WEB

BEYOND
3G
Web Networking

Victor Mauricio Lopez Velandia

0790PRPR0409
 INTRODUCTION

Based on an important article made for the World Wide Web consortium, which settle down
the importance of develop a better standardizations for mobile networks, but before to list the
advantages or disadvantages of these technologies a review of the evolution from voice
communications to 3G networks and web applications is showed above.

BACKGROUND

3G Web is an evolution of 3 technologies, the first one is voice communication, the second
one is the internet and the third one is mobile communications. This evolution came through
from the last 15 years, due to that there are 3 divisions in this evolution.

First Half 1990: voice centric communication.

As a important aspects appeared when universities could have internet connection with a rate
of 9.6 Kbit/s.

In this time the wireless communication was expensive and in 1992 GSM was launched

1995 to 2000: increase of mobile phone usage and development.

People started to use 56Kbits/s dial up for that some web pages showed graphical content.

Voice calls over mobile networks became a success, but having internet connection in
mobiles was difficult to do with speeds of 9.6Kbits/s to 14.4Kbits/s.

Mobiles could communicate through infrared port.

2000 to 2005 : in this 5 years companies offered internet access and television using digital
subscriber lines (DSL), due to this development people was allowed to access to high quality
and complex web pages.

2005 to today: nowadays people have become information creators using

3G and Web applications advantages and disadvantages.

Defined as 3G and web applications it is possible now to noticed Web application advantages
which are: low implementation cost, changes in configuration are not needed in the user’s
Pc, centralized data make fast and easy upgrades and backups, information is always
available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

3G networks have as their advantages high data rate transfer, which allow users to change
information between mobiles with a 2Mbits/s rate, furthermore 3G provides video
conferencing, voice, multimedia, fax and a secure personal banking which is useful when
customers want to buy an item through e-shopping.

On the other hand few disadvantages for web applications and 3G networks are summarized,
in the case of applications, one of the disadvantages in applications is low security,
complexity in application’s developing and not sophisticated interfaces which brings as a bad
consequence user errors. 3G networks disadvantages listed are: mobiles with 3G technology
are more expensive than the previous technology, video conferencing is only possible
between 3G mobiles, battery life is shorter and lack of coverage specially in high streets and
rail networking.

SYSTEM CLASIFICATION

3G Web is vast systems which cover a range of network technologies and standards
including: WCDMA, HSDPA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA, and 4G, and is divided in three
subsystems, but before to talk about them is important emphasize that hardware, operating
system and applications is a hierarchy which point hardware as the lowest point to
applications the highest.

Hardware

Hardware is the link between operational system and real world, which makes user to have
fast data communication, attractive graphic applications and secure data sharing. In order to
have the best performance is necessary to have in count three aspects in designing which are
processor specification, memory, graphics and battery life.

Processor specification

If an application has code lines, the processor has to have more speed in processing data, due
to that the larger operating system require at least an ARM 9,but commonly an ARM 11.
Remarkably the use of a separate application processor to handle dedicated application
processing is needed, for that a single chip or multicore design is determined.
Single core or dual dual core is selected depending of the operating system for example the
lowest memory usage is Symbian from Nokia, so in this case a single core is required

Memory

Memory includes two types of memory which are the RAM memory and the ROM memory;
the RAM memory has as a objective to do the short term processing information for example
when a video is watched, the information of that video which is a set of images is stored on
the RAM memory until the video finishes or the user change of application. The ROM
memory is a long-life data-store, which keeps information until the user decides to delete, this
information can be pictures, video, mails, etc, any kind of information that have the option of
be stored.

Graphic Card

The functionality of the graphic card is to convert information (bits) to images through
processing, but a high speed rate is required aswell the high speed resolution VGA and the
OpenGL 3D standard must be taken in consideration when a graphic card is designed.

Battery

Complex operating systems, applications, and graphics require more processing power,
which requires more battery life. Battery life is one of the primary concerns among the end-
user—even though it's often taken for granted. However, poor battery life quickly results in
customer dissatisfaction and a high potential for device returns

Operating System

Operating system of a mobile has as a aim to control the device hardware, for example when
a phone call is made the operating system allow to the processor to do that phone call or
multimedia action. There are a variety of operation systems but usually is believed that they
are the same that the computer uses (Windows or Linux), but that affirmation is not valid
because Nokia Corporation leads half the market with its product Symbian.

Apart of Symbian exist 4 more strong operating systems; they are RIM blackberry, Apple
iPhone, Windows Mobile and Google Android.
 Application

The application packages are kind of data or data behaviour that users want to, there are ten
kinds of mobile applications which are listed:

Web browsing: they are Safary and mobile internet explorer, etc.

Audio: Shazam to identify who is the singer of the song or media player.

Media Sharing: Photoshare of Iphone which allow user to share not only photos, but
also video and files.

Video and TV: YouTube is the most common.

Voice and Video Telephony

Widgets

Social Media: Facebook

Microblogging.

Location: Gps which localize user using satellites.

Shopping: eBay.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Functional Requirements

The functional requirements define the behaviour of the system and these are:

Provide information availability all time.

Provide a common base protocol that defines header formats, security extension and
procedure for data processing, furthermore with the option to add more protocols is
they are required.

Non-functional Requirements

Availability
It is expected that the system must be available all the time. It is permissible that it be taken
down late at night for up to 1 hour a week. We do not expect that this will require the use of
redundant servers, but it this would be a nice feature if not too expensive.

Performance

It is expected that most pages be returned in 1 second or less to users which are using any
band. The designer has to attempt to keep pages to a reasonable size, however, in order to
ensure that users with slow connections do not experience a delay of more than 3 seconds for
some pages. One way to do this is to limit the time an application can store information on
the memory RAM so they do not waste more memory that needed. For larger pages, it is
expected that page returns of 3 seconds for users with fast connections and 5 seconds for
users with slower connections to be reasonable.

Security

Although there will be some private actions made from users, and all data will be displayed
on a public web-based calendar somewhere, so we do not believe extreme measures need to
be taken to make sure that unauthorized users do not view the data. However, we will keep
the system secure in terms of entering data.

We will ensure that the web server is up to date with the latest security patches and as secure
as possible to minimize the possibility of the machine being hacked for Trojans. This will
include turning off all services that are not needed, such as Bluetooth when the web is
browsing.

The application code will also be written to minimize the possibility of someone hacking into
the server. It will avoid using system calls that might trick the shell into executing arbitrary
shell commands and validate all user input.

Scalability

It is the property that the system is capable of being configured to allow the addition of web
or database servers.

Maintainability

The application will be designed using a model-view-controller type of architecture to ensure

that it is easy for developers with different skill sets to manage the application code. This
means the presentation, business logic, and database layers will be separated. The coding
style guidelines in this document should also be followed to encourage the development of
maintainable code.

Usability
If possible, another round of usability testing of the final prototype application and calendar
should be held before development begins. After the initial roll-out, the final application
should also be evaluated by several users to provide ideas for the next round of development.

REFERENCES

1. Dalhman, Erick and Parkvall Stefan. 3G evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile
broadband. 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley.

2. Sauter, Martin. Beyond 3G: bringing networks, terminals and the web together and
the mobile web 2.0