Floods

A flood is an overflow of water that 'submerges' land.[9] The EU Floods

Directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land which is
usually not covered by water.[10]In the sense of 'flowing water', the word may
also be applied to the inflow of the tides. Flooding may result from the volume
of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows
causing the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.[11] While
the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in
precipitation and snow melt, it is not a significant flood unless the water covers
land used by man like a village, city or other inhabited area, roads, expanses of
farmland, etc.

Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. "harbour
wave"; English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave
or as a tidal wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the
displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Tsunamis can be caused by undersea earthquakes such as the 2004 Boxing Day
tsunami, or by landslides such as the one in 1958 at Lituya Bay, Alaska, or by
volcanic eruptions such as the ancient eruption of Santorini. On March 11,
2011, a tsunami occurred near Fukushima, Japan and spread through the Pacific.

Cyclonic storms
Cyclone, tropical cyclone, hurricane, and typhoon are different names for the
same phenomenon, which is a cyclonic storm system that forms over the
oceans. The determining factor on which term is used is based on where they
originate. In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term "hurricane" is used; in
the Northwest Pacific it is referred to as a "typhoon" and "cyclones" occur in the
South Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Thunderstorms
Severe storms, dust clouds, and volcanic eruptions can generate lightning. Apart
from the damage typically associated with storms, such as winds, hail, and
flooding, the lightning itself can damage buildings, ignite fires and kill by direct
contact.
Tornadoes
A tornado is a violent and dangerous rotating column of air that is in contact
with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud, or the base of
a cumulus cloud in rare cases. It is also referred to as a twister or
a cyclone,[17] although the word cyclone is used in meteorology in a wider sense,
to refer to any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes
and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose
narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud
of debris and dust.
Hurricanes
Hurricanes are large, swirling storms. They produce winds of 119 kilometers
per hour (74 mph) or higher. That's faster than a cheetah, the fastest animal on
land. Winds from a hurricane can damage buildings and trees.

Hurricanes form over warm ocean waters. Sometimes they strike land. When a
hurricane reaches land, it pushes a wall of ocean water ashore. This wall of
water is called a storm surge. Heavy rain and storm surge from a hurricane can
cause flooding.

Avalanche
An avalanche (also called a snowslide) is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping
surface. Avalanches are typically triggered in a starting zone from a mechanical
failure in the snowpack (slab avalanche) when the forces on the snow exceed its
strength but sometimes only with gradually widening (loose snow avalanche).
After initiation, avalanches usually accelerate rapidly and grow in mass and
volume as they entrain more snow. If the avalanche moves fast enough some of
the snow may mix with the air forming a powder snow avalanche, which is a
type of gravity current.
Landslide
A landslide, also known as a landslip [1]or Mudslide,[citation needed] is a form
of mass wasting that includes a wide range of ground movements, such
as rockfalls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows. Landslides can
occur underwater, called a submarine landslide, coastal and onshore
environments. Although the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a
landslide to occur, there are other contributing factors affecting the
original slope stability.
Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of
the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in
the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size
from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to
toss people around and destroy whole cities. The seismicity or seismic
activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes
experienced over a period of time.
Draught
Draught, in Br Eng, means a current of air, or depth of water for boats, a
measure of liquid or air and so on.
Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth,
that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma
chamber below the surface.
Wildfire
A wildfire or wildland fire is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation that
occurs in the countryside or rural area.[1] Depending on the type of vegetation
where it occurs, a wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a brush
fire, bush fire, desert fire, forest fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat
fire, vegetation fire, or veld fire.[2] Fossil charcoal indicates that wildfires
began soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants 420 million years
ago.[3] Wildfire’s occurrence throughout the history of terrestrial life invites
conjecture that fire must have had pronounced evolutionary effects on most
ecosystems' flora and fauna.[4] Earth is an intrinsically flammable planet owing
to its cover of carbon-rich vegetation, seasonally dry climates, atmospheric
oxygen, and widespread lightning and volcanic ignitions.