April 11, 2010

Understanding Chemical Formulas

NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide

Consists of 1 atom each: Na, O and H

NOT: N, a, OH because those aren't

elements Na can't be split, OH is the
hydoxide ion, consisting of O and H!

Understanding Chemical Formulas

Ca(OH)2 - Calcium Hydroxide

Consists of 1 atom Ca and 2 Hydoxide

Ions (OH), each containing O and H

So Ca(OH)2 consists of 1 atom Ca, 2

atoms O and 2 atoms H
 April 11, 2010

Understanding Chemical Formulas

Fe(NO3)2 - Iron(II) Nitrate

Consists of 1 atom Fe and 2 Nitrate Ions

(NO3), each containing N and 3 O's

So Fe(NO3)2 consists of 1 atom Fe, 2

atoms N and 6 atoms O

Let's Practice:
Six Carbons, 12 Hydrogens, Six Oxygens
C6H12O6
Three Niobiums, Two Arsenate Ions: Each Arsenate
Nb3(AsO3)2 Contains One Arsenic and Three Oxygens for a total
of Three Niobiums, Two Arsenics, Six Oxygens

One Magnesium, Two Cyanide Ions each

Mg(CN)2 containing a Carbon and a Nitrogen for a total
of: One Magnesium, Two Carbons, Two Nitrogens

Two Lithiums, One Thiosulfate Ion containing

Li2(S2O3) Two Sulfurs and Three Oxygens for a total of:
Two Lithiums, Two Sulfurs, Three Oxygens

Two Ammonium Ions containing One Nitrogen and

(NH4)2(SO4) Four Hydrogens each, and one Sulfate Ion
containing One Sulfur and Four Oxygens for a total
of Two Nitrogens, Eight Hydrogens, One Sulfur
and Four Oxygens.
 April 11, 2010

Basic Stoichiometry

Molecular Mass (Molar Mass):

The sum of all the atomic masses

H2SO4= (1 x 2) + 32 + (16 x 4) = 98 g/mol

Let's Practice, Molar Masses:

(12 x 6) + (1 x 12) + (16 x 6) = 180 g/mol
C6H12O6
(92.9 x 3) + (74.9 x 2) + (16 x 6) =
Nb3(AsO3)2 524.5 g/mol

(24.3 x 1) + (12 x 2) + (14 x 2) =

Mg(CN)2 76.3 g/mol

(6.9 x 2) + (32 x 2) + (16 x 3) =

Li2(S2O3)
126 g/mol

(14 x 2) + (1 x 8) + (32 x 1) + (16 x 4)=

(NH4)2(SO4)
132 g/mol
 April 11, 2010

Converting Moles to Mass (grams)

5.0 moles of H SO will be how many grams?

2 4

5.0 mol H SO 98.0 g H SO

2 4 2 4
1 mol H2SO4

= 490.0 g H2SO4

Let's Practice, Moles to Mass:

2.3 moles C6H12O6

0.7 moles
Nb3(AsO3)2

6.9 moles
Mg(CN)2

0.0438 moles
Li2(S2O3)
84.7 moles
(NH4)2(SO4)
 April 11, 2010

Converting Mass to Moles

150.0 g of H2SO4 will be how many moles?

150.0 g H2SO4 1 mol H2SO4

98.0 g H SO
2 4

= 1.53 mol H2SO4

Converting Moles to Moles

Using the balanced equation:
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O

How many moles of H2O are produced by

2.0 moles of H2SO4 ?

2.0 mol H2SO4 2 mol H2O

4.0 mol H2O
1 mol H2SO4
 April 11, 2010

Putting it all together: Mass-Mass Problem

How many grams of H2O will be produced by 150.0 g of H2SO4 ?

First convert the mass of H2SO4 to moles of H2SO4

Then convert the moles of H2SO4 to moles of H2O

Finally convert the moles of H2O to mass of H2O

Putting it all together: Mass-Mass Problem

How many grams of H2O will be produced by 150.0 g of H2SO4 ?

150.0 g H2SO4 1 mol H2SO4 2 mol H2O 18.0 g H2O

98.0 g H2SO4 1 mol H2SO4 1 mol H2O

55.1 g H2O