Plenary

Session 1 : Sustainable Skill Development

Ajay Mohan Goel

ajaymgoel@gmail.com
Sustainable

• Ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself.

Sustainable • Should be able to continue forever.
• Endurance of systems and processes.

• Work-related capabilities of people to perform a job successfully.

Skill • Capacity to do something well; technique, ability
 Core Work Related Skills

Source: World Economic Forum 2016, based on O’NET Content Model

Four Blocks for Sustainable Skill Development

• Institutional Mechanisms, Trainers, • Mechanisms: ILT, Blended, MOOCs,

Equipment, Workshops, Class rooms, Apprenticeship
Assessment, Curriculum, Content, • Formal: School, ITI, Polytechnic, College/Univ
LMIS

Infrastructure Delivery

Policy Funding

• Skill Development, Education • Government, Industry, Student, CSR

• Govt: Centre, State
• Industry, Employer
Sustainable Skill Development
Key Aspects

Skills are multi-layered

Infrastru • Generic & Domain specific
Delivery
cture • Simple tasks, complex tasks, supervisory tasks
• Operational & Design
• Stable & Unstable
Policy Funding Changing work environments and flexible working arrangements

Disruptive business models

• Job creation, job displacement, new skill gaps

Continued demographic changes

• Longevity & ageing societies, young population

Developments in previously dis-jointed fields

• AI and machine learning, robotics, nanotechnology, 3D printing and genetics and
biotechnology, big data and analytics

Need for continuous re-skilling & up-skilling

• Same domain, new domain, multiple domains, new technology
Sustainable Skill Development
Policy

Central Government
Infrastru • Formation of Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
Delivery
cture
• National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
(2015)
Policy Funding • Education Policy (1986) *
• National Skills Qualifications Framework (2013)
• The Apprenticeship (Amendment) Act (2014)

State Government
• State Skill Missions
• Convergence of multiple skill schemes
• Convergence of Skill, Employment (Labour) and
Entrepreneurship departments #

* New Education Policy in drafting stage

# In some states (e.g. Telangana, Rajasthan)
National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship -
2015

110 Mn additional skilled manpower

required across 24 key sectors by 2022

25% high schools to integrate skilling with

formal education over next 5 years.

3-tier structure for Skill Development

Mission

Key Paradigms

• Aspiration & advocacy, Capacity, Quality, Synergy,

Mobilization & Engagement, Promotion of skilling
among women, Global Partnerships, Outreach, ICT
enablement, Trainers & Assessors, Inclusivity
Sustainable Skill Development
Funding

Central Government
Infrastru
• PMKVY
Delivery
cture • Schemes of Individual Ministries (~20)
• Central Scheme for vocationalisation in class 9-12
• UGC scheme of Community Colleges, B.Voc., DDU-
Policy Funding
KAUSHAL

Industry / Employer
• Internal Training Departments
• Sponsored Training

CSR / Philanthropy

Student
• Self-Funded
Sustainable Skill Development
Infrastructure

Institutions
Infrastru
Delivery
cture • MSDE, NSDA, NSDC, Sector Skill Councils, State Skill
Missions
• UGC, AICTE, Universities, Colleges, Polytechnics
Policy Funding
• School Education Boards, NCERT, PSSCIVE,
• ITIs , NCVT, SCVT,
• Board of Apprenticeship Training
• Vocational Training providers

Standards, Curriculum, Content

Labour Management Information System

Teachers / Trainers
Sustainable Skill Development
Delivery

Governance Structures
Infrastru
Delivery
cture
Technology

Policy Funding Delivery Mechanisms

Industry Interface, Internships, projects

Teacher / Trainer

Workshops / Equipment

Assessment, Evaluation and Certification

Student Placement
Sustainable Skill Development
Key Imperatives

• Demand driven – Workforce planning

Infrastru
Delivery
cture • Three layered planning and implementation:
– National – For national & global requirements
– State
Policy Funding – District

• Reforms of Primary School System

– Cognitive Abilities and Basic Skills development

• Curricula reforms
– Applied learning focus
– Inter-disciplinary
Thank You
Weaknesses in existing Vocational Education System

Mismatch between demand and supply

Weak Industry and Job Linkages

Out-dated courses and inadequate curriculum

Lack of practical orientation and apprenticeship

Stigma/ Lack of Motivation

Financial constraints

Dead End – Certificates and Diplomas

Aspirational links to Higher Education and better jobs unfulfilled
Education Profile of India’s Population (15+ age group)

Source: Global Demographics, Macquarie, September 2015

• India’s workforce is much less educated than its peers.

• Impacts productivity and propensity to be employed.
College and High School Graduates Ill-Equipped for Industry
Skilling needs to align with the Economic Growth

• Most of vocational education focused on Manufacturing industry

• 58% of India’s GDP now comes from Services Sector
2007-2012 Journey – National Skills Mission 2009

National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) set up in 2010.

•51% private sector and 49% public

National Skill Development Fund (NSDF)

•Primarily funded from General Tax Revenues

Target to skill 500 Mn during 2010-2022

Main growth in Skilling Capacity

•Increasing private sector ITIs.
•~250 Private VTPs – Financed by NSDC
•Skilled about 3.3 Mn people till Mar’15
Release of National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) in 2012
•National Occupational Standards released for ~1300 Job Roles
•Skill Training being aligned to NSQF – Work in Progress
37 Sector Skill Councils set up (Industry bodies, NSDC facilitated)
•Create National Occupational Standards
•Set up Assessment and Certification ecosystem
 Mainstreaming skills for Employment

National
Skills
ITI Program Qualifications
Framework
School Program Community College
Program

Year1 Year2 Year3

NSQF L1 L2 L3 L4
NSQF
High School B.Voc. Industry
IX | X | XI | XII NSQF Employment
Class12 Adv. Dip.
Pass
NSQF
Diploma
India’s Demographic Advantage
Change in working age population (2025 less 2015)

Source: Global Demographics, Macquarie, September 2015

• India will account for 20% world’s working age population

• Only 7% of India’s population has vocational education.
Key Drivers
• Energy Sector
• New energy supplies and
technologies
• Climate change, natural
resources
• Changing nature of work,
flexible work
• Geopolitical volatility
technological trends whose
potentially far-ranging
implications have not yet fully
materialized—such as 3D
• Infrastructure Sector
• Climate change, natural
resources
• Changing nature of work,
flexible work
• New energy supplies and
technologies
• Geopolitical volatility
Timeframes to impact industries, business models
 Sustainable Skill Development
Key Aspects

• Biggest drivers of employment creation

– demographic and socio-economic in nature
– Rapid urbanisation

• Biggest threat to employment & Job creation

– increasing geopolitical volatility

• Job Creation opportunities

– Big Data analytics, mobile internet, the Internet of Things and robotics.
• Global Employement Projections
– Strong Growth: Architecture, Engineering, Cmputer, Mathematical job families
– Moderate decline: Manufacturing and Production roles
– Significant decline: Office and Administrative roles.
– Flat: Business and Financial Operations, Sales and Related and Construction and Extraction
• Significant variations to above in different regions / countries