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Contents
FLOOD RISK
New flood maps include the risk from surface water flooding - EA 32 - 33
Time to Get Real about
Surface Water 30 Learning from SuDS North of the Border - Sharon Lindsay 34 - 35
Management
Flood Prevention & Planning Action - Tom Hodson 36
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Advice which the Environment Agency, In more recent times, since 1974, when
and other managers of the nation’s the former river authorities were
infrastructure would do well to heed. merged into the large multifunctional
One of the worst inland flood events on water authorities, there has been a “The proposal to
record is that which occurred in March planned reduction in the amount of further reduce the
1947, it was widespread affecting most river dredging carried out, uncontrolled Environment
of the larger river systems. On many bankside vegetation abounds, and Agency’s
sections of major rivers those flood fallen trees tolerated, as more money is expenditure on
levels have not been exceeded, and spent protecting specific areas, against maintenance
indeed the Environment Agency still what are often hyperthetical floods, conveys a lack of
use the levels to influence its’ planning rather than experienced events, understanding of
policy and to produce flood comparison subsequently the overall flood risk to the situation”
data. large areas increases due to this lack
of maintenance.
Whilst in some riverside locations the
1947 flood levels have not been In my operational days in river
approached it is highly likely that the management, the view was taken that
actual flood flows, not widely and the first task was to ensure that no
accurately measured at that time, have party carried out ill-advised work in and
been reached and even exceeded. To alongside rivers which could increase
understand the disparity between river flood risk. Secondly was to ensure the
flow and flood level can be understood systems, including structures and
by following Churchill’s advice. channels were able to operate in an
efficient way, and not vulnerable to
During the 1920’s and 30’s the plight of excesses of debris being transferred
the nation was such that river downstream when the flood flows
management was not a spending arrived. Thirdly, and with funds
priority, and whilst there was a wake-up available was to provide improved
call in 1937 with serious flooding taking protection to areas at significant flood
place, the advent of war resulted in the risk.
only drainage works undertaken was
that under War-Ag schemes to The proposal to further reduce the
safeguard the country’s food Environment Agency’s expenditure on
production. maintenance conveys a lack of
understanding of the situation, and how
By 1947 the river systems were in a in the future, we will look back on this
totally neglected condition, lowland period of neglect, as they did in 1947,
rivers were in a heavily silted condition, and face the consequences.
bank side vegetation had encroached
into channels with fallen trees forming
dams and obstructing bridges. Many
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“The emergency services and others “We know that our changing climate
acted swiftly with their response means that extreme weather events
which undoubtedly saved lives and I such as this are not going to go
would like to thank Natural away. It is impossible to prevent
Resources Wales, Local Authorities, flooding but we are working hard to
Minister for Natural Resources and the Fire and Rescue Service, the build resilience around our coasts in
Food, Alun Davies has ordered a Police, the RNLI and other agencies Wales.”
review into recent flood events, which for their efforts in warning and
will be led by Natural Resources evacuating those at risk and for their Emyr Roberts, Chief Executive of
Wales. The review will look at the continued and ongoing work. Natural Resources Wales, said:
flood events that hit Wales both at
the beginning of December and “The storms have severely tested our “We sympathise with the people who
again at the beginning of January, coastal defences but this is an event suffered during the major storms
and will cover all coastal authorities that could have been much worse. which affected much of the Wales
in Wales. Indeed we know that our continued coast.
investment in flood defence
The Minister also explained that the improvements in Newport, Borth, We have already completed
review would be carried out in two Aberaeron, Tywyn and Colwyn Bay emergency repair work on many of
phases. The first phase, to be has prevented or lessened flooding our sea defences where this has
completed by the end of January for homes and businesses in those been possible. However in some
2014, will be a swift review of the areas. places, repairs will take much longer.
impacts of the flood events and will
assess the state of Wales’ coastal “My officials are continuing to work “As requested by the Minister, we will
defences following the recent storms. closely with local authorities and work with local authorities and other
Natural Resources Wales on how we partners to quickly gather information
The second phase will look into the can assist in the aftermath of the on the impact of the coastal flooding
wider lessons learnt from the floods, and I am encouraging so that repairs can be prioritised “
December and January flood events affected local authorities to contact
and the flood risk management in the Welsh Government officials on grant “We will then look at what lessons
affected areas. The intention, subject funding for emergency works can be learned from these storms
to further incidents of flooding, is that required to restore damaged and what can be done to improve the
a report on the second phase will be defences. situation for the people who live and
available by April 2014. work along the Welsh coastline."
“We are also in daily contact with the
The Minister said that while these UK Government about an Over the term of this Government,
reports were needed as soon as application to the EU Emergency the Welsh Government is investing
possible, the immediate focus for Solidarity Fund, which was originally over £240m in flood and coastal
local authorities would remain on the set up to provide assistance to those defences. Despite cuts from the UK
clean up operation and recovery. affected by the 2002 floods in Government, the Welsh Government
Eastern Europe. has maintained its flood and coastal
erosion budgets.
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Paul Cobbing,
Chief Executive of
the National
Flood Forum
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• reduce the potential damages of flooding and coastal At the 2013 Spending Round, the government, for the
erosion where it is economic and affordable to do so first time, set a specific long-term capital funding
• increase the overall level of investment in flood and settlement for flood management at record levels, worth
coastal erosion risk management and the value of £2.3 billion in total. This long term plan will enable capital
measures taken to supplement central government programme delivery to be planned for the long-term,
expenditure driving increased efficiency through providing certainty to
the construction sector and help encourage contributions
• help householders, businesses and communities better from other sources.
understand and manage any flood and coastal erosion
risks that they face The aim of the long term plan is that the government’s
investment decisions will result in significantly more
• achieve environmental gains alongside economic and homes receiving a higher level of protection. Funding for
social gains, consistent with the principles of sustainable the period 2010-2015 means that 165,000 households
development will have benefitted from improved or new defences over
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Defra announces
an additional £130
million for critical
flood defences.
42 new flood schemes have been given the green light by These schemes will go towards improved protection for
Floods Minister Dan Rogerson today. over 165,000 properties in the four years to 2015 –
A further 13 schemes previously given funding will also 20,000 more than our target. Our priority is to do as much
begin construction, bringing the total number of schemes as we can with every pound of funding.
starting work to 55 for this year. The announcement of additional funding for urgent
repairs to defences damaged during the recent storms is
In all the new schemes starting construction this year will also welcomed. We are working closely with our local
provide protection to over 42,000 households across the partners and communities across the country to assess
country. and repair damage as quickly as possible.
With one in six homes in England at risk of flooding, we
An additional £130 million will also help to secure and would also encourage people to take their own steps to
maintain critical flood defences before next winter hits. prepare for flooding, for example by signing up to the
New schemes announced today include: Environment Agency’s free flood warning service.”
• £9.4 million Port Clarence and Greatham scheme in The government’s successful partnership funding scheme
Teesside which will improve protection to 350 homes is also continuing to provide support to the most at-risk
from flooding; and deprived communities, giving local people greater
• £4 million scheme in Croston, Lancashire which will choice about levels of local flood protection.
improve protection to 460 homes from the River Yarrow;
and In total, partnership funding will bring in £148 million
• £2.5 million scheme on the Upper River Tame in Titford, additional investment by the end of 2014/15. This
which will improve protection to 150 homes. compares to just £13 million in the previous four years.
A total of £344 million will be spent on capital projects this Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Danny Alexander, said:
year. Over the course of this Parliament more money “We have worked together in government to deliver this
than ever before will be spent protecting people from extra package of funding for regions affected by flooding
flooding with the government spending £3.1 billion. and the flood defence programme more generally.
This investment is part of the government’s long-term We will continue doing everything we can to support
flood defence spending programme to protect communities during these difficult times.”
communities and deliver vital infrastructure projects. This
will ensure 165,000 homes are better protected by 2015 Current projects funded in partnership with others
– 20,000 more than the original target. include:
Floods Minister, Dan Rogerson, said: • A £18.1 million Sheffield City Council Lower Don Valley
“After the wettest January for over 200 years, Britain has scheme that will better protect 290 business properties,
been battered by some exceptional weather and thanks to local businesses who will contribute £1.4
communities have been devastated by the impact of million to the scheme;
flooding. • A £37 million coastal defence scheme at Clacton led by
Our flood defences have been seriously tested over the Tendring District Council will improve protection to over
past two months which is why we are investing in repairs 1,500 homes, with over £6 million in contributions;
to ensure these crucial defences can withstand future • A £24.2 million scheme in Morpeth, Northumbria, which
storms. has benefitted from £5.6m in partnership contributions
More money than ever before is being invested in flood to protect nearly 500 homes;
defences and the new schemes will give greater security • A £21 million coastal erosion scheme in Lyme Regis,
to thousands of homes and businesses that have Dorset which has received £4.3 million in partnership
previously feared flooding” contributions, improving protection to 480 homes, and;
• The £51m scheme in Leeds City centre, which will
Lord Chris Smith, Chairman of the Environment Agency, receive £3.4m of partnership contributions in 2014/15.
said:
“We are pleased to be able to confirm the construction of The full list of schemes going ahead in 2014/15 is
42 new flood defence schemes in England. published on the Environment Agency’s website
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DESIGN.
ENVIRONMENT
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On 17th January, Local Government Minister Brandon
Lewis announced a further funding package of £6.7 A unique engineering
million for local authorities affected by recent flooding consultancy backed by
and severe weather. over 30 years experience
Since the east coast tidal surge in December, severe in leading-edge drainage
weather and flooding has caused a significant amount design and implementation.
of damage to housing, businesses, agriculture and
transport infrastructure across the country. This We can provide:
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The costs of repairing flood defences damaged by the
extreme weather are currently being assessed, by the
Department for, Food and Rural Affairs and will be set
out shortly.
Mr Lewis said:
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• 64 severe flood
warnings were in place
at the peak.
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Spurn Head
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Pumping Station and Flood defences damaged by
tidal surge
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front of the wall by the Environment Agency and the Since 5th December 2013, over 6,480 properties
Witham 4th Internal Drainage Board. The bags will have been flooded across England, but over the
bolster the flood wall that was damaged by last week’s same period more than 1.3 million properties have
tidal surge. been protected by flood protection measures.
The Black Sluice Pumping Station, was flooded by the According to local Gold commanders, 2,600
tidal surge resulting in electrical and mechanical homes have been flooded since the start of
failure, resulting in rapid action to get two pumps back January, and a further 7,000 have been cut off by
up and running. This allowed the pumping station, flood water or have lost access to services.
which was built in 1946 to manage water levels in the
South Forty Foot Drain, to operate at more than 50 per
cent capacity.
Wells boathouse, which is the base for the town’s two Staines
lifeboats, was itself victim to the surge as water
smashed the door of the inshore lifeboat shed and
surged through the main boathouse, leaving behind
around twenty tons of shingle and gravel.
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Wildlife
organisations
“dredging must be at
call for a more the right scale”
flood-resilient
future for the
Somerset Levels
The RSPB and the Somerset Wildlife appropriately when it reaches the century ago in the 1960s. Much has
Trust called on MPs and others to floodplain. Make better use of the changed on the Levels since then,
press government and its agencies to Parrett Flood Relief Channel and and the scheme as put forward by
develop a water management the gravity floodplain across the Royal Bath &West Society and
strategy for a more flood-resilient King’s Sedgemoor. Plan and others is currently of real concern to
future on the Somerset Levels that enable land-use change to the RSPB and SWT.
benefits both people and wildlife. The provide more space for water.
wildlife charities have also expressed “Our concern comes from this dredge
concern over calls for dredging. 4. Build greater resilience in the being seen as the best or only
floodplain land uses. Incentivise solution to give the extra protection to
RSPB and SWT say that Defra and the use of more flood-tolerant homes and critical infrastructure that
its agencies must work with Level’s pastures, and encourage flood- is needed. A more powerful response
communities to create an evidence- sensitive crops such as silage and would reflect our the five key
based, effective, and sustainable maize to be grown off the principles we have outlined.
flood management strategy, fit for the floodplain.
21st century. “In addition, because large parts of
5. Maintain critical watercourses to the Levels are wildlife rich, and we
The two environment charities, with a ensure appropriate levels of have yet to see guarantees that
combined membership of over drainage. This includes dredging nature will be secured in both any
40,000 in Somerset are calling for the at the right scale to keep water dredge and then any subsequent
adoption of five key principles: moving on the Levels, but in water management operations, we
planning how and where to have to see these concerns
1. Focus flood defence resources on dredge, don’t damage the Level’s overcome.”
protecting lives, homes, wildlife-rich wetlands.
businesses and utilities. Invest in: Despite concerns, both RSPB and
better local flood defences for David Leach, speaking for SWT said; SWT have welcome the approach
vulnerable rural properties, made by the Royal Bath and West
improvements to key roads “There is nothing new in these calls - Society to engage in the Somerset
making them less vulnerable to they have been made collectively by Levels Relief Fund initiative.
disruption, and more support in many local stakeholders - after all the
preparing Level’s communities for big flood events in the last 15 years. Mr Leach added; “As organisations
extreme events. Lack of leadership, for whatever with a strong interest in the important
reason has been the biggest barrier Somerset Levels and Moors area, we
2. Slow the water flow upstream to to achieving a fair transition to a share in common with the Society
reduce peak floods on the Levels. more resilient floodplain that works and other stakeholders across the
For example, upstream soils can for people, communities and nature. area a desire to find the best long-
be made less compact, natural Innovations can be developed such term, viable and sustainable ways of
habitats can be restored, more as payments for ecosystem services managing water and flood events.
broadleaved trees can be planted to enable transition.”
and temporary flood storage Both our organisations are major
created along drainage systems – RSPB and SWT are also expressing landowners in the Levels, together
in both upstream towns and the concerns over proposals for dredging owning several thousand acres on
countryside. This has been the Rivers Tone and Parrett that, they the floodplains. Our nature interests,
effective elsewhere in the country, say, would extensively re-shape operations and projects can be
and needs to be used to help the sections of the rivers. severely impacted by floods. Our
Levels as well. staff and volunteers live in the
Mr Robins added; effected communities of the Levels.
3. Use the existing water At least 80,000 people a year visit
management infrastructure better “These proposals are based on a SWT and RSPB nature reserves in
by spreading flood water more scheme design developed over half a the Levels.”
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k Flood Risk
a new management and funding central government will explore Environment Agency, business and
approach. This will improve local options for early funding, financing farming interests, community
control and accountability for flood and delivery by 2017 of the Upper groups, conservation bodies and
and water management and long- Tone Catchment attenuation other stakeholders together with
term maintenance work on the scheme central government led by Defra).
Levels. It will include the • Local Planning Authorities, Defra, The Implementation Group will
development of a new catchment Wessex Water and the commit to providing strong local
wide funding mechanism to lever in Environment Agency will identify leadership, including a commitment
external funds. Initial proposals to hotspots with a high risk of urban to engage with the community to
be developed by end 2014 with runoff and work with owners to build consensus and agree which
new structures and funding retrofit appropriate schemes where actions should be implemented and
operational from 2015/16 subject to feasible to tackle the problems. how the community can increase
any necessary legislative changes. • As Government will enact the its own resilience.
• Defra, working with other Sustainable Urban Drainage
government departments, will provisions legislation in October NEXT STEPS
ensure that the impacts of long 2014, then by March 2015, Local
lasting floods on communities, the Planning Authorities in conjunction Establish a long term governance for
economy and strategic connectivity with Somerset County Council, will the development and implementation
are properly recognised as part of determine whether national of the Plan and where outstanding
the cost-benefit case for flood Sustainable Drainage Systems issues remain, local and national
defence and connectivity (SuDS) Approving Body standards partners must commit to resolving
infrastructure. are sufficient for the requirements these together. This will include
in Somerset and whether more working in partnership to develop
robust standards are needed. new approaches for long term
Support farmers to maximise the • Defra to ensure by June 2014 that funding of management work on the
benefits from catchment sensitive the Planning Inspectorate has Levels and identifying additional and
farming, especially regarding run- regard to this plan in determining innovative sources of funds to deliver
off in the upper catchment appeals. elements of the plan. Detailed
assessments and business cases will
• Somerset, with support from Sustain and enhance business need to be produced to make the
government, to develop and pilot a and community resilience capacity case for some of the investment
skills and support programme by choices, including how they compare
2015, building on Catchment • Somerset Civil Contingencies to other projects across the country.
Sensitive Farming to cover flood Partnership will ensure an
risk management as well as water enhanced website and social Review progress against the plan
quality. This will provide an media presence by Autumn 2014 regularly. Defra ministers will meet
integrated, comprehensive advice providing comprehensive and easy with local partners regularly to review
and support package for land to access information sources to the plan and ensure progress is
management in upper, mid and help householders and businesses being made.
lower catchment areas. Includes reduce their flood risk and improve
advice and support on voluntary their resilience to future events. Review governance arrangements
adaptation and restructuring of • Over the next three years, after two years to ensure they are fit
farm businesses where Somerset Civil Contingencies for purpose, including managing the
appropriate. Includes locally Partnership will support locally led transition of appropriate
administered capital grant fund. action to plan, design and responsibilities to the new Somerset
• Defra will this year consider how implement solutions to increase rivers board.
best to secure flood risk benefits in resilience and adapt to future
the forthcoming decisions on events. National government has provided
approaches to all Common • We will ensure that learning from additional resources to respond to
Agricultural Policy (CAP) funding. recent flooding is embedded into the situation in Somerset, with £10m
our response plans. from Defra for flood risk
Manage urban runoff by ensuring management, £10m from DfT for
best practice in planning and Ensure strong local leadership transport work, and £0.5m from CLG
Sustainable Urban Drainage with full engagement of local for community resilience. In addition,
Systems (SuDS) implementation partners and communities Somerset business, farms and
households are eligible for support
• All Somerset Local Planning • Immediate delivery of the Action under a variety of national level
Authorities will review their Plan will be overseen by an flooding recovery programmes.
planning policies with regard to Implementation Group led by Furthermore prior to this plan local
flooding and if necessary, develop Somerset County Council partners had identified over £1.5m
new local requirements or consisting of local and national towards future flood risk reduction
standards in line with the National partners (including Local work.
Planning Policy Framework. Authorities, Drainage Boards, the
• Local partners with support from Local Enterprise Partnership,
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Innovative, self-inflating
flood defence systems
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AquaDam Europe Ltd
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flood response
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In the midst of the dams were transported to the Silver Command base at
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event, in particular, Army, Fire Service, and the AquaDam Installation
captured the media’s supervisors were all briefed on the project.
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Once on site the AquaDams dams had to be positioned
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Engineering Limited
Limited
King’s LLynn
King’s ynn P
PE30
E30 4
4NG
NG . Tel. 01553
Tel. 01553 775565
775565
ccwadmin@cw-engineering.co.uk
wadmin@cw-engineering.co.uk . www.cw-engineering.co.uk
www.cw-engineering.co.uk British
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for Quality
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Flood Risk & Drainage
The Scottish Environment Protection Flood Risk Management Strategies "We can all help to reduce the
Agency (SEPA) has, in January, and Local Flood Risk Management impacts of flooding. By taking action
published the most comprehensive Plans. These co-ordinated plans will now members of the public and
national source of data on flood look at whole river catchments and businesses can limit the damage
hazard and risk for Scotland. coastlines and identify what actions which flooding can cause. People
should be taken to manage flooding can learn more about how flooding
The new flood maps, which can be in Scotland. can affect their lives by looking at the
viewed at: flood maps, and use this information
http://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/flood This approach to Flood Risk to help prepare and protect
_maps.aspx, are an important step in Management Planning, and the themselves and their properties. We
increasing understanding of the development of new flood maps, has would also encourage people to sign
sources and impacts of flooding and been driven by the Flood Risk up to our Floodline service to receive
will be a key tool in producing Management (Scotland) Act (FRM free advance notification of flooding
Scotland's first ever co-ordinated Act) which has encouraged more 24 hours a day."
plans to tackle flood risk. partnership working between public
bodies and a greater wealth of Following the launch of the new flood
The maps, which have been knowledge and understanding of how risk and hazard maps at the Scottish
developed in partnership with local flooding can be managed proactively. Government's Flood Summit,
authorities and Scottish Water, share Minister for Environment and Climate
more information on flooding than James Curran, Chief Executive of Change Paul Wheelhouse said:
ever before with members of the SEPA, said:
public. "SEPA's new flood risk and hazard
"The publication of new flood maps is maps are an extremely useful tool in
The maps show different types of a key milestone of the FRM Act, and supporting flood risk strategies
flooding, the likelihood of this will help us and our partners to take a across Scotland as they show not
happening and the impact of flooding more co-ordinated, sustainable and only the extent of flooding under
when it does happen. The new targeted approach towards reducing different risk scenarios, but also the
national map, which builds on the the impacts which flooding can have. potential depth and velocity of flood
information available in the previous waters. With extreme weather events
Indicative River and Coastal Flood "It is clear that there has never been predicted to become more frequent, it
Map, features areas at risk from a greater need for this information as is of the utmost importance that we
surface water flooding and includes we have seen, yet again over the last are as prepared as possible to
information on depth and velocity month, the misery that flooding has respond when these hit.
where available. brought to communities across the
country. As many people will be all "A huge amount of work has gone
One of the other new flood maps too aware, flooding is a real threat into the creation of these maps and
developed by the Agency identifies and it can have devastating effects their launch comes as a result of
areas where there is an opportunity on lives and properties. In Scotland, successful partnership working
for natural flood management. This for many years now, we've been between the Scottish Government,
is part of a more sustainable aware of the expected increase in SEPA, Local Authorities and Scottish
approach to tackling flooding in flooding caused by climate change Water. This tool will help us to better
Scotland, and uses the natural and by having more information on understand the nature of flood risks
processes and shape of the land to the types of flooding and its impacts at a local level and thereby to target
help to reduce flood risk. we can make more informed efforts to plan and invest in mitigating
decisions and target our resources in potential flooding impacts in
SEPA, working closely with local the areas where we can make a real vulnerable areas."
authorities and Scottish Water, will difference.
use the new flood maps to produce
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Flood Risk & Drainage
Warrington
Flood Defence
Scheme
- just in time
The 1.5 km stretch of flood walls and
embankments along Knutsford Rd
have already proved their worth by
protecting around 1,500 local homes
and businesses during one of the
biggest tidal surges on the River
Mersey since 1990.
Woolston, Padgate, Kingsway North, Flood Risk Manager for the
The £23 million scheme has been Cinnamon Brow and Latchford East, Environment Agency, Mark Garratt,
made possible thanks to a with completion scheduled for spring added:
partnership between the Environment 2015.
Agency and Warrington Borough “We couldn’t have completed
Council, who are jointly funding the The Warrington Mayor, Cllr Peter construction at a better time, as the
new flood defences. Carey, said: new defences were tested during a
major tidal surge on Thursday 5th
The finished scheme will eventually “These new flood defences provide December. The flood walls and
reduce the risk of flooding to over peace of mind to hundreds of local embankments worked perfectly,
2,000 homes and businesses in families and businesses. The tidal holding water on the natural flood
Warrington from the River Mersey surge we experienced earlier this plain in Victoria Park and protecting
and its tributaries. The second phase month shows they were completed around 1,500 local homes and
of construction is scheduled to begin not a moment too soon and proves businesses.”
in Howley in January, then the third how important they are to the local
and final phase will be constructed in community.”
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WIHDGPLQ#PJRXOGFRXNZZZZPJRXOGFRXN
27
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Alex has over 37 years
experience in stormwater
drainage design and related
issues.
As well as being the UK
Stormwater Director with Hydro
International he is also
Chairman of the British Water
SuDS focus group. He is ideally
situated to keep you up to date
with the industry changes and
legislation.
Alex Stephenson,
SuDS Delays:
Have We Lost Sight of our Founding Principles?
Stormwater
confirmed that latest target date for SABS to
begin their work – April 2014 – cannot be met.
The Minister stressed that the Government is still
committed to implementing the legislation. It
seems it could be autumn at the earliest before
this will happen.
SuDS delays.
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Stormwater & SuDS
and accompanying design guidance. I have been a British Standard Points the Way
member in the “Task and Finish” groups set up to facilitate
the consultation. In the meantime, a new British Standard, BS8582, has
been published giving best practice recommendations on
Recent press coverage suggests that housebuilders and the planning, design, construction and maintenance of
developers are worried about the costs of space-hungry surface water management systems for new
above-ground ‘natural’ features such as ponds, wetlands developments and redevelopment sites.
and swales. There are also questions surrounding the
proper funding for local authorities to maintain SuDS Although purely a code of practice, the new standard has
effectively. been written in the spirit of harmonising and updating the
“disparate, often cumbersome, and at times contradictory”
Why is it that these issues should catch the interest of the guidance available to designers and developers of SuDS
media now? Surely they have been recognised in our systems, according to British Standards Institution (BSI)
industry from the start? Housebuilders have been putting website. The standards also usefully cover England,
in perfectly good SuDS schemes for the past 10 years or Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, so may help to offer
more. some consistency of approach especially to professionals
working across those borders.
So what has changed? I have been involved in promoting
and lobbying for SuDS for more than 30 years. I believe a BS8582 is offered for use by local authorities, developers,
significant contributory factor has to be the way in which internal drainage boards, water companies and industry
the definition and interpretation of SuDS has shifted over practitioners such as consultants and architects. It
the years. acknowledges the growing need for local authorities to
scope and review technical submissions relating to surface
The key principles of SuDS are to mimic natural drainage water flood risk management as part of the planning
paths and processes and to deal with rainwater at source. process. The standard is also designed to address the
The SuDS ‘triangle’ of Quantity, Quality and Amenity is a need for consistent, clear industry guidance that
good guide, but not each of the three elements is achieved developers can refer to when preparing a planning
in every case, depending on the site conditions. application, and designing a safe and sustainable surface
water management system.
There is a desperate need to build more housing in the UK
at the moment. I know from speaking to many So, whilst being another guidance document, rather than
housebuilders that the requirement for ‘amenity’ and for compulsory, the standard can be said to reflect the latest
‘green’ features presents in some cases the need to give thinking on SuDS design and maintenance and may point
up space that could otherwise be used for development. the way towards what we can expect from the new
However, there are exemplary housing schemes – National Standards for England and Wales.
including those on this website – that have shown it is
possible to achieve excellence, often by combining natural In particular, BS8582 includes important guidance on best
and manufactured features. practice in surface water treatment and guidance on the
use of proprietary devices for silt and sediment removal to
We simply have to go back to these first principles and get protect infiltration and storage systems is particularly
real about SuDS. We must accept that one of the first welcome.
aims of sustainable surface water management is to treat
pollution whilst stopping surface water being conveyed The new standard is designed to be complementary for
large distances via combined sewers and ending up at BS8533 Assessing and Managing Flood Risk in
wastewater treatment works. This may not necessarily Development and BS EN 752 Drains and Sewers Outside
always mean above ground features. Buildings. Further details are available on the BSI
website.
Yes, let us aim for amenity value where possible, but if not
commercially viable, then let us accept that good
SuDS in Scotland
compromises can be reached by using the full SuDS
toolbox – using both natural and proprietary features to
Remember, the new legislation applies only in England
meet SuDS principles. Innovative technologies – many
and Wales. The rules in Scotland have been in place for
developed and well-proven by UK industries – are
many years. The recent Engineering Nature’s Way survey
available to reduce the amount of space needed for
in Scotland provides some valuable experiences for the
surface water drainage features, whilst still providing at-
rest of the UK to learn from, especially in terms of
source attenuation/infiltration and treatment. Developing
engineering choices available and the need to be clear on
such solutions could also be more appropriate for
future maintenance regimes. For more information see
encouraging water re-use and recycling.
the report on page 34
A more pragmatic approach is simply going to be essential
if we are to achieve the widespread retrofitting of more
sustainable drainage features.
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Developers have been installing good SuDS Schemes for the past 10 years
YET more unacceptable delays to the implementation of “Housebuilders and developers are worried about the
long-awaited legislation to make Sustainable Drainage costly loss of land required to build space-hungry above-
Systems (SuDS) compulsory for new developments in ground ‘natural’ features such as ponds, wetlands and
England and Wales have been exacerbated by an overly- swales. There are also questions surrounding the proper
idealistic interpretation of SuDS as natural above-ground funding for local authorities to maintain SuDS effectively.
drainage features, experts have warned.
“It’s not that housebuilders are anti-SuDS – many have
“It’s time to get real about the principles and practice we been installing good SuDS schemes for the past 10 years
need for surface water drainage not just for new or more and these issues are not new to our industry.
development but also for much-needed improvements to The question is, why are they the focus of attention now?
the existing surface water drainage infrastructure. This
will be essential not only to combat flooding, but also to “I believe a significant contributory factor is a tendency to
tackle pollution of our rivers and watercourses,” says Alex interpret SuDS too rigidly as ‘natural’ or above ground
Stephenson, chair of the British Water Sustainable Water drainage features and this is what threatens to hold back
Management (SuWM) Focus Group and Director of progress.
Hydro International’s UK Stormwater division.
“It’s time to go back to the first principles of what we are
Despite another period of devastating flooding, Defra has trying to achieve in sustainable surface water control as
confirmed that plans to make SuDS compulsory for well as treatment of pollutants from runoff, in particular
developments over one property in April 2014 have been from highways. The key principle of SuDS is to mimic
delayed again to take account of the outcomes of natural drainage paths and processes and to deal with
consultations with industry stakeholders. A new date for rainwater as close as possible to where it falls – by
implementation has yet to be confirmed. The new infiltration where possible. By doing so, the
regulations as part of the Flood and Water Management unsustainable outcome of directing surface water into the
Act will make sustainable drainage systems subject to over-burdened sewer network is avoided.
approval by new local authority SuDS Approving Bodies,
who will then be responsible for adopting and maintaining “Innovative technologies – many developed and well-
the SuDS. proven by UK companies – are available to reduce the
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amount of space needed for
surface water features. Proprietary
solutions can also help to deliver
predictable and repeatable
maintenance schedules that local
authorities can effectively cost.
Technologies such as vortex flow
controls, underground
storage/infiltration systems and
treatment devices are available to
use alongside, or instead of natural
features.
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by legislation passed in 2010. year over 7,000 properties were Aidan Kerr Head of Property at the
Measures already implemented by flooded but 200,000 properties were Association of British Insurers said:
local authorities to manage surface protected from river and coastal “Accessing accurate, up-to-date
water flood risk include the flooding by Environment Agency information on surface water flood
installation of property-level flood flood risk management schemes. risk will help homeowners and
protection such as flood boards, From 2015 Defra is investing £370 businesses take steps to reduce the
working with water companies to million per year rising to £400 million often devastating, and expensive
create water storage areas, and by 2021 to protect more homes and impact of flooding”
recruiting teams of flood wardens to businesses. This is more than
improve community resilience. £2.3billion over a six year period; See the new flood maps here:
National planning guidance is also in more than ever before. The new Surface Water Flood Maps
place to ensure that new maps will help to make the best use
development is resilient and does not of this investment.
increase flood risk elsewhere.
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Learning
from SuDS
North of the Border A few of the 18-strong panel including, Chair, Dr Scott Arthur from Heriot-Watt University,
3rd form the left
Scotland is ahead of the rest of the “The discussion revealed the agency and water company
UK in making the design and challenges in reconciling the professionals.
installation of Sustainable Drainage agendas of organisations with widely
Systems (SuDS) mandatory. A different regulatory and commercial Maintenance and Adoption
survey of professionals working with objectives, that can sometimes lead
SuDS in Scotland conducted recently to ‘disconnects’ that leave SuDS The survey responses revealed
by the Engineering Nature’s Way falling between the gaps,” according significant frustration that Scottish
knowledge-sharing website holds to Phil Collins, National Sales & authorities had been very slow to
vital lessons the rest of the UK. Marketing Manager for Hydro adopt SuDS systems, regarding this
International , who hosted the event as a significant barrier to progress.
A panel of experts debated the for the Engineering Nature’s Way Most believed regulation and
findings of the survey - SuDS in guidance to be insufficiently clear for
Scotland – Experience and SuDS knowledge-sharing initiative. both maintenance (59.8%) and
Opportunity - during a lively and “We were extremely fortunate to adoption (67.1%).
sometimes passionate Round Table have such an influential group of
discussion held in Edinburgh in people together to debate the survey “During the panel discussion it was
November. findings. I hope that the survey and clear that sometimes SuDS features
Under the chairmanship of a leading the debate’s conclusions will be fell between the two stools of
academic in the field, Dr Scott Arthur listened to carefully by practitioners Scottish Water and the Local
from Heriot-Watt University, many of on both sides of the border. The Authority roads department,
the 18-strong panel have been findings provide essential clues to “comments Collins. “A refusal to
closely involved in Scottish SuDS addressing the issue that SuDS not adopt a feature is leading to a ‘limbo’.
policy working groups. They only need to be designed correctly,
included representatives of the but also owned, operated and This raised concerns amongst
Scottish Environmental Protection maintained properly in the long term.” panellists that some householders
Agency (SEPA), the Scottish were being asked effectively to pay
Government and Scottish Water as Legislative drivers twice for their surface water drainage
well as consulting engineers, as they were burdened with estate
housebuilders and local authorities. The overwhelming majority of the maintenance charges, even though
151 practitioners who participated in they have already paid water
the survey believed that Scotland has company charges and council tax.
successfully implemented SuDS
Round Table Panel: since the implementation of the “The reasons why SuDS are being
Water Environment and Water left unadopted and unmaintained
• Dr Scott Arthur - Senior Lecturer / Director Services (Scotland) ACT (WEWS) 10 provides vital signposts for future
of Studies, Heriot-Watt University years ago. Most agree that a SuDS success, ” he added,
• Ron Jack, Walker Group (Scotland) Ltd framework of legislative drivers have highlighting three key reasons raised
• Doug Buchan, Scottish Water helped Scotland to make more
• Jane Shields, Living Water Ecosystems Ltd during the debate:
• John Millar, West Lothian Council effective progress with SuDS than
• Neil McLean, MWH England and Wales. • Poor SuDS design and
• Chris Pittner, WSP construction. The SuDS had not
• Phil Collins, Hydro International The survey questioned a broad range
• Brian Jones, Hydro International been designed or built to a standard
• Andrew Hemingway, SEPA of professionals involved in the that the adopting authority would
• Kenneth MacDougall, Envirocentre specification, design, delivery and accept.
• Andy Bogle, City of Edinburgh Council approval of SuDS in Scotland and
• Ged Mitchell, Bear Scotland many took the time to make detailed
• Drew Hill, Transport Scotland • Lack of funding for maintenance -
• Martin Findlay, Cala Homes East Ltd comments. Amongst those 77.8% of survey respondents felt
• Judith Tracey, Scottish Government represented were consulting there was inadequate funding for
engineers, developers, environment
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the adoption and maintenance of to the sediment and pollutant Scotland) would be welcome,
SuDS in Scotland removal performance required for a together with the development of
particular site,” adds Collins. other industry tools, such as Hydro’s
• Insufficient knowledge of and “A national asset register of own Treatment Selection Tool to
training for maintenance of SuDS proprietary SuDS features could assist with the design and costing of
features. quite easily be established based on both proprietary and natural SuDS.
information readily available from
manufacturers. This would counter
Limitations in SuDS Design concerns that underground systems Conclusion
can be ‘forgotten’, which was a key
In the survey, consulting engineers factor in SEPA’s reluctance to accept “Although the survey and round table
and developers particularly appeared them.” inevitably flagged opportunities for
frustrated by limited options to design further progress, the overall
from a wide SuDS toolbox. Only Most survey respondents, also experience in Scotland has been
about half (52%) of survey believed that proprietary SuDS positive and successful. The
respondents were satisfied that features either require the same challenge now is to take forward the
current regulation and guidance maintenance or are easier to lessons learned. They apply equally
gives practitioners freedom to specify maintain than natural SuDS features to the development of SuDS policy
from a full toolbox of both “natural” with less than a third (30.8%) and practice in England and Wales in
and manufactured /proprietary SuDS believing they are more difficult to the run-up to the expected
features. maintain. introduction of compulsory National
Standards for SuDS and the
During the debate, panellists argued establishment of Local Authority
that SuDS options in Scotland focus Whole-Life Costing SuDS Approval Bodies in April 2014,”
mainly on ponds and basins adds Collins.
designed as end of pipe systems. Accurately assessing the whole-life
There was a desire to expand SuDS costs of constructing and operating “CIRIA’s design guidance for
to incorporate more source control SuDS is an integral part of ensuring SuDS has strongly informed SuDS
features from a wider toolbox. One effective ownership and adoption, policy, regulation and design in
clear frustration was that currently moving forward. During the debate, Scotland. That guidance is
SEPA does not accept proprietary there was a broad consensus that currently under review and I
Downstream Defender® vortex more independent evidence of the strongly believe the outcome of
separators as a level of treatment, operating performance of installed the survey and the debate give
meaning they could not be counted SuDS would be extremely welcome powerful signposts to future
as part of the SUDS scheme, even if in informing future design guidance, measures that can ensure future
they were providing a treatment costing and design selection tools. success on both sides of the
benefit. In the survey, respondents border.”
overwhelmingly agreed that further
“A key point is that the term ‘level of developments of the SuDS for Roads For more information about the
treatment’ is not clearly defined. Whole Life Cost and Whole Life Round Table debate and to download
SuDS features would more usefully Carbon Toolkit from SCOTS (Society a copy of the survey report visit
be selected and specified according of Chief Officers of Transportation in www.engineeringnaturesway.co.uk.
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Despite January’s extreme weather and floods, the areas of any size between the house and any street -
Government has announced yet more delays in therefore not just front gardens. But it’s not just
implementing sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) for domestic drives that are affected. Similar measures
new projects, aimed at reducing further flooding, have applied to industrial, warehouse, office and shop
through the 2010 Flood and Water Management Act. premises in England since April 2010 and they are
However, SuDS experts have pointed out that being considered in Scotland as well.
impermeable surfaces on existing properties are
contributing to downstream flooding now. Planning All these measures rely on action now by local
measures are already in place to help address the planning authorities in prioritising enforcement to have
problem but local planning authorities need to prioritise a real impact on downstream flood prevention in the
enforcement. future.
Changes in Permitted Development rules have been in Of course, a small area of paving in isolation is not
place for some time to encourage permeable solutions going to cause major flooding – but it is the cumulative
for new or replacement paving around existing impact of lots of areas around homes and commercial
buildings, as part of the fight against flooding. Before properties being sealed up that creates real problems.
the changes, paving anywhere in a garden related to a For example, The Greater London Authority estimated
house or bungalow with any materials was considered that paving over front gardens for car parking that has
to be ‘permitted development’ – effectively, an already occurred in the city is equivalent to an area
automatic planning permission without needing a around 16 times the size of the new Olympic Park or
planning application. However, permitted development the size of 5,200 football pitches.
rights have been taken away from new or replacement
drives or other hard surfaces, unless permeable paving All the permitted development regulations refer to a
is used or water drains onto a permeable area within guide on permeable paving from the Department of
the property. Otherwise, planning permission will be Communities and Local Government and this, in turn,
required and this should be resisted on policy grounds. refers to Interpave’s website
www.paving.org.uk/domestic and its guidance
These measures took effect in October 2008 in document: ‘Paving for Rain: responsible rainwater
England and have applied from 30 September 2013 in management around the home – guidance for
Wales - in both cases applying to paving over 5m2 householders’. More guidance for property
(although just for replacement paving in Wales) and in professionals is available from ‘Permitted Paving’ which
the front garden only. For Scotland, similar measures can be downloaded from
apply to work initiated after 6th February 2012 and to www.paving.org.uk/commercial
36
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4 Wheel Drive Pumps Volute
Aggregates Radio Telemetry
Agrotextiles Rainwater Collection
Airbrick Covers Rainwater Drainage
Algae Treatment Rapidam
Anti-flood Doors Rapitank
“Here to serve the Aquatic Plant Data Sheets
Aquatic Plants
Arboricultural Works
Reclaimed Timbers
Recycled Lumber
Recycling
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Pollution Control Drain Jetting
Polymer Headwalls Drain Lining
Pontoons Drain Silt Removal
Portable Dams Dredging
Portable Pumps Dredging Boats
Property Protection Dredging Cutter Suction
Pump Hire Dredging Pumps
Pump Systems Dryers
Pumps Duct Sealing
Pumps Archimedes Earth Works
Pumps Axial Eel Pass
Pumps Fish Friendly Electrical Contractor
Pumps PTO Embankment Reinforcement
Pumps Submersible Emergency Pumps
River restoration
& management
www.managingwater.co.uk
River restoration & management
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River restoration & management
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River restoration & management
The Enhancement Scheme
Channel Narrowing
A variety of channel narrowing methods were employed to Before and after. Channel narrowing using faggot‐fronted berms infilled
with earth and seeded. The adjacent eroding bank has been reprofiled
repair erosion and increase flow diversity, many of which and provides the infill material.
utilised woody material generated on site.
Before
After
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In addition to faggots, ash logs were occasionally used to
front the berms. The image below shows a log‐fronted
berm infilled with earth and turfs.
Before
After
Flow Deflectors
Through some of the shallower, more gravelly, sections
offset log flow deflectors have been used to create
localised flow variation to increase bed scour and clean
and sort the gravel bed. All the deflectors point upstream
to reduce the potential for bank erosion.
After
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River restoration & management
sapwood hinge, and then bent horizontally along the Pool creation
bank to create a tangle of twigs and branches at and just Several pools were excavated in the stream bed and the
above the water level. Stakes and wire bindings were excavated material was deposited either immediately
used to secure the layered trees in position. In addition to upstream or adjacent to the excavation. The channel
narrowing the channel and flow deflection the branches narrowing created by the deposited bed material will
and twigs provide important refuges for juvenile fish and create scour and should ensure that the pools do not
invertebrates. suffer from siltation in the future.
Meander regrading
The channel forms a short series of very sharp,
deeply‐incised meanders in the lower part of the reach.
Here the gradient of the steeply sloping banks on the
inside of two meanders bends was reduced to reconnect
the river with its floodplain and prevent further incising.
Excavated soils were spread thinly at the top of the bank
and seeded.
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River restoration & management
River of Life
The River of Life project is creating 5 new backwaters As the site matures and develops, the River of Life
which will be in connection with the River Thames to project area will serve to complement the Little
provide important habitat for fish. Wittenham Wood SSSI (Site of Significant Scientific
Interest) and the Wittenham Clumps to create an area
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River restoration & management
wildflowers and plant 2.6 hectares of new wet woodland.
The Trust hopes to start this phase of the project next
spring, subject to funding. The final stage will see new
permissive footpaths and learning and engagement
features for people of all ages.
20
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Hatzic Lake
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PANOLIN ECLs
Environmentally Considerate Lubricants
focusing on the environment of fish in all types of inland
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two size classes, 0-15cm and 16cm plus. The pump was
tested at a duty of 1300 l/s at 1.5m head, running at speeds
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For further information please contact Lucy Ogden at: www.panolin.co.uk, Tel. +44 1423 522 911
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Submersible Pumps Bedford Pumps Ltd
Mixed Flow Bowl, Axial & Brooklands
Volute Types Woburn Road Industrial Estate
Fish Friendly Pumps Kempston, Beds
Siphon Breaker Valves MK42 7UH
Pump & System Design Tel: +44 (0) 1234 852071
Turnkey M & E projects Fax: +44 (0) 1234 856620
Installation & Commissioning sales@bedfordpumps.co.uk
Full Service & Spares www.bedfordpumps.co.uk
ISO 9001 Accredited
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TEL s WEB WWWWMPLANTHIRECOM
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content@managingwater.co.uk
River restoration & management
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www.managingwater.co.uk
River restoration & management
Summary of Salix Specialist Involvement
Pre-established coir pallets being installed on the new A number of Youtube videos show the overall scheme
wetland https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eE5_cXHZBHk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqS83aZy-78
2IVER $ULAIS DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT USING LIVE WILLOW ROOT
WADS REVETMENT TECHNIQUES
IN PLACE OF BLOCKSTONE
Aquaclear Contracting
Specialists in:
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4 Wheel Drive Pumps Submersible
Aggregates Pumps Volute
Agrotextiles Radio Telemetry
Airbrick Covers Rainwater Collection
Algae Treatment Rainwater Drainage
Anti-flood Doors Rapidam
“Here to serve the Aquatic Plant Data Sheets
Aquatic Plants
Arboricultural Works
Rapitank
Reclaimed Timbers
Recycled Lumber
Listing your company - Can you afford not to? Habitat Creation
Headwalls
Hedge Cutters
Airbrick Covers
Algae Treatment
Anti-flood Doors
High Pressure Jetting Aquatic Plant Data Sheets
Highway Drainage Aquatic Plants
Hydra CX Arboricultural Works
Product & Service Suppliers: Hydropwer
Inspection Chambers
Archimedean Screw Pump
Bank Retention
Insurance Biodegradable Oils
• We will promote your company, products & services Irrigation Bioengineering
• Full products/services listing with search terms and key words Jettys Blowers
Kaplan Turbine Boardwalks
• Full back-linking to your own web site (improves rankings) Lake Construction Boats
• We will promote your events and those you are attending Lake Restoration Bridges
Land Drainage Consultants Brushwood Mattresses
Land Drainage Contractors Cable Protection
Contractors & Consultants: Landscape Contractors
Linings
Catch Pits
CCTV Surveys
Lock Gates Channel Maintenance
• Promote your company on the site in the directory listings. Long Reach Excavator Chippers
• Areas of expertise and services provided Lubricants Automotive Civil Engineers
Lubricants Offshore And Marine Coir Mesh
• Geographical sorting Man Holes Coir Pallets
Mechanical Engineers Coir Rolls
Membranes Concrete
NAG Concrete Cloth
Our aim is simple - by promoting your products and services we will Non-Return Valves Concrete Pipes
forward relevant customers to you, whether, through links to your own Oil And Supplies
Panolin
Containment Booms
Contractors
website, or by direct contact. Penstocks Contractors Drainage
Permanent Barriers Contractors Dredging
Piling Countryside Management
Piling Concrete Culverts
Piling Plastic Damp Proofing
Piling Sheet Dams
Piling Timber Dams Coffer
Pipe Laying Contractor Data Collection
Pipes Dehumidifiers
Pipes, Drainage Pipes Ditch Cleaners
Pipes, Sewerage Pipes Door Barriers
www.fadsdirectory.com
Plant Hire Drain Covers
Pollution Control Drain Jetting
Polymer Headwalls Drain Lining
Pontoons Drain Silt Removal
Portable Dams Dredging
Portable Pumps Dredging Boats
Property Protection Dredging Cutter Suction
Pump Hire Dredging Pumps
Pump Systems Dryers
Pumps Duct Sealing
Pumps Archimedes
52 Pumps Axial
Earth Works
Eel Pass
www.fadsdirectory.com Pumps Fish Friendly Electrical Contractor
Pumps PTO Embankment Reinforcement