Eo: Chapter # 09 (Descriptive Question Answers) => EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN Describe the importance of education in the development of a country? Education is very important for the development of a country. All the d : IMPORTANCE OF EOUCATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY: . countries have a very high rate of literacy. The importance of education is on a > Means Of Evolution: Education is 2 means of evolution for the man kind, It j a’ to education and knowledge that man has reached the present age of és fe and technology passing, through many evolutionary stages. ‘Conquering The Force Of Nature: Education has helped man to conquer ch nature. Man is now exploring the space and other satellites by overcomin ce of nature, Understanding The ieclogy OFA Gy Education not only helps in aah ing the ideology of a nation but also suggests ways to strengthen this id a Developing Pat ti Education de pe pats among the people of a nation. It creates a sense of | cana Ne Rights And Duties Of Citizens: aye in understanding the rights and duties of citizens, By knowing them, pet heesiesn thal to tor ne welines sha progress of their countries. > beg Creative Abilities: ducation helps in developing creative abilities which cause constructive changes in the society. 7 Production Of Skilled People: A high standard of education producers more skilled people who work for the progress of the country.Eo: > Exploration Of Natural Resources: Education makes it possible to explore the natural resources of the country and to utilize them fully. Best Investment: Education is the best investment in human resources development. It is only through education that scientific and technological advancement can be made and the country can make fast progress. Highlight the important aspects of education as mentioned in the National Educational Policy 1998-2010? IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY 1998-2 ni: > Right Of Every Citizen: aN Every citizen of Pakistan will be able to get education as ny ight of every citizen. Eradication Of Illiteracy: By the year 2010, the enrolment of primary age-group (5-9) will be raised to 105% in order to eradicate illiteracy from the "al ‘Compulsory Primary Education: By 2004-5, a compulsory primary ateao act will be promulgated. Introduction Of Matric (Tech \) In addition to general educ ‘@ separate stream of matric (technical) will be started to promote vocational edu Expansion of cea ical & Scientific Knowledge: Technologi (Rrernine knowledge will be expended by introducing computer education as’ = ibject at secondary level and beyond. Aten Programme: training institutions will be fully used to train teachers. The curricula of s Education will be revised. ec Of Educational Foundations: Educational Foundations have been set up to provide financial assistance to the private sector for opening non-commercial educational institutions. Establishment Of District Education Authority: A district education authority will be set up in every district to ensure public participation in educational programs.Eo: Increasing The Budget For Education: The national budget for education will be increased from 2.2%to4% of the total national income. ” Up-Gradation Of Deeni Madari The quality of education in the Deeni Madaris (schools of Islamic Education) will be up- graded to bring them closer to modern schools. > Promotion Of Sports And Games: Sports and games will be promoted at all educational levels. Lt will Help'in preparing good sportsmen at the grass root level. ‘ ee What are the Political aspects of education? \ xX Education plays an important role in the politics of aco me of the political aspects of education are given as under: e Success Of Democracy: ? Education is the first condition for the ebajtoracon POLITICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION: ay a People’s Sharing In The Government Affaits: In democracy people share in the &Y he government by giving their opinion and political support. This is only possi n the masses are educated. We Vision of Problems: In developed countroe bere are 100% educated. They have vision of their problems. Cheating lca Leaders: In the devel countries, pa litical leaders cheat people because they are illiterate. Inthe di vélo ‘countries, people are not deceived by their political leaders. 'e promises to them. However, an educated person is never influenced by emotional , ism And False Promises: \ leaders in the developing countries give people emotional lectures and makes lectures and false promises of political leaders. > Role Of The Press: The role of the press becomes effective when the people of a country are educated. Education plays an important role in the formation of public opinion.Eo: Running The Affairs Of The Government: Illiterate or semiliterate political leaders cannot run the affairs of the government. It was due to semiliterate assembly members that the first constitution of Pakistan was made in 9 years after the independence. Accountability Of Political Leaders: In an educated society, the political leaders are accountable to people and to the law. While in an uneducated society, political leaders are free to do what they want. CONCLUSION: All the above points show that the political aspects of education are Very important. Democracy in Pakistan has not flourished owing to the high illiteracy rat pity that ‘our standard of education and our literacy rate both are going down day we are always in a political crisis for the same reason XN Mention the socio-cultural importance / aspects of educatio A * ‘SOcIO-CULTURAL IMPORTANCE/ASPECTS OF EDUCATION: My, Illiteracy is the main cause of all social evils. We ick to @ number of social and cultural traditions which are only due to lack of n, Some of the social and cultural traditions and practices which are prevaler society are given as under: ab 7 Rifle Shootings At Marriages: People shoot in the air from rifles of marriages. They do not take care of the timings of sleep or prayers nor daithey take care of the lives of people. People keep dying from time to time but the tradition or the custom persists, Quarrels On The Apr Of The Moon: People do not agree’on the appearance of the moon. It results in two or three Eids at a time \" r Use Of Drugs: The use"f drugs is more prevalent in the uneducated people. A drug addict becomes a pr not only for his family but also for the society in which he lives, ie incy In The Daily Affairs: eople’s dealings with each other can become decent only when they are educated, No decency in any matter can be thought of an illiterate person. Good Manners And Behaviour: The illiterate people show bad manners and behaviour. They abuse all the time. Their language, their manners, their behaviuor and their way of life is not compatible with good manners and behaviour. The more a person is educated, the more refined cultured, civilized and well mannered he is.Eo: > Appreciation Of Art, Poetry, Literature And Musi Only the educated people are able to appreciate, art, poetry, literature and good music The uneducated people tend to vulgarity in everything. They are a hazard to society. The illiterate people hamper the progress of a country. Thus illiteracy should be eradicated. What are the economic aspects of education? + Direct impact On The Economic Developme Education has direct impact on the economic development Hey purpose, the quality of education and the standard of “aw Ot 3: ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF EDUCATION: at ry. For this Improvement In The Industrial And Agriculture Sector: a The quality of Education and research improve the ind: ind Agriculture sector by applying new methods. It results in the increase 7h quantity and quality of industrial and agriculture product. Human Resources Utility: Developed countries have @ very hi V (98% - 100%). Half of the national income of USA and UK comes so vices of their experts in different human activities like banking, insurance, , trade, law etc, Human resources become productive due to the high = sducation. ty e Development Of The cons The development of ry is due to high education. A lack of education makes the development et a\country very slow, Investment in education is less than 3% which responsible ie w economic development. CONCLUSION? Education {Sidiféctly related to the economy of a country. People can make more money if che A .d and highly educated, Our poor economy is due to our low literacy rate. r factors also contribute to the well-being of economy, the education plays: _ important role in having a sound and strong economy, Describe the structure of formal education in Pakistan? : STRUCTURE OF FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM: The formal education system consists of educational institutions, textbooks, teachers, examination, certificates and degrees, The government controls the formal education system completely. The formal education of Pakistan is divided into the following stages or categories.Perl, Subject: Primary Stage: It is from class 1 to 5. It has a duration of 5 years. Children of 4-5 years take admission in class 1. Middle stage: It is from class 6 to 8. It has a duration of 3 years. Children who have passed the primary take admission in class 6. Secondary Stage: It is from class 9 to 10. It has a duration of 2 years. The secondary board issues SSC certificates on passing the secondary exam. hy) Higher Secondary Stage: ‘\ It is from class 11 to 12. It has a duration of two years. The higher Secondary board issues HSC certificate on passing the higher secondary exam. Degree Level a The student after the passing higher secondary exad ‘get admission in a collage for a degree course. It has a duration of 3 yearspow. However, in some parts of the country the duration for degree courses is still 2 University Level: a NV The students who have got their _ grees can take admission in a university 2 for the Masters education. Its dur years. Professional Education: = Professional education is gars education. Itis divided into the following: Diploma: \ Polytechnic coll id diploma courses in electrical, mechanical, automobile, civil engineering ani uter trades. SSC pass students take admission in diploma courses, fife te is issued after 3 years. , Engineering gree: fing colleges or universities give BE degrees to student passing HSC (pre ring group) in electrical, mechanical, chemical, electronic, mining, textile, Ne ‘oleum and computer science trades. The duration of 8.€ degree is 4- 5.years. Medical Degree: Medical colleges or universities give MBBS degrees to students passing HSC (pre- medical group). The duration of MBBS course is 5 years. + Agriculture Degree HSC pass students can do B.Sc. and M.Sc. in agriculture or agriculture engineering in an agriculture college or university. > Higher Education: After doing MA, MS, M.Sc, or M.Com, student can get Ph.D. degree in 4 years, 6|PaceEo: : What are the main components of the scheme of studies at various levels of education? : SCHEME OF STUDIES: The scheme of studies means the courses/syllabi prescribed at different levels of education. The scheme of studies is given as follows: > Primary Level: The subjects at the primary level are: Regional Languages, Urdu, Counting, Simple Arithmetic, Nature Study and Islamiyat. Middle Level: The subjects at the middle level are: Regional Languages, Urdu, |, Algebra, Geometry, Science, Social Studies, and Islamlyat. Secondary Level: \\ The subjects at the secondary level are: Urdu, English, ibe t, Pakistan Studies - compulsory subjects for all groups. Humanities group students study General Science and Mathematics as adcitional compulsory subjects and two optional subjects of their choice. Science students study Chemistry, my ‘ematics, Biology or Computer Science in adcition to compulsory arn ce Higher Secondary Level: Humanities, Science and sr mr \ Urdu, English, Istamiyat and Pakistan studies as compulsory subs. group students take three science subjects. Science group is further divid vr. engineering, pre-medical and general science Group. Humanities (Arts) sere take three optional arts subjects. Commerce group students take commeree subjects. Degree Level: Primary School Teacher: als Primary school teacher are SSC pass. The duration of primary school teachers training is ‘one year, They get, imary Teachers Certificate) on completing their training, + Middle Sch is the They are FA/E.SC. pass. They get CT (Certificate in Teaching) after completing one year e for boys and girls separately at all the district headquarters. se r CT training is provided by the Government Colleges of Elementary lary School Teachers: ey are BA/B.Sc. pass. They get B.Ed. (Bachelor of Education) degree after one year’s training. Government Colleges of Education for B.Ed. are at a few selected places in each province. Subject Specialists: ‘Those who want to specialize in any subject of education can do one year’s M.Ed. (Master of Education) degree course, This course is conducted either at government colleges of education or at the Institutes of Education in the universities. Teachers can also do M.Phil, or Ph.D. in education from the universities. Those who have got M.Ed. 8| PacePerl, Subject: of M.Phil. degrees can teach in the colleges of education, At the universities, Ph. Ds teach the teachers. Allama Iqbal University also trains teachers at all levels of education including PTC, CT, B.Ed., Etc. National Education Policy (1998-2010) stresses on modernizing the teachers training courses including the increase in the duration of training at all levels and better salaries for the teachers. Some problems in the teacher training programs are non- availability of qualified teaching faculty for the colleges of education, quality training programs, lack of quality material for training and lack of effective system of management and supervision. 4 I) White a note on textbook development? 9 Textaook DEVELOPMENT: \ e Textbooks determine the level of education, the level of teac \d the standard of the system of education. Development of textbooks is an|\eVolutionary process. New information is incorporated in the textbooks. That is the rea: that textbook are revised and updated after regular intervals of time. y is Textbooks set the standard of education A the progress and development of the country. Oh The government has established Textt ‘ds in all the four provinces of Pakistan. The subject specialists are appointed sxtbook boards. They continuously work to improve the textbooks writtemby the authors. The Curriculum Wing in the Ministry of Education further evaluate. ‘newts developed by the textbook boards. When the books have wth uated and approved by the government they become part of the mere and are taught in the educational institutions in the country. c system of examinations describing Its drawbacks and the remedies ations are held to test the ability of students at different levels of education. inations are usually held at the end of the academic sessions. Examinations also determine the standard of education of an educational institution and its teachers. At the school level, a regular system of examination is present for each class every year. The exams for 9th and 10th classes are held by the secondary boards. The exams for 11th and 12th classes are held by the higher secondary boards. There are several secondary and higher secondary boards in all the provinces in addition to the Federal Board. The students passing the secondary and higher secondary exams are issued certificates from the respective boards. 9| PacePerl, Subject: The universities hold exams with the cooperation of colleges in their jurisdiction and offer degrees to the successful candidates. DRAWBACKS OF THE EXAMINATION SYSTEM: Our examination system encourages selected study of the courses. The students, therefore, do not develop the habit of regular study. ‘The guess papers are available at the time of exams. The students do not study the whole year and depend on guess papers for passing their exams. The widespread cheating and other malpractice such as papers outing have ruined our education system. ee REMEDIES TO IMPROVE THE EXAMINATION SYSTEM: The number of short questions has been increased in the wr ers so that the students can make detailed study of their courses. \ > Astrict discipline in the examination system must be mai > Anentry test for admission has also been introduced. CONCLUSION: y e Our examination system must be oa transparent and free from all malprectices. The standard of ecucatgh fingt go up unless serious measures are taken to curb cheating and other malpre iin ‘our examinations. : Describe technical and vocational edi Pakistan and its importance? + IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL Ayeiloenons EDUCATION: Technical and vocational ion plays a very important role in today’s world. The government has made eaten efforts which show the importance of technical and vocational education: > Poly techni 1es have been set up at every district headquarter level. SSC pass ‘students take admission in poly technique colleges. A diploma is given to students after ae econ f three years course. nfhent of Pakistan has started Science Education Project to improve the ce mathematics, science and computer science. Around six million students are nefit from these courses. ha government has set up Ghulam Ishaque Khan Institute of Technology at Topi, chyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is the most modern institute of technical education in Pakistan. Its standard is based on international level. > A professional and vocational training institute and textile institute has been set up at Faisalabad. Textile experts are produced here. The government is spending a lot of funds for the improvement of technical and vocational institutions in the country. These institutions will produce skilled people. These skilled people will meke competitive products for the national and international markets.Eo: Q.13: What are the targets of higher education commission? Ans: TARGETS OF HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION: ‘The government established the Higher Education Commission on 14th August 2002. THE TARGETS OF HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION ARE GIVEN AS UNDER: r To increase higher education from 2.6% to 5% by the year 2005. > To Increase the enrolment of students from 100,000 to 200,000 by the year 2005. > To increase funds for higher education, from 0.39% to 1% of GDP by the year 2005. To shift students from Humanities to Science and Technology from tl to 50:50 by the year 2005. > To introduce Information Technology educatioi : What are the educational problems of Pakistan? EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN: > Attitude Of The Feudal Lords: The feudal lords discourage education. They do not want poor parents’ children to get education. They are afraid of losing the m qur in the rural areas. The feudal lords employ poor children on little wages, racy rate in the rural areas is still very low. Attitudes Of Politicians And High ‘The attitudes of politicians and hi ials are also similar to the attitudes of feudal lords, They also want to prever ple from getting education. If people are ‘educated, they will not be xeon people and get votes from them. Dropouts: The poverty of thé 3 is the main reason for the large dropouts of the students from schools. 85% children admit in the primary schools and hardly 56% complete the primary stage/level education. At the middle level/stage, a large majority of student# dfop out. e bsenteeism: imber of teachers remain absent from schools especially in the rural areas. vt re are ghost schools. There is a shortage of teachers in rural areas and villages. ‘eachers are irregular in their duties. The main reason is that there is no supervision of schools in remote areas. High Fees Of Private Educational Institutions: ‘The fees of private educational institutions are very high. While teachers are given low salaries and they are overworked. There is exploitation of education. Private schools are only concerned with making money and opening new branches and campuses.Eo: Shortage Of Physical Facilities: The majority of schools in villages have only one room. They do not have even boundaries, toilets, drinking water facilities and furniture. There are 25,000 primary schools which do not have buildings. Non-Availability Of Textbooks: Textbooks are very costly. Poor students cannot afford to buy them. Private schools prescribe very expensive books. Professional colleges prescribe foreign books which are very costly too. Accommodation For Students: ee Hostels are not available for students especially for the student EO) echnical and medical colleges. e . Political Interference: There is political interference in the administration, cational institutions ‘especially by the public representatives. They ignor Gh ‘the appointments of teachers. They transfer teachers and appoint teachers'on political grounds. ye Conctusion: 2 The problems of education are so large(Snd liyérse. There is no consistency in the educational policies. The truth is that ‘is sincere to promote education in the country. Q.15: Write a note on information tec! n° ‘Ans: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Information Technology {iT)\is an innovation in the field of telecommunication. Business administration has in 1d a new system of office management which is dominated by computers. “A The reason fOr this is that the systems of industry, trade and business, banking and insura ‘ecome very complex. ince given to IT. “omputer hardware and software are being prepared in the country. > Seven IT universities are being established, 5 in the public or government sector and 2 in the private sector. ‘Two IT universities “COMSATS” and “FAST” have started functioning. ‘The government has advised the formal universities to establish the departments of IT New departments of banking, hotel management, tourism and investment accounts have been opened in the universities. The most popular institute in these disciplines is, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). A large number of foreign companies are making investments in IT on alarge scale. 4 : ance of IT has been recognized in Pakistan. The following facts prove the 12 | PaceEo: Q16: Ans: ue) + Hundreds of IT institutes have also opened in the country. However, the important challenge in the IT in Pakistan is availability of experts in this field. > Due toIT, data can be transferred to thousands of kilometres through the internet. Individuals and institutions have developed their websites which provide the required information immediately. > Internet has become a source of quick means of transaction, imports and exports and getting research material sitting at home. ‘Write down the objectives of IT education in Pakistan? Obsectives OF IT EDUCATION: The objectives of IT education in Pakistan are given as follows: To modemize the educational system of Pakistan by I < information technology at all levels. > Toprovide access to research material and modern infor aw ough the internet. > To familiarize information technology among the chan all ages and to prepare them for the future. > To emphasize the varied roles of computers as a ‘tool in the classroom. To employ communication technology ae raining of teachers and other educational activities. CONCLUSION: Information technology has a brigl already heen extended to over 4g help of the private sector. » e We s ‘in Pakistan. Information technology has tional institutions including schools with the 13 | Pace