Eo: Chapter # 2 (Descriptive Question Answers) > MAKING OF PAKISTAN Q.1: Describe Shah Waliullah’s Revivalist Movement? ‘Ans: SHAH WALIULLAH’S REVIVALIST MOVEMENT: Introduction: Je He was born on February 21, 1703 and died on August 10, 1762. His mame was Shah Abdul Rahim, who was well known scholar and a religious leader, Shah Waliullah mastered the major branches of Islamic learning at the age of 15. Hé became the Shaikh of Madrassah Rahimiya in Debli at the age of 17. He was a great si ind reformer of the sub-continent. 8 BACKGROUND OF SHAH WALIULLAH’S MOVEMENT: The Muslims ruled the sub-continent for more thar|.oné thousand years acting upon the golden principles of Islam especially justic otey , they started deviating from these principles with time. Aura ngzaib Alamgit last pious emperor. He died in March 1707. The wave of religious and mors dation swept the Muslims of the sub- continent after his death. Shah Watiullah, analyzed the causes of the downfall of the ‘Mustims and concluded that it was dt increasing Influence of the non-Muslims so he started movement for the ey jslamic teachings and values, ROLE OF SHAH WALIULI EVIVALIST MOVEMENT: The key points of Shah Waliullah’s revivalist movement are as under: > Reawakeniny ims: The military strength of the Muslims had collapsed they were at the mercy of Jats, Marhatas and Sikhs. Shah Waliullah created awareness in the Muslims about the dangers of losing their status. He told the Musiims to abide by Islam. r Let the Muslim Rulers: He wrote letters to the Mughal emperor, the Nizam of Deccan, Rohila Sardar Hafizul Malik Najibuddula and the Afghan ruler Fr Shah Abdali to save the Muslims from the atrocities of the tribal might of Jats Marhatas. > rhe end of Marahata's might: Anmed Shah Abdali attacked india in 1761 and defeated Marhatas at the third battle of Panipat and crushed them. > Translation of the Holy Quran: To help the people understand the Quran, he translated the Quran into Persian first of all. Later his son Shah Abdul Aziz translated the Quran into Urdu. + Literary work on Islam: He wrote books on Hadith, Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqha), Tafseer (exegesis). His most famous work is ‘Hujjatul Baligha’. It tells us that Islam is a universal religion. It guarantees progress and prosperity to the whole mankind. 1|PaceEo: Q2: Describe the struggle of Syed Ahmed Shaheed in eliminating the social evils trom the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa? oR Write in detail about Syed Ahmed Shaheed’s Tahreek-e Mujahideen (the struggle of Freedom Fighters). : SYED AHMED SHAHEED BARELVE’S MOVEMENT: He was born in Rai Bareilley in 1786. He was much inclined to military training. Then he devoted himself to social services too. He received religious education from Shah ‘Walliullah’s son, Shah Abdul Aziz. He was martyred on May 6, 1831. ovement is known as Tahreek-e-Mujahideen (The Struggle of Freedom Fighters}. “ Aims AND OBjEcTIves OF TAHREEK-E-MUJAHIDEEN: yy + Topreach Tauheed (Unicity of God). \ + To revive Islamic teachings. a Toestablish an Islamic state in the sub-continent. a \ > Tosave the Muslims from non-Islamic values. U 7 To preach Jihad (Holy War) against evil forces. ® 2 ‘SYED AHMED SHAHEEDS STRUGGLE: i -, / Efforts To Eliminate Sikh Dominat see ‘And Khyber Pakhtun Khwa: ‘Syed Ahmed gathered troops by touri ferent areas around River Jamuna. He came to Syed Sibghatullah Shah (Pir Page i jindh for help who sent a strong contingent of his followers called ‘Hurs’ with jah Ismail Shaheed along with his thousand followers also joined him. tS “S Battle At Akora: Syed Ahmed Shel oes Nowshera (Khyber Pakhtun khwa) and made it his headquarter battle with Sikhs started on December 21, 1826 near Akora. The Sikhs were defeated. e > Battle fo: Tq ec battle was fought at Hazro in which Sikhs were again defeated. Na jiracies Against Syed Ahmed Shaheed: 3yed Ahmed’s movement was initially successful. Pathan tribes joined the Jihad movement and the number of mujahiddeens rose to 80,000. Syed Ahmed was given the status of Amir-ul-Mominin and Islamic laws were enforced in the areas under his control. Soon conspiracies were made against him. Maharaja Ranjit Singh bribed Sardar Yar Muhammad and his brother Sultan Muhammad Khan to plot against the Khilafat (Caliphate} of Syed Ahmed.Eo: Battle At Balakot: Syed Ahmed made Balzkot his headquarter. He wanted to end Sikh domination in Punjab. The final battle took place at Balakot. Syed Ahmed got martyrdom fighting with the Sikhs on May 6, 1831. Shah Ismail was also martyred. Thus Syed Ahmed Shaheed movement came to an end. He is appreciated even today. For his struggle for the revival of Islamic society in the subcontinent. Describe Haji Shariatullah Faraizi Movement? 4 Haut SHARIATULLAH: \w He was born in Faridpur, Bengal, in 1761. He went to Makkah and stay re for twenty years. He received religious education there. He returned to Benj He found his countrymen in a very bad state especially with reference to religion, Haut SAHRIATULLAH’S FARAIz! MOVEMENT: 0 He asked the Muslims to follow the injunctions (01 movement is called Faraizi movement. OBsectives OF FARAIZI MOVEMENT: + To Follow The Islamic Injuctions (Far: Haji Shariatullah advised the Muslis Islam, e.g. five time prayers, fasti 4 > To Eliminate Non-Islamic The Muslims were in non-Islamic customs and traditions due to the influence of Hindu majority in Haji Shariatullah tried to eliminate these customs through his movement, \) To Develop xs fidence In The Muslims: In the beginning Haji Shariatullah faced many obstacles and problems. However, bis jer ‘reated self- confidence among the Muslims and his movement spread x Bengal rotect The Rights Of Muslim Tenants: m tr Ni 1840, Haji Shariatullah died. His son, Muhammad Mohsin alias Dudu Mian became the leader of Far: Movement and made it more effective, He became a champion of the rights of Muslim tenants in Bengal who got rid of the persecutions of Hindu landlords. Effects Of Faraizi Movement: As a result of Faraizi Movement, the religious and moral condition of Bengali Muslims was improved a lot. The rights of Muslim tenants were protected to a great extant. The Bengali Muslims started refraining from non-Islamic traditions and customs. Thus 3| PaceEo: Faraizi movement was very successful. All the credit for the success of this movement oes to Haji Shariatullah and his son Mohsin Khan alias Dadu Mian. This movement put the Muslims on the right path of Islamic teachings. Q.4: Write down the objectives and achievements / salient features of Aligarh Movement? Ans: AUGARH MOVEMENT: The Muslims ruled over India for more than a thousand years. Then the British took power from them. They considered the Muslims their opponent and ener 1e Muslims became victims of the British after the War of Independence in 1857. 0 er hand the Hindus joined the British and made great progress. Sir Syed Ahi hee thought of OBsectives OF ALIGARH MOVEMENT: + General Awareness: Sir Syed Ahmed tried to create awareness in the busin ‘to accept the ground reality that they were being ruled by the British. He askedjthe Muslims to look at their present and plan for their future. c ) e, Establishing Goodwill With The oY He asked the Muslims to maintain relations with the British. He also tried to remove the misunderstandings ry ‘itish about the Muslims especially with reference to the cause of Indian nad 1857 also called the War of Independence. \e Motivation For Modern sie lge: He also asked the a seek knowledge and to learn English so that they could get higher educationand make progress. Non-Confroted Politics: He asked lims to refrain from indulging in politics until the relations between the Mi Rs 1d the British become good. He asked them to concentrate on getting nly at this moment. ed ov he OF ALIGARH MOVEMENT: jucational Services: sir 3yed Ahmed Khan believed that modern education was necessary for the progress of the Muslims. For this purpose, his services are given below. + Scientific Socie He set up a Scientific Society at Ghazipur in 1862 which was shifted to Aligarh later on. This society translated western books into Urdu.Eo: Establishment Of A School, College And University: He set up a school in Aligarh on the model of Cambridge University (England). This school was later upgraded to M.A.O. College. This college became a university finally called Aligarh Muslim University. Social Services: Friendly Relations With The British: He wrote “Causes of Indian Revolt” and “Loyal Muhammadans of India” to create good-will between the Muslims and the British. Favours For The Muslims: af: The Muslims got jobs, got back their confiscated properties and they ws luded ina number of programs for development. X : Outline the main features of the Two-Nation Theory? a : TWO-NATION THEORY: In the historical perspective of the sub-continent, lon theory means despite a common country the Hindus and the Muslims - parate nations. This theory is the basis of ideology of Pakistan. The following 4 moted the two-nation theory. > Sir Syed Ahmed Khan: He was the first Muslim ao oR term “Nation” for the Muslims of the sub- continent because of their oh i) \raiout entity, their distinct civilization, philosophy, culture, moral aes concept of economy. A - cust nam He said, “India is neither a country nor its inhabitants a nation. This is a sub-continent where manj ~ live. Among those, Hindus and Muslims are two important nations.” e Allama te id Iqbal: lahabad, Allama Iqbal demanded for a separate homeland for the Muslim In rovinces of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtun khwa, Sindh and Balochistan where they (epi practice sam, audhary Rehmat Ali: In 1934, Chaudhary Rehmat Ali named the Iqbal’s dream for a separated homeland as Pakistan. » Other Muslim Leaders: Jamaluddin Afghani, Abdul Halim Sharar, Ashraf Ali Thanvi and a number of other Muslim leaders also put forward the two-nation theory at various times after the War of Independence of 1857. 5|PaceEo: > Basis Of An Ideology Of Pakistan: The two-nation theory developed with the passage of time. In 1868, Sir Syed said openly that the Muslims and the Hindus were two different nations and they could not merge together. Later on, all the great Muslim leaders including Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam put forward the same theory. The two-nation theory provided the basis of the ideology of Pakistan. Pakistan came into being on the basis of this theory and got independence on August 14,1947 as the largest Muslim nation of the world. When and why was Muslim League established? What were the aims and o| the establishment of Muslim League? ) ESTABLISHMENT OF MUSLIM LEAGUE: eo Nawab Salimullah Khan of Dacca convened a meeting at the en, ual Muhammadan Educational Conference in Dacca in 1906. The meeting was by Nawab Wagar-ul- Mulk and attened by Muslim scholars like Maulana Muh All Johar, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Hakim Ajmal Khan and some other prominent leaders. They discussed the problems of the Muslims in general and the situation created by the Hindus after the partition of Bengal (1905). It was decided to set up. itical party to safeguard the rights of the Muslims of the sub-continent. juslim League was established on December 30, 1906 in Dacca. Aligarh wa: ;dquarter, Sir Agha Khan was elected its president and Syed Ali Hassan i its secretary general. Soon after its establishment, Muslim League becal t popular political party of the Muslims of =“ e AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TI BLISHMENT OF MUSLIM LEAGUE: y Establishment Of Frtgghaelations Between The Muslims And The British: To establish frien tions between the Muslims and the British and to remove misunderst: tween them was one of the main objectives of Muslim League. > Co-Ordin; th Other Nations: Anothi tive of Muslim League was to make Coordination with other nations and x Darties of the sub-continent, ction Of Muslims’ Rights: protect the rights of the Muslims with the co-operation of the government and other political parties was also an important objective of Muslim League. 7 A Platform For The Muslims: Muslim League provided a platform for the Muslims to struggle for their rights and to attained freedom from the British. It was necessary for the Muslims to have a political party for themselves as Congress had become the political party for the Hindus only.Eo: Describe the role of Muslim League in the Struggle for Pakistan? ROLE OF Mustim LEAGUE IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENC! Since its establishment in 1906, Muslim League became a platform for the Muslims of the subcontinent to struggle for their rights and to get freedom from the British. The role of ‘Muslim League in the struggle for independence is given as under. > Protection Of Muslim Rights: To safeguard the rights of the Muslims of the sub-continent, Muslim League showed a balanced attitude. On the one hand, it struggled to improve relations between the Muslims and the British government and on the other hand, it joined e Hindus to take the British out from the sub-continent. > Political Settlement With Congress: N Quaid-e-Aram joined Muslim League in 1913. It was due t forts that Muslim League and Congress made Lucknow Pact in 1916 in which Congress accepted a separate status forthe Muslims anda separate electorate (gf . Number Of Muslim Representati U The number of Muslim representatives in the Central Legislative Assembly was agreed to be one-third A, a a - Majority Representation In Punjab al Legislature: Muslim League got the maior iuslims in the legislatures of Punjab and Bengal. e Proportionate Represet i In the Muslim mi ity provinces, their representation in proportion to their population was cna 7 Creation Of. se It was sum efforts of Muslim League that Pakistan appeared on the map of the world largest Islamic country of the world on August 14, 1947. There was no pr of this sort in the history. All the credit to the making of Pakistan goes to u efforts of all the Muslim leaders of the sub-continent and the common lims of the subcontinent especially to the untiring efforts and great determination ‘Quaid-e-Azam who succeeded in fre ‘the Muslims of the sub-continent from the double yoke of the Hindus and the British. Quaid-e-Azam made the dream of Allama Iqbal for a separate state for the Muslims of the sub-continent come true.Eo: ; What were Quaid-e-Azam’s Fourteen Points? : QUAID-E-AZAM’S FOURTEEN POINTS: Quaid-e-Azam put forward his fourteen points in response to Nehru’s report in 1929 because it negated the separate electorate for the Muslims along with those clauses of the Lucknow Pact of 1916 between the Muslim League and the Congress which guaranteed the rights of the Muslims. These points are as under. > Federal Constitution: The future constitution should be federal along with provincial reac Uniform Autonomy: \ All the provinces should be granted a uniform autonomy. ” All the law making bodies (legislature) should have minorities. A majority should not be reduced to a min Wo \ representation of the Minority Representation In The Legislature: in any province. Muslim representation for central legislature: The Muslim representation in the centre scone should not be less than one-third. e-Aram demanded a separ: ‘ate for all communal groups including the Separate Electorate For The: ste ps: Muslims unless any group itself wished d joint electorate. \@e Preservation OF Musiim Majority: No territorial redist should affect the Muslim majority in Punjab, Bengal and Khyber Pakhtun kh) Religious Lit All the communities should be given religious liberty. assing A Bill In The Legislature: resolution should be passed without the consent of three-fourth of its esentatives. + Separation Of Sindh From Bombay. Sindh should be separated from Bombay presidency. Reforms For Balochistan And Khyber Paktun Khwa: Reforms should be made in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtun khwia like other provinces.Eo: Share Of The Muslims In Services: The Muslims should be given their due share in the services. Protection For The Muslim Culture: There should be constitutional safeguards for the protection of Musiim culture, e.g. religion, language, personal laws and traditions, ete. 7 Muslim Share In The Cabinet: The central or provincial cabinet should have at least one-third Muslim ministers. > Change In The Constitution: Q ~ The central legislature should make no change in the oe, | without the a concurrence of the federating states. : What are the responsibilities of citizens of an Ideological : RESPONSIBILITIES OF CiTIZeNs OF AN IDEOLOGICAL nor Pakistan is an ideological state. Its ideology is Islam. This country was made so that the Muslims could lead their lives les of Islam, This ideological state demands from its people the following, ities: ~ To Follow Teachings Of Islam: People should lead their lives act 6 the teachings of Islam. All the laws should also be Islamic, 5 . we To Struggle Of Democracy: People should stru ‘ave a democratic setup founded on the principles of Islam and not for a western democratic system, 7 To Be Patriot iva: Every citizen should be patriotic and loyal to Pakistan and ready to make any sacrifice for the his country. se os jone should try to earn the livelihood through honest means and refrain from -gal earnings. Law-Abiding: Everybody should follow the laws of the state and refrain from breaking the laws of the country. Participation In The Country's Progress: Every citizen should participate in such activities which contribute to the national progress, integrity, honor and solidarity of the country. 9 | PaceEo: > Behavior: Our behavior should be civilized and good. For making our behavior ideal, we should get education which builds good character. Hardworking: We should work hard for our progress and for the progress of our country. In this way, we will contribute to the welfare of our society. Fulfill Our Obligations: We should fulfill our obligations and do our duties honestly and diligently. ee Co-Operation With Others: a) uld be able to ‘We should be co-operative and ready to help others. In this way, we promote Muslim brotherhood. By performing our responsibil above lines we should be worthily calling the citizen of an ideological fe should love our country and carry out our duties to our country at all ont) a Q.10: Highlight the main points which make the chat Watterson a model for others? m OL Ans: QUAID-E-AZAM’S CHARACTER-A MODE! Aah: The main features of Quaid-e-Azam’s chi which make him a model for others are as follows: 0 ’ > Man Of Principles: ’ Quaic-e-azam was a man offprinétple. Everybody respected him for his principles. He never compromised on S. Wise Leader: = God bestowedion the Quaid great wisdom and intelligence; It was only due to the wise leadership of Quald-e-Azam that the Muslims of the sub-continent got Pakistan with the ballot notwith bullet. > Bri (Charming Personality: He had a charming personality as his manners were polished and his appearance pleasing. > Man Of Character: His character was flawless. Nobody could point a finger towards his character. His character was worthy of praise.Eo: 7 Strong Determination: He was a determined and resolute person. When he made a decision, he stood like a rock. Devoted To The Cause: He was devoted to the cause of the Muslims. He dedicated his life to get an independent country for the Muslims and God helped him in his cause. ‘Admirer Of The Youth: He considered the young generation an asset to Pakistan for the futuregHe loved them and appreciated them. ey) democratic system in Pakistan. He wanted to implement I: inciples in Pakistan. A Good Muslim: ) He was a good and true Muslim. He wanted to have an Islami mre ind an Islamic Quaid-e-Azam was a great leader. God bestowed on hi the qualities which are essential to become a great leader. His character had“all the good qualities of a true Muslim. He was hardworking, honest, man of principles, courageous, truthful, determined, dedicated and devoted to the ee the Muslims. Every citizen of J neral of Pakistan should follow his character. © jer e, CAS Q.11: Describe the role of Qu: “Azam as Gt G Ans: QUAID-E-AZAM’s ROLE AS. Govennohct: RAL OF PAKISTAN: Quaid-e-Azam met 2 number jenges just after the establishment of Pakistan. He Pakistan? tried to solve them with gr ge and determination. His role as a governor general is given as under: National Integrity: “NS Qa Aral national unity and integrity by visiting the whole Pakistan to develop national unity and he succeeded in it. e > Settle Refugees: Indl 6.5 million Muslims into Pakistan. Mostly they came from East Punjab. It phill task to look after them. Quaid-e-Azam set up a relief fund for them and #d Lahore in October 1947 to look into the problems of refugees. Pakistan made all Ngement for the refugees and made settlements for them. * Change In The Attitude Of Government Officers: Quaid-e-Azam asked the government officers to act as public servants and perform their duties without any discrimination. This advised helped to change their attitudes.Eo: > Negation To Provincial And Racial Discrimination: Quaid-e-Azam advised people to refrain from provincial and racial discrimination and asked them to be proud of being Pakistani. He withdrew the armed forces from ‘Waziristan giving them a message that they were also considered as Pakistanis. Determination Of Guiding Principles Of Pakistan’s Economy: On the inguguration ceremony of State Bank of Pakistan on July 1, 1948, he said that western economic system was not fit for Pakistan and called for introducing a new system based on Islam, Foreign Policy: Quaid-e-Aram tried to make Pakistan the member of UN. His foreign policy was based ‘on maintaining good relations with neighbours and Islamic countigse Advice To Students: \\ He appreciated student's efforts for getting Pakistan a d them to concentrate on studies only. + Dedication: v af erect Quaid-e-Azam worked day and night fan with dedication till his death on September 11, 1948,