Abstract

Agriculture is the primary occupation in our country for ages. But now due to migration of
people from rural to urban there is hindrance in agriculture. So to overcome this problem we go
for smart agriculture techniques using IoT. This project includes various features like GPS based
remote controlled monitoring, moisture & temperature sensing, intruders scaring, security, leaf
wetness and proper irrigation facilities. It makes use of wireless sensor networks for noting the
soil properties and environmental factors continuously. Various sensor nodes are deployed at
different locations in the farm. Controlling these parameters are through any remote device or
internet services and the operations are performed by interfacing sensors, Wi-Fi, camera with
microcontroller. This concept is created as a product and given to the farmer’s welfare.

Objectives
 Develop the IoT architecture for agriculture
 To collect real time data of agriculture production environment that provides easy access for
agricultural facilities such as alerts through Short Messaging Service (SMS) and advices on
weather pattern, crops etc.
 To improve the production of agriculture.
 To monitor the environment.

Outcomes
 Improved production
 Instant environment updates
 Generates reports

National Status

In India, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed an android based
app which collects real-time information to assess the damage to agricultural crop due to
hailstorm. This app aims to allow the farmers to process faster claims to insurance during crop
damage by accessing real-time data. It currently applies to rice and cotton crops in the states of
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Maharashtra.
International status

A forecast by the food and agriculture arm of the United Nations (FAO) says that the
food production worldwide should see a 70% increase by 2050 to cater the ever growing
population. And the experts believe that IoT could play a crucial role in meeting this need.
Combined with big data, it can do so by improving the efficient use of inputs like soil, fertilizers
and pesticides, monitoring the livestock, predicting diseases, scanning storage capacities like
water tanks, and making sure that crops are fed and watered well. It shows an overall potency to
increase the productivity with a reduced cost.

Libelium is one such company with an extensive experience in Smart Agriculture and
uses platforms like Waspmote Plug&Sense! which enables tracking of environmental parameters
such as farming, vineyards or greenhouses. It has been used successfully in projects like
increasing crop quality in tobacco and preventing pests in olives. With an applicability in
countries like Italy, Indonesia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Australia and others, it has been used for a
variety of crops.

Others such as Link Labs, Thingworx, have been providing IoT architectures to benefit
the agricultural industry. Using the IoT platforms for agriculture, it enables resourcing and
mapping, monitoring crops, climate and livestock

Methodology

The proposed model consists of a Microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560) as a main

processing unit for the entire system and all the sensors and devices can be connected with the
microcontroller. The sensors can be operated by the microcontroller to retrieve the data from
them and it processes the analysis with the sensor data and updates into the cloud through Wi-Fi
module connected to it. Here we are using Arduino mega 2560 because it is compatible with 3.3v
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module and it also contain more than one on chip UART’s so we can connect
more number of Serial devices. After successful completion of sensing, the data will be
processed and stored in database for future reference. After completing the analysis on data the
threshold values will be set for controlling purpose. By keeping the embedded devices in the
environment for monitoring enables self protection to the environment. To implement this need
to deploy the sensor devices in the environment for collecting the data and analysis. By
deploying sensor devices in the environment, we can bring the environment into real life i.e. it
can interact with other objects through the network. The sensors to cloud system with Internet of
Things (IoT) concept experimentally tested for monitoring four parameters. It also sent the
sensor parameters to the cloud. This data will be helpful for future analysis and it can be easily
shared to other end users.
Social relevance

The Internet of Things has truly enhanced many industries by providing data collection,
real-time insight and process automation through low cost sensors and IoT platform
implementation. As seen in the above benefits, the farming and agriculture industry overall can
really benefit from implementation of such an IoT solution or platform. Not only is a smart
agriculture solution the innovative farming method of today, it is the key solution to the growing
concern of the global population’s food consumption and environmental footprint.