Regional Plan of Action for

Disaster Risk Reduction

in Agriculture
2014-2018
Bicol Region, Philippines

February 2014
 i

Regional Plan of Action for

Disaster Risk Reduction
in Agriculture
2014-2018

Bicol Region, Philippines

February 2014
The designations employed and the presentations of material in this information product do
not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any
country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers,
whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or
recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of FAO.

ii
 FOREWORD

Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in the agri-fishery sector is one of the
key challenges faced by Department of Agriculture considering that most of the government
efforts in DRR as well as CCA (Climate Change Adaptation) are still focused in saving lives
rather than livelihoods.

Bicol Region, due to its geographic location, experiences about 20-22 tropical
storms/typhoons annually that trigger landslides and widespread flooding that results to
heavy losses in the agriculture industry. Thus, a proactive approach is essential to enhance
the capacities of the agency and partner institutions, specifically the Local Government Units
(LGUs), in planning and implementing sector specific researches, interventions and projects
to effectively reduce the impacts of different hazards affecting the primary livelihood of
Bicolanos.

The development of this Plan of Action, (PoA) in partnership with the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO), European Commission's
Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO), Bicol University (BU), Central Bicol State
University of Agriculture (CBSUA) and Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAGASA), builds upon the lessons learned from being frequently
affected by hydro-meteorological hazards, volcanic eruptions, pest and disease infestation.

This document takes into account the current gaps and issues on institutional
reforms in accordance to the directives of the Department of Agriculture (DA) which were
identified through the consultation workshops conducted under the different foreign-funded
projects that were focused on mainstreaming DRR/CCA in agriculture.

To sustain the benefits gained from previous projects and achieve the goals and
objectives of this proposal, the Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office - 5 (DA-RFO-
5) shall need the full support from the national government as well as the cooperation and
commitment from partner institutions, LGUs, civil society, and the private sector to become
responsive in providing the appropriate services to its clientele-farmers and fisherfolk.

iii
 Acknowledgement

The Plan of Action for disaster risk reduction in agriculture is an attempt to

systematically address the daunting challenge of increasing the livelihood resilience of
vulnerable households and communities in the Bicol Region. Preparation of this document
drew heavy input from the consultation dialogue with various stakeholders of the agriculture
sector in the region. Putting all these inputs into a Plan of Action was a challenging task as
it required the integration of ideas into one coherent document without sacrificing the
concerns of other stakeholders.

It would have been very difficult for the undersigned to prepare this Plan of Action if
not for the support of numerous individuals at the regional, provincial, and municipal levels
during the consultation process. The TCP/PHI/3203 and OSRO/RAS/201/EC Project
Management Office which also served as DA-RFU’s ad hoc climate change/disaster risk
reduction office was instrumental in facilitating the schedule for the conduct of
brainstorming and consultation dialogues all over the region. Special thanks are due to Dr.
Badz Gavino for facilitating the schedule and arranging the logistic support during the
consultation process; Gadz dela Torre for his encouragement and technical inputs; Potoy
Alvina for all the secondary documents/data shared and incisive thoughts; Cely Binoya for
providing some technical inputs during the revision of the document; and Bimboy Bañaria
for ensuring his safety while on the road.

The participants during the series of consultation dialogue - Provincial Agriculturists

and their Technical Staff, Provincial/Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Officers and their staffs, provincial and municipal Planning Officers, Municipal Agriculturists,
Agricultural Technicians, and other individuals - deserve special thanks for sharing their
thoughts and valuable experience in the crafting of this plan of action. The undersigned
wishes also to acknowledge the Technical Working Group of the OSRO/RAS/201/EC project
for their critiquing and technical input which enhanced the content of the plan of action.

Finally, the undersigned is greatly indebted to the Food and Agriculture Organization
for providing the opportunity to extend his frontier of knowledge. This is a new endeavor
for the undersigned which made the task doubly challenging. The undersigned owes his
gratitude to Dr. Stephan Baas for the trust and extra “push”, patience and guidance,
technical insight, and critiquing of the Plan of Action.

ARNULFO M. MASCARIÑAS
Disaster Risk Reduction Planning Facilitator
OSRO/RAS/201/EC

iv
 Executive Summary

Due to its geographic location, the Bicol Region is one of the most disaster-prone
areas in the Philippines. The region experiences about 20-22 tropical storms/typhoons
annual that trigger landslides, flashfloods, mudslides and widespread flooding causing heavy
damage and losses on the agriculture sector. The occurrence of climate-related natural
disasters is expected to further intensify due to climate change. Climate-related hazards are
likely to have serious and long lasting impact on agriculture and on the livelihoods of
vulnerable farmers. There is, therefore, a need to proactively deal with these hazards, thru
a regional Plan of Action (POA) for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in agriculture, in order to
mitigate their negative impacts on agriculture.

Preparation of the POA for DRR in agriculture for Bicol Region was guided by a
number of international and national frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework for Action
(HFA), the Climate Change Act 0f 2009, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of
2010, among others. The process was carried out as a participatory stakeholder dialogue
involving representatives from different agencies in the region thru brainstorming
sessions/workshops and field validation meetings. Existing materials related to DRR were
also reviewed to provide some background information.

The regional POA for DRR in agriculture is in line with the Philippines’ DRRM
framework and DRRM Act of 2010 and supports the implementation of the national DRRM
plan for 2010-2018 from a sectoral perspective. It flags key topics and suggests concrete
actions for DA to contribute to the overall implementation of the DRRM Act of 2010, focusing
at the sector and region specific situation and demands of Bicol Region. The POA is
expected to contribute to the operationalization on the ground, of the paradigm shift from
reactive to proactive DRRM wherein farmers and fisherfolks - men and women - have
increased their awareness, understanding and actions for DRRM with the impact of
increased resilience. Specifically, the POA shall (a) provide guidance on the translation of
national DRRM framework into concrete and operational action in the agricultural sector; (b)
identify the priority areas of action, key areas of support, and activities for mainstreaming
DRRM in agriculture; and (c) facilitate the systematic and coordinated delivery of
interventions for disaster risk reduction in agriculture.

The POA for DRR in agriculture is expected to achieve the following major
outcomes, namely: (a) Institutional and technical capacity for DRRM in agriculture, as well
as, policy frameworks and coordination mechanisms at regional and sub-regional levels
strengthened; (b) Assessment and monitoring of disaster risks and vulnerabilities, as well as,
early warning systems for proactive DRRM in agriculture enhanced at the provincial and
municipal levels; (c) Knowledge and database management and awareness raising on DRRM
in agriculture improved at the local level; (d) Disaster risks and underlying vulnerabilities in
local communities reduced through technical options and adoption of DRR good practices;
and (e) Capacities and procedures for effective disaster mitigation, prevention,
preparedness, response, and rehabilitation strengthened and integrated into community
based DRRM plans and initiatives in agriculture.

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 Acronym

AADMER - ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response

AMAD - Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Division
ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ATI - Agricultural Training Institute
BAS - Bureau of Agriculture Statistics
BDC - Barangay Development Council
BDRRMC - Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee
BFAR - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
CBA - Community Based Adaptation
CBDRM - Community Based Disaster Risk Management
CCA - Climate Change Adaptation
CSO - Civil Society Organization
DA - Department of Agriculture
DA-RFU V - Department of Agriculture Regional Field Unit V
DCC - Disaster Coordinating Council
DILG - Department of Interior and Local Government
DIPECHO - Directorate-General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection-ECHO
DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction
DRR for FNS - Disaster Risk Reduction for Food and Nutrition Security
DRM - Disaster Risk Management
DRRM - Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DRRMO - Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
EC - European Commission
ENSO - El Niño Southern Oscillation
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
FIDA - Fiber Industry Development Authority
GPOs - Good Practice Options
HFA - Hyogo Framework of Action
IRA - Internal Revenue Allotment
LDRRMC - Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
LDRRM Fund - Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
LDRRMO - Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
LGU - Local Government Unit
MGB - Mines and Geoscience Bureau
NCCAP - National Climate Change Action Plan
NDCC - National Disaster Coordinating Council
NDRRMC - National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
NDRRMF - National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework
NDRRM Fund - National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
NFA - National Food Authority
NEDA - National Economic and Development Authority
OCD - Office of Civil Defense
OMA - Office of the Municipal Agriculturist
OPA - Office of the Provincial Agriculturist
PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration
PAR - Philippine Areas of Responsibility
PCA - Philippine Coconut Authority

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PDP - Philippine Development Plan
PHI - Philippines
POA - Plan of Action
QRF - Quick Response Fund
RAFID - Regional Agriculture and Fisheries Information Division
RDCC - Regional Disaster Coordinating Council
RDRRMC - Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
RED - Regional Executive Director
ROS - Research Outreach Station
RTD - Regional Technical Director
SAFDZ - Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone
SNAP - Strategic National Action Plan
SUCs - State Universities and Colleges
TCP - Technical Cooperation Programme

vii
 Table of Content

Foreword iii
Acknowledgement iv
Executive Summary v
Acronym vi
Table of Contents viii
1
Background and Rationale
Profile of the Bicol Region 1
Main Hazards, Risks, and Disaster to be Addressed 2
Tropical Cyclones/Typhoons 2
Flood and Landslides/Erosion 3
Continuous Rains 4
El Niño/Drought 5
Pests and Disease Incidence 6
Volcanic Eruption 7
8
The Need for a Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture
9
Objectives and Expected Outcomes of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture

Key Policy Frameworks Relevant to the Formulation of the POA for DRRM in 10
Agriculture
10
International Policy Frameworks
Hyogo Framework of Action 2005-2015 10
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response 10
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) for Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Framework
Programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 11
National Policy Frameworks 11
Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729) and the National Climate Change Action 12
Plan
Strategic National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction 2009-2019 12
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 13
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan for 2011-2028 13
Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 15
15
Governance Structure and Resources for DRRM
17
Priority Framework for Action
Scope of the Plan of Action for DRRM in Agriculture 17
Guiding Principles for the Development and Implementation of the PoA 18
Structure of the POA 19
Priority Area 1: Strengthened Institutional and Technical Capacity for disaster risk
reduction and management in agriculture and enhanced policy frameworks and
coordination at regional and local levels 19
Priority Area 2: Enhanced application of climate information products and early
warning systems for proactive disaster risk reduction and management in
agriculture 20

viii
 Priority Area 3: Improved knowledge management, database and awareness raising
in support of disaster risk reduction in agriculture 20
Priority Area 4: Reducing climate related risks and underlying vulnerabilities thru
the use of technical options and integrating Community Based Adaptation (CBA)
and Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) approaches in
agriculture 21
Priority Area 5: Strengthened capacities and procedures for effective disaster
preparedness, response, and rehabilitation at all levels and integration of DRR
measures into response, recovery, and rehabilitation initiatives 22
23
Cross-Cutting Priorities
Capacity Development 23
Partnership/Linkage Development 23
Gender Equity 23

Institutional Arrangements and Mechanisms for Implementing the 23

POA for DRR
Existing Structure and Institutional Arrangements at the Regional and Local Levels 23
Proposed Institutional Arrangements for the Implementation of the POA for DRR in
Agriculture 25
Funding Mechanism 26
Coordination Mechanism 26
Monitoring and Evaluation 27
28
References

Annexes
Annex 1: Planning Matrix 2014-2018 30
Annex 2: Definitions of Important Terminology 40
Annex 3: Hyogo Framework of Action 43
Annex 4: Duties and Responsibilities of the LDRRMOs 44
Annex 5: Tropical Cyclones which Affected Areas in Bicol Region from 2003 to 2013 46
Annex 6: Institutional Environment at DA to Address DRR/CCA 49
Annex 7: Memorandum from DA Secretary on Mainstreaming Climate Change in the
DA Programs, Plans, and Budget 52
Annex 8: Output During the Consultation and Planning Workshop for the 55
Preparation of the Regional POA for DRR in Agriculture last October 31, 2013
Annex 9: List of Workshop Meetings and Participants 58

ix
x
I. Background
1. Profile of the Bicol Region

L
ocated in the southernmost
tip of the Luzon landmass,
the Bicol Region straddles
between 110 30’ to 140 20’ north latitude
and 1220 20’ to 1240 30’ east longitude.
Northwest, it is bounded by Quezon
province, east by the Pacific Ocean,
southeast by Samar Sea, and southwest
by Sibuyan Sea.

It has a total land area of

approximately 17,632.50 square
kilometers, comprising 5.9% of the
country’s total land area. The region is
politically subdivided into six provinces,
one chartered city, six component cities,
107 municipalities, and 3,471 barangays.
It has a total population of more than 5.6
million (as of 2010), with a population
growth rate of 1.2 % and a population
density of 5.24 people per hectare. Its
Figure 1. Map of the Bicol Region showing the six
economy is predominantly agriculture
provinces.
with more than 42% of the total
workforce deriving their living from agriculture.

The region’s topography is generally described as slightly undulating to rolling and

hilly to mountainous, with a number of plains stretching from the province of Camarines Sur
to Albay, making up the so-called Bicol River Basin and covering around 312,000 hectares.
Prominent elevations mark the landmass of Bicol Region, foremost of which is Mayon
Volcano in the province of Albay with an elevation of 2,462 meters above sea level. Other
volcanoes and mountains dominating the countryside are Mt. Malinao (1,548 meters), Mt.
Masaraga (337 meters), and Mt. Carburawan (473 meters) in Albay; Mt. Isarog (1,966
meters) and Mt. Iriga (1,143 meters) in Camarines Sur; and Bulusan Volcano (1,560 meters)
in Sorsogon. The region is also rich in marine resources found in the numerous bays and
gulfs such as Ragay Gulf, San Miguel Bay and Lagonoy Gulf outlining the coasts of
Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur; Albay Gulf and Sorsogon Bay in Albay and Sorsogon;
and Aliman Ilog and Nin Bays in Masbate.

The region has two pronounced seasons- dry and wet- and the normal average year-
round temperature falls between 27.4 0C to 29.6 0C. The prevailing types of climate in the
region are Type 2 and Type 4. Type 2 climate, which is characterized by a very pronounced
maximum rainfall (November-January) and no dry season is observed in the province of
Catanduanes, Sorsogon, eastern Albay, and eastern and northern Camarines Sur, and
Camarines Norte. Type 4 climate is characterized by evenly distributed rainfall throughout
the year with the exception of the occurrence of tropical cyclones in the vicinity which can
cause rainfall abnormalities. Areas in Bicol under this climate type include the western part
extending from Camarines Sur to the southwestern tip of Sorsogon. The region receives an

1
average rainfall of 3,013 millimeters and experiences 20-22 tropical cyclones/typhoons
yearly.

The region is a predominantly agricultural area. Based on the 1991 Census of

Agriculture, the farmlands of the region were utilized mostly for permanent crops, occupying
65.1% of the total farm area. Arable lands accounted for 30.9% of the total farm area.
This consists of temporary cropland (29.5%), lands temporary fallowed (0.3%), and lands
under temporary meadows (1.1%). Only 4% were used for other purposes such as
permanent meadows/pastures (2.8%), woodland and forestland (0.7%), and home lot, etc.
(0.5%). The Land Use Report of 2003, on the other hand, would show that a total of more
than 62,035 hectares are continuously in production year round although it only represents
7.0% of the total resources. A total of 536,225 hectares are planted to coconut, 116,064
hectares are planted to irrigated paddy rice, 63,628 hectares are planted to non-irrigated
paddy rice, 62,035 hectares for corn, while the remaining 109,355 hectares are pastureland.

With a predominantly agricultural economy, close to 50 percent of the region’s work

force are dependent on the industry. Report from the National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA) shows that agriculture contributes 32 percent of the region’s economic
output. It also accounts for 70 percent of all commodity outflows of the region. The major
agricultural commodities produced in the region are rice, corn, coconut, abaca, pineapple,
cassava, pili, livestock and poultry, and aquaculture and marine fisheries.

2. Main Hazards, Risks, and Disasters to be Addressed

The Bicol Region has one of the highest risk environments in the country due to its
geographic location and physical environment. With an economy that is largely dependent
on agriculture and fisheries and given the fact that it is exposed to a range of threats and
hazards, there is a pressing need to formulate a PoA for DRR in agriculture. The threats
being addressed by this plan of action are those that affect agriculture, namely, tropical
cyclones/typhoons, flood, continuous rain, landslide/soil erosion, saline water intrusion,
drought/long dry spell, and pests and disease incidence.

2.1. Tropical Cyclones/Typhoons

By far, tropical Table 1. Ten most intense typhoons which hit Bicol.
cyclones/storms are the most Category/Name (Local/Int’l) Inclusive Dates Highest Wind Speed
serious hazard to agriculture in (kph)
Bicol Region. Being in the STY Reming (Durian) Nov. 26-Dec 1, 2006 320
“typhoon highway”, mainland STY Rosing (Angela) Oct. 30-Nov. 4, 1995 260
STY Loleng (Babs) Oct. 15-24, 1998 250
Bicol and the island-province
TY Unsang (Ruby) Oct. 21-26, 1988 215
of Catanduanes would usually STY Dindo (Nida) May 13-19, 2004 185
experience the effects of TY Milenyo (Xangsane) Sep. 25-30, 2006 180
typhoons when they enter the TY Yoning (Skip) Nov. 03-12, 1988 175
Philippine Area of TY Monang (Lola) Dec. 02-07, 1993 170
Responsibility (PAR). TY Unding (Muifa) Nov. 14-21, 2004 130
Typhoons would usually hit TY Saling (Dan) Oct. 06-13, 1989 120
Source: Situational Assessment Report, CBSUA
Bicol Region during the later
part of the year, starting in September. The latter part of the year (October-December)
coincides with rice harvest season and early planting season in some parts of Bicol. Heavy
rainfall, flooding, and strong wind brought by these typhoons cause heavy damage and
losses to rice crop.

2
 Data from PAGASA
would show that 64 tropical
cyclones had directly affected
the Bicol Region between
2003 and 2013 which resulted
to thousands in human
casualty and heavy losses in
agriculture, infrastructures,
and private properties (see
Annex 5). The most intense
typhoon ever recorded that
battered Bicol Region and
other parts of Luzon was
super Typhoon Reming
(Durian) in 2006, with wind
speeds gusting up to 320 kph.
The super typhoon left at
least more than a thousand
dead and almost 3,000
injured. Damage to
agriculture and infrastructures
was valued at P 5.4 billion.
Reming’s heavy rains also
caused lahar deposit at the
slope of Mayon Volcano to roll
down burying houses up to
their rooftops in Legazpi City,
Daraga, and Guinobatan. Figure 2. Risk to typhoon map of the Philippines showing the relative location
of the Bicol Region (source: Manila Observatory and DENR).

2.2. Flood and Landslides/ Erosion

Some of the devastating floods and landslides in the region were triggered by
typhoons and continuous rains brought by tail-end of the cold front. The Bicol River Basin
which covers major rice areas in the provinces of Albay and Camarines Sur is the most flood
prone area in the region. It has a drainage area of about 3,156 sq. km., of which some
2,000 sq. km. are agricultural and the rest are forests, wetlands, rivers, and lakes. Through
the years, flood events had washed into the river system volcanic materials from Mt. Mayon
which caused the upstream bed level to rise. Settlements and livelihood, especially
agriculture, are threatened by extensive flooding and inundation. The low lying areas in the
Bicol River Basin are generally associated with deep prolonged flooding that destroys rice
and other crops. Urbanization and other human activities have accelerated flooding and
caused permanent loss of prime agricultural lands. Sedimentation and soil erosion further
aggravate flooding in the entire basin area including the rapid changes in the brackish water
and morphology of the estuaries and riparian landscapes of major rivers in the basin area.

From the geo-hazard studies conducted by the Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau
(MGB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), 26 municipalities
in Bicol Region were identified as high risk for flooding while another 14 towns are highly
vulnerable to landslides. Almost half of the municipalities of Camarines Sur were classified
as high risk areas for flooding while several municipalities/cities in the province of Albay,

3
Sorsogon, Camarines Norte, and Catanduanes are also considered as flood-prone.1 The
Bato-Baao area serves as catch basin of flood waters from Albay before it flows to Naga City
and San Fernando.

The Province of Catanduanes has been identified as the most landslide-prone in the
region, mainly because rock formations in the province are already old and cracked and
many of its mountains are covered with thick soil which erodes during heavy rains partially
due to the absence of tree covers. The cities of Ligao and Sorsogon were classified as
moderately prone to landslides.

2.3. Continuous Rains

Recent
events show 8 Years Average Monthly Rainfall (2001-2008)
that the annual 1,000.00

monsoon 900.00

season in the 800.00

country has 700.00

brought severe
Amount in mm.

600.00
flooding in 500.00
most areas. In 400.00
2011, most of 300.00
the disasters 200.00
that claimed
100.00
the lives of
-
people and JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
affected Max 445.63 850.50 380.60 377.20 597.55 487.28 581.00 955.55 832.15 683.58 763.63 924.08

properties and Min 150.85 31.55 94.60 43.55 92.35 118.83 180.95 191.50 151.60 201.55 280.23 222.40

livelihoods of
Figure 3. Monthly rainfall pattern in the provinces of Albay, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon.
the most
vulnerable were brought about by increased rainfall which caused massive flash flooding in
areas which do not normally experience such. Between January to September 2011, more
than 50 incidents of flash flooding and flooding and more than 30 landslides occurred,
mostly caused by increased rainfall and illegal logging.

Data from PAGASA would show that the province of Camarines Sur receives the
highest amount of rainfall between the months of October and December. Based on the 16-
year average monthly rainfall, November recorded the highest rainfall of 305.95 mm,
followed by October with 294 mm. The months of November and December are the rainiest
months for Albay and Sorsogon over a 35-year period. An average monthly rainfall of
515.60 mm and 539.20 mm were recorded in Albay and Sorsogon, respectively, for the
months of December. The month of November recorded an average rainfall of 478.70 mm
for Albay and 511.30 mm for Sorsogon.

1
High risk areas for flooding in the province of Camarines Sur are the towns of Baao, Bato, Bombon, Buhi,
Bula, Cabusao, Calabanga, Camaligan, Canaman, Gainza, Libmanan, Magarao, Milaor, Minalabac, Nabua, San
Fernando, including Iriga City. In the province of Albay, the municipalities of Oas, Polangui, and Libon are
classified as flood-prone areas together with the municipalities of Bato and Viga in Catanduanes, Juban in
Sorsogon, and Mercedez, Talisay and Vinzons in Camarines Norte. The cities of Legazpi, Tabaco and Naga
were classified as moderately susceptible to flooding. The cities of Legazpi, Tabaco and Naga were classified as
moderately susceptible to flooding.

4
 Heavy rainfall
during the last
quarter of the year
further intensifies
during the first
quarter of succeeding
year due to the tail-
end of the cold front.
Its effect is also felt
in coastal areas in the
form of coastal
flooding and saline
water intrusion that
destroy rice areas
nearby. Heavy
rainfall also makes
communities living
around Mt. Mayon
vulnerable to
secondary hazards
posed by volcanic
eruption. Lahar
deposits along the
slopes of Mt. Mayon
are carried
downstream during
heavy rainfall,
causing flooding and
destruction of
agricultural areas,
public infrastructures,
and private
properties. Figure 4. Risk to projected rainfall change map of the Philippines showing the relative
location of the Bicol Region (source: Manila Observatory and DENR).

2.4. El Niño/Drought

The climate of the Philippines is highly influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation
(ENSO). El Niño is a periodic climate risk which is associated with an increased chance of
drier conditions resulting to drought or long dry spell.

Since 1949, there have been 17 El Niño events based on the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration’s classification, many of which have brought adverse
soecioeconomic impacts in the Philippines. The Philippines previously experienced severe
drought due to El Niño in 1982-1983, 1992-1993, and 1997-1998. Damage to agriculture
during the period was estimated at P 700 million, P 4.1 billion, and P 4.6 billion,
respectively.

The latest El Niño phenomenon in the country occurred during the last quarter of
2009 and lasted until second quarter of 2010. Areas or regions with distinct wet and dry
seasons such as Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Nueva Ecija,
Pampanga, Bataan, Tarlac, Zambales, Cavite, Rizal, Occidental Mindoro, Palawan, Capiz,

5
Iloilo, Negros
Occidental, Misamis
Oriental, Zamboanga
City, Saranggani, and
South Cotabota, were
declared as “highly
vulnerable” to El Niño.
On the other hand,
only Sorsogon in Bicol
Region along with the
provinces of Abra,
Ifugao, Benguet,
Apayao, Isabela,
Quirino, Nueva
Viscaya, Batangas,
Laguna, Quezon,
Romblon, Aklan,
Antique, Bohol,
Zamboanga del Norte,
Bukidnon, Davao
Oriental, Davao del
Sur, and Davao City
were declared as
“moderately
vulnerable” to El Niño.

Although Bicol
Region was declared
as “moderately
vulnerable” to El Niño,
the DA-RFU V
estimated that about
20,721 hectares of rice Figure 5. Risk to El Niño map of the Philippines showing the relative location of the
Bicol Region (source: Manila Observatory and DENR).
areas and 15,210
hectares of corn areas were vulnerable areas or drought prone in Bicol. The damage
brought by the long dry spell to agriculture was estimated at P 492.17 million.

2.5. Pests and Disease Incidence

Aside from climate risks, pests and disease incidence also poses a serious hazard to
agriculture in the region. The DA-RFU V reported a total damage valued at P 3,818,084.66
in 2010 due to armyworm infestation. Crops affected were rice in the provinces of Albay
and Camarines Sur, corn in the provinces of Camarines Sur and Masbate, and High Value
Commercial Crops in the provinces of Albay and Camarines Sur.

In 2012, the DA had to brace also for rice grain bug (RGB) attack which was
identified by the Regional Crop Protection Center (RCPC) of DA-RFU VIII in Tacloban City as
Paromius longulus. The pest was found to be infesting rice panicles, from flowering stage to
milking stage, which results to unfilled or discolored grains that eventually reduces quality
and subsequently yield. The presence of RGB was first discovered in Bicol when it wreak
havoc on rice fields in Dimasalang, Masbate in 2011 then in Ragay, Camarines Sur during
the onset of summer in 2012. The RGB is very agile and can easily evade chemical spraying

6
by staying on the upper side or underneath the leaves. The insect also becomes active
when the monsoonal rains begin while warm weather, overcast skies and frequent drizzles
favor its population buildup. Rice farms in Bicol attacked by RBG were practically rendered
totally unproductive. It is estimated that approximately 100 hectares of rice crops in Ragay,
Camarines Sur and Dimasalang, Masbate, the extent of damaged of which was estimated at
50 to 70 percent.

The province of Sorsogon was placed under quarantine by the Department of

Agriculture among other 26 areas across the country in 2007 to prevent and control the
spread of coconut leaf beetle (Bronthispa Longissima Gestro). The coconut pest which is
also known as coconut hispine beetle, is an insect that feeds on the young leaves of
coconuts and other palm species. The larvae of Brontispa feeds on young leaves of
coconut, leaving it scorched in a ragged appearance, while the adults leave chewing marks
on the leaves. The damage that the pest causes impairs the physiological activity of the
leaves, which can lead to the death of the plants. Coconuts that are 4-5 years old are most
heavily attacked by this pest. The Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) reported that more
than 11,000 fruit-bearing and young coconut trees had been infected by coconut leaf beetle
in the province of Sorsogon. The infestation in Sorsogon topped those cases in the province
of Albay and Camarines Sur.

The fisheries sector was not also spared by pest infestation. In 2007, the city
government of Sorsogon sounded the worsening condition of Sorsogon Bay which has
affected more than 6,000 families after the Bureau of Aquatic and Fishery Resources
imposed a shellfish ban since September 2006 due to presence of red tide organism. The
ban resulted to a loss reaching P 70 million. The figure represented the losses incurred by
the fishermen as well as local businessmen who export shellfish products to Metro Manila
and abroad.

2.6. Volcanic Eruption

The Bicol Region has two active volcanoes, namely, Mt. Mayon (in Albay) and Mt.
Bulusan (in Sorsogon) and five dormant volcanoes. The presence of these two active
volcanoes poses a risk to the surrounding areas because of the hazards from volcanic
quakes, pyroclastic flow, ash fall, lava flows, and lahar flows. Their periodic eruptions had
resulted in human casualties, destruction of agricultural crops and production losses,
damage in rural infrastructures, and alteration of the physical landscape/environment of
surrounding areas.

Mt. Mayon is one of the prime hazards in the province of Albay due to its frequent
eruption resulting to human losses, heavy damage in agriculture, destruction of properties
and public infrastructures, and displacement of hundreds of households living around the
danger zone. With an elevation of 2,462 meters (8,077 ft) from the shore of Albay Gulf, Mt.
Mayon is geographically shared by the municipalities of Daraga, Camalig, Guinobatan,
Malilipot, Bacacay, and Sto. Domingo and the cities of Ligao, Tabaco, and Legazpi.
Practically most of the LGUs in the province of Albay are affected during its eruptions. The
most violent eruption of Mt. Mayon was recorded in 1814 when more than 1,200 people
were killed and devastated nearby towns and even neighboring provinces of Camarines Sur
and Sorsogon. Its eruption in 2005 resulted to an accumulation of millions of tons of lahar
and pyroclastic materials around crater and along the slope which swooped down at the
height of Typhoon Reming wrath that killed hundreds of lives, destroyed houses and private
properties, damaged public infrastructures, and covered hundreds of hectares of farmlands.
The huge lahar materials deposited along the slope of Mt. Mayon are being washed out
during heavy rains causing the siltation of river system and flooding in low-lying areas.
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 Mt. Bulusan is the southernmost volcano in Luzon Island that is situated in the
province of Sorsogon, 70 km southeast of Mt. Mayon in Albay. It is classified by
volcanologists as a stratovolcano (or a composite cone) and covers the northeast rim of
Irosin that was formed about 40,000 years ago. Mt. Bulusan has a peak elevation of 1,565
meters (5,135 ft) above sea level with a base diameter of 15 km. Located around the
mountain are four craters and four hot springs. Bulusan is generally known for its sudden
steam-driven or phreatic explosions. It has erupted 15 times since 1885 and is considered
as the 4th most active volcano in the Philippines after Mayon, Taal, and Kanlaon.

A total of 60 barangays in six municipalities (Barcelona, Bulusan, Casiguran, Gubat,

Irosin, and Juban) are covered by Bulusan Volcano hazard zone established by the
Philippines Volcanology and Seismology Institute (Phivolcs). These barangays lie within the
4-10 km radius from the volcano’s summit. The latest eruption of Bulusan Volcano was in
February 2011, sending steam and ash 500 meters above the crater. Heavy ash fall from
the explosion damaged some 20 hectares planted to rootcrops and vegetables such as bitter
gourd, eggplant, and string beans. Also at risk are coconut, abaca, and banana plantations
as the wind drifted southwest toward the agricultural towns of Irosin, Bulusan , and Matnog.
Early estimates place the damage to agriculture at more than P 3 million.

II. The Need for a Plan of Action for Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management in Agriculture
Due to its geographic location and physical environment, the Bicol Region is one of
the most disaster-prone areas in the country. Located in the eastern seaboard and facing
the Pacific Ocean where tropical cyclones emanate, the region experiences about 20-22
tropical storms/typhoons annually. These natural weather disturbances trigger landslides,
lashfloods, mudslides and widespread flooding, resulting in the destruction of and damage
to homes, public infrastructures, and agriculture sector and put the livelihoods of
vulnerable households at risk. Households who are highly dependent on agriculture usually
suffer the most because this sector is the most vulnerable to climate-related hazards.

Table 2. Estimated damage to agriculture in 2006-2011 of weather and climate-related disturbances in Bicol Region (in P).
Weather Date Commodities
Disturbances Rice Corn HVCC Livestock Fisheries
Typhoon Reming 11/25/2006 153,840,977.55 44,973,935.12 343,063,738.71 137,162,364.00 -
Typhoon Milenyo 9/00/2006 493,931,259.13 31,536,516.07 417,462,376.71 18,956,798.00 129,540,840.00
Typhoon Mina 44,030,816.04 - 135,208,817.53 878,765.00 -
Continuous rain due TECF 84,395,700.02 - - - -
Typhoon Frank 923,756.00 3,665,067.10 54,037,431.47 874,990.00 2,600,000.00
TD Crising and Dante 826,222,640.00 30,842,486.00 58,776,073.00 1,687,8760.00 22,602,850.00
Tropical Storm Feria 16,854,307.00 12,116,441.00 14,466,050.00 59,100.00 -
El Niño 435,320,066.39 49,376,286.23 7,747,783.82 178,000.00 -
Armyworm Infestation 3,650,803.07 165,781.59 1,500.00 - -
Continuous rain due TECF 67,764,940.44 4,396,964.06 7,903,893.57 1,561,650.00 -
Tropical Storm Bebeng 221,543,407.17 18,077,131.90 23,680,245.99 2,175,397.00 -
Source: DA-RFU V

Weather disturbances in Bicol Region often trigger disasters that affect agricultural
production and put a serious strain on the socioeconomic well-being of farmers in vulnerable
areas. Based on records of the Department of Agriculture (DA), the damage to agriculture
in Region V due to tropical depression/tropical storm/typhoon which affected Bicol Region is
estimated at P 3.26 billion from 2006 to 2011. Continuous rains brought by the tail-end of
the cold front also result to heavy damage to agriculture. The DA has estimated that the

8
damage to agriculture during the first quarter of 2010 and 2011 due to heavy rains was
approximately P 152.16 million. Aside from typhoons and continuous rains due to tail-end of
cold front, the Bicol Region has to contend also with the negative effects on agriculture of El
Niño and/or long dry spell. Records from the DA would show that total loss/damage in
agriculture in the Bicol Region in 2010 due to El Niño was valued at P 492.17 million.

The occurrence of climate-related natural disasters is expected to further intensify

due to climate change. Climate-related hazards are likely to have serious and long lasting
impact on agriculture and on the livelihoods of vulnerable farmers. There is, therefore, a
need to proactively deal with these hazards, thru a regional Plan of Action (POA) for Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) in agriculture, in order to mitigate their negative
impacts on agriculture.

III. Objectives and Expected Outcomes of

the POA for DRRM in Agriculture
The Philippines’ Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) framework
envisions a country which has “safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino
communities toward sustainable development”. The regional POA for DRRM in
Agriculture is in line with Philippines DRRM framework, the DRRM Act of 2010 and it
supports the implementation of the national DRRM Plan for 2011-2018 from a sectoral
perspective. Along these lines the POA flags key topics and suggests concrete actions for DA
to contribute to the overall implementation of the DRRM Act of 2010, focusing at the sector
and region specific situation and demands of Bicol Region. It is also envisioned to contribute
to the operationalization on the ground, of the paradigm shift from reactive to proactive
DRRM wherein farmers and fisherfolks - men and women - have increased their awareness,
understanding and actions for DRRM with the impact of increased resilience. The following
are the specific objectives of the POA for DRRM in agriculture:

(a) Provide guidance on the translation of national DRRM framework into concrete
and operational action in the agricultural sector;

(b) Identify the priority areas of action, key areas of support, and activities for
mainstreaming DRRM in agriculture; and

(c) Facilitate the systematic and coordinated delivery of interventions for disaster risk
reduction in agriculture.

With the foregoing objectives, and guided by the national DRRM framework and the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, adoption of the POA for DRR in
agriculture is expected to achieved the following major outcomes:

(a) Institutional and technical capacity for DRRM in agriculture, as well as, policy
frameworks and coordination mechanisms at regional and sub-regional levels
strengthened;

(b) Assessment and monitoring of disaster risks and vulnerabilities, as well as, early
warning systems for proactive DRRM in agriculture enhanced at the provincial
and municipal levels;

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 (c) Knowledge and database management and awareness raising on DRRM in
agriculture improved at the local level;

(d) Disaster risks and underlying vulnerabilities in local communities reduced through
technical options and adoption of DRR good practices; and

(e) Capacities and procedures for effective disaster mitigation, prevention,

preparedness, response, and rehabilitation strengthened and integrated into
Community Based DRRM plan and initiatives for agriculture.

IV. Key Policy Frameworks Relevant to the Formulation

of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture
There are a number of international and national policy frameworks that guided the
effort of the Philippine government in building the resilience of communities and in
enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities at various levels of governance.
These are also the same policy frameworks which became the basis in the formulation of the
POA for DRR in agriculture.

1. International Policy Frameworks

1.1. Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015 provides the main guidance at
international level for the Philippines’ DRRM approach and framework. The HFA is an action
plan agreed upon by 168 governments and international organizations, including the
Philippines, focused on building resilience to disasters for all nations. The overarching
objective of the HFA is to make the world safer against natural hazards. It has three
strategic goals, namely: (a) to integrate DRM in development policies, strategies and
planning; (b) to strengthen institutions responsible for DRM at all levels, and; (c) to build a
culture of disaster resilience in response and recovery operations. The HFA outlines five
priorities for action, which cover the main areas of DRR, namely:

(a) Ensure that DRR is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis
for implementation;

(b) Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning;

(c) Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all levels;

(d) Reduce the underlying risk factors; and

(e) Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all level.

1.2. ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency

Response

The ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response

(AADMER) is a regional legally-binding agreement that binds Association of South East Asian

10
Nations (ASEAN) member states together to promote regional cooperation and collaboration
in reducing disaster losses and intensifying joint emergency response to disasters in the
ASEAN region. AADMER is also ASEAN's affirmation of its commitment to HFA and it contains
provisions on disaster risk identification, monitoring and early warning, prevention and
mitigation, preparedness and response, rehabilitation, technical cooperation and research,
mechanisms for coordination, and simplified customs and immigration procedures.

The agreement has objectives to provide effective mechanisms to achieve substantial

reduction of disaster losses in lives and in the social, economic and environmental assets of
the Parties, and to jointly respond to disaster emergencies through concerted national
efforts and intensified regional and international cooperation. This should be pursued in the
overall context of sustainable development and in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement.

1.3. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) for Food and Nutrition Security (FNS)
Framework Programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations

The DRR for FNS Framework Programme builds on and supports the implementation
of the Hyogo Framework for Action to reduce disaster risks in the agricultural sector.
Although it did not directly influence the government’s effort of crafting its DRRM approach
and framework, the DRR for FNS Framework guided the more sectoral approach of
formulating DRR in agriculture. The Framework Programme has four thematic pillars and
cross-cutting priorities that contribute to the achievement of the five priorities of the Hyogo
Framework for Action.

Figure 6. The DRR for FNS framework of the FAO.

Pillar 1 seeks to support the enabling environment of member countries, with

appropriate legislation, policies and institutional frameworks for disaster risk reduction for
food and nutrition security in agriculture, livestock, fisheries/aquaculture, forestry and

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natural resource management, and to strengthen the institutional capacities to implement
them. Pillar 2 seeks to strengthen and harmonize food and nutrition security information
and early warning systems to better monitor the multiple threats and inform decision-
making in preparedness, response, policy, advocacy and programming. Pillar 3 addresses
the underlying risks to food and nutrition security and build the resilience of livelihoods
through the application of technologioes, pracrices and approaches in farming,
fisheries/aquaculture, forestry and natural resources management. Pillar 4 is about
strengthening capacities at all levels in preparedness to improve response to, and recovery
from, future threats to food and nutrition security, and to reduce their potential negative
impacts on livelihoods.

The DRR for FNS Framework Programme goes beyond the HFA in that it includes a
wider range of threats such as animal and plant pests and diseases, the volatility of food
prices, and others.

2. National Policy Frameworks

2.1. Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729) and the National Climate
Change Action Plan

The Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729) mainstreams climate change into
government policy formulation and establishes the framework strategy and program on
climate change. It also adopts the strategic goals to build national and local resilience to
climate change-related disasters and integrate disaster risk reduction into climate change
programs and initiatives. The law established the Climate Change Commission which is the
sole policymaking body of the government tasked to coordinate, monitor and evaluate the
programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change. The Climate
Change Act of 2009 called for the formulation of the National Climate Change Action Plan
(NCCAP) and mandated local government units (LGUs) to be “the frontline agencies in the
formulation, planning, and implementation of climate change action plans in their respective
areas” in accordance with the NCCAP and provisions of the Local Government Code.

The NCCAP outlines the agenda for climate change adaptation and mitigation for
2011-2038. Consistent with the provisions of the Climate Change Adaptation Framework,
the NCCAP’s ultimate goal is to “build the adaptive capacities of women and men in
their communities, increase the resilience of vulnerable sectors and natural
ecosystems to climate change and optimize mitigation opportunities towards
gender-responsive and rights-based sustainable development.” NCCAP pursues
seven strategic priorities within the 2 long-term objectives of adaptation and mitigation,
namely: (a) food security; (b) water efficiency; (c) ecosystem and environmental stability;
(d) human security; (e) climate-smart industries and services; (f) sustainable energy; and
(g) knowledge and capacity development.

Both the Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729) and the NCCAP recognize the
importance of DRRM and support its implementation as part of climate change adaptation.

2.2. Strategic National Action Plan on Disaster Risk

Reduction 2009-2019

As signatory to the HFA, the Philippines had to formulate an action plan, the
Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP), to implement the HFA. The SNAP is a statement of

12
commitment by governments to implement comprehensive DRR programme in their country
in accordance with their country’s requirement and capacity.

The SNAP was adopted on June 21, 2010, through Executive Order Number 888, as
a road map indicating the vision and strategic objectives on disaster risk reduction of the
country for the next 10 years. It was based on (a) an assessment of the disaster risks,
vulnerability, and capacity; (b) gap analysis that identifies and maps out significant on-going
initiatives; and (c) DRR activities based on the HFA that are considered by stakeholders as
achievable priorities for the country, with adequate relevant resources and capacity for
implementation over the next three to 10 years.

The SNAP for DRR was built on a set of assumptions, scenarios, and related
information up to the year 2019. Its development and implementation were based on two
guiding principles, namely: (1) DRR is directly linked to poverty alleviation and sustainable
development; and (2) DRR entails the participation of various stakeholders in order to
mainstream DRR in relevant sectors in the society. It is consistent with the global
commitment which aims to build the resilience of communities to disasters in order to
“reduce disaster losses in lives, in the social, economic and environmental assets
of communities and countries.” The SNAP paved the way for the Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 and was catalytic for the formulation of the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and the National Plan for
DRRM for 2011-2028 which have now superceded the SNAP.

2.3. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

Republic Act 10121 of 2010, otherwise known as the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010, transformed the Philippine’s Disaster Management
System from Disaster Relief and Response to Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(DRRM), which is a proactive approach rather than reactive. Interventions and programs
take into consideration the pre-disaster phase - knowing and mitigating the hazards in order
to lessen vulnerability of communities at risks. The primary consideration in this approach is
the development of policies and plans and the implementation of measures pertaining to all
aspects of disaster risk reduction, management and recovery, to include good governance,
risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, to reduce
underlying risk factors, and to prepare for effective response and early recovery. RA 10121
mandated the development of the National DRRM Framework upon which the National
DRRM Plan was based.

2.4. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and

the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan for
2011-2028

With the enactment of the DRRM Act of 2010 (RA 10121), the government
formulated the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF)
which was approved on June 16, 2011 by the executive committee of the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC). The framework is in conformity with
and captures the essence and priorities of Republic Act 10121. It envisions a country which
has “safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino communities toward
sustainable development.” The goal is to have a paradigm shift from reactive to
proactive DRRM wherein men and women have increased their awareness, and
understanding of DRRM with the end in view of increasing people’s resilience and
decreasing their vulnerabilities.

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 Figure 7. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework of the Philippines .

The NDRRMF emphasizes that through time, resources invested in disaster

prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and climate change adaptation will be more effective
towards attaining the goal of adaptive, disaster-resilient communities, and sustainable
development. Further, the framework shows that mitigating the potential impacts of
existing disaster and climate risks, preventing hazards and small emergencies from
becoming disasters, and being prepared for disasters, will substantially reduce loss of life
and damage to social, economic and environmental assets.

Formulation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

(NDRRMP) was guided by the NDRRM framework. The Plan highlights, among others, the
importance of mainstreaming DRRM and CCA in the development processes such as policy
formulation, socioeconomic development planning, budgeting and governance particularly in
the area of environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction,
land-use and urban planning and public infrastructure and housing among others.
Mainstreaming also puts to forth the need to develop common tools to analyze the various
hazards and vulnerability factors which put our communities and people into harms way.

The NDRRMP also highlights the need for institutionalizing DRRM policies, structures,
coordination mechanisms and programs with continuing budget appropriation on DRR from
national down to local levels. Through permanent mechanisms, competency and science-
based capacity building activities can be done, alongside the nurturing of continuous
learning through knowledge development and management of good DRRM practices on the
ground. The NDRRM Plan has four distinct yet mutually reinforcing priority areas, namely,
(a) disaster prevention and mitigation; (b) disaster preparedness; (c) disaster response; and
(d) disaster recovery and rehabilitation.

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 2.5. Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016

The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2011-2016 is the overall development

roadmap of the country. It translates the country’s development agenda - “Social Contract
with the Filipino People” - into priority actions and projects. The PDP has identified
DRRM and CCA as main cross-cutting concerns. As such, these have been integrated into
the different sectors and sub-sectors using various strategies in order to address the
underlying causes of people’s vulnerabilities and contribute to the reduction of people’s risks
to disasters.

V. Governance Structure and Resource Allocation

for DRRM
With the enactment of RA 10121, otherwise known as “An Act Strengthening the
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other
Purposes”, the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) was replaced by the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC). The NDRRMC has the overall
responsibility of approving the NDRRMP and ensuring it is consistent with the NDRRMF. It
also has the main responsibility of monitoring the development and enforcement by
agencies and organizations of the various laws, guidelines, codes or technical standards
required by this Act; managing and mobilizing resources for DRRM, including the National
DRRM Fund (NDRRMF); monitoring and providing the necessary guidelines and procedures
on the Local DRRM Fund (LDRRMF) releases as well as utilization, accounting and auditing
thereof. The NDRRMC is headed by the Secretary of the Department of National Defense,
with the Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) as Vice
Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness, the Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response, the Secretary of the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation, and the Director-General of the National Economic Development Authority
(NEDA) as Vice-Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery.

As prescribed in RA 10121, the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) has the primary mission
of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and
management program by providing leadership in the continuous development of strategic
and systematic approaches as well as measures to reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to
hazards and manage the consequences of disasters. The Administrator of the OCD serves
as Executive Director of the National Council and, as such, has the same duties and
privileges of a department undersecretary. The National Council utilizes the services and
facilities of the OCD as the secretariat of the National Council.

At the regional level, the Regional Disaster Coordinating Council (RDCC) is now
known as the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) which
coordinates, integrates, supervises, and evaluates the activities of Local Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMCs). The RDRRMC is responsible for ensuring
disaster sensitive regional development plans, and in case of emergencies shall convene the
different regional line agencies and concerned institutions and authorities. The Regional
Director of the OCD serves as Chairperson of the RDRRMC while the Regional Directors of
DSWD, DILG, DOST, and NEDA serve as chairpersons of the RDRRMC. The existing regional

15
office of the OCD serves as secretariat of the RDRRMC which is composed of the executives
of the regional offices and field stations at the regional level of government agencies.

The existing provincial, city, and municipal Disaster Coordinating Council (DCC) is
now known as provincial, city, and municipal DRRMC. Under RA 10121, the barangay DCC
ceases to exist and its power and functions are now assumed by the Barangay Development
Council which shall serve as the LDRRMC in the barangay. The LDRRMC has the following
functions: (1) approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the LDRRMPs and
regularly review and test the plan consistent with other national and local planning
programs; (2) ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change
adaptation into local development plans, programs and budgets as a strategy in sustainable
development and poverty reduction; (3) recommend the implementation of forced or
preemptive evacuation of local residents, if necessary; and (4) convene the local council
once every three months or as necessary.

The law provides that a Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(LDRRMO) be established in every province, city, and municipality, and a Barangay Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) in every barangay which shall be
responsible for setting the direction, development, implementation, and coordination of
disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction. The LDRRMO is
under the office of the local chief executive of the province, city, or municipality and
Barangay Chairman in the case of BDRRMC. The LDRRMO is composed of a Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Officer (DRRMO) and assisted by three (3) staff responsible for:
(a) administrative and training; (b) research and planning; and (c) operations and warning.
The LDRRMO and the BDRRMC shall organize, train and directly supervise the local
emergency response teams and the accredited community disaster volunteers (ACDVs). The
LDRRMO is the key body responsible for the coordination and implementation of DRRM work
at decentralized level. It has a wide range of clearly defined responsibilities as shown in
Annex 4.

The BDRRMC shall be a regular committee of the existing BDC and shall be subject
thereto. The Punong Barangay shall facilitate and ensure the participation of at least two (2)
CSO representatives from existing and active community-based people’s organizations
representing the most vulnerable and marginalized groups in the barangay.

To finance the various activities for DRRM, a National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Fund (NDRRM Fund) has been appropriated under the annual General
Appropriations Act. The NDRRM Fund shall be used for disaster risk reduction or mitigation,
prevention and preparedness activities such as but not limited to training of personnel,
procurement of equipment, and capital expenditures. It can also be utilized for relief,
recovery, reconstruction and other work or services in connection with natural or human-
induced calamities which may occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the
past two (2) years from the budget year. The specific amount of the NDRRM Fund and the
appropriate recipient agencies and/or LGUs shall be determined upon approval of the
President of the Philippines in accordance with the favorable recommendation of the
NDRRMC.

Of the amount appropriated for NDRRM Fund, the law provides that 30% shall be
allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs
in order that situation and living conditions of people in communities or areas stricken by
disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as
possible. All departments/agencies and LGUs that are allocated with DRRM fund must

16
submit to the NDRRMC their monthly statements on the utilization of DRRM funds and make
an accounting thereof in accordance with existing accounting and auditing rules. All
departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the Government are also authorized to use a
portion of their appropriations to implement projects designed to address DRRM activities in
accordance with the guidelines to be issued by the NDRRMC in coordination with the DBM.

It should be noted that the LGUs had their own Local Calamity Fund prior to the
enactment of RA 10121. The Local Calamity Fund will now be known as Local Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRM Fund). The law stipulates that not less than five
percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set aside as the
LDRRMF to support disaster risk management activities such as, but not limited to, pre-
disaster preparedness programs including training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment,
supplies and medicines, for post-disaster activities, and for the payment of premiums on
calamity insurance. The LDRRMC shall monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of
LDRRMF based on the LDRRMP as incorporated in the local development plans and annual
work and financial plan. Upon the recommendation of the LDRRMO and approval of the
sanggunian concerned, the LDRRMC may transfer the said fund to support disaster risk
reduction work of other LDRRMCs which are declared under state of calamity.

Of the amount appropriated for LDRRMF, 70% shall be allocated for mitigation,
prevention and preparedness activities while the 30% shall be allocated as Quick Response
Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in order that situation and
living conditions of people in communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities,
epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible. Unexpended
LDRRMF shall accrue to a special trust fund solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk
reduction and management activities of the LDRRMCs within the next five (5) years. If such
amount is still not fully utilized after five (5) years, it shall revert back to the general fund
and will be available for other social services to be identified by the local sanggunian.

VI. Priority Framework for Action

This Plan of Action for DRRM in agriculture contributes a sector specific perspective
and activities to the overarching national policies and plans for disaster risk reduction and
management coordinated by NDRRMC. It is guided by the main areas of action outlined in
the Hyogo Framework for Action and provides the roadmap for proactively responding to the
impacts of natural disasters and builds on the salient provisions of the NDRRM Framework.
Concrete measures and approaches are consolidated in the plan to assist agriculture to
better prevent, mitigate, and cope with the impacts of natural disasters and climate change
on agriculture.

1. Scope of the Plan of Action for DRRM in Agriculture

The plan covers a five-year (2014-2018) planning horizon and all hazard prone
areas in Bicol Region, where agriculture has become a risky undertaking and farming
communities have become increasingly vulnerable to disaster impacts. More specifically, the
plan will:

 Facilitate the systematic, strategic coordination and delivery of interventions for

disaster risk reduction in agriculture, in line with the national commitment to
implement the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) for DRR;

17
  Complement and build on the already existing mandates and responsibilities of DA
in the context of disaster response management and recovery; it will not replace
these already existing mandates for emergency response, but ensure better
linkages to them from of enhanced planning of preparedness to response;

 Contribute to creating synergies between interventions related to disaster risk

reduction and climate change adaptation. The rationale is that the short term
climate change impacts are likely to be mainly felt through more frequent and
intense hydro-meteorological hazards and that most measures applied in the
current contexts of DRR and CCA are identical. However, the plan does not aim to
explore all interventions that would be needed to holistically address climate
change adaptation in the sector.

 Outline main action areas for a five year period (2014-2018). Given DA’s financial
and technical resource limitations, the need to prioritize interventions is reflected in
the document; indicators, key deliverables and time lines for implementation are
provided.

 Establish higher commitment for enhanced DRRM among stakeholders in

agriculture.

It is envisaged that the activities outlined by this plan will be included during next
planning cycles into DA RFU 5 overall agricultural development planning. It is hoped that
this sectoral plan for DRRM for Bicol, is considered as pilot within the national agriculture
sector context and that it may also serve as model and catalyst for the development for
DRRM plans in other sectors.

2. Guiding Principles for the Development and Implementation of the POA

The development of this POA was built on the following key principles which
correspond to the guiding principles of National DRRM Policies, the National Climate Change
Policies, and National Agricultural Policies, including to:

 Integrate and link DRRM and CCA into sustainable agricultural development
planning.

 Ensure consistency, continuity and close coordination between preventive

measures for DRR and emergency response planning and recovery.

 Use a results-based planning approach.

 Ensure full participation of key stakeholders including governmental,

nongovernmental and community-based organizations and private sector in the
design and delivery of the plan.

 Recognize DRRM as an investment in sustainable agricultural development.

 Ensure linkages between economic and environmental resilience, DRRM and CCA.

 Use existing knowledge and capacities as the foundation to build on.

18
  Define agricultural communities as the ultimate beneficiaries of government
involvement and contribution to DRRM
.
3. Structure of the POA

The POA is structured in five priority action areas that seek to promote strong
institutional mechanisms and good practices for implementing disk risk reduction in
agriculture at various levels including adaptation to climate change. These priority action
areas are as follows:

 Strengthened institutional and technical capacities for disaster risk reduction and
management in agriculture and enhanced policy frameworks and coordination at
regional and local levels

 Enhanced provision of and access to climate information products and early

warning systems for pro-active disaster risk reduction and management in
agriculture

 Improved knowledge management, and awareness raising in support of disaster

risk reduction in agriculture

 Reduced underlying vulnerabilities thru the promotion of technical options and

integrated approaches for Community Based Adaptation (CBA) and Community
Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) in agriculture

 Strengthened capacities and procedures for effective disaster preparedness,

response, and rehabilitation at all levels and integration of climate change
adaptation into response, recovery, and rehabilitation initiatives

Priority Area 1: Strengthened institutional and technical capacities for disaster

risk reduction and management in agriculture and enhance policy
frameworks and coordination at regional and local levels.

Objective: Ensure efficient institutional mechanisms within the agriculture sector at the
regional and local levels to address disaster risk reduction and management activities and
enhancing coordination with other agencies.

Gaps to be Addressed: At present, enabling policies are in place for disaster risk
reduction but yet to be translated and adapted to the specific needs of the agriculture
sector. A draft operational protocol on disaster risk reduction and management for
agriculture has been prepared by the Department of Agriculture but there is a need to
operationalize it at the regional and local/ground level to make it more context- and site-
specific considering the national scope of the manual. Capacity for DRR in agriculture has to
be enhanced and expanded to ensure its mainstreaming at various levels of the agriculture
sector.

Strategy: Strengthening institutional and technical capacities and mainstreaming disaster

risk reduction and management in agriculture, food security policies, strategies and plans at
various levels, including links to climate change adaptation.

1.1. Strengthen capacity within the DA-RFU V to effectively contribute in the

delivery of DRRM related tasks in agriculture in the region.

19
 1.2. Strengthen the technical capacity of provincial and municipal agriculture
services on DRRM.

1.3. Mainstream DRRM into existing agriculture and food security policies, plans and
strategies at the regional, provincial, and municipal levels.

1.4. Strengthen linkage with state universities and colleges and research institutions
in the region in the conduct of research and development undertakings on
climate change adaptation and DRR in agriculture.

1.5. Enhanced coordination with DRRM units at all levels.

Priority Area 2: Enhanced provision of and access to climate information products

and early warning systems for proactive disaster risk reduction and
management in agriculture.

Objective: Improve services for and the knowledge of local communities and access and
use climate information and early warning messages tailored to the needs of farmers.

Gaps to be Addressed: PAGASA regularly issues different early warning products, of

which six cater to the agriculture sector. These products include tropical cyclone warnings,
flood warnings, gale warnings issued twice a day, El Niño/La Niña advisories (updated
monthly), monthly weather forecasts, and 10-day weather forecast. There are, however,
two challenges concerning PAGASA’s weather information and early warning messages,
namely, improved access and timeliness of delivery and relevance/usefulness to farmers.
The TCP/PHI/3203 project has proposed a simplified procedure of disseminating weather
information. There is a need to train technical staff at various levels on the use of weather
information for application to agriculture.

Strategy: Enhance capacities at various levels to analyze climate information, early warning
messages, and climate impact in the agriculture sector and improve dissemination down to
the community level.

1.1. Strengthen the capacity of DA-RFU V in providing climate outlook and farm
weather bulletin/advisories as part of the existing routine early warning system
for agriculture sector.

1.2. Enhance the capacity of provincial and municipal LGUs to apply climate and
weather information products and early warning systems in agriculture.

Priority Area 3: Improved knowledge management and awareness raising in

support of disaster risk reduction in agriculture.

Objective: More systematic collection and use of data and information to promote
knowledge and enhance awareness about the impacts of climate variability and change, and
to improve capacity for disaster risk reduction in agriculture.

Gaps to be Addressed: The DA-RFU V has implemented a number of projects related to

climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction for the past five years (e.g.
TCP/PHI/3203 and AMICAF). These projects had developed methodologies/approaches and
good practices which can be used to improve operational skills needed at various
institutional levels (e.g. DA-RFU V, LGU, and local communities) to implement disaster risk

20
reduction and climate change adaptation in agriculture. There is, however, a great need to
enhance awareness among stakeholders and to build their knowledge on the available
approaches/methodologies to enhance their capacities for disaster risk reduction and
management in agriculture.

Strategy: Knowledge management, information dissemination and awareness raising on

disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in agriculture.

1.1. Design and application of awareness creation strategy for climate change
adaptation and disaster risk reduction in agriculture at the regional, LGU, and
local community levels.

1.2. Enhance knowledge base on innovations and good practices for climate change
adaptation and disaster risk reduction in agriculture.

1.3. Mobilize local communities and farmer groups/associations for showcasing

climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction interventions in
agriculture.

1.4. Knowledge sharing and strategic dissemination of key reports and information
materials related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

Priority Area 4: Reduced underlying vulnerabilities thru the promotion of

technical options and integrated approaches for Community Based
Adaptation (CBA) and Community Based Disaster Risk Management
(CBDRM) in agriculture.

Objective: Increase livelihood resilience of vulnerable communities by enhancing

capacities of extension staff and farmers to disseminate and implement, respectively, a
range of good practice options (GPOs) for disaster risk reduction in agriculture and climate
change adaptation.

Gaps to be Addressed: A range of technical options to enhance livelihood resilience

against climate change impacts and other natural hazards are already known and available
from various sources at the local, regional, and national levels. The DA Central Office, for
instance, has prepared a manual for disaster risk reduction and management that includes a
menu of technical options to choose from for selected commodities. Similarly, the DA-RFU V
with support from the TCP/PHI/3203 project, had identified and field tested a number of
good practice options for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in different
agroecological zones2. Aside from these identified technical options, there is a wealth of
indigenous knowledge available in local communities, which can be systematically assessed
and considered for possible dissemination. There is a need, however, to further enhance
the menu of good practice options and to ensure that the available technical options are
continuously documented, tested, monitored and adapted to location-specific needs of
farmers living in different agro-ecosystems. Furthermore, field validated good practice

2
Some of these good practice options include the use of early maturing rice variety, submergence rice variety,
salt-tolerant rice variety, timing of planting plus ratooning, and rice plus duck farming system in lowland rice
area; strip intercropping, coconut leaf pruning plus intercropping, and crop-livestock (goat) integration in
upland/coconut areas; and backyard tilapia farming, seaweed farming, freshwater prawn farming, and squid
pot for fisheries/aquaculture.

21
options need to be promoted on a wider scale to enhance the livelihood resilience of other
vulnerable communities.

Strategy: Continuous research, documentation, assessment, and testing/adaptation of

available and potentially new good practice options for disaster risk reduction to location-
specific conditions of farmers and fishermen, while promoting the upscaling of field-validated
technical options.

1.1. Promote the adoption of integrated production and farm diversification on a

wider scale to build the resilience of local communities to disaster impacts.

1.2. Support for postharvest practices to proactively manage climate-related risks.

1.3. Promote risk sharing and transfer mechanisms.

1.4. Reduce risks from landslide and soil erosion through CBDRM approaches.

Priority Area 5: Strengthen capacities and procedures for effective disaster

mitigation, prevention, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation at all
levels and integration of DRR measures into response, recovery and
rehabilitation initiatives in agriculture.

Objective: Enhance regional and local capacities for disaster mitigation, prevention,
preparedness, response and rehabilitation and ensure that climate change adaptation and
disaster risk reduction issues are integrated into response and recovery intervention in
agriculture.

Gaps to be Addressed: Disaster response in the agriculture sector, in general, has been
reactive rather than proactive. The DA-RFU V and the LGUs allocate significant resources
for response and rehabilitation after a natural disaster. Most of these efforts are focused on
the replacement of assets and short-term and immediate needs of affected communities.
Response and recovery interventions, however, should be designed in different ways so
that they also support measures and objectives of preparedness and disaster risk reduction.
Preparedness activities need to be institutionalized and systematically strengthened at all
levels.

Strategy: Facilitate sustainable disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
measures as part of response and rehabilitation interventions.

1.1. Promote regular contingency planning for disaster risk reduction in agriculture
at all levels.

1.2. Standardize the content and procedure of information collection on disaster

impacts.

1.3. Build the capacity of local government units to integrate disaster risk reduction
and sustainable natural resource management into response and rehabilitation
projects.

22
Cross-Cutting Priorities

The POA for DRR in agriculture has identified three cross-cutting priorities that
underpin the five proposed priority actions presented in the preceding section. These are
capacity development, partnership/linkage development, and gender equity.

Capacity development. Strengthening institutional and technical capacities at all

levels, from the regional down to local, is necessary for effective implementation of the
priority actions for disaster risk reduction and management in agriculture. The need for
capacity development runs through Priority Area 1 to 5 along the core areas of research and
development, technology transfer, assessment tools and methods, awareness raising, policy
mainstreaming, and early warning systems.

Partnership/linkage development. One of the lessons learned from the TCP/

PHI/3203 project was that climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and
management need a broad and long-term programmatic implementation approach. Thus,
cross-sectoral partnerships for DRRM are needed to adequately tackle climate change and
undertake adaptation measures. The TCP/PHI/3203 project was able to demonstrate that
mutual cooperation and/or partnership between and among LGUs, academe, and other
institutions is necessary in implementing climate change adaptation and disaster risk
reduction and management activities in agriculture. The partnership promoted greater
synergy and complementation of project activities and allowed each partner to concentrate
on areas where it has comparative strength.

The five priority areas of the POA for DRRM in agriculture requires that strategic
coordination and partnerships be forged with other agencies. The present devolved set-up
and given resource limitation will make it impossible for the DA-RFU V to implement all
activities outlined in the POA.

Gender equity. The DRR for FNS takes into account the differences in women’s
and men’s vulnerability to disasters, as well as their differentiated role in fostering a culture
of disaster resilience. Gender is a cross-cutting priority of the POA which ensures that
gender concerns, needs and capacities are integrated and that it is mainstreamed in the five
priority areas of the POA.

VII. Institutional Arrangements and Mechanisms

for Implementing the POA for DRR
1. Existing Structure and Institutional Arrangements
at the Regional and Local Levels

Before the passage of R.A. 7160 otherwise known as Local Government Code of
1991, the plans and programs of the Department of Agriculture were implemented thru the
various organizational hierarchy of the DA at the regional, provincial, and municipal levels.
The Code mandated the devolution of agricultural extension service including the power,
authority, resources, responsibilities, and accountabilities from the national government to
the provincial, city, and municipal local government units in order to hasten the delivery of
agricultural information and extension services to the farmers and other clientele.

With the devolution, agricultural extension service of LGUs became autonomous from
the DA and the latter do not have anymore direct supervision over the agricultural extension

23
personnel of the
LGUs.
Devolution also
transformed DA
Regional Offices
to Regional Field
Units (RFUs)
headed by the
Regional
Executive
Director (RED).
Assisting the RED
are two Regional
Technical
Directors (RTDs),
one for Research
and Regulation
and another one
for Operations
and Extension.
The DA-RFU is
made up of Figure 8. Organizational structure of the DA-RFU V.
several divisions
and sections directly reporting either to the RED or to the two RTDs. Reporting directly to
the RED are the following divisions: (a) Agriculture and Fisheries Information Division
(RAFID); (b) Planning Project Development and Evaluation Division; (c) Administrative
Division; and (d) Finance Division. On the other hand, the RTD for Research and
Regulations has direct supervision over the Research Division and the Regulatory Division
while the RTD for Operations and Extension has direct supervision over the Agribusiness and
Marketing Assistance Division, Field Operations Division, and Regional Agricultural
Engineering Division.

Based on the DRRM Plan of the Department of Agriculture, the Regional Executive
Director who is the alter ego of the Secretary at the regional level, shall see to it that
matters affecting regional/local agriculture are properly addressed. The Regional Executive
Director is expected to perform the following DRRM functions: (a) organize a Regional
Disaster Quick Response Center; (b) ensure that a DRRM program and action plans for
agriculture are implemented in place in his respective region; (c) responsible for the
formulation and implementation of regional contingency plans for emergencies; (d) advise
the Secretary and the Undersecretary for Operations on important issues relevant to DRRM
in the agriculture of the Region; and on the disaster mitigation and prevention,
preparedness, response, and rehabilitation and recovery operations undertaken by the
Regional Field Unit; (e) conduct onsite assessment of situation and critical needs; (f) receive
DRRM related reports from the regional heads of the DA bureaus and attached agencies; (g)
prepare and submit required DRRM reports to the Undersecretary; and (h) work with the
Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and other DRRM related
agencies.

The Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Policy Committee shall be the
policy making body of the Department of Agriculture at the regional level on matters
pertaining to disaster risk reduction and management. The RFUs shall also put up their
respective Quick Response Center. The Regional Disaster Response Center is the hub of

24
response operation at the regional level with the following functions: (a) conduct situational
assessment; (b) direct and coordinate response operations; (c) disseminate warnings,
advisories, and educational type of information for the public; (d) perform market
monitoring, price and supply stabilization activities, and (e) perform damage assessment
and reporting. The Regional Response Center shall be composed of the Commodity
Program Coordinators, Operations Division, PMED, RAFID, AMAD, RIARC Managers, GSD,
RAED and at least 2 core staffs, who must be responsible employees, to serve as secretariat
to the Regional Response Center and the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Committee (RDRRM-C).

2. Proposed Institutional Arrangements for the Implementation

of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture

The DA has already laid out its plan to pursue systems-wide program on climate
change in accordance with the provisions of Climate Change Act of 2009. Given the
mandate to implement these systems-wide program on climate change is the Climate
Change Office (renamed as DA Systems-Wide Climate Change Office) under the Office of
the Undersecretary for Policy Planning. On the other hand, the task of implementing
disaster risk reduction and management in agriculture is led by the Secretary of Agriculture.
The Undersecretary for Operations who is the focal person for DRRM in the DA, is tasked to
direct, control, monitor, and evaluate the implementation of the DRRM annual programs and
action plans of the DA.

At the DA-RFU V, there is currently no unit established to carry out disaster risk
management and climate change adaptation activities. An ad hoc unit was established in
2009 to serve as Project Management Office (PMO) of the project implemented by DA-RFU V
and funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) designed to strengthen climate
risk management and disaster preparedness in selected provinces in Bicol Region
(TCP/PHI/3203). The same ad hoc unit was also mobilized by the DA-RFU V in the
implementation of two more projects assisted by the FAO related to climate change
adaptation (GCP/INT/126/JPN) and disaster risk reduction (OSRO/RAS/201/EC). This unit
needs to be upgraded as a technical core group with dedicated and trained staff responsible
for coordinating and implementing the activities relevant to disaster risk management and
climate change adaptation. The upgraded unit will then serve as the
Secretariat/Focal Unit within the DA-RFU V in the implementation of the POA for
DRR in agriculture.

The Regional DRRM Policy Committee which is stipulated in the DRRM plan of the DA
can be activated by the DA-RFU V, with its RED as chairman, to serve as Steering
Committee for the implementation of the POA for DRR in agriculture. The Regional DRRM
Policy Committee will be responsible for approving the annual work plans related to the POA
for DRR in agriculture in close coordination with the Secretariat/Focal Point. National
government agencies in the region (such as Office of Civil Defense, National Economic and
Development Authority, Department of Interior and Local Government, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, etc.) , academe, representative from the provincial and
municipal LGUs, and private sector may comprise the committee.

Technical assistance in the implementation of the POA will be provided by a

Technical Working Group whose members will come from the various divisions of the DA-
RFU V and representatives from the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist and Office of
Municipal Agriculturist of concerned LGUs.

25
 Considering the devolved nature of the agriculture sector in the country, field level
DRRM activities will be under the direct supervision of municipal LGUs. The provincial LGUs
(thru the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist) shall provide the coordination mechanism and
possible funding assistance while the DA-RFU V shall provide capacity building, technical
backstopping, coordination mechanism, and possible funding support to project
implementation. The municipal LGUs, with assistance from DA-RFU V and provincial LGUs,
shall take charge of: creating awareness among farmers and local communities about
climate change and disaster risk reduction, conducting training program on the impact of
climate change and disaster risk management in agriculture, preparing and updating their
disaster risk reduction management plan for agriculture, demonstrating good practice
options for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, climate farmer field
school, and other related extension activities.

3. Funding Mechanism

The funding requirement for the implementation of the POA will come from national
and local sources. In order that the POA will not become a financial burden for DA-RFU V, it
is a must that their plans and programs should be realigned and run parallel with priority
areas and key areas of support of the POA. This is one way to facilitate the mainstreaming
of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management in the plans and
programs of the DA as articulated in the department’s DRRM plan and systems-wide
program on climate change.

It should be noted that a NDRRM Fund is appropriated under the annual General
Appropriations Act to finance various activities for DRRM. The DA-RFU can request funding
assistance from the NDRRMC to augment their budget for the training of personnel, for the
conduct of disaster reduction, prevention, and preparedness activities, and for disaster
response and rehabilitation activities (e.g. start-up capital for seeds/planting materials,
fertilizer, and other farm inputs).

Local funding support for the POA will come from the Internal Revenue Allotment
(IRA) of the LGUs wherein a certain percentage is allocated for the operation of the
provincial/municipal agriculture service. The plans and programs of the LGUs for agriculture
should be aligned with the POA as part of the mainstreaming effort as stipulated in the
Climate Change Act and NDRRM Act. Aside from the budget allotment for the agriculture
service of the LGU, the 20% Development Fund can also be considered as additional source
of fund for the POA. The LDRRM Fund of the LGUs can also be used to support the
implementation of the POA especially pre-disaster preparedness programs, purchase of
postharvest facilities, payment of premium for crop insurance, and disaster response and
rehabilitation.

4. Coordination Mechanism

There are a number of institutional players involved in climate change adaptation

and disaster risk reduction at the national, regional, and local levels. This is because the
Climate Change Act and the DRRM Act mandates that all climate change adaptation and
disaster risk reduction and management should be mainstreamed in the policies, plans, and
programs of all government units and offices. To ensure and facilitate the implementation
of the activities proposed in the POA, clear understanding of coordination mechanism is
important. Two types of coordination mechanisms are recommended, namely: (a) inter-
sectoral/interagency collaboration mechanism and (b) intra-sectoral mechanism.

26
 Inter-sectoral/interagency collaboration mechanism is being proposed due to the fact
that national government agencies and LGUs are also active in DRRM and CCA activities. At
the regional level, the RDRRMC is already in place, chaired by the OCD Director and
executives of regional offices of national government agencies as members. Local DRRMCs
are now also in place at the provincial and municipal LGUs and local DRRMOs are also
organized in the different LGUs. Proper coordination with these councils and offices is
needed to avoid possible conflict and to facilitate complementation of resources and
activities in the implementation of the POA activities for disaster risk reduction in agriculture.
The Secretariat/Focal Unit at the DA-RFU V (of the POA for DRR) shall coordinate and liaise
with RDRRMC, local DRRMCs, local DRRMOs at the provincial and municipal levels, and
steering committees of the different national government agencies in the region.

Within the DA-RFU V, there is also a need to strengthen coordination with DA line
agencies (e.g., BFAR, NIA, BPI, PCA, etc.) and between and among the different divisions
and sections to ensure complementation of activities and technical support to the POA. The
proposed Secretariat/Focal Unit shall coordinate and liaise with the different divisions and
sections and concerned line agencies to ensure the alignment of their programs and
activities with the priority areas of the POA.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

A monitoring and evaluation (M & E) system will be developed by the DA-RFU V thru
its Planning, Project Development and Evaluation Division in order to assess the status of
implementation of POA activities. Monitoring and evaluation of performance shall be based
on the indicators which are outlined in the planning matrix.

Monitoring and evaluation of the POA for DRR in agriculture and fisheries shall be the
responsibility of the Secretariat/Focal Point proposed to be organized within the DA-RFU V.
Concerned offices/units implementing the programs and activities shall be required to
submit their monthly monitoring/accomplishment report to the Secretariat/Focal Point for
collation and submission to the Steering Committee of the POA for their information and
feedback. Part of the monitoring is the identification of success and failures of
implementation and lessons learned which can be shared with the various divisions of the
DA-RFU V, DA line agencies and other concerned government agencies.

27
 References

Amano, L. O.; V. L. Amano; and A. P. Candelaria. 2012. Disaster Reduction/Climate Change

Adaptation Good Practice Options for Rainfed and Upland Agro-ecological Zones.
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Preparedness in Selected Provinces of the Philippines (Bicol Region) (TCP/PHI/3203),
Bicol University, Legazpi City, Philippines.

Binoya, C. S. and P. P Muñez, Jr. 2011. Situation Assessment Report. Report on

Strengthening Capacities for Climate Risk Management and Disaster Preparedness in
Selected Provinces of the Philippines (Bicol Region) (TCP/PHI/3203), Central Bicol
State University for Agriculture, San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines.

Bordado, E. B. 2012. New Rice Bug Infesting Rice Crops in Four Regions, Including Bicol.
http://www.agripinoy.net/new-rice-bug-infesting-rice-crops-in-4-regions-including-
bicol.html.

Calleja, Danny. 2012. DA Braces for Rice Grain Bug Attack in Bicol Farms. PNA Bicol

Congress of the Philippines. 2010. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
of 2010. Official Gazette, Manila, Philippines.

Dalida, L. U. 2011. PAGASA’s Assessment of Existing Early Warning Systems (EWS) in

Selected Provinces of Bicol Region. Report on Strengthening Capacities for Climate
Risk Management and Disaster Preparedness in Selected Provinces of the Philippines
(Bicol Region) (TCP/PHI/3203), PAGASA Regional Center, Legazpi City, Philippines.

DA-RFU V. 2005. Coconut Leaf Beetle Infests Young Palms. Umasenso, Vol. 14 No. 3
July-September 2005, DA-RFU V, San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur.

Development Updates. 2007. Quarterly Regional Economic Situationer, 3rd Quarter 2007,
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Food and Agriculture Organization. 2013. Resilient Livelihoods: Disaster Risk Reduction for
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http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/213782/news/regions/rice-fields-suffer-
wrath-of-bulusan-blast

Hilario, F., R. De Guzman, D. Ortega, P. Hayman, and B. Alexander. 2009. El Niño Southern
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http://sorsogoncity.wordpress.com/2012/01/11/40-bicol-towns-identified-as-geo-hazard-
areas/. Forty Towns Identified as Geo-Hazard Areas.

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Mascariñas, A. M., S. Baas, N. Köksalan, L. O. Amano, P. M. Nieves, C. S. Binoya, V.
Foronda, L. U. Dalida, M. R. Carbonel, E. R. Dela Torre, and E. C. Torrente. 2013.
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29
 Annex 1
Action Plan Matrix 2014-2018

Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible

Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
Goal: To increase the resilience of the agriculture sector to natural hazards/disasters by providing guidance to sectoral planning for DRR in
agriculture.
Priority Area 1: Strengthen institutional and technical capacity for disaster risk reduction and management in agriculture and enhance policy
frameworks and coordination at regional and local levels.
1. Strengthen capacity within the DA-RFU V to effectively contribute in the delivery of DRRM related tasks in agriculture in the region.
1.1. Establish the focal  Identification of personnel who  Focal point/unit established x  ORED/DA-RFU V
point/secretariat at will comprise the focal point. equipped with equipment and
DA-RFU V to  Issuance of appointment/ other logistics.
provide guidance designation to DA-RFU V  Appointments/designations
and coordination personnel who will comprise the issued to DA-RFU V personnel
within DA-RFU V focal point/secretariat. assigned to the focal point.
and at various levels  Briefing of the focal point staff
on CCA/DRR about CCA, DRR, and POA.
matters.  Preparation of IEC materials,
guidelines, reportorial formats,
and other documents.
1.2. Training of DA-RFU  Develop training design on  Number of DA-RFU V x x  ATI, RAFID, HRMO,
V personnel on the CCA/DRR. personnel trained. and Focal Point/
technical aspects of  Identify experts within and  Training materials on CCA/DRR Secretariat
CCA and DRRM and outside DA-RFU V who will developed and packaged.
other related topics. comprise the training team on  Number of trainings conducted.
CCA/DRR.
 Develop and package training
materials on CCA/DRR.
 Conduct the training program to
the different divisions/sections of
DA-RFU V.
2. Strengthen the technical capacity of provincial and municipal agriculture service on CCA and DRR.
2.1. Expansion of  Coordinate with provincial and  Number of trainings conducted. x  ATI, Focal Point/
training on CCA/ municipal LGUs to determine the

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 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
DRR covering other personnel who will be trained  Number of LGU-based  ATI, Focal Point/
provinces and  Conduct the training program in agricultural staff trained. Secretariat, and
municipalities. each province SUCs
2.2. Enhance information  Provide up-to-date information or  Number of IEC materials x x x x x  RAFID
sharing with LGUs. IEC materials to LGU staff. prepared and distributed.
3. Mainstream DRRM into existing agriculture and food security policies, plans and strategies at various levels of the agriculture sector.
3.1. Establish a  Briefing of provincial and  Committees established in x x  Focal Point/
committee or task municipal LGU-based staff on the selected LGUs, with updated Secretariat
force at the need to organize a committee to policies, plans, and strategies  LGU committee/ task
provincial and draft or integrate CCA and DRM adopted by respective LGUs. force (planning
municipal levels to priorities into agriculture and food service, agriculture
draft and/or integrate security policies, strategies and service and local
climate change plans of the LGU. DRRMCs)
adaptation and  Organize a committee or task
disaster risk force at the provincial and
management municipal LGU levels that will
priorities into integrate the CCA and DRR
agriculture, and food priorities, respectively.
security policies and  Review existing plans (e.g.
plans. CLUP) and priorities of the LGUs
to assess the extent of CCA/DRR
integration in their programs.
 Prepare or update adaptation and
disaster risk management plans
and ensure that climate change
issues and food security policies
are integrated in the municipal
and provincial plans.
 Update the LGUs strategic
agriculture and forestry
development zone (SAFDZ) in
view of climate related risks.

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 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
 Submit to the sangguniang
panlalawigan/pangbayan updated
adaptation and disaster risk
management plans and SAFDZ
for approval and adoption by the
LGU.
4. Strengthen R&D capability of state universities and colleges and other research institutions in the region in the conduct of applied research on
climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation, and disaster risk reduction.
4.1. Strengthen research  Meet with R&D unit of SUCs to  Signed MOA between/among x x x x  DA-RFU V
and development determine possible areas of SUCs and DA-RFU V. Research Division
(research-extension) collaboration.  Research agenda for DRR and and ROS
linkage with state  Draft memorandum of agreement CCA formulated.  SUCs
universities and that specifies the terms of  New research projects for CCA/
colleges on climate reference or obligations of SUCs DRR jointly prepared and
change adaptation and DA-RFU V. implemented with SUCs.
and disaster risk  Joint R&D agenda setting with
management. SUCs on CCA/DRR.
 Joint on-farm demonstration of
technologies for CCA/DRR like
varieties tolerant to drought,
flood, saline water intrusion and
integrated farming system.
 Joint conduct of in-house review
and evaluation of the
performance of the technology.
Priority Area 2: Promote and enhance early warning systems from climate information products for pro-active disaster risk reduction and
management in agriculture.
1. Strengthen the institutional and technical capacity of PAGASA to be able to provide the necessary forecast products and early warning systems
for agriculture application.
1.1. Enhance human  Conduct of training/workshops for  Number of PAGASA staff x  PAGASA in
resources, logistics technical staff on application of trained and involved to provide collaboration with
and facilitate need- forecast products for agriculture. forecast products relevant to DA-RFU V and ATI
based training  Procurement of IT equipment as agriculture.

32
 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
programs for part of EWS infrastructure
PAGASA. improve reliability of forecast
data.
1.2. Communicate  Regular updating of climate  Forecast products made x x x x  PAGASA in
available early information and weather data in available to and accessed by collaboration with
warning messages the website. farmers in at least five provincial and
and seasonal  Disseminate forecast data to DA- vulnerable barangays to climate municipal LGUS/
forecasts for RFU V and LGUs. risks in each province. agriculture service
agriculture
application.
Strengthen the capacity of DA-RFU V in translating PAGASA’s forecast products and early warning messages into farm weather bulletin/
advisories for dissemination to LGUs as part of the early warning system for agriculture sector.
1.3. Enhance human  Identify a unit in the DA-RFU V  Number of DA-RFU V staff x  PAGASA in
resources, logistics that will be tasked to prepare trained and involved to collaboration with
and facilitate need- farm weather bulletin/advisories interpret/translate forecast ATI and DA-RFU V
based training from PAGASA forecast products products to location-specific HRMO
programs within DA- and early warning messages for farm weather bulletin.
RFU V. dissemination to LGUs.
 Identify and designate technical
staff who will man the unit.
 Conduct of training for technical
staff on interpretation of forecast
products and translation into farm
weather bulletin.
 Procurement of IT equipment as
part of EWS infrastructure.
1.4. Develop and  Collect climate and weather data  Farm weather bulletin made x x x x  DA-RFU V in
communicate to from PAGASA and translate them available to and accessed by collaboration with
LGUs available farm into location or site-specific farm farmers in at least five provincial and
weather bulletin/ weather bulletin/advisories. vulnerable barangays to climate municipal LGUs/
advisories as part of  Propose and trial run a risks in each province. agriculture service
early warning mechanism for timely
system for dissemination of early warning
agriculture. messages to the farmers.
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 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
Priority Area 3: Improve knowledge management, database and awareness raising in support of disaster risk reduction in agriculture.

1. Design and application of awareness creation strategy for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in agriculture at the regional,
LGU, and local community levels.
1.1. Training and local  Survey or field assessment to  Number of training programs x x x x  DA-RFU V in
level awareness determine the information and organized for farmer groups in collaboration with
raising campaigns in training needs of farmers relevant at least 10 barangays per ATI, provincial and
other barangays on to CCA and DRR. province. municipal LGUs/
lessons learned and  Organize a pool of trainors on agriculture service,
best practices of DRR and CCA in the region. and SUCs.
DRM.  Prepare and package IEC
materials.
 Farmers’ training.
1.2. Organize farmer  Set up on-farm demonstration of  At least one event per year x x x x  DA-RFU V in
field school, field GPOs for CCA/DRR adopting the conducted in at least 10 collaboration with
days, farmer FFS strategy. vulnerable barangays to climate provincial and
exchange visit to  Identify model farms for risks per province. municipal LGUs/
create awareness on CCA/DRR within and outside the agricultural service,
CCA and DRR. region for farmer exchange visit. and barangay
 Conduct farmer consultation to council.
disseminate lessons learned and
good practices.
2. Enhance knowledge base on innovations and good practices for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in agriculture.
2.1. Develop database  Identification and documentation  Database for good practice x x x x  DA-RFU V in
for good practice of location specific good practice options developed and posted collaboration with
options that include options for enhanced DRR or in a dedicated website at DA- SUCs, provincial
indigenous and local CCA from various sources. RFU V and linked with and municipal
practices for CCA/  Conduct literature and internet provincial and municipal LGUs. LGUs/ agriculture
DRR in agriculture. research and assess with leading services.
research institutes/centers
potential good practices and
processes for enhanced DRR.
 Conduct field observation to
identify indigenous and local
34
 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
good practices with CCA/DRR
potential.
 Prepare a compendium of good
practices for CCA/DRR in
agriculture.
 Package IEC materials or techno-
guides for field tested good
practice options.
2.2. Establish information  Prepare risk and vulnerability  Information centers established x x x x  DA-RFU V-RAFID
resource centers for maps for posting in the barangay and maintained in at least 10 in collaboration with
climate risks, site- hall. vulnerable barangays to climate provincial and
specific hazards,  Prepare charts showing weather risks per province. municipal LGUs/
and good practices patterns and pest incidence. agriculture service.
in selected  Prepare recommended good
barangays. practices for selected hazards.
3. Mobilizing local communities and farmer groups/associations for showcasing climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
interventions in agriculture.
3.1. Promote the  Identify technologies with proven  At least one techno-demo x x x x  DA-RFU V-ROS in
establishment of CCA/DRR potential for techno- project per agro-ecological zone collaboration with
techno-demo at demonstration at ROS sites. established in 10 vulnerable provincial and
Research Outreach  Identify and select farmers to barangays per province with municipal LGUs/
Stations (ROSs) and conduct on-farm demonstration of five farmer-cooperators per agriculture service
local communities to selected good practice options. project every cropping season. and farmer
showcase good  Compare performance of on-farm association.
practice options for demonstration versus existing
CCA/DRR. farmers’ practice in the area.
3.2. Organize field days  Identify which techno-demo  At least one event per year x x x x  DA-RFU V in
at various stages of projects will be included in the conducted in at least 10 collaboration with
the techno-demo field day. vulnerable barangays to climate provincial and
project in  Identify participants for the field risks per province. municipal LGUs/
collaboration with day. agricultural service,
farmer groups/  Formulate the mechanics to be and barangay
associations to observed during the field day. council.

35
 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
create mass
awareness.
4. Knowledge sharing and strategic dissemination of key reports and information materials related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk
reduction.
4.1. Disseminate  Organize media conference and/  Routine information sharing x x x x  DA-RFU V-RAFID
information on or briefing regarding climate risks mechanism established in collaboration with
climate change and adaptation measures. through mass media. provincial and
impacts and tested  Develop and disseminate leaflets  Printed leaflets and information municipal LGUs/
good practice option and information briefs. briefs developed and agricultural service.
for CCA/DRR disseminated to local
through print and communities.
broadcast media.
Priority Area 4: Reducing climate related risks and underlying vulnerabilities thru the use of technical options and integrating Community Based
Adaptation (CBA) and Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) approaches in agriculture.
1. Promote integrated production and farm diversification on a wider scale to build the resilience of local communities to disaster impacts.
1.1. Encourage the use  Develop new cropping models  New crop and animal species x x x x  DA-RFU V
of crop and animal (including fisheries/aquaculture) introduced and progressively Operations Division
species and for different agrocecological adopted by farmers in 10 in collaboration
varieties resistant to zones for CCA/DRR. vulnerable barangays per with, BFAR, DILG,
climate risks.  On-farm evaluation of different province. provincial and
1.2. Inclusion of the crop varieties (e.g. rice, corn,  Sustainable backyard/small municipal LGUs/
fishery sector in the vegetables, etc.) that are tolerant scale fishery and aquaculture agricultural service
CBDRM plan of pilot to climate risks (e.g. excessive production model developed. and farmer groups.
communities rainfall, flooding, saline water
intrusion, long dry spell, etc.)
1.3. Disseminate and  Develop site-specific  New models of integrated x x x  DA-RFU V
encourage adoption intercropping models for different production/ diversified farming Operations Division
of mixed cropping, agroecological zones. system introduced and adopted in collaboration with
crop-livestock/  Develop crop-livestock integration in each agro-ecological zone in provincial and
backyard fishery models for lowland (rice + duck) at least 10 barangays per municipal LGUs/
integration for and upland (coconut + intercrop + province. agricultural service
increased livelihood goat) and farmer groups.
resilience.  Study integration of backyard fish
farming with crop production.
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 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
2. Support for postharvest practices to proactively manage climate-related risks.
1.4. Expansion of  Experiment other mechanisms/  Expanded seed bank and seed x x x x  Municipal LGUs/
community seed strategies to improve existing storage system established in agriculture service
banks and seed seed bank system for rice. at least 10 barangays per with support from
storage system to  Develop seed bank and storage province covering at least five provincial LGU and
cover other major system for other staple crops like commodities. DA-RFU V.
staple crops. corn, vegetables, etc.
 Increase buffer stock for rice,
legumes, and other crops.
3. Inventory and review of available insurance mechanisms for crops, livestock and fishery.
3.1. Inventory and review  Analysis of documents pertaining  Report available recommending x  SUCs in
of available to crop insurance. other possible mechanisms collaboration with
insurance  Meeting with insurance firms to involving other crops or PCIC and
mechanisms for discuss issues and possibility of commodities. provincial/municipal
crops, livestock and including other commodities in LGUs/agriculture
fishery. the insurance coverage. service.
 Study the feasibility of granting
subsides on climate-smart and
resilient livelihood.
3.2. Explore funding  Prepare mechanics and  Alternative funding mechanism x  SUCs in
mechanisms to guidelines for the use of local identified to finance insurance collaboration with
finance insurance for DRRM Fund for crop insurance. for crops, livestocks, and PCIC and
crops, livestock and fisheries. provincial/municipal
fisheries. LGUs/agriculture
service.
Priority Area 5: Strengthen capacities and procedures for effective disaster preparedness, response, and rehabilitation at all levels and integration
of DRR measures into response, recovery and rehabilitation initiatives.
1. Promote regular contingency planning for disaster risk reduction in agriculture at all levels.
1.1. Enhance the  Train LGU staff and barangay  Contingency plan developed in x x x  Barangay Council
capacity of LGUs officials in hazard, vulnerabilityt, at least 10 vulnerable with support from
and local and capacity assessment (HVCA) barangays per province using municipal LGU/
communities to inncluding hazard mapping. simplified tools and procedures. agriculture service
conduct contingency  “Laymanize” or simplify tools and
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 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
planning. procedures in the conduct of in collaboration
HVCA and contingency planning. with provincial
 Conduct contingency planning LGU/ agriculture
exercise in hazard exposed areas service, DA-RFU
and identify practices to facilitate V, DILG, and
preparedness. SUCs.
1.2. Strengthen capacity  Build the capacity of concerned  Response, recovery, and x x x  Barangay Council
at all levels to authorities on resilient and rehabilitation projects with support from
integrate DRR and climate-smart agriculture at the implemented as part of disaster municipal
CCA and DRR in LGUs and local communities. preparedness with long-term LGU/agriculture
agriculture into  Provide technical assistance for perspective rather than ad hoc service and in
preparedness, resilient and climate-smart emergency support. collaboration with
response, and agriculture to LGUs and local provincial LGU/
recovery component communities in their DRRM agriculture service
of the contingency planning. and DA-RFU V.
plan and overall plan  Integrate CCA and DRR concepts
of the LGU. in the planning, design, and
implementation DRRM plan
including recovery and
rehabilitation projects.
2. Build local capacities to integrate sustainable natural resource management into response and rehabilitation projects.
2.1 Enhance local  Briefing of the community about  Natural resource management x x  Barangay Council
knowledge about sustainable development, project interventions (e.g. with support from
natural resource sustainable land use, conservation farming village, municipal LGU/
management agroecological approach, and strip cropping, sloping agriculture service
concepts and other relevant concepts. agriculture land technology, and in collaboration
principles as entry  Information sharing on natural agroforestry, etc.) implemented with provincial LGU/
point in planning and resource management projects in the 10 vulnerable barangays agriculture service,
design of response and best practices. as part of disaster response DA-RFU V, and
and rehabilitation  Field exposure and/or cross visits and rehabilitation. DENR.
projects. to NRM project sites.
2.2 Use response,  Implement long-term recovery  Long-term recovery and x x  Barangay Council
recovery and and rehabilitation projects that rehabilitation projects with support from
rehabilitation could mitigate impacts of climate implemented in vulnerable municipal LGU/
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 Description of Main Specific Activities Indicators of Monitoring Year of Implementation Responsible
Actions 2014-2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Institution/s
projects as entry risks based on the DRRM plan of barangays as part of the agriculture service
point to initiate the community. DRRM plan. and in collaboration
better disaster risk with provincial LGU/
reduction and agriculture service
climate change and DA-RFU V
adaptation in
agriculture.
2.1. Strengthen response  Standardize the procedures for  Improved protocols and x  DA-RFU V in
protocols for post-disaster and needs guidelines available for collaboration with
emergency situation assessment tools in determining assessing damage and needs provincial and
in agriculture disaster impacts, damage and and for phasing of emergency municipal LGUs,
losses. response, rehabilitation and SUCs, and other
 Allocate and maintain emergency recovery/reconstruction (e.g. national
fund for response and recovery in PDNA, etc.). government
agriculture sector. agencies.
2.3 Use response,  Implement long-term recovery  Long-term recovery, x x  Barangay Council
recovery and and rehabilitation/reconstruction rehabilitation and reconstrcution with support from
rehabilitation projects that could mitigate and projects implemented in municipal
projects as entry prevent impacts of climate risks. vulnerable barangays as part of LGU/agriculture
point to initiate better disaster preparedness, service and in
disaster risk prevention, and mitigation. collaboration with
reduction and provincial LGU/
climate change agriculture service
adaptation in and DA-RFU V.
agriculture.
3. Enhance adequate response measures to improve effectiveness of emergency response actions.
3.1. Buffer stocking of  Stock piling of rice seeds and  Specified quantity of seeds and x x x x  DA-RFU V
seeds and other other staple crops for typhoon, other agricultural inputs Operations and
agriculture inputs at flood, drought, and pest maintained at DA-RFU V, Research Divisions
DA-RFU V and infestation response and research stations, and in collaboration with
research stations for recovery. provincial and municipal LGUs provincial and
emergency  Reserve standby machineries/ for emergency response. municipal LGUs.
response after a equipment for rescue and
calamity emergency operation.
39
 Annex 2
Definitions of Important Terminology

Adaptation. Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected

climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities.

Capacity building. In the context of climate change, capacity building is developing the
technical skills and institutional capabilities in developing countries and economies in
transition to enable their participation in all aspects of adaptation to, mitigation of,
and research on climate change, and in the implementation of the Kyoto
Mechanisms, etc.

Climate change. Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to
natural variability or as a result of human activity. The United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines ‘climate change’ as: ‘a change of
climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods.

Climate variability. Climate variability refers to variations in the mean state and other
statistics (such as standard deviations, statistics of extremes, etc.) of the climate on
all temporal and spatial scales beyond that of individual weather events. Variability
may be due to natural internal processes within the climate system (internal
variability), or to variations in natural or anthropogenic external forcing (external
variability).

Climate change impacts. The effects of climate change on natural and human systems.
Depending on the consideration of adaptation, one can distinguish between
potential impacts and residual impacts: Potential impacts: all impacts that may
occur given a projected change in climate, without considering adaptation. Residual
impacts: the impacts of climate change that would occur after adaptation.

Contingency planning. It is a management tool used to analyze the impact of potential

crises and ensure that adequate and appropriate arrangements are made in
advance to respond in a timely, effective and appropriate way to the needs of the
affected population(s). Contingency planning is a tool to anticipate and solve
problems that typically arise during humanitarian response.

Disaster. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing

widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the
ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. A
disaster is a function of the risk process. It results from the combination of hazards,
conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the
potential negative consequences of risk.

Disaster risk. The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and
services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some
specified future time period.

40
Disaster risk reduction (DRR). It refers to the conceptual framework of elements
considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks
throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness)
the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable
development.

Disaster risk reduction and management. It is the systematic process of using

administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to
implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the
adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective disaster risk
reduction and management refers to risk reduction and management activities that
address and seek to avoid the development of new or increased disaster risks,
especially if risk reduction policies are not put in place.

Disaster risk management (DRM). It consists of a management perspective that

combines prevention, mitigation and preparedness with response.

Drought. The phenomenon that exists when precipitation is significantly below normal
recorded levels, causing serious hydrological imbalances that often adversely affect
land resources and production systems.

Early warning system. The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely
and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and
organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in
sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.

Hazard. A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may
cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation. Natural hazards can be classified according to their
geological (earthquake, tsunamis, volcanic activity), hydrometeorological (floods,
tropical storms, drought) or biological (epidemic diseases) origin. Hazards can be
induced by human processes (climate change, fire, mining of non-renewable
resources, environmental degradation, and technological hazards.) Hazards can be
single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects.

Mitigation. The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related
disasters.

Natural hazard. Natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Preparedness. The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional

response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively
anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current
hazard events or conditions.

Prevention. The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Recovery. The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods

and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce
disaster risk factors.

41
Rehabilitation. A post disaster activity performed to restore (partially or in full) the losses
occurred as a result of the disaster.

Resilience. The capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazards

to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level
of functioning and structure. This is determined by the degree to which the social
system is capable of organizing itself to increase its capacity for learning from past
disasters for better future protection and to improve risk reduction measures.

Risk. The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries,

property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged)
resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and
vulnerable conditions.

Risk assessment. Diagnostic process to identify new risks that communities may face
again.

Risk management. The systematic approach and practice of managing uncertainty to

minimize potential harm and loss.

Risk transfer. The process of formally or informally shifting the financial consequences of
particular risks from one party to another whereby a household, community,
enterprise or state authority will obtain resources from the other party after a
disaster occurs, in exchange for ongoing or compensatory social or financial benefits
provided to that other party.

Vulnerability. The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental

factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact
of hazards.

42
 Annex 3
Hyogo Framework of Action

Hyogo Framework of Action 2005-2015 (HFA) is the consensus strategy adopted by

168 member countries in the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction in January 2005 in
Kobe in order to spearhead the task of disaster risk reduction globally. The HFA 2005-2015
was developed based on the gap analysis in the national and global efforts in DRR in the
preceding decade from 1994-2004.

The goals set by the HFA 2005-2015 are: a) Integration of disaster risk reduction
into sustainable development policies and planning, b) Development and strengthening of
institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build resilience to hazards, and c) Systematic
incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the implementation of emergency
preparedness, response and recovery program. It recommends five priorities for Action,
namely:

HFA Priority Action 1: Ensure that disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a national and a
local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.

HFA Priority Action 2: Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early
warning.

HFA Priority Action 3: Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of
safety and resilience at all levels.

HFA Priority Action 4: Reduce the underlying risk factors.

HFA Priority Action 5: Strengthen Disaster

The HFA Framework provides logical steps for achieving DRR; knowledge of the risk
faced, especially from a participatory process with the participation of the people and
communities at risk, is the starting point. Once the risk is known and there is a conviction on
the possibility and commitment for reducing the risk, one needs the knowledge, skills, and
methodologies for reducing the risk. The next priority action stresses on knowledge
management for DRR aiming at propagating the knowledge and empowering communities
with the skills. The next step suggested is to home into action for risk reduction targeting
the causative factors; thus, it focuses on risk assessment as the starting point for DRR.

However, risk reduction is a long-term process, and there is always some residual
risk at any point in time, hence the Framework suggests also disaster preparedness for
effective response. All the steps mentioned above are possible only if there is a firm
commitment by the nation to make disaster risk reduction as its priority and if it creates
suitable legal, policy and institutional arrangements for implementing the DRR initiative,
which forms the first priority action of the HFA.

43
 Annex 4
Duties and Functions of the LDRRMOs

The provincial, city, and municipal DRRMO or BDRRMC shall perform the following
functions:

(a) Design, program, and coordinate disaster risk reduction and management
activities consistent with the National Council’s standards and guidelines;

(b) Facilitate and support risk assessments and contingency planning activities at
the local level;

(c) Consolidate local disaster risk information which includes natural hazards,
vulnerabilities, and climate change risks, and maintain a local risk map;

(d) Organize and conduct training, orientation, and knowledge management

activities on disaster risk reduction and management at the local level;

(e) Operate a multi-hazard early warning system, linked to disaster risk reduction to
provide accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency response
organizations and to the general public, through diverse mass media,
particularly radio, landline communications, and technologies for communication
within rural communities;

(f) Formulate and implement a comprehensive and integrated LDRRMP in

accordance with the national, regional and provincial framework, and policies on
disaster risk reduction in close coordination with the local development councils
(LDCs);

(g) Prepare and submit to the local sanggunian through the LDRRMC and the LDC
the annual LDRRMO Plan and budget, the proposed programming of the
LDRRMF, other dedicated disaster risk reduction and management resources,
and other regular funding source/s and budgetary support of the LDRRMO /
BDRRMC;

(h) Conduct continuous disaster monitoring and mobilize instrumentalities and

entities of the LGUs, CSOs, private groups and organized volunteers, to utilize
their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and
properties during emergencies in accordance with existing policies and
procedures;

(i) Identify, assess and manage the hazards, vulnerabilities and risks that may
occur in their locality;

(j) Disseminate information and raise public awareness about those hazards,
vulnerabilities and risks, their nature, effects, early warning signs and
countermeasures;

(k) Identify and implement cost-effective risk reduction measures/strategies;

44
(l) Maintain a database of human resource, equipment, directories, and location of
critical infrastructures and their capacities such as hospitals and evacuation
centers;

(m) Develop, strengthen and operationalize mechanisms for partnership or

networking with private sector, CSOs, and volunteer groups;

(n) Take all necessary steps on a continuing basis to maintain, provide, or arrange
the provision of, or to otherwise make available, suitably-trained and competent
personnel for effective civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management
in its area;

(o) Organize, train, equip and supervise the local emergency response teams and
the ACDVs, ensuring that humanitarian aid workers are equipped with basic
skills to assist mothers to breastfeed;

(p) Respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out
recovery activities in the affected area, ensuring that there is an efficient
mechanism for immediate delivery of food, shelter and medical supplies for
women and children, endeavor to create a special place where internally-
displaced mothers can find help with breastfeeding, feed and care for their
babies and give support to each other;

(q) Within its area, promote and raise public awareness of and compliance with the
law and legislative provisions relevant to the purpose of law;

(r) Serve as the secretariat and executive arm of the LDRRMC;

(s) Coordinate other disaster risk reduction and management activities;

(t) Establish linkage/network with other LGUs for disaster risk reduction and
emergency response purposes;

(u) Recommend through the LDRRMC the enactment of local ordinances consistent
with the requirements of law;

(v) Implement policies, approved plans and programs of the LDRRMC consistent
with the policies and guidelines laid down in the law;

(w) Establish a Provincial/ City/Municipal/Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Operations Center;

(x) Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the LDC, the report on the
utilization of the LDRRMF and other dedicated disaster risk reduction and
management resources to the local COA, copy furnished the regional director of
the OCD and the Local Government Operations Officer of the DILG; and

(y) Act on other matters that may be authorized by the LDRRMC.

45
 Annex 5
Tropical Cyclones which Affected Areas in Bicol Region
from 2003 to 2013

Name of Tropical Date Occurred Sustained Winds Affected Areas in

Cyclone Near the Center Bicol Region
TY Amang April 16-31, 2003 150 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 185 kph
TD Batibot May 19-20, 2003 45 kph Sorsogon

TS Egay June 13-18, 2003 115 kph Bicol Region

Gust: 145 kph
TD Gilas July 15-19, 2003 65 kph Bicol Region

TY Harurot July 19-23, 2003 190 kph Bicol Region

Gust: 230 kph
TD Ineng July 30-31, 2003 45 kph Bicol Region

TD Ursula October 23-24, 2003 55 kph Masbate

TS Viring October 30-Novermber 115 kph Bicol Region

3, 2003 Gust 145 kph
TS Weng November 13-15, 2003 85 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 100 kph
TD Zigzag December 25-27, 2003 55 kph Bicol Region

TS Butchoy March 17-22, 2004 85 kph Bicol Region

Gust: 100 kph
TY Dindo May 12-20, 2004 170 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 205 kph
TY Gener June 6-9, 2004 55 kph Masbate

TY Pablo September 16-17, 2004 55 kph Masbate

TY Unding November 14-21, 2004 120 kph Bicol Region

Gust: 150 kph
TD Winnie November 28-30, 2004 55 kph Bicol Region

TY Yoyong December 1-4, 2004 185 kph Bicol Region

Gust: 220 kph
TS Auring March 15-18, 2005 105 kph Masbate, Albay,
Gust: 135 kph Sorsogon, Catanduanes
TD Emong July 4-6, 2005 55 kph Camarines Provinces,
Catanduanes
TD Labuyo September 19-23, 2005 55 kph Camarines Provinces,
Catanduanes, Albay
TS Ondoy November 8-11, 2005 85 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 100 kph Provinces, Catanduanes
TY Pepeng November 14-20, 2005 120 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 150 kph

46
Name of Tropical Date Occurred Sustained Winds Affected Areas in
Cyclone Near the Center Bicol Region
TD Quedan December 16-18, 2005 55 kph Masbate

TD Agaton January 21-24, 2006 55 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.

Provinces, Catanduanes
TS Caloy May 9-15, 2006 110 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 140 kph
TS Domeng June 24-27, 2006 75 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 90 kph
TD Henry July 28-31, 2006 55 kph Albay, Catanduanes,
Camarines Provinces
TY Milenyo September 25-28, 2006 130 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 160 kph
TS Neneng October 1-5, 2006 85 kph Catanduanes,
Gust: 100 kph Camarines Provinces
TY Paeng October 27-31, 2006 195 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 230 kph Provinces, Catanduanes
TY Queenie November 8-12, 2006 195 kph Catanduanes,
Gust: 230 kph Camarines Provinces
TY Reming November 28- 195 kph Bicol Region
December 1, 2006 Gust: 230 kph
TY Seniang December 7-12, 2006 120 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 150 kph
TS Hanna September 27-30, 2007 65 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 80 kph Provinces, Catanduanes
TY Mina November 21-24, 2007 175 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 210 kph
TY Frank June 18-23, 2008 160 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 190 kph
TD Lawin August 25-28, 2008 55 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Provinces, Catanduanes
TY Marce September 8-14, 2008 175 kph Ctanduanes
Gust: 210 kph
TY Nina September 19-23, 2008 175 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 210 kph Provinces, Catanduanes
TS Pablo September 29- 65 kph Bicol Region
October 2, 2008 Gust: 80 kph
TS Quinta November 6-10, 2008 65 kph Masbate
Gust: 80 kph
Ty Dante May 1-5, 2009 140 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 170 kph
TS Feria June 23-26, 2009 75 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 90 kph
TS Ondoy September 24-27, 2009 110 kph Albay, Catanduanes,
Gust: 140 kph Camarines Provinces
TY Pepeng September 30- 195 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
October 10, 2009 Gust: 230 kph Provinces, Catanduanes
TY Santi October 28- 150 kph Bicol Region
November 1, 2009 Gust: 185 kph

47
Name of Tropical Date Occurred Sustained Winds Affected Areas in
Cyclone Near the Center Bicol Region
TD Urduja November 23-25, 2009 55 kph Bicol Region

TY Basyang July 12-15, 2010 120 kph Albay, Catanduanes,

Gust: 150 kph Camarines Provinces
TS Bebeng May 6-11, 2011 85 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 100 kph
TY Chedeng May 23-28, 2011 185 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 220 kph
TY Egay June 17-20, 2011 55 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Provinces, Catanduanes
TS Falcon June 21-25, 2011 65 kph Albay, Cams. Provinces,
Gust: 80 kph Catanduanes
TS Juaning July 25-28, 2011 85 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 100 kph Provinces, Catanduanes
TY Pedring September 24-28, 2011 140 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 170 kph Provinces, Catanduanes
TS Ramon October 10-13, 2011 65 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 80 kph
TS Sendong Deember 15-18, 2011 65 kph Sosogon, Masbate
Gust: 80 kph
TY Ambo May 31-June 5, 2012 65 kph Catanduanes, Cams.
Gust: 80 kph Sur, Cams. Norte
TS Ofel October 22-26, 2012 65 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 80 kph
TS Quinta December 25-27, 2012 65 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 80 kph Sur, Masbate, Ticao &
Burias Is.,Catanduanes
TD Bising January 11-13, 2013 45 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Provinces, Catanduanes
TS Gorio June 27-July 1, 2013 65 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 80 kph
TY Labuyo August 9-12, 2013 175 kph Albay, Sorsogon, Cams.
Gust: 210 kph Provinces, Ticao &
Burias Is.,Catanduanes
TY Santi October 6-13, 2013 150 kph Albay, Catanduanes,
Gust: 185 kph Camarines Provinces
TY Yolanda November 6-9, 2013 235 kph Bicol Region
Gust: 275 kph
Legend:
TD- Tropical Depression
TS- Tropical Storm
TY- Typhoon

48
 Annex 6
Institutional Environment at DA to Address DRR/CCA

The Department of Agriculture is the principal agency of the Philippine government

responsible for the promotion of agricultural development and growth. In pursuit of this
mandate, it provides policy framework, helps direct public investments, and in partnership
with LGUs provides the support services necessary to make agriculture and agri-based
enterprises profitable and to help spread the benefits of development to the poor,
particularly those in the rural areas.

The DA’s primary mission is to increase the real incomes of farmers and fisherfolk,
thereby contributing to the achievement of the national goals of alleviating poverty,
generating productive opportunities, fostering social justice and equity, and promoting
sustainable economic growth. Corollary to this mission are the following objectives: (a) to
help ensure food security and support the national effort toward self-sufficiency in rice and
corn; (b) to help attain a favorable balance of trade by enhancing the competitiveness of the
agricultural and fishery sector in both domestic and foreign markets; (c) to support the
development of farmer and fisherfolk organizations; and (d) to promote the development of
labor-intensive and employment-generating agro-industrial enterprises.

In fulfilling its mandate and mission, the DA performs the following functions: (a)
creation of policy environment conducive to increased incomes in agriculture; (b) provision
of agriculture and fishery infrastructure support such as irrigation facilities, farm-to-market
roads, fish ports, and others to encourage private sector investments in agriculture and
fisheries; (c) generation, verification, and dissemination of information relevant to
productivity and development; (d) production, testing, and dissemination of superior plant
and animal germplasm; (e) facilitation of market access and promotion of agro-based
enterprises; (f) perform regulatory function to: (i) prevent the overexploitation of resources
to ensure their long-term productivity, (ii) protect the health and safety of the populace, (iii)
prevent and/or contain the spread of plant, fish, and animal pests and diseases; (iv) prevent
manipulations in the markets of staple agricultural commodities and inputs, (v) protect
domestic agricultural producers from unfair competition of imports made cheap through
subsidies by exporting countries, (vi) implement international commodity agreements which
the Philippines has acceded to, and (vii) ensure the quality of Philippine agricultural exports
and increase their share in the world market; and (g) implementation of empowerment
programs to provide access to the benefits of development to groups which have been
disadvantaged due to inequitable distribution of resources of market failures.

At present, the DA is headed by the Secretary of Agriculture who is a member of the

Cabinet. The DA has five Undersecretaries for (a) Chief of Staff; (b) Administration and
Finance; (c) Field Operations; (d) Policy, Planning, Research and Regulation; and (e) Special
Concerns and six Assistant Secretaries for (a) Agri-Pinoy Program who is also a National
Coordinator; (b) Administration; (c) Field Operations; (d) Finance; (e) Fisheries; and (f)
Livestock. Under the Office of the Secretary are the following offices and services: (a)
Administrative Service; (b) Agriculture and Fisheries Information Service; (c) Agribusiness
and Marketing Assistance Service; (d) Field Operations Service; (e) Financial Management
Service; (f) Information Technology Center for Agriculture and Fisheries; (g) Planning
Service; (h) Policy Research Service; and (i) Project Development Service.

The DA is currently composed of eight bureaus, namely: (a) Agricultural Training

Institute; (b) Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Production Standards which has been

49
renamed Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards under R.A. No. 10601; (c) Bureau of
Agricultural Research; (d) Bureau of Agricultural Statistics; (d) Bureau of Animal Industry;
(e) Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources; (f) Bureau of Plant Industry; (g) Bureau of
Soils and Water Management; and (h) Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering
which is a new bureau under R.A. No. 10601.

With Climate Change Act of 2009 (R.A. 9729) which mandates the “mainstreaming of
climate change in policy formulation such that policies and measures that address climate
change are integrated in development planning and sectoral decision-making”, the DA has
put in place four strategic objectives to make DA’s plans and programs climate change
compliant or climate proof. These four strategic objectives are as follows: (a) to increase
the adaptive capacity and productivity potentials of agriculture and fisheries livelihoods by
modifying commodity combinations to better meet weather issues and natural
resource endowments; (b) to redefine or remap the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries
Development Zones (SAFDZ) by including climate change vulnerabilities as part of mapping
variables; (c) to redefine the agricultural development planning framework as a basis of
agriculture development planning by including key factors/variables associated with climate
change; and (d) to develop a new framework and plan for the provision of “new”
government agriculture services towards the accelerated development of climate smart
agriculture and fisheries industries.

In accordance with the four strategic objectives, the DA will pursue seven systems-
wide programs on climate change, namely:

(a) Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Initiatives in Agriculture

(AMIA)

The aims are to minimize DA’s institutional risks and protect government
investments; and adjust development programs/projects and approaches to
address climate change risks.

(b) Climate Information System (CIS)

The objective is to have a common database to generate timely and reliable data
for disaster risk reduction, planning, and management. The first prong is the
conduct of vulnerability and risk assessments of productive areas, and the second
is the establishment of agro-meteorological (agromet) stations in highly
vulnerable areas.

(c) Philippine Adaptation & Mitigation in Agriculture Knowledge Toolbox

The objective is to inventory, generate, and disseminate adaptive tools,

technologies, and practices, which users can readily use through the extension
services of the country, while research will pursue new tools and knowledge in
partnership with the scientific community.

(d) Climate-Smart Agriculture Infrastructure

DA will support the development of new designs and construction protocols for
agricultural infrastructure to withstand adverse effects of extreme weather
events, repair of existing systems to enhance resilience where necessary and
improvement of the design and management of irrigation systems to reduce

50
 leakage and optimize water use. Likewise, production and postharvest facilities,
including fishery infrastructure, will be made more climate-resilient.

(e) Financing and Risk Transfer Instruments on Climate Change

DA will develop new innovative financing schemes to help the agriculture

producers obtain financing, insurance, and guarantees for climate change related
projects and events especially vulnerable stakeholders in the agriculture and
fishery sector. A quick response fund will be set up to provide emergency
support to farmers in affected production areas.

(f) Climate-Smart Agriculture & Fisheries Regulations

The DA regulatory agencies will redesign their services to take into consideration
new technologies towards the promotion/development of climate-smart
agriculture. This is to ensure that new kinds of pesticides, fertilizers and other
inputs, as well as genetically modified crops and organisms, that may be created
or brought in to address the changing weather patterns will comply with
effectiveness and safety standards.

(g) Climate-Smart Agriculture Extension System

Led by the ATI and in partnership with the LGUs, SCUs, NGOs, and the private
sector, the entire agriculture and fishery extension infrastructure will be mobilized
to develop and implement a national extension system that will educate and
equip the stakeholders to deal with climate change including
adaptation and mitigation measures available for the agriculture and fishery
industries

The Climate Change Systems-Wide Programs of the DA will allow the Department to
better address climate change vulnerabilities and risks in crafting and implementing the
nation’s agriculture and fisheries modernization programs. The Climate Change Office under
the Undersecretary for Policy and Planning, which has been renamed as DA Systems-Wide
Climate Change Office, is directed to take the necessary catalytic steps to implement these
programs effective 2014.

With the enactment of R.A. 10121, the task of implementing disaster risk reduction
and management in agriculture is led by the Secretary of Agriculture. The entire
bureaucracy of the Department of Agriculture shall support the Secretary in this endeavor as
the law mandates that disaster risk reduction be mainstreamed into the development
processes of policy planning, budgeting, and governance. A committee composed of DA top
management including heads of DA attached agencies and bureaus shall serve as advisory
and policymaking body relative to disaster risk reduction and management. The
Undersecretary for Operations who is the focal person for DRRM in the DA, is tasked to
direct, control, monitor, and evaluate the implementation of the DRRM annual programs and
action plans of the DA.

Part of the DRRM plan of the DA is the establishment of the National Quick Response
Center (Response Center) which will serve as the hub for central coordinating point for alert
and monitoring, multi-agency operational coordination, and central point for obtaining,
analyzing, reporting disaster-related information. The Response Center will be headed by
the Assistant Secretary for Field Operations who will advise the Undersecretary for
Operations on important issues relevant to disaster management.

51
 Annex 7
Memorandum from DA Secretary
(Mainstreaming Climate Change in the DA Programs,
Plans & Budget )

January 25, 2013

MEMORANDUM

To: All Undersecretaries, Assistant Secretaries, Heads of Bureaus, Agencies,

RFUs andService
Directors
From: Proceso J. Alcala
Secretary

Subject: Mainstreaming Climate Change in the DA Programs, Plans & Budget

The Climate Change Act of 2009 (R.A. 9729) mandates the “mainstreaming of climate change
in policy formulation, such that policies and measures that address climate change are integrated
in development planning and sectoral decision-making.”
In pursuance of this mandate, I have approved last January 11, 2013 DA’s four strategic
objectives to make DA’s plans and programs climate change compliant or climate proof. At the same
time, I have affixed my approval of the DA’s seven systems-wide programs on climate change that
includes the APEC initiated “Adaptation and Mitigation Initiatives in Agriculture (AMIA). These are
shown below:

Strategic Objectives
a) To increase the adaptive capacity and productivity potentials of agriculture and fisheries
livelihoods by modifyingcommodity combinations to better meet weather issues and natural
resource endowments;
b) To redefine or remap the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ)
by including climate change vulnerabilities as part of mapping variables;

c) To redefine the agriculture development planning framework as a basis of agriculture

development planning by including key factors/variables associated with climate change;
d) To develop a new framework and plan for the provision of “new” government agriculture services
towards theaccelerated development of climate smart agriculture and fisheries industries.
In pursuit of the four strategic objectives in the development of DA’s programs and projects across all
functions and agencies, you are directed to take the necessary steps to migrate from the usual
planning framework in the preparation of your respective programs and project plans. Specifically,
you are advised to use agro-ecological zones, as overarching planning domain, with due
consideration to their watersheds and the corresponding climate change risks, both current and
projected. This means that national and regional agricultural development plans and programs need
to be climate change compliant. Essentially, therefore, they have to crafted into key regional strategic
agro-ecological zones before they are translated or contextualized into provincial or LGU plans.

DA Systems-Wide Programs on Climate Change

52
a) Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Initiatives in Agriculture (AMIA)
The aims are to minimize DA’s institutional risks and protect government investments; and adjust
development programs/projects and approaches to address CC risks.
b) Climate Information System (CIS)
The objective is to have a common database to generate timely and reliable data for disaster risk
reduction, planning, and management. The first prong is the conduct of vulnerability and risk
assessments of productive areas, and the second is the establishment of agro-meteorological
(agromet) stations in highly vulnerable areas.
c) Philippine Adaptation & Mitigation in Agriculture Knowledge Toolbox
The objective is to inventory, generate, and disseminate adaptive tools, technologies, and practices,
which users can readily use through the extension services of the country, while research will pursue
new tools and knowledge in partnership with the scientific community.
d) Climate-Smart Agriculture Infrastructure
DA will support the development of new designs and construction protocols for agricultural
infrastructure to withstand adverse effects of extreme weather events, repair of existing systems to
enhance resilience where necessary and improvement of the design and management of irrigation
systems to reduce leakage and optimize water use. Likewise, production and postharvest facilities,
including fishery infrastructure, will be made more climate-resilient.
e) Financing and Risk Transfer Instruments on Climate Change
DA will develop new innovative financing schemes to help the agriculture producers obtain
financing, insurance, and guarantees for climate change related projects and events especially
vulnerable stakeholders in the agriculture and fishery sector. A quick response fund will be set up to
provide emergency support to farmers in affected production areas.
f) Climate-Smart Agriculture & Fisheries Regulations
The DA regulatory agencies will redesign their services to take into consideration new technologies
towards the promotion/development of climate-smart agriculture. This is to ensure, among
others, that new kinds of pesticides, fertilizers and other inputs, as well as
genetically modified crops and organisms, that may be created or brought in to address the changing
weather patterns will comply with effectiveness and safety standards.
g) Climate-Smart Agriculture Extension System
Led by the ATI and in partnership with the LGUs, SCUs, NGOs, and the private sector, the entire
agriculture and fishery extension infrastructure will be mobilized to develop and implement a
national extension system that will educate and equip the stakeholders to deal with
climate change including adaptation and mitigation measures available for the agriculture and
fishery industries.

The Climate Change Systems-Wide Programs (CCSWP) of the DA cut across policy instruments and
agencies of the Department. These core system’s wide programs will allow the Department to better
address climate change vulnerabilities and risks in crafting and implementing the nation’s agriculture
and fisheries modernization programs. Therefore, I am directing the Climate Change Office under the
Undersecretary for Policy & Planning, to take the necessary catalytic steps to get these programs
launched effective this year in partnerships with both internal and external stakeholders. In due
consideration to this responsibility, the DA Climate Change Office is hereby renamed as DA Systems-
Wide Climate Change Office (SWCCO). I am also directing the Financial Management Service to
allocate the necessary resources for the successful implementation of the CCSWP.

This directive is a key strategic move to better address climate change considerations including
vulnerabilities and risks in agriculture. As we all know, climate change cuts across political boundaries

53
of provinces and municipalities as in the recent cases of Ondoy, Sendong, and Pablo.

I fully understand that the move to make the DA plans and programs wholly climate-change
responsive or climate proof requires new skills and additional resources. But I know that you
understand and appreciate that there is no other way to better address the needs of our people and
the country today and in the future. Therefore, I look forward to your full cooperation and support on
this matter.

Please be guided accordingly.

54
 Annex 8
Output During the Consultation and Planning Workshop for the Preparation of the
Regional PoA for DRR in Agriculture Last October 31, 2013

GAPS/ISSUES & PROPOSED ACTIVITIES/

CURRENT
CONCERNS (policies, INTERVENTION RESOURCES/
PRIORITY AREA SPECIFIC FIELDS INITIATIVES/PROGRAM &
institutional REQUIREMENTS
PROJECTS
arrangements)
(a) Institutional (b) Planning (DRM Plans)  Special projects: includes  Some LGUs have no
capacities (c) Vulnerability assessment preparedness/relief allocated funds for agri.
(includes DA, (d) GP option identification & component  Absence of DRR/CCA for
BAACs and SCUs, selection  (BFAR) Mainstreaming of agri. template
LGUs, NGOs, and (e) Early warning and farm DRRM in project proposals/  LGU’s – some do not
Farmers’ weather bulletin plans designate DRR officers
Organization) (f) PDNA tools and  (DILG)Integration of LDRRM  DA-with capacity but
methodology (& CCA) Plan/s in the CDP limited to DRR/CCA
(Coordination/Monitoring)  (DILG) TOT preparation of implementers
(g) Program implementation local climate change action  (DILG) Absence of
plan separate local climate
change action plan
 (DILG) LDRRM plans not in
accordance with OCD’s
template & w/o menu of
PPA’s on agri.
(b) DRR/CCA (a) Risk transfer mechanisms  GEO-texting GRID  Low utilization of PCIC  Institutionalize the use
interventions in (crop insurance) establishment  Full understanding of of Geo-Nets in other
agri (pre-disaster (b) Hazard mapping  CCA cropping technology LGU’s RE DRR Law Bicol provinces
and early (c) Climate outlook & farm  Adherence to develop  Lack of PH Facilities  Review guidelines/
warning) advisories cropping calendar  Lack /No fisherfolk requirements of PCIC
(d) Seed storage system  Fisherfolk registration resettlement areas  IEC campaigns
(e) Livestock Evacuation Census for Agriculture and  Improvement of design
(f) Farm machineries/ fisheries (on-going) and management of
structure/PH facilities/FMR irrigation system
 Fisher farmers do not

55
 PRIORITY AREA SPECIFIC FIELDS
(3) Response and (a) Seed/input distribution
rehabilitation (b) Damage assessment
(c) Coordination among
institutions
(d) Farm machineries
(e) Food sufficiency level
monitoring
(f) Price monitoring
(4) Research & (a) GP options evaluation/
Extension testing
(Mainstreaming at (b) HVCA
the field level) (c) Cropping calendar
(d) Crop modelling for EW
(e) CFFS
(f) Techno demo
CURRENT
INITIATIVES/PROGRAM &
PROJECTS
 Do capacity building on
damage assessment and
reporting for LGUs
 PCPP, CSDP,SFP and Kaanib
Projects
 Intercropping assistance
 Input assistance: (fingerlings,
seaweed seedling , fishing
gears)
 (NFA)Buffer stocking – 30
days rice reserve
 Aggressive palay procurement
 Support price within
countries
 Seed production of rice and
other commodities to include
other staple foods
 Stress tolerant varieties for
rice
 Planting of appropriate and
tolerant varieties on season
ahead
 CSB w/ approximate seed
storage facility
 Participatory Varietal
Selection
 Informal Seed System
 Training on Seed Production
56
GAPS/ISSUES & PROPOSED ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES/
CONCERNS (policies, INTERVENTION REQUIREMENTS
institutional
arrangements)
avail crop insurance
services of PCIC.
 Some LGU’s don’t  Intensification of
submit or submit intercropping of root
sometimes bloated crops under coconut
report  Monitoring of affected
 Some damage reports areas for crops , # of
are not reflective on the animals/Livestock and
actual damage volume in fisheries
 (BAS) Data on production  Collect production
does not jibe w/ data
OPAG(LGU)  Collects prices of
agricultural
commodities (farm,
Retail and wholesale
prices)
 GMO vs. Organic
Aquaculture
 R&D is mostly rice
 Feeds security problem
on livestock on
evacuation centers
 GMA for non-food
Abaca- resistant to
disaster
 Lack of policy research
 Problem on extension on
farm level understanding
 PRIORITY AREA SPECIFIC FIELDS CURRENT GAPS/ISSUES & PROPOSED ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES/
INITIATIVES/PROGRAM & CONCERNS (policies, INTERVENTION REQUIREMENTS
PROJECTS institutional
arrangements)
 Mapping and identifying of
areas
(5) Knowledge (a) Compendium of GPOs  TOT on GIS for climate and  Lack of maps at the LGU  Conduct of training on
management (b) CFFS Flip Chart each vulnerability reduction level (If there are maps, GIS mapping in
system (c) GIS Mapping -Training for local no attached file on coordination w/ DA to
functionaries on GIS agriculture) take into
 On-going GIS –mapping of all consideration agri
fishery areas/project facilities culture data.

57
 Annex 9
List of Workshop Meetings and Participants

Brainstorming Workshop in the Province of Albay for the Formulation

of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture
RakDell Inn, San Pedro, Virac, Catanduanes, Philippines
January 17, 2013

Name Designation Office

1. Josephine S. Binavidez Technical Staff MDRRMO
2. Ricardo Lucadio Municipal Agriculturist -
3. Armado R. De Lima Associate Professor Bicol University
4. Ninfa Ranero Agriculturist I -
5. Sharlene O. Usero Agricultural Technologist MAS-Biga
6. Florentino Tatel Agricultural Technologist -
7. Evelina Tumampil Municipal Agricultural Officer -
8. Roberto G. Ceballo Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Biga
9. Daisy Salalicu Municipal Agricultural Officer -
10. Fuchia May Aguilar MDRRMO Designate -
11. Edgar Nava MDRRMO Designate -
12. Floyd A. Francia Technical Staff PPO-Catanduanes
13. Eduardo Taopo, Jr. Agricultural Technologist -
14. Lito T. Barba Municipal Agriculturist -
15. Jessie A. Urbano Municipal Agriculturist -
16. Jimma V. Taboy Agricultural Technologist -
17. Domingo Bernal MDRRMO Designate -
18. Allen U Isorena Municipal Agriculturist -
19. Jose T. Dio MDRRMO Designate -
20. Josefina F. Cereza Agricultural Technologist -
21. Luis O. Amano Project Staff, BU Team Bicol University
22. Erwin T. Torres Project Staff, BU Team Bicol University
23. Lora O. Panga Project Staff. CBSUA Team CBSUA
24. Rita N. Talay Project Staff. CBSUA Team CBSUA
25. Ma. Luisa Lanzuela Project Staff. CBSUA Team CBSUA
26. Rena N. Rabacal Project Staff. CBSUA Team CBSUA
27. Delfin T. Samar Agricultural Technologist MAS-Bato
28. Pablo Taller Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Panganiban
29. Nieva G. Santelices APDRRMO PDRRMO-Catanduanes
30. Alex Atian Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V
31. Edgardo Dela Torre Project Consultant FAO

58
Brainstorming Workshop in the Province of Albay for the Formulation
of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture
Mango Grill, Magsaysay Avenue, Sorsogon City, Philippines
January 30, 2013

Name Designation Office

1. Danilo L. Dolosa Agricultural Technologist MAS-Juban
2. Manuel L. Bongat MDRRMO Officer MDRRMO-Castilla
3. Vicente Nepomuceno Officer-in-Charge CAS-Sorsogon City
4. Cely S. Binoya Professor VI CBSUA
5. Ramiro M. Llanera Agricultural Technologist CAS-Sorsogon City
6. Benigno A. Bejison Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Casiguran
7. Luisito Mendoza MDRRMO Officer MDRRO-Casiguran
8. Daniel Binoya Project Staff, CBSUA Team CBSUA
9. Edgardo H. Gran Agricultural Technologist MAS-Casiguran
10. Edita B. Ballaran Agricultural Technologists -
11. Myra P. Escarda Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Sta. Magdalena
12. Marion F. Futol Technical Staff MDRRMO-Sta. Magdalena
13. Victor A. Yee Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Pilar
14. Vernon E. Habol Agricultural Technologist MAS-Casiguran
15. Marilyn M. Quiñones Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Castilla
16. Rowena E. Ganace Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Barcelona
17. Arnold D. Despuig Agricultural Technologist MAS-Prieto Diaz
18. Lileth B. Lascano GAD-RTO -
19. Salvadora M. Gavino Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V
20. Nancy D. Guirindola APCO OPA-Sorsogon
21. Edgardo Dela Torre Project Consultant FAO
22. Vladimir R. Foronda Project Staff, CBSUA Team CBSUA
23. Carlos V. Cortez, Jr. Project Staff, BU Team Bicol University
24. Rene Eugenia B. Mercado Project Staff, CBSUA Team CBSUA
25. Ester B. Furmanes Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Bulusan
26. Rolly Benito B. Estubaya Municipal Nursery Aide MAS-Gubat
27. Teresita B. Sarmiento Agricultural Technologist MAS-Gubat
28. Rowena F. Bron Agricultural Technologist MAS-Gubat
29. Rafael M. Burton Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Magallanes
30. Clara O. Garrido Agricultural Technologist MAS-Matnog
31. Michael O. Grefaldeo Technical Staff MDRRMO-Juban
32. Ramil M. Buitizon Aquaculturist II OPA-Sorsogon
33. Rhalen Endino Technical Staff MDRRMO-Gubat
34. Nestor A. Nava Senior Agriculturist OPA-Sorsogon
35. Roberto D. Fortes Agriculturist II OPA-Sorsogon
36. Alex Atian Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V

59
Brainstorming Workshop in the Province of Albay for the Formulation
of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture
Kanzo Hall, Legazpi City, Philippines
March 5, 2013

Name Designation Office

1. Ernesto S. dela Torre Agriculturist III PAS-Albay
2. Edilmira M. Buena Agricultural Technologist Regional Office
3. Eugene Escobar Technical Staff APSEMO-Albay
4. Karen B. Bolanos Agricultural Technologist MAS-Camalig
5. Jovito R. Lorigan, Jr. Technical Staff MDRRMO-Oas
6. Justino V. Luna Technical Staff MDRRMO-Jovellar
7. Leonila V. Coralde Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Tiwi
8. Jonel V. Llagas Agricultural Technologist MAS-Polangui
9. Misael R. Olaguira Agricultural Technologist MAS-Rapurapu
10. Jess J. Kallos City Agriculturist CAS-Legazpi City
11. Carlos V. Cortez, Jr. Asst. Professor Bicol University
12. Zandro Bilaro Technical Staff MDRRMO-Malilipot
13. Winston Dycoco Technical Staff LGU-Libon
14. Edgardo Dela Torre Project Consultant FAO
15. Herminia Q. Napire Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Camalig
16. Florencio G. Reberta, Jr. Agricultural Technologist MAS-Camalig
17. Juan B. Malavega Agricultural Technologist MAS-Rapurapu
18. Jonathan Satuito Technical Staff LGU-Libon
19. Dominador B. Bolo Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Malilipot
20. Cristina Villaraza Agricultural Technologist CAS-Legazpi
21. Florante P. Siapno Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Guinobatan
22. Leonardo R. Ondiz Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Oas
23. Perpetua B. Cipres Agricultural Technologist CAS-Tabaco
24. Charephel Y. Vibar Technical Staff MDRRMO-Camalig
25. Ely Dolot - LGU-Legazpi
26. Alex Atian Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V
27. Salvadora B. Gavino Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V
28. Aida Tusara Planning Officer DA RFU V

60
Validation Workshop in the Province of Camarines Norte for the Formulation
of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture
Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, Daet, Camarines Norte
September 12, 2013

Name Designation Office

1. Amador M. Magana MDRRMO Officer MDRRMO-Talisay
2. Manuel Del Rosario Senior Agricuturist OPA-Camarines Norte
3. Raphy Bilarin Agriculturist II OPA-Camarines Norte
4. Eddie P. Cañamero Municipal Agriculturist MAS-San Lorenzo Ruiz
5. Adel A. Zamudio Technical Staff MDRRMO-Paracale
6. Amalia I Cañamero PDO II PPDO-Camarines Norte
7. Felicisima M. Velasco Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Talisay
8. Tito N. Villafranca Agricultural Technologist MAS-Larap
9. Ramon B. Lagatuz Technical Staff MDRRMO-Labo
10. Esther V. Macabuhay Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Daet
11. Fidel R. Oco Asst. Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Basud
12. Rodel G. Chavez Technical Staff MDRRMO-San Lorenzo Ruiz
13. Maria Gisela C. Nasol Administrative Officer OPA-Camarines Norte
14. Domingo B. Baloloy Technical Staff MDRRMO-San Vicente
15. Rolly Villania Technical Staff MDRRMO-San Vicente
16. Sally Arciga Technical Staff OPA-Camarines Norte
17. Catherine Joy Untalan Technical Staff OPA-Camarines Norte
18. Perfecto Evidon, Jr. Agricultural Technologist MAS-Jose Panganiban
19. Alvin Naing Technical Staff MDRRMO-Daet
20. Melvin Asuncion Technical Staff MDRRMO-Daet
21. Dante Miranda Technical Staff MDRRMO-Basud
22. Jennie Narna Technical Staff OPA-Camarines Norte
23. Gemma Jaucian Technical Staff OPA-Camarines Norte
24. Edgardo Dela Torre Project Consultant FAO
25. Salvadora B. Gavino Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V
26. Alex Atian Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V
27. Arnel S. Ferrer Technical Staff PDRRMO-Camarines Norte
28. Joe S. Ormillo Asst. PDRRMO Officer PDRRMO-Camarines Norte

61
Validation Workshop in the Province of Camarines Sur for the Formulation
of the POA for DRRM in Agriculture
Conference Room, DA-RFU V, Pili, Camarines Sur
September 18, 2013

Name Designation Office

1. Gil Gabriel H. Bordado Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Calabanga
2. Jesse Arnel P. Duran Municipal Agriculturist
3. Edgar A. Collao Municipal Agriculturist MAS-Buhi
4. Geralyn P. Villar Agriculturist MAS-Nabua
5. Leonardo Manzo Agricultural Technologist -
6. Lorenzo Alvina Agriculturist I DA-RFU V
7. Ramon B. Romero Planning Officer/MDRRMO -
8. Carmelita C. Marquez MDRRMO Designate -
9. Jessie Saguenza MDRRMO LGU-Buhi
10. Edgardo Dela Torre Project Consultant FAO
11. Salvadora B. Gavino Technical Staff FAO-DA RFU V

62
Produced through the project “Enhancing Capacities for
Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture: Philippines Component.”

The project boosts replication of pre-tested good practice options,

and promotes the installment and use of climate services for agriculture,
and improved risk and loss assessment tools and methods within different
government organizations involved in the mainstreaming of DRR and CCA
in the agriculture sector.