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1. The civilization is sometimes referred to as the Indus Ghaggar-Hakra civilization or the Indus-Sarasvati
civilization. The appellation Indus-Sarasvati is based on the possible identification of the Ghaggar-Hakra
River with the Sarasvati River of the Nadistuti sukta in the Rig Veda, but this usage is disputed on
linguistic and geographical grounds.[3][)][8]

 <6

1. "Indus Civilization Introduction" 7. Possehl, G. L. (October ">> )। "Revolution in

(http://www.harappa.com/har/indus- the Urban Revolution: The Emergence of Indus
saraswati.html)। Harappa.com। , 8-" -"। Urbanization"
# %! , "-",-,। (http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/toc/anthro
2. http://uk.encarta.msn.com /19/1?cookieSet=1)। Annual Review of
/encyclopedia_761556839 Anthropology 19: 261–282।
/indus_valley_civilization.html &FoBi:10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001401
3. "An Ancient Indus Valley Civilization Metropolis" (http://dx.doi.org
(http://www.mohenjodaro.net /10.1146%2Fannurev.an.19.100190.001401)।
/mohenjodaroessay.html)। Mohenjo-daro। # %! , - )- 8। |month=  &= aя0,
# %! , "-",-,। uk (r0 ( )See map on page 263 udV
4. Ching, Francis D. K.; Jarzombek, Mark;Prakash, tr<: <ref> <E af1N; 0;
 1B1st h
Vikramaditya (, 8)। A Global History of "possehl" 5
e6N6 1 :j 6 k
Architecture। Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley & Sons। 8. Indian Archaeology, A Review. 1958-1959.
 %: 28–32। Bie&e0 0471268925। |coauthors= Excavations at Alamgirpur. Delhi: Archaeol.
 &= aя0, uk (r0 ( ) Surv. India, pp. 51–52.
5. McIntosh 2001,  %. 24।
6. Ratnagar, Shereen (, 8)। Trading
Encounters: From the Euphrates to the Indus in
the Bronze Age। Oxford University Press, India।
Bie&e0 019568088X।
 9. Leshnik, Lawrence S. (October ">84)। "The
Harappan "Port" at Lothal: Another View"
(http://links.jstor.org
/sici?sici=0002-7294(196810)2%3A70%3A5%3
C911%3ATH%22ALA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2)।
American Anthropologist, New Series, 70 (5):
911–922।
&FoBi:10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00070
17. Chandler, Graham (September/October ">>>)।
"Traders of the Plain"
(http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue
/199905/traders.of.the.plain.htm)। Saudi
Aramco World: 34–42। |month=  &= aя0,
uk (r0 ( )
18. Dales, George F. (">8,)। "Harappan Outposts
on the Makran Coast"। Antiquity 36 (142): 86।
(http://dx.doi.org
/10.1525%2Faa.1968.70.5.02a00070)। # %!
, - )- 8। |month=  &= aя0, uk
(r0 ( )
10. Beck, Roger B.; Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger,
Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, (">>>)।
World History: Patterns of Interaction।
Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell।
Bie&e0 0-395-87274-X। |coauthors=
 &= aя0, uk (r0 ( )
11. "'Earliest writing' found" (http://news.bbc.co.uk
/1/hi/sci/tech/334517.stm)। BBC News।
">>>- )- 3। # %! , " - "- )।
12. Masson, Charles ("43,)। "Chapter 2: Haripah"
(http://www.harappa.com/har/masson310.html)।
Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan,
Afghanistan and the Panjab; including a
19. Rao, Shikaripura Ranganatha (">)। Lothal
and the Indus civilization। London: Asia
Publishing House। Bie&e0 0210222786।
20. Kenoyer 1998,  %. 96
21. Dani, Ahmad Hassan ("> -">")।
"Excavations in the Gomal Valley"। Ancient
Pakistan (5): 1–177।
22. Joshi, J. P.; Bala, M. (">4,)। "Manda: A
Harappan site in Jammu and Kashmir"। in
Possehl, Gregory L. (ed.)। Harappan
Civilization: A recent perspective। New Delhi:
Oxford University Press।  %: 185–95।
|coauthors=  &= aя0, uk (r0 ( )
23. A. Ghosh (m()। "Excavations at
Alamgirpur"। Indian Archaeology, A Review
(1958-1959)। Delhi: Archaeol. Surv. India।
 %: 51–52।
residence in those countries from 1826 to 1838।
London: Richard Bentley।  %: 472। "A long
march preceded our arrival at Haripah, through
jangal of the closest description.... When I
joined the camp I found it in front of the village
and ruinous brick castle. Behind us was a large
circular mound, or eminence, and to the west
was an irregular rocky height, crowned with the
remains of buildings, in fragments of walls, with
niches, after the eastern manner.... Tradition
affirms the existence here of a city, so
considerable that it extended to Chicha Watni,
thirteen cosses distant, and that it was
destroyed by a particular visitation of
Providence, brought down by the lust and
crimes of the sovereign." Note that the coss, a
measure of distance used from Vedic period to
Mughal times, is approximately , i*
24. Ray, Himanshu Prabha (, )। The
Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South
Asia। Cambridge University Press।  %: 95।
Bie&e0 0521011094।
25. Dales, George F. (">>)। "The Balakot Project:
summary of four years excavations in Pakistan"।
in Maurizio Taddei (ed.)। South Asian
Archaeology 1977। Naples: Seminario di Studi
Asiatici Series Minor 6. Instituto Universitario
Orientate।  %: 241–274।
26. Bisht, R. S. (">4>)। "A new model of the
Harappan town planning as revealed at
Dholavira in Kutch: a surface study of its plan
and architecture"। in Chatterjee, Bhaskar (ed.)।
History and Archaeology। New Delhi:
Ramanand Vidya Bhawan।  %: 379–408।
Bie&e0 8185205469।
27. Mughal, M. R. 1982। "Recent archaeological
(., &(&).
13. Davreau, Robert (">8)। "Indus Valley"। in
Reader's Digest। World's Last Mysteries।
14. Cunningham, A., 1875. Archaeological Survey
28.
of India, Report for the Year 1872-73, 5: 105-8
and pl. 32-3. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of
India.
15. Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (">>")। "The Indus
Valley tradition of Pakistan and Western India"।
Journal of World Prehistory 5: 1–64।
&FoBi:10.1007/BF00978474 (http://dx.doi.org
29.
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30.
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