TSE - Design of Floors For Vibration

Friday, 06 March 2015
Design of Floors for Vibration
Paul Watson Meng ACGI CEng MIStructE

Technical Advisory Engineer
Tata Steel Europe
Contents
• Introduction
• Simplified Design Approach
• Determine response factor, R, for floor
• Check against acceptance criteria
• Plan B
Variable Dose Values
µr & µe
W
• Special cases
• Summary
2
Design of Floors for Vibration
Custom and practice
• Design beams to 4 Hz
• Loading = swt, c+s, 10% imposed
• This approach
• probability of adverse comment
• likelihood of resonant excitation
• prevents catastrophe
• gives no indication of performance
3
P354 – Design of Floors for Vibration
What’s inside?
• Floor vibration from internal sources

• primarily foot fall
• some guidance on staircases and crowd activities
• Analysis method employing FEM

• Simplified design method
• Accelerations give the measure of performance
• Acceptance criteria
• Retrofit & remedial strategies
• Special cases
4
What’s inside?
• Mathematical expressions as far as the eye can see

• Which one(s) do I use?
• Gone from simple statics to dynamics
(more complex)
5
The BIG picture
• Check the frequency

• Of what?
• Why?
• Calculate acceleration
• Compare with acceptance criteria
6
The BIG Picture
Check the frequency
fp is the forcing frequency (walking pace)

fn is the natural frequency (system frequency)
fp/fn=0.67
DMF also applies to structural forces

7
The BIG Picture
Element & system frequencies
Two component system: Say 6m span pc onto steel beam
1
2
1
f0 = = 3.1Hz
1 1
2
+ 2
5 4
Three component system: Traditional composite floor

1
2
1
f0 = = 2.8Hz
1 1 1
2
+ 2
+ 2
20 4 4
8
The BIG Picture
Calculate acceleration
Acceleration of a low frequency floor from P354 is ..
0.1Q
aw,rms = µe µr Wρ
2 2Mζ
It’s essentially Newtons second law
F
a=
m
9
• Introduction
• Plan B
µr & µe
W
• Special cases
• Summary
P354: Fig 6.5: pg 45

10
Determine Floor Response Factor, R
The steps in the process
1. Define natural frequency of floor (Section 7.1)

• Referred to as fundamental frequency too!
2. Check against minimum frequency values (7.2)

3. Determine modal mass (7.3)
4. Determine response acceleration (7.5)
5. Calculate response factor, R (7.6)
• Referred to as multiplier in earlier sections!
11
Frequency
• Walking pace frequency fp:

• 1.8Hz fp 2.2Hz
• Element frequency
• Beams & slab 3Hz
• System/floor frequency
• f0 3Hz
• f0 > fp
• therefore resonance avoided
12
Define natural frequency of floor
• Fundamental frequency estimated

• using engineering judgement on
• likely deflected shape (mode shape)
• For simple composite floor

• Two possible mode shapes
Secondary beam mode
Primary beam mode
13
• Secondary beam mode

• Primary beams
Form nodal lines - zero deflection
• Secondary beams
simply supported
• Slab
continuous over secondary beams
fixed-ended boundary condition
14
• Primary beam mode

• Primary beams
vibrate about the columns as simply supported
members
• Secondary beams
fixed-ended
• Slab
continuous over secondary beams
fixed-ended boundary condition
15
• Determine the deflection,
16
Primary Beam Secondary

Slab deflection
deflection Beam deflection
• Looks complicated but is derived from the standard deflection

equations
17
m dead load + max 10% imposed load (kg/m2) (4.1.2)

g acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s2)
E elastic modulus of steel
Ib composite second moment of area of secondary beam
(m4) using beff = L/4 or b, whichever is the smaller
Ip composite second moment of area of primary beam (m4)
using using beff = L/4 or primary beam spacing,
whichever is the smaller
18
Is second moment of area of slab per unit width in steel

units using the dynamic value of elastic modulus (m4/m)
(4.1.3 – E = 38kN/mm2 for normal weight concrete)
19
• Element/system frequency calculated from
• Where d is the deflection

• Or system frequency derived from elemental frequencies using
Dunkerley’s equation
20

Referred to as fundamental frequency too!

Referred to as multiplier in earlier sections!
21
Check against minimum frequency values
• Walking pace frequency fp:

• 1.8Hz fp 2.2Hz
• Element frequency
• Beams & slab 3Hz
• System/floor frequency
• f0 3Hz
• f0 > fp
• therefore resonance avoided
22


23
Determine modal mass
m has already been calculated
24
Note:
ny 4 &
nx 4
25
Note:
ny 4 &
nx 4
26
Determine response acceleration


27
28
29
Worst case take as 1 (7.4)
30
31
32
33
34
35


36
37
• Introduction
• Plan B
µr & µe
W
• Special cases
• Summary
38
Check R Against Acceptance Criteria
Table 5.2
39
Check R Against Acceptance Criteria
Table 5.3
40
Theory & practice
Overall
Finishes
Beam depth f0
Bay size slab ζ
Project Sec/Pri R
(m) depth (Hz) (%)
(mm)
(mm)
625/571
Hospital 1 13.2 7.2 300 A 9.0 2.75 0.25
Cellular Beams
Hospital 1 D 6.4 3.40 0.34
700/700
Hospital 2 15 x 7.5 175 A 4.9 0.50 0.58
Cellular Beams
St Richard’s 335+80
5.9 5.5 300ASB153/- E 9.5 1.30 0.29
Hospital screed
Sunderland
6.8 5.7 337 300ASB185/- B 9.6 4.80 0.54
Royal Infirmary
A= Services: B= A + partitions: D= B + false ceiling: E= B + false floor + furniture
P354: Design of Floors for Vibration

• Introduction
• Plan B
µr & µe
W
• Special cases
• Summary
42
VDV’s
• If R > multiplying factors

• Consider VDV’s
• May not be allowed in the specification
• Operating Theatres such a case
• If VDV approach allowed

• Determine maximum number of crossings/hour from Figures 7.6 or 7.7
43
VDV’s
44
VDV’s
45
VDV’s
• If R > multiplying factors & VDV’s allowed

• Determine maximum allowable number of crossings/hour from Figures 7.6
or 7.7
• Determine actual floor traffic
• If allowable > actual
Job done – floor satisfactory
• If allowable< actual
Alter walking paths – eg. introduce doors on long corridors
Consider FE analysis to reduce e and r factors
46
Plan B
µe & µr
47
Plan B
W – Frequency Weighting
• Greater sensitivity to vibration on

• X-axis and
• Y-axis
48
Plan B
49
Plan B
50
• For z-axis vibrations: -
• Usually only concerned with z-axis

• For x & y-axis
• 0.005 0.0035 and R
51
• Introduction
• Plan B
µr & µe
W
• Special cases
• Summary
52
Special Cases
• Floors subject to rhythmic activities (8.1)

• Hospital floors (8.2)
• Light steel floors (8.3)
• Car parks (8.4)
• f0 > 3Hz
• R < 65 for bare floors, with damping ratio of 1.1%
• References guidance in Car Park brochure on BCSA memory stick
53
Summary
ULS
• Check the Frequency
• Resonance ?
SLS
Check the Acceleration
Calculate Response
Compare to Multipliers
54

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Friday, 06 March 2015

Design of Floors for Vibration

Paul Watson Meng ACGI CEng MIStructE

• Floor vibration from internal sources

• Analysis method employing FEM

• Mathematical expressions as far as the eye can see

• Check the frequency

fp is the forcing frequency (walking pace)

DMF also applies to structural forces

Two component system: Say 6m span pc onto steel beam

Three component system: Traditional composite floor

Acceleration of a low frequency floor from P354 is ..

It’s essentially Newtons second law

P354: Fig 6.5: pg 45

1. Define natural frequency of floor (Section 7.1)

2. Check against minimum frequency values (7.2)

• Walking pace frequency fp:

• Fundamental frequency estimated

• For simple composite floor

• Secondary beam mode

• Primary beam mode

• Determine the deflection,

Primary Beam Secondary

• Looks complicated but is derived from the standard deflection

m dead load + max 10% imposed load (kg/m2) (4.1.2)

Is second moment of area of slab per unit width in steel

• Element/system frequency calculated from

• Where d is the deflection

1. Define natural frequency of floor (Section 7.1)

2. Check against minimum frequency values (7.2)

• Walking pace frequency fp:

1. Define natural frequency of floor (Section 7.1)

2. Check against minimum frequency values (7.2)

m has already been calculated

1. Define natural frequency of floor (Section 7.1)

2. Check against minimum frequency values (7.2)

Worst case take as 1 (7.4)

1. Define natural frequency of floor (Section 7.1)

2. Check against minimum frequency values (7.2)

Hospital 1 D 6.4 3.40 0.34

A= Services: B= A + partitions: D= B + false ceiling: E= B + false floor + furniture

P354: Design of Floors for Vibration

• If R > multiplying factors

• If VDV approach allowed

• If R > multiplying factors & VDV’s allowed

• Greater sensitivity to vibration on

• For z-axis vibrations: -

• Usually only concerned with z-axis

• Floors subject to rhythmic activities (8.1)

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