Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STEP-UP CONVERTER
-Oh
L.
m
Inverter
~ 'ac • 1—
3-phase
92
20+---+---+----3.5A-r------I
, _ _- - . 2• SA
le-r---""i-----tb~-+--~_--;---L-----
2A
L_ _. + - - - - - - 1 . 5 A
3 12-+----+---I1ftI'-+---~
_0 I_ _~_+-_I-_IA
93
i 2A/div
in 0.5 A/div D
v 50V/div
v
ns 50V/div DS
t 0.05 lls/div
t 0.05 lJs/div
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
Figure 4. Inductive Turn-Off (VOO=300V, iG(on)= Figure 5. Resistive Turn-On (VOS(off)=200V, iO(on)=
O.SA, vGS(off)=-4.2V after the switching IDA) •
transients are over).
94
2.2 Snubber C i r c u i t and t h e B - S I T G a t e D r i v e During turn-on, without a turn-on snubber
F i g u r e 6 shows t h e c o m p l e t e s n u b b e r c i r c u i t f o r i n d u c t o r L , a v e r y l a r g e c u r r e n t w o u l d r e s u l t and
s
2 A/div
D"
50 V/div
7 DS :
100 ns/div
TO CURRENT
MEASUREMENT
AMPLIFIER
i : D 2A/div
v D S : 50 V/div
Figure 8. Turn-On w i t h Snubbers (V =330V,
0 =
t: 50 ns/div 6.5A). l n
p
FROM C O M P
95
2.3 C o n t r o l of the Step-Up Converter I d e a l l y , to simulate t h i s r i p p l e , the input to the
Figure 10 shows t h e o v e r a l l arrangement and integrator I i n f i g u r e 11 s h o u l d be t h e voltage
f i g u r e 11 shows t h e c o n t r o l c i r c u i t . A feedback across the inductor L-j . In order t o avoid using
n
d r o p s p l u s V Q S when t h e B - S I T i s on and t h e n e g a
figure 11, P(I) indicates a slight' integration to t i v e comparator output equals the negative supply
remove t h e h i g h f r e q u e n c y n o i s e . v o l t a g e when t h e B - S I T i s o f f . I t s h o u l d be n o t e d
A t t h i s p o i n t , t h e e r r o r between t h e a m p l i f i e d t h a t the average value of t h e i n p u t t o the i n t e g r a
value of the actual rectified line current t o r i s n o t i m p o r t a n t s i n c e i t i s t a k e n c a r e o f by
Mine,rect * t h e r e f e r e n c e c u r r e n t can be f e d t o
a n c
di L i
D«v +(l-6)(v v ] 1 n i r r 0
L
dt L
;
i n
1
MINE, RECT Cv -(l-«)v ] i n 0
eff L 6 V
o
m
using Laplace Transform
iL _ Vq
To Gate
Drive 6 SL i n
Amplifier
w h i c h shows t h a t t h e s t e p - u p c o n v e r t e r repre
s e n t s a f i r s t o r d e r s y s t e m and s h o u l d n o t p r e s e n t a
s t a b i l i t y problem i n the feedback l o o p .
96
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
i ;
T 1 A/div
Figure 12 shows o n e - h a l f c y c l e of the line
in
c u r r e n t a t a dc bus v o l t a g e o f 325V and t h e o u t p u t
power o f 1 kw.
The o v e r a l l e f f i c i e n c y f r o m t h e l i n e i n p u t t o
the dc bus output was measured by means of
C l a r k - H e s s w a t t m e t e r s and was f o u n d t o be i n a
r a n g e o f 97 t o 98.5% f o r t h i s 1 kw d e v i c e . This
r e p r e s e n t s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1% l o w e r e f f i c i e n c y com
pared t o the c o n v e n t i o n a l diode r e c t i f i e r bridge
w i t h o u t a s t e p - u p c o n v e r t e r and w i t h o u t any dc l i n k
f i l t e r inductance. By means o f t h e h e a t s i n k t e m -
p a t u r e r i s e m e a s u r e m e n t s , t h e t o t a l B-SIT s w i t c h i n g
and c o n d u c t i o n l o s s e s a t 1 kw and a t a s w i t c h i n g
f r e q u e n c y o f 100 kHz were f o u n d t o be o n l y 9 w a t t s .
I t was o b s e r v e d t h a t t h e B-SIT r e q u i r e s a v e r y
low g a t e drive power. Due to antisaturation
d i o d e s , the gate c u r r e n t a d j u s t s t o the t r a n s i s t o r
current t o keep i t a t t h e edge o f saturation.
M o r e o v e r , i n a s t e p - u p c o n v e r t e r b e i n g used f o r a
s i n e w a v e r e c c t i f i c a t i o n , when t h e i n p u t c u r r e n t i|_ •oi 1
due t o a s i m u l t a n e o u s l y l o w V the t r a n s i s t o r
i n j a n d
out -
is mostly on.
p = 1 k w
5. CONCLUSIONS
I t i s p o s s i b l e t o e x p r e s s t h e s i z e and t h e c o s t
of the inductance L^ n i n terms of the v o l t - a m p e r e s A v e r y low l o s s , 100 kHz c i r c u i t has been p r e
(VA) o f an e q u i v a l e n t two w i n d i n g t r a n s f o r m e r . The sented f o r a s i n u s o i d a l l i n e current r e c t i f i c a t i o n ,
m o t i v a t i o n f o r t h i s t a s k i s t h a t by k n o w i n g t h e in-phase with the input voltage. Its application
e q u i v a l e n t t r a n s f o r m e r VA, i t s a p p r o x i m a t e s i z e and i n a l o w h o r s e p o w e r , s i n g l e phase i n - t h r e e phase
c o s t can be o b t a i n e d f r o m v a r i o u s p r o d u c t c a t a l o g s . o u t , v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y PWM i n v e r t e r ac m o t o r d r i v e
From R e f e r e n c e [ 7 ] , i s emphasized.
The c o s t o f t h i s a d d i t i o n a l s t e p - u p c o n v e r t e r
VA e q = V2o)L i n \ I L i s n o t a n a l y z e d b u t i t s h o u l d be no more t h a n t h a t
a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e components and c i r c u i t s shown
w h e r e , i[_ and l[_ a r e t h e peak and t h e rms currents i n t h i s p a p e r , s i n c e t h e c o s t o p t i m i z a t i o n was n o t
though the inductor L-j ^and GO =377 n rad/sec. attempted. I n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n , i t s h o u l d be n o t e d
For L j = 1 . 3 mH, I = 4 . 4 A and i = 6 . 2 A ,
n L L t h a t t h e s t a b i l i z e d dc bus v o l t a g e as an i n p u t t o
t h e PWM i n v e r t e r w o u l d r e s u l t i n a l o w e r c o s t o f
the i n v e r t e r switches, thereby p a r t i a l l y o f f s e t t i n g
V A eq ^6.7 VA the step-up converter cost.
The p r o b l e m o f R a d i o N o i s e and t h e need f o r a
Considering t h a t f o r t h i s high frequency s w i t c h i n g RFI/EMI filter must also be examined.
a p p l i c a t i o n t h e i n d u c t o r w o u l d be made up o f a
f e r r i t e c o r e where t h e maximum a l l o w a b l e f l u x d e n 6. REFERENCES
s i t y i s l o w e r by a f a c t o r o f 6 compared w i t h t h e
s i l i c o n steel - [1] N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, J.M. Calm, "Input
C u r r e n t H a r m o n i c s and Power F a c t o r o f O p e r a t i o n
VA q e VA ( u s i n g ferrite). in Transistor Inverters for Induction Motor
Drives", International Power Electronics
The above c a l c u l a t i o n s show t h a t t h e i n d u c t o r s i z e Conference ( I P E C ) R e c o r d , p p . 6 4 9 - 6 5 9 , Tokyo
used w i t h a 100 kHz s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y w o u l d be ( J a p a n ) , March 2 7 - 3 1 , 1983.
r e a s o n a b l y s m a l l ( e q u i v a l e n t t o a 40 VA i r o n - c o r e [ 2 ] T . M . U n d e l a n d , N. Mohan, " O v e r - m o d u l a t i o n and
transformer). Loss C o n s i d e r a t i o n s i n H i g h F r e q u e n c y M o d u l a t e d
Transistorized Induction Motor Drives",
IEEE/IAS-1983 Conference Record, pp. 534-539.
[ 3 ] Jun-Ichi Nishizawa, "Junction Field-Effect
D e v i c e s " , c o n t r i b u t e d t o a book " S e m i c o n d u c t o r
D e v i c e s f o r Power C o n d i t i o n i n g " e d i t e d by R.
S i t t i n g and P. R o g g w i l l e r , Plenum P r e s s , 1 9 8 2 .
97
[4J T.M. Undeland, "Snubber-s for PWM Bridge
Converters with Power Transistors or GTOS",
IPEC Record, pp. 313-323, Tokyo (Japan), March
27-31 1983.
t
98