HIGH SCHOOL BUKIT MERTAJAM

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT

FORM 5 YEAR 2017

TITLE: LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL WITH MATH

NAME: ANAND A/L GOPI
IC NUMBER: 001022-07-0849
TEACHER: PN. ONG MEEI CHING
CLASS: 5 USM
GROUP MEMBERS: I) RAVIND VIJAYANDRAN
II) LEE YI YUN
III) VAITHESWARY KRISHNASAMY
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks to my Form 5
Additional Mathematics Teacher Pn. Ong Meei Ching for
helping me throughout this wonderful project on the topic,
‘LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL WITH MATH’. This project also made
me to do more researches on number sequences and beautiful
number patterns which amazed the world without knowing that
it’s all about the mathematical progression. I would also thank
my family and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
Introduction
Based on the title of my project, our life is made beautiful fully
by mathematical progression which could never let us go nor we
could never escape from it. It’s everywhere around us. For an
example; advertisements, competition prizes, product discounts,
salary increment and etc. So my project or research is based on
the progression in our daily life mainly based on our salary
increment. At the end of my project u will be astonished by the
Phi,φ which is a ratio known as the Golden ratio. This ratio is
being used till now and was used before by the Greek to build
building which still amazes the visitor by its beauty of
architecture.
 Assignment 1

(a) Method 1
Month Salary Ali Salary Ahmad
1 900 750
2 950 810
3 1000 870
4 1050 930
5 1100 990
6 1150 1050
7 1200 1110
8 1250 1170
9 1300 1230
10 1350 1290
11 1400 1350
12 1450 1410
13 1500 1470
14 1550 1530
15 1600 1590
16 1650 1650
17 1700 1710
18 1750 1770
19 1800 1830
20 1850 1890

Method 2

𝑇𝑛𝐴𝑙𝑖 = 𝑇𝑛𝐴ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑑
𝑎+ 𝑛−1 𝑑 =𝑎+ 𝑛−1 𝑑
900 + 𝑛 − 1 50 = 750 + 𝑛 − 1 60
900 + 50𝑛 − 50 = 750 + 60𝑛 − 60
850 + 50𝑛 = 690 + 60𝑛
160 = 10𝑛
160
𝑛=
10
𝑛 = 16

Method 3

900 + 50𝑛 = 750 + 60𝑛

900 − 750 = 60𝑛 − 50𝑛
150 = 10𝑛
𝑛 = 15
 𝑛 = 15

Ahmad and Ali's salary is the same at 16𝑡ℎ month. Whereby Ahmad's
first month salary is not the same as Ali's first month salary which is
RM750 and RM900 respectively.The monthly increament for Ali in
Company A is RM50 while increament for Ahmad in Company B is
RM60. Thus, their salary is same after the 15𝑡ℎ month.

(b) Salary scale of Company B is better.

Month Salary Ali Salary Ahmad

16 1650 1650
17 1700 1710
18 1750 1770
19 1800 1830
20 1850 1890
21 1900 1950
22 1950 2010
23 2000 2070
24 2050 2130
25 2100 2190
26 2150 2250
27 2200 2310
28 2250 2370
29 2300 2430
30 2350 2490
31 2400 2550
32 2450 2610

𝑆𝑛𝐴ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑑 > 𝑆𝑛𝐴𝑙𝑖

𝑛 𝑛
2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 > 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2 2
𝑛 𝑛
2 750 + 𝑛 − 1 60 > 2 900 + 𝑛 − 1 50
2 2
𝑛 𝑛
1500 + 60𝑛 − 60 > 1800 + 50𝑛 − 50
2 2
1440 + 60𝑛 > 1750 + 50𝑛
10𝑛 > 310
𝑛 > 31

Thus, it is proven that sum of salary that Ahmad earns in

Company B is more than the sum of salary that Ali earns
in Company A for 32 months. So, the salary scale of
Company B is more than the sum of salary that Ali earns
in Company A for 32 months. So, the salary scale of
Company B is better than the salary scale of Company A.
 Assignment 2

(a) Method 1

Month Salary C Salary D

1 500 300
2 550 345
3 605 396.75
4 665.5 456.26
5 732.05 524.70
6 805.26 603.41
7 885.78 693.92
8 974.36 798.01
9 1071.79 917.71
10 1178.97 1055.36
11 1296.87 1213.67
12 1426.56 1395.72
13 1569.21 1605.08
14 1726.14 1845.84
15 1898.75 2122.71
16 2088.62 2441.12
17 2297.49 2807.29
18 2527.24 3228.38
19 2779.96 3712.64
20 3057.95 4269.53

Salary of Aidil who worked in Company D exceeds salary

of Azrin who works in Company C after 12 months whic is
at 13𝑡ℎ month

Method 2

𝑇𝑛𝐴𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑙 > 𝑇𝑛𝐴𝑧𝑟𝑖𝑛

𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 > 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
300 1.15 𝑛−1 > 500 1.1 𝑛−1

1.15 𝑛−1 500

[ ] >
1.1 300
23 5
[ ]𝑛−1 >
22 3
23 𝑛−1 5
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 [ ] > 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
22 3
23 5
𝑛 − 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 > 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
22 3
𝑛 − 1 > 11.49
𝑛 > 12.49
𝑛 = 13
 This proves that Aidil's salary exceeds
Azrin's salary at the 13𝑡ℎ month and after.

(b) Month Salary Company C Salary Company D

1 500.00 300.00
2 550.00 345.00
3 605.00 396.75
4 665.50 456.26
5 732.05 524.70
6 805.26 603.41
7 885.78 693.92
8 974.36 798.01
9 1071.79 917.71
10 1178.97 1055.36
11 1296.87 1213.67
12 1426.56 1395.72
13 1569.21 1605.08
14 1726.14 1845.84
15 1898.75 2122.71

Salary scale of company D is the better deal. This is proven when

Aidil;s monthly salary exceeds Azrin's monthly salary in the 13th
month. Moreover, Salary scale of company D has a higher amount
of increament compared to salary scale of Company C. Thus,
salary scale of Company D is the better deal
 Assignment 3

(a) This salary scale is an arithmetic progression.

Number of years,n Total salary received(RM) Increament

3 28080 11280
4 39360 12240
5 51600 13200
6 64800 14160
7 78960 15120

Number of years,n against increament in salary

16000
14000
Increament in salary

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of years,n

The graph above shows a gradual increase in the increament of the salary.
This proves that the increament of the salary is an arithmetic progression
with the common difference of d=960

(b) The salary scale is a geometric progression

Number of years,n Monthly Salary(RM) Increament(RM)

3 1003.52 120.42
4 1123.94 134.88
5 1258.82 151.05
6 1409.87 169.19
7 1579.06 189.49
 Number of years,n against Salary increament
200
180
160
Salary Increament

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of years,n

The increament in this salary increament is a geometric progression

whereby the increament I got here is a common ratio of r=1.12/12%.
Then, the graph shows a gradual increas which proves that this is a
geometric progression.
 Assignment 4

(a) 𝑇1 1
𝑇2 1
𝑇3 2
𝑇4 3
𝑇5 5
𝑇6 8
𝑇7 13
𝑇8 21
𝑇9 34
𝑇10 55
𝑇11 89
𝑇12 144
𝑇13 233
𝑇14 377
𝑇15 610

(b) Number of Terms,Tn Value of Tn Common Difference

1 1 -
2 1 1.000
3 2 2.000
4 3 1.500
5 5 1.667
6 8 1.600
7 13 1.625
8 21 1.615
9 34 1.619
10 55 1.618
11 89 1.618
12 144 1.618
13 233 1.618
14 377 1.618
15 610 1.618

Thus, it is proven that the common difference of the terms are

more accurate and closer to the 'Golden Ratio',1.618 as the
number of terms increases.

( c) 𝑇𝑛 𝑇𝑛
lim = lim
𝑛→∞ 𝑇𝑛 − 1 𝑛→∞ 𝑇𝑛 − 1
 𝑛→∞ 𝑇𝑛 − 1 𝑛→∞ 𝑇𝑛 − 1
𝑇𝑛+𝑇𝑛−1
= lim ( 𝑇𝑛 )
𝑛→∞
𝑇𝑛 𝑇𝑛−1
= lim +
𝑛→∞ 𝑇𝑛 𝑇𝑛
𝑇𝑛 − 1
= lim 1 +
𝑛→∞ 𝑇𝑛
𝑇𝑛
𝐿𝑒𝑡 X = lim
𝑛→∞ 𝑇𝑛 − 1

1
𝑋 =1+
𝑋
𝑋2 − 𝑋 − 1 = 0
−𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑋=
2𝑎
−(−1) ± (−1)2 −4(1)(−1)
𝑋=
2(1)
𝐼𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
− −1 + 5
𝑋=
2
= 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟖(Golden Ratio)

(d) Products Item Width

Television

74.3

73.4

145.3
Smartphone

7.78

7.85

7.1

Refrigerator

90.8

84.2

75.9
 Laptop

12.8

12.9

12.59

Hi-Fi System

70.4

65.3

38.5

( e)(i)
 x cm

1 cm

𝑥 𝑥+1
=
1 𝑥
2
𝑥 −𝑥−1=0
−𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−1) ± (−1)2 −4(1)(−1)
𝑥=
2(1)
𝑥 = 1.618(𝐼𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)

(ii) 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
=
𝑥 𝑦
𝑦
𝐿𝐻𝑆: =𝜑
𝑥

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥
𝑅𝐻𝑆: = +1
𝑦 𝑦
1
= +1
𝜑

Since RHS=LHS which is the phi,φ, this rectangle is a golden rectangle.

(iii) Method 1

𝑦
= 1.618 𝑥=8
𝑥
𝑦
= 1.618
8
 1 618
8
𝑦 = 12.94
Thus, the length of the rectangle is 12.94 cm

Method 2

8 𝑥
=
𝑥−8 8
64 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 64 = 0
−𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−8) ± (−8)2 −4(1)(−64)
𝑥=
2(1)
𝑥1 = 12.94 𝑥2 = −4.94

Since length cant com in negative value I ignore the negative value. Thus, it is proven
that the length of the golden rectangle is 12.94

(iv) Problem 1(Method 1)

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20
x = 10 − 𝑦 … … … … … 1
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 … … … … … … … (2)

Substitute (1) into (2)

𝐴 = 10 − 𝑦 𝑦
= 10𝑦 − 𝑦 2

𝑑𝐴
𝐴𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚, =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑦 = 5 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 (1)
10 − 2𝑦 = 0 𝑥 = 10 − 5
2𝑦 = 10 𝑥=5
𝑦=5
The biggest possible rectangle is the rectangle with both sides x=5 cm and y=5 cm

Method 2
 Perimeter,P (cm)
Length,x (cm) width,y (cm) y=10-x
P=2x+2(10-x)

1 9 20
2 8 20
3 7 20
4 6 20
5 5 20
6 4 20
7 3 20
8 2 20

Thus, it is proven that the biggest possible rectangle we could form with the perimeter of
P=20 cm is the rectangle with sides x=5 cm and y=5 cm. This might be a square but it is
stated that all squares are rectangles but not all rectangles are squares as square is a
quadrilateral which has 4 equal sides and 4 equal angles. This criteria is also fulfilled by a
rectange as it can have 4 equal sides and 4 equal angles. So it is proven that the biggest
possible rectangle could be formed is the rectangle with sides x=5 cm and y=5 cm.

Method 1(Problem 2)
𝑦
= 1.618
𝑥
𝑦 = 1.618𝑥 … … … … … 1
2𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 20 … … … … 2
𝑠𝑢𝑏 1 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 2
2 1.618𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 20
5.236𝑥 = 20
𝑥 = 3.82
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑥 = 3.82 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 1
𝑦 = 1.618 3.82
𝑦 = 6.181

Method 2

the width is assumed to be from 0.5 cm to 4.0 cm. The Golden

Ratio is calculated with the constant length of 6.18cm

Width,x (cm) Length,y (cm) Golden ratio

0.5 6.18 12.3600
1.0 6.18 6.1800
1.5 6.18 4.1200
2.0 6.18 3.0900
2.5 6.18 2.4720
 3.0 6.18 2.0600
3.5 6.18 1.7657
4.0 6.18 1.5450
4.5 6.18 1.3733

Now it is known that the range of width is somewhere between 3.50 cm and 4.0 cm.
So, it can be calculated in that range.

Width Length Golden ratio

3.5 6.18 1.766
3.6 6.18 1.717
3.7 6.18 1.670
3.8 6.18 1.626
3.9 6.18 1.585
4.0 6.18 1.545

Now it is known that the range is between 3.80 cm to 3.90 cm

Width Length Golden ratio

3.80 6.18 1.626
3.81 6.18 1.622
3.82 6.18 1.618
3.83 6.18 1.614
3.84 6.18 1.609
3.85 6.18 1.605
3.86 6.18 1.601
3.87 6.18 1.597
3.88 6.18 1.593
3.89 6.18 1.589
3.90 6.18 1.585

So now it is known that the width of the golden rectangle should be 3.82 cm
Height Ratio W:H Golden ratio

44.1 1.685 NO

47.9 1.532 No

89.2 1.629 Yes

15.81 2.032 No

15.24 1.941 No

14.5 2.042 NO

185 2.037 No

185.3 2.201 NO

167.97 2.213 NO
7.59 1.686 No

8.9 1.449 No

7.59 1.659 No

38.5 1.829 No

30 2.177 No

28.5 1.351 No
 Area,A (cm²)
A=xy

9
16
21
24
25
24
21
16

erimeter of

filled by a
Conclusion
As the conclusion of my project titled, ‘Life is
beautiful with Math’ I would like to say that
mathematical progression is a mesmerizing term in
the mathematics. I am feeling satisfied with the
project I have made because I explored the net to do
research on new things such as the Golden Ratio and
the Phi,φ. As we all know mathematical
progressions are everywhere around us in our daily
which we don’t realize sometimes. For an example,
the Golden ratio. It has been used till now in the
products to attract the customers and most of us did
not realize the fact of it. So, I feel this project is a
must to all students as it interesting and amazing.
Reflection
I would like to thank all those people who supported
me throughout this project especially my friends and
my teacher Pn. Ong Meei Ching. Without them my
project will never the best from me. They pushed me
till I do my best in this project. I would like to thank
my team members also. I hope I did my best and
could pay back them with good grades.
References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio
3. https://www.goldennumber.net/architecture/