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Buyers have access to alternative sellers for the products they desire
(or for reasonable substitutes) at prices they are willing to pay
Sellers have access to buyers for their products without undue
hindrance or restraint from other firms
The market price of a product is determined by the interaction of
consumers and firms
Differences in prices charged by different firms (and paid by
different consumers) reflect only differences in cost or product
quality/attributes
3: Sustainable Competition
Market definition
The definition of a market is based on the substitutability of differentiated products or
services. Whether two differentiated products should be considered to be in the same market
depends on the extent to which they are reasonable substitutes:
From the point of view of consumers (whether they are functionally equivalent);
From the point of view of suppliers (the ease with which firms not already supplying
the product or service in question can start doing so).
Product
Geographic
Functional
Temporal
Customer
Defining Market Power
Market power has been defined as:The ability of a firm to raise prices above competitive levels,
without promptly losing a substantial portion of its business to existing rivals or firms that
become rivals as a result of the price increase.
Why Regulate Prices? If effective competition is not possible in wholesale or retail markets, it
may be necessary to regulate the prices dominant firms can charge. Without price regulation,
dominant firms can increase prices above competitive levels, harming their customers.