Dr. M.G.R.

EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Deemed to be University U/s 3 of the UGC Act 1956)
Accredited with B+ by NAAC | AICTE Approved - NBA Accredited
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution

MINI PROJECT

Design of Different IIR Digital Filters

ABSTRACT:
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter is of recursive type
filter. Some of the classical IIR filters, Butterworth, Chebyshev
Types I and II, elliptic, and Bessel. .The present output sample of
an IIR filter depends on the present input samples, past input
samples and past output samples. There are a number of techniques
available to determine the digital IIR Filters. This paper is based on
the computer based approach to design the digital IIR filter using
different digital mapping techniques such as for eg : analog to digital
mapping technique .

In this project we are going to use MATLAB software to present the

designs
Of different types of IIR FILTERS, along with there respective
graphical as well as numerical representation. In this project we are
also going to discuss about the difference between the IIR FILTER
AND FIR FILTER.

Keywords: IIR filter, Digital filter, High pass filter, analog to digital
mapping, FIR filter
INTRODUCTION:
Filters play a very important role in signal processing. In this paper
the IIR digital filter is discussed which is very essential in Digital
Signal Processing (DSP).In DSP, there are two types of systems. The
first type of system performs signal filtering in time domain. They are
known as Digital filters. Another type of system provides signal
representation in frequency domain. They are known to as Spectrum
analyser. The term IIR comes from infinite impulse response
meaning that the impulse response of filter is of infinite duration
whereas the impulse response of a FIR (Finite Impulse Response)
filter is of finite duration.
IIR filter processes certain properties such as width of the pass-band,
width of the stop-band, maximum allowable ripple at pass-band and
maximum allowable ripple at stop-band. A preferred design of IIR
filter can be done with help of those properties. There are various
processes to design IIR Digital filter. Basically IIR digital filter is
designed from an analog filter. Then using analog to digital mapping
technique or frequency transformation an IIR Digital filter can be
designed suitably.
An analog filter generally constructed by resistors, capacitors and op
amps to produce the required filtering effect. Those filter circuits can
be widely used in reduction of noise, video signal enhancement,
graphic equalizers in hi-fi systems, and many other areas. Those
analog filters are actually designed as per specific requirement for
producing satisfying filtering output. Digital filters perform many
filtering works by replacing the analog filters. The digital filters have
many features for which we can replace the analog filters and use the
digital filters and the features are high accuracy and reliability, small
physical size and reduced sensitivity to component tolerances.
Analog filter can be designed by either active element or passive
element.
Design Of CHEBYCHEV 1 Filter :

MATLAB CODING :

%Normalised Frequency units w/pi [0 1] ripple in db

%passband edge (0.2/pi)

passband = 0.2*pi/pi;

%stopband edge (0.9/pi)

stopband = 0.3*pi/pi;

%Lowest amplitude tolerable in passband is 0.9 pass

ripple is
% (-ve) sign is because we are taking positive value
in db

passrip = -20*log10(0.9);

%value we wish to have maximum gain in stop band 10^-

3
stopatten = -20*log10(0.001);

%finding the order of filter

[Nc1,Wc1] =
cheb1ord(passband,stopband,passrip,stopatten);

%finding the filter coefficients

[Bc1,Ac1] = cheby1(Nc1,passrip,Wc1);

figure;freqz(Bc1,Ac1);title('IIR Filter magnitude

Response');ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
OUTPUT :
Design Of CHEBYCHEV 2 Filter:

Matlab Coding :

%Normalised Frequency units w/pi [0 1] ripple

in db
%passband edge (0.2/pi)

passband = 0.2*pi/pi;

%stopband edge (0.9/pi)

stopband = 0.3*pi/pi;

%Lowest amplitude tolerable in passband is 0.9

pass ripple is
% (-ve) sign is because we are taking positive
value in db
passrip = -20*log10(0.9);

%value we wish to have maximum gain in stop

band 10^-3
stopatten = -20*log10(0.001);

%finding the order of filter

[Nc1,Wc1] =
cheb1ord(passband,stopband,passrip,stopatten);

%finding the filter coefficients

[Bc1,Ac1] = cheby2(Nc1,passrip,Wc1);
figure;freqz(Bc1,Ac1);title('IIR Filter
magnitude Response');ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
OUTPUT:
Design Of Butterworth Filter :

MATLAB CODING :

%Normalised Frequency units w/pi [0 1] ripple

in db
passband = [0.4*pi 0.6*pi]/pi;

%stopband edge (0.2*Pi/pi)

stopband = [0.2*pi 0.8*pi]/pi;

%Lowest amplitude tolerable in passband is 0.95

pass ripple is
% (-ve) sign is because we are taking positive
value in db
passrip = -20*log10(0.95);

%value we wish to have maximum gain in stop

band 10^-3
stopatten = -20*log10(0.01);

%finding the order of filter

[Nc1,Wc1] =
buttord(passband,stopband,passrip,stopatten);

%finding the filter coefficients

[Bc1,Ac1] = butter(Nc1,passrip,stopatten,Wc1);
figure;freqz(Bc1,Ac1);title('IIR Filter
magnitude Response');ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
OUTPUT:
Digital Signal Processing Project Report

Department of Electrical& Electronic Eng.

This report has been submitted by

...... Of class
for the DSP Project using Matlab Software during the
year 2015.

Signature of sub-in-charge Signature of Head of the Dept.

Submitted for the project examination held on________.

Dr. M.G.R. EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
UNIVERSITY
Madhuravoyal , channai-600095
(Declared u/s 3 of the UGC Act 1956)

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

(PROJECT)
Design Of IIR Filters

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering(EEE)

B. Tech. -3rd year/"A"sec / v Semester

SURAJ SINGH (131091101050)

SATISH KUMAR (131091101043)

ROSHAN KUMAR (131091101042)

ROHIT KUMAR (131091101041)