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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4

PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

WIND LOAD ON SURFACES (WALLS) EC-1-4

Assumptions:

1. Assume that structural factor c sc d is equal to 1 (EN1991-1-4,cl.6.0).


2. Assume that lack of correlation of wind pressure between the windward and leeward side is
taken equal to 1 (EN1991-1-4,cl.7.2.2(3)).

Building data

Type of structure: PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

Total lengt h of strucutre: d := 5800mm

Width of structure: b := 2690mm

Height of structure: h := 3400mm

Spacing frame to fram e: ss := 2900mm

No of frames: No_frames := 3

Basic values

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

Fundamental basic wind velocity -1


vb.o := 30m s
(CYS NA EN1991-1-4,fig.1):

Season factor
cseason := 1.0
(EN1991-1-4, NA 2.4/cl. 4.2(2)):

Directional factor
cdir := 1.0
(EN1991-1-4, NA 2.4/cl. 4.2(2)):

Basic wind velocity -1


vb := cdir cseason vb.o = 30 m s
(EN1991-1-4,cl.4.2(2)):
-3
:= 1.25kg m
Density of air:
2
Reference m ean velocity pressure vb -2
q b := = 562.5 N m
(EN1991-1-4,cl.4.5(1)): 2

Orography

Orography factor
co := 1.0
(EN1991-1-4,cl.4.3.3(2):

Obstruction height
have := 15m
(EN1991-1-4,Annex A.5):

Distance to the nearest adjacem ent


x := 500m
building
(EN1991-1-4,Annex A.5):

Displacement height hdis := ( ) if x 2have


min 0.8 have , 0.6h = 0m
(EN1991-1-4,Annex A.5):
min( 1.2 have - 0.2 x , 0.6 h) if 2 have < x < 6 have

0 if x 6 have

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

Terrain category Terrain_category := "I"


(EN1991-1-4,table 4.1):
Roughness length,z 0 zo := 0.003m if Terrain_category = "0" = 10 mm
(EN1991-1-4,table 4.1): 0.01m if Terrain_category = "I"
0.05m if Terrain_category = "II"
0.3m if Terrain_category = "III"
1.0m if Terrain_category = "IV"

Roughness length,z min


3
(EN1991-1-4,table 4.1): zmin := 1m if Terrain_category = "0" = 1 10 mm
1m if Terrain_category = "I"
2m if Terrain_category = "II"
5m if Terrain_category = "III"
10m if Terrain_category = "IV"

Peak wind velocity pressure

Reference height ze := h = 3.4 m


(EN1991-4,figure 7.4)
Maximum height
zmax := 200m
(EN1991-1-4,cl.4.3.2(1)):

Factor, z 0,II z0.II := 50mm


(EN1991-4,table 4.1)

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

0.07
Terrain factor zo
kr := 0.19 = 0.17
(EN1991-1-4,cl.4.3.2(1)):
z0.II
Roughness factor zmin
cr := kr ln = 0.782
(EN1991-1-4,cl.4.3.2(1)): zo

Mean wind velocity -1
vm := cr co vb = 23.453 m s
(EN1991-1-4,cl.4.3.1(1)):

Turbulence factor
kI := 1.0
EN1991-1-4,cl.4.4(1)):
kI
Turbulence intensity Iv := = 0.217
EN1991-1-4,cl.4.4(1)): zmin
co ln
zo
Peak velocity pressure 2 -2
EN1991-1-4,cl.4.5(1)):: ( )
q p := 1 + 7 Iv 0.5 vm = 0.866 kN m

Structural factor cscd

Assume structural factor is 1


cs.d := 1
(for buildings with a height less than 15m )
(EN1991-1-4,cl.6.2(1)):

Wind pressure coefficients for canopy roof structure (EN1991-1-4,cl.7.3)

There is no blockage beneath the canopy, however the values of cp.net and c f have been taken
using the =0 for m inim um values and =all for m aximum values.

The overall force coefficient represent the resulting force. The net pressure coefficient represents
the m aximum local pressure for all wind directions and have been used in the design of roofing
elements and fixing.

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

Table 1: cf values for monopitch canopies (EN1991-1-4,Table 7.6)

Wind pressures for modules 30deg

Wind suction =0 (max.) - Upward acting wind action

External pressure coefficient for zone A


cp.net.A.up.30 := -3.0
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 6):
-2
Wind pressure for zone A we.A.up.30 := qp cp.net.A.up.30 = -2.599 kN m
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.1)

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

External pressure coefficient for zone B


cp.net.B.up.30 := -3.8
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 6):

Wind pressure for zone B -2


we.B.up.30 := qp cp.net.B.up.30 = -3.292 kN m
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.1)

Wind suction =0 (max.) - Downward acting wind action

External pressure coefficient for zone A


cp.net.A.do.30 := 2.2
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 6):

-2
Wind pressure for zone A we.A.do.30 := qp cp.net.A.do.30 = 1.906 kN m
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.1)

External pressure coefficient for zone B


cp.net.B.do.30 := 3.2
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 6):
-2
Wind pressure for zone B we.B.do.30 := q p cp.net.B.do.30 = 2.772 kN m
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.1)

Figure 2: Location of the centre of force for monopitch canopies (EN1991-1-4,Figure 7.16)

Effective area between two 2


Aref.mid := b ss = 7.801 m
supports

Effective area of edges Aref.mid 2


Aref.edg := = 3.9 m
supports 2

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

Wind loads for modules 30deg

Overall factor coefficient for


upward acting wind action cf.up.30 := -1.8
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 6):

Overall factor coefficient for


upward acting wind action cf.do.30 := 1.2
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 6):

Downward acting wind force


Fw.ed.do.30 := cs.d cf.do.30 q p Aref.edg = 4.055 kN
at edge fram e
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.3)

Downward acting wind force


Fw.mid.do.30 := cs.d cf.do.30 q p Aref.mid = 8.11 kN
at m iddle frame
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.3)

Upward acting wind force


Fw.ed.up.30 := cs.d cf.up.30 q p Aref.edg = -6.082 kN
at edge fram e
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.3)

Upward acting wind force


Fw.mid.up.30 := cs.d cf.up.30 q p Aref.mid = -12.164 kN
at m iddle frame
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.3)

No. 4 Load cases for wind force on structure for inclination of 30deg (edge members)

b
= 0.672 m
4 Fw.ed.do.30 = 4.055 kN Fw.ed.do.30 = 4.055 kNb
= 0.672 m
4

Fw.ed.up.30 = -6.082 kN Fw.ed.up.30 = -6.082 kN

b
= 0.672 m
4 b
= 0.672 m
4

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

No. 4 Load cases for wind force on structure for inclination of 30deg (middle members)

b
= 0.672 m
4 Fw.mid.do.30 = 8.11 kN Fw.mid.do.30 = 8.11 kNb
= 0.672 m
4

Fw.mid.up.30 = -12.164 kN Fw.mid.up.30 = -12.164 kN

b
= 0.672 m
4 b
= 0.672 m
4

Frictional force on structure (EN1991-1-4,cl.7.5)

Frictional force should be considered to the roof canopy structures - see EN1991-1-4,cl.7.3.(7)

Surface type
Surface_type := "Very rough"
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 10):

Frictional coefficient
cfr := 0.01 if Surface_type = "Smooth" = 0.04
(EN1991-1-4,Table 7. 10):
0.02 if Surface_type = "Rough"
0.04 if Surface_type = "Very rough"

2
Reference area: Afr := 2 ss b = 15.602 m

Frictional force per fram e Afr -1


Ffr := cfr q p = 0.186 kN m
(EN1991-1-4,Eq.5.7): ss

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

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WIND LOAD CALCULATION BASE ON EN1991-4
PV SYSTEM REV.A
Calculated by:V.N.
Reviewed by: V.N.

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