EXERCISE'

!
1.! From!the!given!list!of!molecules!below:!SF6,!H20,!BF3,!CH4,!NH3!
!
Determine!which!molecule!has:!
i)! an!expanded!octet!
ii)! trigonal!pyramidal!geometry.!
iii)! 2!bonding!pair!of!electrons!and!2!lone!pair!of!electrons!around!its!central!atom.!
iv)! an!incomplete!octe!
v)! !tetrahedral!geometry!
vi)! !octahedral!geometry.!
!
2.! Answer!TRUE!(T)!or!FALSE!(F)!for!the!following!statements!
!
i)!The!maximum!number!of!3d!electrons!is!10.!
ii)!K+!is!isoelectronic!with!CIS!
iii)!The!F!ion!has!a!greater!radius!than!the!F!atom.!
iv)!Neon!atoms!are!diamagnetic!
v)!The!maximum!number!of!electrons!in!l!=3!and!ml!=!S1!is!1!
vi)!The!maximum!number!of!electrons!in!l!=2!,!ml!=!S1!and!ms!=!1/2!is!1.!
!
3.! Given:!3!elements!(A,!B,!C)!which!are!not!the!actual!element!symbols:!
Element!A!is!located!in!the!third!period!of!the!periodic!table!and!its!atom!has!only!5!
electrons!in!its!outermost!shell.!
The! electron! configuration! using! subshell! notation! of! the! valence! electrons! in!
element!B!is!3s23p1.!
Element!C!is!located!in!the!third!period!and!its!atom!has!seven!valence!electrons.!
!
i)! Element!A!bonds!with!element!C!to!form!a!molecule!with!an!expanded!octet.!Draw!
the!Lewis!structure!and!give!the!formula!of!this!molecule.!
ii)! Element!B!bonds!with!element!C!to!form!a!molecule!with!an!incomplete!octet.!Draw!
the!Lewis!structure!and!give!the!formula!of!this!molecule.!
!
4.! The!following!substances!are!given:!!K,!KF,!C2H5OH,!F2,!CF4!
!
i)! Name!the!types!of!bonds!or!attractive!forces!which!will!be.!broken!when!each!of!
these!substances!:!K,!KF,!C2H5OH,!CF4!is!heated!until!it!boils.!
ii)! Arrange!the!following!compounds:!C2H5OH,!F2,!KF!and!CF4!in!order!of!increasing!
boiling!points.!Briefly!explain!your!answer.!
iii)! Can!solid!KF!and!solid!K!conduct!electricity?!Briefly!explain!your!answer.!
!
5.! The!following!substances!are!given:!!NH3,!Na,!Cl2,!NaCI!
a)! Name!the!types!of!bonds!or!attractive!forces!which!will!be!broken!when!each!of!
these!substances:!NH3,!Na,!Cl2,!NaCI!is!heated!until!it!boils.!
b)! Arrange! the! following! compounds:! NH3,! Cl2! and! NaCI! in! order! of! decreasing!
boiling!points.!
!
6.! The!positions!of!elements!A,!B,!C,!D,!E!and!F!(not!the!actual!symbols)!in!the!periodic!
table!are!given!below:!
!
!
Element' Group' Period'
! ! !
A! VA(15)! 3!
B! VIIA(17)! 3!
C! VIA!(16)! 3!
D! IA(I)! 2!
E! IIA!(2)! 3!
F! IIIA(13)! 3!
G! IA(I)! 3!
!
i)! Write! the! formula! and! draw! the! Lewis! structure! for! the! formation! of! the! compound!
between!E!and!B.!!
ii)!Draw!the!Lewis!structure!and!give!the!molecular!geometry!of!a!molecule!formed!when!
A!combined!with!B.!This!molecule!obeys!the!octet!rule.!
 iii)! Element! B! bonds! with! element! C! to! form! a! molecule! with! an! expanded! octet.! Draw!
the!Lewis!structure!and!give!the!molecular!geometry!of!this!molecule.!
iv)!Which!element!can!combine!with!B!to!form!a!molecule!with!an!incomplete!octet?!
v)!Compare!between!E2+,!F3+!and!G+!in!terms!of!size.!
vi)!Compare!between!A3S,!BS!and!C2S!in!terms!of!size.!
vii)!Which!element!is!chemically!similar!to!D?!
!
7.! Consider!the!following!species!when!answering!the!questions!that!follow:!
PCI3'''''CH2CI2'''''HCN'''''NH3'
'
i)! In!the!Lewis!structures!of!the!central!atom!has!one!lone!pair!of!electrons.!
ii)! The! Lewis! structures! of! and! have! multiple! bonds! in! order! to! satisfy! octet! on! all!
atoms!other!than!hydrogen.!
iii)! Which!Lewis!structure!has!the!largest!total!number!of!lone!pairs!of!electrons?!
iv)! In!which!Lewis!structure!is!the!central!atom!the!most!electronegative!atom!in!a!
molecule?!
!
8.! a)! Draw! the! Lewis! structure! and! name! the! shape! of! the! following! molecules! or! ions!
using!the!VSEPR!model:!
i)!AsH3!
ii)!XeF2!
iii)! I3S!
!

b)! Phosphine,!PH3!react!with!a!strong!acid,!Hl(aq)!to!form!a!salt!that!contains!
phosphonium!ion,!PH4+!
i)! Draw!the!Lewis!structure!to!show!the!formation!of!the!ion!PH4+!
ii)! Label!the!bonds!in!the!PH4+!ion!
iii)! What!is!the!geometrical!shape!of!PH4+?!
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!
!
!
!
9.! A!list!of!formula!of!covalent!molecules!is!given!below:!
!
CO2,!NH3,!BF3,!PCI5,!CHCI3!
!
a)! Which!molecule!has!a!tetrahedral!shape!?!
b)! Which!molecule!has!one!lone!pair!of!electrons!at!the!central!atom!?!
c)! Which!molecule!has!an!expanded!octet!structure!at!the!central!atom!?!
!
d)! Which! two! molecules! can! combine! to! form! a! new! compound! by! means! of! a!
coordinate!covalent!(dative)!bond!?!
e)!! Which!molecule!has!double!covalent!bonds!?!
f)!! Which!molecule!has!trigonal!pyramidal!geometry?!
!
10.! Given!the!following!list!of!substances!
HCI,!KH,!H2,!K,!H2O!
!
a)! Name! the! type! of! bonds! or! forces! which! will! be! broken! when! each! of! the!
substances!above!is!heated!until!it!boiling!point.!
b)! Arrange! the! following! substances:! HCI,! H2,! K! and! H2O! in! order! of! increasing!
boiling!points.! !
!
11.! Draw!the!Lewis!structure!and!name!the!shape!of!the!following!molecules!or!ions!
!
i)!SF4!
ii)CNS!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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12.! ! !
Element' Electron'configuration'
' '
X! 1s22s22p63s23p5!
Y! 1s22s22p63s23p64s1!
Z! 1s22s22p6!
!
!
!
Three! elements! X,! Y,! and! Z! (not! actual! symbols)! have! the! electron!
configurations!as!given!in!the!table!above.!
i)!! Explain!why!Y!can!combine!with!X!but!not!with!Z.!
ii)!! Show! (using! Lewis! structure)! how! the! bond! between! X! and! Y! is!
formed.!
iii)!! What!type!of!chemical!bond!is!formed!between!X!and!Y?!
iv)!! Draw!the!Lewis!structure!of!molecule!X2.!
!
13.! Draw!the!Lewis!structure!and!name!the!shape!of!the!following!molecules!or!ions!
using!the!VSEPR!model:!
i)!SF4!
ii)!SF5+!
iii)!SF6!!
!
14.! Boron!and!chlorine!can!combine!to!form!a!compound!which!has!low!melting!and!
boiling!points.!
i)! What!is!the!formula!of!the!compound?!
ii)! Draw!the!Lewis!structure!of!the!compound,!
iii)! What!type!of!bond!is!between!these!two!atoms?!
iv)! Can!the!compound!conduct!electricity?!Why?!
v)! The!compound!can!combine!with!an!NH3!molecule!to!form!a!complex.!Draw!
the!Lewis!structure!for!this!complex.!Name!the!bond!that!is!formed.!
!
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15.! A!certain!element!Y!was!found!to!form!three!compounds!with!chlorine!having!the!
formulas! YCI2,! YCI4,! YCI6.! One! of! its! oxides! has! the! formula! Y02! and! Y! reacts!
with!sodium!to!form!the!compound!Na2Y.!
!
i)!Is!Y!a!metal!or!a!nonSmetal?!
ii)!In!which!group!in!the!periodic!table!is!Y!located?!
iii)!Draw!Lewis!structures!for!YCI4,!YCI6!and!Y02.!
iv)!Using!VSEPR!theory,!predict!the!molecular!shapes!of!the!compounds!in!iii).!
v)!If!Y!were!in!Period!4,!suggest!the!electron!configuration!of!its!valence!shell.!