Machine design calculators

Design and Stress Analysis Calculators

- Design and Stress Analysis, etc. - located in DSGN 215

- Bolt Proof Loads
- Bolt ultimate load calculator
- Bolt (or rivet) stresses in an array caused by an offset load
- Buckling of a column
- Buckling of a column calculator
- Calculations and plots relating to four stroke internal combustion engines
- Clutch design calculator
- Fatigue - modified Goodman diagram
- Fracture mechanics - A semi-eliptical crack in a finite plate
- Journal bearing with hydrodynamic lubrication design
- Shaft diameter required to withstand bending moment and torque, Tresca and von Mises criteria
- Spring design / analysis
- Stress concentration factors - flat plate with a central hole
- Stress concentration factors - stepped shaft with shoulder
- Tilted Pad Thrust Bearing - Link to Java Applet that computes the load capacity and pressure distribution for a tilted pad thrust
bearing
- Two dimensional stress analysis, Mohr circle and von Mises failure criterion

COMMEND Calculators

- Compression Spring Design Calculator

- Extension Spring Design Calculator
- Spur Gear Design Calculator

Mechanical Engineering Calculators

Welcome to CALCULATOR EDGE, an online FREE Engineering Calculators for Engineers and Students worldwide

Machine design apps

THREAD Apps and Data...

- ACME Thread Designer App
- Screw Data Page
- METRIC Screw Data
- Set Screw Data Page
- Bolt Torque Chart
- Standard Tap Size Chart
- Drill Size Chart
- NPT Tap Size Chart
- Wrench Clearances
SPRING Apps...
- Spring Designer Program - Compression
- Spring Designer Program - Torsional
- Spring Designer Program - Wave

SEAL Apps and Data...

- O-ring Groove Designer Program (male gland)
- O-ring Data Page
- Shore Hardness Values Chart

Engineering Tools

Most of our really cool Engineering Tools are now web enabled! They are designed to help you get the most out of your computer.
Save time in performing routine and repetitive calculations or determining technical dimensions and specifications when designing
your products. Just click on the desired application, enter in your data and obtain the technical data you need!

- Gear Calculator
- Dimension Converter
- Caliper Dimension Calculator
- Anti-Backlash Force
- Belt Length Calculator
- Ball Bearing Speed
- Spur Gear Tooth Strength
- Leadscrew Expected Life
- Leadscrew Efficiency
- Rack Measurement Over Wires (MOW) Calculator
- General Unit Conversion Utility
- Epicyclic Gear Train Study

ADVANCED ENGINEERING DESIGN

LIFETIME PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY

- Reliability engineering
- Failure modes of machine elements
- Fatigue failure prediction and prevention
- Rolling contact phenomena
- Friction phenomena in mechanical systems
- Wear mechanisms
- Material selection a systematic approach
- Lubricant selection and lubrication management
- Design of hydrodynamic bearings and sliders
- Performance and selection of sealing systems
- Design of hydrostatic bearings
- Design of aerostatic bearings
- Design of flexure mechanisms
- Bearings in high tech systems

Belt Sizer Calculators and Instructions

- Belt cross section calculator

- Belt length calculator
- Belt tension calculator

Horsepower calculator for spur gears and helical gears

(Lewis Formula with Barth Revision)

- Parts and Drawings

- Request a Quote
- Horsepower Calculator
- Ratio and Center Distance
- Spur Gears
- Helical Gears
- Worm Gears
- Change Gears
- Sprockets
- Timing Pulleys
- Gear Rack
- Bevel Gears
- Miter Gears
- Internal Gears

SKF Bearing Calculators

Rolling bearings
Bearing life
Equivalent bearing loads and basic rating life
Minimum load
Viscosity
Dynamic axial load carrying capacity of cylindrical roller bearings
 Frictional moment - power loss
Relubrication intervals
Grease life for sealed deep groove ball bearings
Bearing frequencies
Influence of load and oil viscosity on reference speed/permissible speed
CARB, axial displacement - misalignment
CARB, axial displacement - clearance
CARB, free space on the sides of the bearing

Shaft tolerances and resultant fits

Housing tolerances and resultant fits

SKF Bearing Select

SKF DialSet

Plain bearings
Spherical plain bearings and rod ends - Basic rating service life
Frictional moment
Composite dry sliding bearings - Basic rating service life

Bolt Weight Calculator

This calculator can be used as an aid to help estimate the weight of bolts, nuts, and washers.

MECHANICALC

- Structural Mechanics
- Beam Analysis
- 2D FEA
- Bolted Joint Analysis
- Bolt Pattern Force Distribution
- Lug Analysis
- Column Buckling
- Stress Concentration Factors
- Mohr's Circle
- Physical Properties
- Materials
- Cross Sections
- Unit Conversion
- Systems Engineering
Manufacturing calculators
Online Hardness Converter

ToolMatWeb's online Hardness Converter for engineering materials is only available to registered users. Enter the value you wish to
convert, select a material type and hardness test from scales such as Brinnel, Knoop, Vickers, Rockwell A, B, or C, and press
"Convert". The conversion is computed against numerical correlations based on empirical data.

Machining Calculators

Volume and Weight

Manufacturing
- Material Usage
- Production Time
- Labor Cost
- Financing

Injection Molding
- Clamping Force
- Cooling Time
- Thermal Diffusivity

Machining
- Milling Speed and Feed
- Milling Horsepower
- Milling Step-over Distance
- Drilling Speed and Feed
- Drilling Horsepower
- Drill Size Chart
- Tap Size Chart
- Turning Speed and Feed
- Turning Horsepower
- Turning Surface Roughness

Sheet Metal
- Bend Allowance
- Bending Springback
- V-Bending Force
- Wipe Bending Force
- Deep Drawing Force

Press Calculators
Conway Press is pleased to provide you with the following online calculators for use with hydraulic presses. Feel free to use these
calculators with no strings attached!

- Use the Hole Punch calculator to compute the approximate tonnage to punch holes in a variety of metal types and thicknesses.

- Use the Press Stroke calculator to determine the theoretical strokes per minute when using any of the Conway Press C-Series
hydraulic presses.

Die Tooling Calculators

- Punch Load Calculator

- Punch Terminology
- Die Spring Terminology
- Die Clearance Calculator
- Determining Die Clearance
- Conversion Calculator

Tap Drill Size JavaScript Calculator

- General Formula (65% - 75% Thread)

- American Unified Thread Form
- American National Thread Form
- ISO Metric Threads
- Cold Form Tapping
- Notes
Calculating Nominal Diameter of a Number Screw
Calculating Pitch
Calculating Threads per Inch

Mechanical calculators
Engineering Calculators

- Section Properties Selected Shapes

- Triangle / Trigonometry Solutions
- Simple Levers
- Spring Design
- Deflections and Stress
-- Machine Design
- Heat Transfer
- Manufacturing
- Thread Installation Stress / Strength
- Strain Gauge
- Tolerance Analysis Utilizing Geometric Dimensioning Tolerancing GD&T and Other Principles
- Motion Control Design
- Pressure Vessel
- Fluids
- Sheet Metal Bend Allowance
- Friction Equations and Analysis
- Plastic Snap Fit
- Conversions, Fluids, Torque, General

Atlas - Free beam analysis AND DESIGN program

Atlas computes the resulting moments and reaction forces for a given beam with loads applied to it (single as well as distributed),
using Cross' method.

The program has a very easy interface. It lets you enter your data with the mouse, and it shows the resulting moments and shear
forces immediately in both a graphical and numerical way. Maximum bending moments can easily be calculated.

HAMLET Applets

Statics and Mechanics of Materials

- Beam Analysis - Shows Shear, Moment and Deflection diagrams for variable loadings.
- Mohr's Circle - Interactive display of Mohr's Circle.
- Slipping or Tipping - Force on a weight resting on an inclined plane, will it slip, tip, or stay right there?
- Centroid / Moment of Inertia - Calculates centroid, moment of inertia for user configured cross-sections.
- Pulley - Problem involves a rope, two pulleys and two weights, along with a free body diagram of one of the pulleys.
- Vector3D - This applet shows a 3D representation of vectors, calculates vector sum, difference, cross products and dot product.

Dynamics

- Dynamics Relative Motion - Shows the velocities and accelerations of an ant, rotating bar and a truck.
- Collision 2D - Collision2D applet.
- Rolling Disk - Applet shows a disk rotating inside a cylinder. The velocity of any point on the disk may be shown graphically by
clicking on a location on the diskl.
- Instant Centers of Zero Velocity - Shows IC point for a rod and piston system, to calculate the velocity of the piston.
- Angular Momentum - Angular Momentum applet.
- Work and Energy - Work and Energy relations are used for a weight attached to a wheel.
- Gyroscopic Motion - Shows the motion of a spinning top based for steady precession.
- Motorcycle Wheely - Analyze forces on an accelerating motorcycle, see what it takes to do a wheely.

Java Applets for Engineering Education

Fluid Dynamics
- Ideal flow machine
- Compressible Aerodynamics Calculator
- Converging Diverging Nozzle Simulator
- Thermodynamics of Air
- Real Gas Shock Calculator
- Boundary Layer Applets + Convection
- Heat Conduction Applets
- Vortex Panel Method

Statics
- Mohr's Circle Applet
- Beam Analysis
- Resultant of Vectors

Dynamics
- Motion on Curved Paths
- Projectile Motion I
- Projectile Motion II
- Projectile Motion III
- Projectile Motion IV

Structural Element Calculators

Statics:

- Simply-supported Beam Reaction Calculator: Calculates reactions for simply-supported beam with uniformly distributed load
and/or up to 3 concentrated loads.
- Three-hinged Arch Reaction Calculator: Calculates reactions for 3-hinged arch with uniformly distributed load and/or up to 3
concentrated loads.
- Cable Reaction Calculator: Calculates reactions for cable with uniformly distributed load and/or up to 3 concentrated loads.
- Simply-supported Beam Moment and Shear Calculator: Calculates reactions, maximum positive and negative bending moments,
and maximum positive and negative internal shear forces for simply-supported beam with uniformly distributed load and/or up to 3
concentrated loads.
- Truss reaction and bar force Calculator: Calculates reactions and bar forces for Howe, Pratt, or Warren trusses.
- Three-hinged arch bar force Calculator: Calculates reactions and bar forces for "triangular" three-hinged arches.
- Cable internal axial force Calculator: Calculates reactions and internal axial forces for cable.

Loads:

- Live and dead load Calculator: Calculates live and dead loads for girders, beams, and columns.
- Snow load Calculator: Calculates snow loads based on slope, surface characteristics, and other parameters.
- Governing load Calculator: Calculates governing load combinations for allowable stress design or strength design (LRFD).
- Wind Pressure Calculator: Calculates the wind pressure (psf) on the windward and leeward faces of rectangular buildings with flat
roofs, after entering values for wind speed, exposure, roof height, importance, plan dimensions, directionality factor, and topography
factor.
- Seismic and Wind Force Calculator: Calculates and compares the wind and seismic story forces on a building, after entering general
data (city, importance factor), seismic data (site class, seismic force resisting system), and wind data (exposure category, plan and
parapet dimensions, and coefficients for directionality and topography).

Tension elements:
-Elongation due to axial load Calculator: Calculates elongation (as well as stress and strain) for prismatic elements subject to axial
force.
- Wood tension element capacity Calculator: Calculates capacity of a wood tension element based on allowable tension on net area
(reduced by bolt holes) and, if desired, row and group tear-out.
- Steel tension element capacity Calculator: Calculates capacity of a steel tension element based on yielding of gross area or rupture
of effective net area.

Columns:

- Wood Column Calculator: Calculates the capacity (maximum safe load) for wood columns, after entering values for modulus of
elasticity, allowable stress, duration of load factor, and effective length (height).
- Steel Column Calculator: Calculates the capacity (maximum safe load) for steel columns, after entering values for ASTM
designation, section type, effective length coefficient, and unbraced length.
- W-shape Steel Column Design Calculator: Finds the lightest acceptable W-shape steel column for a given axial load and effective
length.
- Reinforced Concrete Column Calculator: Analyses and designs tied or spiral (rectangular or circular) reinforced concrete columns
based on the strength method.

Beams:

- Wood Beam Calculator: Selects the lightest sawn lumber beams, after entering values for span, spacing, species, grade, deflection
criteria, and design criteria (i.e., design for bending, shear, deflection, lateral support, or any combination thereof).
- Steel Beam Calculator: Selects the lightest laterally-supported W-shape steel floor beam, after entering values for span, spacing,
yield stress, deflection criteria, and design criteria (i.e., design for bending, shear, deflection, or any combination thereof).
- Reinforced Concrete Beam and 1-way Slab Calculator: Finds required rebar area for rectangular beams and T-beams; for 1-way
slabs, calculates required spacing for selected bar size.

Connections:

- Wood Fastener Capacity Calculator: Finds capacity of bolts, lag screws, or nails used as fasteners in wood construction, using either
wood or steel side plates.
- High-strength Steel Bolt Capacity Calculator: Finds capacity of high-strength steel bolts stressed in shear.

Strength of materials online

FEA online. Frame, beam analysis.

Snow/Wind Loads

Free online calculators for snow loading, ice loading, seismic base shear and wind loading.

- SNOW LOADING ANALYSIS - ASCE 7-05 Code for Buildings with Flat or Low Slope Roofs - for Balanced Snow, Drift, and Rain-on-Snow
Surcharge Loadings
- ICE LOADING ANALYSIS (WT, MT & ST SHAPES) - ASCE 7-05 Code - Chapter 10- for Ice Loads Due to Freezing Rain on WT, MT & ST
Shapes
- ICE LOADING ANALYSIS (W, M, S & HP SHAPES) - ASCE 7-05 Code - Chapter 10 - for Ice Loads Due to Freezing Rain on W, M, S, and
HP Shapes
- ICE LOADING ANALYSIS (C & MC SHAPES) - ASCE 7-05 Code - Chapter 10for Ice Loads Due to Freezing Rain on C and MC Shapes
- SEISMIC BASE SHEAR (SINGLE-LEVEL BUILDINGS) - IBC2006 and ASCE 7-05 Specifications - Using Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
for Regular Single-Level Building/Structural Systems
- WIND LOADING ANALYSIS (LOW-RISE BUILDINGS) - ASCE 7-05 Code for Enclosed or Partially Enclosed Buildings, Using Method 2:
Analytical Procedure (Section 6.5) for Low-Rise Buildings

CBA - continuous beam analysis

This is a small engineering tool that calculates member forces and support reactions of a continuous beam
it is based on CBA.m for matlab/octave by Colin Caprani

Beam Design Calculator

For Beam design using the spreadsheet program MS Excel. Must be Online to operate the application.

THERMAL CALCULATORS

The following thermal calculators are provided to assist you with your thermal management problems.

- Slab Thermal Resistance

- Cylinder Thermal Resistance
- Hollow Cylinder Thermal Resistance
- Slab Thermal Resistance With Constriction
- Slab Mass Thermal Resistance
- Mass Flow Thermal Resistance
- Slab Fin Efficiency
- Pin Fin Efficiency
- Forced Convection Heat Sink Thermal Resistance
- Solid State Thermoelectric Peltier Cooler Thermal and Electrical Performance

eFatique

eFatigue is a website devoted to helping you analyze and solve problems in durability and fatigue of structures and components.

The computational part of the eFatigue website is divided in two parts, eFatigue and Fatigue Calculator. There are no charges or sign
in required to use any of the Fatigue Calculators. Many of the Fatigue Technologies listed on the left sidebar have Fatigue Calculators.
The eFatigue portion of the website requires a sign in and contains more computationaly intensive Fatigue Analyzers and enhanced
features for the Fatigue Calculators.

The eFatigue website has a number of documented benchmark problems containing all of the information needed for fatigue
analysis. Here you can use the Fatigue Calculators or Fatigue Analyzers to compute fatigue lives and then compare the results of your
analysis with the experiments. These benchmark problems will give you experience in using eFatigue and increase your confidence in
your ability to solve other more complex fatigue problems.

With eFatigue Analyzers you can save time, money and effort when ever you need
 - Fatigue analysis from Finite Element Models,
- Variable amplitude fatigue analysis from data files, or
- Fatigue analysis from strain gage rosette or other multiaxial data.

Thermal Wizard

- Units Conversion Units Conversion

- Material Properties Material Properties
Metals Metals
Non-metals Non-metals
Air Air
Gases Gases
Water Water
Liquids Liquids
Other Libraries Other Libraries
- Conduction Calculators Conduction Calculators
Across Multilayer Plate Across Multilayer Plate
Across Multilayer Cylinder Across Multilayer Cylinder
Across Contacting Surfaces Across Contacting Surfaces
Embedded Plate Embedded Plate
Embedded Rectangle Embedded Rectangle
Embedded Cylinder Embedded Cylinder
Embedded Two Cylinders Embedded Two Cylinders
- Convection Calculators Convection Calculators
Forced Forced
Natural Natural
- Radiation Calculators Radiation Calculators
Parallel Rectangle Surfaces Parallel Rectangle Surfaces
Parallel Square Surfaces Unequal Size Parallel Square Surfaces Unequal Size
Parallel Circular Surfaces Parallel Circular Surfaces
Perpendicular Surfaces Perpendicular Surfaces
- Head Loss Coefficients Head Loss Coefficients
Duct Entrance Duct Entrance
Duct Exit Duct Exit
Perforated Thin Plates Perforated Thin Plates
Screens Screens
Louvers Louvers

Structural Engineering Calculators

Welcome to CALCULATOR EDGE, an online FREE Engineering Calculators for Engineers and Students worldwide.
Woodworking calculators

Metric and English (Imperial) woodworking calculators

- Stairs - Rise Run Stringer Headroom

Plans
- Circular and Spiral Stairs - Geometry
- Hip Roof Framing Plans
- Rakes Gables and Centres Layout Q & A
- Gable Roof Framing Plans
- Circle Layout Q & A
- Gazebo Plans
- Angle Layout Q & A
- Deck Plan Calculator
- Concrete Block Fence - Piers Panels
- Deck Board Calculator
- Concrete Block Raking Gable - Cutting
- Rise - Run -Pitch - Angle - Slope
- Curved Round Circular Concrete Block Walls
- How to Setout Square or Rectangle
- Concrete Block Starter Bar Map
- Lineal meters ~ Cubic meters Converter
- Concrete Block Bond and Gage
- Lineal meters ~ Square meters
- 200 Sereies Block Quantities - Core Fill etc
Converter
- 200 Series Block Types and where they go in a
- Log Volume Cubic Meters
wall
- Baluster, Stud, Fence Centres +
- 100 Series Block Quantities
Spacings
- 100 Series Block Bond
- Centres and Spacings at Angle
- Miter Cut Concrete Block Corners and Bond
- Stud Lengths at Angle
- Metric ~ English Concrete Block Converter
- Circular Centres and Spacings
- Metric ~ English Converter
- Best Fit (Tile Setout and Cutting)
- Metric ~ English Length Converter
- Arc Layout
- Metric ~ English Length Tables (To Print)
- Oval Layout
- Metric ~ English Square Area Converter
- Dovetail Template Generator
- Metric ~ English Cubic Volume Converter
- Double Twisted Dovetail Template
- Metric ~ English Weight Converter
Generator
- Golden Ratio Calculator
- Trigonometry Visual Triangle
- Bullnose Roof Sheet Length
Calculator
- Compond Mitre Calculator + Templates
- Triangle - Rise Run Angle
- Pulley, Belt and RPM
- Circle Layout and Horizontal Tank
- Weatherboard Cladding Calculator
- Concrete Slab with Footing +
Thickening
- Concrete Cutting Size for kg Weight
Woodworking Calculators and Utilities

Here is a collection of handy woodworking calculators and utilities for tasks such as: computing board feet, sizing drawer fronts,
calculating shelf sag, determining the most appropriate woods for projects, and estimating wood shrinkage and moisture content.

- Draw Sizer - Arithmetic Progression - Computes graduated drawer sizes using arithmetic progression. Generates a nifty graphic and
a list of drawer heights.
- Draw Sizer - Geometric Progression - Computes graduated drawer sizes using geometric progression. Generates a nifty graphic and
a list of drawer heights.
- Draw Sizer - Hambridge Proportioning - Computes graduated drawer sizes using Hambridge proportioning. Generates a nifty
graphic and a list of drawer heights.
- Footulator - A simplified version of the Tabulator that only performs board foot calculations. (no materials list generation).
- Moisture Content Calculator - Computes equilibrium moisture content of wood given relative humidity and temperature.
- Sagulator - Calculates shelf sag (deflection) given type of shelf material, shelf load, length, width, and thickness.
- Shrinkulator - A calculator for estimating dimensional changes in wood, either shrinkage or expansion, based on changes in the
wood's moisture content.
- Tabulator - A board foot calculator and lumber material list generator. Provides options for resawing, a waste factor, lumber costs,
and customization of output results.
- Wood Finish Selector - A screening tool that helps you choose the best clear finish for your woodworking projects. Finishes are
ranked based on 14 different properties that you select.
- Wood Picker - A screening tool that allows you to identify woods based on up to 10 different criteria such as weight, hardness, and
strength. The easy way to find just the right wood for that special project.

Wood Workshop

The Wood Workshop is a free seamless texture editor that specializes in the creation of seamless wood textures. Visit the gallery for
examples of textures made with the Wood Workshop, or download it now for free!

"Wood Doctor Approved" calculators

Here is a series of "Wood Doctor Approved" calculators to make your lumber and timber related estimating a little easier. The
calculators "remember" previous calculations, and generate a running report of entries and subtotals. Please let us know if you find
these calculators useful.

- Wood Shrinkage Calculator

- Hardwood Lumber Board Footage Calculator
- Softwood Lumber Board Footage Calculator
- Log Volume Calculator
- Estimated Log Weight Calculator
- Lumber Weight Calculator
- Lumber Weight Conversion Calculator
- Tree Value Calculator
- Door and Finished Material Weight Calculator
- Manufacturing Overhead Calculator
- Arch Formula Calculation Chart

Wood Search

Description: This is a free Excel workbook to help you search and find references for your favorite woods. This is a valuable research
aid for cross-referencing woods and species names (there are 16,000 references).

American wood council

Span Options Calculator for Wood Joists & Rafters

Maximum Span Calculator for Wood Joists & Rafters

Online technical databases

WIKIPEDIA - THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA

Wikipedia is a multilingual, web-based, free-content encyclopedia project based on an openly editable model. The name
"Wikipedia" is a portmanteau of the words wiki (a technology for creating collaborative websites, from the Hawaiian word wiki,
meaning "quick") and encyclopedia. Wikipedia's articles provide links to guide the user to related pages with additional information.

Wikipedia is written collaboratively by largely anonymous Internet volunteers who write without pay. Anyone with Internet access
can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles (except in certain cases where editing is restricted to prevent disruption or
vandalism). Users can contribute anonymously, under a pseudonym, or with their real identity, if they choose.

The fundamental principles by which Wikipedia operates are the Five pillars. The Wikipedia community has developed many policies
and guidelines to improve the encyclopedia; however, it is not a formal requirement to be familiar with them before contributing.

MATWEB
MatWeb's searchable database of material properties includes data sheets of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers such as ABS,
nylon, polycarbonate, polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene; metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, nickel,
steel, superalloys, titanium and zinc alloys; ceramics; plus semiconductors, fibers, and other engineering materials.

We have over 83,000 materials in our database, and we are continually adding to that total to provide you with the most
comprehensive free source of material property data on the web. For your convenience, MatWeb also has several Converters and
Calculators that make common engineering tasks available at the click of a button. MatWeb is a work in progress. We are continually
striving to find better ways to serve the engineering community. Please feel free to contact us with any comments or suggestions.

MatWeb's database is comprised primarily of data sheets and spec sheets supplied by manufacturers and distributors - let them
know that you saw their material data on MatWeb.

TRACEPARTS

The tracepartsonline.net CAD portal is freely available to millions of CAD users worldwide, with hundreds of supplier catalogs and
100 million CAD models and product datasheets suitable for the design, purchasing, manufacturing or maintenance processes.

MIT OPEN COURSEWARE

Free lecture notes, exams, and videos from MIT. No registration required.

MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) is a web-based publication of virtually all MIT course content. OCW is open and available to the world
and is a permanent MIT activity.

MIT OpenCourseWare is a free publication of MIT course materials that reflects almost all the undergraduate and graduate subjects
taught at MIT.

GOOGLE PATENTS

As part of Google's mission to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful, we're constantly
working to expand the diversity of content we make available to our users. With Google Patents, you can now search the full text of
the U.S. patent corpus and find patents that interest you.

All patents available through Google Patents come from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Patents issued in
the United States are public domain documents, and images of the entire database of U.S. patents are readily available online via the
USPTO website.

Google Patents covers the entire collection of issued patents and millions of patent application made available by the USPTO, from
patents issued in the 1790s through the present. We don't currently include international patents, but we look forward to expanding
our coverage in the future.