Globecom 2014 WS On 5G New Air Interface NTT DOCOMO

5G Concept and Technologies
Takehiro Nakamura
NTT DOCOMO, Inc.
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. NTT DOCOMO Confidential 1
5G Trends and Requirements
Network/Communication Society
in 2020 and Beyond
Everything Connected Extension/enrichment
by Wireless of wireless services
Monitor/collect information & control devices Deliver rich contents in real-time & ensure safety
Multiple personal Transportation Video streaming New types of

devices (Car/Bus/Train) terminal/HI
4K
Interaction across Entertainment, Navigation 4K/8K video resolutions

multiple devices Traffic information Video on newspapers
Background video
Glasses/Touch internet
Consumer Watch/jewelry/cloth
electronics Healthcare Education
s
Remote health
check &
Human interface counseling
Remote operation using and healtchcare
personal terminal sensors Distance (remote) learning
Any lesson anywhere/anytime
House Sensors Cloud computing
Safety and lifeline system
Smart power grid

Remote control of Agriculture and farming
All kinds of services supported Prevention of accidents
facilities Factory automation
by the mobile personal cloud Robustness to disasters
House security Weather/Environment
5G Requirements
5G radio access will provide a total solution to satisfy
wider range of requirements for 2020 and beyond
1000x capacity/km2
Higher system
capacity
Higher data rate Reduced Latency
100x typical data rate RAN latency : < 1ms

(Even for high mobility)
5G
Massive device Energy saving &
connectivity cost reduction
100x connected devices Energy saving for NW & terminals
(Even in crowded areas) Reduced NW cost incl. backhaul
Directions of Evolution: The Cube
A set of radio access technologies is required
to satisfy future requirements
Required performance
Spectrum efficiency
Traffic offloading
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx WiFi
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Controller
3D/Massive MIMO,
Network densification
Current Hotspot Dense urban
Advanced receiver
capacity Shopping mall
Study for new interference scenarios
Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies Cellular network assists
local area radio access
Spectrum extension
Existing cellular bands Higher/wider frequency bands New cellular concept for cost/energy-
efficient dense deployments
Very wide Super wide
Frequency
Efficient use of higher spectrum bands
5G Definition and Technologies
Evolution Paths for 5G
5G = LTE enh. + New RAT 5G Radio Access
Further LTE enhancements
Small cell & general cellular
enhancements for beyond Release 12 Potential
Potential new RAT New RAT
Should prioritize the achievement of more
big gains over backward compatibility
Consider new spectrum allocations of Big gain
WRC-15 and beyond
Further LTE
enhancement
Macro-assisted
Performance
small cell enhancement Rel-14/15,

LTE-Advanced (Phantom cell)
Rel-12/13
LTE Continuous evolution
Rel-10/11
Rel-8/9 CA/eICIC/CoMP
Pico/Femto for HetNet WRC-15 WRC-18
~2015 ~2020 Year
5G Promising Way Forward
Enhanced LTE RAT and/or New RAT New RAT

Existing frequency bands New bands over wide range of frequencies
Frequency
Tight interworking (e.g., dual connectivity)
Further cellular 5G technologies Exploitation of higher

enhancements frequency bands
Non-orthogonal multiple Massive MIMO,
access (NOMA), etc. Interworking new numerology, etc.
Frequency agnostic enhancements

Phantom cell concept, low-latency radio frame design, etc.
Phantom Cell Concept with New RAT
Proposed architecture to utilize higher frequency bands
Phantom cell Split of C-plane & U-plane between
macro and small cells in different frequency bands [1, 2]
Macro cell
Existing C-plane: Macro cell maintains
cellular bands good connectivity and mobility
Small cell
U-plane: Small cell provides
Higher higher data rate and more flexible
frequency bands & cost-energy efficient operations
[1] NTT DOCOMO, 3GPP RWS-120010, June 2012.
[2] H. Ishii et al., IEEE Globecom 2012 Workshop, Dec. 2012.
New RAT to exploit higher frequency bands for 5G

(e.g. > 10GHz )
New RAT Characteristics (1)
Numerology to exploit higher frequency & wider bandwidth
Wider subcarrier spacing, i.e., higher symbol rate, desired for:
Robustness against phase noise
Avoidance of complex carrier aggregation using too many component
carriers
LTE Frequency
New RAT
Wider bandwidth with
wider subcarrier spacing
Non-backward compatible to LTE
Shorter TTI for low latency (< 1ms)

Consider scalability from LTE numerology
Low complexity implementation for LTE/new RAT dual-mode terminals
Easy support of dual connectivity between LTE and new RAT
Flexibility to support variable scenarios
(D2D, wireless backhaul, multi-hop, etc.)
RAT design considering DL/UL symmetry
Signal waveform:
OFDM as baseline for up to 30GHz
High affinity with MIMO technologies in multi-path fading environments
Alternative multi-carrier waveforms such as FBMC also can be considered
Single carrier waveform for further higher frequencies
To prioritize the coverage
Waveform & bandwidth may depend on applied frequency bands
Frequency bands
e.g. < 10GHz e.g. 10-30GHz e.g. > 30GHz
Frequency
Bandwidth
e.g. < 100MHz e.g. 100-1000MHz e.g. >1000MHz
Waveform
LTE based OFDM (new numerology) Single carrier
(or advanced multi-carrier waveforms)
Massive MIMO Beamforming using massive antenna
elements in higher frequency bands
Essential key technology to extend effective cell range
Example 2D antenna configuration
LTE 3D-MIMO Massive MIMO
d
Antenna element 3.5 GHz 10 GHz 20 GHz
20cm
spacing (d) (l = 8.6 cm) (l = 3 cm) (l = 1.5 cm)
0.5 l 16 169 676
0.7 l 9 81 361
20cm
Compensation of increased path loss & Improved spectrum efficiency
Cell range extension Improved spectrum efficiency with
by beamforming gain (multi-user) spatial multiplexing
Massive MIMO: Coverage Extension
Tx power
33 dBm
3.5GHz 10GHz 20GHz
0m Antenna
85m
139m
294m
300m 20 cm
20x20
10x10
437m
490m
4x4 39x39
600m 625m 629m
20x20
715m
40 cm
7x7
855m 77x77
900m
39x39 911m
1029m

1200m 14x14
1246m
80 cm
Evolution of Multiple Access
Processing power
in Devices
f,,
code
f,,
code Intentional
Effort for Effort for Non-orthogonality
OrthogonalityInterference Mitigation
FDMA,TDMA, Equalizer, MIMO
NOMA
CDMA, OFDMA Canceller Exploitation of power-
domain, path loss
Robust gain against user mobility difference among users,
e.g., NOMA as backhaul and UE processing power
access for moving cells
LTE NOMA Concept
LTE non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)
= NAICS extension into intra-cell user multiplexing
NAICS: Network assisted interference 7 NOMA with power sharing
cancellation and suppression (LTE Release 12)
6
Signal for
Rate of cell-center user (b/s/Hz)

cell-center UE f
f 5
Large power allocation

4
for cell-edge UE
Cancellation 3
Cell-center UE
2 Orthogonal access with
with SIC receiver Cell-edge UE bandwidth sharing
UE2 1
UE1 w/o SIC
w/ SIC UE2 signal
decoding
f
SIC of UE2 UE1 signal 0
signal decoding 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
SIC: Successive Interference Canceller Rate of cell-edge user (b/s/Hz)
Currently being proposed for study at LTE Release 13

Testbed for Downlink NOMA
Link-level performance of downlink NOMA with 2x2 SU-MIMO
(with real hardware and SIC receiver)
NOMA OFDMA NOMA OFDMA
SNR=33dB (rank=2) 64QAM 35%
100%
SNR=0dB (rank =1) QPSK 65% SIC
f f
UE#1 UE#2
BS
29Mbps 18Mbps 61% gain !!
NOMA Real-Time Simulator
System-level performance of downlink NOMA + 2x2 SU-MIMO
@ very dense urban area (Shinjuku, Tokyo)
Demo:
NOMA combined with 2x2
closed-loop SU-MIMO (TM4)
NOMA gain over OFDMA:
35% with rank adaptation
51% with fixed rank =1
5G Deployments & Capabilities
5G Deployments in Dense Urban
Proposed combination of Massive MIMO and Phantom cell
will satisfy 5G requirements such as 1000x capacity
Macro Cell
Small Cell Small Cell

Small Cell
Small Cell
User data
Control and
User data
Google
5G Deployments in Rural Area
5G radio access will provide adequate system coverage
even with higher frequency bands
Macro Cell
Small Cell
Small Cell
(Semi-macro Cell)
Deployment/Migration Scenarios
In 2020, 5G will be launched initially from areas, where higher
performance is required, e.g., dense urban area
Both new RAT and enhanced LTE (eLTE) RAT are introduced to realize
tight interworking between lower and higher frequency bands
In beyond 2020, deployment areas of 5G are gradually expanded
while introducing additional higher frequency bands
LTE (or LTE-Advanced) cell can be continuously used as eLTE cell for a
long-time
Before 2020 LTE

LTE
LTE LTE
5G
New RAT
2020 LTE
eLTE
LTE LTE
5G
5G 5G 5G
Frequency
New RAT
New RAT New RAT New RAT
202x eLTE
eLTE
eLTE eLTE
Urban Area Suburban/rural Area

NTT DOCOMOs Activities Toward 5G
5G Real-time Simulator
5G Real-time Simulator
5G Experiment Collaborations
Existing Frequency Bands Wideband Transmission Over Higher Frequency Bands
UHF Low SHF High SHF EHF

Ex. 800MHz, 2GHz 3-6GHz 6-30GHz > 30GHz
Frequency
Alcatel-Lucent Fujitsu NEC Ericsson Samsung Nokia

Experiments on Experiments on Experiments on time- Experiments on Experiments on Experiments on
candidate coordinated domain beamforming new radio interface super-wideband super-wideband single
waveforms to scheduling for super with very large number concept and hybrid beamforming carrier transmission
support mobile dense base stations of antennas Massive MIMO and beam tracking and beamforming
broadband & M2M using RRE (5GHz Band) (15GHz Band) (28GHz Band) (70GHz Band)
Key phenomena at higher frequency
propagation
High frequency bands, especially beyond 6 GHz, are very
attractive in order to obtain wider bandwidth.
Attenuation of rain
Ratio of diffuse scattering

and specular reflection BS
Attenuation of vegetation
MS
Shadowing effect of
human body
In order to determine the carrier frequency bands for 5G, frequency dependency
of path loss and channel properties (ToA, AoD, AoA) need to be understood.
DOCOMOs Measurement Activities
Measurement of shadowing loss of human body in anechoic

chamber at 12, 15, 18 GHz.
Investigation of variation of reception power caused by

shadowing effect of human body (measurement and
simulation) at 26 GHz.
Measurement of path loss in urban micro environment at 26

GHz.
Development of channel sounder with massive-array

antenna for 20 GHz band.
Results of Path Loss Measurement at 26 GHz
Urban micro scenario with Manhattan grid layout (Tokyo, Japan)
Map of Nihonbashi
Prediction of ITU-R M. 2135 may be

applicable for the frequencies up to 26 GHz
bands.
Meas. (LOS) Meas. (NLOS1) Meas. (NLOS2) Meas. (NLOS3)

Tx M.2135 (LOS) M.2135 (NLOS1) M.2135 (NLOS2) M.2135 (NLOS3)
2.2GHz 4.7GHz 26.4GHz
ht = 10 m ht = 10 m ht = 10 m
hr = 2.5m hr = 2.5m hr = 2.5m
Workplan for higher frequency
measurements
Measurement in the urban micro (outdoor-to-outdoor & outdoor-to-
indoor) environment.
Investigation of the frequency dependency of path loss for about 6 -
37 GHz bands.
Channel sounding with massive-array antenna (antenna elements of
256) for 20 GHz band, in order to obtain 3D channel model of SHF
band (beyond 6 GHz).
Validation of numerical simulation (e.g. ray-tracing) for SHF and EHF

bands.
Massive-array antenna 12.3cm

Channel sounder
The number of
12.3cm reception channels
is identical to the
number of antenna
elements, i.e. 256
chnnels.
16-by-16
Proposal on 5G Standardization time plan
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Commercial Initial 5G launch with existing 5G launch with

and WRC15 spectrum bands higher spectrum bands
Launch (Phase 1) (Phase 2)
WRC15 WRC19
Workshop
Requirements Proposals Specifications
Rel. 13 Rel. 14 Rel. 15
Pre-standardization activities
Channel Model SI
Technology SI
WIs for 5G technical components
Basic components Advanced components

to be deployed in 2020 to be deployed in 2022 or later

Globecom 2014 WS On 5G New Air Interface NTT DOCOMO

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5G Concept and Technologies

Multiple personal Transportation Video streaming New types of

Interaction across Entertainment, Navigation 4K/8K video resolutions

Smart power grid

Higher data rate Reduced Latency

100x typical data rate RAN latency : < 1ms

Efficient use of higher spectrum bands

small cell enhancement Rel-14/15,

Enhanced LTE RAT and/or New RAT New RAT

Tight interworking (e.g., dual connectivity)

Further cellular 5G technologies Exploitation of higher

Frequency agnostic enhancements

New RAT to exploit higher frequency bands for 5G

Non-backward compatible to LTE

Shorter TTI for low latency (< 1ms)

Rate of cell-center user (b/s/Hz)

Large power allocation

Currently being proposed for study at LTE Release 13

29Mbps 18Mbps 61% gain !!

Small Cell Small Cell

Before 2020 LTE

Urban Area Suburban/rural Area

UHF Low SHF High SHF EHF

Alcatel-Lucent Fujitsu NEC Ericsson Samsung Nokia

Ratio of diffuse scattering

Measurement of shadowing loss of human body in anechoic

Investigation of variation of reception power caused by

Measurement of path loss in urban micro environment at 26

Development of channel sounder with massive-array

Prediction of ITU-R M. 2135 may be

Meas. (LOS) Meas. (NLOS1) Meas. (NLOS2) Meas. (NLOS3)

2.2GHz 4.7GHz 26.4GHz

Validation of numerical simulation (e.g. ray-tracing) for SHF and EHF

Massive-array antenna 12.3cm

Commercial Initial 5G launch with existing 5G launch with

Rel. 13 Rel. 14 Rel. 15

WIs for 5G technical components

Basic components Advanced components

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