Gateway B1 Student's Book

Unit 1
Ages and stages of life
adolescence (n) /dles()ns/ Adolescence is the period between childhood and being an adult.
adult (n) *** /dlt/ This film is for adults, and Corinne is only 15.
baby (n) *** /bebi/ / A baby is a child who is under the age of three.
birth (n) *** /b(r)/ My date of birth is 23/02/1982.
child (n) *** /tald/ I'm an only child. I haven't got any brothers or sisters.
childhood (n) ** /taldhd/ Childhood is the stage of life when you are a child.
death (n) *** /de/ Lady Diana's death in a car accident was very sad.
middle-aged (adj) /md()l edd/ - You are middle-aged between when you are in your forties and fifties.
old age (n) * /ld ed/ Old age is the time when people stop working.
senior citizen (n) /sini(r) stz()n/ A senior citizen is someone over the age of 65.
teenager (n) ** /tined(r)/ Young people between the ages of 13 and 18 are called teenagers.
young (n) /j dlt/ Someone between the ages of 18 and 21 is a young adult.
The family
aunt (n) *** /nt/ // The sister of one of your parents is your aunt.
born (adj) *** /b(r)n/ Approximately 670,000 babies are born every year in Britain.
brother (n) *** /br(r)/ The brother of one of your parents is your uncle.
brother-in-law (n) /br(r) n l/ The brother of your husband or wife is your brother-in-law.
cousin (n) ** /kz()n/ / The daughter or son of your uncle and aunt is your cousin.
daughter (n) *** /dt(r)/ The girl's father is angry because people call his daughter at unusual times.
divorced (adj) /dv(r)st/ If you are married and then end the marriage, you are divorced.
father-in-law (n) /f(r) n l/ / The father of your wife or husband is your father-in-law.
grandfather/mother (n) ** /grn(d)f(r)/, /m(r)/
/ Your grandfather or grandmother is the mother or father of one of your parents.
grandson/daughter (n) * /grn(d)sn/, /dt(r)/ A son or daughter of one of your children is your grandson or grandaughter.
husband (n) *** /hzbnd/ The man that a woman is married to is her husband.
mother-in-law (n) /m(r) n l/ / The mother of your wife or husband is your mother-in-law.
nephew (n) * /nefju/ / () A son of your brother or sister is your nephew.
niece (n) * /nis/ / () A daughter of your brother or sister is your niece.
one-parent family /wn pernt fm()li/ One-parent families are families where only the father or mother looks after the children.
only child (n) /nli tld/ An only child doesn't have brothers or sisters.
partner (n) *** /p(r)tn(r)/ / The word partner describes either a husband or wife or the person that someone lives with.
single (adj) *** /sg()l/ If you are single, you aren't married.
sister (n) *** /sst(r)/ The female child of your mother and father is your sister.
sister-in-law (n) /sst(r) n l/ / The sister of your husband or wife is your sister-in-law.
son (n) *** /sn/ If you and your partner have a male child, he is your son.
stepfather/mother (n) /stepf(r)/, /m(r)/ / Your mother's new husband in a second or later marriage is your stepfather.
uncle (n) ** /k()l/ The brother of your father or mother is your uncle.
wife (n) *** /waf/ The woman that a man is married to is his wife.
Noun suffixes -ment , -ion , -ence
difference (n) *** /dfrns/ Do you think the food you eat makes a difference to your school marks?
equipment (n) *** /kwpmnt/ High tech equipment such as a jacket with GPS system can tell your parents where you are.
improvement (n) *** /mpruvmnt/ Teenagers who eat with their families are happier than before. That's an improvement.
independence (n) *** /ndpendns/ Adolescents need independence from parents to make their own mistakes.
information (n) *** /nf(r)me()n/ A message is written or spoken information that you send to somebody.
invention (n) ** /nven()n/ The television was one of the greatest inventions of the twentieth century.
movement (n) *** /muvmnt/ The movement of the stars can be followed with a telescope.
protection (n) *** /prtek()n/ Parents want to give protection to their children from danger.
Other words and phrases
alone (adj) *** /ln/ I always eat alone because mum and dad arrive home late from work.
approximately (adv) ** /prksmtli/ A baby is a child up to approximately three years of age.
behaviour (n) *** /bhevj(r)/ The word for the way we talk and act is behaviour.
boil (v) * /bl/ Water boils at 100C.
care (n) *** /ke(r)/ Babies need constant care from their parents.
celebrity (n) * /slebrti/ A celebrity is someone famous like an actor, a singer or a sportsperson.
chance (n) *** /tns/ Parents must give their children a chance to make their own mistakes.
company (n) *** /kmp()ni/ Blade Runner is a company which sells high-tech jackets.
computer technician (n) /kmpjut(r) tekn()n/ A computer technician can help you with computer problems.
connected (adj) * /knektd/ You can talk online if you are connected to the Internet.
constant (n) *** /knstnt/ Babies and small children need constant care and protection.
cost (v) *** /kst/ The jacket with a GPS system costs $500.
cultural values (n) /klt()rl vljuz/ Cultural values are ideas that are important in our lives.
dangerous (adj) *** /dendrs/ Wild dogs can be very dangerous.
decision (n) *** /ds()n/ Adolescents need to take their own decisions about their lives.
difficult (adj) *** /dfk()lt/ Some high-tech equipment is complicated and difficult to use.
discipline (n) *** /dspln/ Discipline is the rules and limits that parents give their children.
discuss (v) *** /dsks/ Teenagers who discuss opinions and plans with their families get better marks.
enter (v) /ent(r)/ It is against the law to enter a house illegally to take things.
e-pal (n) /ipl/ An e-pal is a friend you write to by email.
experiment (n) *** /kspermnt/ As an experiment, in a British TV programme problematic teenagers went to live with strict parents.
explore (v) *** /kspl(r)/ A recent BBC TV show explores the problems with British teenagers.
extra-curricular (adj) /ekstr krkjl(r)/ After the school day many teenagers have extra-curricular sports classes.
fair (=just) (adj) *** /fe(r)/ Some teenagers believe that their parents are not fair.
fashion (n) *** /f()n/ Some people just wear hoodies because that's the fashion.
fast (adv) *** /fst/ In an exam you have to write fast because you have limited time.
female (n) *** /fimel/ Another word for woman is 'female'.
fortunate (adj) ** /f(r)tnt/ If you have more advantages than other people, you are fortunate.
free (adj) *** /fri/ Some parents want their children to be free and not have to follow rules.
fridge (n) * /frd/ I'm going to put the milk and butter in the fridge to keep it cool.
government (n) *** /gv(r)nmnt/ The British government didn't want Edward and Wallis to get married because she was divorced.
GPS system (n) /di pi es sstm/ / GPS systems help you find where you are and where you are going.
grow up (v) /gr p/ When you move from childhood to being an adult, you grow up.
health (n) *** /hel/ The doctor said that cigarettes are bad for your health.
helmet (n) * /helmt/ When you cycle, wear a helmet to protect your head.
hide (v) *** /had/ She hid the money behind the drawer and no one could find it.
inform (v) *** /nf(r)m/ There's a service which informs your parents if you don't arrive on time.
jacket (n) *** /dkt/ Put on your jacket it's freezing outside.
late (adj & adv) *** /let/ I arrived late and missed the bus.
later (adj) /let(r)/ Your mother's new husband in a second or later marriage is your stepfather.
later (adv) *** /let(r)/ I'm busy now but I can speak to you later in the week.
leave (v) *** /liv/ We leave school at 5 o'clock.
lie (=not tell the truth) (v) *** /la/ Some teenagers lie to their parents about what they are doing.
limit (n) *** /lmt/ Some parents give their children no limits because they want them to be 'free'.
look after (v) /lk ft(r)/ I can't come out at the moment because I am looking after my baby sister.
lyrics (n) /lrks/ / The words of a song are called 'lyrics'.
male (n) *** /mel/ Male' is another word for boy or man.
marriage (n) *** /mrd/ If you are married and then end the marriage you are divorced.
meal (n) *** /mil/ In my house dinner is an important meal.
message (n) *** /mesd/ Phone texts and emails are examples of messages.
mistake (n) *** /mstek/ I have to correct my mistakes.
month (n) *** /mn/ I stayed with my grandmother for three months from January to March.
newspaper (n) *** /njuzpep(r)/ The Times is a famous newspaper.
obey (v) ** /be/ Some children obey their parents and follow their rules.
on time (phr) /n tam/ Adults don't always arrive home on time because of work.
online (adj & adv) ** /nlan/ Do you use the Internet to have online conversations?
opportunity (n) *** /p(r)tjunti/ It's important for parents to give their children the opportunity to make mistakes.
/pzt/
opposite (n) *** (=true, the opposite of false) British parents are the opposite of strict they give their children everything they want.
option (n) *** /p()n/ Plan your future with your parents and talk about the different options you can choose.
particular (adj) *** /p(r)tkjl(r)/ For many British teenagers street crime is an area of particular concern.
permanent (adj) *** /p(r)mnnt/ When you have small children, you need to give them permanent care and attention.
place (n) *** /ples/ A security guard looks after a place like a shop or an office.
recent (adj) *** /ris()nt/ The TV news programme explored recent events like last week's plane crash.
regularly (adv) *** /regjl(r)li/ You have to pay your mobile phone bill regularly, usually once a month.
responsible (adj) *** /rspnsb()l/ Who is responsible for teenagers' problems at school, on the streets and at home?
result (n) *** /rzlt/ The results of the experiment are interesting.
rule (n) *** /rul/ Strict parents are parents who have very clear rules for their children to follow and obey.
service (n) *** /s(r)vs/ Some parents pay for a service which sends them a message when their children go outside a specific area.
shout (v) *** /at/ Why don't you shout? My grandfather can't hear you.
specialist (adj) ** /spelst/ New high-tech equipment from specialist companies in the USA help parents watch and listen to their children.
spy (v) * /spa/ Are you parents protecting you or are they spying on you?
stress (n) *** /stres/ Some parents don't tell their children to work hard because they don't want them to have stress.
strict (adj) /strkt/ Strict parents make their children obey the rules.
technology (n) *** /teknldi/ Mobile phones and tablet computers are examples of technology.
yell (v) * /jel/ If you don't yell above the noise, he won't hear you.
zone (n) ** /zn/ A zone is a specific area.

Unit 2
Crimes
burglary (n) * /b(r)glri/ Burglary is the crime of entering a house illegally to take things.
burgle (v) /b(r)g()l/ When you burgle a house you steal things from it.
kill (v) *** /kl/ When you kill somebody you take their life.
mug (v) * /mg/ When you mug someone, you attack them to steal from them.
mugging (n) /mg/ A mugging is when somebody robs another person and takes their money using violence.
murder (n) *** /m(r)d(r)/ A murder is when somebody kills another person.
piracy (n) /parsi/ Piracy is when somebody pirates software such as CDs and DVDs by copying them illegally.

pirate (n & v) /part/ - A pirate is someone who makes and sells illegal copies of software.
rob (v) ** /rb/ When you rob a person or a place you take things illegally.
robbery (n) * /rbri/ A robbery is when somebody robs a bank or a person.
shoplifting (n) /plft/ Shoplifting is when somebody steals things from a shop.
steal (v) *** /stil/ When you steal from a person or place, you take money or objects illegally.
theft (n) ** /eft/ A theft is when somebody steals something.
vandalise (v) /vndlaz/ Vandalism is when somebody vandalises public property.
Criminals
burglar (n) * /b(r)gl(r)/ A burglar is a person who enters a house illegally to take things.
mugger (n) /mg(r)/ A mugger is a person who uses violence to take things from another person.
murderer (n) * /m(r)dr(r)/ A murderer is a person who takes another person's life.
robber (n) * /rb(r)/ A robber is a person who steals things from people or places.
shoplifter (n) /plft(r)/ A shoplifter is someone who steals from a shop.
thief (n) ** /if/ A thief is somebody who steals things in general.
vandal (n) /vnd()l/ A vandal is someone who damages and destroys things for no reason.
Phrasal verbs connected with investigating and finding
come across (v) * /km krs/ Detectives came across the murderer's knife in the garden.
find out (v) *** /fnd at/ After their investigation, the police found out where the thief was.
look into (v) *** /lk nt/ Detectives began to look into the burglary and soon arrested the burglar.
look for (v) *** /lk f(r)/ I can't find my keys. Can you help me look for them?
turn up (v) *** /t(r)n p/ Quite by accident, the knife turned up in the garden.
work out (v) *** /w(r)k at/ Sherlock Holmes worked out crimes using logic.
Other words and phrases
afterwards (adv) *** /ft(r)w(r)dz/ The burglar broke a window and afterwards climbed into the house.
ahead (adv) *** /hed/ The car in front was a kilometre or two ahead.
army (n) *** /(r)mi/ Green was the colour of the army uniform.
arrest (v) ** /rest/ When the police arrest someone, they take him or her to prison.
basic (adj) *** /besk/ The thief made a basic mistake when he left his photograph.
behind (adv) *** /bhand/ James Bond's car was a kilometre behind the car in front.
block (v) *** /blk/ When a thief takes your phone, ask the phone company to block the number.
box (n) *** /bks/ The criminal got inside a box and posted it to the house he wanted to burgle.
bunker (n) /bk(r)/ A bunker is a secret room under the ground.
by accident /ba ksd()nt/ It was difficult to ring 999 by accident on old telephones.
by post /ba pst/ People used to send a lot of letters by post.
camera (n) *** /km()r/ The criminal took a photograph with the camera he stole.
case (='criminal case') (n) *** /kes/ The police worked out an old murder case and arrested the murderer yesterday.
catch (v) *** /kt/ How did the police catch the criminal Lee Hoskins?
cheque (n) ** /tek/ I bought the car with a cheque for 20,000.
commit (v) *** /kmt/ They committed many crimes but the police soon arrested them.
corner (n) *** /k(r)n(r)/ We write our address and the date in the top right hand corner of a formal letter.
crash (v) ** /kr/ / That car is going very fast and I think it's going to crash.
crossroads (n) /krsrdz/ A crossroads is the point where four roads join together.
damage (v) *** /dmd/ A vandal damages and destroys things for no reason.
destroy (v) *** /dstr/ In Casino Royale James Bond's mission is to destroy Le Chiffre, an important Russian agent.
disappear (v) *** /dsp(r)/ The objects weren't in the magician's pockets because they had disappeared.
driving mirror (n) /drav mr(r)/ He saw the car behind in his driving mirror.
escape (v) /skep/ The prisoner escaped from the prison before he was captured by the police.
everywhere (adv) *** /evriwe(r)/ I looked for my phone everywhere but I couldn't find it.
expect (v) /kspekt/ Parents want and expect good behaviour from their children.
fight (n & v) *** /fat/ Many people fought in the First World War.

gadget (n) /gdt/ A gadget is a small device like a phone or MP3 player.
gang (n) ** /g/ A gang of robbers robbed the famous magician.
get ready (v) /get redi/ They hid behind the wall and got ready to catch the thief.
guard (n) *** /g(r)d/ A guard is a person who stops someone from leaving.
guard (v) ** /g(r)d/ When you guard a place, you stop people from entering or leaving.
gun (n) *** /gn/ If you pull the trigger, the gun fires a bullet.
handbag (n) * /hn(d)bg/ A lot of women keep their mobile phones in their handbags.
handle (n) *** /hnd()l/ Turn the handle to open the door.
happen (v) *** /hpn/ Look at the pictures and explain what is happening in each one.
headlights (n) /hedlats/ You could see the car's headlights in the dark road.
headquarters (n) ** /hedkw(r)t(r)z/ The headquarters is the main office of an organisation
jump out (v) /dmp at/ He stopped the car and all three men jumped out.
kidnap (v) * /kdnp/ When you kidnap someone, you take them prisoner illegally.
logic (n) ** /ldk/ Sherlock Holmes used logic to solve crimes.
magician (n) /md()n/ A magician is someone who can make objects disappear.
mission (n) ** /m()n/ Bond's mission is to destroy an important Russian agent.
navy (adj) /nevi/ My favourite colour is navy blue.
navy (n) /nevi/ The navy is a military organisation which fights at sea.
neck (n) *** /nek/ She had a sack over her head. It was tied around her neck with a piece of rope.
note (n) *** /nt/ James Bond left a note with a short message, 'meet me outside'.
outside (adj, adv & n) *** /atsad/ Some prisoners prefer life inside the prison and do not want to go outside.
pair (n) *** /pe(r)/ Bonnie and Clyde were a pair of criminals.
parcel (n) * /p(r)s()l/ He put the present in a parcel and sent it by post.
petrol station (n) /petrl ste()n/ At the petrol station, she filled the car with petrol.
pocket (n) *** /pkt/ He put the mobile phone in his pocket.
police force (n) /plis f(r)s/ A police force is an organisation of police men and women.
popular (adj) *** /ppjl(r)/ The popular name for the British Intelligence Service is MI5.
prison (n) *** /prz()n/ A prison is a place where criminals are sent.
property (n) *** /prp(r)ti/ Public property is an official building or equipment.
quickly (adv) *** /kwkli/ The thief quickly ran away from the scene of the crime.
regular (=common) (adj) *** /regjl(r)/ / Women became a regular part of the police force in 1915.
reply (v) *** /rpla/ She shouted but he did not reply.
revise (v) * /rvaz/ I need to revise for my exam tomorrow.
rope (n) ** /rp/ The sack on her head was tied with a piece of rope.
sack (n) ** /sk/ A sack is a type of bag.
scene of the crime /sin v kram/ The car thieves left their photograph at the scene of the crime.
show (v) *** // He took the map out the bag and showed it to his friends.
software (n) *** /sf(t)we(r)/ Copying software such as CDs and DVDs is illegal.
solve (v) *** /slv/ You can solve a difficult problem by considering the facts.
speed (v) * /spid/ James Bond drove faster and faster as he sped along the road.
successful (adj) *** /sksesf()l/ If you study hard, you can probably be successful in your exams.
suddenly (adv) *** /sd()nli/ While I was travelling to work, my phone suddenly rang.
sunglasses (n) /snglsz/ You should wear sunglasses on a sunny day.
surprise (n) *** /s(r)praz/ It was a surprise to see my school friend after many years.
suspicious (adj) ** /ssps/ The policeman was suspicious when he saw the gun on the table.
thick (adj) *** /k/ A thick layer of dust lay on the furniture.
try (v) *** /tra/ Detectives are trying to find the murderer.
turn off (=lights) (v) *** /t(r)n f/ He turned off the lights and left the room.
unexpectedly (adv) ** /nkspektdli/ The burglar unexpectedly left fingerprints on the door handle.
uniform (adj & n) ** /junf(r)m/ Police officers must wear a uniform.
urgent (adj) ** /(r)d()nt/ It's urgent to find out who committed the murder.
violence (n) *** /valns/ Violence against women is a problem in every country.
walking stick (n) /wk stk/ The old lady always used a walking stick to help her walk.
worried (adj) *** /wrid/ They were worried that the police were suspicious.

Gateway to exams, Units 12

clear (adj) *** /kl(r)/ The answer to the question was not clear.
conference (n) *** /knf()rns/ The professor gave a talk at the conference.
connection (n) *** /knek()n/ Some people make a connection between types of clothes and crime.
cover (v) *** /kv(r)/ Some shopkeepers ask people not to cover their faces or heads.
hood (n) /hd/ When it rains put your coat hood over your head to keep dry.
hoodie (n) /hdi/ A hoodie is a jacket or sweatshirt with a hood which can cover your head.
identify (v) *** /adentfa/ If you cover your head or face, it is difficult to identify you.
incident (n) *** /nsd()nt/ / If someone robs you, report the incident to the police.
pedestrian (n)
necessary (adj) *** /ness()ri/ Some people don't think it's necessary to stop teenagers wearing hoodies.
professor (n) ** /prfes(r)/ A university professor is an expert in his or her subject.
security (n) *** /skjrti/ Security cameras cannot identify teenage criminals who are wearing hoodies.
top (=clothes) (n) *** /tp/ Some shopping centres stop teenagers wearing hooded tops from entering shops.

Unit 3
Countries, nationalities and languages
Argentina (n) /(r)dntin/ Argentina is a country in South America.
Argentinian (n) /(r)dntnin/ The Tango is a famous Argentinian dance.
Austria (n) /stri/ The capital city of Austria is Vienna.
Austrian (adj & n) /strin/ Sigmund Freud was a famous Austrian psychoanalyst.
Brazil (n) /brzl/ Brazil is the world's fifth largest country.
Brazilian (adj & n) /brzlin/ The Brazilian national football team has won the FIFA World Cup five times.
Dutch (adj & n) /dt/ / Dutch is the national language of the Netherlands.
Egypt (n) /idpt/ Egypt is famous for its ancient pyramids and cities.
Egyptian (adj & n) /dp()n/ Tutankhamen is the most famous of the Egyptian pharaohs.
English (adj & n) /gl/ The English language is spoken all over the world.
French (adj & n) /frent/ French food is famous in many countries.
German (adj & n) /dmn/ Boris Becker is a famous German tennis player.
the Netherlands (n) / nelndz/ Amsterdam is the capital city of the Netherlands.
Italian (adj & n) /tljn/ I live in Italy now and speak Italian.
Japan (n) /dpn/ Japan is the third largest national economy in the world.
Japanese (adj & n) /dpniz/ As a child I watched Japanese cartoons.
Poland (n) /plnd/ Poland is a country to the east of Germany.
Polish (adj & n) /pl/ Polish is the official language of Poland.
Portuguese (adj & n) /ptgiz/ Portuguese explorers arrived in Brazil in 1500.
Romansh (n) /rmn/ Romansh is one of the national languages of Switzerland.
Russia (n) /r/ The capital city of Russia is Moscow.
Russian (adj & n) /r()n/ Tchaikovsky was a famous Russian composer.
Spanish (adj & n) /spn/ Spanish is the language spoken in Spain and most of Latin America.
Swiss (adj & n) /sws/ Swiss chocolate is a famous product of Switzerland.
Switzerland (n) /swtslnd/ Switzerland is a country to the north of Italy.
Wales (n) /welz/ Wales is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Welsh (adj & n) /wel/ About a fifth of people in Wales speak the Celtic language of Welsh.
Learning a language
do an exercise (v) /du n eks(r)saz/ You usually do grammar exercises in class and at home.
do homework (v) /du hmw(r)k/ I always do my homework before I watch television.
do/study English (v) /du/stdi gl/ Some students use the Internet to study English.
do/take an exam (v) /du/tek n gzm/ I feel nervous before I take an exam.
make a mistake (v) /mek mstek/ Don't worry about making mistakes when you are learning a language.
memorization (n) /memraze()n/ Memorization is the process of learning something so that you remember it.
memorize (v) * /memraz/ If you write a list, it will help you to memorize vocabulary.
practice (n) *** /prkts/ Being good at English takes a lot of practice.
practise (v) ** /prkts/ You should practise speaking whenever you have time.
revision (n) ** /rv()n/ Before the exams, revision will help you to remember.
student (n) *** /stjud()nt/ My school is big and has 1500 students.
study (v) *** /stdi/ It's important to have a quiet place where you can study.
translate (v) ** /trnslet/ You can use your dictionary to translate words from English to your language.
translation (n) ** /trnsle()n/ You can read novels in the original language and in a translation.
Negative prefixes
illegal (adj) ** /lig()l/ It is illegal to sell pirate copies of books or CDs in shops.
impossible (adj) *** /mpsb()l/ It is impossible to translate a long book in two days.
incorrect (adj) * /nkrekt/ It is incorrect to say 'a books' in English.
informal (adj) ** /nf(r)m()l/ Hi' is an informal way to greet someone.
invisible (adj) ** /nvzb()l/ You couldn't see the words because they were invisible.
irregular (adj) * /regjl(r)/ Many common English verbs, such as go, do and make, have an irregular past form.
unhappy (adj) ** /nhpi/ Authors are usually unhappy about pirate versions of their books.
unofficial (adj) /nf()l/ In China there were unofficial, pirate translations of Harry Potter books.
unusual (adj) ** /njul/ Klingon is an unusual language as it was invented for a TV series.
Other words and phrases
accommodation (n) ** /kmde()n/ Summer courses at language schools include accommodation in hotels or with families.
advice (n) *** /dvas/ Good advice for learning English is to practise every day.
airline (n) ** /e(r)lan/ English is the international language for most of the world's airlines.
alien (adj) ** /elin/ // English is an alien language to both Chinese and German engineers who work together in China.
annual (adj) *** /njul/ An annual event is one which happens every year.
apart from (phrase) /pa(r)t frm/ Apart from Russian, I can speak English.
background (n) *** /bkgrand/ When you listen to someone, you can often hear other voices in the background.
belong to (v) *** /bl t/ The English language belongs to the whole world as it is spoken in 70 countries.
biscuit (n) ** /bskt/ A biscuit is a baked food product and is originally a French word.
break (n & v) *** /brek/ A weekend break is a short holiday over the weekend.
building (n) *** /bld/ Egyptian pyramids are ancient buildings.
business (=count.) (n) *** /bzns/ Many companies and businesses around the world use English to communicate with each other.
calculate (v) ** /klkjlet/ Some people calculate that there are 885 million speakers of Mandarin Chinese.
career (n) *** /kr(r)/ You can begin your career as an actor at drama school.
channel (=TV) (n) *** /tn()l/ The BBC has a special channel for children's television programs.
chat (v) ** /tt/ I met two people who were chatting in Klingon, which is an invented language.
confusion (n) ** /knfju()n/ There is confusion about the origin of some words and not everyone agrees.
consonant (n) * /knsnnt/ Polish words sometimes have a lot of consonants such as z and n.
contain (v) *** /knten/ The Harry Potter books contain almost 400 invented words and names.
convention (n) *** /knven()n/ Star Trek fans have regular conventions to meet and talk about the series and films.
count (v) *** /kant/ The Pirah language has only three words to count: one, two and many.
credits (end of a film) (n) *** /kredts/ The credits are a list of people who worked on a film or TV.
dessert (n) * /dz(r)t/ Yoghurt is a type of dessert made from milk.
discourse (n) * /dsk(r)s/ English is the agreed international language of discourse for many world organizations.
dub (v) * /db/ Dubbing is when you add new voices to a film in a different language to the original.
experience (n & v) *** /ksprins/ In a language biography, you describe your experiences of learning a different language.
expression (n) *** /kspre()n/ When writing a letter, 'Dear Sir or Madam' is a formal expression.
factor (n) *** /fkt(r)/ Price and quality of teaching are important factors when choosing a language school.
factory (n) *** /fktri/ There are many factories producing cars in China and Japan.
familiar (adj) *** /fmli(r)/ The Klingon grammar has some familiar and some unfamiliar elements.

fuelling stop (n) /fjul stp/ If you are driving a long way, you need a lot of fuelling stops for petrol.
hamburger (n) /hmb(r)g(r)/ A lot of people think the word hamburger comes from German.
instead of (adv) /nsted v/ Instead of doing translations, we do lots of grammar exercises.
interpretation (n) *** /nt(r)prte()n/ What is your interpretation of that piece of music?
last (v) *** /lst/ The language course lasts four weeks.
level (n) *** /lev()l/ In Scandinavia, the general public's level of English is very high.
linguist (n) * /lgwst/ An experienced linguist invented the language, Klingon for a TV series.
mad about (adj) /md bat/ Star Trek fans are mad about the films and series.
main (n) *** /men/ Heathrow is the main airport of Britain.
monument (n) ** /mnjmnt/ / There are many ancient monuments in Egypt, like the pyramids.
mother-tongue (n) /m(r) t/ I can speak English and French but my mother-tongue is Russian.
mountain (n) *** /mantn/ The mountains of Switzerland are good for skiing.
native speaker (n) * /netv spik(r)/ There are 885 million native-speakers of the Mandarin Chinese language.
neighbour (n) *** /neb(r)/ Britain and France are neighbours because the countries are next to each other
occasionally (adv) *** /ke()nli/ We study vocabulary at school and occasionally we do vocabulary tests.
office (n) *** /fs/ There are a lot of offices in Tokyo because it is a large city.
original (adj) *** /rd()nl/ I prefer to read books in the original version not in my own language.
original (n) * /rd()nl/ Viewers in France like to watch the dubbed version of a film, not the original.
over (=more than) (adv) *** /v(r)/ There are versions of Harry Potter in over 60 languages.
permission (n) /p(r)m()n/ You can only translate books when you have official permission.
picnic (n) * /pknk/ Japanese people like to eat a 'pikkunikku' which is their word for a 'picnic'.
politician (n) *** /plt()n/ Arnold Schwarzenegger is an actor who later became a politician.
possession (n) ** /pze()n/ My computer is my most important possession.
sauce (n) ** /ss/ Ketchup was originally the name for a type of fish sauce in China.
set up (=start, establish) (v) ***/set p/ The famous car company, Volkswagen, was set up in 1937.
sign (n) *** /san/ Many road signs around the world, for example 'Stop', are in English.
simple (adj) *** /smp()l/ The Pirah language is very simple because it doesn't have many sounds or concepts.
simplify (v) * /smplfa/ Sometimes when dubbing films, translators need to simplify and cut dialogue.
snow (n) *** /sn/ There is a lot of snow in Switzerland in winter.
sound (n) *** /sand/ The Brazilian Pirah language has ten or eleven different sounds.
surfing (n) /s(r)f/ / There is good surfing in Hawaii because of the big waves.
theme park (n) /im p(r)k/ There are different kinds of rides at theme parks.
tomato ketchup (n) /tmt ketp/ People put tomato ketchup on food like hamburgers.
translator (n) /trnslet(r)/ The translators of the Harry Potter books need to work fast to get the books ready.
tribe (n) ** /trab/ The Pirah tribe are a small group of native people from Brazil.
Turkish (adj & n) /t(r)k/ The word 'yoghurt' comes originally from the Turkish language.
version (n) *** /v(r)()n/ I watch DVDs in the original English version, not in my own language.
vowel (n) * /val/ There are five vowels in English: a, e, i, o, and u.
whole (adj & n) *** /hl/ Nowadays, the English language belongs to the whole world.
yoghurt (n) /jg(r)t/ Yoghurt is a milky dessert originally from Turkey.

Unit 4
Parts of the body
arm (n) *** /(r)m/ I fell down and broke my arm.
back (n) *** /bk/ I lifted something heavy and now I have hurt my back.
chest (n) *** /test/ If you have a heart attack you have a pain in your chest.
ear (n) *** /(r)/ If you play music too loud, you can hurt your ears.
elbow (n) *** /elb/ Have you ever hurt your elbow playing tennis?
finger (n) *** /fg(r)/ It's rude to point your finger at me.
foot (n) *** /ft/ I was playing football when I hurt my foot.
hand (n) *** /hnd/ When you have a virus, it is important to wash your hands regularly.
head (n) *** /hed/ You can use your head to hit the ball in a football game.
knee (n) *** /ni/ My friend fell and hurt his knee playing basketball.
leg (n) *** /leg/ She fell from her horse and has broken her leg.
nose (n) *** /nz/ His nose is red because he has a cold.
stomach (n) ** /stmk/ I ate something bad and my stomach hurts.
throat (n) *** /rt/ I can't talk because my throat is sore.
toe (n) ** /t/ I hurt my toe when I was playing football.
tooth (n) *** /tu/ I can't eat anything at the moment because my tooth hurts.
Health problems and illnesses
broken (adj) ** /brkn/ He can't lift anything because his arm is broken.
cold (adj & n) *** /kld/ A cold is a common illness caused by a virus.
cough (n) * /kf/ When you have a cold, you often have a cough too.
earache (n) /rek/ I put something warm on my ear to relieve the pain of the earache.
flu (n) * /flu/ She caught the flu and has had to stay in bed for two weeks.
headache (n) * /hedek/ I had a headache and had to take some tablets.
hurt (v) *** /h(r)t/ He's just fallen off his horse and hurt himself.
pain (n) *** /pen/ I twisted my ankle and suffered a lot of pain.
sore (adj) * /s(r)/ () Sometimes if you have a cold or flu you have a sore throat too.
stomach ache (n) /stmk ek/ People who suffer from stress often have a stomach ache.
temperature (n) *** /temprt(r)/ I caught the flu and had a very high temperature.
toothache (n) /tuek/ Have you ever had a toothache and had to visit the dentist?
virus (n) *** /vars/ The flu virus can be quickly spread by coughing and sneezing.
Compound nouns connected with health and medicine
first aid (n) /f(r)st ed/ My sister had an accident but someone who knew first aid helped her.
food poisoning (n) /fud pz()n/ She ate something bad and now she's got food poisoning.
health centre (n) /hel sent/ If you feel ill, telephone the health centre to see a doctor.
heart attack (n) * /h(r)t tk/ A heart attack is when somebody has a lot of pain in their chest and can often be fatal.
painkiller (n) /penkl(r)/ Take painkillers to help if you suffer from headaches.
waiting room (n) /wet rum/ Sit in the waiting room until it's your turn to see the doctor.
Other words and phrases
accident (n) *** /ksd()nt/ I've had an accident and have fallen off my bicycle.
admit (v) *** /dmt/ I was admitted to hospital with a broken arm.
bitterness (n) /bt(r)ns/ Bitterness is a feeling of anger and unhappiness because of a bad experience.
blame (n) * /blem/ Blame is the responsibility for doing something bad.
blame (v) *** /blem/ Don't blame yourself as the accident wasn't your fault.
boat (n) *** /bt/ I fell off the boat, into the water.
bored (adj) ** /b(r)d/ Carrie was bored as she didn't have anything to do.
borrow (v) ** /br/ I didn't have a ruler so I had to borrow one.
bright (adj) *** /brat/ The sunshine was bright so I needed to wear sunglasses.
chemical (n) *** /kemk()l/ Cleaning products can contain harmful chemicals so need to be used carefully.
congratulations (n) * /kngrtle()nz/ I passed my exam and received congratulations from my family and friends.
cruelty (n) * /krulti/ The cruelty of the criminal's behaviour shocked everyone.
cure (n) ** /kj(r)/ Chicken soup is a great cure for a cold.
desert (n) ** /dez(r)t/ The country had a hot, dry climate and the land was mostly desert.
drama (n) *** /drm/ On TV you can watch hospital dramas about the lives of doctors and nurses.
drug (n) *** /drg/ Drugs such as painkillers can help you feel better when you are ill.
emergency (n) *** /m(r)d()nsi/ Learn first aid so that you know what to do if there's an emergency.
evil (adj & n) ** /iv()l/ Evil people can do bad things to others.
fall (v) *** /fl/ He has just fallen onto the floor and hurt himself.
fault (n) *** /flt/ The car crash was my fault because I was going too fast.
fear (n) *** /f(r)/ Many children have a fear of the dark and sleep with a light on.
filled (adj) *** /fld/ Deep filled sandwiches are sold in the canteen.
forest (n) *** /frst/ There were too many trees in the forest so I couldn't see far.
forgive (v) ** /f(r)gv/ The guilty man asked the people to forgive him.
get off (a boat) (v) *** /get f/ When she got off the boat, she started to feel seasick.
get rid of (v) ** /get rd v/ All kinds of hot soup can help get rid of a sore throat.
get well (v) ** /get wel/ I'm sorry you're ill and I hope you get well soon.
ghost (n) ** /gst/ The book Frankenstein was written after the author listened to other ghost stories.
grant (v) *** /grnt/ He was granted the chance to tell the truth to the police.
guess (v) *** /ges/ Can you guess how many presents I got for my birthday?
guilty (adj) *** /glti/ The man was guilty of committing the crime.
hard (=solid) (adj) *** /h(r)d/ The frozen ground was too hard to dig.
human being (n) *** /hjumn bi/ We are basically all the same because we are all human beings.
hygiene (n) * /hadin/ As part of personal hygiene you should carefully wash your hands.
ice (n) *** /as/ The lake turns to ice in the winter months.
innocence (n) * /ns()ns/ He told the policeman he didn't steal the car and maintained his innocence.
laboratory (n) ** /lbrt()ri/ The scientist experimented with the chemicals in his laboratory.
laptop (n) /lptp/ I'm taking my laptop on holiday because I'll be able to study while I'm there.
lie, lay (v) *** /la,le/ My doctor asked me to lie down on the bed.
lock (v) *** /lk/ He locked the door with a key so no-one could get in the room.
lower (your voice) (v) ** /l(r)/ () Please lower your voice as you are talking too loudly.
mad (adj) ** /md/ Eating soup to help cure a cold is not a mad idea as some people say it works.
mime (n & v) /mam/ / In the game, each person performs a mime for the others to guess what the answer is.
misery (n) ** /mzri/ His sad life was full of unhappiness and misery.
non-stop (adj) /nnstp/ The terrible noise carried on non-stop throughout the night.

poison (n) * /pz()n/ That chemical is a poison that could kill if you were to drink it.
politely (adv) * /platli/ It is good manners to smile politely when you ask a favour.
pray (v) ** /pre/ Many people pray for help in their lives.
prize (n) *** /praz/ The prize on the show last night was 10,000.
project (n) *** /prdekt/, /prdekt/ I'm going to do a project about biology at school next week.
raise (your voice) (v) *** /rez/ Please raise your voice so we can all hear you.
reach (v) *** /rit/ Finally we reached the very top of the mountain.
recover (v) *** /rkv(r)/ It took him two weeks to recover from his illness.
reduce (v) *** /rdjus/ A pain-killer is a medicine that reduces pain.
remedy (n) ** /remdi/ Remedies for colds will help you get better.
ride (v) *** /rad/ (, ..) Last week I was riding a horse but I fell off.
rubbish (n) /rb/ My mum asked me to take out the rubbish and put it in the bin.
seasick (adj) /sisk/ Because the sea was rough she felt seasick on the boat.
seasickness (n) /siskns/ The up and down movement of the boat can cause seasickness.
separate (v) *** /sepret/ I needed to separate the clothes into dark colours and light colours.
ship (n) *** /p/ Have you ever travelled across the sea by ship?
sick (adj) *** /sk/ I was sick after the long, hot car journey.
slip past (v) /slp pst/ The footballer tried to slip past the defence to score a goal.
solid (adj) *** /sld/ Water becomes solid when it is frozen.
stare (v) *** /ste(r)/ He stared through the window at the night sky.
strong (adj) *** /str/ After he recovered from the illness he felt strong again.
succeed (v) *** /sksid/ After trying again, I succeeded with my language test.
suffer (v) *** /sf(r)/ Some students suffer from stress caused by worrying about exams.
summer (n) /sm(r)/ My family are going to the coast for our summer holidays.
take over (v) *** /tek v(r)/ The new teacher will take over the class at the start of the new year.
turn (n) *** /t(r)n/ After a short wait it was my turn to see the doctor.
twice (adv) *** /twas/ I've seen this film twice, yesterday and today.
website (n) ** /websat/ Wikipedia is one of the most popular websites in the world.
wicked (adj) * /wkd/ The children were wicked, and damaged the plants in the park.
winter (n) *** /wnt(r)/ Nights get colder and darker in winter.
wonder (v) *** /wnd(r)/ They wondered which path to take, the right one or the left.

Gateway to exams, Units 34

ability (n) *** /blti/ The questions will test my maths ability.

board game (n) /b(r)d gem/ Playing board games like chess can keep you mentally active.
brain (n) *** /bren/ Some scientists think that speaking different languages is good for your brain.
chess (n) * /tes/ Chess is usually played on a square board with black and white pieces.
crossword (n) * /krsw(r)d/ I like solving the crossword puzzle in the Sunday newspaper.
discovery (n) *** /dskv()ri/ The discovery of penicillin has helped many patients recover from infections.

Unit 5
TV programmes
advert (ad/advertisement) (n) */dv(r)t/ There are often advert breaks on TV when different products are shown.
cartoon (n) * /k(r)tun/ Mickey Mouse is a famous cartoon character from film and TV.
chat show (n) * /tt / Famous people talk about themselves and their careers on TV chat shows.
comedy (n) ** /kmdi/ There are many funny situations in comedy shows like Friends.
documentary (n) * /dkjment()ri/ Theres a documentary about Shakespeare's life and work on television tonight.
film (n) ***
game show (n)
programme (n) ***
reality show (n)
remote control (n) *
series (n) ***
soap (n) **
sports programme (n)
the news (n) ***
turn/switch on/off (v) ***
Adjectives describing TV programmes
awful (adj) **
boring (adj) **
cool (adj) ***
funny (adj) ***
informative (adj) *
scary (adj) *
Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed
confusing/ed (adj) */*
disappointing/ed (adj) */*
embarrassing/ed (adj) */*
frightening/ed (adj) */*
interesting/ed (adj) ***/***
moving/ed (adj) **/**
relaxing/ed (adj) ~/*
surprising/ed (adj) ***/***
tiring/ed (adj) ~/***
Other words and phrases
a bit (adv)
addict (n) *
agree (v) ***
anatomy (n)
archer (n)
attractive (adj) ***
authentic (adj) *
brave (adj) **
broadcast (v) **
cable (n)
capture (v)
/flm/ The new Robin Hood film, directed by Ridley Scott, is at the cinema tomorrow.
/gem / Last night, the contestant on the game show got the answer wrong and lost 10,000.
/prgrm/ Advert breaks can often interrupt a good TV programme.
/rilti / My favourite reality show has lots of strange people staying in a house full of TV cameras.
/rmt kntrl/ I use the remote control to alter the sound on my TV while I answer the phone.
/sriz/ I try to stay home every Wednesday to watch all the programmes in the series.
/sp/ The acting in soaps is often unrealistic and the stories are unbelievable.
/sp(r)ts prgrm/ I like sports programmes, especially shows about football.
/ njuz/ Instead of reading, many people get the news from TV, radio or internet.
/t(r)n/swt n/f/ / Most people use the TV remote control to switch off the TV.
/f()l/ An awful TV programme is one that is very bad.
/br/ A boring TV programme is one that isn't interesting.
/kul/ , A cool TV programme is one that is very good.
/fni/ A funny TV programme is one that makes you laugh.
/nf(r)mtv/ Documentaries and news programmes are informative.
/skeri/ A scary TV programme is one that makes you feel frightened.
/knfjuz/knfjuzd/ We didn't understand the film because the story was confusing.
/dspnt/dspntd/ The directors of the show were very disappointed because not many people watched it.
/mbrs/mbrst/ It was so embarrassing when the presenter forgot what to say.
/frat()n/frat()nd/ I enjoyed the film but the sudden, loud noises were quite frightening!
/ntrst/ntrstd/ The documentary about zoo animals was interesting.
/muv/muvd/ I was moved by the film and started to cry.
/rlks/rlkst/ The examiner was so nice. She made me feel relaxed before the exam.
/s(r)praz/s(r)prazd/ I was surprised to hear that they've cancelled such a good TV show.
/tar/ta(r)d/ I'm very tired after working and want to go to bed.
/ bt/ Watching football on TV is a bit better than being at the game as you can see everything.
/dkt/ He's a TV addict and watches it after school every day.
/gri/ I agree with you that it wasn't a very good film.
/ntmi/ The man studied anatomy so he knew all about parts of the body.
/(r)t(r)/ The archer was shooting arrows from a bow into a tree.
/trktv/ The actress who played the leading role was very attractive.
/entk/ The film location varied from the original story, but the costumes were authentic.
/brev/ Robin Hood is a brave character who overcomes danger without being scared.
/brdkst/ The TV images of the moon landings were broadcast all around the world.
/keb()l/ Television images can be transmitted by radio waves or through cables in the ground.
/kpt(r)/ Television cameras can capture images that we may otherwise not see in normal life.
century (n) *** /sentri/ I think the computer is probably the greatest invention of the 20th century.
cheat (v) * /tit/ TV cameras make it hard for sports people to cheat as everyone can see what they do.
common (adj) *** /kmn/ Television became common in people's homes in the 1940s.
critic (n) *** /krtk/ Critics write reviews of the latest movies in which they publish their opinions.
demonstration (n) ** /demnstre()n/ , Inventor Logie Baird gave the first demonstration of TV pictures in 1925.
distant (adj) ** /dstnt/ Television enabled people to see images from distant places without leaving home.
doll (n) * /dl/ The first TV image showed the head of a child's doll.
electronic (adj) *** /elektrnk/ A television set contains many small electronic parts.
episode (n) ** /epsd/ , Some TV shows are shown in episodes over a number of different days.
equally /ikwli/ Soaps and game shows are equally popular on TV.
exotic (adj) * /gztk/ Have you ever visited an exotic country; one that is very different to yours?
fall asleep (v) /fl slip/ I was so tired, I fell asleep while watching TV.
far (=far better) (adv) ** /f(r)/ Watching TV is far more popular than writing letters.
fitness (n) ** /ftns/ Some people worry that watching too much TV is bad for your physical fitness.
flat (n) *** /flt/ I live in a flat, and have neighbours living above and below me.
general election (n) /den()rl lek()n/ I will be voting for a change of government in the next general election.
goal (=football) (n) *** /gl/ Most football sports programmes show you all the goals from the day's matches.
gym (n) * /dm/ I like to go to the gym and do lots of exercising and weight training.
hunger (n) * /hg(r)/ Because of hunger, some wild animals come into towns to find food.
igloo (n) /glu/ The Inuits built houses from ice blocks called igloos.
image (=picture) (n) *** /md/ Documentary films can show you images of real life in other parts of the world.
Inuit (n) /nut/ An early film showed the life of the Inuit people who live within the Arctic Circle.
iron (=material) (n) ** /a(r)n/ The metal gates were made of iron and were starting to show signs of rusting.
laugh (v) *** /lf/ I was watching cartoons and started to laugh out loud.
lazy (adj) ** /lezi/ I think the kids of today are lazier than in the past because they watch so much television.
mechanical (adj) ** /mknk()l/ He wanted to become a mechanical engineer as he was interested in how machines worked.
melodramatic (adj) /meldrmtk/ Soap series are described as melodramatic because the stories have an exaggerated style.
newsreader (n) /njuzrid(r)/ The newsreader had to remain unemotional as she spoke about the disaster.
nowadays (adv) ** /nadez/ Nowadays people can watch television on the Internet.
organiser (n) ** /(r)gnaz(r)/ The organisers of the event hoped to attract lots of interest.
outlaw (n) /atl/ Originally, people talked about Robin Hood as a criminal or outlaw, not a hero.
palm tree (n) /pm tri/ In warm climates, there are often palm trees growing in the streets.
parachuting (n, v) /prut/ Part of the job involves jumping out of the plane and parachuting to the ground.
save (v) *** /sev/ Lifeboats were carried on large ships to help save the crew if the ship sank.
selective (adj) ** /slektv/ I'm very selective about which TV programmes I want to watch.
sensation (n) ** /sense()n/ In Britain in 1953, millions watched the Queen's coronation on TV for the first time and it caused a sensation.
sensationalism (n) ** /sense()nlz()m/ Newspapers are often accused of sensationalism, reporting too many silly stories and not enough real news.
serious (adj) *** /sris/ Some people think many TV programmes are too serious and not entertaining enough.
silent (adj) *** /salnt/ The very first films were silent and had no speech or soundtrack.
slightly (adv) *** /slatli/ I'm slightly older than my twin sister as I was born 30 minutes before her.
spend (time) (v) *** /spend tam/ For me, reading is the most interesting way to spend free time.
sure (adj) *** /(r)/ No one can be sure what will happen in the future.
team (n) *** /tim/ The Spanish team won the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
tower (n) ** /ta(r)/ From the top of the tower I can see across the rooftops of the town.

transmit (v) ** /trnzmt/ Logie Baird was able to transmit the first black and white picture in 1925.
TV guide (n) /ti vi gad/ I always read the TV guide and decide what I'm interested in watching.
TV station (n) /ti vi ste()n/ The BBC and CNN are two well-known TV stations.
without (prep) *** /wat/ Many people would find it difficult to live without TV as they enjoy it so much.

Unit 6
Geographical features
beach (n) *** /bit/ If it's sunny, people often go to the beach and swim.
desert (n) ** /dez(r)t/ If it doesn't rain enough, some land could become dry and dusty desert.
forest (n) *** /frst/ The trees and plants of the forest will be affected by global warming.

jungle (n) *
mountain range (n)
rainforest (n) *
The environment
drought (n)
environment (n) ***
flood (n) **
global warming (n) *
greenhouse effect (n)
nuclear disaster (n)
oil spill (n)
ozone layer (n)
pollution (n)
recycle (v) *
save (v) ***
waste (n & v) ***
Different uses of get
arrive (v) ***
bring (v) ***
become (=a process or change of state) (v) ***
obtain or buy (v) ***
receive (v) ***
Other words and phrases
/dg()l/ Jungles are lush forests where the temperature is hot and there is a lot of rain.
/mantn rend/ The Andes and the Alps are examples of mountain ranges.
/renfrst/ The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon in Brazil.
/drat/ If we don't get any rain, there will be no water and we will have a drought.
/nvarnmnt/ If we recycle more and reduce pollution we can help protect the environment.
/fld/ If we get too much rain at one time it will not drain away and there could be a flood.
/glb()l w(r)m/ Global warming will mean the temperature of the planet will increase.
/grinhas fekt/ When heat cannot escape from the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect means warmer temperatures.
/njukli(r) dzst(r)/ The world's worst nuclear disaster happened in Chernobyl in 1986 when a lot of radiation escaped.
/l spl/ If a tanker ship starts to sink it can cause a terrible oil spill.
/zn le(r)/ The ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere protects the earth from the sun.
/plu()n/ Fumes from cars and factories can cause pollution in the air.
/risak()l/ Many products can be recycled so that they can be used again and not thrown away.
/sev/ If we reuse and recycle all the paper in the school itll help to save trees.
/west/ If you dont turn the tap off when you wash your hands, you waste a lot of water.
/rav/ Did you get (arrive) home late last night?
/br/ Sit down and I'll get (bring) you a glass of water.
/bkm/
The book started off really well but then it got (became) boring in the end.
/bten/ Im going to get (obtain/buy) some bread from the supermarket.
/rsiv/ I got (receive) my exam results yesterday.
affect (v) ** /fekt/ Tiredness can affect a person's ability to do their job properly.
anniversary (n) ** /nv(r)s()ri/ Greenpeace began in 1971 and will celebrate its 50th anniversary in 2021.
arsonist (n) /(r)s()nst/ Arsonists deliberately started fires in Australia that caused a massive amount of damage.
atmosphere (n) ** /tmsf(r)/ The ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from the sun.
attraction (n) ** /trk()n/ Theme parks have many different attractions to keep us amused.
burn (v) *** /b(r)n/ If we burn rubbish, we can produce lots of energy.

canteen (n) * /kntin/ A lot of students in Britain eat school lunches in the canteen.
catastrophic (adj) /ktstrfk/ If we have more floods and droughts, the results will be catastrophic.
celebrate (v) *** /selbret/ In the USA, families get together to celebrate Thanksgiving every year in November.
cheap (adj) *** /tip/ It's cheaper to make paper and glass from new materials than it is to recycle them.
close to (adj & adv) /kls t/ If you sit too close to the TV, it's bad for your eyes.
community (n) *** /kmjunti/ There are two schools and a health centre in our community.
consequence (n) *** /knskwns/ If the forests and jungles disappear, the consequence for animals and plants will be extinction.
convict (n) ** /knvkt/ In the 18th century, convicts were sent from British prisons to live in Australia.
cut down (v) *** /kt dan/ If we don't recycle paper, we will need to cut down more trees.
definitely (adv) ** /def()ntli/ My team will definitely win tonight. I'm sure of it.
deliberately (adv) ** /dlb()rtli/ If you deliberately hurt another person, you might be arrested by the police.
disastrous (adj) * /dzstrs/ If the ice cap melts faster than predicted, the consequences will be disastrous.
dry (adj) *** /dra/ Many parts of Australia are desert and as a result are incredibly dry and hot.
east (adj & adv) /ist/ Sydney is on the east coast of Australia.
east (n) *** /ist/ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
efficient (adj) /f()nt/ Burning rubbish is a very efficient way to generate electricity.
energy (n) *** /en(r)di/ Burning rubbish can produce energy that is relatively inexpensive and clean.
fancy (v) ** /fnsi/ Do you fancy coming to the beach with us?
farmer (n) *** /f(r)m(r)/ Where there is no water, farmers can't grow food.
footprint (n) /ftprnt/ If you use less energy, you will make your carbon footprint smaller.
frequent (adj) ** /frikwnt/ There are frequent droughts in some parts of Australia.
fumes (n) * /fjumz/ Most of the vehicles on the roads produce fumes which cause pollution.
generate (v) *** /denret/ Windfarms can generate a lot of electricity without creating much pollution.
glass (=material) (n) *** /gls/ Glass from bottles or jars can be recycled easily.
habit (n) *** /hbt/ A bad habit is to leave electrical devices on standby overnight.
heat (n) *** /hit/ When heat is trapped in the atmosphere, this causes the planet to warm up.
honest (adj) ** /nst/ People should be honest and admit that they could do more to help.
increase (n) *** /nkris/ The increase in temperature could change the world forever.
increase (v) *** /nkris/ To save energy we need to increase the amount we recycle.
indigenous (adj) /nddns/ Aborigines are the indigenous people of Australia.
influence (v) *** /nfluns/ He helped influence his family and friends to do more to help the environment.
lifestyle (n) ** /lafstal/ You can change your lifestyle by walking more and using the car less.
material (n) *** /mtril/ Recycling may be expensive but it's better than using new materials.
melt (v) **
mix (v) ***
packaging (n) *
perhaps (adv) ***
petrol (n) **
population (n) ***
power (n) ***
protect (v) ***
reef (n) *
relatively (adv) ***
restriction (n) *
scientist (n) ***
sea level (n)
shower (n) **
silly (adj) **
slow down (v) ***
space (outer space) (n) ***
suggestion (n) ***
thirsty (adj) *
tonne (n) **
toothbrush (n)
water (v) ***
wild (adj) ***
wild (n)
Gateway to exams, Units 56
attention (n) ***
environmental (adj) ***
exploration (n) **
situation (n) ***
Unit 7
Jobs
builder (n) **
computer programmer (n)
fashion designer (n)
journalist (n) **
mechanic (n) *
police officer (n) *
receptionist (n) *
/melt/ As the temperature in the world rises, more and more ice melts.
/mks/ If you mix blue and yellow you get the colour green.
/pkd/ Manufacturers are trying to use more recycled packaging for their products.
/p(r)hps/ Perhaps you think that global warming isn't true.
/petrl/ Car makers are trying to produce cars that use fuels other than petrol.
/ppjle()n/ The population of China is about 1.3 billion people.
/pa(r)/ We use more power because we have more electronic devices than ever before.
/prtekt/ I recycle my rubbish to help protect the environment.
/rif/ The Great Barrier Reef is a long coral structure in the sea off the coast of Australia.
/reltvli/ Rail travel is relatively better for the environment than car travel.
/rstrk()n/ In hot countries, there are often restrictions on how you can use water.
/santst/ Scientists say that they can show how the global temperature will increase in the future.
/si lev()l/ The sea level may rise due to the melting ice and the heating of the water.
/a(r)/ It's important to save water, for example, by having short showers not baths.
/sli/ Not washing to save water is a silly idea as we need to keep ourselves clean.
/sl dan/ Turning off the light when you leave a room will help to slow down global warming.
/spes/ The first astronauts took photographs of earth from space so we could see how it looked.
/sdest()n/ The suggestion that global warming is just a story makes some people angry.
/(r)sti/ When you get thirsty, you need to drink water.
/tn/ European cars weigh abut 1.1 tonnes on average, which is a lot less than American cars.
/tubr/ A toothbrush is essential to help clean your teeth effectively.
/wt(r)/ It is important to water plants to help them grow during dry weather.
/wald/ Many wild animals are starting to behave differently because their habitats are changing.
/wald/ There are not many places in the wild where humans haven't explored.
/ten()n/ Celebrities like to seek attention and get their photographs in magazines.
/nvarnment()l/ Some famous people like to promote environmental groups and causes.
/eksplre()n/ The exploration of alternative energy sources is an important matter.
/stue()n/ The political situation in some countries causes concern for others.
/bld(r)/ The builder will help construct my new house.
/kmpjut(r) prgrm(r)
/ I studied to be a computer programmer so I know about information technology.
/f()n dzan/ Fashion designers need to create new and interesting clothes designs.
/d(r)nlst/ A journalist writes about events and stories for publishing in a newspaper.
/mknk/ , A mechanic does manual work with machinery, for example repairing cars.
/plis fs(r)/ A police officer must wear a uniform and works to help the public.
/rsep()nst/ Receptionists have to work in an office and deal with people.
shop assistant (n)
Personal qualities
ambitious (adj) **
calm (adj) **
caring (adj)
clever (adj) **
creative (adj) **
fit (adj) ***
hard-working (adj) *
reliable (adj) **
sociable (adj)
well-organised (adj)
Compound adjectives describing people or jobs
badly-paid (adj)
blue/brown/green-eyed (adj)
easy-going (adj)
full-time (adj) **
good-looking (adj) **
part-time (adj) **
right/left-handed (adj)
well-paid (adj)
Other words and phrases
accept (v) ***
application form (n) **
apply (for) (v) ***
architect (n) **
assistant (n) **
au pair (n)
autograph (n & v)
average (n) ***
cheer up (v)
chewing gum (n)
complicated (adj) **
condition (n) ***
cookery (n) *
CV (n) *
delivery boy/girl (n)
depend on (v) ***
design (v) ***
/p sst()nt/ A shop assistant answers customers' questions and helps them buy things in a shop.
/mbs/ Freya is really ambitious and wants to become the company director!
/km/ Fire fighters need to stay calm because they need to think clearly in dangerous situations.
/ker/ If you have a warm and caring personality, you could be a nurse.
/klev(r)/ A teacher has to be clever and able to communicate well.
/krietv/ You have to be very creative to design a game that's original.
/ft/ Police officers are usually fit and strong because sometimes they need to react quickly and use force.
/h(r)d w(r)k/ Hes hard-working and always puts a lot of effort into his work.
/rlab()l/ Philip is very reliable; you can always depend on him and he always arrives on time.
/sb()l/ Susan is very good in a team. Shes very sociable and loves being with other people
/wel (r)gnazd/ Im a very well-organised person. I always plan things very carefully.
/bdli ped/ When you don't get much money in your job you are badly paid.
/blu/bran/grinad/ Mickey is tall and is blond-haired and blue-eyed.
/izig/ An easy-going person doesn't get easily upset about things.
/fltam/ My father has a full-time job and has to work from 9 am to 5 pm every day.
/gdlk/ You have to be good-looking to be a fashion model.
/pttam/ I have a part-time job and work 20 hours a week at a local restaurant.
/rat/left hndd/ A right handed person writes with their right hand.
/wel ped/ When you earn a lot of money in your job you are well-paid.
/ksept/ They offered Sarah a well-paid job so she accepted it.
/plke()n f(r)m/ For most new jobs, you must complete an application form with all your personal information.
/pla f(r)/ () If you see a job you would like to do, you apply by writing a letter or sending an application form.
/(r)ktekt/ You have to study a lot about buildings and construction to be an architect.
/sst()nt/ An assistant is someone who normally helps another person to do their job well.
/ pe(r)/ Many students work abroad as au pairs to assist other families with their childcare.
/tgrf/ If you were famous, you would be expected to sign autographs for fans.
/v()rd/ One report says that teenagers work an average of 16 hours a week.
/ti(r) p/ When I'm sad, my father cheers me up by telling me funny jokes.
/tu gm/ Some people spit chewing gum onto the floor where it can be difficult to clean up.
/kmplketd/ Mathematicians can find the answer to very complicated problems.
/knd()n/ He is very happy with the pay and conditions of his new job.
/kk()ri/ I would like to study cookery as I am interested in good food.
/si vi/ / They asked for details of my education and experience so I sent my CV.
/dlv()ri b, g(r)l/ () When I was 13, I worked as a newspaper delivery boy each morning.
/dpend n/ He is very honest and reliable so you can always depend on him.
/dzan/ One day, I want to design a new and amazing computer game.
dress up (v) *** /dres p/ , Tonight she's dressing up in her best clothes to go to the new restaurant.
dynamic (adj) ** /danmk/ , Our internet company is new and the employees are young and dynamic.
effort (n) *** /ef(r)t/ He's hard-working and always puts a lot of effort into his work.
enclose (v) * /nklz/ With this letter, I enclose a CV with information about myself.
essential (adj) *** /sen()l/ , As a doctor, It is essential for Karen to be calm in her job.
exactly (adv) *** /gzk(t)li/ I always plan very carefully and I know exactly what I'm doing.
except (conj) *** /ksept/ When you are 16 you can work in any job, except driving, as you must be 17.
exotic (adj) * /gztk/ I'm going on holiday to an exotic country, very different and far away from here.

factory worker (n) /fktr w(r)k(r)/ Products like mobile phones are assembled by skilled factory workers.
firefighter (n) /fa(r)fat(r)/ Many people owe their lives to the firefighters who rescue them from burning buildings.
force (n) *** /f(r)s/ Sometimes police officers need to use force to control people who are being violent.
gardener (n) ** /g(r)d()n(r)/ I'd like to be a gardener so I can work outdoors and look after trees and plants.
giant (adj) ** /dant/ I was scared when I found a giant spider in the bath.
hang out (v) /h at/ Harry likes to hang out with his friends and play basketball.
hard hat (n) /h(r)d ht/ Builders must wear hard hats to protect their heads on a construction site.
hit (v) *** /ht/ You mustn't hit your brother as you will hurt him.
home-time (n) /hm tam/ School has been boring today so I'm looking forward to home-time.
in response to /n rspns t/ I am writing in response to your advertisement in the newspaper.
inquiries (n) *** /nkwariz/ Please call if you have any inquiries about the job.
interpreter (n) * /nt(r)prt(r)/ I work as an interpreter because I speak four languages.
issue (=question) (n) *** /u/ Global warming is a big issue for most people nowadays.
knowledge (n) *** /nld/ She has a lot of experience and a good knowledge of computers.
look forward to *** /lk f(r)w(r)d t/ I'm very tired, so I'm looking forward to my next holiday.
lottery (n) * /ltri/ If my parents won the lottery, they would give me a present.
lucky (adj) *** /lki/ Michael's lucky to have a job that pays so much.
manual (n/adj) ** /mnjl/ A builder has to be strong as he needs to do a lot of manual work.
mate (=friend) (n) ** /met/ I'm eating with my family, then I'm going out with my mates tonight.
miner (n) * /man(r)/ You can't be a miner if you are afraid of working underground.
offer (v) *** /f(r)/ Sarah doesn't know what to do because nobody has offered her a job for the summer.
outdoors (adv & n) /atd(r)z/ I'd prefer to work outdoors, rather than in an office.
paperwork (n) * /pep(r)w(r)k/ People who work in banks have to do a lot of paperwork.
parrot (n) * /prt/ My brother works in a safari park looking after parrots and other exotic birds.
peace (n) *** /pis/ I wish they would turn their music off and leave me in peace.
rely on (v) *** /rla n/ You can always rely on Julie to be there on time.
report (n) *** /rp(r)t/ The information in the report shows that crime is increasing.
ride operator (n) /rad pret(r)/ You should get a summer job as a ride operator in a theme park.
screen (n) *** /skrin/ I think I need a bigger computer screen because my eyes are hurting.
sign (v) *** /san/ Stars often stop to sign autographs for their fans.
smoke (v) ** /smk/ It is a rule that you mustn't smoke at school.
stuck (adj) /stk/ It's a lovely day so you shouldn't be stuck inside playing computer games.
suit (n) *** /sut/ Most men would choose to wear a suit and tie for job interviews.
suppose (v) *** /spz/ I suppose I should buy a new suit for my job interview.
take a long time /tek l tam/ It takes a long time to drive from Edinburgh to London.
toothpaste (n) /tupest/ Have you got any toothpaste, as I need to clean my teeth?
turn round (v) ** /tn rand/ Turn round and show me the back of your dress.
variety (n) *** /vrati/ There is a variety of different classes available this term.
vegetarian (n) /vedterin/ He's a vegetarian so he doesn't eat meat.
wages (n) *** /wedz/ What are the wages for your summer job?
wing (n) *** /w/ Birds can fly because they have wings.

Unit 8
Relationships
(to) ask (somebody) out (v) /sk at/ At the end of the party Dylan asked Sophie out.
(to) chat (to somebody) (v) ** /tt tu/ I was chatting to my mum on the bus into town.
(to) fall in love (with somebody)/fl
(v) n lv/ Ryan fell in love with Ellie, one of the girls in his class.
/get bk
(to) get back together (with somebody) (v)tge(r)/ I hope I can get back together with my ex-boyfriend again soon.
/get mrid/
(to) get married (to somebody) (v) They're going to get married next July.
(to) get on well (with somebody)/get
(v) n wel/ Luke gets on well with Ethan and they are good friends.
(to) go out (with somebody) (v) /g at/ Dylan started going out with Sophie at the party.
/hv n(v)
(to) have an argument (with somebody) (r)gjmnt/ He had an argument with his parents this morning.
(to) meet (somebody) (v) *** /mit/ Did you meet anybody at the party?
(to) split up (with somebody) (v)/splt p/ They had a big argument and split up.
Feelings
anger (n) ** /g(r)/ Anger can make people do bad things.
boredom (n) * /b(r)dm/ If you want to end your boredom, pick up a good book.
excitement (n) ** /ksatmnt/ My idea of excitement is doing sudokus and crosswords.
happiness (n) ** /hpins/ A lot of people are looking for happiness in their lives.
loneliness (n) /lnlins/ Ed's loneliness ended when he went to a new school.
sadness (n) * /sdns/ I felt great sadness when my cat died.
Adjectives
afraid (adj) *** /fred/ I'm not afraid of telling people what I think.
angry (adj) *** /gri/ If I don't do my best, I get angry with myself.
excited (adj) ** /ksatd/ Yesterday I was excited because I found some money in the street.
happy (adj) *** /hpi/ They got married and were very happy together.
lonely (adj) ** /lnli/ I was lonely because everybody had left.
sad (adj) *** /sd/ She's sad because her best friend is moving away.
Noun suffixes
freedom (n) *** /fridm/ I hate rules because my freedom is the most important thing.
friendship (n) **
illness (n) ***
madness (n) *
relationship (n) ***
weakness (n) **
Other words and phrases
ancient (adj) ***
apologise (v)
argument (n) ***
be like somebody
bowling (n) *
broken-hearted (adj)
camp (n) ***
criticise (v)
dry oneself (v)
flower (n) ***
grave (n) ***
ideal (adj) ***
journey (n) ***
knife (n) ***
mainly (adv) ***
matter (v) ***
moral (adj) ***
pacifist (n)
play (n & v) ***
potion (n)
press (=newspapers) (n) ***
priest (n) **
Prime Minister (n) ***
promise (n & v) ***
questionnaire (n) **
respect (n) ***
scandal (n) **
ski (v) *
something else (pron & adv)
soon (adv) ***
stay in (v) ***
still (=time) (adv) ***
/fren(d)p/ A friendship is a relationship between two people who are friends.
/lns/ Jo wasn't at work today because of illness.
/mdns/ It's madness to sunbathe in the middle of a hot summer's day.
/rle()np/ He has a good relationship with his parents.
/wikns/ I have a weakness for chocolate ice cream.
/en()nt Zhu Ying Tai lived over 1600 years ago in ancient China.
/pldaz/ Jessica never apologises when she has done something wrong.
/(r)gjmnt/ Dylan and Sophie had a big argument and split up.
/bi lak smbdi/ He's like me because he loves playing basketball but he hates football!
/bl/ We could go bowling or do something else if you like.
/brkn h(r)td/ Jo was broken-hearted when she split up with her boyfriend.
/kmp/ I went to basketball camp last summer.
/krtsaz/ I often criticise other people but I hate people criticising me.
/dra wnself/ He dried himself as soon as he came out of the pool.
/fla(r)/ He took her flowers because she was in hospital.
/grev/ Each year I visit my grandfather's grave and take some flowers.
/adl/ Being a footballer would be my ideal job.
/dni/ To get to work I have a long car journey.
/naf/ Could you pass me a knife to cut this apple?
/menli/ I have a house in the countryside but I live mainly in the city.
/mt(r)/ Romeo knows which family Juliet's from, but it doesn't matter to him.
/mrl/ He did not leave his wife and family as he felt it would not be moral to do so.
/psfst/ Pacifists don't agree with violence.
/ple/ Ethan and I played together in the same team.
/p()n/ The chemist made a special potion which he said could make you feel stronger.
/pres/ , The press will often print stories about famous people.
/prist/ Priests are religious leaders.
/pram mnst(r)/ The Prime Minister of Britain is the leader of the government.
/prms/ I went back home because I had promised not to stay out late.
/kwestne(r)/ You can complete a personality questionnaire to find out about yourself.
/rspekt/ If you are polite, you will get the respect of other people.
/sknd()l/ The collapse of the famous bank caused a national scandal.
/ski/ My cousin learnt to ski when he was seven.
/sm els/ We could go bowling or do something else if you like.
/sun/ She soon realised that she was going to be late for school.
/ste n/ Jake stayed in last night because he was watching TV.
/stl/ John was still sleeping when the phone rang.
storm (n) /stm/ I don't like storms because I am afraid of thunder.
studies (n) /stdiz/ When I have finished my university studies I will find a good job.
tradition (n) *** /trd()n/ In ancient China, tradition said that only boys could go to school.
wealthy (adj) ** /weli/ Rosie would like to marry a wealthy businessman.

Gateway to exams, Units 78

au pair (n) / pe(r)/ Last summer I worked as an au pair looking after my neighbour's children.
alternative (adj & n) *** /lt(r)ntv/ Apart from paracetamol, there are many alternative methods for treating a headache.
dimension (n) ** /damen()n/ Having children has given my life a new dimension.
grape (n) * /grep/ Grapes are a delicious fruit which grows on vines.
ingredient (n) ** /ngridint/ What ingredients do you need to make chocolate cake?
jam (n) * /dm/ I love eating jam on my toast for breakfast.
jar (n) * /d(r)/ The factory produces thousands of jars of jam each week.
kiwi (n) /kiwi/ Kiwis are perfect in a fruit salad.
lime (n) * /lam/ A slice of lime is refreshing in a cold drink.
mixture (n) *** /mkst(r)/ My favourite drink is a mixture of different fruit juices.
obviously (adv) *** /bvisli/ She's so pale, she's obviously not well.
positive (adj) *** /pztv/ Happiness is a positive emotion.
product (n) /prdkt/ Supermarkets sell thousands of different products.
recipe (n) ** /respi/ Make sure you follow the recipe when you are cooking.
sell (v) *** /sel/ My shop sells a variety of products from different countries.
traditional (adj) *** /trd()nl/ Traditional jam is quite unhealthy because it contains a lot of sugar.

Unit 9
Fiction
comic (n) /kmk/ When I was younger, I preferred reading comics to books.
crime novel (n) /kram nv()l/ James Patterson writes great crime novels.
fairy tale (n) /feri tel/ I always tell my children a fairy tale before bedtime.
fantasy (n) ** /fntsi/ The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien is a fantasy novel.
graphic novel (n) /grfk nv()l/ Graphic novels are similar to comics as they mainly use pictures.
historical fiction (n) /hstrk()l fk()n/ Historical fiction normally tells a story based in a real place, with some real events.
horror (n) ** /hr(r)/ Bram Stoker's Dracula is a famous horror story.
play (n) *** /ple/ Romeo and Juliet is a play by William Shakespeare.
romance (n) * /rmns/ A romance novel normally tells a story of love between two main characters.
science fiction (n) * /sans fk()n/ Science fiction novels give a vision of life in the future.
thriller (n) * /rl(r)/ Anthony Horowitz has written many thrillers, especially adventure stories for teenagers.
Non-fiction
atlas (n) /tls/ Show me where Japan is in your atlas.
autobiography (n) /tbagrfi/ As your life is so exciting, you should write an autobiography.
biography (n) *
cookbook (n)
dictionary (n) **
encyclopedia (n) *
guidebook (n) **
magazine (n) ***
manual (n) **
newspaper (n) ***
textbook (n)
Phrasal verbs connected with reading and writing
cross out (v) **
fill in (v) ***
flick through (v) *
look up (v) **
read on (v) ***
read out (v) ***
turn over (v) ***
Other words and phrases
adaptation (n) *
almost (adv) ***
assassination (n) *
author (n) ***
best-selling (adj)
blood (n) ***
carefully (adv)
certainly (adv) ***
climb (n & v) ***
combine (v) ***
cover (=for a book) (n) ***
cowboy (n)
credit card (n) **
customer (n) ***
dragon (n)
elf (n)
end up (v) ***
floor (=storey) (n) ***
following (adj) ***
have an impact (v)
how long
/bagrfi/ My dad would like to write a biography of a famous person.
/kkbk/ Helen likes looking through cookbooks for new recipes.
/dkn()ri/ If you don't know that word, look it up in your dictionary.
/nsaklpidi/ Encyclopedias are very useful for finding out about different subjects.
/gadbk/ You'll need a guidebook for your holiday to Venice.
/mgzin/ I prefer reading magazines to books as I like to browse the different sections.
/mnjl/ I've just bought a new phone so I'll need to read the manual to find out how it works.
/njuzpep(r)/ My dad reads the newspaper every day to find out what's going on in the world.
/teks(t)bk/ Gateway is a textbook for students learning English.
/krs at/ If you make a mistake, you can cross out the error and rewrite it correctly.
/fl n/ You have to fill in the answers on your sheet.
/flk ru/ I flicked through the magazine looking at the pictures.
/lk p/ Because the text was difficult, I had to look up lots of words.
/rid n/ I love this book and I want to read on tonight until I get to the end of it.
/rid at/ I want to hear your answers so please read them out to me in a loud voice.
/t(r)n v(r)/ When you finish that page, turn over and read the next one.
/dpte()n/ Do you prefer the book or the film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings ?
/lmst/ In the USA, James Patterson's books are almost as popular as Harry Potter .
/ssne()n/ Do your parents remember the assassination of John Lennon?
/(r)/ My favourite author is J. K. Rowling, who wrote the Harry Potter books.
/bestsell/ / Anthony Horowitz is a best-selling author of books for teenagers.
/bld/ Your step-brother is not related to you by blood.
/ke(r)f()li/ Read the exam questions very carefully to avoid making mistakes.
/s(r)t()nli/ I will certainly be there to watch your play and I'm looking forward to it.
/klam/ One day I would like to climb Mount Everest.
/kmban/ This book combines the best elements of historical fiction with the most exciting features of a thriller.
/kv(r)/ When I am choosing a new book, I always read the cover to get an idea of the story.
/kab/ Cowboys look after cattle in the USA and usually ride horses.
/kredt k(r)d/ Instead of using cash, can I pay by credit card?
/kstm(r)/ That supermarket is very large and there's always a lot of customers.
/drgn/ In both Europe and Asia there are legends about mythical creatures called dragons.
/elf/ Many old European stories have small, mythical creatures called elves.
/end p/ If we go down this road, we'll end up in the wrong place.
/fl(r)/ Charlie's flat is on the third floor.
/fl/ I couldn't visit him that day so I went the following day.
/hv n mpkt/ The president's death had a big impact on the people.
/ha l/ Excuse me, do you know how long the bus will be?
how often /ha f()n/ How often do you go to the cinema?

inspiration (n) ** /nspre()n/ Some authors use real incidents from their own lives for inspiration for their stories.
intrigue (n) /ntrig/ If there is intrigue in a novel, you want to know more information.
jump in/into (v) /dmp n/ You can't jump into a thriller right at the end as you need to know the story.
keep up (v) *** /kip p/ I can't keep up with what's going on in that soap opera.
/(r)d(r)/
order (=ask for something in a shop/restaurant) (v) *** The bookshop didn't have the book I wanted, but they ordered it for me.
passion (n) ** /p()n/ Tennis is my sister's passion, and she practises every day.
predator (n) ** /predt(r)/ Snakes are predators that eat creatures such as fish and birds.
previous (adj) *** /privis/ I remember seeing her the previous day.
publication (n) *** /pblke()n/ What types of book or publication do you enjoy reading?
related (adj) ** /rletd/ Your cousin is related to you by blood.
ring (=wedding ring) (n) *** /r/ We saw lots of lovely rings and necklaces in the jewellery shop.
risk (v) *** /rsk/ You shouldn't risk your health by smoking.
scuba-diving (n) /skub dav/ My brother loves scuba-diving because he's interested in fish.
section (n) *** /sek()n/ , Leo only reads the sports section of the newspaper.
shock (n) *** /k/ I got a shock when I heard the news of her accident.
spend (=money) (v) *** /spend/ I spent too much money in the bookshop as there were too many interesting books!
sufficient (adj) *** /sf()nt/ He didn't have sufficient money to catch the bus home from school.
survive (v) *** /s(r)vav/ If you don't give your plant water, it won't survive.
though (adv & conj) *** // , It was a good book, though I didn't like the ending.
together (adv) *** /tge(r)/ Maria and James are going to the cinema together tonight.

unnecessary (adj) ** /nness()ri/ Your suitcase is too full as you have a lot of unnecessary items.
witch (n) * /wt/ A fairy tale is often about a prince, a princess or a evil witch.
wolf (n) * /wlf/ Because of hunting, there are no wolves living in Britain any more.

Unit 10
Computers and computing

keyboard (n) * /kib(r)d/ You use the keyboard to write with a computer.
mouse (n) ** /mas/ , . You use the mouse to do things on a computer screen.
mouse pad (n) /mas pd/ The mouse pad is where your computer's mouse sits and moves around smoothly.
printer (n) ** /prnt(r)/ You use a printer to make hard copies of documents you have created on a computer.
speaker (n) *** /spik(r)/ You use your computer's speakers to listen to music or other sounds.
USB port (n) /ju es bi p(r)t/ Your computer's USB port is where you plug in things like your printer and keyboard.
webcam (n) /webkm/ You use a webcam to record images that you can see and send on the Internet.
The Internet
blog (n & v) /blg/ A blog is a type of diary on a website that is updated regularly.
chat online (v) /tt nlan/ Louise often chats to her friends online in the evenings.
download (v) /danld/ In Japan, its common to download and read books on your mobile phone.

surf the Net (v) /s(r)f net/ I often go online and surf the Net when I want to find things out.
website (n) ** /websat/ Wikipedia is a very popular and informative website.
Collocations with email

check email (v) /tek imel/ When I go online, I check my email to see if any new messages have arrived.
delete an email (v) /dlit n imel/ When you dont want to keep a message, you delete the email.
email account (n) /imel kant/ An email account gives you the details you need to be able to send and receive email.
email address (n) /imel dres/ I have told all of my friends my email address so they can write to me.
forward an email (v) /f(r)w(r)d n imel / If I receive a message that I want to send to other people, I forward the email.
reply to an email (v) /rpla t n imel / When somebody sends you an email you should reply to it quite quickly.
send an email (v) /send n imel/ I mostly send emails to my best friends.
Other words and phrases
academic (adj) *** /kdemk/ , Oxford University in Britain has a good academic reputation.
accidentally (adv) * /ksdent()li/ Can you send me your new email address as I accidentally deleted it?
analyse (v) ** /nlaz/ Analyse the exam questions very carefully before you start writing.
assess (v) ** /ses/ Homework is a way for teachers to assess how well students are doing in class.
assessment (n) /sesmnt/ Tests are a kind of assessment to show how well you understand a subject.

block (v) ** /blk/ If your mobile phone is stolen, you can ask the mobile phone company to block the number.
butchers (n) * /bt(r)z/ A butcher's shop sells meat.
button (n) ** /bt()n/ If you press that button on the keyboard, the computer will turn off.

designer clothes (n) /dzan(r) klz/ Designer clothes are more fashionable and expensive than normal clothes.
dishonest (adj) * /dsnst/ It is dishonest to copy someone's work and pretend it is your own.
document (n) *** /dkjmnt/ You mustn't lose your passport as it is an important document.
eclipse (n & v) /klps/ Yesterday the eclipse of the sun was seen by many people around the world.
enormous (adj) *** /n(r)ms/ Internet cheating is now an enormous problem for schools and universities.
entertainment (n) ** /ent(r)tenmnt/ Watching television is a popular form of entertainment.
export (n) *** /eksp(r)t/ An export is a product that is sold to another country.
export (v) ** /ksp(r)t/ , Olive oil is exported from Italy to other countries around the world.
frustrating (adj) * /frstret/ Because I'm small, it's very frustrating when I can't reach things.

import (n) ** /mp(r)t/ An import is a product that is bought from another country.
import (v) ** /mp(r)t/ Every year Britain imports a lot of products from Germany.

invest (v) *** /nvest/ , In Silicon Valley lots of money is invested in computer and Internet projects.
military (adj) ** /mlt()ri/ , My granddad collects military objects as they remind him of the army.
mosque (n) * /msk/ Please remove your shoes when you enter the mosque.
objective (n) *** /bdektv/ The objective of this lesson is to practise the new vocabulary in the text.
owner (n) *** /n(r)/ The owner of the restaurant likes to meet the guests each evening.
particle (n) ** /p(r)tk()l/ A particle is a very small piece of something.
password (n) * /psw(r)d/ You have to type in a secret password to access your email account.
per (prep) *** /p(r)/ - The bus journey costs 1 per person.
physics (n) /fzks/ Physics is a subject which teaches you about things like energy.
practical (adj) *** /prktk()l/ , Art is a practical subject where you use your hands to make things.
product (n) *** /prdkt/ China exports a lot of electrical products to other countries.
punish (v) ** /pn/ Students will be punished if they break the school rules.
record (n) *** /rek(r)d/ My mum and dad bought records rather than CDs when they were young.
record (v) *** /rk(r)d/ Webcams record images that you can see and send on the Internet.
refine (v) /rfan/ Silicon used for computer chips is refined so it is 100% pure.
reputation (n) *** /repjte()n/ Silicon Valley in California has a great reputation for new ideas and technology.
research (n) *** /ris(r)t/ Physics is a subject in which you do a lot of research to understand why things happen.
resident (n) *** /rezd()nt/ I have been a resident of Oxford for thirty-two years.
sand (n) *** /snd/ Let's go to the beach as the children love playing in the sand.
valley (n) *** /vli/ The road from the mountains runs down into the valley below.
various (adj) *** /veris/ There are various ways that I can get to work if my car isn't working.

Gateway to exams, Units 910

interaction (n) ** /ntrk()n/ I enjoy interaction with my classmates at school.
member (n) *** /memb(r)/ Many of my friends are members of the online community Facebook.
print (v) *** /prnt/ Can I borrow your printer as I need to print my homework?
publisher (n) ** /pbl(r)/ Macmillan Education is a publisher of English language textbooks.
spectacular (adj) ** /spektkjl(r)/ The total eclipse of the sun last week was a spectacular event.
/t(r)n
turn into (v) *** (=turn a book into nt/
a film) Some famous crime novels have been turned into popular TV series.