Pervious / No fines Concrete.

Abstract:
The concrete which have low or no sand content is known as pervious concrete. It is named as
pervious because of its high void content (10%-35%). It has low strength when compared with ordinary
concrete and high void content. Pervious concrete is traditionally used in parking areas, areas with light
traffic, pedestrian walkways and greenhouses and contributes to sustainable construction.
Pervious concrete is a relatively new concept for rural road pavement, with increase into the
problems in rural areas related to the low ground water level, agricultural problem. Pervious concrete has
introduced in rural road as a road pavement material. Pervious concrete as a paving material has seen
renewed interest due to its ability to allow water to flow through itself to recharge groundwater level and
minimize storm water runoff. India is a subtropical country, which receives good amount of rain each year.
Due to sudden and massive urbanization, the availability and supply of water for domestic purpose has
introduced new challenges in urban water supply. As the scope of urban cities will increase, pervious
concrete can provide a solution to this rapid growth of cities. Also, considering the environmental effects of
Portland cement, it is essential in the concrete industry to minimize the use of cement in the production of
both structural and non-structural concrete.
The objective of this project work is to investigate mechanical and hydraulic properties of
pervious concrete using various parameters. The parameters varied are air voids which are intentionally
inducted by reducing the quantity of concrete for 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% with same cement and water
content. Also, the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the cement replaced pervious concrete are to be
studied. Cement shall be replaced partially with fly ash, silica fume and combination of both by 10%. The
effect of these parameters on mechanical properties such as density, compressive strength, split tensile
strength and on hydraulic properties such as porosity and permeability of all mixes are to be tested and the
relationship between deferent properties are to be ascertained.
The parameters that govern the design of pervious concrete are to be determined by conducting the
literature study of past researches. With the gathered knowledge about the parameters that influence the
behaviour of pervious concrete such as porosity, size of aggregate, gradation of aggregate, grade of cement
are adopted and mix design to be developed using these parametric values of available materials (cement &
coarse aggregate). Based on trial mixes and commonly used mix proportion over the collected literature mix
design to be done and conventional specimens are to be casted for mix proportions of 1:4.
Aggregate gradings used in pervious concrete are typically either single-sized coarse aggregate or
grading between 20 and 10 mm. A wide aggregate grading is to be avoided as that will reduce the void
content of the pervious concrete. Therefore, based on literature study, the size of aggregate to be adopted in
this study is 12.5mm (12.5mm passing & retained on 10 mm IS sieve) and OPC 53 grade cement is to be
used. Since the workability of concrete mix is less conplast SP430 super plasticizers may be used to obtain
workability. Water cement ratio is assumed to be 0.35 based on literature survey.
 Action Plan to proceed:
OBJECTIVES
Specimens are to be casted and the tests such as compressive strength, split tensile test, weight
density, and permeability are to be conducted to find out its characteristic parametric values.
To find out the mix designation which gives maximum compressive strength and having
maximum permeability rate.
The cement is to be replaced with fly ash & silica fume and combination of both by 10% of
weight for the ordinary controlled pervious concrete.
To compare the test results of ordinary pervious concrete Vs the mix replaced with fly ash and
silica fume.
Thus to determine the optimum percentage of replacement of cement with cementitious
materials and its beneficiary results.
Specimens are to be casted with air voids by reducing the quantity of concrete for 15%, 20%, 25%
and 30% with same cement and water content to investigate mechanical and hydraulic properties.

Total No of specimen to be casted = 72 Nos

I. Ordinary Controlled pervious concrete Mix,

1. Cubes for Compressive strength test (150x150x150mm) = 3 Nos

2. Cylinder for Permeability test (150mm dia & 150mm ht) = 3 Nos

3. Cylinder for Split tensile test (150mm dia & 300mm ht) = 3 Nos

II. Pervious concrete (Replacement of cement with 10% fly ash)

1. Cubes for Compressive strength test (150x150x150mm) = 3 Nos

2. Cylinder for Permeability test (150mm dia & 150mm ht) = 3 Nos
3. Cylinder for Split tensile test (150mm dia & 300mm ht) = 3 Nos

III. Pervious concrete (Replacement of cement with 10% of silica fume)

a) Cubes for Compressive strength test (150x150x150mm) = 3 Nos
b) Cylinder for Permeability test (150mm dia & 150mm ht) = 3 Nos
c) Cylinder for Split tensile test (150mm dia & 300mm ht) = 3 Nos

IV. Pervious concrete (Replacement of cement with combination of both)

d) Cubes for Compressive strength test (150x150x150mm) = 3 Nos
e) Cylinder for Permeability test (150mm dia & 150mm ht) = 3 Nos
f) Cylinder for Split tensile test (150mm dia & 300mm ht) = 3 Nos

V. Pervious concrete with 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% air voids.
a) Cubes for Compressive strength test (150x150x150mm) = 3+3+3+3+3 = 12 Nos
b) Cylinder for Permeability test (150mm dia & 150mm ht) = 3+3+3+3+3 = 12 Nos
c) Cylinder for Split tensile test (150mm dia & 300mm ht) = 3+3+3+3+3 = 12 Nos
 MIX DESIGN (SAMPLE CALCULATIONS)
For CONCRETE CUBES

MIX RATIO 1:4 & POROSITY 10% (PC-M1)

For 1m3 of concrete,

Quantity of cement = 380 kg
Water cement ratio = 0.35
Therefore,
Water content = 380 x 0.35
= 133 kg/m3
Quantity of Aggregate = 380 x 4
= 1520 kg/m3
Consider 15% of porosity in total volume of concrete
Therefore,
Percentage of aggregate = 100 15
= 85%

For IS Standard concrete cube,

Volume = 150 x 150 x150

= 3.375 x 10-3 m3
Cement content
= 380 x 3.375 x 10-3
= 1.28 kg

Net cement content = 1.28 x 0.85

= 1.09 kg

Water content = 133 x 3.375 x 10-3

= 449 ml

Net water content = 449 x 0.85

= 382 ml

Aggregate content = 1520 x 3.375 x 10-3

= 5.13 kg

Net aggregate content = 5.4 x 0.85

= 4.36 kg
Therefore materials required for 1 cube are,

Cement content = 1.09 kg

Water content = 382 ml

Aggregate content = 4.36 kg

Therefore materials required for 3 cubes of 1:4 mix and 10% porosity are,

Cement content = 3.27 kg

Water content = 1146 ml

Aggregate content = 13.08 kg