veronica/march/wk 4 10/25/2016

1
UD302/UD202
KD LEVEL 3 & KD
LEVEL 2
VERONICA P. ATIN

VOICE & FOCUS REVISION

 veronica/march/wk 4 10/25/2016

2 STATE THE CORRESPONDING

AFFIX FOR EACH VOICE BELOW:

AFFIX VOICE
1. 1. AV- intransitive
2. 2. AV- process verb
3. 3. AV- transitive
4. 4. UV
5. 5. GV
 veronica/march/wk 4 10/25/2016

3 ANSWER:

AFFIX VOICE
1. M- 1. AV- intransitive
2. -um-/m- 2. AV- process verb
3. moN-/maN- 3. AV- transitive
4. -on 4. UV
5. -an 5. GV
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4 GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A VERB

INDICATED BY EACH AFFIX
DESCRIPTION.

AFFIX
1. AV- intransitive verb 1.
(does not require an
2.
object)
2. AV- transitive verb 3.

3. AV- process verb 4.

4. UV 5.
5. GV 6.
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5 ANSWER

AFFIX
1. AV- intransitive verb 1. Makan
(does not require an
object)
2. AV- transitive verb 2. Mangakan

3. AV- process verb 3. Rumasam

4. UV 4. Akanon
5. GV 5. Akanan
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6 WHATS THE INTENDED FOCUS OF EACH

SENTENCE? (LOOK AT THE TRANSLATION)

TRANSLATION (FOCUS
KD SENTENCE IS IN BOLD)
1. Alex cooks some/a fish.
1. Magansak i Alex do sada.
2. Alex cooks some/a fish or \some
2. Ansakon di Alex o sada.
fish is being cooked by Alex.
3. Ansakan di Alex i Chen do sada.
3. Alex cooks Chen some fish/Alex
4. Minomoli i Dina do buuk. cooks some fish for Chen.
5. Binoli di Dina o buuk. 4. Dina bought a book.
5. Dina bought a book or A book is
bought by Dina.
6. Binolian di Dina i Nora do buuk.
6. Dina bought Nora a book/Dina
bought a book for Nora
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7 IMPORTANT POINTS TO
REMEMBER:
1) An AV sentence has 2 participants (nouns), Actor and
Undergoer. The main focus marker always goes to the
Actor.
a) Momoli i Ali do korita. (Ali bought a car)
b) Mamanau ilo tulun. (That person walks)
c) Mihad o tanak. (A child cries)
d) Sumunsui isio do jambatan. (He walks along a bridge)
[pronoun: focused= isio, non-focused = disio]
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8 CONTD.

2) A UV sentence also has two participants, Actor and

Undergoer (object). As opposed to AV, the focus goes to
the Undergoer.

a) Bolion di Ali o korita. (Ali bought a car)

b) Panahon di tulun i ralan (The person walks the road =
meaning the person walks on the road till he reaches
his destination)
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9 CONTD.

3) A GV has 3 participants; Actor, Undergoer and Goal. The

goal gets the focus.
a) Bolian di Alex i Chen do rasuk (Alex buys a blouse for
Chen)
b) Akanan disio i punti. (He eats at the banana)
In b) it looks like there are only 2 participants; Actor (disio)
and Undergoer (Punti). But punti has 2 roles; both as
Undergoer and Goal. So it is still 3 participants.
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10 HOW DO YOU KNOW IF A SENTENCE IS NOT

USING THE CORRECT VOICE FORM?

Look at the focus marker. For example:

1) Momoli di Chen i Punti. (Chen buys a banana)

The focus is i punti, the Undergoer. Therefore, the

voice form that should be used is UV:

Bolion di Chen i Punti.

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11 NOW CORRECT THESE

SENTENCES:
1. Tombiran i Jen di rasuk. 1
2. Suminding di Jimmy i 2
sinding Tanak
Kampung.
3.
3. Bobogon i tanak di tasu.
4.
4. Momonsoi di tulun i
walai. 5
5. Mananom di Gabriel i
Winnie do bunga.
 veronica/march/wk 4 10/25/2016

12 ANSWER:

1. Tombiran i Jen di rasuk. Monombir i Jen di rasuk.

2. Suminding di Jimmy i Sindingon di Jimmy i
sinding Tanak sinding Tanak
Kampung. Kampung.
3. Bobogon i tanak di tasu. Momobog i tanak di tasu.
4. Momonsoi di tulun i Wonsoion di tulun i walai.
walai.
Tanaman di Gabriel i
5. Mananom di Gabriel i Winnie do bunga.
Winnie do bunga.