RC

An Investigation on the Seismic Assessment of Buildings with RC Wall

RC

RCRC
RCRC
RC
RC
ATC-40RC

RC

RC ATC-40

I
 ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

RC Wall is a kind of a seismic component with economy and

effective. It can resist the seismic force and reduce the displacement of
structure effectively. Therefore, it often used in Newly-built high-story
building or the strengthening for old buildings. RC wall usually has a great
influence on the structural behavior which building with RC wall. If we can
inflict analysis on the non-linear behavior of RC wall, it will enable more
perfection in an investigation on the seismic assessment of buildings with
RC Wall. So this text will probe into the member behavior simulation of
RC wall deeply. Ductility capacity has been effect on the aspect of RC wall
from consulting foreign list of references. This text use of the essence of
ATC-40 performance based earthquake assessment to evaluate the seismic
capacity of building with RC wall the member plastic hinge property and
the process of nonlinear static analysis. The evaluating seismic capacity has
been depend on the member behavior in each level of preference objective.
The results will be compared with that of the current seismic evaluation
method to evaluate the effects of seismic assessment for buildings wit RC
wall exactly.

Keyword RC wall, nonlinear static analysis, ATC-40, plastic hinge

property, seismic assessment

II


III


................................................................................................... I

..................................................................................................II

................................................................................................ III

................................................................................................ IV

...............................................................................................VII

..................................................................................................X

.......................................................................................... 1

1.1 ........................................................................................... 1

1.2 ................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 .......................................................... 2

1.2.2 ATC-40 ........................................... 3

1.2.3 RC ........................................................... 4

1.3 ................................................................................... 4

ATC-40 ................................................................ 6

2.1 ....................................................................................... 6

2.2 (Performance Objects) .............................................. 6

2.3 (Capacity Curve) ....................................................... 7

2.4 (Demand Response Spectrum) .............................. 8

2.4.1 ATC-40 ........................................... 8

2.4.2 .............................. 9

IV


2.5 ADRS ..................................................................... 12

2.6 (Reduced Response Spectrum) ....................... 14

2.7 ......................................................................... 16

2.8 ......................................................................................... 17

2.9 ......................................................... 18

SAP 2000 ....................................................... 19

3.1 ..................................................................................... 19

3.2 ......................................................................... 20

3.2.1 ........................................................ 20

3.2.2 Rigid End offset ....................................... 21

3.2.3 P ................................................................... 22

3.3 Pushover analysis.............................................. 22

3.3.1 ........................................................................ 22

3.3.2 ................................................................ 23

RC .............................................................. 25

4.1 ..................................................................................... 25

4.2 RC ...................................................... 25

4.2.1 Priestley Kowalsky RC ... 25

4.2.2 NZS3101 RC

...................................................................................... 28

4.3 ATC-40 RC ........................................................ 29

4.4 SAP2000 V7.42 RC ............................................ 30

...................................................................... 32

5.1 ..................................................................................... 32

5.2 ................................. 32

5.2.1 ............................................ 33

5.2.2 ................................................ 34

5.2.2.1 RC

.......................................................................... 34

5.2.2.2 SAP2000 RC ..................... 35

5.2.2.3 EI ........................... 36

5.2.2.4 RC .......................................... 36

5.3 ................................................................. 36

5.3.1 EI ...................................... 37

5.3.2 RC ......................... 37

5.3.3 RC ............................................. 38

5.3.4 RC .................................... 38

5.3.5 ................ 39

5.3.6 RC ............................................. 39

5.4 ..................................................... 40

............................................................................ 42

6.1 ..................................................................................... 42

6.2 ..................................................................................... 43

................................................................................................ 45

................................................................................................ 47

................................................................................................ 75

VI


2.1 ATC-40 ............................................47

2.2 ATC-40 4..............................................48

2.3 25 ........................................48

2.4 ADRS ...............................................49

2.5 ADRS ...................................................49

2.6 ADRS ............................................................................49

2.7 ........................................................50

2.8 ED 4...............................................................50

2.9 4............................51

2.10 4............................51

2.11 5 ..................................52

2.12 ADRS ........................................................52

2.13 ................................................53

2.14 ADRS ........................................................53

2.15 ................................................................54

2.16 ............................................................................54

3.1 ....................................................................................55

3.2 End Offset .................................................................55

3.3 P ..................................................................56

3.4 ........................................................................56

3.5 - ..................................................................56

VII


3.6 Axial hinge ................................................................57

3.7 P-M2-M3 hinge moment hinge ............................57

3.8 Shear hinge ................................................................57

4.1 ....................................................................58

4.2 RC y .................58

4.3 RC u .................59

4.4 RC f y = 4200 kgf cm 2

..................................................................................................59

4.5 RC f y = 2800 kgf cm 2

..................................................................................................60

4.6 ATC-40 RC ...............................................60

4.7 ATC-40 RC ...............................................61

4.8 ATC-40 ......................................................61

5.1 ....................................................................62

5.2 A-A ...........................................................63

5.3 RC .................................................................64

5.4 A-A RC ................................................64

5.5 ................................................................64

5.6 SAP2000 RC ................................................65

5.7 EI ..................................................65

5.8

................................................................................................66

5.9 RC .....................67

VIII


5.10 RC .................................68

5.11 RC ....................................68

5.12 ........................69

5.13 25cm RC ..................................................70

5.14 15cm RC ..................................................70

5.15 P&K RC ...........................................71

5.16 25cm RC ..........................73

1 y .......................................74

2 x ............................................74

IX


2.1 ....................................................................75

2.2 ........................................................................75

2.3

................................................................................................76

2.4 NANV ..........................................77

2.5 Fa () ................77

2.6 FV () ................77

2.7

S aD ........................................................................................78

2.8

S aM ........................................................................................78

2.9 ............................................................78

2.10 ........................................................79

2.11 SR A SR V ............................................................79

2.12 ATC-40 Acceptance Criteria...................79

4.1

(rad) ..............................................................80

5.1 CU(SD1) ...............................81

5.2 ............................81

5.3

(rad)t=25cm .....................................................................82

5.4

(rad)t=15cm ......................................................................82

5.5 ATC-40 ..........................82

5.6 ................................................83

5.7 ................83

5.8 ................84

5.9 RC .............................84

5.10 ................................85

XI


1.1

19999211~220023313

(475 )
(Life Safety)
(Applied Technology Council)
ATC-404

RC RC

RC ATC-40

88 10
5

1.2

1.2.1

6~7
8
88
5
921
89 9
9
15
55

27

1.2.2 ATC-40
1975Freeman11
pushover analysis
T
S a

1993Mahaney12ADRS
Acceleration Displacement Response Spectrum
S a

S d Demand Spectrum

Capacity Spectrum
1996ATC-404
ATC-40
13ATC-40

14
UBC921
15
16

28ATC-40

17ATC-404

1.2.3 RC
RC
RC

1986 Paulay18
RC
RC ( ) RC 1992

Wallace Moehle19
RC
RC
1998 Priestley Kowalsky20 RC
RC NEZ3101
21

1.3
ATC-40 4

RC
RC

ATC-40
4 ATC-404

ADRS ATC-404

SAP2000 22 SAP2000
RC
RC
RC ATC-40 4

RC

5
 ATC-40

ATC-40

2.1

Applied Technology
Council ATC 1996
ATC-404
Mahaney
ADRS
Capacity SpectrumDemand Spectrum

, 2.1

2.2 (Performance Objects)

ATC-40

Serviceability Earthquake
Design Earthquake
Maximum Earthquake
50 50%10% 5%

6
 ATC-40

75 475 950
Operation
Immediate Occupancy
Life SafetyCollapse
Prevention 2.1
2.2

2.3 (Capacity Curve)

ATC-40

pushover methods

ATC-40
w x hx
Fx = V 2.1
x x
w h

wxx
Fx = V 2.2
wxx
wx x
hx x
x

2.12.2

7
 ATC-40

2.4 (Demand Response Spectrum)

2.4.1 ATC-40
ATC-40

ATC-40
(SA)(SB)(SC)(SD)
(SE)
1999 1~2
ATC-40

ATC-40 C A C V

C A = 0.4 S MS 2.3

CV = S M 1 2.4

S MS S M 1

C A EPA

5%
0.4 C v 5%

2.2

8
 ATC-40

2.4.2

ATC-40

24~25

26
921

25

S aD IW
V= ( 2.5 )
1.4 y Fu

S aD 0.4 S DS ( 2.6 )
S aD

g I W y

Fu

S aD

Z
C S aD

1.

S SD S1D

9
 ATC-40

5% g
25 2.3-

2.

S DS S D1

S MS S M 1

S DS = Fa S SD S MS = Fa S SM
( 2.7 )
S D1 = FV S1D S M 1 = FV S1M

Fa FV

Fa

S S (S SDS SM ) FV

( )
S1 S1DS1M 2.52.6

Fa FV

3.

N A N V 252.4

4.
S aD

10
 ATC-40

T S DS

S D1 S aM

T S MS

S M 1 S aD

S aM ( 2.7 )( 2.8 )

T0D T0M

S S
T0D = D1 T0M = M 1 ( 2.8 )
S DS S MS
2.6 S aD

0.4 S DS

25
2.72.8
2.3
5.
y 1.5

Fu R T

( R 1)
Ra = 1 + ( 2.9 )
1. 5
( R 1)
Ra = 1 + ( 2.10 )
2. 0

11
 ATC-40

Ra ; T T0D
T 0.6T0D
2 Ra 1 + ( Ra 2 Ra 1) ; 0.6T0D T T0D
0.4T0D
Fu =
2 Ra 1 ; 0.2T0D T 0.6T0D
T 0.2T0D
2 Ra 1 + ( 2 Ra 1) 0.2T D ; T 0.2T0D
( 2.11 )
0

2.3

2.5 ADRS
ADRSAcceleration-Displacement Response Spectrum

Mahaney12 S d

S a T

S a ADRS S d S a

2.4
2
n = ( 2.10 )
Tn

S a = n2 S d ( 2.11 )
2.102.11

T2
Sd = 2 Sa ( 2.12 )
4

roof V

S a S d ADRS 2.5

m
aim = PFmim S am ( 2.13 )

12
 ATC-40

N
( w
i im ) g
PFm = iN=1 ( 2.14 )

( wiim ) g
2

i =1
im i m
PFm m 2.14

wi
i N S am m
g

F=ma m
PFmim S am wi
Fim = ( 2.15 )
g

V
N N
Vm = Fim = PFmim S am wi g
i =1 i =1

N ( wiim ) g N
= S am PFm im wi g = S am iN=1 (im wi ) g
i =1
2
( wi im ) g i =1

i =1

2 2
N N
( w
i im ) g ( w
i im ) g
i =1 =S i =1
N
= S am N am N N
wi g
( wiim ) g
2
( wiim ) g wi g i=1
2

i =1 i =1 i =1

= S am m M
Vm
S am = M ( 2.16 )
m
M m m
2
N
(wiim g )
m = N i =1 ( 2.17 )

( )
N

wi g wiim g
2

i =1 i =1

13
 ATC-40

ADRS
V/M
Sa = ( 2.18 )
1
2.13

roof = PFmroof ,m S d ( 2.19 )

roof
Sd = ( 2.20 )
PFm roof ,m

ADRS
roof
Sd = ( 2.21 )
PF1 roof ,1

S d ADRS PF1

roof ,1

2.182.21 ADRS
2.12 ADRS
ADRS 2.6

2.6 (Reduced Response Spectrum)

hysteretic damping
inherent damping equivalent viscous
damping eq

eq = 0 + 0.05 ( 2.22 )

14
 ATC-40

0 hysteretic damping ratio5%

1 ED
0 = ( 2.23 )
4 E SO
E D E SO

2.7 E D ESO 2.82.9

E D = 4 (a pi d pi 2 A1 2 A2 2 A3 )
= 4 [a pi d pi a y d y (d pi d y )(a pi a y ) 2d y (a pi a y )] (2.24)
= 4 (a y d pi d y a pi )

a pi d pi
ESO = (2.25)
2
0

1 4( a y d pi d y a pi ) 2 a y d pi d y a pi 0.637( a y d pi d y a pi )
0 = = =
4 a pi d pi / 2 a pi d pi a pi d pi

(2.26)

63.7( a y d pi d y a pi )
0 = (%) (2.27)
a pi d pi

(3.21)
63.7( a y d pi d y a pi )
eff = 0 + 5 = + 5 (%) (2.28)
a pi d pi

2.28 eff

15
 ATC-40

63.7 (a y d pi d y a pi )
eff = 0 + 5 = + 5 (%) ( 2.29 )
a pi d pi

ATC-40
[ATC-40]Table 8-4
0 2.10

eff

5%
5% SR A

SRV 2.302.31

3.21 0.68 ln( eff )

SRA =
2.12
63.7 (a y d pi d y a pi )
3.21 0.68 ln + 5
a d
=
pi pi
( 2.30 )
2.12
2.31 0.411ln( eff )
SRV =
1.65
63.7 (a y d pi d y a pi )
2.31 0.411ln + 5
a pi d pi
= ( 2.31 )
1.65
SR A SRV

2.11

2.7
ATC40 ( Performance
Point ) Procedure A Procedure BC

16
 ATC-40

1. 5%
2.11Pushover Analysis
2.13

2. 5%2.12
ADRS 2.12

3. 2.182.21
ADRS 2.14

4. ADRS
5.

6. aY d Y A1=A2
2.15 2.2.5

7. 5%

5~7 5%
2.16

2.8

ATC-40

2.12
2.12 Max. total drift
Max. inelastic drift

17
 ATC-40

i P-

2.9
ATC-40
1. 2.2.6

ADRS ATC-40

2. SAP2000

18
 SAP 2000

SAP 2000

3.1
SAP 1970 Dr. Edward L. Wilson

CSI
SAP SAP2000 Nonlinear
Version 7.4222

Eigen Ritz SRSSCQC

GMC
Performance Based Design
Pushover analysis

SAP2000 Pushover

19
 SAP 2000

ACT-40
FEMA-273 P

3.2
3.2.1

SAP 2000 22
SAP 2000
1.


2.


3.

4. Restrained



5. Constrain



3.1

20
 SAP 2000

6. End Offsets
3.2.2

7. P

8.

3.2.2 Rigid End offset

Rigid End Offset
Frame Element
jointsBeam Line Model

3.2

Rigid End Offset

3.2 ioff joff
ij End OffsetClear Length

LC = L (ioff + joff ) 3.1

SAP 2000

SAP2000 Rigid end

rigidEnd Offset
Factor

21
 SAP 2000

0 rigid 1

L a = L rigid (ioff + joff ) 3.2

3.2.3 P
P 3.3 VA
VA L M 1 Primary

moment 1 1

M2

Secondary moment M 2

2 2

Buckling
P P

P SAP 2000

3.3 Pushover analysis

3.3.1

22
 SAP 2000

SAP2000
P 3.2.3

3.4

l P M y M(x)

x (x)

y - 3.5

x
u y
( x) = y +
Mu M y
[M ( x) M ]
y ( 3.3 )

=
lP
0
[ x ]
y dx

M(x) l P

u = ( u y ) l p ( 3.4 )

l P

l P

ATC-40
l P =h/2 h

3.3.2
SAP 2000

23
 SAP 2000

SAP 2000 (1)

Axial hinge(2) P-M-M hinge(3)
Shear hinge(4) Moment hinge

3.6~3.8 SAP 2000

SAP 2000
Pushover
Analysis

24
 RC

RC

4.1
RC

RC
SAP2000 Pushover Analysis

SAP2000
RC
RC

4.2 RC

4.2.1 Priestley Kowalsky RC

Priestley Kowalsky20 1998

4.1

1.

25
 RC

(a) 4.2(a)

y l w = 2.25 y 15% 4.1

(b) 0.5% 4.2(b)

y l w = 2.0 y 5% 4.2

2.
(a) 4.3(a)

u l w = 0.072 10% 4.3

(b) 0.5% 4.3(b)

N
u l w = 0.069 + 0.08 4% 4.4
f c' Ag

l w RC y u N R

Ag RC -

RC l w (

)

RC 4.1
4.3
y u y

y he2
y = 4.5
3
2
he hw
3
l p 4.1

26
 RC

max = y + p

lp
= y + p (he )
2
lp
= y + (u y )l p (he ) 4.6
2
l p

l p = 0.2l w + 0.044he 4.7

l p = 0.08he + 0.022 f y d bl 4.8

d bl hw l w 3 RC

(squat wall); hw l w >3RC (slender wall)

(4.5)(4.6) = max y

p
= 1 +
y

lp lp
= 1 + 3 u 1 1 4.9
h 2
y e he

RC ( hw l w

he l w ) RC

RC
2.5 RC
1.5

4.4~4.5 RC f y = 4200 kgf cm 2

f y = 2800 kgf cm 2

Priestley Kowalsky P&K

20
NZS 310121

27
 RC

P&K RC
hw l w 10 RC hw l w 6.5 RC

1.5%

5 f y = 2800 kgf cm 2 10 hw l w 2

f y = 4200 kgf cm 2 6.5 hw l w 3 5

4.2.2 NZS3101 RC
hw l w 3 RC P&K20

he
p = (u y ) l p = (0.072 2.25 y ) 0.2 + 0.044
l w

4.10
NZE 310121 hw l w RC

2.5NEZ 310121

5
1 RC 4.11
Z
4
2 RC 4.12
Z
hw
Z1.0Z = 2.50.5A r 2.0 , A r =
lw

hw l w 1 3

4.11
2.5 5.0 RC hw l w

3 RC 5.0

28
 RC

4.3 ATC-40 RC
ATC-40 RC
4.6 plastic rotation
4.8(a) B y
angle

M
y = y (l p ) 4.13
Ec I
M y ()

Ec I

l p ATC-40 1/2

C D abc

( 4.1 )
1. RC
2. P=1.0DL+0.5LL+1.0EQ

t wl w f c'

3.

t wl w f c'

P 0.8 Av f y l w
V = Vc + Vs = 0.696 f c' t w l w + + 4.14
5 s
4.
15 15.8.6.4

29
 RC

(1)

f c' Ag

Ash = 0.3 shc 1 4.15
f yh Ach

f c'

Ash = 0.09 shc 4.16
f yh

Ash s

hc

f yh

Ach

4.16
(2)
(a) 1/4
(b) 6

35 - h x
(c) s x = 10 + 15 S x hx
3

RC
4.7
4.8(b)
4.1

4.4 SAP2000 V7.42 RC

SAP2000 V7.42
RC
30
 RC

RC
SAP2000
RC Pushover
Analysis

SAP2000 V7.42 RC
RC
RC
RC
RC RC

31


5.1
SAP 200022 ATC-40
4 RC
RC SAP2000

5.2
X 36.9 Y 12
7.9
5.1 5.2 Frame1 Frame6
1B
0.3mm Y
X 12
W 639

f c = 84kgf cm 2 f c = 91.3kgf cm 2 f y = 2800kgf cm 2

28

Frame2 Frame5 RC
5.1 RC 25cm 5.3~5.4

W 687 RC f c = 280 kgf cm 2

32


f y = 2800kgf cm 2

5.2.1

25

1. 2.32.52.62.7

S DS = 1.0 0.6 = 0.6 g

S D 1 = 1 .0 0 . 3 = 0 .3 g

S 0 .3
2. 2.8 T0D = D1 = = 0.5 I
S DS 0.6
I=1.25(5.5)
3 3
3. Ts = 0.07 hn 4 = 0.07(7.9) 4 = 0.3299

Td =0.6221255.1

T=min(1.3 Ts , Td ) 0.4619 2.7

S aD = S DS = 0.6 g S aD 2.6

4. y =1.525

R=4.0 2.9
(4 1)
Ra = 1 + = 3 2.11
1. 5

0.6T0D T = 0.4619 T0D Fu = 2 Ra 1 + ( Ra 2 Ra 1)

T 0.6T0D
= 2.728
0.4T0D

S aD IW (0.6)(1.25)(687)
5. 2.5 V = = = 89.98
1.4 y Fu (1.4)(1.5)(2.728)

5.2

33


5.2.2

Y
RC
RC

28

5.2.2.1 RC

RC
RC ATC-404 RC
4.1 RC
1.0DL+0.5LL+1.0EQ RC
RC
5.3 W1

(As )
As' f y + P

t wl w f c'

P 69467.8
AS AS' = 0 = = 0.0142 RC
t wlw f c 25 700 280
'

4.2

P 0.8 Av f y l w
V = Vc + Vs = 0.696 f c' t w l w + + = ((0.696) 280 (25)(700)
5 s

34


69467.8 0.8 2 0.71 2800 700 V

+ )+ = 329.03 t
5 20 t wl w f c '

329030
= = 1.124 4.2
(
(25)(700) 280 )

f c'

1 A = 5 0.71 = 3.55cm A sh,code

2
= 0.09 shc
sh f yh

84
= (0.09)(20)(41.05)(
) =2.217 cm 2 O.K.
2800
40 4 = 10cm

2
6 2.22 = 13.32cm

35 6.74
S x = 10 + = 19.42cm
3
20cm N.G.

3 35cmO.K.

RC
4.1
NC abc
RC 5.3

5.2.2.2 SAP2000 RC
SAP2000 7.42 RC

Pushover Analysis

RC
RC 5.6(a)
RC
5.6(b)

35


5.3

5.2.2.3 EI
SAP2000 (elements)

ATC-404
5.5 0.5EI
0.7EI RC 0.8EI

5.2.2.4 RC
RC

RC SAP2000
RC 3.2 1

5.3
RC

1 EIgEI
2 RC 35cm50cm 50cm100cm

3 RC
4 RC
5 15cm RC 25cm RC

36


2.9

5.3.1 EI
5.7
EI g EI EI

EI
SAP2000
5.8
5.6 EI
EI EI
5.7 A F
EI
EI

5.3.2 RC
SAP2000 RC

5.7 B F 5.8(b) RC
5.8(f)35cm50cm
5.9 5.7

Frame1 Frame2

RC RC

37


35cm50cm 50cm100cm

5.8
5.9
Frame1 Frame2

5.3.3 RC
5.2.2.4 RC RC
5.7 C

5.10 Frame1

RC

5.3.4 RC
25cm RC
RC 15CM 15cm RC
5.7 5.11
15cm 25cm
RC
5.11

RC 15cm RC

25cm 15cm RC SAP2000

RC RC
ATC-40 5.9

38


RC
15cm RC 25cm
RC

5.3.5
5
5.10
RC

5.12 15cm 25cm

RC

5.3.6 RC
4.2.1 Priestley Kowalsky20 RC
RC
hw l w hw l w = 7.9 8 = 0.9875

4.10 RC RC
p

he
p = (0.072 2.25 y ) 0.2 + 0.044
l w
5.267
= (0.072 - 2.25 0.00137 )0.2 + 0.044 = 0.01578
8

39


Priestley Kowalsky4.9 = 20.2

hw l w RC

4.11 = 2.5

5.4
5.13 SAP2000
ADRS
25cm 15cm RC PK
5.135.15
25cm RC

1 Frame2 step-4

2 Frame2 step-6

3

step-27

4 Frame1

step-32

5 Frame6

step-58
15cm RC

1 Frame2 step-6

2 Frame2 step-12

3

step-22

40


4 Frame1

step-25

5 Frame6

step-35
P&K 25cm RC

1 Frame2 step-4

2 Frame2 step-6

3

step-27

4 Frame1

step-32

5 Frame6

step-41
5.16 25cmRC
RC
RC
RC RC RC
15cm RC P&K 25cm
RC

41


6.1

1. ATC-40

ATC-40
RC



2.




3. RC RC



4. RC RC
4.3
NZS 310121 3

42


RC

5. RC
ATC-40 RC

RC

6.2
1. RC
RC

.. RC




2.

ATC-40

RC

3. RC
RC

43


RC RC
RC RC
4.3


4.









5. SAP2000 V7.42 RC
RC RC

RC RC
RC RC
RC
RC

44


1. , 921 , 88
5
2. ,
, 88 12
3. , 331 , 91 4
4. Applied Technology Council(ATC), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete
Buildings, Vol. 1, ATC 40, Redwood City, CA (1996).
5. , , 88
12
6. , , ,
, (2000)
7. , , ,
, (2000)
8. , ,
, , 1567-1575 (1991)
9. , , 89
10. , , ,
, (2001)
11. Freeman, S. A., Nicoletti, J. P. and Tyrell, J. V., Evaluations to existing buildings
for seismic risk-A case study of puget sound naval shipyard, Washingtion,
Preoceeding of 1st U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, EERI,
Berkeley, pp. 113-122 (1975).
12. Mahaney, J. A., Freeman, S. A., Paret, T. F. and Kehoe, B. E., The capacity
spectrum method of evaluating structural response during the loma prieta
earthquake, Proc. 1993 National Earthquake Conference, pp. 501-510, Memphis
(1993).

45


13. , , ,
, (1999)
14. , , ,
, (2001)
15. ,
, , , (2001)
16. , ATC-40 , ,
, , 3-17 (2001)
17. , ,
, 90
18. Paulay, T., The design of ductile reinforced concrete structural walls for earthquake
resistance, Earthquake Spectra, 2(4), pp. 783-823 (1986).
19. Wallace, J.W. and Moehle, J. P., Ductility and detailing requirements of bearing
wall buildings, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 6 (1992).
20. Priestley, M. J. N. and Kowalsky, M. J., Aspects of drift and ductility capacity of
rectangular cantilever structural walls, Accepted by Bulletin of the New Zealand
National Society for Earthquake Engineering (1998).
21. New Zealand Standard, Concrete Structures Standard Part 1 The Design of
Concrete Structures, NZS 3101 (1995).
22. CSI, SAP2000Integrated Finite Element Analysis and Design of Structures,
Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkely, California (1996).
23. , , , , 87 5
24. , ,
, 90
25. , ,
, 91
26. , , 91
27. , ,
(2003)
28. , ATC-40 , ,
,

46


(Capacity Curve)
(Elastic Response Spectra)

ADRS

(Performance Point)

2.1 ATC-40

47
 Spectral Acceleration (g's)
2.5CA Control Periods
TS = CV / 2.5CA
TA = 0.2TS

EPA = CA
CV / T

TA TS Period(Seconds)

2.2 ATC-40 4
Spectral Acceleration (g's)

S DS Control Periods

S D1
T0 =
S DS

EPA = 0.4S DS S D1 T

0.2T0D T0D Period(Seconds) 2.5T0D

2.3 25

48
 Sa Sa
T0

ADRS

Ti
Sai Sai

T Sd
T0 Ti Sdi

2.4 ADRS

(Sa)
(V)

ADRS

() (Sd)

2.5 ADRS

Sa

S d
2.6 ADRS
49
 2.7

Formulas for designated areas:

A1 = (a pi a y ) d y
A2 = (a y d y ) / 2
[
A3 = (a pi a y ) (d pi d y ) / 2]
a pi
A1 A3
ay
A2
Spectral Acceleration

A2

A3 A1
dy d pi
Spectral Dispacement

2.8 ED 4

50
 bilinear representation of

spectral acceleration
capacity spectrum
capacity
spectrum
a pi
K initial K effective
ay
ESo

dy d pi

spectral dispacement

ED

2.9 4

Sa(g)

2.5 C A

Cv T
2.5 SR AC A
SRv C v T

T(sec)
2.10

51
 1

0.8

0.6

Sa(g)
0.4

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

T(sec)

2.11 5%

0.8

0.6

Sa(g)
0.4

0.2

0 10 20 30 40 50
Sd(cm)

2.12 ADRS

52
 300

200

V(ton)

100

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

D(cm)
2.13

0.4

0.3

Sa(g) 0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Sd(cm)

2.14 ADRS

53
 Sa

2.5CA
CV/T

2.5SRACA SRVCV/T

a pi

A2
ay
A1

dy d pi Sd
2.15

0.8 5%

0.6

Sa(g) 13.5%
0.4

0.2

0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0

Sd(cm)
2.16

54
 3.1

3.2 End Offset

55
 3.3 P

3.4

3.5 -

56
 C
Fy B
E
D

A Tension

Compression y

Fbucking

3.6 Axial hinge

C
My B
E
D

A Tension

Compression y

My

3.7 P-M2-M3 hinge moment hinge

C
Vy B
E
D

A Tension

Compression y

3.8 Shear hinge

57
 lw

hw

lp
u y

4.1 RC

(a) (b)

4.2 RC y

58
 (a) (b)

4.3 RC u

4.4 RC f y = 4200 kgf cm 2

59
 4.5 RC f y = 2800 kgf cm 2

4.6 ATC-40 RC

60
 4.7 ATC-40 RC

(a) (b)

4.8ATC-40

61
 A

2.25m
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1

1B RC RC 1B
RB2

RB1

RB1

RB1

RB1

RB1

RB1

RB1

RB1

RB1

RB2
7.5m

W1 W3
G1 G1 G1 G1 G1
2.25m
Y .
10@3.4m
2.5m A

RC RC


W2 W4

Frame1 Frame2 Frame3 Frame4 Frame5 Frame6

5.1

62
 30

5-7

320cm
70 RG1
3-7

30

4-7
60 RB1,RB2
320cm
4-7

35
6-7

320cm
70 2G1
4-7

35

5-7

320cm
60 2B1
5-7

35

5-7

320cm 130 2B2

5-7

50

14-7
320cm
40

5.2

63
 5.3 RC

5.4 A-A RC

1.00

0.80

0.60
Sa(g)

0.40

0.20

0.00

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00

T(sec)
5.5

64
 (a) (b)

5.6 SAP2000 RC

200 800

160
600
base shear(t)
base shear(t)

120

400

80

200
40 EI EI
EI EI
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Displacement(cm) Displacement(cm)

(a) (b)

5.7 EI

65
 6 6

Spectrual Acceleration(g)

Spectrual Acceleration(g)
4 4

2 2

0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8 12 16 20
Spectral Displacment(cm) Spectral Displacment(cm)

(a) EIg (b)

6 6
Spectrual Acceleration(g)

Spectrual Acceleration(g)

4 4

2 2

0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8 12 16 20
Spectral Displacment(cm) Spectral Displacment(cm)

(c) (d)
6 6
Spectrual Acceleration(g)

Spectrual Acceleration(g)

4 4

2 2

0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8 12 16 20
Spectral Displacment(cm) Spectral Displacment(cm)

(e) 15cmRC (f)

5.8
66
 Frame1 Frame2 Frame3

EQ EQ EQ

3550

EQ EQ
EQ

50100

EQ EQ EQ

(B) (LS) (E)

(IO) (C)

5.9 RC

67

Frame1 Frame2 Frame3

EQ EQ EQ
RC

RC EQ EQ EQ

5.10 RC

Frame1 Frame2 Frame3

EQ
EQ EQ

15cm

RC

EQ EQ EQ

25cm

RC

5.11 RC
68
 Frame1 Frame2 Frame3

EQ EQ EQ

15cm

RC

EQ EQ EQ

25cm

RC

EQ EQ EQ

15cm

RC

EQ EQ EQ

25cm

RC

(B) (LS) (E)

(IO) (C)

5.12
69
 1.6

1.2
Spectrual Acceleration(g)

1

4

5
0.8

2

0.4

0
0 4 8 12
Spectral Displacment(cm)

5.13 25cm RC
1.6

1.2
Spectrual Acceleration(g)

2
4

5

0.8

1

0.4

0
0 4 8 12
Spectral Displacment(cm)

70
 5.14 15cm RC

1.6

1.2
Spectrual Acceleration(g)

1

4
5

0.8

2

0.4

0
0 4 8 12
Spectral Displacment(cm)

5.15 P&K RC

71
 Frame1 Frame2 Frame3 Frame4 Frame5 Frame6
EQ EQ EQ EQ EQ EQ

EQ EQ EQ EQ EQ EQ

EQ EQ EQ EQ EQ EQ

3
 Frame1 Frame2 Frame3 Frame4 Frame5 Frame6
EQ EQ EQ EQ
EQ EQ

EQ EQ EQ EQ
EQ EQ

(B) (LS) (E)

(IO) (C)

5.16 25cm RC
 1 y

2 x

74
 2.1 4

operational

IO

LS

CP

2.2

(SE)
75
(DE)
475
(ME)
950

75
 2.3 25

S SD S 1D S SM S1M

0.5 0.3 0.8 0.4

0.6 0.3 0.8 0.45

0.7 0.35 0.8 0.5

0.7 0.35 0.8 0.45

0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4

0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4

0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4

0.6 0.3 0.8 0.45

0.7 0.35 0.8 0.5

0.6 0.35 0.8 0.45

0.6 0.3 0.8 0.45

0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4

0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5

76
 2.4 NANV25
(a)
r 2km 2km < r 5km 5km < r 8km 8km < r 12km r 12km
NA
1.23 1.16 1.07 1.03 1.00

r 2km 2km < r 5km 5km < r 8km 8km < r 12km r 12km
NV
1.36 1.32 1.22 1.10 1.00
(b)
r 2km 2km < r 5km 5km < r 8km 8km < r 12km r 12km
NA
1.25 1.20 1.10 1.03 1.00

r 2km 2km < r 5km 5km < r 8km 8km < r 12km r 12km
NV
1.50 1.45 1.30 1.15 1.00

2.5 Fa ()25

S S ( S SDS SM )

S S 0 .5 S S = 0 .6 S S = 0 .7 S S = 0 .8 S S 0 .9

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

2.6 FV ()25

S1 ( S1DS1M )

S S 0 .5 S S = 0 .6 S S = 0 .7 S S = 0 .8 S S 0 .9

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1
1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4

77
 2.7 S aD 25

T 0.2T0D 0.2T0D T T0D T0D T 2.5T0D 2.5T0D T

S aD = S DS ( 0.4 + 3T T0D ) S aD = S DS S aD = S D1 T S aD = 0.4S DS

2.8 S aM 25

T 0.2T0M 0.2T0M T T0M T0M T 2.5T0M 2.5T0M < T

S aM = S MS ( 0.4 + 3T T0M ) S aM = S MS S aM = S M 1 T S aM = 0.4 S MS

2.9 4

Essentially New Average Existing (Poor Existing
Building Building Building)

A B C

B C C

78
 2.10 4

0 (% )

16.25 1.0
A 0.51(a y d pi d y a pi )
> 16.25 1.13
a pi d pi

25 0.67
B 0.446(a y d pi d y a pi )
> 25 0.845
a pi d pi

C 0.33

2.11 SR A SR V 4

SR A SR V

A 0.33 0.50

B 0.44 0.56

C 0.56 0.67

2.12 ATC-40 Acceptance Criteria4

Performance Level
Interstory

Drift Limit
Max total Vi
0.01 0.01~0.02 0.02 0.33
drift Pi
Max inelastic
0.005 0.005~0.015 No limit No limit
drift
Vi i
Pi i

79
 4.1 (rad) 4

(rad)
a b c IO LS SS LS SS

(A
s )
As' f y + P V

t wl w f c' t wl w fc '

0.1 0.80 C 0.015 0.020 0.75 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.015 0.02
0.1 1.59 C 0.010 0.015 0.40 0.004 0.008 0.01 0.010 0.015
0.25 0.80 C 0.009 0.012 0.60 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.009 0.012
0.25 1.59 C 0.005 0.010 0.30 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.010
0.1 0.80 NC 0.008 0.015 0.60 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.008 0.015
0.1 1.59 NC 0.006 0.010 0.30 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.010
0.25 0.80 NC 0.003 0.005 0.25 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005
0.25 1.59 NC 0.002 0.004 0.20 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.004


d e c IO LS SS LS SS
0.0075 0.02 0.4 0.004 0.006 0.0075 0.0075 0.015

1.C ACI318 NC ACI318

2.(a)IO (b)LS (c)SS
3.Vkgf
4.
 5.1 CU(SD1)25

CU

0.4 1.20
0.35 1.25
0.30 1.30

5.2

H(m) W ( t) H*W Vi ( t )

RF 7.90 289.8 2289.3 52.28

2F 4.15 397.8 3940.1 37.70

81
 5.3 (rad)t=25cm4

( )

As As' f y + P V
(rad)
t wl w f c' bw d fc'
a b c IO LS SS
W1 0.0142 NC 1.124 0.0072 0.013 0.477 0.002 0.004 0.0072
R
W2 0.0311 NC 1.180 0.007 .0.0126 0.456 0.002 0.004 0.007
C
W3 0.0143 NC 1.124 0.0072 0.013 0.477 0.002 0.004 0.0072

W4 0.0314 NC 1.181 0.007 0.0126 0.456 0.002 0.004 0.007

5.4 (rad)t=15cm4

( )

As As' f y + P V
(rad)
t wl w f c' bw d f c'
a b c IO LS SS
W1 0.021 NC 1.4 0.0065 0.0112 0.372 0.002 0.004 0.0065
R
W2 0.045 NC 1.48 0.0063 0.0107 0.341 0.002 0.004 0.0063
C
W3 0.021 NC 1.4 0.0065 0.0112 0.372 0.002 0.004 0.0065

W4 0.046 NC 1.48 0.0063 0.0107 0.341 0.002 0.004 0.0063

5.5 ATC-40 4

0.5 Ec I g

Ec I g

0.7 Ec I g

0.5 Ec I g

0.8 Ec I g

0.5 Ec I g

82
 5.6

CASE
(t) (cm) (g)
EI g 158.31 2.85 0.157

EI 153.54 3.16 0.169

5.7

CASE

(t) (cm) (g) (t) (cm) (g)

A EIg 586.31 1.10 0.645 607.24 4.16 1.132

B 1240.4 1.94 1.928 1332.5 3.30 2.014

RC
C 258.0 4.72 0.263 261.29 4.82 0.268

D 128.95 2.29 0.112 153.54 3.16 0.169

E 15cmRC 547.75 1.14 0.664 567.59 4.82 1.134

( EI
F 547.39 1.07 0.689 578.96 4.78 1.155
25cmRC
)

83
 5.8

CASE
(t) (cm) (g)

3550 578.96 4.78 1.155

50100 688.32 3.62 1.034

1332.5 3.30 2.014

5.9 RC

Frame2 Frame5

357.94t 359.70t 357.94t 359.70t

25cm ATC-40

405.05t 405.05t 405.05t 405.05t
RC
SAP2000

134.46t 288.30t 123.31t 231.07t

264.24t 266.01t 264.24t 266.01t

15cm ATC-40

298.69t 298.69t 298.69t 298.69t
RC
SAP2000

134.12t 285.89t 121.33t 224.08t

84
 5.10

Case
LV Vf Rf Ra Fu ay Ay Ac Ac,min (g)


RF(B) 612.28 1.888 1.444 1.444 12.793 1.279 1.847
15cm
2F(A) 223.92 1.288 1.144 1.144 193.24 19.324 22.11
1.029 1.135
2F(B) 598.54 1.873 1.437 1.437 7.16 0.716 1.029
RC
1F(A) 132.95 1.656 1.328 1.328 66.675 6.668 8.855

RF(B) 820.75 1.928 1.464 1.464 16.674 1.667 2.441

25cm
2F(A) 217.69 1.282 1.141 1.141 264.45 26.445 30.176
1.366 1.155
RC 2F(B) 809.42 1.905 1.453 1.453 9.402 0.94 1.366
1F(A) 127.45 1.654 1.327 1.327 98.982 9.898 13.135

85