Table B-6.

Recommended Energy Loss Coefficients, K, for Flanged Pipe Fittings3

Fitting K Fitting K

E n t r a n c e F o r g e d o r cast f i t t i n g s

B e l l m o u t h 0 . 0 5
Return bend, r = 1.4 D 0 . 4 0
R o u n d e d 0 . 2 5

Tee, line flow0.30

S h a r p - e d g e d 0 . 5
Tee, branch flow0.75
P r o j e c t i n g 0 . 8

Exits
All of the above 1.0 Cross, line flow0.50

Bends, m i t e r e d C r o s s , branch f l o w 0 . 7 5

9 = 1 5 0 . 0 5
Wye, 4 5 0 . 5 0
9 = 22.5 0.075

9 = 30 0.10 Increasers

9 =45 0.20 C o n i c a l
r iAfi 2
h = K\l-\ \ \v2/2g
L 1^2J ]
L22
6 = 60 0.35 K = 3 . 5 (tane)

9=9 0 0 . 8 0 Conical (approximate) h = 0.25(v 2 - v\}/2g

2 2
90 b e n d 0 . 3 0 v - v [ ( A ^2 Iv2
3 x 3 0 =9 0 S u d d e n h = Vl ^2 = - 1
2
4 x 22.5 = 90 S [(AI) \2g
Reducers
Forged or cast fittings
C o n i c a l h = Kv\l2g
9 0 elbow, s t a n d a r d 0 . 2 5 K = 0.03 0.01

9 0 elbow long r a d i u s 0 . 1 8 S u d d e n J 7 - I i ( ^ I 2
2/ 8
2 [D1J
45 elbow 0.18
a
/z = Kv2/2g, where v is the maximum velocity in nonprismatic fittings. Increase K by 5% for each 25-mm (1-in.) decrement in pipe smaller
than 300 mm (12 in.). Expect K values to vary from -20 to +30% or more.
Table B-7. Recommended Energy Loss Coefficients, K, for
ValvesFullyOpen a ' b ' c

Valve type K

Angle 1.8-2.9
Ball 0.04
Butterfly
25-lb Class 0.16
75-lb Class 0.27
150-lb Class 0.35
Check valves
Ball 0.9-1.7 but see Mfr's data for specific
size and flowrate.
Center-guided globe style 2.6
Double door
8 in. or smaller 2.5
10 to 16 in. 1.2
Foot
Hinged disc 11.4
Poppet 5-14
Rubber flapper
v < 6ft/s 2.0
v>6ft/s 1.1
Slanting discd 0.25-2.0
Swingd 0.6-2.2, but see Figures B-2 and B-3.
Cone 0.04
Diaphragm or pinch 0.2-0.75
Gate
Double disc 0.1-0.2
Resilient seat 0.3
Globe 4.0-6.0
Knife gate
Metal seat 0.2
Resilient seat 0.3
Plug
Lubricated 0.5-1.0
Eccentric
Rectangular (80%) opening 1.0
Full bore opening 0.5
a
h = Kv2/2g, where v is the velocity in the approach piping.
b
For 300-mm (12-in.) valves and velocities of about 2 m/s (6 ft/s). Note that K
may increase significantly for smaller valves. Consult the manufacturer.
c
Expect K to vary from -20 to +50% or more.
d
Depending on adjustment of closure mechanism, velocity may have to exceed
4 m/s (12 ft/s) to open the valve fully. Adjustment is crucial to prevent valve
slam.