2.

016 Hydrodynamics
Professor A.H. Techet

0.1 Derivation of unsteady Bernoullis Equation

Conservation of Momentum says
ma = F
so
DV F
a = =
Dt V
This is the acceleration and forces acting on Bob the Fluid Blob. The total derivative of the velocity is
expanded like this:
(t, x, y, z)
DV
V x V
V y V z
= + + +
Dt t x
t y
t z
t
u v w
DV
V V V
V
= +u +v +w
Dt t x y z

V




= + u +v +w V
t x y z

V



= + (u, v, w) , ,
V
t x y z
DV
V
= + (V )
V
Dt t
V
For irrotational ow, ( = 0), so (V )
V = (
1V V ) and
2

DV V
1

= + V V
Dt t 2
= ,
Also for irrotational ow, we can use the velocity potential V and we have

DV


1
= +

Dt t 2
The forces acting on Bob are pressure and gravity, so the momentum equation becomes




1

+
= p g k = p (gz)

t 2
d
dz
(gz)

1

+ + p + gz = 0
t 2
And in one last glorious step, we integrate all the spacial derivatives (i.e. knock the nabla out), and we
have the unsteady Bernoullis Equation;
1

+ + p + gz = F (t)
t 2
where F (t) is some function of t (is the constant of integration).