Matrix Analysis of Structures

Matrix analysis of a structure is a branch of

structural analysis in which matrix
algebraic is used as a tool for the analysis
of structure.

Object of analysis of structure is to predict

the behavior of a structure due to external
loads, temperature changes, settlement of
supports, vibrations etc
 Types
This can be divided into two parts

1. Force Analysis
2. Deformation Analysis

Force Analysis
It involves the calculation of reaction of the supports and
determination of internal action (Normal force, shear force,
and bending moment) within the structure.

Deformation Analysis
Deformation analysis involves the evolution of deformation
(displacements and strains) of the elements of a structure as
well as whole of the structure.
 Methods
1. Classical Method
2. Modern Methods

Classical Method

Castiglianos 2nd theorem

Consistent Deformation
Least Work
Three Moment Equation
Slope Deflection
Kanis Method
 Force Displacement/Deformation Method

1. Force or Flexibility Method

2. Displacement or Deformation or Stiffness Method

Requirement

Following main requirements are to be satisfied by any method of

structural analysis for any structure. These are;

i. Equilibrium requirements i.e. equilibrium of forces, equilibrium between

external loads and internal forces.

ii. Compatibility of deformation, displacement of a structure at a certain

part must be compatible with the strains developed within the structure
at that part.

iii. Force Displacement Relationship

1. Force or Flexibility Method

In this method redundant constraints are removed and

corresponding redundant forces (moment) are placed.
An equation of compatibility of deformation is written
in terms of these redundants and corresponding
displacements. The redundants are determined from
these simultaneous equation. Equations of statics are
then used for calculation of designed internal actions.
In this method, forces are treated as basic unknowns.
Method of consistant deformation, castiglianos 2nd
theorem and three moment equations are force
method.
2. Displacement or Stiffness Method

In this method, the rotation or the nodal

displacements are treated as unknown. These are
then related to corresponding forces.
 Flexibility Method of Analysis

Flexibility Method of Analysis

Indirect Direct

Flexibility:
Flexibility of a member is defined as deformation
produced by a unit load.
From stress strain relationship.
 E =

P
Since = ; E =
A L

P
Therefore A
= E

L
PL
=
AE

For P=1

L
= f =
AE
 According to compatibility
requirements A B
B = 0

Frame
P
3m + r =3j

RB
Truss
m + r = 2j

SI = One degree
(ML) = 0 R2
R3
(MR) = 0 R1

B = 0
BO + BB = 0
BO + BB = 0 BDS

BB = RB x bb BO

BO + RB x bb = 0 RB

BB
RB = - Bo / bb
1k

BB
 A B C

B = 0
C = 0

BO + RB . bb + RC . bc = 0
CO + RB . cb + RC . cc = 0
 CO
BO

1k

cb
bb

1k

cc
bc
 BO + RB fbb + RC fbc = 0

C0 + RB fcb + RC fCC = 0

BO fbb fbc RB
+ = 0
CO RC
fcb fcc

fbb fbc RB BO

= CO
RC
fcb fcc

[R] [F] = [O]

[R] = - [F]-1 [O]
 R1
R3
R2
 1O + R1 f11 + R2 f12 + R3 f13 = 0
2O + R1 f21 + R2 f22 + R3 f23 = 0
3O + R1 f31 + R2 f32 + R3 f33 = 0

10 f11 f12 f13 R1

20 + f21 f22 f23 R2 = 0

30 f31 f32 f33 R3

-1
R1 f11 f12 f13 10
R2 = - f21 f22 f23 20
R3 f31 f32 f33 30
 30k 20k
A B C

6 ft 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft

30k 20k

R1 R2

10 and 20 are the deflections due to applied loading.

10 + 11 + 12 = 0 . . . . . . . . . (1)
20 + 21 + 22 = 0 . . . . . . . . . (2)
 30k 20k

1O + R1 f11 + R2 f12 = 0 10 20

20 + R1 f21 + R2 f22 = 0 R2

12 22

f11 f12 R1 1O
R1
= -
R2 2O
f21 f22

11 21
 Calculation of flexibility co-efficient and 10 and 20 is carried
out by solving the following integral.

ab = 1 / EI
f ab = 1 / EI

Where ab is the displacement due to applied loading on

primary structure or basic determinate structure

EI . 10 = M m1 dx
EI . 12 = m1m2 dx
 30k 20k
A B C

6 ft 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft

30k 20k

10
20

EI . 20 = M m2 dx

EI . f11 = m1 m1 dx

EI . f22 = m2 m2 dx
 30k 20k

240 MO

540
1k 1k

12 24
m m
1 2

EI . f 12 = m1 m2 dx

EI . 10 = m1 Mo dx
 10 = 25,560 k.ft
20 = 70,200 k.ft

f 11 = 576 k.ft
f 22 = 4,608 k.ft
f 21 = f 12 = 1,440 k.ft

25560 576 1440 R1

+ = 0
70200 R2
1440 4608

R1 -28.75
=
R2 -6.25
 30k 20k

MA
R1 R2
RA

6 ft 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft

Fy = 0
RA + R1+ R2 = 50k
RA = 15 k

MA = 0
(R2 x 24) (20 x 18) + (R1 x 12) (30 x 6) + MA = 0
MA = 45 k.ft
 30k 20k

45 k
R1 R2
15

6 ft 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft

45
35.75
+ ve + ve

- ve - ve

45
45

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

 (3m + r = 3j)

6T

12
15

15 16

r =5
m=3
j =4

Unknown = 3m + r = 3x3 + 5 = 14
Equation Available = 3j = 3x4 = 14
Static Indeterminacy = 14 12 = 2
 R2
BDS
R1

BDS under the action of applied loading + redundants

= + +
1K

1K

-1
R1 f11 f12 10
= -
R2 f21 f22 20
6T

Mo
(-)
- 90

+ 31 + 16
(+) + 16
+ 31 (+)

(+)

m1
+ 31

1K

- 12

- 12
- 12

m2 1K
+3
 12

1K
3
=0

-1 x 15 + 3 = -12 - 72

- 90

- 20925 T.ft3 - 12
10 = - 90 x 15
EI 2x3 + (-12)
6
1350
20 = = - 225 (6 12)
EI

24686 = - 225 x 6 = 1350

f11 =
EI +3

3705
f22 =
EI

- 7602.5
f12 = h2
EI h1

HL (2h1 + h2)
6
 -1
R1 24686 - 7602 - 20925
=
R2 - 7602 3705 1350

R1 2T
=
R2 3.74 T

R1 = 2T
R2 = 3.74 T
 6T

12
15

3.74 T
2.26
16.75

2T
2T

15 16

13
13
- 17

- 17

+ 16.75
 10 KN/m 5 K/ft
B C
20 KN

4m
10
6m
D

A
10 ft 20 ft

5m

5 KN
10 m 5 KN/m
10 KN

10m
15m

5m 20 m 4m
 Indeterminacy of Trusses
m + r = 2j

d
m=7
4

j=5 e
3
5 6
r=4 7
a c
1 2

7 + 4 > 10
m = 2j - 3
 6 5 5 4 4

7 10 m=7
11
9
6
8
3 j=5
1 3 r=4
1 2 2

m + r = 11 + 3 = 14
Statically Indeterminate upto 2 degrees 2j = 12

b0 =

bb =

Ra =

b0
Rb = -
bb
 b = 0 c = 0

10 + R1 11 + R2 12 = 0

20 + R1 21 + R2 22 = 0

10 f11 f12 R1
+ = 0
20 f21 f22 R2

10 + R1 f11 + R2 f12 = 0

20 + R1 f21 + R2 f22 = 0
Due to applied loading

10 20

1K

f11 f21

1K

f12 f22
 PL
=
AE
(WORK DONE)

P P

P Work Done
=
2 Strain Energy Stored

P PL P2 L
=
2 AE 2AE
 P2 L
U =
2AE

U 2P L P
=
Q 2AE Q

P
= PL
AE Q

Axial Rigidity

= PL
AE
n = PnL
AE

n = force due to unit load

10 = P n1 L
AE

20 = P n2 L
AE

f11 = n12 L
AE

f22 = n22 L
AE

f12 = n1 n2 L
AE
 B 10 K

P FORCES
15

A D C

20 20

10 K

BDS UNDER
APPLIED LOADING

+5.00 +5.00
20

10

10 = P n1 L
AE
20 = P n2 L
AE
f11 = n 12 L
AE n1 FORCES

f21 = n1 n2 L
AE
1.00 1.00 1K
f21
f11

f22 = n 22 L
AE 1.00
n2 FORCES

f12 = n1 n2 L
AE
0.667
f22
0.667

f12
1K

10 f11 f12 R1
+ = 0
20 f21 f22 R2
 2 2
Member L P n1 n2 Pn1L Pn2L n1 L n2 L n1n2L F=P+R1f1+R2f
2

AB 25 6.25 0 -0.833 0 -130 0 17.36 0 6.25

BC 25 6.25 0 -0.833 0 130 0 17.36 0 -6.25
AD 20 5 1 0.667 100 66.67 20 8.92 13.33 0
DC 20 5 1 0.667 100 66.67 20 8.92 13.33 0
DB 15 0 0 1 0 0 0 15 0 0
200 133.33 40 67.56 26.67
= 10 x AE 20 x AE f11 x AE f22 x AE f12 x AE
 -1
R1 40 26.67 200
= -
R2 26.67 67.56 133.37

R1 = - 5.00 K

R2 = 0

F = P + R1n1 + R2n2
F = P (5.00)n1 + (0)n2

10 K

0 0 5K
5K

3.75 K 0K 3.75 K
 USING INDIRECT FLEXIBILITY METHOD
PROBLEM NO. 1: 10 K/ft
B C
20 K

4m
6m
D

5m

10 K/ft
125 k'
20 K
( )

(M)
125 k'
BMD due to
BDS under the
applied loading. applied loading:
R3
R2
( )
R3
R2
245 k' R1
A
20 k
R1
50 K 245 k'
 5 4 4
(+)
4 4
(+)
5
(+) (+)
BMD due to unit load
at 'D' BMD due to unit load
(m1) at 'D'
(+)
(m2)
1k

(-)
1K 1k
2
5
2k'

1 1
(+)
1 1

BMD due to unit

(+) moment & at 'D'
(+) (m3)

1k'
1

1k'
EI . 10 = Lae + La ( e + f )
4 2

= 15 x 15 x-125 + 6 x 5 ( -125 245 )

4 2

10 = - 6331.25 K.Ft3
EI

EI . 20 = Lae + Lh ( e +2d ) + Lg ( d + 2e )
3 6 6
= 5 x 4 x -125 + 6 x -125 ( -2 +2 x 4 ) + 6 x 245 (4 2 x2 )
3 6 6

20 = - 1583.33 K.Ft3
EI

EI . 30 = Lae + Le ( e + d )
3 2

= 15 x 1 x -125 + 6 x 1 ( -125 245 )

4 2

30 = - 1318.33 K.Ft3
EI

EI . f11 = Lae + Lae

3

= 5x5x5 + 6x5x5
3

f11 = 191.667 K.Ft3

EI
 EI . f22 = Lae + Lae + Le ( 2e +f ) + Ld ( e + 2f )
3 6 6

= 4 x 4 x 4 + 5 x 4 x 4 + 6 x -2 (2 x -2 + 4 ) + 6 x 4 (2 x 4 - 2 )
3 6 6

f22 = 125.33 K.Ft3

EI

EI . f33 = Lae + Lae + Lae

= (4 x 1 x 1) + (5 x 1 x 1) + (6 x 1 x 1)

f33 = 15 K.Ft3
EI

EI . f12 = Lae + Le ( c + d )
2 6

= (5x4x5) + 6x5(4-2)
2 6

f12 = 80 K.Ft3
EI
 EI . f13 = Lae + Lae
2

= 5x5x5 + ( 6 x 5 x 5)
2

f13 = 42.5 K.Ft3

EI

EI . f32 = Lae + Lae + Le ( c +d )

2 6

= (4 x 1 x 4 ) + ( 5 x 1 x 4) + 6 x 1(4 2 )
2 6

f32 = 34 K.Ft3
EI

-1
R1 191.66 80 42.5 -6331.25
R2 80 125.33 34 -1583.33
=- -1318.33
R3 42.5 34 15

R1 = 32.14 K
R2 = -18.12 K
R3 = 37.52 K
 10 K/ft
20 K

37.52k'
18.12k

10.54k'
32.14k
1.88k

17.86k

Mmax = 16.69k'

+ 34.69 k'
(-)
0.74k'
34.69 k'
BENDING
MOMENT
DIAGRAM.

(+)

(-)
10.54k'
 5 KN/m
B
PROBLEM NO. = 2

10'
10 ft 20 ft

5 K/ft

(-)
B C
1000 K'

R2
A
R3 100 k
1000 K'
R1
(M)

BMD due to applied loading

 30
10
10 (+)
B
(+)

BMD due to unit

load at 'A'
(m1)
10 (-) 1
1
(-)
BMD due to unit

(m3) load at 'A'

BMD due to applied loading

1 (+) 1
1
(-)
BMD due to unit

(m2) moment at 'A'

1
EI . 10 = L( 3a + b )e
12
= 20 ( 3 x 30 + 10) x -1000
12

10 = - 1.67 x 105 K.Ft3

EI

EI . 20 = Lae
3

= 20 x -1 x -1000
3

20 = 6.67 x 105 K.Ft3

EI

EI . 30 = Lae
3
= 20 x -10 x -1000
3
30 = 6.67 x 104 K.Ft3
EI

EI . f11 = Le (2e + f ) + Ld ( e + 2f ) + Lae

6 6 3

= 20 x 10 ( 2 x 10 + 30) + 20 x 30 ( 10 + 2 x 30 ) + 14.14 x 10 x 10
6 6 3

f11 = 9138 K.Ft3

EI
EI . f22 = Lae + Lae

= ( 20 x -1 x 1) + ( 14.14 x -1 x 1)

f22 = 34.14 K.Ft3

EI

EI . f33 = Lae + Lae

3

= ( 20 x -10 x 10 ) + ( 14.14 x -10 x -10)

f33 = 2471.33 K.Ft3

EI

EI . f12 = Le ( c + d ) + Lae
2 2

= 20 x -1( 10 + 30 ) + ( 14.14 x 1 x 10 )
2 6

f12 = -470.7 K.Ft3

EI

EI . f13 = Le ( c + d ) + Lae
2 3

= 20 x 10 ( 10 + 30 ) + ( 14.14 x -10 x 10 )
2 3

f13 = -4471.33 K.Ft3

EI
 EI . f32 = Lae + Lae
2

= ( 20 x -1 x -10 ) + ( 14.14 x 10 x 10 )
2

f32 = 270.7 K.Ft3

EI

-1
R1 9138 -470 -4471.33 -6331.25
R2 -470.7 34.14 270.7 - -1583.33
=- -1318.33
R3 4471.33 270.7 2471.33

R1 = 44.855 K
R2 = -45.779 K
R3 = 59.528 K
 10 K/ft

20 K 59.528k
203.851k'

45.779k'
55.145k
59.528k

44.855k

Mmax = 100.3k'

(+)
(-)
(-)
203.851 k'
45.779k' (+)

11.029'
17.361'

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM.

 5 KN
PROBLEM = 3 5 KN/m
10m
10 KN

10m

15m
5m 20m 4m

5 KN

10 KN

10 KN

975 KN' R3
R2
55 KN'
BDS under applied loading

R1
 (-)
800 kn'
-250 kn'

(-)

975 kn'

(M)
BMD due to applied load.

15 15
24 5 KN/m 4 15 15
24
(+)
(+) 4

(+) (+)
(+)
29 5
(m2)
(m1)

1KN
BDS under applied loading
1KN
 1 1
1 (+) 1

(+)
1
+

(m3)
1
(M)
1kn'

EI . 10 = L(3a+b)e + Lc (2e + f ) + Ld (e+2f) + Lc (2e + f ) + Ld (e+2f)

12 6 6 6 6

= 10( 3 x 14 + 4 )(-250) + 10 x 14( 2 x -250 800 ) + 10 x 24( -250 + 2 x 800)

12 6 6
+ 11.18 x 24 ( 2 x 800 975 ) + 11.18 x 29 ( 2 x 975 800 )
6 6
10 = - 377671.5 K.Ft3
EI

EI . 20 = Lae + Le( c+d) + Lh (2d + e ) + Lg ( d + 2e )

3 2 6 6
= 10 x 15 x -250 + 10 x 15 ( -250 800) + 11.18 x 5 ( -800 -2 x 975 )
3 2 6
+ 11.18 x 15 (-975 2 x 800 )
6
20 = - 188842.083 K.Ft3
EI
EI . 30 = Lae + Le ( c + d ) + Le ( c + d )
3 2 2
= 10 x 1 x -250 + 10 x 1 ( -250 800 ) + 11.18x 1 (-800 975)
3 2 2
30 = - 16005.583 K.Ft3
EI

EI . f11 = Lae + Lc (2e+f) + Ld (e+2f) + Lc (2e+f) + Ld (e+2f)

3 6 6 6 6

= 15.52 x 4 x 4 + 20 x 4 ( 2 x 4 + 24) + 20 x 24 ( 4 + 2 x 24)

3 6 6

+ 11.18 x24( 2 x 24 + 29 ) + 11.18 x 29 ( 24 + 2 x 29 )

6 6

f11 = 12543.887 K.Ft3

EI

EI . f22 = Lae + Lae + Lc ( 2e +f ) + Ld ( e + 2f )

3 6 6

= ( 15.52 x 15 x 15 ) + ( 20 x 15 x 15 ) + 11.18 x 5 (2 x 5 + 15 )
3 6

+ 11.18 x 15 (5 + 2 x 15 )
6

f22 = 6875.167 K.Ft3

EI
EI . f33 = Lae + Lae + Lae

= (15.52 x 1 x 1) + ( 20 x 1 x 1) + ( 11.18 x 1 x 1)
f33 = 46.7 K.Ft3
EI

EI . f12 = Lae + Le ( c + d ) + Lc ( 2e+ f ) + Ld ( e +2f )

3 2 6 6
= ( 15.52 x 4 x 15 ) + 20 x 15 ( 4 + 24 ) + 11.18 x 24 ( 5 + 2 x 15)
3 2 6
+ 11.18 x 29 ( 15 + 2 x 5 )
6
f12 = 7426.517 K.Ft3
EI

EI . f13 = Lae + Le ( c + d) + Le ( c + d)
2 2 2

= ( 15.52 x 4 x 10 ) + 20 x 1 ( 4 + 24 ) + 20 x 1 ( 4 + 24 )
2 2 2
f13 = 607.31 K.Ft3
EI

EI . f32 = Lae + Lae + Le ( c +d )

2 6

= (15.52 x 1 x 15 ) + ( 20 x 15 x 1) + 11.18 x 1(5 + 15 )

2 6

f32 = 528.2 K.Ft3

EI
 -1
R1 12543.887 7426.517 607.31 -377671.5
R2 =- 7426.517 6875.167 528.2 -188842.083
R3 607.31 528.2 46.7 -16005.583

R1 = 38.29 KN
R2 = -15.03 KN
R3 = 14.8 KN
 5 KN
5 KN/ft
10 KN

75.06 kn'
25.03 kn

14.8 kn'

16.71kn 15.03 kn

38.29 kn

M max. 89.12 kn'

+
(-)
91.69 57.49
(-)
75.06
+

14.8