ISSN:2229-6093
Riddhi J Gandhi et al, Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 7 (1),115-119
Comparative Study on Dynamic Key Management for Cluster based
Sensor Networks
Riddhi J Gandhi
PG Scholar (SNS), SVMIT
Bharuch, India
riddhi.gandhi215@gmail.com
Abstract : This paper portrays the idea of sensor systems
which has been made feasible by the meeting of micro
electro mechanical systems technology, wireless
communications and digital electronics. As WSNs are
typically conveyed in remote, the adoption of dynamic key
management is extremely important. Be that as it may, the
resource constrained nature of sensor nodes impedes the
utilization of dynamic key management arrangements
intended for wired and ad- hoc systems. Consequently,
numerous dynamic key management plans have been
proposed for WSNs as of late. This paper researches the
unique necessities of dynamic key management in sensor
system situations, and presents a few fundamental
evaluation metrics. In this work, the dynamic key
management schemes are ordered into distinctive groups
and outlined on the base of an evaluation metrics.
Keywords: Wireless sensor networks, Key management,
Dynamic key management
I. INTRODUCTION
A wireless sensor networks (WSN) comprises of an extensive
number of sensor nodes, which are controlled by batteries,
equipped with sensing, data processing and short-range radio
communication components. The utilizations of WSNs extent
from the most well known ones, similar to environment
monitoring and home automation, to all the demanding ones in
military or security regions, similar to combat zone
reconnaissance, focusing on and target tracking systems. Be
that as it may, the wireless connectivity, the nearby
collaboration among sensor nodes and their unattended
operation, and in addition the nonappearance of physical
security make WSNs helpless against an extensive variety of
network-level attacks and even physical damage[1,15].
Despite the fact that sensor nodes can be outfitted with
inherent alter resistance systems, the memory chips are as yet
suffering from different memory read-out vulnerabilities. Key
management is a center system to guarantee security in
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Ashish D Patel
Department of IT, SVMIT
Bharuch, India
ashishpatel.svmit@gmail.com
network services and applications of WSNs. Key management
can be defined as an set of procedures and systems that
support key establishment and maintenance of progressing
keying connections between legal parties as per a security
strategy. Since sensor nodes in WSNs have requirements in
their computational power and memory ability, security
arrangements intended for wired and ad-hoc networks are not
suitable for WSNs[2].
Fig 1. A hierarchical wireless sensor network
architecture[11]
The objective of key distribution in WSNs is to take care of
the issue of making, appropriating and keeping up those secret
keys. Thus, systems for reliable distribution and management
of these keys are of indispensable significance for the security
in WSNs. Because of their significance, the key management
systems for WSNs have gotten expanding consideration in
scientific writing, and various key administration plans have
been proposed for WSNs. Depending upon the capacity to
redesign the cryptographic keys of sensor nodes amid their run
time (rekeying), these plans can be classified into two
different classifications:
static and dynamic[11]. In static key management, the
guideline of key per-distribution is received, and keys are
fixed for the entire lifetime of the system. However, as a
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Riddhi J Gandhi et al, Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 7 (1),115-119
cryptographic key is utilized for quite a while, its likelihood of
being assaulted increments significantly. Rather, in dynamic
key management, the cryptographic keys are revived all
through the system's lifetime. Dynamic key management is
viewed as a promising key administration in sensor systems.
Dynamic key management is a set of procedures used to
perform rekeying either occasionally or on interest as required
by the system. Since the keys of compromised nodes are
revoked in the re keying procedure, dynamic key management
mechanism improves system survivability and system
resilience significantly[11,12].
II. FUNDAMENTAL NECESSITIES AND EVALUATION
MEASUREMENTS[10]
All key management schemes should fulfill the going with
standard security necessities: confidentiality, validation,
freshness, trustworthiness and non-denial. The same holds for
dynamic key management.
An Evaluation measurements for pre-distribution key
management are named security, proficiency and adaptability,
as indicated by the imperatives of sensor hubs and systems
administration[].
A. Security Metrics
Dynamic key management schemes must provide the
cryptographic keys in a secure manner, thwarting the
activities of malicious nodes inside a network. Upon
detecting a compromised sensor node, the current secret
key of the compromised sensor node must be revoked and
a new one must be generated and distributed to its
associated sensor nodes, except the compromised one.
1. Node Revocation
This mechanisms are useful to prevent a compromised
node from deviating the network behavior by injecting
false data or modifying data of trusted nodes.
2. Forward and backward secrecy
Forward secrecy is used to prevent a node from using an
old key to continue decrypting new messages. Backward
secrecy is the opposite, it is used to prevent a node with the
new key from going backwards in time to decipher
previously received messages encrypted with prior keys.
Both forward and backward secrecy are used to defeat
node capture attacks.
3. Collusion Resistance
An adversary might attack the network and collude the
nodes. A good dynamic key establishment technique must
resist the collusion of newly joined and compromised
nodes.
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4. Resilience
Resilience indicates the resistance against node capture,
where the adversary physically attacks a sensor node and
tries to recover secret information from its memory. It
measures the impact of one captured node on the rest of
the network. The resilience of a key management system is
high if an adversary cannot affect any node except the
captured one. In contrast, the resilience is low if the
capture of a single node leads to the compromise of the
whole network.
B. Efficiency Metrics
The dynamic key distribution itself shall not put a heavy
burden on the inherent resource-constrained sensor nodes
in terms of:
1. Memory
The amount of memory required to store security
credentials, such as keys, a \user" certificate and \trusted"
certificates.
2. Bandwidth
The number and size of messages exchanged for the key
generation process, node replenishment and node eviction.
3. Energy
The energy consumption involved in the key agreement
process, data transmission and reception, as well as the
computational procedure for the generation and
distribution of new keys.
C. Flexibility Metrics
Key establishment techniques ought to be sufficiently
adaptable to capacity well in the extensive variety of
situations secured by WSN applications. The most
important flexibility measurements are mobility, scalability
and key connectivity.
1. Mobility
A large portion of the network architectures accept that
sensor nodes are stationary (no movement). Be that as it
may, mobility of base stations or sensor nodes or both is
fundamental in specific applications [10]. Thusly, the key
establishment ought to have the capacity to circulate new
keys to moved nodes, permitting them to speak with their
new neighbors. Key era and appropriation for moving
nodes is challenging, since mobility turns into an important
issue, notwithstanding energy and bandwidth.
2. Scalability
The quantity of sensor nodes sent in the sensing area might
in the request of hundreds or even thousands. In addition,
during the entire lifetime of the sensor network, nodes can
join or leave. Along these lines, dynamic key management
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Riddhi J Gandhi et al, Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 7 (1),115-119
arrangements should be adaptable to distinctive network
sizes. In the interim, the security and efficiency highlights
for small networks are required to be kept up when
connected to large ones.
3. Key Connectivity
Key connectivity is characterized as the likelihood that two
nodes (or more) can establish keys subsequent to rekeying.
Nearby network considers the availability between any
pair of neighboring nodes. Conversely, global availability
refers to the availability of the entire system. With a
specific end goal to give security continuously, high key
connectivity after each rekeying procedure is key.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
Abdoulaye diop et al. [1] exhibited an efficient and secure
session key management scheme for cluster-based wireless
sensors networks (esskm). The proposed system taking into
account symmetric key instrument and gives an enhanced
session key foundation by upgrading occasionally the session
key within the cluster and one way hash function and message
authentication code (MAC) are likewise used to give
verification and message honesty; thus it stays away from
different kind of attacks from malignant nodes and mitigates
the node trade off attack.
Huei-wen Ferng et al. [2] With the expanding size of the
WSN, it is important to convey a WSN with numerous base
stations. In this paper, they proposed a key management
protocol for a WSN with numerous base stations to give
comprehensive security over data confidentiality,
authentication, integrity, and availability. An authentication is
finished by neighboring nodes and base stations empower the
sensor node to fabricate the neighboring data and allow base
stations and sensor nodes to modify the directing data once a
suspicious node is identified. The key revocation will be
activated after an agreement of more than a particular number
of an uncompromised neighboring nodes. At long last, the
compromised node is emitted from the network.
Yuying Wang et al. [3] In this paper, they proposed a key per-
distribution scheme in view of numerous key spaces. The
scheme also combines the benefits of BIBD and Blom. On the
premise of Blom, a novel key per-distribution is proposed in
this paper, hybrid BIBD is utilized to relegate key spaces to
every node. By joining Blom and BIBD, this mechanism has
numerous benefits. Firstly, the likelihood of key share in this
scheme is enormously progressed. Besides, this scheme
additionally has the security, meanwhile has great extensibility
and adaptability. It supports dynamic node expansion and
cancellation after beginning organization. At long last, the
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security is enormously enhanced compared with the existing
schemes.
N. Renugadevi et al. [4] This paper introduces a study of three
sorts of group key management in light of the association of
key distribution center, for example, centralized, decentralized
and distributed networks in two sorts of wireless networks, for
example, MANET and WSN. Secure group communication
plays a key role in the group based applications, for example,
video conferencing, virtual classroom in wireless networks.
Cryptographic procedures are utilized to accomplish security
in the MANET and WSN.
R0hit Vaid et al. [5] In this paper, they introduced another
virtual area based key management scheme (VLKM). This
scheme utilized virtual area to produce a round key for each
sensor. The proposed scheme lessens the quantity of
transmissions required for rekeying to maintain a strategic
distance from stale keys. The key utilized as a part of the
encryption transform progressively changes as a lingering's
component virtual vitality of the sensor. Along these lines, an
one-time element key is utilized for one packet just and
dynamic keys are utilized for the progressive packets of the
stream.
Xirong Bao et al. [6] Planning to enhance the capacity of
security and feasibility of wireless sensor networks ,in the
wake of considering the issues of network security, traffic
issues, memory issues and computational complexity issue,
this paper proposes a key management scheme in light of
collection inside of cluster to take care of the issue of poor
scalability, low work efficiency and communication times .
P. Raghu Vamsi et al. [7] In this paper, the creators exhibited a
scientific classification and description of state-of-the-art key
management schemes. Audits and classifications are required
for further research and for distinguishing examination
challenges. In this article, the authors displayed classification
of the most recent advancements in key management in
perspective of different system and security measurements.
TESLA (Timed, Efficient, Streaming, Loss tolerant,
Authentication) is a multicast validation protocol later
enhanced as small scale rendition TESLA for broadcast
authentication. To accomplish scalability, TESLA reached
out as multilevel TESLA.
Jaewoo Choi et al. [8] In this paper, an area based key
management scheme for WSNs has been presented. To take
care of a communication obstruction issue in LDK and
comparative systems, they conceived another key modification
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Riddhi J Gandhi et al, Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 7 (1),115-119
prepare that fuses grid based location data. The creators
exhibited LDK+, which is an enhanced variant of the LDK
scheme. They included key corrections by fusing the
utilization of grid information into the past combining so as to
separate strategy, and they recommended key era the lattice
data. In this manner, they take care of the issue of lacking
quantities of nonce that can happen under the state of
communication interface.
Ata Ullah Ghafoor1 et al. [9] To minimize energy utilization
and enhance system lifetime, this paper introduces a
lightweight XOR based Key Freshness Scheme (XKFS),
which permits reviving the key without inter node message
transmission. A solitary message containing an enchantment
word is transmitted by the group head to its part nodes and
keys are revived utilizing XOR and left move operations.
XKFS just requires a light weight message from an all the
more capable head node and thus, decreases the quantity of
messages traded among part nodes. It likewise lessens the
message size and along these lines helps in decreasing the
transmission cost. In the end, it decreases the communication
overhead and expands the sensor node life.
Xiaobing He et al. [10] In this paper, the authors introduced an
outline of state of the art dynamic key management scheme in
WSNs. With the wide use of WSNs, as one of the principal
security issues, dynamic key management is drawing in more
consideration from the specialists and modern designers and
numerous plans were at that point proposed. At last, a few
conceivable future examination bearings for dynamic key
management are give.
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we exhibited a diagram of the dynamic key
management schemes in WSNs. With the utilization of WSNs,
as one of the essential security issues, dynamic key
management is pulling in more consideration from the
specialists and engineers and numerous schemes were at that
point proposed. We talked about the essential necessities of
dynamic key management in WSNs, overviewed the papers
for these environments and finally, we have condensed it is
impractical to discover one single perfect scheme can perform
well in all assessment measurements as each of them has some
strengths, shortcomings and suitability for particular
circumstances. A definitive goal of this study is to urge more
analysts to plan and enhance potential recommendations in
dynamic key management for wireless sensor networks.
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V. REFERENCES
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and Secure Session Key Management Scheme for
Cluster Based Wireless Sensors Networks" in Springer
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[2] Huei-wen Ferng, Jeffrey Nurhakim," Key Management
for a Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Network" in IEEE,
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[3] Yuying Wang1, Zhongyuan Qin1, Qunfang Zhang2,
Hengkang Wang1 and Jie Huang1," A Key Pre-
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[5] Rohit Vaid and Vijay Katiyar," Vlkm: Virtual Location
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