Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reliability Engineering
QA & RE
CHEG 460
Lecture I & II
UOB Feb 2006
Khalid A Saleh
Quality Assurance & Reliability
Engineering
UOB
Feb 06
• Oxford Dictionary
– The degree of excellence
• ISO 9000
– Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils
requirements.
• Crosby
– Conformance to specification
• Juran
– Fitness for use
• Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS)
– Totality of proper characteristics of performance which are
the objects of estimation to determine whether a product or
service satisfies the purpose of use or not.
1. Reliability 2. Durability
3. Safety 4. Timeliness
5. Accuracy of Facts 6. Responsiveness
7. Courtesy 8. Informative
9. Availability 10. Simple to Understand
11. Efficiency 12. Readiness to Assist
13. Integrity 14. Cleanliness
15. Reasonable Cost 16. Innovative
17. Flexibility 18. Practicality
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Would you do
business with
this firm?
4M Control Point
Good Result
Act Maintain
Poor Result
Analysis of Causes
Countermeasures
Copy right (c) Khalid Saleh Feb 2006 11
Attractive Quality
[2]Backward-Looking Q.= Dissatisfaction Q.
*Defectives *Defects *Flaws
*Failures *Scratches
Natural Quality Copy right (c) Khalid Saleh Feb 2006 13
Aim of Q.C.
Obsolete,
Breakdown
Disadvantageous.
Maintenance
Q. of Planning, Q. of Design,
Q. of Production, Q. of After-Sales Service
Quality of Planning
Concept
Quality of Design
Substitute Quality C.
Specification
Introduction Time
Quality of Order
• Criteria of Evaluation of Quality = Necessity
• Parties concerned:
(1) Distributors
Easy to Load / Unload
Space Factor (Compact or not)
Cost of Transportation
(2) Wholesaler
Easy to Stock
Easy to Exhibit
Easy to Transport
(3) Consumers who don’t have a Car
Easy to carry by hand
Function
⊿=Permissible Error
M=Target Value
C = k ・⊿²
C
M-⊿ M M+⊿ Maker’s
Quality Characteristic ⊿ ⊿ Average
Cost
Copy right (c) Khalid Saleh Feb 2006 22
Quality Loss is proportional to the Squares of the dispersion from the Target Value.
Processing
Production Start
Disposer / Recycling
Distribution Sector
Shipment
Consumers
Administration
Others
Anti-Pollution
Non-Conforming
of Process
Fraction defective
Manufacturer
Copy right (c) Khalid Saleh Feb 2006 23
Way of thinking of Quality Engineering
Selling Point
Copy right (c) Khalid Saleh Feb 2006 25
- Reworked Goods
Defectives
“Go-Straight-Percentage”Copy
ofright95%
(c) Khalidto 100%
Saleh Feb 2006 27
Cost
Shipment
Quality of
Feed Back After-Sales Service
The 7 QC Tools
(1) Cause-and-Effect Diagram
(2) Pareto Diagram
(3) Graphs
(4) Check Sheets
(5) Histogram
(6) Control Charts
(7) Scatter Diagram
What is a Problem ?
A Problem
=The Gap between the Actual Situation
and the Ideal Situation (Objective)
Gap
Problems to be Created
Problems to be Perceived
Top Hidden
Middle Problems
&
Staff Already Occurred
Supervisor Problems
&
Worker
1. Total Concept
2. Statistical Concept
3. Quality Concept
4. Control & Management Concept
5. Improvement Concept
The QC Mindset
[2]Statistical Concept:
(1) Use of QC Tools:
- QC 7 Tools
- QC New 7 Tools
- Other Statistical Techniques
(2) Dispersion Control:
- Pay Attention to Dispersion and
Identify its Causes
The QC Mindset
No.1 Process
No.2 Process
No.3 Process
Recycle
Input Output / Input Process
Disposers
Internal Customer
The QC Mindset
C D
• Procedures for P. C. I.
(1) Identify the Purpose or Usage.
(2) Specify the Quality Characteristic.
(3) Standardize 4 Ms (Causal Factors).
(4) Collect the data.
(5) Make the x (bar)- R Control Chart.
(6) Make the Histogram and calculate the
Process Capability Index.
(7) Judge the Process Capability.
Copy right (c) Khalid Saleh Feb 2006 42
The QC Mindset
• QC begins with
Education and ends with
Education.