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Signal
Processing
ECE 5615 Lecture Notes
Spring 2017
-
e[n] +
20072017
Mark A. Wickert
Chapter 1
Course Introduction/Overview
Contents
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.2 Where are we in the Comm/DSP Curriculum? . . . . 1-4
1.3 Instructor Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.4 The Role of Computer Analysis/Simulation Tools . . . 1-6
1.5 Required Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1.6 Statistical Signal Processing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
1.7 Course Syllabus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1.8 Mathematical Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
1.9 Engineering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
1.10 Random Signals and Statistical Signal Processing in
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
1-1
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
1.1 Introduction
Course perspective
Course syllabus
Instructor policies
Required background
http://www.eas.uccs.edu/wickert/ece5615/
Grading is done on a straight 90, 80, 70, ... scale with curving
below these thresholds if needed
1
https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/
The intent of this course is not entirely aligned with the text
topics, as this course is also attempting to fill the void left
by Random Signals, Detection and Extraction of Signals from
Noise, and Estimation Theory and Adaptive Filtering
Required Monson H. Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, John
Texts: Wiley, 1996.
Optional H.L. Van Trees, K.L. Bell, and Z. Tian, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation
Texts: Theory, Part I, 2nd. ed., Wiley, 2013. Steven Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical
Signal Processing, Vol I: Estimation Theory, Vol II: Detection Theory, Vol III:
Practical Algorithm Development, Prentice Hall, 1993/1998. ISBN-978-0-13-
345711-7/978-0-13-504135-2/978-0-13-280803-3.
Optional Scientific Python (PyLab) via the Jupyter QT console or the Jupyter notebook
Software: (http://ipython.org/ install.html). Jupyter Notebook is highly recommended. A
Linux Virtual machine is available with all the needed tools. The ECE PC Lab
also has the Python and the Jupyter notebook installed. If needed the full ver-
sion of MATLAB for windows (release 2016b) is also in the lab.
Grading: 1.) Graded homework assignments and computer projects worth 55%.
2.) Midterm exam (takehome) worth 20%.
3.) Final exam with computer sim problems (takehome) worth 25%.
Formulate
Hypothesis
Define Experiment to
Test Hypothesis
Physical Modify
or Simulation of Model
Process/System
Observations Predictions
Sufficient No
Agreement?
All Aspects
No
of Interest
Investigated?
Stop
2
Alberto Leon-Garcia, Probability and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering,
Estimation
and Filtering Information
Signal Theory
Processing
;ommunication
!elia2ility = >ireless
!andom Signals
and Systems
:inear
Systems
Bthers
Pro2a2ility
!andom
Aaria2les
Statistics
Decision
Theory
9ame Mathematics
Theory
Probability
Random variables
Random (stochastic) processes
Input (utput
"!
! !
Binary !
Channel !
Model
" "
"!
! = Error!Pro-a-ility
Binary Received
Information Binary Information
Coder Channel Decoder
Communication!System!with!Error!Control
The decoder then decides which bit was sent by using a major-
ity vote decision rule
The system can tolerate one channel bit error without the de-
coder making an error
P .2 bit errors/ D .1 / C .1 /
C .1 / D 3 2.1 /
P .3 errors/ D D 3
Pe .symbol/ D 3 2 2 3
T s = Average Service
Time
Separate
7ustomers Servers
*ueues
!
:andom
Arrivals at ! " Departing
per unit time 7ustomers
,exponentially
...
distriAuted4
m
:ate
Assume customers T s = Average Service
!!m Time
randomly picE Fueues
(ne long serviceBtime customer
forces those Aehind into a long -ait
TQSQ m m
D D
Ts m Ts m u
function Ec = erlang_c(m,u);
% Ec = erlangc(m,u)
%
% The Erlang-C formula
%
% Mark Wickert 2001
s = zeros(size(u));
for k=0,
s = s + u.^k/factorial(k);
end
Ec = (u.^m)/factorial(m)./(u.^m/factorial(m) + (1 - u/m).*s);
>> % m = 2 case
>> u = 0:.05:1.9;
>> m = 2;
>> Tqsq = m./(m - u);
>> Tqcq = erlang_c(m,u)./(m-u) + 1;
>> % m = 4 case
>> u = 0:.05:3.9;
>> m = 4;
>> Tqsq = m./(m - u);
>> Tqcq = erlang_c(m,u)./(m-u) + 1;
&
*
m,# Separate
%
)
TQ
!!!!!!! $
Ts
(
Common
#
'
!
! !"# !"$ !"% !"& ' '"# '"$ '"% '"& #
Traffic Intensity = !T s
)
m,'
( Separate
#
TQ
!!!!!!! '
Ts
&
% Common
$
!
! !"# $ $"# % %"# & &"# '
Traffic Intensity = !T s
p 1
X
xc .t / D 2Pc cos 2f0t C 2fd ang.t nTb /
nD 1
where
r
1 2 t 1
g.t / D erf BTb
2 ln 2 Tb 2
r
2 t 1
C erf BTb C
ln 2 Tb 2
ECE 5615/4615 Statistical Signal Processing 1-19
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
The GMSK shaping factor is BTb D 0:3 and the bit rate is
Rb D 1=Tb D 270:833 kbps
>;
Spectral Density 5d78
9>;
P fraction
9=;
9<;
9:; B
9@;
9?;
9:;; 9<;; 9=;; 9>;; ; >;; =;; <;; :;;
Fre$uency in +H-
!&)
Fractional Po1er
!&(
B = 200 kHz ! 95.6%
!&' B = 100 kHz ! 67.8%
B = 50 kHz ! 38.0%
!&$
!
! "! #!! #"! $!! $"! %!!
*F -and1idth in 5H7
A!Two!Hypothesis px ( X H0 ) px ( X H1 )
Scenario
VT
X
1 0 V1 1 V V+1
px ! X H1 "
VT P D # Pr ! x # v T H 1 "
X
!1 0 V!1 1 V V"1
Area corresponding to PD
px ! X H0 "
P F # Pr ! x # v T H 0 "
VT
X
!1 0 V!1 1 V V"1
Area corresponding to PF
PM PM
Pulse Scope
PM PM
Generator
Modulator Demodulator
Baseband Baseband
Random Re
Number
Im
Real-Imag to
Scope1 Complex
Random
Number1
Check Signal
1 U( : ) num(z) ts(1)(z)
Attributes Im(u) Kv 1
den(z) 1-z -1
Discrete Integrator
Discrete
K u Modulo
Integrator
Ph
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Estimate at 20 dB
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Estimate at 0 dB
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time
Input/output waveforms
ri D A C ni ; i D 1; : : : ; N
N
1 X
H) aO ml D Ri
N i D1
No Bias!
Transmitter Uplink
Channel
Mod.
Data PSK Modulation Bandpass HPA
Source Mod Impairments Filtering (TWTA)
Transponder Downlink
Channel
Bandpass HPA
Mod.
Filtering (TWTA)
Receiver
PSK Demod
Bandpass Adaptive Recovered
Mod.
Z Phase noise
Other Z Spurious PM
Signals Z Incidental AM
Z Spurious outputs
M2 Tap
Real
Decision
FIR
Feedback
M1 Tap + -
Recovered
Complex Re 2 I Data
FIR
Adapt +
Tap CM Error/ Mode DD Error/
Weight LMS Update LMS Update -
Soft I/Q outputs Update
from demod at
sample rate = 2Rs
CM, DD CM Error/ DD Error/ -
DF, LMS Update LMS Update
+
M1 Tap Recovered
Complex Im z-1 2 Q Data
FIR + -
Stagger for
OQPSK, omit Decision
Feedback M2 Tap
for QPSK
Real
FIR
5
Mark Wickert, Shaheen Samad, and Bryan Butler. An Adaptive Baseband Equalizer for High
Data Rate Bandlimited Channels, Proceedings 2006 International Telemetry Conference, Session
5, paper 065-03.
1 1
0.5 0.5
Quadrature
Quadrature
0 0
0.5 0.5
1 1
1.5 1.5
1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Inphase Inphase
3
10
Probability of Bit Error
4
10
5
10
Theory EQ NO EQ
6
10
4.0 dB 8.1 dB
7
10
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Eb/N0 (dB)