TUGASAN JIF 103 PHYSICS 1

1. NAMA PENUH : MUHAMMAD IQWAN BIN MUSTAFFA AZZAHRI

MATRIK : JP/9904/16

NO. K/P : 920714-07-5461

1.

a) A passenger in a bus moving at 201 passes by a stationary observer at t = 0 s. Thirty

seconds after the bus passed by, the observer sees a bird at a distance 700 m from him
flying in the same direction as the bus.

i) What is the position of the bird according to the bus passenger?

At t = 30s,
distance bird = 700m
bus speed = 20 1

=
20 1 30 = 600 between bus passenger and observer
700 600 = 100 Bird is 100m in front of the bus passenger

ii) If 5 s after the first measurement, the observer sees the bird at a distance of 740 m from
him, what is the speed of the bird according to the observer and the bus passenger?

t = 30s Speed t = 35s

Bus 600 700
20 1

According to
the observer Bird 700 ( = 35 ) 740
( = 30)
= 40

40
= 8 1
5

Difference 700 600 8 1 20 1 740 700

between Bird = 100 = 12 1 = 40
and Bus
Passenger

According to the observer, the speed of the bird is 8 1 while the speed of the bird
according to the bus passenger is 12 1 which means slower than speed of the bus.

b) With appropriate diagram, explain the Michelson-Morley experiment and its

significance.
In 1887, Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley was set up an experiment which aimed
to measure the speed of light in two different reference frames with motion of an observer
through the ether.
Based on the diagram, they used two beams of light sources that was split into L1 and L2
and recombined. The L1 = L2 = L.
A different number of wavelengths being traveled by the light will be resulted if the velocity
of the light in one of the directions are greater due to the relative motion of the ether
reference frame.

2
2 = + =
+ 2
(1 )
2
2
1 = + =
2 + 2 2 2 2
1 [ ]

1 2 2
=
1 2 2

This experiment was resulted that no variation in light intensity was observed. This mean
that the light which travel to L1 was arriving at the observer with same time relative to light
which going to patch L2, [1 = 2 ]. On the end of the experiment, they concluded that the
motion of the earth with respect to the ether is cannot detected since no fringe shift cant
be detected although the experiment was repeated many times.
The significance of this experiment, it was leading as a clue to special relativity as proposal
of length of an object moving at speed v contract along the direction of travel by factor
2
1 [ ] .

2. With appropriate illustration/equation (if any), give your comments on the truthfulness of
the following statements:

a) Live in the fast lane. You can slow the ageing and stay slim.

For my understanding, live in the fast lane cant slow the ageing and stay slim.
In general only military airplanes can reach a maximum supersonic speed
694.44 1 . So in the fast lane may not effective as speed near to the speed of light.
In theoretical of time dilation, the effect of relativity increases exponentially as the
objects velocity v that are near to the speed of light c.
1
=
2
1 []

Speed of light, c Effect

25% 1.03
50% 1.15
75% 1.51
99% 7.09

b) An astronomer on earth sees a meteor hit the Moon at exactly the same time as he sees a
solar flare erupt on the sun. The solar flare and the meteor impact are simultaneous events
in the astronomers reference frame.

This statement is true because according to special theory of relativity, the interval
measurement is depending on the reference frame in which the measurement is made.

= =
2 2
1 2 1 2

c) Photon can change into an electron and a positron.

Yes its true. This phenomenon is called as Pair Production process. The high energy photon
that has energy (E=hv) loses its entire energy when collides with nucleus which then creates
a pair of electron and positron with kinetic energy both particles.
Basically, its ruled by three law of conservation that is total energy, momentum, and
electric charge.

= + + = (0 2 + ) + (0 2 + + ) = 20 2 + + +

d) Momentum equation is always the same since Einstein postulate states that the law of
physics is the same in all inertial reference frames.

No, it isnt. Actually momentum have different equations that is Newtonian Momentum and
Relativistic Momentum.

(), = () ()
This resulting in a prediction that the speed of light can vary from one reference frame to
another.
mo
, = mo =
2
1 [ ]

In special relativity, Einsteins hypothesized that all physical phenomena including
electromagnetic should valid regardless of its inertial reference frame, that means constant
velocity relative to one another with all moving coordinate frames. And this was resulting that
the speed of light to be constant regardless of inertial reference frame.
 3. A drone passes by you.

a) If you measures its length to be 6 m long and speed 0.5c, will you be able to park it in a 6.5
m hangar? Justify your answer.

2 1
=
= 1 2 = 2
1[]

L = 6m Lo = ? v = 0.5c

1
= 6 2
1[0.5]

6
= = 6.93
0.75

The drone cant be park in a 6.5m hangar because its actual length is 6.93m which is absolutely
does not fit in the 6.5m hangar.

b) Is it possible for 20 s to elapse on the drones watch when 10 s has passed on yours? Justify
your answer.

= 2
T = 10s (Time measured by stationary observer)
12

T = ?? (Time measured by moving objects)

v = 0.5c

2
= . 1 2

0.5 2
= 10 1 [ ]

= 10 0.75
= 8.66
= 10
= 8.66
Based on the justification above, its impossible for 20s to elapse on the drones watch when 10s has
passed on me because the actual time is on the drones watch is 8.66s.
4. An electron is accelerated from rest to a speed of 0.995c.

a) Determine the rest energy of the electron.

1 = 1.6 1019
Rest Mass of electron = 9.11 1031
c, speed of light = 3 108 1

me 2 = (9.11 1031 ) (3 108 1 )2

= 8.2 1014
1
= 8.2 1014
1.6 1019
= 0.511 106
= 0.511 MeV

The rest energy of electron by fact is me 2 = 0.511MeV.

b) Give your comments with justification to the following statements:

i) The electron rest energy is equal to its total energy.

The electron rest energy is equal to its total energy is the condition where the particle is at
rest, the relativistic momentum p = 0.

2 = 2 2 + ( 2 )2

2 = (02 ) 2 + (me 2 )2

2 = (me 2 )2

= m e 2

= me 2
m e 2
=
2
1 [ ]

 0.511 106
=
2
1 [0.995]

0.511 106
=
1 [0.995]2

= 5.11 106 = 5.11

Electron rest energy = Total energy

5.11 = 0.511
10 (0.511) = 0.511
Electrons total energy is equal to tenth times of its rest energy.

ii) The mass of the accelerated electron decreases with speed because its mass has been
changed into kinetic energy.

The mass of the accelerated electron will decrease when speed is increase due to effect of
kinetic energy. When an electron is accelerated from rest to a speed of 0.995, its rest mass
9.11 1031 will decrease to 9.073 1031 and changed to relativistic kinetic
energy with energy 8.16 1031 .

me ((3 108 )2 )
5.11 =
2
1 [0.995]

0.995 2
[(5.11 106 ) (1.6 1019 )] (1 [
] )
me =
((3 108 )2 )
= 9.07 1031

= me 2 = 5.11 0.511 = 4.6

me 2
= me 2 = 2
1[]

 2
me ((3 108 ) )
4.6 = 2
1[0.995]

0.995 2
[(4.6 106 ) (1.6 1019 )] (1[
] )
me = ((3 108 )2)

= 8.16 1031

iii) The momentum of the accelerated electron increases only due to its increasing speed.

This statement is absolutely true because in this case, relativistic momentum is directly
proportional to relative velocity and Lorentz factor, . If only its relative velocity increase
will affect to the increasing of momentum .
me
, = me = 2
1[]

(9.11 1031 )(0.995 (3 108 1 ))

= 2
1[0.995]

(9.11 1031 ) (8.95516 1 )

= 2
1[0.995]

= 2.723 1021 1

1 1 = 5.36 1022 1

1 1
= 2.723 1021 1
5.36 1022 1

= 5.08 1