STD-AGMA SOU-F-ENGL 19% MM 0687575 OOO4097 89) AGMA 900-F96 (Revision of ‘AGMA 900-E95) AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION ———_—_—_—__—___ Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards, Information Sheets, and Editorial Manuals AGMA 900-F96 AGMA INFORMATION SHEET (CThis Information Sheet is NOT an AGMA Standard) Copyright by the American Gear Manufacturers Association iD m6STD-AGMA SO0-F-ENGL L995 MM 0b87575 0004058 728 mw American ‘Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards, Information Sheets, and Gear Editorial Manuals 900-F96 Manufacturers “OMA Associ ‘CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improve- ‘ment, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers toany ‘AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tlabies or other sett-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit ines should read: Extracted from’ AGMA 900-F96, Style Manual for the Preparation of ‘Standards, Information Sheets, and Editorial Manuals, with the permission of the Publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314). Approved October 28, 1996 ABSTRACT This information sheet is a compilation of the AGMA and ISO editorial style manuals, Published by ‘American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright © 1996 by American Gear Manufacturers Association 'No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior ‘witlen permission ofthe publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-88589-882-0 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA 900-F-ENGL LA9b MM 0b87575 OOD4059 bb4 me AGMA 900-F96 Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Reference documents 1 3° Responsiblties .. 7 1 4 Format of AGMA standards 2 5 General style 9 6 Special AGMA policies 12 Tables 1. Typical application factors, Cy and Ke ...ssseseeeeeeee 8 Figures 1 Sample cover with tite... 3 2 Sample copyright page with abstract . 4 3° Sample table of contents 5 4 Sample foreword page .. 6 85 lustraion wih bath conventional (nonmstrc) and metic units 10 Annexes ‘A. Checklist for committee editorial coordinators . 14 B Proofreaders’ marks... . 15 © Functions of the AGMA Staff... 17 D_ Symbols used in AGMA documents 18 E ISO symbols used in metric documents .. 23 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGNA SOO-F-ENGL 2996 MM Ob87575 OOOW1O0 10b mm ‘AGMA 900-F96 Foreword ‘The Technical Division Executive Committee (TDEC) of the American Gear Manufacturers ‘Association (AGMA) has approves use ofthis style manual by all technical committees and the AGMA staff during the preparation and production of all AGMA publications. Since this manual has been preparedin accordanice with the requirements set forth, ithas the same appearance as @ properly prepared document regarding numbering, equations, ilustrations, and references. The regulations governing committee activities, preparation of standards, organization of the ‘Technical Division and the review and approval process are detailed in the AGMA Policy and Practice Guides. Committee chairmen, committee members, and others concerned with standards preparation and review are urged to become familiar with the appropriate Policy land Practice Guides and with this manual in order to facilitate the entite process of preparation and review of standards ‘This editorial manual complies with the American National Standards institute (ANSI) Style Manual to the extent practical. It also uses the rules for drafting and presentation of the International Standards Organization (ISO) if they coincide with or enhance the ANSI ‘Manual. illustrations, examples and terminology have been substituted for those in the ANSI ‘Manual in order to provide information more appropriate to the gearing industry. In addition, the special policies clause cites specific AGMA policies and practices as relating to preparation of AGMA technical literature, The first edition ofthis style manual was revised into AGMA 900-B87 in September 1987. ‘The next revision, AGMA 900-C89, incorporated changes to the clauses on references and bibliography as approved by the TDEG on October 10, 1989. The revised AGMA 800-Ds2 was changed to follow the ANSI style manual which, in turn, was based on the ISO style ‘manual. it was approved by the TDEC on September 17, 1992. It was changed further, on September 8, 1995, to reflect changes in the ANSI and ISO style manuals. italso is updated for Policy and Practice guide changes and the directions of the TDEC. ‘This edition has been changed by the addition of ISO TC.60 document symbols toannexcE. It ‘was approved by the TDEC on October 28, 1996. ‘Suggestions for changes or improvements to this manual will be welcome. Address such comments to the Menager, Technical Division at AGMA Headquerters. Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA 900-F-ENGL 1996 MM 0b87575 0004101 O42 Mm AGMA 900-F96 American Gear Manufacturers Association - Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards, Information Sheets, and Editorial Manuals 1 Scope This style manual establishes the requirements for the preparation of American Gear Manufacturers {Association (AGMA) standards, information sheets, editorial manuals, and other technical literature. The style and format of AGMA technica literature is covered by this manual. All technical committee ‘and staff personnel should use this manual in the preparation of AGMA technica tereture drafts. The guidelines in this manual are presented to enable personnel working on AGMA drafts to produce standards and information sheets that are uniform, easily used by the reader, and that can be easily processed through the review and printing processes. ‘A check list, edit marking methods, and symbol guidance are provided in the annexes to assist the editorial personnel in review of a draft 2 Reference documents ‘The following documents contain provisions which, ‘through reference in this text, constitute provisions, ofthe manual. Aithe time of publication, the editions were valid, All publications are subject to revision, ‘and the users of this manual are encouraged to investigate the possibilty of applying the most recent editions of the publications listed: = ANSV/AGMA 1012-F90, Gear Nomencia- ture, Definitions of Terms with Symbols; = AGMA 904-889, Metric Usage; = _ ANSI Style manuel - for preparation of pro posed American National Standards, Eighth Edi ‘ton, Version 1.0 9/1/91 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 3 Responsibilities To produce a professional document which is technically accurate requires certain responsibili- ties of both the technical committee and AGMA. Headquarters staff. Each snall be aware of the ‘other's responsibilities and should assist the other inthe edit process whenever possible. 3.1 Technical committees. ‘Technical committees are responsible for providing AGMA Headquarters with complete, technically accurate drafts that meet the requirements of this manual for content, arrangement and legibility. Whenever possible, initial drafts of documents or portions of documents should be provided to AGMA Headquarters on an IBM-PC compatible computer diskette. The preferred format is ASCII (DOS) text, although other formats are sometimes acceptable. Conformance with the requirements for abbrevia- tions, symbols, numbering system, and the style for special elements is especially important. Since drafts in the development stage often undergo several revisions and pass through many hands before a final version is approved, AGMA. requires that each committee appoint an editorial coordinator. This individual is responsible for ensuring that the draft includes all committee approved revisions. The coordinator should review each draft before itis submitted to Headquarters to ensure that it meets the requirements of this manual, The coordinator shall assembie all ‘changes, additions, and corrections to the draft as. approved by the committee and the Chairman before submitting each draft to Headquarters ‘or word processing. NOTE: The draft thats supplied by Headquarters is the official draft. The offical draft contains a banner at the top of each pago, stating, ‘This s preliminary infor ‘mation and MAY NOT be applied or cited in any man- rer,” and a soeened banner with the words ‘PRELIMINARY DRAFT" printed diagonally across ‘each page. The status of the draft is indicated as Working draft, Committes draft, or Ballot draft along with the standard number and date. In making changes, the editorial coordinator shall mark In red directly on the official Headquarters, draft. See annex for the correct method of marking ‘corrections or making inserts, In no case shall the draft be retyped. Reetyping makes it very difficult for Headquarters to determine the changes that haveSTD-AGMA SQU-F-ENGL 199b MM 0647575 OOO4LO2 TA9 am ‘AGMA 900-F96 been made to the text. lengthy changes or inserts are required, they should be on the back of, or attached to, the page to be changed. ‘The editorial coordinator should serve as the only liaison between the committee and AGMA Head. quarters editorial staff and should be available to answer questions on drafts submitted ‘The Committee Chairman may also act as editorial ‘coordinator but itis normally not recommended. 3.2 AGMA statt ‘The AGMA support staff will proofread the revised working draft to ensure that requested changes have been properly introduced into the offical text, NOTE: Committees are responsible for technical con- tont ofa document. Staff shal edit for style, grammar, clarity, and consistency emong standards, but shall ‘not change meaning or intent. Staff will assist committe personnel in the development of technical literature by offering style and editorial comments throughout all stages of development, balloting, and printing. 4 Format of AGMA standards All AGMA standards shall use SI Chard” metric) dimensions and units of measure. A parallel 3.0 in (76 mm) 2 Maximum materials factor for center distances < 8.0 in (76 mm) .. Annexes A Service factor information B User recommendations . © Formulas for rating factors «... Figure 3 - Sample table of contents. 4. Foreword ‘Supply a foreword that includes a briet history of he development of the standard, a description of its purpose ang, ifitis @ revision, the principal changes incorporated since the last issue. See figure 4. Since, by AGMA policy, the foreword is not part of the standard, it shall begin with this statement: “The foreword, footnotes and annexes in this document Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 ‘are provided for informational purposes only and are not tobe construed to be @ part of (add number and title of standard).” Elicit comments on the standard by adding this statement at the end of the foreword: “Suggestions. for the improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the American. Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314."STD-AGHA S00-F-ENGL 3996 MM OS7575 OOO4LOb bed AGMA 900-F96 Foreword [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, are provided for informational purposes only and Should not be construed as a part of American Gear Menufecturers Association 6034-B92, Practice for Enclosed Cylindrical Wormgear Speed Reducers and Gearmotors.) The purpose of this document Is to provide rating and general design specifications for enclosed speed reducers incorporating cylindrical wormgearing in single or multiple reductions. It covers types of speed reducer designs mast commonly made by a number of ‘manufacturers. ‘The formulas presented in this standard contain terms whose Indviduel values can vary significantly depending on application, system effects, accuracy, and manufacturing method. Proper evaluation ofthese terms is essential for realistic rating. The knowledge and judgment required to properly evaluate the various rating factors come primarily trom years of ‘accumulated experiencein designing, testing, manufacturing, and operating similar gear unit. The detailed treatment of the general rating formulas for specific product applications is best ‘accomplished by those experienced In the fel ‘AGMA 6034-A87 was @ revision cf AGMA 440.04 - 1971, andin addition contained information ‘or cylindrical wormgear holiow output shaft speed reduoers and for cylindrical wormgear gearmotors previously contained in AGMA 442.01 - 1965 and 461.01 ~ 1966. These two ‘standards have been withdrawn, ‘AGMA 6094-A87 power rating formulas wore unchanged from those provided in the now witherawn AGMA 440.04 - 1971 ‘Service factors which appeared in AGMA 440.04 and 461.01 were revised and placed in the ‘annex rather than the body of AGMA 6034~A87. These factors for modification of basic power ratings have been determined through experience, and are intended as a guide. Suggested ‘service factors for various applications were shown in Appercix A cf AGMA 6034~AB7 as an ‘additional aig, A dratt ot AGMA 6004-87 was made in October 1982, and that version was approved by the ‘AGMAmembership in October 1987. In March 1988 it was approved as an American National Stangard. AGMA6034-892is a revision of AGMA.6034-A87 which updates lubricent recommendations, removes bronze specifications by refering to AGMA 2004-899, Gear Materials and Heat Treatment Manual, and includes other minor editorial changes. ‘AGMA 6034-892 was approved as a revision by the AGMA membership in October, 1991. ‘Suggestions forthe improvement o this standard willbe welcome. They should be sent tothe ‘American Gear Manufacturers Associaton, 1500 King Street, Sule 201, Alexandra, Virginia. 22314) Figure 4 - Sample foreword page 4.1.8 Committee list NOTE: Committee mombershp is established in ac: ‘cordance with the AGMA Policy and Practice Guide Each AGMA standard shall contain a list of 7 ‘committee members, including the member's 6 Scope company or affiliation. The committee chairman shall be listed first, followed by the vice chairman. Active and associate members will be listed Separately and alphabetically. The designation of active or associate member will be determined in accordance with the appropriate Policy and Practice Guide of the Association at the time of general ballot. Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association fi Dee 29 17.242 2006 The scope should be a brief statement of the ‘material included in the standard, Unless it is ‘obvious, the scope shall also state what is not included. The scope of the document shall not ‘exceed the scope of the committee without the approval of the Technical Division Executive ‘Committee (TEC)STD-AGNA S00-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 0004107 SiO mm 4.1.7 Normative references Other standards shall be referenced, rather than quoted or repeated". This avoids transcriptional errors and maintains consistency. ‘Any reference documents that are necessary for proper application of the standard (normally AGMA. Standards) shallbe listed with thelr number, tle and publication date. Reference documents should be listed following the scope, only if they are incorporated in the text in such a way as to make them indispensable for the application of the standard. ‘The list shall be introduced by the following wording: “The following standards (documents) contain provisions which, through reference in this text, Constitute provisions of this standard (document) Atthe time of publication, the editions were valid. All standards (documents) are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this standard (document) are encouraged to investigate the possibilty of applying the most recent editions ofthe standards (documents) indicated below.” ‘The list shall not include documents which are not available or approved or those which are intended. ‘only as informative references. Such documents can be listed in a bibliography annex. 4.1.8 Symbols and terminology ‘Symbols and their meanings should be consistent throughout all AGMA technical literature. Include a table of all variable symbols used in mathematical ‘equations along with the terminology associated with each. The table should also list the units of the variable, where itis first used and where it is first referenced, See annexes D and for symbol selection 4.1.9 Definitions IHthe standard contains terms with special technical ‘meanings that are unique to the standard or in the field, provide a definition clause. Coordinate definitions with those in other AGMA standards. AGMA 900-F96 Arrange them in alphabetical order without ‘subclause numbers and do not capitalize unless, as in proper names, capitalization is mandatory. Lengthy groupings of definitions may be arranged in technical, rather than alphabetical, sequence. This clause shall contain the following note NOTE: The symbols and definitions used in this stan- dard may citfer from other AGMA Standards. The us- ers should assure themselves that they fully Understand the terms, definitions, end symbols as contained in this standard 4.1.10 Text clauses ‘The technical content of the text clauses, including accuracy, adequacy, and completeness is the responsibility of the technical committee. All Information in the body of the standard should be substantiated and supported with documentation. 42 Tables Certain data is better presented as a table. Tables are used where similar data for more than one item Is to be presented. Tables can provide a clear and ‘concise way of presenting a large amount of data in a small space. 4.2.1 Formal table: Formal tables may be of one or two columnsin width ‘and may be either upright or turned $0 degrees on the page. Placement will be determined by the total width of the table. Turn page tables shall be placed so that the top of the table is to the left hand side, ‘when the page is upright. Tables are numbered consecutively for ease of reference. The table number is followed by the title {and is centered above the table. Formal tables ar surrounded with a box. Vertical and horizontal lines, will separate the parts of a table. Terms, but not units, in table headings are bolded. Table 1 is an ‘example of a typical table. Tables of more than one page are marked with the words “continued” and ‘concluded’ as needed. The ttle appears on only the first page, but the table ‘number appears on all pages. ‘Was required by ISO Directive - Part 3, Drafting and Presentation of international Standards, 1989, 4.4, p. 34. Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA S00-F-ENGL 1996 MM ObS7575 OOO4L08 477 Mm AGMA 900-F96 ‘Table 1 - Typical application factors,”) Gand Ky “Application factor | Driven equipment CuK 1.25 | Uniformiy loaded conveyors Pure liquid mixers Centrifugal compressors Rotary or centrifugal pumps 1.50 | Non-uniformly fed conveyors Variable density mixers Lobe compressors Reciprocating pumps 1.75 |Multi-cylinder reciprocating com- ressors Rubber extruders 2.0 _| Reciprocating conveyors ‘Single-cylinder reciprocating ‘compressors, Laundry washers NOTE: "Taken from appendix Act 6), for gearing driven by electric oF hydraulic mators. 422 Informal tables Informal tables are simple tabulations that do not ‘exceed four or five lines in depth and can be setin a single-column width. These tables do not require a caption or a number but must be placed immediately following the paragraph in which they are referenced. Example: Case hardness minimum Material (HBC) ¢RISN) 4140 Type 48 85 4340 Type 46 24 EN40B Type 58 eo ENA0C Type 58 89 4.2.3 Units of measure When units are required, they should be placed below the title, if appropriate, or as part of the column headings. The units of measure shall be Consistent in each column. Do not combine fect with inches, seconds with minutes, or milimeters with micrometers. Units of measure should be given in parentheses in column headings. Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 4.2.4 Notes and footnotes Employ superscript numbers or letters to reference footnotes to tables, unless confusion would result In that case, use symbols such as an asterisk. Place footnote reference indicators on the table beginning at the upper left and extending across the table and downward, row by row. 43 Figures ‘Appropriate figures shall be included with all dratts of standards, Sketches shall be legible and understandable, In comment and ballot drafts, illustrations shall be sufficiently clear that they can be redrawn by an illustrator without interpretation, It is normally better to have several figures, then to put too much data on one. Whenever possible, figures should be submitted to AGMA Headquarters on an IBM-PC compatible computer diskette, Preferred formats include HPGL plotter files and common CAD languages. 4.4 Mathematical style Equations shall be expressed in mathematically correct form with various quantities being repre- sented by symbols. Equations and mathematica expressions shall use only appropriate symbols ‘rom applicable AGMA standards. New symbols shall be created in accordance with policy approved by the TDEC (see annex D) Equations shall be indented 0.17 inch from the left hand margin. Symbols shall be explained immedi- ately following the equation in which they are first used (as well as in the main symbols table). The word where" is used to introduce the list of symbos ‘and shall be positioned flush with the left hand column. The descriptions shall be indented under the introductory “where”, For working drafts where dual equations are shown, metric equations will be set in smaller type and indented 0.34 inch when both conventional and ‘metric units are used, in which case the following statement is included in the symbols clause: “Where equations require a change in format or a constant for use with SI (metric) units, the metric, expressionis shown following the conventional one, in smaller type, indented, and with a capital "M" included in its number’STD-AGHA TOO-F-ENGL 1996 MM@ Ob87575 OO04109 333 mm ‘The format for inserting equations in the text (when. both conventional and metric forms are used) is as follows: (14) (14M) $0 (0) Is pressure angle at outside diameter; N@__ isnumber of teeth; $09) _ is profile angle; Dy (de) is outside diameter, in. inches (millimeters), 4.4.1 As tar as possible any symbols and equations ‘which would involve printing an extra line of type shall be avoided. Examples: a) Dimax is proferable to D: max ) In the text, a/b i preferable to S ©) Ina displayed formula, it would be better to use 0.50N + 190] sin(0.5) 0.5N8) than 4.4.2 To facilitate the reading of numbers, and when, counting from the decimal point toward the lett, digits shall be separated into groups of three. The (groups should be separated by a space, not by a comma, It is not necessary to add a space to numbers containing only four digits. I the magnitude ofthe number is less than unity, the decimal sign should be preceded by a zero (e.g. 0.18, not .15). No space should separate digits places to the right of the decimal sign. Examples: 73722 123372 4756 (0.1934 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 AGMA 900-F96 4.4.3 A multiplication sign (X), rather than a point, shall be used to indicate multiplication of numerical values, Example Write 1.8 X 10% (not 1.8 * 10° or 18.10%) 4.4.4 To express numbers of items (as opposed to numerical values of physical quantities), the numerals one to nine shall be spelled out. Examples = Use two test coupons, each 0.625 inches (16 mm) in diameter by 2 inches long; ~ There are 19 teeth on the pinion. 5 General style 5.1 Numbering system Numbering of parts of the text and of tabies and tlustrations is intended for ease of reference within the document. 5.1.1 Text ‘An AGMA Standard may contain clauses, ‘subclauses, paragraphs, subparagraphs, and unnumbered paragraphs. Clauses are numbered with @ single Arabic number. Subclauses are numbered with two Arabic numbers separated by a period, while paragraphs and subparagraphs use three and four Arabic numbers respectively, each separated by a petiod. Wherever adcitional paragraphing Is necessary under tho same heading, unnumbered paragraphs should be used. Subdivision beyond four Arabic numbers shall be avoided; material can normally be reorganized to avoid cumbersome numbering. 6.1.2 Lists and procedural steps Lists have a left margin of 0.17 inch. Items in a ist will be preceded by a dash. Each item inthe list wil conclude with a semicolon except the last item which will end with a period. Procedural steps within the text shall be preceded with a lower case letter followed by a closing parenthesis, ‘When itis necessary to have sublists within a list or procedural step, the sublist shall be indented 0.34 inch. No more then one list or set of procedural steps shall be used within a paragraph or ‘subparagraph,STD-AGMA SO0-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 OOO4l30 OSS mm AGMA 900-F96 5.1.3 Equations When a standard contains several displayed equations, they shall be numbered in sequence. ‘The number shall be placed within parentheses that are preceded with three dots; e.g. *.. (21)". 5.1.4 Figures Figures in AGMA Standards are numbered consecutively and preceded by the word “figure” . Figures in annexes are numbered consecutively within each annex with Arabicnumbers, the number being preceded by the capital letter designator for a particular annex. Where possible, metric values should be included Cn the same illustration as nonmetric, see figure 5. 5.1.5 Tables Tables are numbered consecutively. Tables in ‘annexes are numbered consecutively with Arabic ‘fumbers within each annex, the number being preceded by the letter designator for that annex. 5.1.6 Referencing numbers in text The numbering system described in this manual provides for easy referencing. Where references are needed, use the following forms. ‘When referring to an entire clause, use the word lause” and the number. Example: See clause 5. Do not use the terms subclause, paragraph or subparagraph when referring to these elements; use only the number. Example: See 6.1.6 Normal diametral pitch, Pas om wee7 eS 4 3 2 : me Effective case depth is defined as depth’ " Of case which has a minimum hardness enn ors HAC. 60 ‘Total case depth to core carbon is ap- 0.200 prosimatey 15x offHeavy case doh £ 3.0 a 0.100 . 20 € 0070 8.0 |_ Norma caso dept ou g i oe 0.090 os 4G 0.020 E = ox Tiepelaes eed ory shown on the case = oS op aives te obo uasd wo gudes Fel 9.049 sean hh emanates 02 Bere edesenstsci 1] Beceaieeeatrg.cnssencsenttg[ 0.007 Light case depth cranes ral sete, Mepeteten taal aes incase ioe reece] 0-008 O41 id be a matter of agreement be- | ee 7 DE Te es Normal modu, m Figure 5 ~ Illustration with both conventional (nonmetric) and metric units AA figure or table shall be referred to with the word “figure” or ‘table’, followed by the number. Examples: See figure 11, see table 12 10 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 All figures and tables shall be positioned in the document in the same order in which they areSTD-AGMA SQQ-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob8?7575 OOO422 To) mm referenced. Figures and tables shall be placed as ‘s00n after the frst reference as is practical ‘When referencing standards in text, use the number, including that portion of the number which indicates the revision (see4.1.7) without date if separate from revision. In the reference clauses and bibliography annexes, documents should be listed in accordanoe with accepted bibliographical practice. The listing should include author's name (ff applicable), the complete title, and date of publication, Where appropriate, credit should be given to the publishing organization. For documents other than AGMA standards, give the numerical designation, full ttle, and credits to the publishing organization. NOTE: The practice ot enclosing areference in paren. theses should be avoided. In no case should reference be made to a future issue of a technical document, when there is a possibilty that revision to the document wil ater the technical content and render the reference invalid. 5.1.7 Annexes Numbering of clauses and paragraphs in annexes. follows the same general rule as for standards. However, all numbers are preceded by @ capital letter, designating a particular annex. Annexes are designated alphabetically 5.2 Spelling Use Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language (unabridged) as the guide to correct speling; the form printed first Is to be used. 5.3 Hyphenation Consult Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language (unabridged) on the question of whether a compound should be hyphenated or presented as one or two words. Permanent compounds, those that have been accepted into the general vocabulary, can usually be found in the dictonary. For temporary ‘compounds, the joining of words for a spectic context, the writer or editor must make the determination. The hyphen is to be avoided unless. its omission will mislead the reader or slow his ‘comprehension of the text. Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 AGMA 900-F96 5.4 Parentheses Use of parentheses should shall be avoided since they tend to slow the reader down. Commas can usualy perform the same function without hindering the reader, 65 Capitalization Capitalization shall be in accordance with conventional rules. Overuse and departure from these rules can reduce readabiity and may obscure meaning, Copitaize only the first word of clause and subcleuse headings; headings for tables; column headings in tables; captions for figures; lettering on figures, except for units and symbols not usually capitalized; and names of authors in bibliographical references. 5.6 Numbers Use Arabic numbers or all units of measure, time, ‘and quantity. In general text, write out isolated ‘numbers less than ten. Numbers applicable to the same category should be treated alike throughout a paragraph; do not use figures for some and spell out others. If the largest contains two or more digits, use figures for al 6.7 Abbreviations Use technical abbreviations only where necessary to save time and space and only where their meaning is unquestionabiy clear to the intended reader. When in doubt, spell out in parentheses following the first use of the abbreviation ‘Abbreviations for terms common to gear technology can be found in other AGMA publications, These abbreviations shall be consistent throughout all ‘AGMA publications. Lower case letters are generally used for abbreviations in text, except for those derived from proper names; for example, eht is the abbreviation for extremely high frequency: Re, the abbreviation {for Rockwell'‘C” scale hardness. Aperiodis added to an abbreviation only if in its context it does not obviously represent an abbreviation ‘Subscripts should not be used either in or with abbreviations. ‘Abbreviations shall not be used in equations or mathematical expressions. Units of measure such as‘inches" and “Yeet" shouldbe spelledif text space allows. The marks (*) and () shall not be used.STD-AGMA O0-F-ENGL 195 MM OL87575 OOOWL12 928 a ‘AGMA 900-F96 5.7.1 Use of abbreviations or symbols for units For expressing units of measure, letter symbols are preferred to abbreviations. The reason is that a symbol represents a quantity or unit (not its name) and is therefore independent of language. ‘Abbreviations, on the other hand, are conventional representations of words or names in a particular language and may be different in different languages; for example, for electromotive force, the symbol is E, whereas the abbreviation is emt in English, fem in French, and EMK in German.[1] Generally, in text, units are spelled out unless length or repetition would slow reading and ‘comprehension. In a standard, the same symbol should be used throughout for the same physical quantity, regardless of the units employed or of the special values assigned. ‘Annexes D and E are provided to assist in the selection of symbols. 6 Special AGMA policies 6.1 Status of forewords, annexes, and footnotes ‘No material thats rightfully apart of a standard shall be placed in a foreword, annex, or footnote. Forewords, footnotes, and annexes are included in a standard for purpose of clarification, ilustration, ‘and general information, Their relation to the standard shall therefore be clearly set forth Annexes shall be within the scope of the project Under which the standard was developed and Promulgated, and shall be consistent with the standard itsell, Mandatory (shall) requirements are to be avoided in annexes or footnotes. Addition or doletion of annexes and footnotes is the sole responsibilty of the technical committee. An editorial statement tothe effect thatthe material is informative and not part of the standard shall appear at the beginning of eny foreword or annex. See figure 4. 6.2 Metric units and symbols ‘The AGMA is engaged in an orderly conversion to the metric system, uring the transition period, AGMA Standards can be expressed in SI (International System - metric) and conventional (nonmetric) units with normal |SO/TC 60 symbols. All standards and information sheets shall be prepared as hard metric documents, unless otherwise approved by the TDEC. The committee may alse elect to prepare an additional version in ‘conventional units. Metric versions of AGMA Standards shall be Prepared in acoordance with AGMA 904-Bé ‘Metric Usage, which allows the following options. 6.2.1 Hard metric standards Hard metric standards are based entirely on the SI (metric) system of units, without conventional units. ‘The documents and symbols of international Standards Organization (ISO) Technical Committee 60 should be used for reference. Data and dimensions are rounded to rational or convenient SI values without regard for interchangeabilty ‘True metrcation is achieved by using SI units and values in the inal design without conversion. Full advantage is thus taken of rational systems of metric modules, preferred numbers, and ‘convenient sizes or values, 6.2.2 Parallel standards Parallel standards are two separate documents on the same subject. One document uses symbo's in accordance wih AGMA 1012-F90 and ‘conventional units, while the other uses metric symbols in accordance with ISO/TC 60 and dimensions in convenient or preferred numbers in ‘Slunits, The metric version isa hard metric version. ‘The two versions of a parallel standard would each stand alone. The results of calculations based on the two versions would not necessarily be exactly equal. They would bear distinct but related numbers, and distinct titles. 6.3 Patented items ‘Athough there is no objection in principle to developing an AGMA Standard which calls for the use of @ patented item, this practice should be avoided if practicable TT Excerpted from American National Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement, ANSVIEEE 260-1978, 12 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA SOD-F-ENGL 259%b Ml Ob87575 0004213 464 mm 6.4 Commercial equipment References to commercial equipment should be generic and should not include trademarks or other proprietary designations. Where a sole source exists for essential equipment or materials, it is permissible to supply the name and address of the source in a footnote. fit is necessary to refer toa particular model number, the words “or the equivalent” should be added to the reference. 6.5 Special word usage 6.5.1 “Shall” and “should” The word "shal is to be understood as mandatory: the word “should” as advisory. The use of these ‘words has been intentionally applied throughout this manual 65.2 “And/Or” ‘The term “andjor’ shall be avoided and, the statement rewritten to clarify the meaning, for ‘example: Avoid tip and/or flank relief. Rewrite as: Avoid tip relief or lank relief, or both. 65.3 “Etc.” Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 AGMA 900-F96 Use of this abbreviation for ‘and so forth" shall be avoided. If there is more to say or specific items to be included, they should be listed. If not, end the sentence. ifitis desiredto cte only one or twoitems from a long list, precede the examples with the Words “such as" instead of using “etc.” 6.5.4 “General” Use of words such as “General” as headings for introductory material to text under a given heading is unnecessary and should be avoided. Such headings merely add an additional subordinate level and contribute nothing to the understanding of the material. Introductory text shall be included as ‘an unnumbered paragraph following the heading, 66 Copyrighted of other organizations. materials When a committees proposes to incorporate, verbatim, material from a publication of another organization, the committee should obtain written permission from the publisher for AGMA to reprint ‘the material in the standard. The letter granting permission should be forwarded directly to AGMA Headquarters. 13STD-AGMA SDD-F-ENGL 1995 MM 0687575 OO04124 770 Mm AGMA 900-F96 Annex A. (informative) Checklist for committee editorial coordinators [The foreword, tootnotes, andannexes, are provided for informational purposes only and should notbe construedas apart of AGMA 800-F6, Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards, Information Sheets, and Etorial Manuals.) A. Purpose ‘The purpose of this checklist is to provide ‘committee editorial coordinators an ald in making a final review of the draft before it is submitted to AGMA Headquarters. A2 Submission of drafts to headquarters The copy is a mark-up of the latest complete offical headquarters draft. Corrections to the draft have been typad or Clearly written in red, between the lines or in the margins, space permitting. Note, the use of red ink oF carbon pencil will permit copying, Instructions in 4.4 on mathematical expressions have been carefully followed. ‘A3 Contents (see clause 8) The draft includes: ___Te of the standerd ___Abstract __Table of contents Foreword and committee ist __Scope __Normative references (if necessary) ___Detnitions, symbols, and terminology Complete text, checked for accuracy __Figures ___Annexes Bibliography (References, if applicable) 4 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 ‘AA Style and conformance to applicable AGMA, documents ___Numbering requirements of 6.1 system conforms to Abbreviations conform to requirements of a7. Letter symbols for units conform to requirements of 6.8 ‘Tables, figures, and footnotes are numberes in accordance with this manual and cited in text by these numbers. References are complete and up-to-date. Bibliography annex complete and properly prepared. AS Contormance to special policies The committee is fully aware of AGMA's Special policies, see clause 6, and has applied these policies in developing the standard, No materia that is intended to be an official Part of the standard has been included in a foreword, annex or footnote. Metric and conventional nonmetric units hhave been provided. Permission to incorporate material of another ‘organization has been obtained and the letter granting permission has been sent to AGMA. Headquarters see 6.6STD-AGMA SOO-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 OOOWLLS b37 ml AGMA 900-F96 ‘Annex B (informative) Proofreaders’ marks [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, ara provided for informational purposes only and shouldnot be construedas apart of AGMA 900-F96, Style Manuel for the Preparation of Standards, Information Sheets, and Editorial Manvals.] This annexis provided as an aid in properly marking drafts for correction. Termsand symbolsareusedin ‘editing and printing as they are in other disciplines. The lst presented here includes the more common symbols and indications of how they are used and interpreted. When editing or marking drafts, itis ‘customary to divide a column of copy in haf with an Table B.1 - Prootread imaginary vertical line, Corrections to the leftof the Imaginary line are marked in the left margin, while those to the right are marked in the right margin. Short inserts are to be handwritten between the lines. Longer inserts are to be typewritten on separate sheets with clear instructions, both on the. insert and in the text, as to the correct placement. marks. Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 Instructions Mark in Mark in Corrected margin text text Date 2 the goot word the word Insert indicated material good theyword the good word Lett stand GD the goed word the good word Make capital @ the word the Word Make lower case @ Theaword ‘the word Set in boldface type the entry word, the entry word Set in lightface type ‘the entryword) the entry word Transpose the wordfgjood" the good word (Close up space cs the wetd the word Delete and cose up space the wird the word Spell out ®D words ‘two words Insert space # the word period o “This the word. comma > word,word, word word, word, word hyphen 2 /S word,for,word test ‘word-for-word test colon @® The following word, ‘The following word: semicolon Oo Scan the wordgskim Scan the words; skim the words the words apostrophe y ons words John's words ‘quotation marks, E791 the word’word” the word “word” (continued) 15STD-AGMA SOO-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 OOOWLLL S73 a AGMA 900-F96 Table B.1 (concluded) Instructions Mark in Maric in Corrected margin tot text parentheses of>/ The wordwords in “The word (word) is in parentheses. parentheses. brackets c/a/ He read from the He read from the Worgjhe Big, Word {the Bible) supers g da” aot v subscript 4 Hp 1.0 asterisk * word” ‘word slash mark 4 Nin? {bfin? Start paragraph q “Where is “Whereis 1" yD ats ‘on the shelf.” “It's on the shelf.” Funin Cumin) The entry wordis The entry words printed in boldface: Printed in boldface. The} Che pronunciation pronunciation follows. follows, ove ot c the word the wore Move right q ‘the}word the word Move down —, th word the word Move up — the wo the word align the word the word he word the word the word the word 16 Copyright by Ube American Gear Manufacturers Asociaton Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGHA 900-F-ENGL L596 MM OL87575 0004117 4OT Ma AGMA 900-F96 ‘Annex C (informative) Functions of the AGMA Staff [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, are provided for informational purposes only and shouldnotbe construed asapart ‘of AGMA 900-F96, Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards, Information Sheets, and Ecforial Manuals. C.1 Purpose ‘The AGMA Headquarters staff converts typewntten drafts of standards into printed publications. The steps involved and the functions performed by the staff are described in the following text C2 Editing ‘The staff carefully reviews each draft and, where necessary, makes corrections in: = Spelling, punctuation, hyphenation and grammar; = Numbering system, i it does not conform to this style manual ‘The editorial coordinator will assist the staff and act, as liaison during final editing of the editorial draf Preparation ot copy for cover, ttle, and copyright pages is also undertaken by the staff. See figures 1, 2,3.and 4, Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 ©.3 Typesetting and printing AGMA standards are electronically typeset and printed, After electronic typesetting, the AGMA statt makes @ word-by-word check against the ecited draft to correct typographical errors. Itis then given to the committee chairman for final approval before printing C4 Checking final pages ‘The staff checks the final pages to ensure that = Type corrections indicated on the galleys were made properly and stripped-in in the right place; ~The standard is properly made up; ~ Entries in the table of contents correspond to the text; ~ Page sequence is correct; = The type has been property aligned and the pages. are clean and ready for camera. "7STD-AGMA SOO-F-ENGL 1956 MM Ob87575 OOO4128 346 Mm AGMA 900-F96 Annex D (informative) Symbols used in AGMA documents {The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, are provided for informational purposes only and shouldotbe construed asapart ‘of AGMA 800-F96, Siyie Manual for the Proparation of Standards, Information Sheets, and Editorial Manuals.) D.t Purpose This annex is a guideline for symbol use in AGMA Standards and technical publications. The elements addressed are the basic letter symbol, subscript group, and a superscript. In addition, the allocation of Roman and Greek alphabets and abbreviations are discussed. NOTE: Betore proceeding to construct a new symbol Cone must first be assured thet an existing symbol wil Not satisfy the need. New symbols shall be con- structed from, data provided in table 0.1 through D.3 and annex E. D2 Background ‘Atechnical paper tends to stand on its own. Usually there are relatively few symbols, and competent authors make sure that alist s included in the paper showing the symbols used and their definitions. In such cases there is every incentive to keep the ‘symbols short and simple; both for accuracy and for ‘ease in reading and understanding ‘An AGMA Standard, on the other hand, tends to be ‘a much more complex document. There may be the need for many symbols and some of these symbols are closely related. A final and very important consideration is the essential need for consistency between AGMA, Standards, as well as between AGMA Standards and related ISO Standards. The user of a rating standard for one gear type will expect that there is commonality of symbols between the document he is holding and another AGMA or ISO document for other gear types. NOTE: The dofiniive reference for ISO symbols is 1S0 701 (see annex E), D.3 Rules for constructing letter symbols ‘The purpose of standard symbols for gear engineering is to establish a uniform practice of notations used in formules. The formula calculations may be for such things as design, application, manufacture and inspection. The 18 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 principal use cf symbols should be restricted to mathematical expressions and figures in published documents. Letter symbols are not intended or suggested for use on working drawings, manufacturing records, ‘oF correspondence, where abbreviations or terminology would better enhance reader comprehension, D.3.1 Elements of a symbol Asymbol consists of from one to three distinct parts: = abasic letter (essentia); = a subscript group (optional); = _@ superscript group (exceptional, restricted to use within a specific document), A symbol is conveniently associated to a term if it includes the letter identification with the term, Therefore, the construction of a symbol may be dependent upon the proper selection of the main ‘operative word in the term, modified with subscripts to compliment its specific meaning, .3.2 The basic letter ‘The basic letter for the symbol is selected from one of the four type sets: ‘an upper case Roman letter; a lower case Roman letter; ‘an upper case Greek letter; ~ alower case Greek letter. Tradition has allotted Roman letters to linear ‘quantities and Greek letters to angular quantities. Doubie letters should not be used for a basic letter symbol. n formulas, a double letter may appear to signify @ product. In adaiton, if not carefully written or typed, a symbol with subscript (Vq) could also ‘suggest a product (W x m). ‘Avinculum over two letters to show that they are Unit 2. Np has been used. However, this is rarely ‘2cceptable and should be avoided,STD-AGMA SOO-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 0004119 262 0.3.3 Subscripts ‘A symbol with subscripts usually forms a monocode with each letter building on the definition of the previous letters used. The subscript group may consist of one or more letters. For example: 1 isthe tooth thickness, transverse; jis the tooth thickness, transverse, gear; ‘op Is the tooth thickness, top land, NOTE: The modifiers pinion, goer, internal, sun, planet. cng. river, criven, mai, min, et, should Be the final mode ‘The amount of information thatthe subscript group is intended to cary wil vary, even for a given symbol. The order in which the elements that make Up the subsoriot group are arranged is important ‘Many AGMA Standards present their equations in a. generalized form. The equation may cover a variety of situations. By propery adcing subscript elements the goneral equations can be easly modified to ult @ specific case. Since the subscript group of a ‘symbol for a geometric feature may be used to indicate that the value applies to a particular position, to a specific direction, or to a given ‘member, itis desirable to construct he group sothat individual subscript elements can be added or deleted without causing contusion. For example, an AGMA Standard might consider only one value of torque in a generalized equation. The symbol 7; withouta subscript, would be adequate. however, itwas necessary to distinguish between a torque on ‘pinion and a torque on a gear, the symbois would become inion. Tp is the torque on pinion shatt; Te isthe torque on gear shat. Itis desirable to construct the subscript group from left to right from the general to the specific. For convenience and brevity itis desirable to use a basic letter symbol without a subscript when only one value of a given kind is involved. in a spur gear oF a straight-tooth bevel geer, there is occasion to consider only one cross section, and itis convenient and natural to refer, for instance, simply to the circular pitch, p, and pressure angle, 6. On the other ‘hand, in the case of gears wih teeth oblique to the rotating axis, it may be necessary to be specific and Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 AGMA 900-F96 to refer to the normal pitch p,, and the normal pressure angle, 4, In order not to leave any doubt fas to whether values are being given for the transverse plane or the normal plane. Inbuilding a symbol, the second subscript might be @ more general characteristic such as base ‘diameter, b, oF outside diameter, 0. The “pressure angle atthe tp of tooth’ might be witten ‘pressure angle , normal, outside’, The symbol would be és, The final subscript symbol othe extreme rightis the gear type designator which defines the specitic member considered, (pinion, gear, etc.). When itis necessary to designate a specific member, pinion, gear, internal, planet, driver, driven, etc, the final symbol should be upper case P (pinion) or G (gear), oF 1, 2, 8, etc. From the preceding example the "pressure angle atthe tip of pinion tooth” would be symbolized a8 don. NOTE: nthe interest ofkeeping the symbols short for ase in reading, understanding and memory, certain tmociiers are normally omitted For example: A value wile considerec tole in a transverse plane unless a subsonptn (normal plane) s gen. Also a valve les on, ori the“standare" pitch ctce (WP) no modifier is given. For example: Dp or De (diameter, pitch, stan- ard, pinion, or ameter, pitch, standard gear). 3.4 Superscripts The use of superscripts is discouraged. In some contexts superscripts may be mistaken for ‘exponents. However, with discretion, @ superscript may be preferable to a long complex subscript. The symbols that are used for superscript are the single prime mark(*), the double prime mark(*) and the asterisk (*) D.4 Abbreviations ‘An abbreviation is a shortened form of one or more words; e.g., HA=Helix Angle. Abbreviations may be Used in computer programming correspondence, in tables, in texts, for stamping tools, etc. Abbreviations are not suitable for use in equations, except for trigonometric functions such as ‘sin" and cos", ‘Abbreviations should be used only where there can be no possible misunderstanding as to their meaning. ‘The HA mentioned above could be misunderstood for “hand” i not carefully used. 19STD-AGHA S00-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 OOO420 TTY mw AGMA 900-F96 In published material, abbreviations are always printed in Roman (vertical) type, whereas symbols are always in italics. D.5 Typography 5.1. In accordance with the usual practice in published text, letter symbols, letter superscripts, ‘and letter subscripts, whether upper or lower case, should be printed in italic type. An exception is, Greek capital letters, which are always vertical. In manuscripts, italics are indicated by underlining ‘each symbol to be italicized. 5.2 Numbers appearing as coefficients, subscripts, superscripts, or exponents should be printed in vertical Arabic numerals. Letter abbreviations should always be vertical Trigonometric functions should be printed in lower-case vertical type. Standard mathematical Notation should be followed. DS.3 To avoid confusion in reading symbols, and particularly superscripts and subscripts, it is Important to select type faces that have italic forms and that make a clear distinction between upper and lower case. For this reason type faces without serits are not recommended, D.6 Review of new symbols Each new or revised standard will be reviewed by AGMA Headquarters Staff for consistency of symbols. By following the guidelines presented in this manual, technical committees will have reasonable assurance that new symbols will mest the guidelines established by the TDEC and that there will be commonality of symbols in AGMA Standards. Table D.1 - Allocation of alphabets in AGMA conventional unit standards, Roman A cone distance a addendur B_ backlash ® dedendum CC. center distance, factor (with subscript) © Clearance D diameter a E_ offset of axes e F face width f G 8 H ‘k- depth; height 1 pitting resistance geometry factor i J strength geometry factor J K factor (with subsoripts) k Length te ‘M_ bending moment ‘m_ ‘atio; module N number of teeth revolutions per unit time o* o* P- diametral pitch P circular piteh arc; fave advance; quality number q R radius r s s stress 1 temperature (with subscripts); torque tooth thickness U_ factor (with subscripts) " Variation linear velocity W load w load per unit length a: x YY tooth-form factor (diametra pitch) 1 tooth-form factor (circular pitch) Z_length of action z NOTE: * Not to be used because of confusion with other similar charactors. 20 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA SO0-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob47S75 OOO4L21 930 mm AGMA 900-F96 ‘Table D.2 - Allocation of alphabets in AGMA conventional unit standards, Greek" + Taipha, alas ih Area} * (pata, “bay'ta’) pitch angle of gear (gamma) change, difference (delta) * (epsilon, o as in don) * (zeta, Zayta") (theta, "thay’ta”) * (ota, “eye-otuh’) * (kappa) (iambde) * (mu, “mew’) * (nu, new’) (xi, “Zie’, ie as in die) * (omicron,“or-cron’) (pi, “pie") * (ho, “r0e") shatt angle (sigma) * (tau,“tou", ou asin house) (upsion, “up'si-ion’) (Ohi, “fe, ie as ince) * (chi, “kie") (psi, "sie", ie as in die) (omega, “oh-may'ga’) DexedHMeaOMZE>R-OENME IHD cexecaavuomerrn-osmeoavea ‘addendum angle pitch angle of pinion. dedendum angle involute roll angle involute polar angle lead angle the constant 3.1415927 radius of curvature pressure angle/protile angle helix angle/spiral angle anguler velocity NOTES: 1 Not to be used because of confusion with other similar character. Note: Preferred American pronunciation of modern Greek le Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 21STD-AGMA SOO-F-ENGL 2996 MM Ob87575 OOO4L22 877 a AGMA 900-F96 ‘Table D.3 - Plan for subscripts in AGMA conventional unit standards A Alowabie ‘a Active; addendum; allowable; approach, aver- age B 6 base; dedendum c ¢ chordal; compressive; contact; crown gear; cutter; cycles curvature D a E ¢ effective; equivalent; external F face advance; face contact; Fahrenheit filet; surface condition; stress correction G gear 8 1H hardness; ratio; hob; hours ht 1 i inner, inside; internal a i K k working Lute ae ‘M- Measurement ‘m_ mean; measurement, load distribution normal base n- normal 0 © modified; outer; outside; overload P pinion itch; profile; running Q 4 R root; satety radial; recess; running s 5 shear; size T temperature; tool; tolerance 1 tangential tensile; throat; total; transverse; whole u “ v dynamic W wor ” XX axial base x axial y y iz z NOTE: + Not tobe used because of confusion with other similer characters 2 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA 900-F-ENGL 2996 MM 087575 OO04123 703 mm ‘AGMA 900-F96 Annex E (informative) ISO symbols used in metric documents [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, are provided forinformetional purposes only and should rate construec.as apart ‘of AGMA 900-F96, Style Manual for ihe Preparation of Standards, information Sheets, and Editorial Manuals. E.1 Principal geometric symbols from ISO 701 ‘The following tables are excerpted from ISO 701 — 1976, international gear notation - Symbols for geometrical data, and are given for reference. E.1.1 Principal symbols for geometry The most frequently used geometrical symbols are listed in table E.1 Table E.1 - Principal symbols for geometry E.1.2 Principal subscripts ‘The same character as a subscript may have different meanings, each depending on the symbol towhich the subscriptis assigned. Some subscripts ‘with a more general meaning are presented in table E.2. Abbreviated subscripts of two or three letters are presented in table E.8. Numerical subscripts are presented in table E.4, one use with principal symbols is for reference value, Table E.2 - Principal alphabetical subscripts ‘Symbols Designation @__| Canis aistancs ‘subseripte Taters to 6 | Facewicth hi ¢ [Tip and root clearance fn alee 4 | Diameter, reference diameter elena | Space width + |root | Length of path of contact fee lier i Tooth depth (total, addendum, de- ee cae dendum) kf secto i [Total transmission ratio. 2 ee a cee P| basic rack tooth profile M_—_|Measurement over rolis or balls Pp |pase Pe ee 1 | transverse plane p | Pitch, lead eee ae ee eee aos w | operating configuration pee eae = | axial direction s | Tooth thickness a eee u | Gear rato W [Base tangent length A fee taarelea x | Rack shift cootficient cee eae 2 | Number of teeth + ss | (alpha) Pressure angie B | beta) Helix angie | (gamma) Lead angle 3 | (eta) Cone angie Table E.3 - Abbreviated subscripts & | (epsilon) Contact or overlap ratio 1 | (eta) Spacewidth half angle ‘subscripts Tefers to @ | (theta) Tooth angle of bevel gear wet actual p | (Cho) Radius of curvature max | maximum = |{(Gigma) Shatt angle ‘min | minimum +» _ | (©3i) Tooth thickness — half angle pr__| protuberance Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 23STD-AGMA SO0-F-ENGL 1996 AGMA 900-F96 ble E.4 - Numerical subscripts WM 0687575 OOONL24 b4T mm Table E.5 - Sequence of subscripts ‘subseript Tetere to ‘subscripts Teters to “5, mf | cylinder or cone [tear ei | extemal, internal 1 pinion pr | protuberance ee | eheel 56x | plane or direction 3 master gear max, min | abbrevietion other gear 0,1,2,3 [gear E.1.3 Sequence of subscripts For more than one subscript a recommended E.2 Symbols used in ISO 6336-1, 2, 3 and 5 Table E.6 is excerpted from ISO 6336-1:1996, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical sequence is given in table E.S ‘general influence factors. Table E.6 - Symbols and abbreviations used within ISO 6236-1, 2, 3 and 5 gears — Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and 24 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 ‘Symbot Description Unit Principal symbols and abbreviations a [eenter distance Tam » | facewidth mm e | constant - 4 | diameter (without subscript, reference diameter) mm e [auxiliary quantity - J | deviation, tooth deformation am | path of contact mm ‘| tooth depth (without subscript, root circle to tip circle) mm i | transmission ratio kJ addendum truncation factor - 1 bearing span mm m | module, mm mass kg n | rotational speed 87 or min-* p [pitch mm ‘number of planet gears - 9 | auxilary factor, - flexibility of pair of meshing teeth, see clause 9 (emmy ‘material allowance for finish machining, see clause 5 of ISO 6336-3 mm r | radius (without subscript, reference radius) mm s | tooth thickness, distance between mid-plane of pinion and the middle of mm the bearing span u | gear ratio (22/21) = 1) E v | tangential velocity (without subscript, atthe reference circle ~ tangential mis velocity at pitch circle) w | specific load (per unit facewidth, F+/ 6) Nim x | profile shift coefficient - y | running-in allowance (only with subscript « or 8) um 2 | number of teeth” Z A.B,C,D, | points on path of contact (pinion root to pinion tp, regardless of whether e "| pinion or wheel drives. only for geometrical considerations) (continued)STD-AGMA OO-F-ENGL 1996 Ml 087575 OOO4L25 S86 mm AGMA 900-F96 Table E.6 (continued) ‘Symbol Description Unit ‘B—| total tacewidth of double Ralical gear including gap width Tin constant, coefficient, relief of tooth flank am D | ciameter (design) mm E —_| modulus of elasticity Nim? Eh —_| material designation for case-hardening steel, case hardened - Eh | case depth, see ISO 6396-5 mm F | composite and cumulative deviations, um force or load N G | shear modulus Nirrmé GG | material designation for grey cast iron - GGG —_| material designation for cast iron (peritic, bani, ferric structure) - GTS _| material designation for black malleable cast iron (peritic structure) = HB | Brineli hardness - HRC | Rockwell hardness (C scale) = HR30N | Rockwell hardness (30 N scale), see ISO 6396-5 - HV | Vickers hardness - HV1 | Vickers hardness at load F = 9,81 N, see ISO 6336-5 . HV10 | Vickers hardness at load F = 98,10 N, see ISO 6396-5 - 1F | material designation for stee! and GGG, flame or induction hardened = J | Jominy hardenabilty, see ISO 6336-5 : K | constant, factors concerning tooth ioad - 1 | lengths (design) mm M | moment of a force Nm MX | symbols identifying material and heat-treatment requirements, see ISO S ME — | 6336-5 MQ ML N | number, exponent, number of load oyoles, resonance ratio - NT | material designation for nitriding steel, nitrided - NV___ | material designation for through-harcening and case-hardening steel, : ritrided (nite), nitrocarburized (nitrocer.) P| transmitted power kW S| safety factor - St | material designation for steel (as < 800 N/mm2) - 7 |torque, Nm tolerance um Vv | material designation for through-hardening steel, through-hardened e (e = 800 Nimm?) W | weighing factor - Y | factor related to tooth-root stress - Z | factor related to contact stress - ¢ | pressure angie (without subscript, at reference cylinder) : B | helix angle (without subscript, at reference cylinder) : + [auxiliary angle, | ‘shear strain, - | pinion offset factor, see equations in clause 7 um 8 [dettection um (continued) 25 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGHA 9O0-F-ENGL 199 MM Ob87575 OOOWLEL 412 Ml AGMA 900-F98 Table E.6 (continued) ‘Symbol Description Unit = | contact rao, overiap rao, relaive eccentricity eee clause 7) 1 [effective dynamic viscosity ofthe oll wedge at the mean temperature of mPa s wedge 9 temperature c | ccetticient of tction 7 y_ | Poisson's rato, : kinematic viscosity of the oll mm/s p | rads of curvature, mm density (for steel, p = 783% 10°6) kgm? o normal stress Nim? v shear stress Némm? x [running-in factor = y [auxiliary angle, . relative bearing clearance (see clause 7) = © | angular velocity radis T | parameter on the line of action i | reduction of area on fracture % ‘Subscripts to symbols = _[raference values (without subscript a [eddendum, tooth tip ann | ennulus gear > [bese circle, facewidth te [bearing ca |case cal | caleulates co [contact pattern dyn | dynamic © outer limit of single pair tooth contact eft | effective value, real stress t | tooth-root, dedendum i internat k ‘tooth truncation, values related to the notched test piece lim | value of reference strength m mean or average value (mean section) ma | manufacturing max | maximum value min | minimum value 1» |rormal plane, virtual spur gear of a helical gear, number of revolutions ot foi Pp |pitch, values related to the smooth polished test pieoo pa |paralel pla__[planet gear (continsed) Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA SOQ-F-ENGL 2956 MM Ob87575 OOO4L27 359 mm AGMA 900-F96 Table E.6 (continued) ‘Symbor Description Unit T radial red | reduced rel [relative s | tooth thickness, notch effect sh | shaft stat | static (load) sun sun pinion, sun gear t transverse plane th —_| theoretical v | velocity, losses ‘working (this subscript may replace the apostrophe) running-in, ‘any point on the tooth flank ‘application, ‘external shock loads pitch point, profile and helix modification [speed transformation, reducing or increasing ‘elasticity of material, resonance tooth-roct stress geometry Hertzian stress (contact stress) lubrication materia’ number (a specific number may be inserted after the subscript N in the life factor) permissible value, rack profile roughness, rows Hest gear, values related to the standard reference test gear pairing of materials dimension (absolute) sun transverse contact, profile helix, facewidth, ‘crowning total (total value) rough specimen ‘contact ratio basic value, tool pinion va > ee ~ axe wp owZErmas m oops (continued) Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 2STD-AGMA SOU-F-ENGL 2996 MM Ob87575 OOONL28 255 mm ‘AGMA 900-F96 Table E.6 (continued) ‘Symbol Description Unit 2 | wheat 1.9 | general numbering 1 fend retiet, reference (nonreference) face * | single-tlank (subscript w possible) single-pair tooth contact "| double-tiank contact (simultaneous contact between working and non-working flanks) Combined symbols Ba] length oF journal Bearing Tan bey calculated facewidtn mm | length of tooth bearing pattern at no toad (contact marking) mm bes | reduced facewidth (facewidth minus end reliefs) mm b, | web thickness mn by | facewiath of one helix on @ double helical gear mm buy | length of end roliet mm cp | bottom clearance between basic rack profile and mating profile rom cy | mean value of mesh stiffness per unit facewiath Niemeyer) | maximum tooth stitiness per unit facewidth (single stiiness) of a tooth pair | Ni(mm-umn) cy | theoretical single stifiness Ni(rnenumm} @. | tp diameter mom 4, [base diameter mm 4. _ | diameter of role through outer point of single pair tooth contact mm d; {root diameter rom dq | root ciameter of internal gear mm 44, | external diameter of shaft, nominal for bending deflection mm dy; | intemal diameter of a hollow shaft mm dx | pitch diameter rom | ball diameter (ball bearing) mm 4,2 _ | reference diameter of pinion (or whee!) mm fc | Component of equivalent misalignment am fa | component of equivalent misalignment®) due to case deformation am ja | profile form deviation (the value for the total profile deviation F, may be am used alternatively for ths, if tolerances complying with ISO 1328-1 are used) Sua mesh misalignment’) due to manufacturing deviations am Jy | transverse single pitch deviation am Jy | Ron-parallelism of pinion and wheel axes (manufacturing deviation) 2) um fu | transverse base pitch deviation (the values of f may be used for am calculations in accordance with ISO 6336, using tolerances complying with 180 1928-1) fx | component of equivalent misalignment2! due to deformations of pinion and um wheel shafts | fax | component of misalignment due to shaft and pinion deformation measured um ata paral oad faa ‘shaft deformation under specific load) um-mm/N {fy | Relx slope deviation the value forthe total helix deviation Fp may be used um ‘alternatively for this, if tolerances complying with ISO 1328-1 are used) fy | tolerance on helix siope deviation for ISO accuracy grade 6 am a __| length of path of contact mm ‘hap___| addendum of basic rack of cylindrical gears mm (continued) 28 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGNA SO0-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 0004129 121 mm ‘AGMA 900-F96 Table E.6 (continued) ‘Symbol Description Unit Thao [Toor addendum Ta fie | dedendum of basic rack of cylindrical gears rom fim | tool dedendum mm ia | dedendum of tooth of an internal gear mm ‘hain | minimum lubricant film thickness mm ie | bending moment arm for tooth-root stress mm he, | bending moment arm relevant to load application at the tooth tip (defined mm by the contact point of the 30° tangents) Ihre | bending moment relevant to load application at the outer point of single pair | mm ‘tooth contact 1, __| effective length of roller (roller bearings) mm im’ | relative individual gear mass per unit facewidth referenced to line of action | kgimm ‘mq | normal module mm ‘mea | teduced gear pair mass per unit facewidth referenced to the line of action | kgimm m | transverse module mm m2 | rotation speed of pinion (or whee!) rmin-! or 5-4 nz | resonance speed min“! Pon | normal base pitch mm pm —_ | transverse base pitch mm q | minimum value for the flexibility of a pair of meshing teeth (en: uen)/N gee __| protuberance of the tool, see figure 2 of ISO 6336-3 mm % | notch parameter, a = $4 /2pr . gs | notch parameter of the notched test piece - asx __| Notch parameter of the standard reference test gear, gr = 2,5 - qx | auxiliary factor - se | fim thickness of marking compound used in contact pattern determination um Spe | fesidual filet undercut, s = gor ~4 mm Sq |tooth-root chord at the eritical section mm sx {rim thickness mm % | maximum depth of grinding notch mm wm | mean specific load (per unit facewidth) Nim wi. | tangential force per unit tooth width, including overload factors Nim, xz | rack shift coetticient for adjustment cf tooth thickness - 212 | addendum modification coefficient of pinion (or whee!) - ya | running-in allowance for a gear pair um yp | running-in allowance (equivalent misalignment) am % | virtual number of teeth of a helical gear 2 212 | number of teeth of pinion (or wheel)”, see page S - B* | constant, see equations in clause 7 - CG. — |tipretiet um C5 | basic rack factor (same rack for pinion and wheel) - Cp: | basic rack factor (pinion), see 9.3.1.4 - Cio | basic rack factor (wheel), see 9.3.1.4 . Cu. | correction factor, see clause 9 . Cx | gear blank factor, see clause 9 7 Cau, zn,2v | factors for determining lubricant fim factors, see 11.2 of Part 2 - Gp crowning height am Cigy__|end relief um (continued) Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 29STD-AGMA SOD-F-ENGL 299b MM 0687575 0004130 943 ml ‘AGMA $00-F96 Table E (continued) ‘Symbol Description Tait Dye [Bearing bore Grametar (plain Bearings) Th Day | |ournai diameter (piain bearings) mom Free | radial force on bearing N Fin | (nominal) load, normal tothe line of contact N Fu, | nominal transverse load in plane of action (base tangent piane) N Fu | mean transverse tangential load at the reference circle relevant to mesh N calculations, Fy = (F; Ky K,) Fey | mean transverse tangential part load at reference circle N Fux | maximum tangential tooth joad for the mesh calculated N F,_| (nominal) transverse tangential force at reference cylinder N Fu | determinant tangential load in a transverse plane for Kia and Kr, Fur =F; N KK Ruy F, | total profile deviation um F | total helix deviation am Fis [tolerance on total helix deviation for ISO accuracy grade 6 um Fox intial equivalent misalignment (before running-in) um Foc [initial equivalent misalignment for the determination of the crowning height um (estimate) Fact | equivalent misalignment measured under a partial load um Foy __ [effective equivalent misalignment (after running-in) am | constant for the pinion postion in relation to the torqued end e K, | dynamic factor - Kx | application factor - Krq _ | transverse load factor (root stress) E Kyp__ | face load factor (root stress) 2 Kita | transverse load factor (contact stress) 5 ‘Kup | face load factor (contact stress) ° K, | mesh load factor (takes into account the uneven distribution of the load . between meshes for multiple transmission paths) J+ | moment of inertia per unit facewith kgm? fmm Na | number of balls (oF rallers) per row - Ny [exponent . ML |number of oad cycles e Ny | number of mesh contacts per revolution (normally 1, for idler 2) . va |Rumber of rows per bearing e Ns | resonance ratio in the main resonance range - Nw [number of webs - R, | arithmetic mean roughness value, Ry = 1/6 R, um R, __ | mean peak-to-valley roughness (as specified in ISO 468) um Ra | mean peak-to-valley roughness ofthe notched, rough test piece um Rex | mean peak-to-valley roughness of the standard reference test gear, Ker = am 10 Se | factor of safety from tooth breakage - Si | factor of safety from pitting - So | Sommerfeld number - Tq | nominal torque atthe pinion (or wheel) Nm ¥¢ | tooth form factor, for the influence on nominal tooth-root stress with load - applied at the outer point of single pair tooth contact (continued) 30 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGHA SOQ-F-ENGL 2956 MM 0687575 OOO4131 S87 mm ‘AGMA 900-F96 Table E.6 (continued) ‘Symbol Description Unit Yr, | Torm factor, for ie influence on nominal tooih-Toot stress with Toad applied : at the tooth tip Yes | tip factor, equal (¥ra Ysa), accounts for influences covered by Yrx and Ys - Yxx | life factor for tooth-root stress, relevant to the notched test piece : Yup life factor for tooth-root stress, relevant to the plain polished test piece - Yar __ life factor or tooth-root stress for reference test conditions = Yn __ | tooth-root surface factor (relevant to the plain polished test piece) - Yeretk | felative roughness factor, the quotient of the gear tooth-root surface factor - of interest divided by the notch test piece factor, Ye wit = Ye/Yax Yaeit — |telative surface factor, the quotient of the gear tooth-root surface factor of - interest divided by the tooth-root surface factor of the reference test gear, Ye rir = Yal¥ar Ys __ | stress correction factor, for the conversion of the nominal bending stress, - determined for application of load at the outer point of single pair tooth ‘contact, to the locel tooth-root stress Yq _| stress correction factor, for the conversion of the nominal bending stress = ‘determined for load application et the tooth tip, to the local tooth-roct stress ‘Youg, ¥oq_ | stress correction factors for teeth with grinding notches - Yu | stress correction factor, relevant to the notched test piece - Yer __ | stress correction factor, relevant to the dimensions of the reference test - gears Yx | size factor (tooth-root) - Y%p | helix angle factor (ooth-roct) - Ys __ | notch sensitivity factor ofthe actual gear (relative to a polished test piece) - Ys | Sensitivity factor of a notched test piece, relative to a smooth polished test - piece Yor | sensitivity factor ofthe standard reference test gear, relative to the smooth S polished test piece Yori — |test relative notch sensitivity factor, the quotient of the gear notch sensitivity {actor of interest divided by the notched test piece factor, Yo ix = Ys Vax Yori | relative notch sensitivity factor, the quotient of the gear notch sensitivity - {actor of interest divided by the standard test gear factor, Ys cir = Y5 (Yar Y%, | contact ratio factor (tooth-roct) - Z | velocity factor 7 Zp, Zp _|single pair tooth contact factors forthe pinion, for the whee! - Ze | elasticity tactor (Rima Z| zone factor - Z| lubricant factor - Zx | life factor tor contact stress - Zxr life factor for contact stress for reference test conditions : Z| roughness factor affecting surface durabilty 7 Zw | work-hardening factor 7 % | size factor (pitting) = 2 | helix angle factor (pitting) - Ze | contact ratio factor (pitting) - Gin _ | ip pressure angle of a virtual spur gear e mn | form-factor pressure angle, pressure engle at the outer point of single pair tooth contact of vitual spur gears (continued) Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 31STD-AGNA FOO-F-ENGL 1996 MM 0687575 OOO4132 7Lb ‘AGMA 900-F96 Table E.6 (continued) ‘Symbol Description Unt] 7%, [normal pressure angle * —_| transverse pressure angle . 4, oF uy | pressure angle atthe pitch cylinder . ‘tray {tip load angle, engle relevant to direction of application of load atthe tooth . tip of vitual spur gears tm {load direction angle, relevant to direction of application of load at the outer . point of single pair tooth contact of virtual spur gears ae, | normal pressure angle ofthe basic rack for oytinrical gears : By tip helix angle (atthe tip surface of a geat) : f [base hex angle : f | form-factor helix angle, helix angle atthe outer point of single tooth contact . 412 | deformation of bearing (1, 2) in direction of load um, mm tm | combined deflection of mating teeth assuring even load distribution over um the facewiath | | ference in fesler gauge thickness measurement of mesh miselignment um na 85 [elongation on fracture fa | transverse contact ratio s eax | virtual contact ratio, transverse contact ratio of a virtual spur gear 7 [overlap ratio 2 &, | total contact rato, ey = ea + ep - #) | addendum contact rato of the pinion, ey = CE/py, : #2 | addendum contact rato ofthe wheel, ¢2 = ACIP, : fro | tip radius ofthe tool mm fy | foot filet radius ofthe basic rack for cylindrical gears mm fig |redius of grinding notch mm fer |adius of relative curvature mm fc_| radius of relative curvature atthe pitch surface mm pr | tocth-roct radius at the critical section mm | slip-layer thickness mm cin | nominal notched-bar stress number (bencing) Nimm? | im | nominal plain-ber stress number (bending) Nim? | ‘op | tensile strength Nimm® | o¢ | tooth-root stress Njmm2 or 1m | nominal stress number (bending) Nymm2 ore | allowable stress number (bending), o¢¢ = oF in Yor Nimm2 ore | tooth-root stress lim Nim? ore | permissible tooth-root stress Nome? or) | nominal tooth-root stress Nimm2 | ay {calculated contact stress Nim? ov in | allowable stress number (contact) Nimm2 uc | Modified allowable stress number, ofc = oF tim Sir Nimm2 | air | permissibie contact stross Nim? | oy | nominal contact stress Nim? | os | yield stress Nim? | a2 | proot stress (0,2% permanent set) Nimm2 x* | relative stress gradient inthe root of @ notch mt ‘ig | factor characterizing the equivalent misalignment after running-in = (continued) 32 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA S00-F-ENGL 2996 MM OL87575 0004133 bS2 mm AGMA 900-F96 Table E.6 (concluded) ‘Syinbor Description Unit Tp |"elatve sirese gradient in a smooth polished test prece rar O12 angular velocity of pinion (or wheel) rad/s (NOTES: 4) For external gearing 2, and nate postive; for internal gearing a and zz have a negative sign =; has a postive. 2} The components inte plane of action are determinant. 3 Symbols used in ISO 10300 compared with ANSI/GMA 2003-A86 ‘The following list of symbols are used in bevel gear rating equations. Table E.7 is a compilation of the ‘symbols used in ISO 10300-1:1992, Calculation of Load Capacity of Bevel Gears -- Part 1: Introduction and General Influence Factors, and ANSIAGMA 2003-A86, Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Generated Straight Bevel, ZEROL® Bevel, and Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth, ‘Table E.7 - Symbols used in gear rating equations in ANSVAGMA 2003-A86 and ISO 10300-1:1992 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 Peonsanent itera Description Units a Re Mean cone distance in Ay Re Outer cone distance in (men) oy ap Jonas Fans {Mean addendums of gear & pinion, respectively in (men) uc top | Iae2s Tuer | Outor addendums of gear & pinion, respectively in (mm) ba, be Jin2s Fini {Mean dedendums of gear & pinion, respectively in (mm) bac bor | Ieastyer | Outer dedendums of gear & pinion, respectively in (mm) G Ke External dynamic (application) factor for piting resist -- ance o — Stress adjustment factor q 2 ‘Surface condition factor for pitting resistance = Gr ye Hardness rato factor for piting resistance Ep G % Inertia factor fr piting resistance = G 2 Life factor for pitting resistance (21) Gu Ka Load distribution factor for piting (Kg) as Cut - Load distribution factor when Zp = Zp a Cot e Mounting factor aS G Ze Elastic coefcient {fine (MPa?) ce Relabilty factor for piting = G Size factor for piting resistance = Gr Service factor for piting resistance -- Gr “Temperature factor for piting resistance 5 G Internal dynamic factor for pitting resistance Gee Growing facto for piting resistance Da 2, a1 Outer pitch diameters of gear & pinion, respectively in (mm) Fo,Ep | E2, BL ‘Young's modulus of elasticity for materials of gear & Ibjn? (MP2) pinion, respectively e e Base of natura (Napierian) logarithms = ® Net face wicth of narrowest member in (mm) —_| (continued)STD.AGNA 9OQ-F-ENGL 159% MM Ob87575 0004234 599 a ‘AGMA 900-F96 Table E.7 (continued) Serena lett Description Units Fo, Fr BEET ‘Actual face widths of gear & pinion, respectively in amy Foo Fee 182,011 Effective face widths of gear & pinion, respectively in (mmm) Fc ke Projected length of instantaneous line of contact length- | in (mm) ‘wise direction ofthe tooth ff ra ‘Assumed locations of critical point on tooth for piting -- resistance & bending strength, respectvely fe Rey Pinion surtace finish rmicroinches if ES Reciprocal of number of failures 4 a Empirical constant used in stress correction formula Fao Hox Brinel! hardness number for gear material Hpp Hp, Brinell hardness number for pinion material he fe Minimum total case depth at tooth mid-depth he RK Minimum etfective case depth re nae We max ‘Suggested maximum effective case depth at tooth mic | in (mm) depth ‘inc; hue | hyas yi | Load heights from ertical section for gear & pinion, re- in (mm) spectively i ~ ‘Summation limits in summation calculation -- Oi 4 Geometry factor for piting resistance J y Geometry factor for bending strength -- Jordp Yo Yon Geometry factor for bending strength for gear & pinion, -- respectively Ke Ke External dynamic (application) factor for bending -- strength Ko Ke Yn. ¥a ‘Stress concentration & stress correction factors for gear -- & pinion, respectively K Xx Inertia factor for bending strength -- K, Yy Life factor for bending strength a5 Ka Ki Load distribution factor for bending strength -- Ke % Reliabilty factor for bending strength -- K, Ye Size factor for bending strength BS Kr - Service factor for bending strength aS K; Yo ‘Temperature factor for bending strength -- K K Internal dynamic factor for bending strength eI K Ye Lengthwise curvature factor for bending strength -- K — Factor used in internal dynamic factor formula k k ‘Summation limits in summation calculations -- K k Factor used in geometry factor calculations ES hs.209 - Proportions of total design life of gears at torques T 1, 2 -- lee Lite in pinion cycles at given a = i Empirical exponent used in stress correction formula -- cr Equivalent life at peak torque -- Ln Life in hours -- (continued) 34 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA SO0-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 OOO4L35 425 mm Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20 AGMA 900-F96 Table E.7 (continued) apestasenlehinenot Description Units M ot Empirical exponent used in stress correction formula = m mee Outer transverse module (mm) me % Face contact ratio = mG a Gear ratio os Mine Mean transverse module (om) an rn Mean normal module (mm) mw wy Load sharing ratio = m % Modified contact ratio me fa Transverse contact ratio = IN 2 Number of gear teeth -- IN, ™ Number of ioad oyoles -- n 21 Number of pinion teeth - " ot Pinion speed pm mana [= Pinion speed at torques 74,21) ‘pm P P Design power through gear pair hp (kW) Pac Pas [Allowable transmitted power for pitting resistance hp (kW) Pay Pay [Allowable transmitted power for bending strength hp (kW) Py Outer transverse diametral pitch it Pa Mean transverse ciametral pitch it Pron Mean normal diametral pitch it Pp Outer transverse circular pitch in (re) Pw Mean normal base pitch in (rm) Pe Mean normal circular pitch in (mm) p2 - /Auxiary pitch in (mm) Pcs pw |yonaor Location of point of load application on path of action for aa ‘gear & pinion, respectively 4 4 Exponent used in formula for lengthwise curvature tac- — tor a 2. Transmission accuracy number -- Rr ‘ngrts Tops |Mean transverse pitch radi for gear & pinion, respec- in (rm) tively Ris row | rnbn2s Tb | Mean normal base radi for gear & pinion, respectively in (mm) Ry ny ‘ngn2s ne | Mean normal pitch radi for gear & pinion, respectively in (mm) Fes tav ——|Paetsrnet_ | Moar normal outside radi for gear & pinion respective: | in (nm) ly Ryn Tayo2s Tmot | Mean transverse radii to point of load application for in (mm) goar & pinion, respectively te r0 Cutter radius used for producing zerol bevel & spiral in (om) bevel gears: os TP ‘ap Tap | Tooth fillet rac in mean section at the root cone for in (mm gear & pinion, respectively rrc.mm ——|rearsteor__| Tool or cutter tip edge rai used to produce the gear & | in (mm) pinion, respectively (continued) 35STD-AGMA SOO-F-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 OOO¥L3b Jbl ml AGMA 900-F96 Table E.7 (continued) Fasoscnaenlttecne el Description Units s ie Length of the instantaneous line of contact between in gy mating tooth surfaces Sc onp Allowable contact stress number Ipfin? (MPa) ‘wr ofp Allowable bering stress number lyin? (MPa) & 7 Calculated contact stress number lin? (MPa) 5 oF Calculated bending stress number lyin? (MPa) 50 Calculated bending stress number excluding Ibvin? (MPa) Dynamic ettects Sec own Working contact stress number lyin? (MPa) Set One Working bending stress number lyin? (MPa) Tp Design pinion torque {bin (Nrn) Tp n Operating pinion torque ‘bin (Nem) Tr; 6 Operating gear blank temperature SF (6C) Ta.2.0) - Pinion torque loads used in calculating design lite lin (Nr) those dvs ‘One-half tooth thicknesses at critical section for gear & -- Binion, respectively Ge 2,31 ‘Mean normal circular tooth thicknesses for gear & pin- in (rm) jon, respectively 6 Se ‘Normal tooth topland thickness at narrowest point in (mmm) ue u Core hardness coetticient for nitrided gear lyin? (MPa) Un Us Hardening process factor for steel Ibyin? (MPa) u w Variable used in internal dynamic factor formula a % ver Tangential velocity at outer pitch circle ftymin (mis) w oe load coetfcient ES XvcXxe | aya. xve | X-factors for gear & pinion, respectively 2S ec, Xe | gz. 01 | ASSumed distances in locating weakest section for gear = & pinion, respectively X, ko Distance from mean section to center of pressure mea- | in (mm) sured in the lengthwise direction along the tooth Yon 00 Boi Bor Factors used for calulaction -- Yio, Yee | Yeas Ye | Tooth form factors including stress concentration factor as {or gear & pinion, respectvely YoYo ¥2,¥1 Tooth form factors excluding stress concentration factor a {or gear & pinion, respectively yan yap | Bt Factors used for calculation -- Zo2p Binds Bort | Lengths of addendum action in mean normal section for | in (mm) gear & pinion, respectively w gan Length of action in mean normal section in (mm) z - Load exponent -- » 0 Distance along path of action in mean normal section in (mm) rom pitch point of maximum contact stress « Ei Positive integer = 6,0" (2,1 | Addendum angles of gear & pinion, respectively = 8 y Positive integer -- (continued) 96 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA SOD-F-ENGL 1956 MM Ob87575 0004237 278 mm AGMA 900-F96 Table E:7 (concluded) eeetaee Description Units Tor ich angle (atorence cone angle) of gear & pinion = Taste Face angle ip angle) of gear & pinion = Piya, AFar Heel increments of face width for gear AF nc, AF & pinion, respectively (effective) Fro, AFrP Toe increments of face width for gear AF ro, OF & pinion, respectively (effective) ARy, Ane Distances from pitch circle to point of load application in - mean normal section for gear & pinion, respectively bo. 8e Dedendum angle of gear & pinion, respectively -- 1 Length of action within the contact ellipse in (mr) fic. [aiasin | Rotation angles used in bending strength calculations a for gear & pinion, respectively 6. 8» 2,21 ‘Assumed angle for tooth form factor oo post ean Poisson's ratio for materials of gear & pinion, respec: = tively 0 Relative radius of profile curvature at point of maximum es contact stress betwoen mating tooth surfaces pop fmsfmi | Radi of profile curvature at pitch point in mean normal es ‘section for gear & pinion, respectively plap2 plp2 Radi of profile curvature at point of maximum contact = Sess mean nema secon fr prion & ger, respoc- | tively Ry Stmon ‘Sum of gear & pinion mean normal pitch radi 6 & Normal pressure angle at pitch surface dscrdxp —|ia.cm1 | Normal pressure angles at point of load application on the tooth centerine for geer & pinion, respectively txcvérr—Jaua.cz | Normal pressure angles at poit of load application on = the tooth surface for gear & pinion, respectively 6 ie ‘Transverse pressure angle et pitch point 7 ’ fn Mean spiral angle at pitch surface % fins Mean base spiral angle 37 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD.AGNA S00-F-ENGL 299 MM Ob87575 0004138 134 mm AGMA 900-F96 (This page is left blank.) 38 Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association fi Dee 29 17.242 2006STD-AGMA S00-F-ENGL 1996 MM 087575 0004139 070 mm This page is intentionally left blank. Copyrighl by Ube American Ceor Manufolurers Association Pi Dee 29 17.022 20STD-AGMA S00-F-ENGL 1596 MM ObS7575 OOO4LO 852 a PUBLISHED BY [AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 11500 KING STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314 Copyright by the American Gear Manufacturers Association fi Dee 29 17.242 2006