Modern Russian Book 1 PDF

Modern Russian 1
Library of Congress Cataloging in PubUcation Data

Dawson, Clayton L.
Modern Russian.
Includes indexes.
I. Russian language-Grammar-1950-
2. Russian language-Spoken Russian. I. Bidwell,
Charles E\leretl. 1923- joint author. II. Humesky,
Assya. joint author. III. Title.
PG2112.D36 1m 491.7'83'421 775837
ISBN o.8784().1695 (\I. I)
Copyright 1964 by Georgetown University

All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
International Standard Book Number: o.8784().169-5
ABOUT Modern Russian
In February 1960 the University of Michigan sponsored a conference of scholars to "develop

criteria for a two-year college sequence of spccialized materials for learning the Russian language."
In its proposal to the U.S. Office of Education for funds to support the conference, the University
of Michigan stated its view that "The urgency of our national need to improve and increase the
study of the Russian language in our schools and colleges and the comparative dearth and inadequacy
of existing materials for this purpose dictate the collaboration of the U.S. Office of Education with
the Russian language specialists ... in the production of a complete two-year colJege level course
in Russian." The proposal advised that "pcrtinent decisions regarding personnel, institutional
sponsorship, and methodology for the production of such a course should be made only on a broadly
established basis of consensus among a widely representative group of scholars and specialists in
this field." The twenty-seven scbolars and specialists listed on the page opposite collaborated at tbe
conference to achieve tbat consensus, and designated nine persons, similarly listed, as an Advisory
Committee to the project.
Recommendations arising from the February 1960 conference and from the Advisory Committee
resulted in the naming and empowering of the Working Committee-: Dr. Clayton L. Dawson,
Professor and Chairman of the Slavic Department at Syracuse University (project coordinator);
Dr. Charles E. Bidwell, Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Slavic Languages
and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh; and Dr. Assya Humesky, Associate Professor of Russian
Language and Literature, University of Michigan. Syracuse University undertook to house and
administer the entire project, and assumed responsibility for the preparation of the new materials.
Both the University of Michigan conference and the University of Syracuse project to produce the
two-year course were supported by the U.S. Office of Education, under authority of TiUe VI of the
National Defense Education Act.
The University of Michigan, the University of Pittsburgh, and Syracuse University coopcrated by
granting leaves of absence to Drs. Humesky, Bidwell, and Dawson respectively. Along with these
universities, The American University, the Foreign Service Institute, Georgetown University,
Indiana University, 51. John's University, the State University College at New Paltz, New York,
and the University of Washington participated in the field testing of materials prior to publication,
providing helpful suggestions and encouragement. Generous help was provided in typing, advising,
and recording by a large group of native Russians teaching in the Slavic Department of Syracuse
University. Professors Robert L. Baker of Indiana University and Tatiana Cizevska of the University
of Illinois contributed timely information on culture and current usage out of their recent experience
in the Soviet Union. Finally, special critical evaluations and recommendations were provided by
Professors Baker, Richard Burgi of Princeton University, Kurt Klein of the University of Illinois,
and Laurence Thompson of the University of Washington.
Modem Russian, together with the recordings and the teacher's manual prepared to accompany it,
unique in both content and techniques in the Russian field, is the fruition of this cooperative group
effort.
MDUlERS Of' TIlE 1960 ANN ARBOR CONFERENCE
Emma Birkmaier University of Minnaota

Deming J. Brown University of Michigan
Edward J. Brown Brown University
William S. Cornyn Yale University
Clayton L. Dawson Syracuse University
Horace W. Dewey Universily of Michigan
William B. Edgerton Ifldiana Universily
Gordon Fairbanks Cornell University
Wayne D. Fisher Universi,y of Ch~ogo
A. Bruce Gaarder U.S. Office of Education
Fruma Gottschalk University of Chicago
Frances de Graaf Bryn Mawr Col/ege
Ernest F. Haden University of Texas
Morris Halle Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Heien Jacobson George Wtuhington University
Walter C. Jaskievicz FordJuun University
Harry H. Josselson Waylll! State University
Horace G. Lunl Harvard University
Thomas F. Magner Pe1lJJS}'Ivania State Universily
Fan Parker Brooklyn College
Lawrence Poslon University of Oklahoma
Peter Rudy Northwestern University
Leon Stilman Columbia University
Laurence G. Thompson University of Wtuhinglon
Leon Twarog Ohio State Universi'y
Donald D. Walsb Modern Language A5SOCiaiion
Francis J. Whitfield Universily of California
ADVlSORY COMMJTJEB
Robert L. Baker Indiana University

William S. Cornyn Yale University
William B. Edgerton Indiana Universi'y
Gordon Fairbanks Cort/ell University
Ernesl F. Haden Universily of Texas
Carleton Hodge Foreign &rvice Institute
Harlan Lane University of Michigan
Laurence C. Thompson University of Wtuhington
Francis J. Whitfield Universily of California
Introduction: Using Modern Russian
The matcriaJs of Modern Russian, like those of its prototype, the Modem Language Associa-
tion's Modern Spanish, provide a new kind of language course based on audio-lingual principles
and aimed at speaking proficiency within the framework of tbe traditional language program.
Modern Russian consists of two volumes of eighteen lessons each, designed for a two-year course
meeting from three to five hours a week.
Stressing the fundamental structural features of the contemporary spoken language, the thirty-
six lessons present a total vocabulary of some 2700 items. Magnetic tape recordings, available to
accompany the written materials, are an integral part of the two-year program. In addition, long-
playing disk recordings of basic portions of tbe lessons are obtainable for home study.
Audio-lingual principles assume that fluency in a foreign language is acquired less by intellectual
analysis than by intensive practice. Awareness of structure is acquired not by memorizing rules and
paradigms but by imitation and repetition of basic language patterns and by performance of drills
carefully constructed to capitalize on the leamer's natural inclination to analogize from material
already learned. Language learning thus properly begins with listening and repeating and only later
proceeds to reading and writing. These first two stages are of primary importance if the student is
to gain even a minimwn control of spoken Russian; for this reason we recommend strongly that
most material be presented and practiced with books closed, both in class and in the laboratory.
A lesson consists of the following parts designed to be used as suggested:
Preparation for Conversation. Anticipating the Conversation to follow, this part presents the
basic elements of the Conversation in the order of their appearance, together with parallel English
equivalents and, where needed, wilh phonetic transcription. This material provides a basis for
understanding and assimilating the Conversation. Supplementary related words and phrases are
also given here.
Conversations. Simulating situations of contemporary Soviet life, these introduce the basic
lexical and structural items of the lesson in dialogue form and in colloquial Russian. The first
v
four lessons contain a single Conversation each; the remaining lessons each contain a pair of Con-
versations. Notes explain points of cultural difference and of usage and style. For the first five
lessons a parallel English equivalent of each Conversation is provided. A phonetic transcription of
the Russian is also given as an aid to proper pronunciation in learning the materials; this is presented
consistently in the first ten lessons, but only to clarify special problems thereafter. The Conversations,
basic to each lesson, are best assimilated to the point of complete memorization. These are recorded
on the tapes-and on the records as well-for individual repeated listening and imitation. They are
presented in four stages: (I) the entire dialogue at natural speed without pauses; (2) the individual
sentences, broken down from the end, with pauses for student repetition; (3) complete utterdnces,
again with pauses for student repetition; and (4) the entire dialogue once again at natural speed
without pauses.
Bask Sentence Patterns. These are sets of patterned sentences, deriving from the Conversa-
tions and illustrating the major structural points of the lesson with the use of new and review
vocabulary. They are to be mastered through repeated practice. The Basic Sentence Patterns are
paralleled by English equivalents.
Pronunciation Practice. To instill habits of correct pronunciation, every lesson provides pro-
nunciation drills, frequently contrastive ones. Additional pronunciation drills, not appearing in the
text, are given in the Teacher's Manual and on the tapes. Lessons 6 through II each present an
Intonatioo Practice treating the fundamental patterns of simple sentences.
Structure and Drills. These form the grammatical heart of the course, generally treating four
or five major structural points per lesson. Each structural point is developed in five to twelve different
drills, with an average of ten responses. The student imitates the models given (generally there are
two, the first with an English equivalent), by responding orally to sentences, questions, and/or cues
in Russian provided by the teacher. The drills are widely varied: repetition, substitution, question-
answer, subject reversal, transformation, structure replacement, integration, expansion, and pro
gressive substitution. All drills are fully recorded on the tapes with appropriate pauses for student
responses, followed by the confirming responses. To make the procedure clear, the desired responses
for the first two lessons are printed in fuJI. A discussion of a structural point generally follows the
drills in which it has been developed.
Reading and Writing. Essentially a recapitulation of the lexical and structural items in lhe
lesson and a review of past items, this part is a reworking of the Conversation materials and provides
practice in reading. The portions presented in handwritten form invite practice in dictation or
copying (easily self-corrected), as well as in reading a cursive script. Translation of the readings is
not recommended; comprehension can best be checked by questions in Russian as provided in the
Teacher's Manual.
Experience suggests that presentation of dialogues is most effective when delivered at a normal
conversational speed in natural word groupings (not as words in isolation), with a natural intonation.
Class choral repetition is helpful in presenting new Conversations in order to bring the class into
active participation, and choral recitation of the parts of the dialogue by designated groups of the
class provides a useful check on memorizing the Conversations. Memorizing the Conversations,
though not indispensable, does result in higher achievement in the structural drills. Intensive drill
on the Preparation for Conversation and class practice on the Conversation, followed by the use
of the tape in the language laboratory and/or the records at home, can make memorizing the Con-
versation a relatively simple task.
vi
Practice in writing-whether mere copying or writing out drill responses specifically assigned
for that purpose-should not be neglected, despite the strong oral emphasis of Modern Russian.
The writing of selected drills tends to reinforce mastery of the structure and to check on progress
being made.
Normally a lesson will take five meetings to cover, though clearly the longer the time spent on
a lesson, the more complete the mastery of it is likely to be. The first four lessons are shorter and
may therefore be covered in four sessions each. Where classes meet only three hours a week, drills
which cannot be covered in class may be assigned for performance in a language laboratory. A course
of three class hours a week has been successfully given by Syracuse University with these materials
on just such a basis.
Contents
The Russ.ian sound system 3

1 The Russian (Cyrillic) alphabet and the writing system
Remarks on stress
5
7
Discrepancies between the sound system and the writing system 8
Preparation for Conversation: JO
Crylletrr II CT)'Ahr'rxa Boy student and girl student 12
Basic sentenoe paltems IJ
STRUCTURE AND DRIUS
The present tense of tbe first conjugation verb IlJ(ni 14
Preparation for Conversation: 19

2 ,llUliO .ac: HC H.D.eJT J haW'n"' seen you lor (J long time
Basic sentence pallems
21
22
Correspondence bctYI'CCII Cyrillic vowel letters and the vowel sounds 23
STRUCIVR AND DR1LL.S
The present tense of the first conjugation verb pa60nn. 25
The Russian handwriting system 28
Syllabification of words in RussiaD 33
Preparation for Conversation: J5

3 JIy'lllle 063)],00, 'fb.t IIHKorJl,li. Better late than
Basic sentence pauems
ne~er J7
J8
The altemation of voiced and voiceless consonants 39
STRUCTURE AND DRIUS
The present tense of the second oonjugation verb cueu.m. 43
Masculine, feminine, and plural endings of short-ronn adjectives 45
lIriRHe "mtCIo.'ItO READING AND WJUTlNG 47
4 Preparation for Conversation:

Puroe6p. o6weJO.u Conversation in fM dormitory
4'51
Basic sentence patterns 52
Introductory remarks on the Russian case system 53
Remarks on Siems and endings: tbe concept of '''zero'' ending 54
STRUCJURE AND DIUUS
Past tense of the verb 6Wn. 55
The accusative fonn of inanimate masculine and neul.er nouns 57
'heDe .. lIIIOoMO IU!ADING AND WIUTING 58
5 "ITo Ha oMA? Wha/'s/or dinner?
Preparation for Conversation:
63
64
BW y.ae noo6tJ1&JbI? Have you had dinner already? 65
Pronunciation prnc:tioe: hard versus soft consonants (ltJ \IS. [tl, Id] vs. [~I. [oj \IS. ['1D 68
Grammatical gender of nouns 69
Verbal aspects 10
STllUCTUllE AND DRIUS
Replacement of nouDS by third person pronouns: 611, oHi. ottO. and _ 12
IntcfTogatives kTO and omS 73
Introductory iTo 74
The irregular present tcose of xOTin. 75
The past tense 76
'ITe-e IIIICI.M6 IU!ADING AND WIUT1NG 78

6 nepewii . . . . )'tIlIBeparrfre
85
86
AMepMK'8HC1Ol.i CTylt(\wr 88
Basic sentence panams 89
Pronunciation practice: hard vel1lus soft consonants ((s] vs. [~l, [z] ...S. (~l, Ir) ...s. [rJ) 91
Intonation practice 92
The four noun declensions in Russian: cr6JI-, oKH6-, .eKi~, and lIBipb-class nouns 94
STRUCTUM AND ORiUS
The accusative singular of nouns ending in ... and ....
The second conjugation verb roBOpWn.
Possessive modifiers
"97
98
The perfective future of the first conjugation verbs uoini and a:Dn. 102
The second conjugation verb BJiJ.lnlo 104
Second person imperatives: familiar versus plural-polite forms 105
lITi:Iote ..o.MO 107

7 it 3A6Wn csOi 1JOI'T+Vao
111
112
Cry,/lbrrw JJ:IfWor 0 IIapOJIllX CCCP 114
Pronunciation practice: haed versus soft consonants ([P] s. lRJ, [bJ vs. ~). [m) s. (I{IJ) 118
Intonation practice: part I--questions without question words 119
SIllUCTUJU! AND DR.lU3
The nominative plural of nouns 120
The nominative plural of possessive modifiers 125
The prepositional case: singular and plural endings of nouns 127
Prepositions .. and Ha with the prepositional case 131
The personal pronouns and interrogatives KTO, 'fTO in the prepositional case 133
Remarks on stress shift in nouns 135
'heHHe K DMCb.'I10 136

8 rae totOi cnod,..!
141
142
B lW"a3IitIe 143
Pronunciation practice: hard versus soft consonants (Iv) '15. [y), [f) '15. [fl, (1] s. un 147
Intonation practice: part II--questions without question words 149
SIllucrt1ll.E AND DRIUS
To haw in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the present tense 150
To htn-e had in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the past tense 152
The genitive singular of nouns 154
The genitive of KTO, 'ITO, and the pen;onal pronouns 156
The genitive case in Hb coostructions 158
The genitive case in "" 6wJIo constructions 160
lfTCmte III DIIaoM6 163
x
9 3aM611811Te u MeHii ~o!
169
169
8~n 171
Pronunciation practice: hard consonants lkJ, [g), and Ix) and their sort counterparts ~J, lil, and I'll 176
Intonation practice: emphatic statements with rising-falling contours 177
STR.UcnJRE ANO OfUu.s
The prelX)Sition y; further uses with the genitive case 179
Prepositions meaningfrom: 113, C. and OT 182
Other prepositions requiring the genitive case 185
Verbs with infinitives ending in ..... : MOon. and CM6<u. 188
Further past tense drills 190
lfTi:ne IDIaoM6 192

8 cy666T)' 6yA)'T riKuw
195
197
198
Oner AYM8eT nom ~"M1f6 200
Pronunciation practice: unpaired consonants (~I, (f). Ie]. It], [~J. and [jJ) 204
Intonation practice: review of falling intonation contours 206
STRucruRll AND DRUJ..S
The accusative of tmi, 'ITO, and the personal pronouns 208
The accusative singular of nouns 210
Second conjugation verbs with a stem consonant change in the first person singular
present-future 213
The future of&.:m. and the formation of the imperfective future 215
KyJd and r.: directional versus Iocational conceptS 218
'Il..-e-e II DC:IIoMO 221
Preparation for Convenation: 225

11 B KIIJt6
'127
228
n6cJle~ 230
Pronunciation practice: double consonants 234
Intonation practice: review of rising and rising-falling contours 235
ST1t.UC11JRJl ANI) DRIUS
The present-future of first conjugation verbs patterned like pa66Tan. and ~ 237
The genitive plural of nouns 240
The accusative plural of nouns 243
The genitive case with lie fijJ1el' constructions 245
The genitive case for the direct object of negated verbs 246
Demonslrative trOT in the nominative, accusative, genitive, and prepositional ca~s 248
lf~ MIDICIoMO 250

M.:i .
Preparati~versation:
253
255
256
8 MoaaM! 258
Basic sentence pauems 259
Pronunciation practice: special consonant clusters 262
STRUCIUR.E ANI) DRILLS
Two-stem first conjugation Yerbs 263
Genitive plural noun ending!>: special problems 266
The use of the genitive after numbers 268
Unidirectional versus multidirectional verbs of motion 269
Long-fonn adjoct.ives: nominative singular and plural m
lfn-e mte:Wot6 276
xi
13 tUmine ~ t O Moa<sp
282
283
nOCJJjwaeM Rllacnitaal 285
Pronunciation practice: initial clusters with [f} or [rJ 289
STRUCTURE AND DRIlLS
The fonnation of the second person imperative 290
The declension of adjectives: Dominative, accusative, genitive, and prepositional cases 295
The declension o f . and the possessive modifiers: nominative, accusative. genitive, and
prepositional cases 299
Review of second conjugation verbs 302
lfTe-e .. mK:loMO 306

Ha TllHllU.
Preparation for Conversalion:
309
311
312
JiIl'B uD.XM8TW 313
Pronunciation practice: final clusters with Ir) or (r) 311
STIlUCT\.IRE AND OJUU..S
The dative of KTO, orrO, the: personal pronouns, and the reflexive penonal pronoun cdHi 318
The dative case in impersonal constructions 320
The: dative case with ..y..a1, H)'Qd, HjmIo, and ~ 323
The imperfective verb JUlun. and its perfective .a,jn. 325
Suggestions that include the speaker: part I-perfective verbs 327
Adverbs and short-form neuter adjectives ending in 0() 330
1.f1'fHHe H nMCbMo 331

notaeM to: Hi.~ Ka ,,-..uDcy-..
335
337
338
n.JlIII Dod3bfBaeT ~nny (20011'" 341
Basic scDtence patterns 342
Pronunciation practice: consonant clusters with [I) or UJ 345
STRUCTURE AND DRIll.S
The dative of nouns: singular and pluml 346
Dative constructions with H8Jlo 350
The past tense or the imperfective verb Jl.L{Ili and its prefixed perfecti~ derivatives 352
Suggestions that include the speaker: part ll-imperfective verbs 355
Impersonal constructions using the subjectless third person plural verb 356
1.fTituIe .. l:I'IlaoM6 358

Hec"uliC'T'HWH cnY'IaH
361
163
364
y LtOKropa 367
Pronunciation practice: the voKing of ordinarily unvoiced consonants 371
STRUCTUJU! AND DRIllS
Prepositions requiring the dative: ll; and go 371
The dative endings ofhar, 'Iii, and the possessive pronoun modifiers 375
The dative endings of adjectives: singular and plural 378
Reflexive verbs-part I 380
HpaJllrrl>CJl, DOlipliBHThC1l 383
1.fmlNe H UHCJoM6 385

]a f]MI6i.\UI
Prepamtion for Conversation:
389
391
392
nllp6r c f1l'M6a._ 394
Basic sentence patterns ]95
Pronunciation practice: the unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants 398
xii
STRUCTIJRE AND DRILLS
Nouns in the instrumental case 400
The instrumental oflO'6, 'ITO, the personal pronouns, and the rdl.e~ve personal pronoun ce6li 404
The instrumental ofiWT, ..ei, and the possessive modifiers 406
Reflexive verbs-part U 408
Nouns with declension irregularities: Min., A6-r... cWlI, ,ltipeeo, JDiicr 412
'lTi_ 11II IlJfCIoM6 414

18 npowii, ua.:&na!
422
424
npollliJu.Hu ~... 426
Pronunciation practice: clusters beginning with the letters c and] 431
STRUCTURE AND DRIUS
Use of the instrumental in the predicate with verbs of ~illg and becomillg 433
The instrumental of adjectives 436
Adjectives and pronouns (in adjectival form) which function as nouns 438
Rene;live verbs--part III 440
Perfectivization by prefix 110- to indicate a limited amount of the activity 443
LfTCt!He II IIHCbMO 44'
APPENDIX 449
VOCABULAR" 46'
476
xiii
Recordings for Modern Russian
Modern Russian 1
Side A: Side B:
Cassette Lesson Page Minutes Lesson Page Minutes
I I 3 45 2 19 31
2 3 35 46 4 49 31
3 5 61 30 5 74 25
4 6 83 43 6 99 39
5 7 109 28 7 122 29
6 7 127 25 7 III 27
7 8 139 54 8 156 55
8 9 167 29 9 180 27
9 9 185 26 9 189 24
10 JO 195 26 10 209 25
II 10 213 26 10 216 26
12 I1 225 23 II 237 24
13 II 240 30 II 245 30
14 12 253 40 12 268 36
15 13 279 30 Il 293 30
16 13 299 24 13 303 23
17 14 309 25 14 320 24
18 14 323 29 14 327 28
19 15 335 49 15 351 51
20 16 361 47 16 376 46
21 17 389 26 17 40 I 24
22 17 403 27 17 409 27
23 18 419 24 18 424 23
24 18 436 31 18 441 31
LESSON 1
The Russian sound system

Russian sounds may be divided into two basic groups: vowels and consonants.
A. The vowels
Russian has five basic vowel sounds, all of tbem shorter than the very approximate English
vowels given here for the sake of a rough comparison. l
[al star [tam, vas]
[0] po,1 [6n, n6s]
[el met [eIU, jel]
[i I machine [i, ivan]
luI lunar, soon [nu, kum]
As aids 10 pronunciation, we also give two additional symbols to represent positional variants
of [al and Ii].
sofa, about [papo, 6k,Ja I
ship, weary [bik, sin]
Sound Drill I: Practice the Russian examples illustrating the vowel sounds,
imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. 2
B. The consonants
Russian consonants fall into two main groups, which we call "hard" and "soft." Hard con-
sonants are pronounced with the main body of the tongue flattened, creating a hoJlow, open, mouth
cavity. Soft consonants, conversely, are pronounced with the tongue raised in an are, creating a
narrowed mouth cavity and a restricted passage of air.
The consonants may be divided into four subgroups: those which occur in both soft and hard
varieties regardless of what sound follows, those whose hardness or softness depends on the sound
that follows, those which are only hard, and those which are only soft.
, In illustrating the sounds we use a transcription based on Latin characters. some slightly modified in form.
I Sound Drills 1-5 are recorded on tape and printed in the Teacher's Manual.
3
1. Consonants which occur in both hard and soft varielies regardless of the sound that follows. I
[mJ moose [m6st, tam]

[", ] ","use [rpesb, rpM:;;]
[bJ boots [bab:>, buduJ
PI] beauty PIll, a'l&l.J
[pJ poor [papk., slapl
[eJ pure [sei , Il6sJ
[vJ voice [yam, sI6Y.1]
[yJ view [yiZ:), yeLk~ J
If] food em, s16f]
m feud [fin, astaO
[nJ DOW (n6s, v6n]
[QJ menu [Q6s, QCl)
[dJ do Ida, dim.)
[~] adieu, shouki you [~~', Ilim.]
It) stool (t6t, tut]
[II costume, what youth [16k, mall
[zJ zoom (z6n~, vw]
[~J presume (British), he's young (pma, vqmu]
[sJ SW'm (s6k, viis]
[IJ as."iiwne, lhis youth [lidu, eilm6 J
[rJ trined r (as in Spanish or Italian) [rnka, ur6k)
[r] soft trilled r (no equivalent) erika, govafll J
PJ belt [lampo, st61)
m million [lagn, still
Sound Drill 2: Practice the Russian examples illustrating these hard and soft
consonant pairs, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you
can. Notc that Russian consonants do not have the slight puff of breath char-
acteristic of such English consonants as p, t, and k in certain positions.
2. Consonants whose hardness or softness ordinarily depends on the sound that follows.
The consonants [k], [gJ, and [x] are ordinarily pronounced hard, but are replaced by their soft
alternates [~], [3J, and [;OS] respectively when followed by the vowels eel and [i]:
(kl skill, scal [kak, drukJ
[~J acute, cure [1pn6, ~em)
[gJ go [gum, g61:ls)
[gJ argue [n631, nage)
[x) (no English equivalent; something [xud6j, ax]
like the Scotch or German dJ. in
loch or adJ.)
[~) (son variety; no equivalent) (JPrpik, bran:sit)
Sound Drill 3 : Practice the Russian examples illustrating these sounds, imitating
your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
, In the transcription, I small hook under the k:tta marks the soft COlUOl1Int. Notice thaI lhe.soft COlUOl1IDt has.some-
whal the effect of a "y-like" glide rollowing the consonant.
4 LESSON I
3. Consonants which occur only in a hard variety regardless of the sound that follows:
[c] its, waltz [capC:::l, alec]
[<) shrimp [<Hr, !Utko)
[1] azure, leisure [!Uk, uze)
Sound Drill 4: Practice the Russian examples iUustrating these sounds. imitating
your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note that the Russian
[c] is a single sound unit. and that both ~J and (1J are articulated farther
back in tbe throat than the comparable English sounds.
4. Consonants which occur only in a soft variety, regardless of the sound that follows:
[f) doeap [Cis, doc)
!"J fresh cheese or wash sheets (pro- ~i, ji~]
nounced as a single sound unit)
yes, boy Ua, m6j)
Sound DrillS: Practice the Russian examples illustrating these sounds, imitating
your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
The Russian (CyriUic) alphabet and the writing system

Russian does not use the Latin alphabet employed by English and such Western European
languages as French. Gennan. Spanish, and Italian. Rather, Russian uses another alphabet, called
the Cyrillic. It is basically modeled after the Greek alphabet, but is supplemented by additional
symbols for certain sounds occurring in the Slavic languages but not in Greek. Other Slavic peoples
using the Cyrillic alphabet include the Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Bulgarians. Macedonians, and
Serbs; while the Czechs, Poles, Slovaks, Slovenes, and Croats use tbe Latin a1pbabet.
The Russian (Cyrillic) alphabet is given below in its conventional order, together with typical
pronunciations of the letters and illustrative examples. Note tbat most letter.> are pronounced in
more than one way, depending upon wbere tbey occur or the place of stress in the word.'
THE ALPHABIIT TYPICAL EXAMPLES

PRONUNCIATION
A a [aJ a,TiM
[a) MaMa
Ii 6 [b) 631(,6a6a
llIJ 66e. re6e
[P) 666, 6a6"a
B B [v) B3.M,B6T
[y) ,..;.
[I] BT6M
r r [g) roT6sa, T6ra

[gJ 6ere. T6re
[1<) 6er. M6r
[vJ TOr6. Ku6ro
I Stress is marked with all acute (.) accellt over the vowel.
LESSON I 5
)I, II IdJ Aa,.abM
[~] r,rt, BOJle, oach
[t] 06tJl, r6A. B6JlKa
E e [el o6tD.. Dena, Te

Ue] eM, e,neT
Ii] .n.6Me. 6e,aa
Ui] W, erb
r e 10] Mi.a.. TeTe
Uo] te, Moe
J1(lIC If] .aa*e. m.6a
(!] e_.o.ne*Ka
3 3 Iz] 38.86.a.. 6:ba
I~] JeB611:, &eXT
Is] 063, f.il
11 Ii] iii, JKM3, r8A

Ui] MOM, TBOIi
Ii] xNBi:T
Aii U] MOM. TaJC6ii, MaiKa, iO.IJ.
KK [kJ Kh, eOlt.ka

[%] KCM. lunij:j
JI Jl PI n6*I3, BHnxa,BHnen
m JlCA JIlho. 60neJHf
t
MM [m] Mbil, T3.M

['l'] Mtn, ttMJI
H. [0] HO, OHA
IQ] NeT, oHJj
00 [oj .nOM, 33.BO.ll.. OO,ltKa

raj OKII6, CJlO83
[al Mana, MOnOll:O
n II [PJ OOH,D;CM
fIl] .nlrJ, rJtlllJe
p p [r] pyKa, Milp
III ped, MOpe
Cc IsJ acWIOI. BaC, Jloaca

IiI cent CeMent He<=H
TT [I) TaM, npHoeT

ru liM, TeK
Yy [ul trPo. KY.n3, HlO'

<1>01> In 4t6PMa, +An
10 cIleVTa, 4)K/uinn
Xx Ix] ax, x6noJJ.Ho. xn66

I~] XHMHJ:. XuTp6B
6 lESSON I
Un [e] OTtn, napHQa
q
[] ..au, nO"lTa, Bpa..
ill w [I] wap, WYM, xopow6
11\ lU [!] mH, OOplU, erne

],1> (hard sign)'
bI bI [;1 TW, BbI, 6Wno, pa,llbl
b b (soft sign)'
:3 , [el tro, :TrOT, iTH, no:h

10 10 [u] BalDO, BCJO, 61Op6
Gu] tOOka, CBOtO, MOIO
jig [a] naTb, OnSTb. roeopiT
[i] mrrn, TSIXeno
Gal ., TB01i, CToD
G;] II3b1K
!P] neH.mil, JlO cBHll!mul
Remarks on stress
A. s~ in the word
A stressed vowel is one pronounced wiLb greater intensity or loudness than an unstressed vowel.
Words of more than one syllable can have only one syllable which is stressed in Russian. This con-
trasts sharply with English, when::: many words have more than one stress, for example:
ENGLISH propaganda
RUSSIAN npouaraKJ],a [p~pag{md~]
When words are combined in a sentence in Russian, certain short words may receive no stress.
For example, prepositions such as y and Ha, and the negative partjcle He arc nonnally pronounced
as though they were part of the following word:
yuee [UQij6]
H3 nO'iTy [nap6tul
He BH.a.CJl [Q;Y;Qil]
B. The major segment
A Russian sentence may consist of a single word or of one or more groups of words. Each group
contains one word which has an even stronger stress than any of the other stressed words in the
group. We call the groups major segments and the strongest stress in each group the major stress.
We call the remaining word stresses in the major segment secondary stresses. The boundary between
major segments represents a point where a short slowing up or pause may be made in speaking. In our
transcription, the major sentence stress will be indicated by a double accent mark ("), and the sec-
ondary or word stress will have a single acute accent mark ('). On the material printed in Cyrillic,
only the single accent mark will be used for both major sentence stress and word stress.
I The hard sign nipll.wii m&K and son sign Mlin.:1Ii 3Hh have no sound value. For a dC'$Criplion of Iheir function, see
page 9.
LESSON I 7
Division of a sentence into major segments will often depend on the individual speaking style
and tempo. A given sentence in rapid speech will be spoken with fewer major segments than the same
utterance in slow deliberate speech. But the segmentation is not arbilrary--there are some places
where a major segment boundary may be made and others where it will be rare or nonexistent. For
example, a major segment boundary does not occur between a preposition and the following word,
and it rarely occurs between an adjective and the noun it qualifies.
In neutral, unemphatic style, the major stress usually falls on the last word of each major
segment. In statements, a shift of the major stress (0 another word in the segment shifts the emphasis
to that word:
NEUTRAL .sf H).Ij ,ll,oM6U. [jf!. idli dam6j] I'm going home.
SPEClAL .sf.H,/.\Y ,lJ,OMOH. [ja idfi dam6j] I am going home.
or .sf W,ll,OMOH. (ja idli dam6j] Fm going home.
To sum up, we indicate the degrees of stress (loudness) as follows:
I. Major stress (one per major segment}---double accent mark on transcription, single accent
mark on CyriIlic.
2. Secondary or word stress (no more than one per word}-single acute accent mark.
3. No stress--no accent mark.
EXAMPLE Ii H,ll.y Ha notTy. [ja idu napi)Ctu]
Above all, the student should bear in mind that the best guide to accurate pronunciation is
the way a native speaker actually pronounces the words, not the written representation of stress.
Discrepancies between the sound system

and the writing system
A. Use of the same consonant letter to write both hanl and soft consonant varieties
As we know, most Russian consonant sounds come in hard and soft varieties. It is a peculiarity
of the writing system and the alphabet, however, that the same letter often represents both a hard
and soft consonant in writing. For example, both hard [n] and soft fQ] are written H in Cyrillic;
only the following letter can tell us whether it is hard or soft. Compare HOC [nos] with Hee [Qos].
B. Double set of vowel letters in the writing system

To preserve the distinction between hard and soft consonants in the writing system, the Russian
alphabet employs a double set of vowel letters which may be termed "hard-" and "soft-series"
vowel letters. [n themselves the vowels are neither hard nor soft; rather, they indicate the hardness
or softness of the preceding consonant. Thus "hard-series" vowel letter a typically follows a hard
consonant, and "soft-series" vowel letter H typically follows a soft consonant.
HARD SERlES $Off SERIES
a a
a e
bl H
0 C
Y 10
8 LESSON I
EXAMPLES
HARD CONSONANT PLUS VOWEL SOFf CONSONANT PLUS VOWEL
WlUlTEN 6. 60 6y 6. 6", 6. 6e 6H> 50 6"

PRONOUNCED [ba bo bu be hi1 [i}a i}o i}u i}e i}i I
WRITTEN ,,. AO Ay A' A'" AR .ae AH> Ae AM
PRONOUNCED (da do du de di) Ilia 40 4u 4e 4iJ
WRITTEN Ma MO My M' M'" MR Me MH> Me MY
PRONOUNCED [rna mo mu me mil ['Pa 'Po 'P u 'Pe <piJ
WIUTTEN TIl TO -re TH>
PRONOUNCED Ita 10
TY
tu
T3
te ""
tiJ
TR
[\" 10 IU
TO
\e
TR
\i1
The special symbol h indicates the softness of a preceding consonant when no vowel letter
follows. I Remember that this sign is not a vowel, Le., it has no independent sound value. It is merely
an alphabetic device to show that the preceding consonant is soft. It is written principally at tbe
end of a word or between consonants.
HARD CONSONANT NOT FOLLOWED SOFf CONSONANT NOT FOLLOWED
BY VOWEL BY VOWEL
WRITTEN cn\. table cr6m. so much

PRONOUNQ:D (stolJ [stoll
WRITTEN 6pAT brother 6pan. to taJc:e
PRONOUNCED [brat) [brall
WlUTTt'N yroll comer yrollh roa1
PRONOUNCED [ugolJ {ug:)U
WIUTTEN nOfu:a shelf nOm."a polka

PRONOUNCED [pOlbJ [pOlbJ
C. Soft-series vowel letters at the beginning of a word or following another vowel letter
Tbe soft-series vowelletlers ii, e, e, and 10, also serve another function. At the beginning of a word
following another vowel leller, they arc written to represent the consonant sound m
(written else-
where ii) plus a vowel. Thus H in these positions is equivalent to ii plus a; e is equivalent to ii plus 0;
e is equivalent to ii plus 3, and 10 is equivalent to ii plus y.
WRJlTEN MOR elK MaC MoeH wr MOJO

PRONOUNCED maja jO! maj6 majej juk maju]
The soft-series vowel letter H differs from the others in that tbere is usually no preceding [j]
sound in initial position, and there is a ratber weak [j] between vowels:
JiMj( MOM
(iIp:)] [maji] or [mail
D. The bani sign ... and soft sign h
There are two leHers in the Russian alphabet with no independent sound value. They are
called nep1lhlH 38llK hard sign ... and MTKKii 3HllK soft sign h.
'See item 0 below, fOf fuller treatment of this symbol.
LESSON I 9
I. THE SOFT' SIGN
Of the two symbols, the soft sign 10 is much more frequently encountered and serves two major
purposes:
a. To indicate consonant softness at the end of a word or before another consonant: onlo
[gatl five, TOJlbKO [t6lb] only, 'INTin. [titiU to read.
b. To indicate that a preceding consonant is soft and that the next vowel is preceded by the
sound [jj: cer.tbli [~iqlja] family, nbU [IDot] he drinks.
Note: Although the soft sign is sometimes written after the consonants and w for historic *
reasons, these consonants are nevertheless pronounced hard: Mymoli [mtdjaj husbands, H./leuu.
[i46~j you're going.
2. THE HARD SIGN
The hard sign 1> in modern Russian is only used after prefixes ending in a consonant followed
by a softseries vowel. It indicates that a [j] sound precedes this vowel: cWn [sjel) he ate Up. on..i3.a:
(atjest) departure.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
Except in certain fixed expressions, nouns are first given in their nominative case form. The nomina-
tive case is primarily used to indicate the subject of a sentence or clause. Russian nouns are of three
genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Masculine nouns usually terminate in a consonant letter,
feminine ones in -a or ....., and neuters in -0 or -e. The gender of nouns will be indicated in the
Preparation for Conversation only where it is not obvious from the nominative form, as for example:
. . . (f) door, Abn. (m) day. For the time being verbs and adjectives will be given only in the form
in which they occur in the conversation.
cryll,eHT (stu4ent] student

Ii) and
CTy.neHTK<l [stu4entka] girl student, coed
EureHidi liivgeQijJ Evgeny
HHHa [Qina) Nina
npHB';'- [Pri~l) greetings! regards! hi!
" _.... H"IIIIA."
.~" Hi, Nina!
Ubi H./leTe [vi i40ti] you're going, you're on your way
KY.lla [kuda] where, where to, to what place
KYlJ,a BY H/teTe? Where are you going?
ypC" (ur6k] lesson, a lesson, the lesson 2
Ha ypCk [n~urok) to the lesson, to dass
OeHMe fJleQ.ip] singing
ypCK neHHjI (ur6k ~Qi'p] singing class, a singing lesson
Ha yp6K oettu. To a singing lesson.
Ii HflY Ua iduJ I'm going, I'm on my way
R HJti Ha ypOK ne.u.. I'm going to a singing lesson.
a (a] and, but. by the way, how about

JloMoif (damojJ home, homeward
A BW .LJ:OMOB? And are you on your way home?
, Boldface sentences in the Preparation for Conw:rsalion are those lhat appear in the Conversation itself.
l Notice thai Russian does not haw: definite or indefinite anie1es corresponding to English Iltt. a, on.
10 I...R'iSON I
HiT [Qct] no
nO'ITa [p6Ct~ J post office
H8 no'lT)' [oap6Ctu) to the post office
HeY, Ji HJ.tY 118 no'lT)'. No, I'm on my way to the post office.
OHCbMO [gi~mo J a letter
nOCJlliTb nHchMo [paslat gi~m6J to send a letter
A HJti' HS ooarl'y nocmin. DHCbMO. I'm going to the post office to send a letter.
co6pAHHe [sabralJj~] meeting. a meeting, the meeting
6wo [bil~] was, there was
B'Iepa [~ir3] yesterday
B'Iepa 6brnO c06pafme? Was there a meeting yesterday?
CK<UlCHTe [skaziti] say! tell [me]!
Ctca:lKH-re, B'Iepa 6"'no C06p8.HHe? Say, was there a meeting yesterday?
6hLno [bil~] there was
He 6b1J10 [Qebila] there wasn't
Her, He 6b1J1o. No, there wasn't.
K.ITj6 [klup] club
B KJJj6e [fkhi~i] in the club, at the club
8 KJly6e? HiT ..e 6wno. At the club? No, there wasn't.
3ason [zav6t] plant, factory
Ha 33Bone [nazavQ4i] at the plant, at the factory
A KS laaO.lle? How ahout at the plant?
T3.M [tam] there
Ji He 6b1J1 [ja Qcbill I wasn't
.st T3.M He 6b1J1. I wasn't there.
HO [noJ but
6blJlO, HO Ii T1i.M lie 6b1n. There was [a meeting), but I wasn't there.
Hy [nul well
JOBKHHTe [izyiQ.iti] excuse [me]
Hy, M3DMnne. Well, excuse (me].
aBT66yc [aftobus] bus
MowasT06yc [moj aft6bus] my bus
ao,. u.nCT [vat iQol] here comes, there goes
80T lIJl:eT MOM BBT06yc. Here comes my hus.
no CBHJt3,1UIR [d~s'{idalJj;)] good-bye, I'll be seeing you
)],0 CBllLI.iJooI. Good-bye.
SUPPLEMENT
Ji HJtY [ja idu] I'm going

,,;, HAeWb [li iQM] you're going I
OH HlleT [00 iQat] he's going
oHiI H./l.CT [ana iQ6t] she's going
MhI HJleM [mt iQ6mJ we're going
BbI H./l.eTe [vi iQati] you're going l
outi HJl.Yr [aQi idut J they're going
, Tw you is used in addressing a dose friend or a member of one's family. BLt)'OIl is u!iCd in addressing a person where a
more formal relalionship e~ists. and it is also used whenever more than one person is addressed.
LESSON I 11
CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS
The following are some of the classroom words and expressions your instructor will be using.
Be sure you are able to recognize them when you hear them.
eme p<b [ji~C6 ras} once again, once more

nOBTopiITe (paftapti] repeat!
rIOJl<a.J1yMCTa [pazal';Jst<l J please
l"OBopiITe [g:waritil speak! talk!
rp6M'Ie [gr6mCiJ louder
BCe BMecre [f~e vrpestiJ all together
'1HTaMTe [citaj\i] read!
xopowo [x';Jm~61 good, fine, all right
[lJIOXO [plox;)J bad, poor, not good
JJy'lwe [Iuc~i] better
Boy student and girl student
The following symbols are used in the transcription of the conversations to give the student some
notion of the inflection of the voice at the end of a phrase or sentence:
.J, indicates a dropping off of the voice
t indicates a rise of the voice
I indicates voice level sustained
E. - EBn~HHH (Cl)',OeIlT) Evgeny (a student)
H. - HHH3 (CTy.neHTKa) Nina (a girl student)
E. TIpHeeT, HlbIa! priyet -Qin;) 1 Hi, Nina! Where are you going?
Ky.ua ebl lIlti:he? kuda vi iQoti 1
H. 2 Ha ypOK neHUR. n;}urok geQij;) 1 To a singing lesson. And you're
A ehl nOMoii? a vi damoj 1 on your way borne F
E. 3 Hh, vet j No, I'm on my way to the post

}:\ H.uY Ha OOlf1)' ja idu napoctu I office to send a letter.
nocJulTh mfcbMo. pas I,,! gijrn6j
H. 4 CKa)KHTe, skaZiti 1 Say, was there a meeting yester-
8lfepa 6bIJIO co6paHHe? fCinl bil;) sabraQj;) 1 day?
E. 5 B KJIy6e? fklii~i 1 At the club?l No, there wasn't.

HeT, ved
He 6hIJIO. Qebil:-J 1
H. 6 A Ha 3aBOll,e? a n;)lavOQi i How about at the plant? 4,j
E. 7 EhUlo, bil, I There was, but I wasn't there.

HO 51 TaM He 6h1Jl . n6 ja tam -Qebil !
Superscript numerals in the Conversation refer to the Notes immediately following.
12 LESSON I
H. 8 Hy, H3BIHlHTe. nu I izyiQit i ! Well, excuse me. Here comes my
BOT JUlCT vot i46t bus.
Moii a8T66yc. m6j aftobus 1
E. 9 Ao cBH,naaH.SI. ddSyidciQjd 1 I'll be seeing you.
H. 10 Ao CBH,aaHHjl. dosyida~j. j Good-bye.
NOTES I The terms ay.neHT and CTY~a refer only to university students, as com-
pared with y'feIIKK and yqemiqa which designate pupils or students below university
level. Russians make a much sharper distinction than we in the teIlllS used for
university level as opposed to pre-university level, for example:
UNIVERSITY LEVEL PRE-UNIVERSITY LEVEL
npo~p profenor }"IHTenb (m) Y'lItTe.rlbllHU,a (f) teacher
yHKBeptH"ra university mK6na school
nexI.UUI lecture yp6K lesson, class
1 Russian has two words K and a both meaning and. 11 is used as a simple con-
nector:
boy and girl student
whereas a is used to point up a contrast or to introduce a new topic:
.R itA)' Ha ypOK. A Bbl llOMOA 1 I'm going to a lesson. And you,
are you going home?
) KJ1j6 means club in the sense of a group of working associates who meet for
recreational or informal educational purposes. Clubs in the Soviet Union playa
political-educational role in encouraging useful bobbies such as radio, photography,
or airplane modeling; or in the study of technical subjects, malhematics, botany,
zoology, and so forth. Recreational activities include amateur performances, dances,
and games such as chess.
.. II is not uncommon in the Soviet Union for university students to work in
a factory during the day and attend classes in the evening. Unless they are excellent
students. secondary school graduates generaJly must work for two years before
entering the university.
, Notice that at in Russian is H8 in H8 Juone at the plant, but B in B ICJly6e
at the club. Certain nouns require the preposition 118 in this meaning, while other
nouns require B. In the same way, when these prepositions are used in the meaning
to, Ha must be used with JoOn (118. JaB6A 10 the plant) and B must be used with
1CJtj6 (8 1CJIj6 to the club).
Basic sentence patterns

The material in this section gives some of the possible variants of utterances found in the con-
versation. It is designed to provide the student with certain basic paltems before an analysis of the
structure is given and before be is asked to manipulate the specific grammatical items. In this way
it is hoped that he will not only be able to observe the over-all structural patterns of Russian, but also
have some ready-made utterances for active use when be begins to converse. The material should be
thoroughly drilled as repetition practice with books closed as the first step. After this, it may be used
for reading practice.
LESSON I 13
I. KY,1l;3 Bbl liJlCTe? Where are you going?
- Ha ypOK nemul. To a singing lesson.
- R lilly Ha yp6K m~lIml. ('m going to a singing lesson.
- Ha n6'lTy. To the post office.
- R 1i.n:Y Ha nO'lTY. I'm going to the post office.
- Ha c06p3HHe. To a meeting.
- R II,1l;y Ha c06pfulHc. I'm going 10 a meeting.
- Ha 3aa6Lt. To the plant.
- R li/.{y Ha 3aa6,11;. I'm going to the plant.
2. Kywl Tb' HlleWb? Where are you going?
- Ha n6'll")' nOCmlTh nHChM6. To the post office to send a letter.
- R HJJ,Y Ha nO'!Ty nOCJlaTb T1I1ChMO. I'm going to the post office to send a letter.
-):loM6H. Home.
- .R J.fJ.l:Y ,1I;OMOH. I'm going home.
- 8 KJ1Y6. To the club.
- R It,ll.Y B KJlY6. I'm going to the club.
3. 801' liLtCT M6H a.BTo6ye. Here comes my bus.
____ Ean~lIllH. _ _ _ _ Evgeny.
____ HHlla. _ _ _ _ Nina.
____ CTy,u,eHT. _____ a student.
____ cTy.n.eIlTKa. _ _ _ _ _ a girl student.
B6T llJI.y,. EareRHii Ii HHHa. Here come Evgeny and Nina.
____ CTy.n.CHT Ii e1)',1I;eHTKa. _ _ _ _ a boy and a girl student.
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The present tense of the first conjugation verb lIJ\T1i
Ii H.lly I'm going, I'm on my way, I'm coming

Thl li,1l;eWb you're going, you're on your way, you're coming
6H It,ll.CT he's going
alia Ii,1l;CT she's going
Mhl li,1l;eM we're going
abI It,ll.eTe you'rc going
OHH liLty,. they're going
REPETITION DRILL
Listen to your instructor (or the tape) and repeat the above pronoun-verb model until you can say
it perfectly.
REPETITION-SURSTITUTION DRILL
Repeat after your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can, imitating both the individual
words and the sentence intonation. Then, on hearing only the subject pronoun, give the fuIl sentence. 1
I Complete student answers are given in the first two lessons only. Allhough instructions for the drills are addressed 10
lhc student, he is advised to perfonn them without looking at the printed page, preferably with his book closed. Boldface type
always indicatcs the "model" sentence to be spoken by the studenl; the corresponding lightface sentence is the "model"
to be spoken by the teacher. The English translation appears in italic Iype.
14 LE'SSON 1
TEACHER STUDENT
I'm going home I'm going home.

ii: My JJ.OMOU. A IIJJ.Y JJ.oMoii.
TM un.ewb .D:OMOj:j. Tbl HJJ.ellU.. AOMO".
68 lIJ],CT ):lOMO". Oil H,!{e-r nOMOH.
Qua HJler llOMOii. 01130 lUleT AOMO".
Mbi un.eM llOMO". M bi H,lJ;eM ,D,oMoii.
Bbi: H,lJ,eTe nOMoH. Rbi HJleTe .a.oMoii.
OInt HAYr lloMon. OK" ItllYr JJ.OMOH.
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Answer the question, using Ha oO'fTY with both short and full answers. (In class two students may
participate.)
TEACHER STUIJNT
Where lire you going? To the post office.

Where are you going? I'm going to the post office.
KyJJ.3. Rbi H/lere? Ha nOln)'.
KYlla BbI HlIere? A KJti HS OOorTy.
KYAa 1"W ltlleWb'" Ha n6'1T)'.
KYA3. n:. HJ],emb? A MAY H3 n61(1)'.
Ky.n3 611 H,LleT? Ha n61fT}'.
KYllO. 611 MeT? 68 H,Aih H3 no'tTy.
Ky.na Mhz H,1l,eM? Ha n6lfT)'.
Ky,ui Mhi H,J.teM? Mba: HJleM H3 no'rry.
Ky~ OHa HJJ,eT? Ha n6'O)'.
KYM OHa H,/I,CT? QHa u,aeT H3 no'iTY.
KYAa obi: H,Qrn? Ha n6'fTY.
Ky.n:a Obi u.n.eTe? ii: HJl.y H3 n6lJTY
Ky~ QUM HJJ;jT? Ha nOlTy.
Ky.nA Olllt H,I:{jT? OHK ~ H3 nOlTy.
Answer the qucslion, using Ha c06pauHe. with both short and full answers.
TEACHER STUDENT
Where are you going, home? No, to a meeting.

Where are you going, home? No, I'm going to Q meeting.
Ky.na Bbi R,l.ten:, .noMoii'! Hh, ua co6piHHe.
Ky.na Bbi It,Llere, .nOMO"'! Hh, Ii HJJ:i Ha co6piHHe.
KYJl:a 611 R,l.teT, .nOMa"? Her, lIa co6pallHe.
Ky.na OH R,l.teT, .nOMon'! Her, Oil R,lleT Ha co6pAHltc.
Ky.na Olla lIJl.eT, .nOMa"'! HtT, H3 co6p3.HHe.
Ky.n3. Olla lIJl.eT, .nOMO" '! HtT, oua H.lJ.CT Ha co6p:iHue.
Ky.n3. Mbi lIJl.eM, .nOMOit'! HtT, H3 co6p3Hue.
Kyna Mbi lIJl.eM, .nOMa"'! Her, Mbi H.lJ.eM H3 co6pbute.
KYJl,a OHM IIJl.Yr, Jl,OMon '! Her, U2 co6prome.
Ky.ua OIlU IIJl.Yr, .nOM6H? HCT, OH" HAYr H2 coGpaHHe.
Kyna TLi HJl,eWb, .nOMOit? HCT, lIa co6p:iuHe.
Ky.na rn HJleWb, .nOMOit '! Her, Ji HAY H2 co6pIDflte.
LESSON I 15
Answer two ways, using liS ypOJ.: ueIIHH.
TEACHER STUDENT
Where's Nina going? To a singing lesson.

Where's Niffa going? Nina's going 10 a singing lesson.
Ky.na HJl,eTHHlla? Ha ypOK neHK",
KYAa HJl,eTHHHa? HMua HJJ.er Ha YpOK 001"11.
Ky.na HJl,CTEDreHH"? Ha yp6.IC nellHJI.
KY.ll.a H,QCT EDreHH"? EBreH"" HJleT Ha yp6K neHH.liI.
Ky.n.3 HJleT CT)'.ll.eHT? Ha yp6K DeHIIII.
KY.ll.3 HJlCT CTY.ll.eHT? CTy.ll.eHT HllCT Ha yp6K neuHJI.
Ky.n.3: H,QCT CTY.ll.eHTKa? Ha yp6K neHHJI.
Kyna HJler CT)'neHTlCa? CTyneHTICa HJl,eT lIa yp61C neu.HJI.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
Items to be cued by the teacher are indicated in parentheses.

J. The studenl is going to a meeling.
CTylleHT HJl,er lIa co6piurne. CTynewr HJJ.eT "a co6p2nHe,
(CrY.ll.eHT H c:ry.ll.eHTK:a) __ CTyneHT H CTY.ll.eHnr::a HJlYr Ha co6pAHHe.
(OH) _ 6H HJleT lIa co6pAHHe.
(OHa) _ OHa n.n.CT Ha co6~He.
(OHM) _ ORu HJJ.Yr Ha co6p3.HHe.
(E''''HH.) _ EBreHHA lUl.eT ua co6pauHe.
(HRHa) _ HUHa IUl.CT lIa co6pAHHe.
(EBreHHA H HHHa) _ EBreUII" H HHlla HJJ.jT lIa co6palme.
2. Here comes my bus.

8M HJJ,eT MoA aBTo6yc. BOT HJl,(IT MO. llBT66yc,
8M lUl.eT HUHa. BOT HJJ.er HRna,
_ _ _ (E''''HH.). 8M HJl,eT EBreHHA.
_ _ _ (CTY.ll.CIIT). 8M HJJ,CT CTYAeIlT.
_ _ _ (CTYHeHTXa). B6T HneT CTYAeUTka.
_ _ _ (M6A aDT66yc). BOT UAeT MoA aBT66yc.
_ _ _ (EBreIlHA H Huua). 86T HJl,Yr EBreHHH H HHlla.
_ _ _ (C'rY.ll.eHT H CTYAeIlTKa). BOT HAYr CTYAellT H CTYAeIlTKa.
Answer the following questions, using a pronoun and B KJly6 in the answer.
TEACHER SnJDENT
Where's Ihe student going? He's on his way 10 ,he club.

Kyna HJl,eT c:ryJJ,enT? 0" HJJ.eT B KJlY6.
Ky.n..3 HJJ.jT c:rynellTKa H CTY.ll.euT? Qmi HJJ,jT B JCJlY6.
Kyna lUleT EBreHKH? 611 K,llCT B J(JJY6.
Ky.n..3 ItJl;jT HHua H EBreEDdi? OHli "nYr B kJIj6.
Ky.aa H,ller BMlla? Qna K,llCT B J(JJY6.
Kyna HllYr c:ryneHT H c:ry.neHTK:a? OHM HllYr B XJJj6.
16 LESSON J
DISCUSSION
As you have noticed, the endings of the verb H,a:n1 in the prescnt tense change for each person
in the singular and plural. Thus the first person singular is Ii MM, second person singular ThI HJJ.Wn.,
third person singular OH (or ollli) HJJ.eT, and so forth.
The present stem of the verb is H.z:t-, and the stress is on the endings throughout the conjugation.
Note that the stem consonant .z:t is hard in the first person singular and third person plural, but is
son in all the 01 her fonns.
SINGULAR PLURAL
J .....j rid-ill II,il-eM [ill-<\m J

2 M,lI--ilUb I [ill-<\'I II,il-<::Te [ill-<\VI
3 .......... [iq-ot) 1I,il-Y"r lid-uti
This pattern of endings is typical of firs! conjugation verbs with the stress on the endings. There
are only two conjugations in Russian; the second will be discussed later.
It is important 10 Dote that IlI{Tli means both to be going and to be coming. It describes motion
in process and is generally restricted to going on foot.
, II is. convenlioa ill Russian 10 spell the socoud person singular ending wilh a ... even ll'lough the consonanl w cannOI
be pron<:lllCCll sort. NOIice abo thai since lbe Ieua i Qb"QY~ carries the SITC$S. it is unnec::e$5ary to mark the S~ funher.
USSON I 17
LESSON 2
He BH.Il.en [Qiyi~iIJ haven't seen, didn't see

Bac [vas] you (dir obj)
.Il.aBHO [davno] for a long time, a long time ago
,llaBHo DaC He DHJJ.eJl. I haven't seen you for a long time.
BC.o 3HMy [f~u ;pmu] all winter, all winter long
&.0 llhfy RaC He RM.Il.e.JI. I haven't seen you all winter.
K3K II.eJl3. [kag \lila] how is everytbing

:i long [il) ah,oh
A, KHpH.!I.!1 niB..rlOBM'f! Kite ,Il,cmi? Ah, Kirill Pavlovich! How is everything?
xopowo {x;)raS6) well, fine, good
cnacli60 [spa~ioo] thanks, thank you
XOPOlllo., cnacM60. Fine, thanks.
6oJlbHbi: [balni] sick, ill
ew 6wlIl [vi bili] you were
BbI 6wIH GORbIlM. You were sick.
Ji CJlWWaJI Uil sli~l) I heard
jl CJlblmaJI, Rbi 6bmH 6oJlbllbi. I heard you were sick.
3.1l.op6B [zdar6f] healthy, well, recovered
Teneph (\jgerl now
TCnePh li 3.1l.0pOB. I'm well now.
enORHe [fpaIQe] completely, fully, quite
}')ICe [uze I already, by now
Teneph Ji }')Ke BUORHe 3.1l.0p6B. I'm completely well now. (Lil. Now I already
completely well.)
HO [no] but
na Ida) yes
Ai, HO TCuepb Ii y:e 8110.!1..e lllOp08. Yes, but now I'm completely well. (Lit. Yes,
bUI now I already completely well.)
ropcooeT [gorsa yet) gorsovel (city council)

B ropcooeTC (vgorsa yeti I at the gorsovet
Bb! pa60Taere [vi raoot;)jiti) you work, you've been working
19
8b1 pa60TaeTe B ropcoBlhe? Do you work at the gorsovet?
Bee Cute [f~ jiCo] still, yet
B" Bee ewe paooTaue B ropc:oehe? Do you still work at the gorsovet?
j paOOTaIO [if!. rab6bjuJ I work
J],li, li see cute pa66r.uo 8 ropcoBm. Yes, I still work at the gorsovet.
TO.C (t6ti] too, also
ceua (~na] wife
.lti, II .eMa TO.e. Yes, and my wife [does] too.
aHa pa66TaeT (ana rab6l;)jitJ she works
J],a, H 'lKeHa TO)Ke pa66TaeT. Yes, and my wife works too.
CmdWaTb [sli~\l to hear
:lTO let;)) that, it, this
pa.. [,at) glad
Pi.a iTo e.m.auan.. Glad to hear it.
)laBHO? For a long time?
bee (0 [~J fall, autumn

C 6ceHH lsO~iQ.i] since autumn, since fall
,Qi, c OcetDl. Yes, since fall.
li enemy [ja sRi~uJ I'm hurrying, I'm in a hurry

Ha aBT66yc [n::mft6bus) for the bus, to catch a bus
.st enewy Ha aBTo6yc. I'm in a hurry to catch a bus.
113BMIII....e, Ii enemj Ma SBT66yc. Excuse me, I'm in a hurry to catch a bus.
npltBCT 1Kene (Priyed fiQe J regards to your wife, say hello to your wife
.lto CBIt.ltiHMIl. npM8k *ene. Good-bye. [Give my] regards to your wife.
acero xOpOwero [f~ivo xaro~iY.)) good-bye
cnacM60 [spa~ib::l) thanks, thank you
CnacWo. 8n) xop6wero. Thank you. Good-bye.
SUPPLEMENT
My,..: [mu~l husband

MYJtc H lKena [mu~ i fina) husband and wife
Tbl pa66Taewb [ti rab6l;)ji) you work, you've been working,
you're working, you do work
'"e [g~eJ where, at what place '
rAe nd pa66TaeWb? Where do you work. ?
- .st pa60TalO B KJIy6e. I work at the club.
OHH paOOTaIOT [3.Qi rab6t;)jutJ they work
r.lle OInt pa66TaIOT? Where do they work?
- OUM pa66TaIOT ua 3aBO.lle. They work at a plant.
Mbt pa66raeM (mi rab6l;)jim) we work
Mbt pa66raeM ua D<)'1Te. We work at the post office.
I There arc two words for ...hert in Russian: rAi and I(Y.d.
..:yIl,li 10 "'hOI plou.
r. means ...htrt in the 5tTlS<: 01 whur plou as opposed to
Compare rtti I .. pa60TlIen? - HI 31161lt. B ICJTY1le. Iii OO'ITt.

with Ky.d I" Illlfn? - HI hUll. B ICIJjfi. HI D60rry.
20 LESSON 2
,lI,aBHo BaC lie BUlleJl
1 haven't seen you for a long time
K.n. - KHPHnn: naBJIOBH'i UapaUXHH

Ce!>. - CCMeH <1>H.n1t.nnOBH'I XHTpOB
K.n. I CCMCII CllHJTHnnoBH'",l ~irp6n ftlipic! Semyon Filipovich! I I haven't

BctO 3HMy r~u ~imu seen you all winter.
eac He BUllen. vas Qiyi~il !
c.'!>. 2 A, H Ah, Kirill Pavlovich! 1 How

KHpHnJI naBJIOBUtI! ~irilpaliC) is everything?2
KaK nemi? kag \tila)
K.n. 3 Xoporno. cnacu60. x~raso I spa~n)O)! Fine, thanks. I heard you
oR CJlblWan, jli sli~l I were sick.
Bbl 6WlH 60JlbHhl. vi bili balni !
c.'!>. 4 !la. dill Yes. But now I'm completely
Ho renepb no ~ger I well. 2
Ii YJKC ja uie
B0011l1e 3,O,0pOB. fpah;;IlS' zdarM J.
K.n. 5 Bbl vi Ate you' still working at the
BCe ClUe r~6 jisco gorsovet ?J
pa60Taen raootaji\i
BropcoBe-re? vgorsaye\i!
c.'!>. 6 !la, diU Yes, and my wife is too.
II lKeHa TO:lKC. i :bna toti !
K.n. 7 lIa? da 1 Is that so? Glad to hear it.

Pa.a. :ho CJTblWaTb. rat eta slis::l\ ! For a long time?
,llaBHo? daVDO t
C.11l. 8 C ceeHM. soiQi J. Since fall. Excuse me, I'm

H3nmnfTe, izyiQit i ! hurrying to catch a bus.
}j enewy H3 3ST66yc. ja s~isu n::lafl6bus J.
K.n. 9 Ao cBHllaHHSI:. dasyidaQj:;, J. Goodbye. (Give my]
npHBb :lKeHc. pri yed iiQc ! regards to your wife.
c.eJ>. 10 Cnac60. spa~ib:} J. Thank you. Goodbye. 4
Bcero xopOlllero. f~iv6 xarosiv;) !
NOTES I Adult Russians commonly address each other by the first Dame and a middle
name derived from the father's first name. naBJIOBH'i and CbHJlltDDOBH'i are middle
names, or patronymics, formed by adding the suffix -OBIPI to tbe stem of first
names naDM Paul and CbHJlliJlII Philip. Daughters of naDM and CbHJUilln have
patronymics nliBJIOBI13 and CbHJllillllOBH3 respectively. with the feminine suffix
LESSON 2 21
-08Ha. Ir the rather's first name ends in -H, the patronymic suffix is spelled -eBH"t
(for the son) and -eBNa (for the daughter).
FATHER'S FlRST NAME SON'S PATRONYMIC DAUGHTER'S PATRONYMIC
HHKOJl3.H Nicholas HHKOJl3.CSII'l' HIIKonaeBHa
EBreHi-IH Eugene Esrel-ll1eSH'I EBreHHeBHa.
Halm John l1aauoBH'I I1BaHoBlia
KHPH.mJ Cyril KHpUJlJlOBH'I KHPHJlJlOBlla
CeMeH Simon CeMeHOBH'I CeMelloBHa
Patronymics are usually shortened in speech, for example: CCMeti lKJ1IfIlDOBH't
is usually pronounced hirp6n (ilipiC); KHpLrL'l niaJlOBH"t [~paliC); HHaa
CCMeHOSH3 (~n~ ~i1Jl6nn~].
Observe that the present tense forms of the verb to be (corresponding to

1
English am, is, are) arc usually not expressed in Russian:
KAx .nena? How is everything? (Lit. How things?)
..sf BIlOJlHC 3.nOpOB. I'm completely well. (Lit. I completely welL)
ropcoBiT (short for ropo1lcK6ii cosh) means city council and includes aU of
J
the administrative offices necessa.ry to run a city.
4 Beero xOpOUiero and 110 CBHlIli.HHK are used marc or less interchangeably in
saying good-bye. Note that both Been) and xOpOwero spell their last consonant
with a ,. but pronounce it [vJ: [r~iv6 xar6~iy,)J. This pronunciation of r as [vJ is
regular for adjective and pronoun endings spelled -oro and -ero.
I. r.ne rn pa66Taewb? Where do you work?

- ..sf pa6oTalO B rop:;oBere. I work at the gorsovet.
_____ B KJlY6e. _ _ al the club.
______ Ha 3aBO.ne. ___ in a plant.
_ _ _ _ _ _ Ha n6'1TC. ___ at the post office.
2. Tb.i .naSHO TaM pa66Taewb? Have you been working there long?
- )la, .na8HO. Yes, J have.
- .l.(a, YJKe .naBHO. Yes, for a long time now.
- )la, c OceHH. Yes, since fall.
- ,na, H )l(eHa TO)l(e. Yes, and my wife too.
- ,na, H My)l( TO)l(e. Yes, and my husband too.
3. ..sf BCIO 3"My sac He BH.AeJl. 1 I haven't seen you all winter.
~ .nasltO sac Ite BH.D.en. I haven't seen you in a long time.
..sf s':Iepa sac He 8w.a.en. I didn't see you yesterday.
- ..sf TOJKe sac He BH.nen. I didn't see you either.
I Tn.:, past lense (onn .i.!tM is u$Cd only wben the subject is masculine. II is replaced by."!ttJUl when the subjtt1 is
feminine: J1: acID :JUly de He UnCJl8.. J1: ,UIlHO de lie Il~. J1: I I . Ilk IlC UnCJfIl. JI T6lft de "e ....... M .
22 LESSON 2
4. I1JBHHHTe. R enemy. E",cuse mc, I'm in a hurry.
>l: enewy Ila 3BT66yc. I'm hurrying to the bus.
~_ _ Ha Ja80D.. _ _ _ _ _ to the plant.
~ Ha nO'iTY. _ _ _ _ _ to tbe post office.
_ _ _ 8lU!Y6. _ _ _ _ _ to tbe club.
_ _ _ B ropco&e"r. _ _ _ _ _ to the gorsovcl.
____ D.OMO". _ _ _ _ home.
Correspondence between cyrillic vowel letters

and the vowel sounds
The Russian vowel letters have already been discussed, particularly with reference to their
functions as indicators of softness or hardness of the preceding consonant. We bave also discussed
the particular function of the soft-series vowel letters, ii, e, M. e, to, as indicators of the presence
of a preceding UJ sound under certain conditions.
Ln the following paragraphs the Cyrillic vowel leiters will be presented, with examples of their
occurrence in both stressed and unstressed syllables. Observe carefully the correspondence between
the Cyrillic vowel leiters and their sound values, noting particularly that the position of a vowel in
relation to the stressed syllable often determines its sound value.
A. The Cyrillic letters Hand bI have appro",imately the same vowel sound in unstressed syllables
as in stressed syllables, [i) and [iJ respectively. Except for w, *, and Q, all consonants before Mare
pronounced soft; all consonants before bI are pronounced hard.
Kn" [iii! 0' BbicOKHM [v;s6lpj] high

HMeTb [""ell to possess 116BblH [n6vij] new
JIlOD.II Ilu~i] people 6bln3. [bila] was
MHIIjTa [J11inut~l minute
,,;, [Ii] you
B. The Cyrillic letters K) and y have the same vowel sound in unstressed syllables as in stressed
syllables: [u].
At the beginning of a word and after 'b, b, or a vowel, however, the letter 10 is pronounced
Uu]. Consonants preceding 10 are always pronounced soft; except for .. and lIl, all consonants before
yare pronounced hard.
~
ymma [uliQ] street rOBOptO [gov'ro! I speak

MUHyC [J11inusJ minus 3H3.K> [maju) I know
D.pyroj:j [drug6j] other nbtOT IJ!iUI] they drink
py6mt [rubiiJ rubles 00", Uug.] of the south
n"IDYl" LRi~ut) they write
JByK [zvukJ sound
yKCyC [uksus] vinegar
YlOTHO [ujutn:)] co'y
M6pK> [m6 ru ] to the sea
m061tTb Ilul>i\l lo love
LESSON 2 23
C. The Cyrillic letter e occurs only in stressed syllables and is consistently pronounced with
the vowel sound (0).
At the beginning of a word and afler I., h, or a vowel, the letter e is pronounced Uo]. Except
for w and *, consonants preceding e are pronounced soft.
He<: [QasJ he was carrying enKa Oal><.) spruce

TeMHblH [\6mnij] dark npllCM [ppjam) reception
Hj],eT [i(lat] he's going nbeT !Riat) he drinks
Note: In our text e will be consistently written with two dots to keep it distinct from e. Except
In textbooks and dictionaries, Russians do not normally make a distinction between e and e in
writing.
D. The Cyrillic leller 0 has the sound value (0] only in stressed syllables. In the syllable im-
mediately before the stress and at the very beginning of a word it is pronounced [a]. In aU other
positions the Cyrillic leller 0 is pronounced [~J. Except for. and w, consonants before 0 are aJways
pronounced hard.
060POT [abarot] turn ouo [anaJ it

xopowo [x;)ra~oJ good Bonp6c [vapr6s] . question
ropoJJ.oK [g;)rad6k] small town
onoao [ol~v)] tin
Monok6 [m:>Jak6) milk
TOnl>kO [talk.) only
E. The Cyrillic Jetter e has the sound (e] only in stressed syllables. In other positions it is
pronounced as [i), varying in value from the sound of the Englisb e in emit or react to a shorter,
more obscure sound as in the first syllable of dispatch.
In certain grammatical endings it is pronounced by some speakers as short [i] and by others
as [::I], for example, nOlle p6li] or [p6t::l). Remember that at the beginning of a word, or following
I., h, or a vowel, the letter e is pronounced with a preceding UJ sound. Except for w, *, and ..,
consonants before e are pronounced soft.
'{eJ]OselC [Cilayek) petron GOnce lb6lijiJ more
Moe" [majej) my ~nH [sjeli] they ate up
Jleno [(lel'l business oTbt3J1l1 [atjezcb] of the departure
Tenepb l\iRtr1 now '1be" [cjej) whose
nepcBeJlHTe [gipyi(li\i) translate
MeHI1 ['l'iQa] me
Ocn" OtsliJ if
eme Oi!C6) yet, still
F. The Cyrillic lelter:J occurs chiefly in words of non-Russian origin and almost always at the
beginning of a word. When stressed it has the sound value [e]; when unstressed it is heard as [I).
3TO let;)] this 3HeprHjI (iQ.ergij;)) energy

3TH \i) these :HaeH [ita1iJ floors
,xo [ex~J echo
3K3aMeil [igzaftlin] examination
)JleMeIJT [iliTJIent] element
Some Russian speakers, however, tend to pronounce ') as Ie) wherever it occurs, for example,
:Jri. [etM] or fir-at}.
14 LfSSON2
G. The Cyrillic letter H has the vowel sound la] in stressed syllables and the vowel sound Ii]
in unstressed syllables excepl for certain endings, where it has the value (;)]. Consonants preceding 11
are always pronounced soft. At Ihe beginning of a word and after b, "b. or a vowel, the leiter A is
pronounced with a preceding U] sound.
min lRall five JiCHO Uasn;)] clearly
nonJi [P*I fields RnTa Ua!t;)] Valla
MellJi ['l'iQaI me 113b1K OUikl language
MOpJi [maral seas
IIJlni lRili) five
rnA,lteTh [glillerl to gaze
; Oal I
The present tense of the first conjugation verb pa60TaTb
Ji pa66mlO I work, I'm working, I've been working

ThI: pa66TaeWb you work, you're working, you've been working
(m paoomeT he works
OHa pa66meT she works
Mbi' pa66TaeM we work
Ubi pa66TaeTc you work
OHii pa66TaIOT they work
REPETITION DRILL
Listcn to your instructor (or the tape) and repeat the abovc pronoun-verb model unlil you can say
it perfcctly.
REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
Repeat after your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can, imitating both the individual
words and the sentence intonation. Then, on hearing only the subject cue, give the full sentence.
TEACHER STUDENT
I. fm working noll'. I'm working now.

R Tenepb pa66TaJO. A Tenepb paooTaJO.
QHM TenCpb paOOTaJOT. 011I11 Tenepb paOOTllJOT.
Tw Tenepb paooTacwb. Tbi' Tenepb paoomewb.
Rbi' Tencpb pa66TaeTe. 8b! Tenepb paooTaeTe.
Mbi' Tencpb pa66TacM. M WTenepb paoomcM.
OH Tcnepb pa60TaeT. OH -renepb pa66TaCT.
Olla Tem!ipb pa6oTaeT. OHa Tenepb pa66TaeT.
LESSON 2 25
2. Il'I'ork roo, I work too,
..sf TOlKC pa66TafO. A TOloKC paooTslO.
Obi TOJKC pa6onurrc. B';' TO:C paooTaeTe.
Tbi TOJKC pa60Taewb. Tbi To"'e pa60TaClUh.
)f(ena TOJKC pa60TaeT. )Kena TOJKC paOOTaeT.
Omi TO"'C pa60TaeT. OHa TOJKC pa66TaeT.
My,.: TOlKC pa66TaeT. MYc TO*C paOOTaeT.
On TOJKe pa66TaeT. On TO.C paOOTaeT.
Mb.i TOJKC pa66TaCM. M';' TOJKC paOOTaCM.
OHM TOJK:C pa66TaJOT. On" To:ce paOOTaJOT.
QUESTIONANSWER DRILLS
Answcr the qucstions in the negativc according to the models givcn.

TEACHER STUDENT
Do you work? No, I dont.
Thl pa66Tacllih? He'r, lie pa60I'alO.
Dhl pa66TacTc? He-r. IIC pa60TalO.
)KCHa pa66TacT? HeT, lie pa60TaCT.
My,.: paOOTaCT? HeT, He paOOTaeT.
011" paOOTaJOT? HeT. HC paooTalOT.
OHa pa60TaCT? Her, He paooTaeT.
Ou paOOT3CT? HeT, HC pa6oTacT.
Using Kll nO"fTc. answer with both short and rull answers according to the models givcn.
Where do you .....ork? At the post office.
Where do you 'work? We .....ork at the post office.
r.l{e Obi paOOTaeTe? Ha no-rre.
rne 8b1 pa66TacTe? Mw PSOOTaeM as nOorre.
rne OHa paocnacT? Ha nO'fTe.
Cae OHa pa66Taer? OHa pa60TaeT Ha nO'fTe.
r.ae Thl pa66Taewb? Ha nO'fTe.
r.ae TbI pa66Taewb? ..sf pa60TaJO na nO'fTe.
r.ae OH" pa66TafOT? Ha nO'fTe.
r.ae OU" pa6oTafOT? Omi pa6oTalOT Ha nO'ITc.
rJIC OH pa6oTacT? Ha nO'ITc.
rll,e OH pa66TacT? all pa66TaCT ua nO'lTC,
SUBSTITUTION DRILL
He's been working there for a long time. He's been working there for a long time.
On naSHO riM paOOTaCT. DM AaBHO TaM paOOnCT.
)Kena naSRO TaM pa66TaCl. )Ke.ui Jl8SHO TiM pa6lrraer.
(ESreHII") _ ESreH"" .aaOHO raM paOOTaCT.
(HHua) _ H"na )laOHO niM paOOTaCT.
(Oua) _ OHa ,naSHO TaM: pa66TaeT.
(CeMeH) _ CCMeH ,nasnD T3.M paooraer.
(Ou,,) _ Olli, .naSHO TaM paOOTaIOT.
(Kllpllrtn H CeMeH) _ KHPK.rm 1.1 CeMeH A3SflO TaM paOOTaJOT.
(My,.J _ MYJK naBHO TaM paOOraCT.
26 LESSON 2
Following Ihe models, give both shorl and full answers.
TEACHER S1lJDENT
Ha)'e you been working at the club long? Yes, for a long time, since fall.
Have you been 'Working at the club long? Yes, Fve been working there sincefall.
Bbi .naallo pa60Taere B KJlj6e? lli, JJ.aBHo., c OceHK.
8WltaBHO pa66T'.teTe B XJlj6e? Ali. Ii paOOTatO TiM c 0ceI1H.
Oil ,naBllo pa66TaeT B xnj6e? JIa, ,naBIIO, C 6ceHH.
Oil ,naallO pa66TaeT B xnj6e? .D.a, Oil pa60TaeT TAM C 6ce1l1l.
dm! ,naallo pa60TaloT B ICJly6e? Aft, ltaBH6, c bcelm.
OHM J.taBIlO pa60TaK>T B ICny6e? ,Qfl. OHl-l pa60nUOT TaM C OceHIl.
OHa J.taBIIO pa60TaeT a ICny6e? .!l.fl, .lla8110, c OceHH.
Olla naBHb pa66TaeT a KJly6e? .!l.fl, olla paOOTaeT TaM c OceHH.
KHpiUrn ,nullb pa66TaeT B xJIj6e? Aa, ,naBuo, c OceHH.
KllpiUrn ltaBllb paOOTaeT B KJly6e? ,[la, ou pa66TaeT TAM C OceHH.
Tt:.! naBHO pa60TaellIh B KJJj6e? JU, .naBHO. c OceHH.
TbI: ltaBHb pa66Taelllh B KJly6e? Aa, R pa66TaK> raM c OceHH.
DISCUSSION
Like tmTH, the verb pa6ch8'rL belongs to the first conjugation. It differs from tmTH in thaI its
present stem appears to end in a vowel (pa60Ta-), whereas that or tmnt ends in a consonant (Il)t,-).
This is only a convention of the writing system, however, since the actual present stem of pa60ntTb
ends in the consonant sound [j). As we know, when [j) occurs between vowels it is expressed through
the "sort-series" vowel letters which follow. Thus we may contrast the written stem and endings
in the chart below with those of the transcription, which show the real division of stem and ending.
WRrrrEN FORMS TRANSCRJ PTI0N
STEM paooTa- rab6I~j-
SINGUlAR I pa6c)-ra-1O rab6I:>j-u

2 -elUb -i
3 -eT -it
PLURAL I -eM -om

2 -ere -iti
3 ->aT -u.
It is only in the imperative forms that tbe UJ or the stem is written with a separate leiter i:
paoonii (paooTaH-re)! work!
PaOOTaTb is typical of the "j-stem" verbs in that it has a fixed stress which falls on the same
syllable of the stem in aU forms.
LESSON 2 27
The Russian handwriting system
A. The alphabet
PRINTED WRrrrEN PRINTED WRlTTEN I'RINTED WRITrb'N
A a -----!;JL"-'L---'Cl/"""---_ K K _JJLX-"'---'K-"'----_ x X _-""X""--,,X,,-_
I> 6 ----"ffi=---"'--d_ JI JJ _-"~'-"---"vV"'___ L\ n UY;

B B -----"",$,----.-".-t_ M .. _--,af?&="--,,vU.-=_ 'I
r r~r~'V~~ H H _-"Ji'-"--'-rG-""---_ 1II m _-'LYt"",-""UV"--.
)l, n -----<?:>L~_';fy'----".'iJ,,--- o 0 _-"0'------"17'-----_ U\ m -m-"-,+--,,,"iI_

E e -----"G"----'/"'---~ n n _o'f(;"--",-v--,-~-,,,-_ b "
11 e -----'~"'--'e--"-----~ p ~qlLP----1-'!'V"---
P bILI =_
JK '" ---"JfC"-"----"'=-""'--_ c c C e.- h b ----',,'---_
3 3 ---z-:3--;1,f---'L-3_ T T _oJi(",-,-,/
V'----'-I1"-'=_ 3 3 _""'-3-----".3~_
11 H _U-""----"'Ck"---_ y y --------":!1"-----'fi<-- 10 10 _-,Jf),,--,,---,-/~~_
v
iii "--'U"-"----"'u:"----_ oj> ----""jJ~1J'---- _-"Jl""--'..>l/""---_
B. Reading practice
Conversations from Lessons I and 2 are given below in handwritten ronn as an introduction Lo the
handwriting system. Now that you are familiar with the conversations, you should have no real
difficulty reading them. Refer to the printed versions if necessary.
28 LfSSON 2
~-a4w-~~ ~.
~ fP~ / ~ J'M1f fa.e- 1- ~.
-.Il, ~ :f(;J,~/Xu:- r?-~~
~, Jt- ~,~
"'- k:.AM<&V? - ~ . .JCo. ~
~~.-~tc~~t~~?
-~_ .- ~ ~. _c;a"",? ~ 9fflq ~ . ~~?
-e acu=. ~, Jt- ~ +<4- ak+- -%-~-
+MJ<. ! .r~ :J>CU<l- / - ~. ~ ~ /
C. How the letters llrc formed
1. SMALL i.ElTERS
0 a Il 6 The first three lettcrs are formed in practically

the same way as in English. The leuen 6 and.
begin the same way as o. In 6, a vertical line
d
0'
J- f then goes upward and curves at the top to tbe
right. In .,., after the first circle, a straight ver-
G<{J tical stroke goes downward and then back up

along the same line, returning to the initial
I , 3 point and continuing up and clockwise to form
another circle.
y H jj The letters y and M are formed like the English

- handwritten y and u; ii is the same as M, but
~
IN W with the addition of a short half circle above.
(Write it immediately lest you forget.)
IU
The leiter II is also written like N, except thai
IU
"
~ 1M.. ~
it ends in a small loop below the line. Hand-
written wand w consist of three vertical lines
of equal height with a final drop to the line
(unlike the English written w). The UJ has a
small tail loop like 1(.
LESSON 2 29
b bI Make a small figure 6 to form the sort sign.
The wriuen hi starts with the same downstroke
and loop as b, swings up to a sharp peak. goes
down again. and then curves to the right. Both
letters are shon compared with the handwrit-
, ~ 3 ten B.
The first letter is written like onc variant of

the English handwritten r. The second is similar,
but ends in a small circle, resembling a combi-
nation of "t and b. (Some Russians replace 1.
with an apostrophe.) The third differs from the
first in that it does not have the short horizontal
line at the (OP, but is rounded.
These three leiters begin with a small hook
slightly above the line (remember this when
n M
joining these leiters 10 others). To form iii, begin
& with the same upward stroke as in 11 and /lI.
Then make a small counterclockwise circle at
the top, returning to the same point and ending
, :t >- 3 in a line down (Sf looks like JI with a small loop
to the left oC its top). Do not make the Russian
JI as tall as an English I.
The first two letters. D and T. arc Cormed

n K
much like the English handwriuen nand m. The
Russian to is written like tbe printed English k;
it is never tall with a loop as in the English
, ... 3
written k (Ie not Iu.
For II, start Crom the top down, then go back

" 10
halCway up the same line, turning to the right
and upward, then finally coming back down to
the line. To fonn fO, Collow the directions Cor II,
but continue the last stroke back upward to
, ,I. 3 Corm a circle.
For handwritten 3, begin at the top and

make a balf circle clockwise, then cui il in
'" half by a small horizontal line. For :4>:. start al
the top and makc the same halC circle, then
slant back up 10 the right, then straight down
and again up to the right; finish with anothcr
halC circle (like the English writtcn c) going in
the opposite direction.
30 LESSON 2
e 8 0 J These lellers are all formed much the same
l!- I
cr Jp}
way as in English. The letter e must be written
~(ne\ler -'-); the Ictter B must be wrillen tall
p c x and kept distinct from .. <.tversuskJ.
f(P)II c :x. (XI7

NOle: Russians do nol print words, even when they fill oul official forms by hand .
HANDWRITING DRILL
Practice copying the small leiters above until you can write them easily and accurately.
2. CAPITAL LEITERS!
A B iJ. K These arc similar to the English letters with

corresponding shapes.
o.IL :B 9J oX
H 0 C X
;X () e.- X
lK 11 ft JI M These are the same as their corresponding

;)J( U 11. JL, ~
small letters but taller and larger.
III ll\ L\ 3 10 JI
1JL ~ U ;) ;}{/ a..
r n Ii All four letters start with a basic line that
[J X s;- iP curves downward, turning to the left. The

fourth letter differs from the others only in
that it starts with a small flourish at the lOp.
d The same stroke in the first, second, and third
is the curved line from left to right that caps
{cj5J each leiter. The second has another downward

stroke, ending toward the right before the cap
is added. The third letter has as its third stroke
a large loop at the bottom (like a closed, looped
6gure 2). The fourth has two loops on either
side of the down stroke which resemble a
figure 8 on its side.
, Russian capital letters are used only al lhe beginning of the sentence, in proper names, and in the first word of a tilk.
Russians do nOi capitalitt the names of months, nationalities, centuries, professions, or ranks; nor do lbey capitalize the
personal pronoun Ii within a sentence.
LESSON 2 31
E Certain varieties of the English written
capital are acceptable. Start outside and make
~ the small top loop; the bottom half circle must
be larger than the upper onc.
For If, begin with an upward, clockwise
q curve, then make a downward, "u-shaped"
curve. slanting back and down, finally curving
~ tG, to the right on the line.
Capital Y is like the preceding Ictter, ex-
cept that the curved downward stroke goes to
y the left. Unlike its small counterpart, capital
ZJ Y

Y starts high above the base line and mllst not
extend below the line.
HANDWRITING DRILL
Practice copying the capilal leiters until you can write them easily and accurately.
D. Summary remarks on the handwriting system
I. All Russian capital letters except m and U have their base on the line and extend above it;
Wand U. each has a small loop which extends below the linc.
2. Small handwriuen letters are of two types: long and short.
a. Long lellers
Three long letters have their base on the line and extend above it.
t d ,ndd
Five long letters have their base on thc line and extcnd below it.
b. Shori letters
All the remaining letters are of the same height and are wrincn on the line except wand II,
each of which has a short loop below the line.
3. Most Ictters are joined together in writing; however,

to the following leher.
d
--
and
--
7J
are usually not connected
32 LESSON 2
4. The IClIers 1, A, p. r. :lIld x, may be handwrillcn in two ways.
'}. 3 rr,7 10. IV
The first variant in each pair is the one used more frequently. Some Russians draw a horizontal
linc above +n..-. and below Ut.- to make these letters stand out better. The student is advised to use
the first variant of +n...- be:::-he cannot substitute the usual English written tfor Russian-{-.
COPYING AND HANDWRiTiNG PRACTICE

J. Copy the handwritten versions of the first two conversations, ~ing careful to observe tbe
connections of the letters. 2. Return to the first two conversations in printed form and copy each
in handwriting.
SyUabification of words in Russian

80th in pronouncing words by syllable and in dividing them at the end. of a written line, there
are certain important principles that should be followed.
In pronunciation, the basic pallern is to end a syllable with a vowel wherever possible.
cna--cH-60 [spa-~i-ooJ thanks
pa-66-Ta-e-Te [ra-b6-ta-ji-ti] [you] work
IUl--cbM6 l!l;-lm6] letter
CKa-)I(H-TC [ska-fHi] tell [me)! say!
no-BTo-pH-Te [p....fta-r>-\;) repeat!
Consonant clusters beginning with p, n, H, and" are usually divided after these consonants.
Final consonants are, of course, treated as part of the syllable which they end.
Ka-paH-,nalli [Krran-dM] pencil
'ut-tiH-re [c;.-taH;) read!
nOJJ-ka [p6l-k,) shelf
'j-HI+--BCp-cH-Ter [u-Qi-yir,i--v~t) university
In dividing wriuen words at the end of a line, these same general rules apply, but there is
slightly more leeway in the division f)f clusters of consonants. For example, cecrpa may be divided
ce-cTp:i (as in pronunciation), cec-T]ta, or cecr-pi. Doubled letters are always divided when carried
over to the next line, for example, AH-aa and ooA-AiT... Single letters are never left at the end of
onc line or at the beginning of the next.
LESSON 2 33
LESSON 3
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION JIY'Iwe n031lUO, '1fM HHKOr;:l,a
J1y'lwe [hic~i) better

00311110 (p6zn~] late
'1CM [cern) than
IIHKOr,na [Qikagda] never
Ry'llUC n03JJ.HO, 'IeM IIHKOflla. Better late than never.
3,llpaoCTByiiTe [zdraSluHi]' hello
Jle., 311pauCTByiiTe! Hello. Lev!
Rbi CneWHTe [vi SRi~itil you're hurrying
KyAi. 0':' coeuofyc? Where afC you hurrying to?
}'lIllOCpcHTCT IUt.li'{i~itetJ university

B ytlHaepcHTe-r [vuQiyir~i\et] to the university
~ cnewy B YHHBePCItTeT. I'm hurrying to the university.
KOHuepT [kancert J concert
H3 KOHuc!:pr [n:Jkancert} to a concert
B yHHOepcHTCT, U3 KOiluepr. To the university, to a concert.
.R enemy B ytlIlOCpcMTCT, lIa KOIIU:(:PT. I'm hurrying to the university,
to a concert.
IlllTepeCHO [intiresn:>] that's interesting
6ecIlJlaTHo f9isplatn:>] r",.,
HKTcpeclto. 3m 6ecnmlTHo? That's interesting. Is it free?
[pajVJ
1I0HTI-l to go
[Obi] xOTIhe [vi xaVtiJ you want
XOTiiTe nom? Do you want to go?
YAoB6nbC"nme (udav6lstyij~1 pleasure
C YJlOBOnbCTBHeM! [sudav6tst yij:)m I With pleasure! or I'd Jove to!
, l~)"iTe is simplJliod In pronunciation to something that rangd from (zdrastuWlto Inlrf,~HiJ. dependmg on the
tempo of speech and the informality of the speaker. Note also that ..ol!UlO is pronouna:d without lI. : [p6zmJ. Oustet'$ of
three or more oon50nants are usually simplified. and Jl and T lire usually omitted between COlllOnan\$ except lit the: beginning
of a word: lIpil!lHMl<: Iplf,~,kJ holiday.
35
Db! .aenacTe [vi \Iel;)jiti] you're doing
'fTO [SIO) what
4TO Db!: .aenaeTe? What are you doing?
KCraTH [kst3.ti) by the way, incidentally
Kcd:TM, 'ITO 8W Tenepb ne..lJane l' By the way, what are you doing now?
na60paTopHSI (Iaooratopj;)] laboratory
D na60paTopHH [vl;)ooratorijiJ in a laboratory
A pa66TalO 8 na60paTopHH. I work in a laboratory.
13K CKy'lHO [tak sku~n;)J I [it's] so dull, [it's] SO boring
TaM Tal' CKfllHn. It's so boring there.
DOCTYIlaiiTe yllHBepcHTCT
D enroll at the university! enter the univer
(JxlsIUpaW VUlJi yir~itet] sity!
TaK [t;)k] in that case, then
Tal' flOCTYUaiiTe B yHHBepclITiT. Then enroll at the university.
lInl DW! You can't mean it! or You're oat serious!
Y)Ke 0(3)),HO [u:fe pozm~ ] it's already late, it's too late
Mite [mQc] for me, to me
Mue YJKC n03JJ.Ho. It's too late for me.
Mue Tenepb yJto.-e Deh/lHo. It's too late for me now.
rOBOpn [t-lvaratJ they say, people say

[BW] 3UaeTe [vi znaji\i) you know
3HaeTe, rQBoph... [znajiti g:'lvarat] you know [what] they say ...
3Uline, r080JHiT: uJ1yllwe u03A1ln, llhot You know [what] they say: "Better late than
lIHKOI,/.ui". never:'
SUPPLEMENT
palla early
Eme pallO. It's early yet or It's too early.
33.IUlT (m) he's busy, occupied, tied up
3allrn (f) she's busy, occupied, tied up
33.IUlTbi (pi) we're busy, occupied, tied up
BbI: 33.HJlTbl? Are you busy?
- ,[I,a, Ii 3aHSIT (or laIlSITa). Yes, I am.
'laC,.o often
.st 'faCTO pa6oTalo D na60paT6pl1H. I often work in the laboratory.
pe,QKO rarely, seldom
.st pe./l.KO pa66T3.1O D na60paTopHH. I rarely work in the laboratory.
HHor,na sometimes
.st HHOOta pa66T3.lO D na60paTopHH. I sometimes work in the laboratory.
IlHKOr,lta ne never
Ii HHKor,na He pa66TaJO D na60paTopHH. I never work in the laboratory.
ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS
OTseq,Hhe latyicajti] or OTUeTbTe answer!

[atyeni ]
OTlipOihe KtIHrH. (alkrojti KQigi) Open your books.
, cq-'IIIO IS pronounced [slni~n;)] by some spc;lken. jskutn;)] by others.
36 LESSON 3
'3uKpo'nTe Klllint. [zakroj\i k~ligil Close your books.
npaBIUlbiiO [pra Yiln;) J right, that's right
lIenpaBHnbBo [Qipra yiin;)] wrong, that's wrong
rocnomiH [g:>spaQin} Me.
rocnmd [g~spazaJ Miss, Mrs.
rOCl'lo.na [g;:Jspada 1 ladies and gentlemen, everybody, everyone
laKpOHTe KIlHrl1, rocno.na. Close your books, everyone.
Obi: nOIUlMaeTe? (vi IX'Qimajiti] Do you understand '1
~ If nOIlHM{uO. Un IX'Qimaju) I understand.
JI yqrne m>J.llHO, qeM HOKOr.lla

Beller late than never
M.-MHna Jl. -JICB
M. fleB, Iff! Hello Lev. Where are you

3,ll,paBCTByHTe! zdrastujti 1 hurrying to?
Ky.ua ObI CneWHTe? kuda vi SRisiti 1
JI. 2 B yllH6CpcilTb, vUQiYiI1itet 1 To the university, to a concert.
Ha KOHUCpT. n~kancert 1
M. 3 HHTepeeHO. in\iresn~ t That's interesting. Is it free?
31'0 6ecnllaTllo? et~ l?ispltHn~ t
JI. 4 .lIa. diij Yes. Do you want to gO?1
XOTHTe nOHnt? xati\i pajti t
M. 5 C y,uoaollbcTBHCM! sudavolstyij~rn 1 I'd love to 1
JI. 6 KCT3.TH, kstii\i ! By the way, what are you doing

'ITO Dbl Tenepb sto vi tiger now?2
,Ll,enaeTe? ~eloji\i !
M. 7 Pa60Talo rabot~ju I work in a laboratory. It's so dull
B na60paTOp"H. vl~ooratoriji 1 there!
TaM 1'3.K CKY'H10! tam tfik skusn::ll
JI. g TaK nocTymHiTe t::lk PQstupajti Enroll at the university then. J
B yHHOepcHTeT. vuQ-iyiqitet 1
M. 9 41'0 abl! 5tO vi! You're not serious! It's too late for
MHe Tenepb mQ-e tiger me now.
p<e n03JtHo. uze pozn;) 1
JI. 10 3HaeTC, znajiti 1 You know what they say: "Better
rOBoph: ~vara( I late than never."
ttfly'lwe n03AHo, lucsi pOzn::l t
'1eM HHKorAa. cern Q.ikagd1i 1
LESSON 3 37
NOTES , Verbs in Russian almost always come in pairs called "imperfective" and
'perfectivc.' noiini is the perfective member of the imperfective-perfective pair of
verbs HllTH and noiint. The imperfective member of the verbal pair usually describes
an action viewed as a process (HATli to be going); the perfective usually describes
an action in terms of its accomplishment or result (nom to go). Verbal pairs
usually have the same root, but differ in their prefix or in their stem. The system
of paired verbs is called "aspect," and the choice of which verb to use-imper-
fective or perfective-depends on how the Russian speaker views the action.
In these early lessons, the student will encounter verbs of both aspects and will
practice them as he meets them, without being expected to know both members of
a particular pair or how one is formed in relation to the other.
J Russian adverbs. unlike those in English, are usually placed before the verb:
4TO 8M Tcnepb ,ll,e.naeTe? What are you doing now?
B'fcpa 6W110 c06p{uHte? Was there a meeting yesterday?
Jj nl.\t He 6b1J1. I wasn't there.
It is also normal to place direct object pronouns before the verb.
Jj BOO 3ilMy uae

lie BH./te11. I haven't seen you all winter.
Jj llalmO saeHe Billle11. I haven't seen yOIl in a long time.
Pan. iTO CJlblwan.. Glad to hear it.
) The stressed word Tit.: in TiK cKj'fHO means so and differs from the un
stressed TaK [bk] in TaK oocrynaiiTc B )lIHsepetrreT, which means then, ill rhat case.
I. KYl1a Tbl cnewHwb? Where are you hurrying to?

- B YIU18epcI1Tth. To the university.
- 8 "11Y6. To the club.
- Ha co6piIrne. To a meeting.
- Ha nO'fTY. To the post office.
- Ha KOHUepT. To a concert.
- Ha yp6K. To class.
- Ha ypOK neHHjI. To a singing class.
- Ha aBT66yc. To the bus.
- Ha 3aJlo.n. To the plant.
- AOMOi!. Home.
2. KYl1a Bbl cncuuhe? Where are you hurrying to?
- Jj cnemy B IUIY6. I'm hurrying to the club.
_ _ _ _ B YJlHBepcHTb". _ _ _ _ _ to the university.
_ _ _ _ Ha co6pimtc. _ _ _ _ _ 10 the meeting.
_ _ _ _ Ha no'lT)'. _ _ _ _ _ to the post office.
_ _ _ _ lIa ypOK. _ _ _ _ _ to class.
_____ lJa ypOK nblilH. _ _ _ _ _ lO a singing class.
__~__ Ha aBT66yc. _ _ _ _ _ to the bus.
_____ lIa 33BOJJ,. _ _ _ _ _ to the plant.
_____ AOMOH. _ _ _ _ home.
38 LESSON 3
3. XOTIhe nouni Ha KOIIUepT? Wanl 10 go to the concert?
_ _ _ _ _ _ Ha c06pflHHe? _______ to the meeting?
_ _ _ _ _ _ ua nO'fTy? _______ to the post office?
_ _ _ _ _ B KJly6? ______ to the club?
_ _ _ _ _ _ B )'HHBepcHTeT? ________ to the university?
_ _ _ _ _ _ B)'HHBePCHTeT, Ha KOHUCpT? ________ to the university, to a concert?
4. XoniTe nouru B KJly6? Want to go to the club?
--c y~oB6~bCTBHeM. I'd love 10.
-- Lla . .st ~aBH6 TaM He 6hl~. Yes, I haven'l been there for a long time.
-- )lao .st ~aBH6 TaM He 6hl~a.1 Yes, _
-- HC"r, Ii 3amrr. No, I'm busy.
-- Hch, Ii 3amrra. 1 No, _
-- He-r, Ii )')ICe TaM 6blJl. No, I was already there.
-- HeT, Ji )')ICe TaM 6blmL I No, _
-- Hh, TaM TaK CKy'lHO. No, it's so boring there.
- H&r, )')ICe m')3,IJ,HO. No, it's [too] late.
- HeT, ell.le paHO. No, it's still early.
5. tho Bbl Tenepb .QenaeTe? What do you do now?
- Pa6oTalO B na60paT6pHH. I work in a laboratory.
_ _ _ _ _ Ha 3aBO.ne. _ _ at the plant.
_ _ _ _ B KnY6e. ___ at the club.
_ _ _ _ _ B rOpcOBere. ___ at the gorsovet.
_ _ _ _ _ a yUHBepcJ.:l.TeTe. ___ at the university.
_ _ _ _ _ Ha nO'fTe. _ _ at the post office.
6. Kymi cneWHT flea, Ha 3aBo.n? Where's Lev hurrying to, the plant?
- HeT, 113 coGpau"e. No, to a meeting.
- HeT, ua yp6K neHlIR. No, to a singing lesson.
KY.ll.a cneW:lT HUlla H KHpH.nn? Where are Nina and Kirill hurrying to?
- Omi cnewaT a KJlY6. They're hurrying to the club.
- Omi cnewa-r a na60paTopmo. They're hurrying to the laboratory.
KY.ll.3 Bbl CneUlHTe, EartH"u? Where are you hurrying to, Evgeny?
- R cnemy B yllilBepcHTeT. I'm hurrying 10 the university.
- R cnemy Ha KOHUepT. I'm hurrying to a concert.
The alternation of voiced and voiceless consonants

Besides the important feature of hardness and softness, the Russian consonant system is
dominated by another significant element: the presence or absence of what is called "voice."
A voiced consonant is one pronounced with an accompanying vibration of Ihe vocal cords.
For example, the Russian [b,~; v, y; d, 9; z,~] are all considered voiced consonants. So, too, are
the English b in boys, v in view, d in dog, and z in zip.
In contrast, a \'oiceless (or unvoiced) consonant is one pronounced without this accompanying
vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the Russian [p, g; f, f; t, t; s, ~] are all considered voiceless
consonants in the system. Similarly, the English pin poise,finfew, t in togs, and s in sip are voiceless
consonants.
The main difference between the Russian and English treatment of tbe voiced and voiceless
consonants is that in Russian there is a systematic replacement of one by the other under prescribed
circumstances while in English there is not. We can pronounce the English gooseberry wilh either
I Feminine speaker.
LESSON 3 39
an [s] or a (z) sound, and both are acceptable. Russian, however, requires that the written JJ. of
.o!lKa be pronounced (t) because it occurs before (k), an unvoiced consonant: [votb).
Although all Russian consonant sounds may be characterized as voiced or voiceless, not all
occur in opposed pairs. The following chart shows the regularly opposed pairs.
Voiced b \> v y d Q z f z g
SOUNDS
Voiceless p R f r I \ s I ! k
The consonants (x, ~, c, c, ~l are all voiceless, but do not have voiced counterparts that operate
independently in the system. They can, however, affect the pronunciation of a preceding consonant.
The consonants (r, f, I, l, m, rp, n, Q, j) possess voice, but have no corresponding voiceless counter-
parts. They are considered "neutral" because they do not determine the pronunciation of other
consonants occurring in combination with them.
In terms of the Russian writing system, the paired voiced and voiceless consonants may be
indicated as follows:
Voiced 6 6b B Bb Ab , '" r
A
'"
Voiceless n nb 4> 4>' T Tb C Cb W <
Since the writing system does not accurately refleci the spoken language, it is essential for the
student to know which consonants are voiced, which are voiceless, and, especially, which are paired
in terms of voice or absence of voice. This is important because, in certain positions, only consonant
sounds of one or the other series are spoken, regardless of the spelling. The automatic alternation
of voiced and voiceless consonant sounds operates, UDder the following conditions. within a word
or combination of words spoken together as a unit. 1
A. At the end of a word, consonanlS ordinarily voiced are replaced automatically by their
unvoiced counterparts.
ANAL POSITION NON-FINAL POSITION
roTOR [geIOf] ready rOTo8a [gatov;)J ready
,..OA [zavot] plant JasolU>l [zavOdi] plants
rpH6 [gpp[ mushroom rpH6b:i [gribi] mushrooms
6'lepe.n b [6<!ir i\] line 6lepe.IDt [6<! ir iQi] lines
B. Consonants in clusters, either within one word or in adjacent words pronounced without a
break, are assimilated to the extent that the entire cluster is pronounced either voiceless or voiced.
Note, in the following examples. that it is the second or last voiced or voiceless consonant in the
series that determines how the preceding consonant(s) will be pronounced.
1. VOICELESS CLUSTERS
SPELLED PRONOUNCED
B" in R'fCpa yesterday [IC] in [lCira]
'A n0e3JJ. train [st) [p6jist]
6< Kop66Ka bo< [pk] [karopb]
acT B CTOile in the desk [fst] [fsta[c [
A< 80JJ.h"3 vodka [Ik] [v6tk~]
, .
BtvTj6e at the club [fk] [fklu\>;)
, SilKlC' the rn:utnli oonsonanls p. iI. II. lot. and i do noc playa pari in lhe alternallon of voiced and voicelcss oonsonanlS.
lhey win be excluded from chis disclls.~ion.
40 LESSON 3
2. VOICED CLUSTERS
Kli.. ltcJl3 how are things [g~) [kag~ila)

""
eb6
'" np6c..6a request [fbI
'" [peofoo]
rdJ..-..:e likewise, too [gfl [tagfi)
"'"
The consonant B (ab) must be considered a special case. Allhaugh it undergoes unvOIcmg
(i.e., it is pronounced as [fJ or [0 either in final position or when followed by an unvoiced consonant),
it docs nol cause a normally voiceless consonant preceding it to become voiced. Thus, both .JBiJtH
(with cluster (zvJ) and cs.ari (with cluster [sv)) ex.ist in Russian.
To summarize, we may say thaI the assimilation of consonants is a regressive process in Russian:
the last element affects tbat which precedes it. Thus, in the following series, Position 2 dctcnnines
the quality of Position J in terms of voice or its lack.
POSITION J POSITION 2
a. Ordinarily voiced consonants

are pronounced voiceless here when a word boundary or pause
! ~
roTtle follows.
[""tol]
b. Ordinarily voiced consonants are

pronounced voiceless her wben a voiceless consonant
,7.~
SOJ.lKa follows.
[v6Ik3]
c. Ordinarily voiceless consonants are

pronounced voiced here when a I'oiced consonant (other
.H
TalOKe than B) follows.
[tagfi]
VOICING AND UNVOICING DRILLS

Read the following Cyrillic words, noting the automatic changes in pronunciation that take place
in certain positions.
I. UNVOICING AT END OF WORDS
6 pronounced [p 1 61. pronounced w] 8 pronounced (11
""6 (rap) CkOp6L [sko'll] XPYWCS [xrulMl]
cna6 [slap] JJl:6b [pg] JIes Oel]
rpH6 [gpp] ."oob [deogl Typreues (turgeQif]
CToJl6
n66
(stolp)
[lop)
rony6L
JW6b
[golugl
[zig] ""'"
KOB
[!il]
[001]
3y6 (zlip J pli6h [ragl enoB [slol]
.ll:Y6 (dup] rpa6b [grag] 6eTpoB [Ost...1]
pli6 [rapi 66b [ogl "epa (ri]
pes [rol]
o6phlB [abrill
CH';" [s~al]
L!OSON 3 41
Db pronounced [0 r pronounced [k] .It pronounced [t]
nplf63.Bb (PriMO war [ID) pa~ [ralJ

3aCT3.Bb [zastaO CHer [S9 ok J ca.n [sal)
6yp3.Bb [bur.\O 6eper PIOpkJ 06e~ [a\>OIJ
JUOOOBb OubOO lIer 06kJ lIell 061J
MOpKOBb [man:oO mHr [kk) BUll evil)
6p6Bb [br60 nup6r !Jlir6kJ rO.n [g61J
KpOBb [kr60 .npyr [druk) ropoll [gornt]
HOBb [n60 Kpyr [kruk) p"" [rat)
'!ePBb [~rO lOr OukJ cTh<~ [stlt)
66yBb [6buO
JJ.b pronounced ltl )I( pronunced ~] :J pronounced [s]
"""".
rlIa.nb
[kla\l
[g1aIJ
rap3.:lK
,TII><
[garalJ
[ltalJ
pa,
rna,
[rasJ
[g1asJ
~b [Iitra\l uap6Kb [narB) rh [gasJ
lIOWa,llb 06! il) ell: 06!J pacel:b {raskas]
nlIOWa.Ab (p16!Ci\l
MeM ['l'o\l
CTpHJIC
UO:llC
[strll ]
[n61J
0'"
XOlIX03
[vlJis]
[kalx6s]
O'lepellb [6CipI! y>< [ul] MOpa3 [mar6s)
6Yllb [bUI) My>< [mu~J COI03 [sajus]
3aM}0lC [zamulJ
:Jb pronounced [~]
M83b [m"';) CjJb [SU~)

lI83b O"';J rplOb [W~J
ClIO,. [s[<jJ CBlOb [sya~J
p&lb [~J KU.H3b [k9a~1
cmbb [sV~) 6i3b l1Ia~ J
Bp63b [vr6~l
2. UNVOICING BEFORE AN UNVOICED OONSONANT
B pronounced [f] 6 pronounced (p J r pronounced [k)
DCIO [r~uJ 06ul.ldi: [6p!Cij) 6OrcTBo PIOkSlVoJ

B'Iepa [ffulI) pw6u [ripk.) KOlTli [k6k \'l1
8XOll [fx61) pi6'!"x [[lIpelkJ u6rTll [n61<\')
aBT66yc [aft6busJ y.n66cno [udopsoo] lKenuHH [f6k~ijl
ooua [afcaJ lUle6ua [xlo"",,] 3Arc [zaksJ
npo.n.a8wHua [proxiafStic:l] Kop66Ka [kar6pb] .neITJI' [~6kl'J
B 'laC [rcas) Boo6we [Y.)ap~] miITe [[akll)
B Kop66Ke [fkar6p~i] nOCTpHrwH [pastrik~jJ
BOOJme [fpa1 9oJ
42 LESSON 3
A pronounced It) .. pronounced [~] J pronounced [s)
JloJlKa [Iotk~] IOUfJKKa [k~lb] 6mbKo IbIJsk,]

UOXO.llKa [paxotbj HeYx'ro [oju~t~] CK3.JKa [sUsk,]
6moJllte [b[uteo] noxKa [16Ik,] n6e3.ll [pOj;",]
MOJlO.lluU [m~latciJ Ha,ae)kJl [na'iClt] alllr [yJsk]
80.llJt::a [v6tk~] HY>ut [nult) M03r [m6sk]
Jar.ia.K3 (zagath) HeMHO)kICO [oimno~k~1 .llp03.ll [dr6st)
HMuHCh (na'gil] H3 TaHl(3 [istAnb]
no./t cHeroM [paISoeg;lm) CJle3Ka [sI6sb]
HM co66" (n:ltsab6j]
3. VOICING BEFORE A VOICED (X)NSONANT
.. pronounced (gJ c pronounced (z] T pronounced (d]
r.\D<e [tagZi) CTOpaTh [zgarall OT ropo.na [adgor;xb]

KaJ:: .ne.na [kag4Jla] c6m [z~i\] OT 6paTIl [adbrat~]
BOnin [v3gzal] croaop (zg6wr] OT66" [adOOj]
JoaMell [igWjUnj c60p [zOOr] QT)kaTh [adfall
alleKJlOT (aQigdot] c66pml.K [zOO '\lJk] (Yr.u". [bdzif]
K :lKene [gZJQc] c.lla<Ja [zdalo] OT 3aaHCTH [adzayJl\i]
K3HMe [lW'l'c] C TOphi [zgari) OTIKHJI [bd!il]
K 6a6c [gba~ij OT6p6cbl [adbrosiJ
I( JI.6My [gd6mu) OT )KeHbl (adzini]
K3.KGbI [kagbi] oTra,naTb [adgadall
Ch pronounced [~] n. pronounced (~)
np6ct.6a [pr6p.o] ce.ruiTb6a [li~'ibo]

Kocb6a (ka~ba) :(eHHn.6a [fiQi'ib,j
MOJIOTb6il [m,la'iba]
The present tense of the second conjugation verb CJleunfrL
li cnemy I'm hurrying, I'm in a hurry

TlJ CneWHrnb you're hurrying, you're in a hurry
Oll cneuuiT he's hurrying
OHa CneW"T she's hurrying
Mbl cnewliM we're hurrying
Bbl CneW"Te you're hurrying
011" cnewfn they're hurrying
LESSON 3 43
REPETITION DRILLS I
I. Listen to your instructor (or the tape) and repeat thc preceding pronoun-vcrb model until you
can say it perfectly.
2. fm hurrying to a lesson.
T: .sf enewy 113 yp6K.
S: )1 cnemy Ha }'POK'.
QHM cnewaT Ha yp6K.
8b1 CnernHTe ua ypOJC.
Qua cneWMT ua yp6JC.
Mbl cneWHM lIa yp6K.
011 cneWHT Ha yp6tc.
TbI: cneWHWb lIa yp6JC.
I. Where are you hurrying to? 2. Where are you hurrying, home?
We're hurrying to a concert. No, rm hurrying to the post office.
T: Ky.a3 Bbl cnewHTe? T: Kyna BbI: cnewHTe, nOM6"?
s: Mw cnewlOt Ha KOOuepT. s: Her, Ii cnewj IdI D6arry.
T: Ky.a3 on cnewHT? T: Ky,aa oml cnewHT, nOMoit?
s: Oil cneuuiT Ha kOfulepT. s: Her, 0lU1 cneunrr Ha u6orry.
KYM OlUt cnew3T? Ky.n3. OHM cnew3.T, .aOMOn?
Ky.oa TbI cnewHwb? Kyna Oil CnelUHT, LlOMO"?
Ky.rta OIU\. cnewMT? Ky.rta TbI cncwHwb, nOMO"'?
KYM MbI: CnCW"M?
Using B Yluu~epcHTe-r, Student I first replies Using Ha aBT06yc, answer the question
with a short answer. then Student 2 replies with both short and full answers.
with a full answer.
3. Where are )'ou hurrying 10? 4. Where are you going in such a hurry?
To the un;~ersity. To catch a bus.
rm hurrying to the university. rm Illirrying to catch a bus.
T: Ky.aa Obi CnCW"TC? T: Kyna aLI TaK cllcwHTe?
51: 8 yllHBepcHTlh. SI: Ha aB'l'66ye.
S2: )1 cneUlY B yIIHBcpcHreT. S2: )1 enemy "a a8T06ye.
H"Ha, KHP"JlJI, Kyona Ohl ellCUl"Tc? Kyna 611 TaK CnCWH'"?
Ky.aa Tbl cncUJ"Wb? Kyn3 OUH Ttu< cncwaT'1
KYll,a 6n cncwHT? Kyna Mbf T3K eIlCUHtM?
Ky.rtfl amI. cncwHT? Ky.aa Tbl TaK CtrCWltWb?
KY1l<l 011" cncwftT? Kyna alia TaK CnCUlliT?
5. Where are you hurrying 10, the laboralory?

No, fm }/lIrryi1lg to the club.
T: KYll,a abl cnewHTe, B Jla60paTopmo? Kyna 611 cncwHT, 0 Jla60paTopHf{)?
s: He-r, j cnemY B KJlj6. Kyna OIlH cnew3.T, a Jla60pUT6puf{)?
T: Kyna TbI cnewHwb, a Jla6opaTopmo? Ky;:u\ TbI: cnewMwb, B Jla60paT6pllf{)?
s: HeT, j cnelUY B K'Jlj6. Kynit aHa cnewHT, B Jla60paT6pHf{)?
Kyna obi: enewHTe, a Jla60paTOpHf{)?
, Beginning wllh thIS lesson, both tnc teacher and student sentellCe$ an: Included in tnc same column.
44 LffiSON 3
DISCUSSION
CoernHn. is a second conjugation verb with the stress on the endings.
SINGUUR PLURAL
I mew-y cnew-HM
2 -IfWb -om:
3 -1fT -aT
Second conjugation verbs have linking vowel H, (cncwHwb, cnewHT, CllCWHM, cnewHTe) where
first conjugation verbs have e or e (pa66Taewb, lflleWb). Where first conjugation verbs have Ihe third
person plural ending in -yr or -toT (HlJ,jT, paOOTatoT), second conjugation verbs have -aT or -lIT
(cnewaT, rOBOp"). It is only in the first person singular (hat first and second conjugation verbs share
(he common ending -y or -to.
Examples of other second conjugation verbs so far encountered:'

c.'lbiwan. to hear
CnJ:dut-y, e.m:1ut-HWb, c..nbIut-HT, CJ1LlllJ-HM, cnL'lLU-HTe, CJIb1LU-aT
rOBOpH"fI> to speak. say
rORop-lo, roeop-Jiwb, rOROp-IIT, rORop-HM, rOBop-RTe, rOBop-liT
CTOliTb to stand
CTa-IO, erD-RWb, CTa-IIT, cTa-liM, CTD-HTe, era-liT
Masculine, feminine, and plural endings of short-form adjectives
MASCULINE .R (rn, Oil) JaUSlT. I'm (you're, he's) busy.

SUBJECT pa. glad.
JlI 0 POB. well.
66nell. sick .
FEMININE ..s1 (Tbl, ollii) JallRTa. I'm (you're. shc's) busy.

SUBJECT
pa.aa. glad.
JJlopOea. well.
6onbHa. sick.
PLURAL Mbf (BM, OHIt) J3HJ1Tb1. We're (you're, they're) busy.

SUBJECT paabl. glad.
3JlOpOBbl. well.
6onbilLI. sick.
REPETITION DRILL
Listen to your instructor (or the lape) and repeat the above models until you can say them perfectly.
I These verbs arc given here primarily 10 show ending and Slress panems. They will be drilled laler.
USSON 3 45
REPETITIONSUBSTITUTION DRILLS
Repeal after your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can, imitating both the individual
words and the sentence intonation. Then, on hearing only the subject cue, supply the full utterance
according to the given model.
I. rm blLsy now. 2. Are you glad 10 hear il?
T: .sf Tenepb 3aIUlT. T: Tbi pan iTO C1Ib1WaTb?
s: A Tenepb J.iuwr. S: Tw pliiJt iTo em:uua..... ?
T: 01130 Tenepb 33IUITa. T: OHa p3.na iTO C1IbIWaTb ?
s: ORa Teneph 3aum. s: Olui paJta :ITo ClIbuuan. ?
(OHM, ShoI, HHHa, :lKellli, M~, MhoI, MH.rta) (CeMell, omi, U:apanICuII, BbI, MMa)
3. Tm completely well. 4. Tm sick.

T: .sf snonue 3.ll0pOS. T: .sf 60nell.
s: A aooJIIle 3.ll0pOS. s: Jt MJlCH.
T: Omf SnOnHe 3JJ.0p6Sbl. T: Om't 60111011<1.
s: 0111' SDOJIIle 3JtOpOSbI. s: Olla 6oJIblla.
(Sbl, >KeHa, omi, EsrcHilii) (MHJla H CCMell, Bhl, EBremiH, Mhl,
HHlla)
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Lev, are you busy? 2. Nil/a, are you still sick?

No, Fm not busy. No, Fm completely weill/OW.
T: 11es, ill :lAHn? T: "Hila, Rbi see eme 6onbllbl?
s: HeT, Ii He 3aun. s: Hh, Ii nnepb BoolIue 3.lopOaa.
T: HMlla, ill 3aurn? T: KllpliJut, ill ace eme 6611ell?
s: Hh, Ii He JaHsrra. s: Hh, Ii TeuePh BDOJlHe 3.llopOa.
(MMa, XIrrp6s, Kllpw nWOSH'I, CeMeH <DHJlHOnOBH'I, Bhol aee eme 6onbllbl?
HMlla CeMenoslla, CeMell) MHna, TbI see eme 6onhu3?
EBrefllul, TbI Bee cme 66ncII?
Kllpw na01l0DH'I, Dbl Bee ewe 601lbubl:?
SUSSTITUTION DRILL
fm glad to hear that.

T: .sf pan iTO CJJblwaTb.
S: Jt pa,ll, no CJlbIlUaTb.
" (M ~) ,------,---_-,--
s: Mw paw.. iTO CJwwaTb.
(OIlH, K"pw, :lKella, CeMell
<DHJlHnnOSH'I, 01130, HHlla H Mlina, Oil)
46 LESSON 3
DISCUSSION
MASCULINE FEMININE PLURAL
- -a -Y
The shorl-form adjectives agree with their subject in gender or number. Note that those used
wilh masculine subjects have no ending, those used with feminine subjects end in -a, and those used
with plural subjects end in _..... 1
Note that the stress may shift 10 the ending, particularly in the feminine form: OKi laRg-ni.
(Compare il wilh OK :u'IUIT.)
If the slem ends in more than one consonant. the masculine fonn may contain a vowel that
does nOI appear in the other forms. This vowel appears belween the last two consonants of the
slem. Compare Ott M.!lett with oHli 6oJW:li, W 6o.rn.itW. The soft sign is written in the feminine and
plural forms to indicate that the 11 is soft.
4TEHHE H nl1CbMO READING AND WRITING
The conversalion for Lesson 3 is presented here in handwritten form for reading and copying
practice.
-J(J,' ~ ~?rfU7':~~
~ 2
-$ 1H.a- ~.- ~8tno-

~(M?U<.(Y 1- - :ita. Xo-m..um.e ~ C ~tr'
.1.. -
J.17~, - ~I V>u>- k ~ p--

v<ahtn. 2- - $akn.a.r j! -t-ado/z-anu7j'U<AA.-, .71~
tn~ ~. -~ rf- ~-
i'nur k ,I JliH.e ~ tpt-e ~,I
1-o-t-~ "Jl~ /U'r7','Ur/ U',M:.
/1
, T1'le neuter short adjective ending _0 is excluded from this disclrnion for practical reasons since Ihe subjects used
""th these: adjI:Ctlvc:s are mostly masculine, feminine. or plural.
L.ESSON 3 47
LESSON 4
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION PS3rOBOp B 06lQe:lti:HnlH
06WeJkHTHe [apSeiti~ij~] donnilOry

B06weDntH [~pti1i\ijiJ in t.he donnitory
paJroB6p [~zgav6rJ conversation
PaJrOBOp B 06l1.teJKHl"HH. Conversation in the dormitory.
BOHni (prv)1 (vajti] to enter, come in, go in
MQ:lkHQ (m6tn;)) it's possible, one may
M6tHO 80m? May I come in?
kOHe'fHO [ka9csn;)] 2 of course, certainly
3aXOJlHTb {~x.a4iU to drop in, stop by, call [on someone]
3aXO.rtH l~xaQi] come in!
33.nepri 1~l1irlal) locked
llBePb (f) [d yel J door
~aepb He JanepTa. The door isn't locked.
3axo.nH! ){Bepb He Janeyra. Come in! The door iso't locked.
6bITb [bill to be
.Ii 6blm't. [ja bila] I (f) was, I've been
311l1Tl.. [zna\] to know
Tbl JllaClllb [Ii znajis] you know
3H<'t.ewb, r.Qe Ji 6bI1l<1? Know where I've been?
Bee YrPo [r~ (Jtm] all morning
lwi.eulI>, rJU~ li 6b1JUi Bee jTpo? Know where I've been all morning?
r6poJ], {g6171] city. town
B r6po~e Ivg6~iJ in the city, in town, downtown
A 6WJui B ropo,tl,e. I've been downtown.
no~apoK (padAr"k] gift, present
i nOlcynana [ja ~kupAl,,] I (f) was buying
nOKynaTb [p;lkupa\l to buy, (0 be buying
I The abbreviation pl-, will be used for tbe perfective aspect aod ipf-, for tbe imperfective.
) KtmeWll is pronoonced lkaQletn;) by many speakers.
I Two prononciations are po$$ible: (z;llirtiJ and [ziIllirl:)).
49
.st nOicynana OO.napoK. I was buying a present.
HilHe [QiQi] (for] Nina
sl: OOKynina OO,lllipoK """e. I was buying Nina a present.
ax [ax] oh!
Ax, .na! Oh, yes!
At". (m) [~tQ) day
.neHb poJK.lleHWI (~eQ. raZQeQij~] birthday (iii. day of birth)
y Hee [uQijO] she has (lit. by her)
Y Bee Jl.eUb poxmeBIUI. She has a birthday or It's her birthday.
""'Tpa [zAft,,) tomorrow
Y uee 38BTp8 .neal> po~fI. She has a birthday tomorrow.
KyOUTb (pfv) {kugi\} to buy
ThI: Kyoli.rIa [ti kugib] you (Q bought
ljT6 n:i lCymlna? What did you buy?
OOCMO~ (pfv) lJ;osmatreU to take a look

[m] X6<tCUlh [Ii x6C:iJ] you want
X6oleun. 1lOCMO'I"ph.. ? Want to take a look?
Kop66Ka [kar6pk~] box (cardboard)

B Kop66Ke [l'kar6pip] in the box
ry-r [tut] here
BOT TjT, e KopOOKe. It's here in the box.
(m) [part[tl]
UOpTojJtm. briefcase
Aocn\Tb (prv) [dastall to get
Tbl .nOCTana [li dasta.l~] you (f) got
r.nc nd .nOCTana? Where'd you get [it]?
nopTlW"! r.ne Tbi.noC'TliTla? A briefcase! Where'd you get it?
rYM [gum) GUM (State Department Store)

rYM' [vgUqU) at GUM
Kp3CHBbIH [kr~ivij] handsome, pretty, lovely
opae.a.a LPnivd~] isn't it (lit. truth)
npaa.na, rpaCKablu? Handsome, isn't it?
B rYMe. "po.na, KpaCHeblH? At GUM. Handsome, isn't it?
6<teHb [ociv-l vcry

o..eul> KpaCHeblii. Very handsome.
.n6nro [d61~] long. a long time
CTORTb [stajaU to stand, to be standing
Thr CTOMa [ti slajal~J you (f) stood
Tbi .nOJlro CTO'rna? Did you stand for a long time?
o<tepe.llb (f) [ocirj~l line, turn
B 6'lepen. [v6tiri~iJ in line
Tbi .noJJrO CTOua B O'tCpeltM? Did you stand in line a long time?
HeT, He O'tftll>. No, not very [long].
50 LESSON 4
SUPPLEMENT
,nenaTb [c;!el,,\] to do, to be doing

lIT6 Bbl Jlenaml? What did you do? or What were you doing?
- HII'Ier6. Qi~iv6J Nothing.
r.Qe BM 6WlH? Where were you?
cny:ll:Ga IslUtb~] job, work, service
- Ha C1I:y:6e. At work.
lIT6 8b1: KymUlH? What did you buy?
MaTepH9.n [m;)\itial] material
nnaTbe [pla\i~ J dress
- MaTepll9.n Ha nnane. Material for a dress or Dress material.
KOCTtOM [kas\um] suit
- Man:pllan lIa KocnOM. Material for a suit or Suit material.
ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS
JI3..n:bWe (dal~i] continue! go on! (iii. further)

lIHTiHn: JIanbwe! Go on reading!
nHWH-re b2i~i\i] or lIartHwJfTe [Del2i~i\i] write!
lIa JIOCKe (n:xl.as~el on the board
HanHWHTe IIa JIOCKe! Write on the board!
ItAHTe [ic;!i\i J go!
IC ,nOCKe [gdas\eJ to the board
I1.nHTe IC ,nOCKe! Go to the board!
lOMemtTe [izrpiQi\iJ change! make a change!
JaMelllITe (~lJli"Qi\il substitute! make a substitution!
PaJrOBOp B 061llelKUTHH
Conversation in the dormitory
c. - Cawa (CTy,neHT)
o. - 6ml (CTYJlCHTKa)
C. I KT6 TaM? kto tiim l Who's there?
o. 2 3TO .Ii, 6J1lL et, jii l 6\, j It's me, Olya. May I come in?
M6)KHO BOHTH? m6zn~ vajti!
C. 3 KOHe"mO. kaQS,n, l Of course. Come in. The door

3aXO,llH. z:>xa4il isn't locked.
,[I,Oeph He 3anepTa. dyer Qi~Rirta 1
O. 4 3Haewh, r,lle .Ii 6bJna zDajis g4e ja biHi ! Know where I've been all
Bee Yrpo? flo iHr;d morning? Downtown. I was
B r6po,lle. vgor04d buying a present for Nina.
nOKynana nO,llapoK ~kupal\) padarnk
HHHe. (llQd
l..ESSON 4 51
C. 5 Ax., .na! ax da! Dh, yes! It's her birthday
Y Het: 33BTpa uQij6 zaftrn tomorrow. And what did you
JJ.CHb P0)KllCHHR. QeQ raiQeQija I buy?
A 'fTO TbI Kyruina? a 5tO L.i kURiI~ 1
O. 6 XOlfewb nocMorpen? x6Cis IXlSmatre\ 1 Want to take a look? It's here in
BOT TjT, 8 Kop66Ke. vot tut I f1caroplp I the box.
C. 7 nopT4Jenb! partreJ I A briefcase! Where did you get
rnf: Tbl JJ,OCTana? g,1e ti dastal3! it?
O. 8 B rYMe. vgiirpij In GUM.2 Handsome, isn't it?
n pae.u3, KpacHBwH? pravd~ kra~ivij i
c. 9 6lieHb. otiQ I Very. Did you stand in line a
ThI Jlonro CToJina ti d61g.:J stajAI:> long time?
8 6'1epe,llH? vociriQi I
O. 10 H6T. Qet! No, not very.
He 6.. eHb. QiociQ I
NOTES I Infonnally Russians address each otber using nicknames based on the first
name, for example: Cawa for AJiCKCa"lW, OJi. for Om.ra. Such names aft compar-
able to our Bob for Robert, Gene for Eugene, Betty for Elizabeth, and so forth.
Others are;
)KeHSI fo' EareHl-IH Eugene MHna fo' Jho,llM"na Ludmilla

B".
JIeaa
11...
JIea
John
Leo
ranJl
nUB
raJUwa
TaTbHHa
Galina
Tatiana
KonJi HHKOllaHNicholas KATJI EKaTepHHa Katherine
neTS! nOTp Peter 3Hua 3HHaH.rr.a Zinaida
Anetua AneKceH AJexis lli06a JIJ066Bb Amy
ce"" CeMeH Simon Mawa MapRJ! Mary
liopSi liOpHC Boris lleHa EneHa Helen
B0110)1S1 BnWMHp Vladimir JlH3a EnH3aBeTa Elizabeth
2 rYM (rocyJ],apcrBelUl....ii YHHBepdnbllhlii ""81'83"") is the State Depart-

ment Store, which is located in Red Square opposite the Moscow Kremlin. Note
that, although GUM itself is written with capital letters, its declensional endings
are written with small letters: " rYMe in GUM.
I. KTO raM? Who's there?

- Ji, 011J1.
3TO It's me, Olya.
_ _ _ _ EOreHHH. _ _ _ Evgeny.
_ _ _ HHHa. _ _ _ Nina.
~ KHpHlUI ITas1l0BJlll. _ _ _ Kirill Pavlovich.
_ _ _ _ CeMCH lUuinnOBH'l. _ _ _ Semyon Filippovich.
52 LESSON 4
____ UapaDXHH. ___ Tsarapkin.
____ XllTpOS. ___ Khitrov.
_ _ _ MiUJa. ___ Mila.
_ _ _ 1IeB. __ Lev.
2. Cawa, r.a.e Thl 6b1:JI Bee yrpo? Where were you all morning, Sasha?
- Jt 6blJl H3 co6paHHH. I've been at a meeting.
_ _ _ _ U3 yp6xe neHH~. ____ at a singing lesson.
_ _ _ _ H3 3aBOAe. _ _ _ at the plant.
_ _ _ H3 n6'fTe. _ _ _ at the post office.
_ _ _ _ H3 l:oHU,epTe. ____ at a concert.
3. OM, fAe TbI 6bUla see YJpo? Where were you all morning, Olya?
- .It 6b1m\ 8 r6po.ne. I was in town.
_ _ _ BrYMe. _ _ at GUM.
_ _ _ _ 8 o6Wl2Knrn. _ _ in the dormitory.
____ B Y!Ul.8epcHThe. _ _ at the univenity.
_ _ _ _ B ropooBCTe. _ _ at the gorsovet.
_ _ _ _ B UIj6e. _ _ at the club.
_ _ _ _ 8 na60p3T6pKH. _ _ at the laboratory.
4. tIT6 TbI JlCnaJI 8 r6po.a.e, CAwa? What were you doing in town, Sasha?
- Jt I1ol:ymi..n oo,naPOI:. I was buying a present.
- Jt oOKynan Do.a.apol[ HHHe. I was buying Nina a presenl.
- $I CTOM B 6'!epe.nH. I was standing in line.
- Jt nOl:ynan nopnpenb. I was buying a briefcase.
- Jt nOl(ynan MaTepHan H3 lCocnOM. I was buying suit material.
5. A 'ITO Tbl .a.e.nana. OM" And what were you doing, Olya?
- .st TOJll:e 6bUla B r6poJI.e. I was in lown, too.
- Jt TO:ltCe nOKynana nO,llapox. I was buying a present, too.
- A TO)fCe CTolina B 6'lepeAH. I was standing in line, too.
- Jt nOKynana IlJIAThe. I was buying a dress.
- Jt nOKynana MaTepUan H3 nmin.e. I was buying dress material.
- Jt lloxynana Marepuan H3 KocnQM. I was buying suit malerial.
6. r.a.e Dbl3TO AOCTMH? Where did you get Ihal?

- B r6po.a.e. In town.
-B rYMe. At GUM.
- B YHHBepc~fTlrre. At the university.
- B o6we'tl:ltTJ.U1. At the dormitory.
- B KJlY6e. At the club.
- 8 na6opaT6pHH. At the laboratory.
Introductory remarks on the Russian case system
By now you have noled that Russian nouns may vary Iheir endings in accordance with the way
they function in a sentence. Thus, in the following examples, the Russian word for laboratory changes
its ending according to whether it indicates location or destination.
lOCATION Qua pa66Tae-r B na60paTopHli. She works in a laboratory.
OfSTtNATION QHa ".neT B na60paTopHlO. She's on her way to the laboratory.
Ll'SSON 4 53
Compare the examples with English, where the word laboraTory does not change but a different
preposition is used: in for location and to for destination.
In Russian the same preposition (8) is used but a different "case" form of the noun is required:
prepositional case for location and accusative case for destination.
There are six cases in Russian, used in both the singular and the plural. They are given below
together with a brief comment on their primary function.
CASE NAME ABBREVIATION PRIMARY FUNCTION TO tNDICATE
NOMINATIVE NOM or N grammatical subject of sentence
ACCUSATIVE ACC or A direct object, complete goal of action
GENlTIVE GEN or G possession, absence, limitation
PREPOSITIONAL I PREP or p location or focus of activity
indirect object, person affected (in impersonaJ

DATIVE OAT or D
constructions)
instrument or means of accomplishment of ac-

INSTRUMENTAL INSTR or I
tivity
The nominative form is customarily used in citing nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in diction-
aries or otherwise out of context.
Remarks on stems and endings: the concept of "zero" ending

Since Russian, like Latin and German, relies heavily on changes in the fonns of its nouns,
adjectives, and verbs for grammatical purposes, the student must be able to identify and manipulate
both stems and grammatical endings.
Briefly stated, the stem is the part of a word that remains relatively constant; the ending is the
part that varies to show grammatical changes. Compare the following sets, observing that both
existent endings and the absence of endings provide important grammatical information.
MOCKBa Moscow s MOCKBy to Moscow

OKHO window Ha OKHe on the window
o.u.uo CJI0BO one word MHoro cnos many words
cron table Ha crone on the table
6H 3J1.0pOB he's well omi 3,IlopOBa she's well
OH 6bi.n he was 0HiJ. 6blJUi she was
The concept of the nonexistent or "21:ro" ending is a very important one for Russian. Nouns,
verbs, adjectives, and numerals all have forms where a "zero" ending contrasts with explicit endings.
, The prepositional case is also frequenlly called the loco/ill/! ca5/!. II is the one case in Russian that is tlc.er used without
a preposilion.
54 LESSON 4
For example, most masculine nouns have a "zcro" ending in their nominative singular case fonn.
A "zero" ending also occurs after the suffix JI in the masculine past tense fonn, contrasLing with the
feminine ending -s, the neuter ending -0, and the plural ending -H. Furthennore, mosl feminine
and neuter nouns have a 'ozero" ending in the genitive plural, in contrast with all of their case fonns
that occur with an ending. Compare cOOBO word, CilOB8 words with CIt6B ofthe words; and KHMra book,
.mn books wilh IOlIir of the books.
Past tense of the verb 6Lrrb to be
MASCULINE >1 6bui TaM. I was Ihere.

SUBJECT Tbt 6bl.J1 TaM. You were there.
6H 6b1:JI T<lM. He was there.
nopT~m> 6w T3M . The briefcase was there.
FEMININE .sf 6blJ1a T<lM. I was there.

SUBJECT T bI: 6b1J1a TiM You were there.
QHa 6bUla T3.M. She was there.
Kop66Ka 6b1JJ<\ TaM. The box was there.
NEUTER
C06palll1e 6wno TaM. The meeting was there.
SUBJECT
PLURAL Mbt 6bUlH riM. We were there.

SUBJEcr Rbi 6hIJIH raM. You were there. I
QUH 6WH TiM. They were there.
ReB H HHua 6WH TaM. Lev and Nina were there.
REPETITION DRILL
Lislen 10 your instructor (or the tape) and repeat the above models until you can reproduce them
accurately.
REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILL
I ~'as at the plant.

T: .st 6w oa 3aB6.ne.
S: 11 6WI "8 3aB6Ltc.
(611, ami, cawa, Hima, 6ill1 H Res, BbI,
alia, Mbt)
, Note thai aW. the plural-polite pronoun you. is Ircalod grammatiCIIlly ali. plural even when it refers to .singk person.
Thus.. r. aW~? can be addressed 10 one penon who is DOl an intimate friend, or 10 more than DDC penon. Tw. on
the olher hand. can only be addressed 10 one persoD.
LESSON 4 55
t. Were they in the dormitory (oo? 2. Halle you already been to the club, Nina?
Yes, they were. Yes, I have.
T: OHlf n':I)KC 6WIH B 061l{e)I(HTHif? T: Bbl }')Ke 6MJHt a Kny6e, fnlHa?
S: Jl,a, 6WnH. s: ,lJ;a, 6bUlll.
T: 68 TO)KC 6hUl B 06mC>KHUtH? T: BM )?Ke 6hlllH B KJly6e, flea?
s: Jl,a, 6LuJ. s: ,lJ;a. 6Lrn.
(lIeB H KHpn1UI, 00<1, CArna, 6JUI) TbJ }')Ke 6bIm't B KJly6e, MJi.n:a?
TM )?Ke 6wJI B KJly6e, CAwa?
Bbl )?Ke 6hJJIH B KJly6e, 6J1S1?
3. Where were you, Sasha? 4. Nina, where halle you been all morning?
I was in the laboratory. r lie been in town.
T: r.lleru 6bm, cawa? T: HilHa, fAe Bhl 6WUf Bee YrPo?
s: A 6w B ns60pswpHH. s: Jt 6L1J1a B n:'poAe.
T: DI,e Tht 6WT<l, HltHa? T: Cawa, rAe Thl 6blll see y-rpo?
s: Jt 6bV1a B ns60pawpHM. S: Jt 6w B rOpoll.e.
r,lI,C Shl 6hl1JH, KHpU1UI? 61Jlt, rn.e ThJ 6blJ1a Bee y-rpo?
f,lI,e BM 6MJlH, MUlla? KlipH1Jn, rn.e Thl 6hIJl Bee YrPo?
r,lI,e 6" 6hUl? JIcs, rn.c SM 6M.rrn see YrPo?
r,lI,e ami. 6bImi? 6J1S1 Ii HlfHa, fAe Rhl 6MnH Bee y-rpo?
f,lI,e MbJ 6blnIf? flell if KliPKnn, fAe 8M 6blJlH Bee y-rpo?
rn.e OKU 6MJlH?
5. Was she at work?

Yes, she was.
T: QHa 6bIJia Ha CJI0K6e?
s: ,lJ;a, 6wJlli.
T: OHit: 6hJnH Ha CJl~6e?
s: ,lI,a. 6LrnH.
My)f( 6hlll Ha cn~6e?
aHIf 6hlllH Ha cny)l(6e?
KHpJi.n:JI 6MJl Ha CJl~6c?
)KeHa 6bUla Ha cn0K6e?
KltpnJlJl It JIcs 6hlJIH Ha CJl)r"JK6e?
DISCUSSION
Thc past tense differs from the present and future in Russian in that it is nol based on personal
endings but on gender-number endings. The past tense of the verb 6h.1.Th to be illustrates this
principle.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculine Feminine Neuter
6hUI 6bIJHi 6MJI-o 6hm-H
56 LESSON 4
EXAMPLES
..sf TAM lie 6L1J1. I (m) wasn't there.

8bi 6b1J1H 6oJlhlrbl:. You were sick.
QHa 6h1J1a 8 ropo.lte. She was in town.
B'lepa 6bu1o co6paHlfe. There was a meeting yesterday.
In the last example, 6bu1o agrees with the neuter noun co6pauHe.
The accusative form of iuauimate masculine

and neuter nouns
MODLS
>1: cnewy Ha yp6r::. l'm burrying to a lesson.

____ Ha yp61C neHHJI. _____ to a singing lesson.
____ Ha XOHUepT. _____ to a concert.
_ _ _ H8 a8T66yc. _____ to the bus.
_ _ _ Ha 38B6ll, _____ to tbe plant.
_ _ _ Ha co6pAHHe. _____ to a meeting.
>1: HAY 8 }'JIHBePCHTtr. I'm on my way to the university.
_ _ BxnY6. ______ to the club.
_ _ B ropcoser. ______ to the gorsovet.
_ _ B r6po.a.. ______ to town.
_ _ BrYM. _ _ _ _ _ 10 GUM.
_ _ 8 06Wel:Kme. _ _ _ _ _ _ to the dormitory.
Till yx<e BK.a.eJ1 ropo.a.? Have you already seen tbe city?
_ _ _ _ _ nOlla-pol:? ________ the present?
_ _ _ _ _ nopnPeJlh? _______ the briefcase?
________ the club?
----KJIY6?
_ _ _ _ rYM? _______ GUM?
_ _ _ _ _ YHHoepcHTtT? _________ the university.?
______ nItChM6? ________ the letter?
______ o6U\e)l(}I.THe? ________ the dormitory?
r.ne Bbl.ltOcTA.JlIt no.a.apoK? Wbere did you get the present?

_ _ _ _ _ _ nopTct>eJlh? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the briefcase?
_ _ _ _ _ _ nHCbM6? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the letter?
REPETITION DRILLS
Repeat Ihe models after your instructor (or the tape), noting Ihal the accusative fonn is like the
nominative for these masculine and neuter nouns referring to inanimate Ihings. Note also that
certain nouns require the preposition. and others require ua.
l..ESSON 4 57
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. Site's going to class. 2. She's going to the club.

T: QH<\ If.D:ih Ha yp6K. T: OHa H.D:eT B {wy6,
S: OBa M.D:eT 113 ypOK. 5: Oua HJJ.eT B KJJY6.
T: (Ha n6'lTY). T: (8 ropcoser).
5: OBa lIJl.eT Ha no'ny. S: QlIa HJJ.eT B roPCOBiIT.
(na KOHUepT, lIa 3aB6.D:, (B rYM, B rOpo.D:, B 06mC)I(lITlfC,
Ha c06paHHC, Ha ypOK neHHiI) B ymmcpcHTer, B KJly6)
3. We're hurrying to the bus. 4, rye already seen the present.

T: Mbl CnClUHM Ha aBTo6yc, T:..st }'JKe BH,i.{eJl nO,l],apoK.
S: M':' COCUlltM Ita 8Brooyc. s: ji yaul BIi.uen: nOAapoK.
T: (B rYM). T: (06mC:lKHTIlC).
5: M':' COewHM B rYM. S: ji y*e BN.t.eJJ 06me'llMrMc.
(ua ypOK, B 06mC:lKHTHe, (ropoA, rYM, nHchM6, KJly6,
Ha KOHUepT, B yHKBepc"TtIT, YHl1.BepCHTer, nopnl>eJlh)
Ha 3aIlO.D:, B r6po.D:, ua c06paHI1e,
B KJly6)
DISCUSSION
Masculine and ncuter nouns such as ypOK, nopl'4Mh, c06pallHc, and IDIChMO, which refer to
other than living beings, have the same form in the accusative case as in the nominative. The
accusative case is used in Russian for the direct object of a verb, or for the object of certain preposi-
tions such as B or Ha, used in conjunction with verbs of motion. It is important to remember that
in the meaning to, certain nouns require the preposition B while others require the preposition ua.
B ropo.D: to town Ha KOHuepT to the concert
B rYM to GUM Ha aBT66yc to the bus
B oGme>KHTHC to the dormitory Ha ypOK to class
B KJly6 to the club lIa n6'lTY to the post office
8 YllllBepCl1TeT to the univcrsity Ha C06paHl1C to the meeting
58 lmSON4
4TEHI1E 11 nHCbM6 READING AND WRITING
~"1" t f7'du,s~wn.uU-
-:ltnur ~ ~ - drntr $ / aa. ~rr ~ .z
-~.~. J~ It<! J~' -k.~/
~a.. ~. ~ ?- JJ ~, .Y~tldi2
'lj- .!l-
~~ ~. -./h ja- / .JI IU'/' ja-hyta. ~

jW""C~' Jt /Wntr /?UC. ~ .2. - ~ /U7--
~ e.~ ~ -tf K~, -J7/tyzmf"<U.6-z'

~e /nM. ~ ~ ~-.7J YY..&:e..~a. ~
~?- -~.$tuy~un.<7'~a.~ ~ ?
- JC'e...n. / H-e ~.
I...ESSON 4 59
LESSONS
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION lfTO H3 06en?
o6eJl [a~l] dinner

ua o6e.n (n;)3~t) for dinner
lho ua ooeJl? What's for dinner?
K3.K HaC'Ier (Uk nascot] how about
K<ix HaC'IeT 06e.na? How about dinner?
KiK "a~ 06eA8, Oner? How about dinner, Oleg?
OTKpbrra [alkri!:!] open
CTon6Ball (slaI6v:lj:l] dining hall, cafe, restaurant, dining room
CTOn6BaJl OTKpblTa. The dining hall's open.
CrOJJ08&a AUnG O'nCpbn"8. The dining hall's been open for a long lime.
06e.nan (a~:lU to dine, eat dinner

H,AeM (itJ6m] let's go!
l1.D,eM 06e.naTb! Let's go eat dinner!
XopomO. I1nel\4 OOC.ll8n.. Fine. Let's go eat dinner!
ronoAcH [g6l:x;1inJ hungry
R }')l'e rOJlOJl.CH. I'm already hungry.
cero,/uur [~iv6dQ;')J' today
th6 cer6JUU1 ua 06e.u? What's for dinner today?
HIITtpeeHO [in\iresn:l] I wonder (lit. (it is] interesting [to meD
J1KTepkuo. "ITO ce.-OJllUiI as ooe.a? I wonder what's for dinner today.
CMOTpCn. (smatreU to look
Tw CMO'I"pi.'I? Did you look?
Bcer,lla [f~igd3J always
Kale BCen:ui. [Same] as always.
nltwa rnj~:)] farc, food, diet
HaWa [mi~] our
, NOle that .. is p..-onounced (v) in nr6!l11_I,iv{x!l;P:;lJ loday.
6.
uuf (PI) [!ti) schi (sauerkraut soup, cabbage soup)
,na [d;lJ' and
io:fu.ua [kab] kasha (cooked cereal, porridge)
l'UlH .lUI Kama - miu.ut tUiwa. "Schi and kasha is our diet:'
66Jlhwe [b61~iJ more, bigger
66J1bwe IICh fb6li get] there isn't any more, it's all gone
pbl6a [riixl] fish
6wnli. pW6a, NO 60JIMUe HiT. There was fish, but it's all gone.
~nca..a ldasada] annoyance, aggravation, disappointment,
vexation
BOT ~oc8JJ.a! How annoying! or What a nuisance!
lie XO"leTCSI [Qix6~it~] [one] doesn't feel like
Ty~a [Iuda) there, to that place
He XO'leTCJI H.LtTJJ ry.na. I don't feel like going there.
~IDKe (dan] even
llli.e K.lJ;I"ii rylUl He xO"eTC1I. I don't even feel like going there.
SUPPLEMENT
rOJioJtIlli.(f) [g;}ladna] hungry

HHH3, TI:>l rono.nHa? Nina, are you hungry?
r6110MbI (PI) [g61:xini] hungry
Ow r01l0,IUlbf" Are you hungry?
oopm [bMc] borsch (beet soup)
tho H3 ooett. 66plll? What's for dinner, borsch?
'6<1>< (ol) Ikof>]' coffee
X6'fClllh K6$e? Want some coffee?
IlHTb (gill to drink
R min K6<Jlc. J was drinking (or drank) coffee.
,Ii' (m) [Uj] tea
A min "aH. I was drinking (or drank) tea.
He.aaeuo {QidAvn:J] awhile ago, recently. not long ago
.sf Hell,aeHO min '13.M. I drank tea awhile ago.
MOJlO"O (m:Jlak6] milk
R HemlBHo min MonoK6. Awhile ago I drank some milk.
I Do nOI confu$e unsu~ lllI [dOli (IIId With stressed .ld (da] ~J.
2 K0+e is considered a masculine noun by some: speakers; Olhers Ireal it as II. ne:Ule:r. II is one: of a small numbc:t of
indeclinable: nouns. i.e:., nouns thaI usc: the: same: fonn in all cases.
62 LESSON 5
qTO us 06"1I?
What's for dinner?
O. - Oller
fl. - JIes
Jl. I KaK HaC'Ie-r o6cna, OJH~r? kak nascot a1ldo alek I How about dinner,
CTonosaSi .ll.aBHO OTKpbITa. stal6vaja davn6 atkrita! Oleg? The dining hall's
been open for a long
time. I
O. 2 Xopow6. xaraSQ ! Fine. Let's go eat

l1.o.eM o6e.uan. i<;l6m a~edoll dinner. I'm already
.si Y)f(e rOJ1o.ueH. j<i ufe golaejin ! hungry.
Jl, 3 I1HTepecHo, intiresna 1 I wonder what's for
'iTO cero.uH)I H3 0OO.u. st6 ~iv6dQa n~a1?et ! dinner today. Did you
ThI CMOTpCJI? Il smatpS'l T look?
O. 4 )l.a. daj Yes. Same as always,
KaK Bcerna, kak fligdii I "Schi and kasha is
I.l(u aa dwa - sci do kiiso I our diet.''2 There was
miu.J.a mlllJa. RiSea nasa! fish, but it's all gone.
bhIlIa phl6a, bila rib:} !
HO 60JIhWe HeT. no b6lsi 'fel !
JI. 5 BOT Jl.oc3..n;a! vot dasadd! How annoying! I
Aa)f(e "nTH TynB. dazi ini tuda don't even feel like
He XOl.leTCSI. Qix6Cit~ ! going there.
NOTES CTOJJ08alll is a feminine adjective which functions as a noun. It is derived

I
from CTOJJ08aJf KO;\-lHam table room. CTOJJ08aH is used here as dining haJJ, but it
also means [second class] restaurant as well as dining room.
1 <dlJ;1i Il,a KaUla - millla HaUla is a colloquiaJ expression illustrating the humble
food that comprises the Russian rural diet. tnH is a soup made of sauerkraut or
cabbage. Kama is cooked cereal. which may be served at any meaJ and eaten with
butter. salt, or gravy; or with milk and sugar. lioplll is a vegetable soup, primarily
made of beets.
LfSS()N 5 63
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION Rbi Y:lKe uoOOe.a.aJlH?
noooe,ltaTb (poa1?C<bU to eat dinner, have dinner

Bbi yxe noo6e,ltMH? Have you had dinner already?
pe6.m [p~a..) children, kids, fellows, guys
npHOCT, pe6ha! Hi, fellows!
npHoh, prom! DbI yre noo6ell.aJlH? Hi, fellows! Have you had dinner already?
eme Ui~6] yet, still; else, some more, another
Hh eLl.le. Not yet.
omZTb [anaU again
B CTOJlOOOH [fstalov;)j] at (or in) the dining hall
8 CTO!IOBOi omin. wIi H nDUl. At the dining hall it's schi and kasha again.
ce.n:e,[lXa hilotkOl] herring
A Ji KyTIliJJ ceJle,llKY. But I bought herring.
KaK p:b [kakras) just, it just happens
A Ji Ka1C pob KyoHJI ceJle,ltKY. Well, it just happens I bought herring.
A Iii KaK plb KymiJi ceJlellKY. Xome? Well, it just happens I bought herring. Want
some?
~pyr6e ,lte.no [drug6jOl 4eb) another matter, a different thing
31-0 ~pyr6e ,lttno! That's different!
Cenelll--a - iTo ,lQ)yrOe ,lttrlo! Herring! That's different!
y HaC OCTb lunas j~U we have (IiI. by us there is)
""e6 [xlep) bread
XJJe6 y HaC OCTb. We have bread.
orypubI (agurcl] cucumbers
OryPrnJ TOl"Ke. Cucumbers too.
X.'100 yuac en... Ol'")'pl.lbl ro-e. We have bread. Cucumbers too.
"'. [Ii] (unstressed emphatic particle)

Cae.e OHM? Where are they?
wd<l> ~ka~ cupboard, wardrobe, dresser
B lllIta<l>Y (flkafU) in the cupboard
r,lte:IKe omi? 8 wn.9j? Where are they, in the cupboard?
OKHO (akno] window
Ha OKHe [n<:lakl}e] on the window [ledge]
Hh, Ha o...ae. No, on the window [ledge].
Hapex.. ! [narB) slice !
Hapexb orypubi! Slice the cucumbers!
O;m-, Hapim. 0f'}'P...w! Oleg, slice the cucumbers!
RIllHK UMtik] drawer, bo;( (wooden]
B JiUlHKe [vja~i1p] in the drawer
HO)l( B Jiul,Ju:e. The knife's in the drawer.
cron [slol] desk, table
o CTOJle {fstale] in the desk, in the table
Ho* CTO!.e, IiintHKe. The knire's in the desk drawer.
64 LESSONS
BU)I(y [yizll] I see
He BU)Ky [Q.iyizuJ I don't see
He 81hky. I don't see [it].
8Unxa [yilka) fork

SUnKlt [yil)p ) forks
TY'r Tom.lCo sWorn. There are just forks here.
nO;l(a [losk:;)] spoon
JlOJKICH [Io~JP] spoons
TOJlhKO [t6lk:;)) only, just
Trr T6m....-o BJiJlKII H n62LKH. There arc: just forks and spoons here.
"a CTOne [n:)Stale) on the table. on the desk.
BOT OR, H8 CTOJU~. Here it is. on the desk.
SUPPLEMENT
CMO-rpeTh B OKH6 to look out the window. look in the

window
OH CMOTpCn B OKUO. He was looking out (or in) the window.
BM YlKe DOOlleI\3J1H?
Have you had dinner already?
K. - Knpw o. - Oller R. -Res
K. OpHBCT. pe6liTa! ppyer T pilal> ! Hi, fellows! Have you had

Bw )')I'e noo6eJlamt? vi uze ~a~dali ! dinner already?
o. 2 Her eme. Qet jisco i Not yet. At the dining haJJ it's
B CT01l0BOH fstalovaj schi and kasha again.
oruiTb lUit " dwa. aRa\ sci i kasa 1
K. 3 A " KaK pcb a ja kakras I Well it just so happens I bought
KynitJl CeJIellKy. kugil jil6lkU 1 herring. Want some?
XOTJt:Te? xatil i T
Jl. 4 CeneJJ,Ka- jilotk> ! Herring! I That's different!
:ho Jlpyr6e lle.nO. eta drugoja fJelal
o. 5 }(ne6 y HaC CcTb. xlop un:is jell! We have bread. Cucumbers too.
Orypu;bJ TOJKe. agurci t6Zi !
K. 6 r llC ",e ORe? g4eii atil! Where are tbey, in the
B wKaifly? f'lkafii T cupboard ?2
o. 7 HCT, Qel! No. on the window [ledge}.

Ha Otme. noakQe!
LESSON 5 65
n_ 8 Oner, alek 1 Oleg, slice the cucumbers. The
nape)l(b oryPUbt. nares agurci 1 knife is in the desk drawer.)
HOiK B CTone, no! ISlaie I
8 siutHKC. vjiiscits: i !
0_ 9 He BH>Ky. Qi yiiu 1 I don't see it. There are just
TYr TOJlbKO BHnKH IIit lolb yilJ>i I forks and spoons here.
H J16:lKKH. i 1611p 1
K- ID BOT OB, vol 6n 1 Here it is, on the desk.
H3 CTOlle. n:;Jstale!
NOTES I Herring is a very common food in the Russian diet; it is served not only as
an appetizer, but as a main course as well.
2 Each room in a university dormitory has its DlKicll. which may serve both
as a cupboard and as a wardrobe. (Built-in closets are not to be found in the
Soviet Union, nor are they generally found elsewhere in Europe.) Each floor in
the dormitory has a kitchen where students can prepare tea, snacks, or light meals.
J Auttil' is used
here as drawer, but it also means box. It differs from KopOOKa,
which designates a small box or onc made of cardboard, in that it is usually larger
and made of wood. Note also that nOn means both table aDd desk; the latter
comes from mtCLMelIH.... ii crOJi writing table.
I. HHTepCcHO, '1T6 cer6.a.llR na 06e.a.? Wonder what's for dinner today?

- W,u 1-1 l:3.wa. Schi and kasha.
- Ii6put H xawa. Borsch aDd kasha.
- Cene.a.Ka. Herring.
- Pbl6a. Fish.
- 66put H pt:J6a. Borsch aDd fish.
2. 6H He.o.fumo min 'IaiL He drank tea awhile ago.
DHa OHJla _ She draDk _
DnH minH _ They drank _
6H He.a.aBHo n1ln Kcxpe. He drank coffee awhile ago.
DHa n"Jla _ She drank _
DHH rlIinlJ _ They drank _
6H He.a.3.BHO n1U1 MOJlox6. He drank milk awhile ago.
DHa nHJla _ She drank .
Dmt OWU! _ They drank _
3. CTOJl6oa.lt OTKpblTa" Is Ihe dining hall open?

Jla6opaT6pH.It OTKpt:JTa? _ _ laboratory open?
06'fTa OTKpt:JTa? _ _ post office open?
Kop66xa OTlCPblTa? _ _ box open?
66 LESSON 5
D,aePb OTKpbfTa? Is the door open?
3aBO.n: On:PbIT? _ _ plant open?
KJIY6 orxPbl'r? _ _ club open?
.stlU.lt.K OTXpbl'r? _ _ drawer open?
ropcoatT on:pblT? _ _ gorsovet open?
nopTlCnb orxPhn"? _ _ briefcase open?
C06paHHe oncPhn"o? _ _ meeting open?
OlmO orxPbrro? _ _ window open?
06m.e:llCHTHe OTKpblTO? _ _ donnitory open?
4. 8w y:ce r6no)),HhJ? Are you already hungry?

- D,a, Ii )':lICe rono.n:eH. Yes, I'm already hungry.
- )l,a, Ii )':lICe rono.a.ua. Yes, _
- D,a, Mbl )':lICe rono.lUlbi. Yes, we're already hungry.
- HtT, Ii ewe He rononeH. No, I'm not hungry yel.
- HtT, Ji ewe He rOJloJIHa. No. _
- Hb, MbI ewe He rOno,lJ;Hl:>l. No, we're not hungry yet.
5. 8b1)':l1Ce noo6eJ:ta.Jrn? Have you already had dinner?
- )l,a, Ji y:ce noo6e.n:an. Yes, I've already had dinner.
- Jl.a, Ii )':lICe noo6e.n:ana. Yes, _
- ,l{a, MbI y.e noofie.n:anH. Yes, we've already had dinner.
- Elll.e OCT. Not yet.
8b1 }':lICe ofienanH? Have you already had dinner?
- Her, Ji eme lie o6Cnan. No, J haven't had dinner yet.
- Her, .Ii emc He o6C.n:ana. No. _
- Her, MbJ ewe He Ofie.n:aJIH. 1 No, we _
6. Y HaC ten. XJle6. We have bread.

___ 60pw. _ _ _ bon;ch.
____ p";6a. _ _ _ fish.
____ dwa. _ _ _ kasha.
_ _ _ wHo _ _ schi.
_ _ _ orypo..:.. _ _ _ cucumbers.
_ _ _ _ ':Ill". _ _ _ tea.
_ _ _ K6<j>e. _ _ _ coffee.
_ _ _ _ MonoKo. _ _ milk.
7. r.n:e:llCe UO:llC? Wherc's the knife?

- Ha CTOne. On the table.
- 8 JiLWiKe. [n the drawer.
- Ha OI01e. On the window sill.
- B CTOne, a lhuHlte. In the desk (or table) drawer.
- B nopnptne. In the briefcase.
- 8 Iop66Ke. In the cardboard box.
- BlllIa4JY. In the cupboard.
, In both the question and answer, either the imperfective oM.itll.ll or tlie perfective IIoo6enaJI may be used. The difference
in meaning is slight. with IK)(l(iiLUlll focusing on the completion of the activity: H(ne you alrMdy finiJhed eating dinner?
NOle. however. thaI in the ncgative answers, only o6b.aJI is used.
lBSON 5 67
Pronunciation practice: bard versus soft consonants
A. III vs. 10 Usual Cyrillic spe~ling T; also Th,.a t or lU>.
Note the pronunciation of hard [IJ in the following:
[na~tu] to the post office

[stuQent] student
and compare it with soft [lJ:
[SRi~iti] cnellutTc you're hurrying

(paslilU nOCJIaTb to send, mail
The formation of Russian hard [I] differs from that of English t in thai the tip of the tongue
closes off the air stream by making contact against the back surface of the upper teeth. whereas
English 1 is fonned by stopping the air stream Carther back, on the ridge of the gums behind the
teeth. Sort Russian ltJ. on the other hand, is formed by a closure of t..he front part of the blade of
the tongue (not the tip) against the ridge of the gums and has the effect on the ear of being followed
by a ylike glide. In addition, neither Russian hard [t] nor soft [tJ (nor any other Russian consonant,
for that matter) ever has the puff of breath that usually accompanies English I.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [t] and
soft Itl, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Be sure
to avoid the puff of breath that often accompanies the English I.
B. (d] vs. [4] Usual Cyrillic spelling A; sometimes Ab, T, or Th.
Note the pronuncialion of hard [d] in the following:
[davn6] .ll.aSll6 for a long time

[zdar6vi] 3.ll.op6obl healthy
[kudil] "yaa where to
[;du] HJlY I'm going
and compare il with soft [4]:
Iy;~il] BliAeJI saw

1~;lil] ~enil affairs
[n~zav64i] 113 3a86.ue at the plant
li~6lJ HJleT is going
Russian hard [d] is made wilh the tongue in the same position as Russian hard (t] and [nJ,
Ihal is. well forward of the posilion for making the corresponding English sounds and with the
68 LESSON 5
tongue touching the teeth. Russian soft [4J is made with the tongue in the same position as for
Russian [\1 and [9].
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [dJ and
soft [4J, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
c. [n] vs. [Q] Usual Cyrillic spelling H; sometimes lib.
Note the pronunciation of hard [n) in the following:
[n:>ur6k] Ha ypOK to the lesson

[napot!u] ua n6<JTy to the post office
[nul nJ' well
and compare it with soft [9]:
[Qin: Hiiua Nina

[d:>syidAQj:>] )l0 CBu.na,DillI good-bye
IrpaJ~el DUOJlDe fully. completely
l~e~J )leHb day
Russian hard [n] is formed, like Russian hard It], by closing off the air stream with the tip of
the tongue which strikes the back surface of the upper teeth. (Be careful not to make an English n.
where the air stream is closed farther back on the gums above the upper teeth 1)
Russian soft (Q] is formed like Russian soft It], that is. with the front part of the upper surface
of the tongue against the ridge of the gums above the upper teeth and with the tip of the tongue
touching tbe teeth. It has the effect of being followed by a ylike glide and sounds something li.ke
English ny in such words as canyon and onion; however, the y*like glide in Russian must never be
separated and made a separate consonant sound as it is in English.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating hard [n] and soft {Q],
imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice par*
ticularly that before [k) and [g], Russian [nJ does not take on the ng sound
that occurs in such English words as bank and finger.
Grammatical gender of nouns

All Russian nouns belong to one of three genders: masculine. feminine. or neuter. Besides
distinctions based on natural gender. such as we find in English, Russian assigns all nouns to one
of the three categories.
LESSON 5 69
MASCULINE FEMININE NElITER
CT)'.neHT student CT)'.neHTKa student rntChM6 letter

KJJj6 club :lKemi. wife OICUO window
ypOK lesson n6'1Ta post office II1Ian.e dress
'!Mi- lea pbi6a fisb co6pAHJle meeting
r6po.n city npae.na truth o6llte:lKihHe dormitory
y'l.JtTCJIb teacher JIa60paT6pHJI laboratory
It is essential for the student of Russian to know the gender of each noun be encounters. This
is important because such words as adjectives and past tense verbs vary their form in agreement with
the gender of the noun they accompany.
EXAMPLE
MASCULINE SUBJECT M6ii nopT<PCnb 6WJI TaM. My briefcase was there.

FEMININE SUBJECT Moli 'lKeUa 6b1JIa TclM. My wife was there.
NEUTER SUBJECT Moe nHchM6 6LIJIO TaM. My letter was there.
The gender of most nouns can be predicted from the written nominative singular form. Nouns
whose final letter in tbe nominative singular is a bard consonant, "I, lit, or ii (i.e., with a zero ending),
are masculine. Similarly, most nouDS ending in -a or -II are feminine, and nouns ending in -0, -e,
or -e are neuter.
MASCULINE FEMININE NElITER
My>< husband ceCTpa sister Yrpo morning

o6eA dinner 3HMa winter nepO pen
CT6JI table Kop66Ka box (cardboard) Aeno business
H6", knife U1X6JIa school M6pe sea
11... Ivan J1PHRa Irina n6JIe field
.
KJlJO'I
OOpllt
,
key
bo=h
lea
POCCHlif
ra..
ceMbi
Russia
Galya
family
"'6enbi
........ existence
linen
Nouns ending in -8 or --JI are masculine, however, if they refer to a male person: JJ.iJIK uncle,
.neAYUlKll grandfather, BaM Vanya (Johnny), MHma Misha (Mike), Crenll Styopa (Steve), rpHwll
Grisha (Greg), BJiCSil Vasya. Most of tbese are nicknames.
Nouns whose gender cannot be ascertained from the written fonn alone are those wbose nomina-
tive s.inguJar ends in the soft sign ....... Most of these nouns are feminine, but many are masculine.
They will be identified as m (masculine) or f (feminine) in the glossaries. for example, Ocettb (f)/all,
OOiepem. (I) line, ,a:aePb (f) door, I10pTtenb (m) briefcase, aetu. (m) day; otherwise the gender of nouns
will not ordinarily be indicated.
Verbal aspects
Compared with the higbJy complex system or tenses in Englisb, the Russian verb is structurally
very simple. English makes considerable use of such auxiliary verbs as do, have, be, and will in form-
ing its many compound tenses. Russian uses only a single compound tense used to fonn one kind
70 La'iON 5
of future; otherwise, past, present, and future in Russian verbs are expressed by simple, one-word
verb forms.
To illustrate the economy of forms in the Russian system, compare the following:
RUSSIAN ENGLISH
pa60TaJJ worked, was working, did work,

used to work, have worked,
had worked, had been working
Similarly, all of the following English verbal concepts can be expressed in Russian by the simple
present verb paOOTafO: [I) work, [I] am working, [I] do work, [I] have been working, [I] have worked.
Despite its structural simplicity, bowever, the Russian verb possesses an added dimension
called "aspect," which enables it to make refinements comparable to the English. The system of
"aspects" involves two contrasting categories: imperfective aspect versus perfective aspect. The aspect
a Russian speaker uses depends on tbe way be views the action.
Broadly speaking, the imperfectiW! aspect focuses on tbe activity as a process, without regard
to ils tenninaling point in time. The perfective aspect, on the other hand, focuses on tbe activity
as a completed (or to be completed) action marked off in time, often emphasizing the result rather
than the process. Compare the use of the two aspects in the past tense of the verbs oo...- ymin. and
t.::ymin.;
IMPERFECrtVE 1t uOKynarra nomipo.:. I was buying a present.
PERFECTIVE 4TO JKe BY KyniUtU? And what did you buy?
Note also the differences between tbe following:
IMPERFECTIVE Mbi He,l],3.BHO miJlH 'UiH. We drank (or were drinking) tea not long ago.
PERFECTIVE My y;e BbmJuuI 'tali. We already drank (or finished drinking) tbe tea.
IMPERFECTIVE Om\ CM'OTpMB B OIWO. She was looking out the window.
PERFECTIVE Qlla UOCMo~a B OKHO. She took a 'ook out the window.
tMPERFECTIVE 4TO Bh"1 ,l],emu.:H? What did you do? Or What were you doing?
PERFECTIVE 4TO ab! CltenaJJH? What did you do? Or What did you get done?
Or What have you done?
Imperfective and perfective verbs often differ structurally only in that one is prefixed and the
other nol. Both imperfective and perfective verbs may be used in the past and future. In the present,
only imperfective verbs are used.
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Ii CMoTpCn Ii CMOTplO Ji. 6YJlY CMOTpCTb

IMPERFEcnVE I was looking I'm looking 1'1/ be looking
Iloaked I look I'll look
Ii nocMoTJ>C:]1 Ji noeMoTplo
PERFECTIVE
I took a 'ook I' /I take a look
Note that it is almost always the perfective verb that is prefixed:
IMPERFECTIVE PERFECm'E IMPERFECTIVE PERFECTIVE
ruiTb ab!nHn. nOCMOTpCn.

,l],tnaTb c,l],enan. "OHTlt
LESSON 5 7]
Replacement of nouns by tbird person pronouns:

oU, OH8, ouo, and OHM:
MOOELS
rll,e KHpHJUl? - 8M 611. Wherc's Kirill? Here he is.

r./le noprq:.enb? - 8M 611. Wherc's the briefcase? Here it is.
Cue HpHlla? ~ BOT Qlla. Wherc's Irina? Here she is.
rll,C Kop66Ka? - 8M OHa. Wherc's the box? Here it is.
rll,e 06UAC)fOITlfC? - 8M QUO. Wherc's tbe dormitory? Here it is.
r.ne nl1CbM6? - BOT 0116. Wherc's the leiter? Here it is.
rll,C K"pliJIJI 11 HpHHa? - BOT ami. Where are Kirill and Irina? Here they are.
rne orypu.b.l? - BOT OHil . Where are the cucumbers? Here they are.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape) until you can answer the questions
automatically according to the pattern.
1. Where',s the student? 2. Where's the briefcase?

He's here. It's there.
T: rJJ,e CTYIlCHT? T: rae nopTlenh?
s: O"TYr' s: OHriM.
T: Cae cry,actfn::a" T: rae nO'lTa?
s: OBi TYr. s: OBi ri.",.
(HHua, Uapam,HH, EBreHHH, Mlina, (nHcbMo, co6paHHe, lUIy6, na60paTopHg,
::teeHa, My::, Oner, 6ml, neB) 06me)KHTue, ce.ne.nxa, .I;Bepb, Kop66Ka,
O'lepellb, 'Iaii, OKllO, nOiKICa, BKnka, lilllHK,
nOAapOK)
3. Where's the knife, 011 the tab/e? 4. Is the knife there?

Yes, it's 011 the tab/e. Yes, it's lhere.
T: rAe 1I0)l(, Ha crone? T: HO)l( TaM?
s: )la, OH H8 CTOJU~. s: ){li, On T8M.
T: rAe 'Iail, 113 crone? T: Pbi6a TaM?
s: )la, 6ft H8 crone. s: .lI;a, nHa riM.
(66pm, nopnPen.b, ll:op66rta, ce.ne.r:u;a, (rrnChMO, orypubr, 'IaH, coUpaHHe, CT6.n,
nO:ll:lCH, BHmrn, orypubf, rrnCbMo, 'laM, aSTooyc, ICOlltlepT, nOAapolC, nopTcpe.m.,
MaTtpHan, MonOJ:o, 06eA. XJlOO, pblOO) pbl6a, nnaT'be, wd<t
DISCUSSION
The masculine pronoun 08 substitutes for masculine nouns such as nOJi lab/e, BanH Vanyo,
ypOK lesson, and ,/leHb day.
The feminine pronoun om~ substitutes for feminine nouns such as ""eHa wife, ceJlCltKa herring.
o..
Jla60pn6pHR laboratory, and epem line or lurn.
72 U!SSONS
The neuter pronoun OliO substitutes for neuter nouns such as nHCbMO letter, 01('110 window,
jTpo mornil/g, and nJTli'rLe dress.
Oil and OHa mean he and she respectively when referring to person and iJ when referring to
things. Ouo means only if, since one does not use oHO in referring to persons. l
Interrogatives KTO and 'ITO
MODELS
KT<) TaM 6w.? Who was there?

- TaM 6hlJla HJ.lHa. Nina was there.
- TaM 6bln Hoal... Ivan was there.
- TaM 6bllIH HHlla H YlaaH. Nina and Ivan were there.
YT() 6bll1O lIa CTone? What was 011 the table?
- Ha CTOne 6b.ln no.aapoK. There was a present on the table.
- Ha CTone 6blmi. pbJ6a. There was a fish on tbe table.
- Ha crone 6b.lno nJICbMO. There was a leuer on the table.
- Ha CTOne 6b.lnn Orypubl . There were cucumbers on the table.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape) until the verb agreement becomes auto-
matic. (Note that in the question 6w is used with KTO and 6Y.'TO with 'ITo.)
CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
The following drills should be performed as 'simple repetition drills until the student(s) can answer
automatically. (During the repetition stage the teacher may ask for both group and individual
responses.)
l. (Mila) Who was there? 2. (a lable) What was there?

Mila was there. There was a table there.
T: (MHna) KTO TaM 6bln? T: (CTon) lho TaM 6bUIO?
s: TaM 6L1na Mlina. s: TaM 6w crOJl.
T: (XJI-rpOO) KT6 T3.M 6bln? T: (pw6a) YTO TaM 6uJlO?
s: TaM 6buJ XHTpOB. s: TaM 6L1Jui pbi6a.
(M}0k, :ella, HHHa, JIeo, EoreHHii, (mlcbMO. ypOK. co6paHHe, KOHU.Cvr, no-
CeMeH, Oner H OJlR, H,iHa H HoalL ,l],apoK. 66pm, ilIlaThe, Kop66Ka, orypu.bl,
CTy,l],eHT H CTY.QeHTKa) 'fail, xnoo, oWorn H nO)ICJl:H)
, The Russian pconouns 611, Old, and 0IIli are used only in rd'erem:e 10 a specific masculine. feminine. or neuter- noun.
They are never used to Iranslale lhe emplY English inlroouctory if in such sentences as: I(s fUff!. The it of such sentenco:s is
simply omitted in RllS$ian.
EXAMPLES Y:a: noollffo. It's already late.
Tbf 6Wno KHTepCcuO'? Was it interesting then:'?
Em!! pano. It's still early.
LESSON 5 73
3. (Nina) Who was standing there?
Nina was standing there.
T: (Hlllia) KTO TAM CTOli.n?
s: TiM c-roina Hua.
T: (nes H MJina) KTO TAM CTOJln?
s: TiM C"fOJirIH Jlea H MiiJIa.
(CTYJteHT, CTY,QeHTl:a, OIler, 6Jll1., lla-
panJ:HH, XHl"pOB, CT}'JteKT H CTYJteuna)
DISCUSSION
In terms of grammatical agreement, t..-rO who is treatoo as masculine singular even though the
person asking the question may know that the referent will be a female person or more than one
person. Similarly, "ITO is treated as neuter singular. Note that "TO what is pronounced [sto).
Introductory :ho
MODELS
liTO :)TO '! What's that?

- 3TO fiHCbMO. It's a letter.
A 3TO "ITo? And what's this?
- 3To nOJtapox 6Ile. It's a present for Olya.
~~~ . v.. ?
Is that you, Kirill?
..::7TO Tbl, IUlPHJUI
- Her, no Ji, ReB. No, it's me, Lev.
:no Jtpyr6e Jteno. That's different.
liTO :no, orypubi? What 3re those, cucumbers?
CUED QUESTlONANSWER DRILLS
The item to be substituted is to be given first, followed by the question and then the student answer.
1. (a letter) What's that? 2. (Evgeny) Who's there?
It's a letter. It's me, Evgeny.
T: (nHCbMO) liTO :iTo? T: (EsreH"") KTO T<iM?
S: 3TO nHChMO. s: 3TO Ii, EBrelIHH.
T: (JiWHK) liTO :)TO? T: (HHHa) Kyo TAM?
S: 3TO~. s: 3ro Ii, UHua.
(CTon, pw6a, kAwa, ceneJtxa, .ztBtPb, (KHpw, ReB, CeMeH,llapanxHH, MJina,
omo, UOpTlenb, 'fan, x6le, 3BT66yc, XHTpOB, KHpW, 6nbra, Oner, CeMen
UOllC) <l>It.1IH:nnOBH'f)
DISCUSSION
The introductory word iTo usually indicates something not previously described or specified,
but about which some statement is to be made. It can be translated as this, that, these, those, and
sometimes (particularly in a rejoinder) it.
74 LESSON 5
The irregular present tense of XOTeTb
MODEL
J1. XO'ly naunt Ha KOHuepT. I want to go to tbe concert.

Tbi X6..ewb _ You want _
Ou XOlfeT _ He wants _
Mbi XOTHM _ We want _
Rbi XOnITe _ You want _
OHli xOTn ~ _ They want _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the model afier your instructor (or the tape) until you can reproduce aU forms accurately.
REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILL
She wants to go (0 the concert.

T: 0ua XO'feT noiint H3 kOHuepT.
s: QHa xO..eT nom 118 ti:OHJ.lepT.
(KHplffin, ThI, Ii, "liHa, Mbl, OHU, BbI, Oner
II CArna)
QUESTION ANSWER DRILL
Don', you want 10 go there?

No. I don',.
T: DbI He xOTiITe ItJtTI't: TY.na"
s: He-r. He xo"lj.
T: 6n He XO'leT HJ1TH Ty.na?
s: HeT, He xO<teT.
(ThI, carna, EerCIlHH. OHM, MHna. BbI, HHHa
Ii Oner)
DISCUSSION
The verb xOTh.. has an irregular present tense. It follows a first conjugation pattern in the
singular and a second conjugation pattern in the plural. Note that the final stem consonant is 'I in
the singular and T in the plural, and that the stress is on the endings except for the second and third
persons singular.
SINGULAR PLUJW.
XOOfy XOTHM
XO'lClUb XOnITe
x6'leT XOTJIT
LESSON 5 75
The past tense
MASCULINE 6H 6Wi 8 r6po.ne. He was in IOwn.

SUBJECT A .nasuo oac He BlI.rteJI. I haven't seen you in a long time.
Tw Kymi:Jt cene)lKy? Did you buy herring ']
Ceromul Mj)K He 6b1Jf lIa My husband wasn't at work today.
cnYJo:6e.
FEMININE QHa 1138110 B3.C He BH,a;eJla. She hasn'l seen you in a long time.
SUBJECT Hillla, n;, 6t.vJa B r6ponc? Nina, were you in town?
.[la, Ii OOk"Y"ana nnan.e. Yes, 1 was buying a dress.
11 .n6nro CTma 8 OlfCpeJlH. I siood in line for a long time.
NEUTER B'lcpa 61.71110 co6pallHc. There was a meeting yesterday.

SUBJECT nUCbMO 6bU1o fla CTOne.
Monol<o cTolino IIa oKHe.
The letter was on the table.
The milk was standing 00 the window sill.
-
PLURAL A rne !:lb' 6bu1H? And where have you been?
SUBJECT OIlH CToilJlH B 6'lcpe)lH. They were standing in line.
4TO Dbl JtCJUlJIH? What have you been doing'?
Mbl IIc.rtaBHO liMN 'fail. We drank tea awhile ago.
116)1(101 6bmH 113 CTone. The spoons were on tbe table.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat tbe above models, observing the basic pattern. The past tense is regularly signaled by tbe
suffix -n, usually added to a vowel-ending stem. The endings that follow are gender-number endings,
with zero for masculine, -8 for feminine, -0 for neuter, and -II for plural. Note that the past tense
fonns always have a hard n in the singular, but a soft n in the plural: nM (gil] versus mimr (gitil,
CToliJl [stajal] versus CTo!i:n:. [stajaliJ.
REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. We drank tea not long ago. 2. Ivan was hurrying to the meeting.
T: Mbl HeJl3..BHO mim.. 'laH. T: HBllH cneWHn lIa co6pa.lHe.
s: MY HeJlUIlO n".Jul .. aii. 5: JiBall CUernHn lIa c06paIlHe.
(MYJK. ami, EBremlH, Hlilla, On", Bhl, (Thl, HHHa, Mf.'K, Bbl, )KeH8., aHa, li, Mhl,
cry,nellT " cTYJleHTKa, )l(eBa) MY>K " )KeHa, OIlH, 6u, olUi)
3. He hasn't seen you in a long time.

T: Oil JlaBII6 BaC lie BH,aen.
s: Ou JUlBHO BaC He BtiJJ.e.rr.
(w, Mj:lK, )l(eua, O..IUI, rAmI, w, OHIt.
UapOrnrnu)
TRANSFORMATION DRILLS
I. The borsch is on the table. T: finan.e Ha crone.

The borsch was on the tab/e. S: fLn:jn.e 6Wro Ha CYMe.
T: 66pLU Ha CTOne. (n6)l(, KOp66K3., OHCbM6, nOJ],apoK,n6:lKKa.
s: I)6pI..Q 6LI.'1 Ha CTO.'1e. n6JKKJ1, d.ll.la, 'laH, 06eJ],. mH, xne6)
76 LESSON 5
2. The herring is in the cupboard. T: MaTcplia..n 0 wKa4JY.
The herring lI'as ill the cupboard. s: MaTCpHM 6LIJI 8 wli'alY.
T: CeJle,nKa 8 wKa4JY. (orypubl, pbi6a, Kama, "faH, OKnxH,
S: CeJIe~ ...-a 6h1Jui 8 WKa4!Y. nO)i(KH, lUle6, UOPT~llb, nHCbMO,
Kop66Ka)
I. Where was Evgeny? 2. What was she doing?

He was aJ the meeting. She was standing in line.
T: r.ae 6bm Eoreu""? 1': 41'0 aHa .a.enana?
s: Ou 6Wi Da cOOp'tlMH. s: Oua CT'Oina B o-tepe.a.lf.
T: r~e 6wui Hfuta? 1': 41'0 0" ,nenan?
s: Qua 6t.u1li H8 co6p8HHK. S: OK crotin B O"lepe,llJl.
(On,., KupuJUI, CT}'~eHTKa, :lKeml, lIeo Ii 41'0 ami .nenana?
Oller, cry,neHT Ii crY,l.l,eHTKa) 41'0 Obi .nenana, CeMCH?
41'6 abl ,ucnaml, MMa?
3. Where's O/ya, dOWlltOWII?
41'0 TW ,ue.n.an, Cama?
No, bur she was downtown.
lIT6 Tb' .n:e.nana, HJ.lHa?
T: r.tl.C OnJl, 0 r6po.o:e?
s: HeT, 110 OHa 6blJUl 8 rOpo)l,e.
T: r.ne EOreHHH, 0 r6po.tl.e?
S: HeT, 110 OH 6bvi 8 rOpo)l,e.
(UapinxHll, KJlPHJUI naenOOIi"f, OH,
OHU, aHa)
TRANSFORMATION DRILL
Where was O/ya sJanding?

Where was she standing?
T: r.o:e crOlina O.JlJl?
S: nte Ofta CT01iJIa? I
T: r.a.e crain EoreHHH?
S: rAe OK croM?
r.o:e CTO.liJrn KupHm1 II CeMeH?
(HIIHa, 11eo, Mlflla, MY:lK Ii )KelH'i)
t. What did you buy, O/eg? 2. What were you doing, O/ya?
I bought bread and herring. I was buying a briefcase.
T: lho obi: Kyrnirrn, OJIcr? T: liTO Obi .n:e.nanH, Omr?
s: H li'YmUi XJlOO H CeJle.rtKy. s: A IIoKYrulJla nopr(lenb,
.... A ?
unJi.
T: ""ITO Obi KyrnuDI, T: LITO SbI .n:enanl1, lIes?
s: A Kymina xne6 H ceM,llKy. S: ~ aOKynall nopTlMb.
LITO Obi Kymurn, pe6lin? (MMa, KIfPH.rtn, HHtta, CeMeH, Cama)
LITO Kymin 11eo?
LITO Kymina O.JlJl?
4TO Kymina )i(r.;':r?
4TO kymin Mt.?
, In I'{Ji questions of this Iype the pronoun must puc~ (he verb: Cf.e otdi crOli.rla! A noun, however, may appear either
bc:foll: or after the verb: rne Om.n crotina! (Or rlle crojna OJlW"a!)
LESSON 5 77
DISCUSSION
The past tense of Russian verbs is expressed by the past tense suffix -JI plus the appropriate
gender or number ending to agree with the subject.
With most verbs the past tense suffix is added to a form of the stem ending in a vowel: 6':'-n,
AYM&-J1, nOKyna-n, BHn.e-n, cToli-n, rOBOpH--n, and so forth.
Stress. The stress is usually the same in aU four forms of past tense, but may shift to the ending
in the feminine fonn, particularly with the shorter verbs. Compare 6bvi, 6':'Jlo, 6WH with 6l.1na (t);
also nHJI, n"Jlo, nHJDI with DHna (t). In the combinations uii 61:>1J1, HC 6l.1J1o, and lie 6b1nH, the stress
shifts from the verb to the negative particle He, Note, however, that it remains on the verb in the
feminine form lie 6wJla.
REFERENCE LIST Of PAST TENS" FORMS
Infinitive Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
6W'L be 6hlJl 6h1n-a 6blJl-O 6hl))-H

min. drink min nHn-a nHn-o rrHJI-M
3HaTL know 3H!vI 311M-a 3HiuHl 3Ha.JI-H
nocmiTL send nocn3.n nOCJllln-a nocniuJ--o nOCJ1aJJ-M
,1I,CJlaTL do nenan nenan-a nen3n-o JJ.CnaJI-H
JJ.ocTaTL get .l:IOCT3.n AOCTan-a AOCT3.n-O LIOCT3..JI-H
CJrbuuaTL hear CJlblll.lan CJIbIWan-3. CJ1hlWaJI-o CJlbIWaJl-H
pa60TaTL work pa66Tan pa66Tan-a pa6oTan-o pa60TaJI-H
06e,1l,aTL dine o5eAan o66n.aJT-a oGeAan-o oGeaaJl-H
noot}CAaTL dine noo6ellaJI noo6ell.aJJ-a noore.ll:aJJ-o no05cLIaJJ-H
nOKymh'L buy lloKyn3.JI nOKymi.JI-a nOKymlJl-o nOKynan-H
Kymin. buy KynHJI KyoHJI-a KynHJI-o KyoHJI-H
cnelmtTL hurry CnClllHJI CneWHJI-a CneWHJI-o CneWHJI-H
BH,neTL ",e 8H,uen BH.ll:CJI-a Blf.rr.eJl-O BH,uCJI-H
CMOTpCTL look cMoTpCn CMoTpe.rr-a CMOl'pen-o CMOTpe.rr-H
nOCMoTpCTL look nOCMOTpeJi nocMorpen-3. IlOCMOTpCJI-O OOCMOTpen-H
XOTeTL want XOTeJI XOTeJJ-a XOTe......... XOTCJI-H
qTEHHE H nHCbMO READING AND WRITING
78 LESSON 5
LESSON 5 79
80 LESSONS
J, :J
LESSON 5 81
LESSON 6
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION nepowii lleHb B yllHBepcHTbe
nepOblH ,neHb the first day

nepSblH ,neUb S yHJtBepcHme. The first day at the university_
,neBnb nine
no'fTIi almost
Y:lKt 00...... 1I,eawn.. It's almost nine already.
napa time, it's time
nopi 1U{Ili. It's time to be going.
rOT08 (m), rOT08a (f) ready
Ho li ewe He f'OTOBa. But I'm not ready yet.
PY<tK3 pen, penholder
pY'tICa
MOJi my pen
[H]3H3.Jo I know
He lHlUo. r,a;e M01f PYOUI:a. I don't know where my pen is.
n6JlKa shelf, bookcase
lIa nonICe on the shelf, on the bookcase
SOH TaM over there, over yonder
A BOU TiM, aB. uomce, lie omi? But over there on the shelf, isn't [that] it?
TeTp3Jlb (I) notebook
3T" TeTp3..AH these notebooks, those notebooks
ace 3TH TeTp8M: all those notebooks
Te6e for you, to you
33.'1CM why, what for, for what purpose
H 31..33'1CM Te6e
Te6e ace in T~!
why do you need
And why do you need all those notebooks?
npas.na truth; it's the truth, tbat's right
~a. npaa.na. Yes, you're rigbt.
KH"ra book
""".... (pfv)
83m
books
to take
83
[Ji] 803bMY I'll take
>1 803bMY TOJIhKO KHHrH. I'll take just the books.
OlIHY TeTpMb one notebook
Bo3LMY TOJu"KO KIIIinI H OAHY TeTp8ro:.. 1"11 take just the books and one notebook.
803bMH take!
Kapaa.na rn pencil
H kapaH.lJ.Aw BOObMH. And take a pencil.
H ewe .... pa.u.a8.tu a03LMIi, And take a pencil too.
noUJJtH let's go! we're off!
Hy, noumii! Well, let's go!
see all, everything (here all set)
H Y ace, n(llll.llli! Well, all set, let's go!
Here's the university!
lhe chanccllor, the presidenl (of lhe

university)
OH 6Y.aeT rOBopHTb hc'lI speak
n.e 6Y,ller rOBOpH-rL pCKTOp? Where will the chancellor speak?
3.aaHHe [zdaQj;)] building
60JlLWOe 3.aaltHe the large buiJding
Tbl: 8H.zJ.HWb you see
Tb.i 8H.n.uWh 6oJIhrnOe 3JJ.3.HHe? 00 you see tbe large building?
B6H TiM. BH,.amrn. 60JlbrnOe 3.Q.3.HHe? Over there. Do you see the large building?
6H6mto-reKa library
up6THB 6H6JIHOTeKH opposite the library
80H riM. KMIIHlIJL fionbUJ6e J.aiHae Over there. Do you see the large building
np6nm 6H6mtoTelOl? opposite the library?
,lIa, BDiy. Yes, I see.
Torna then, in that case
nod. SO long
Hy, TGrll,a nod. Well, so long then.
SUPPLEMENT
nepo pen point, pen

r.ae nep6? Where's a pen? or Where's a pen point?
'leU (m) whose
4eu 3TO KapaHJJ.3m! Whose pencil is this?
-Mou. Mine.
whose
""" (I)
4bJl .iTo KHHra? Whose book is this?
-Moli. Mine.
'"" (0) whose
4bt no fiHCbMO? Whose letter is this?
-Moe. Mine.
3an hall (room within a building)
BOT 3an, rlle 6YAe-r rOBOpHTb Here's the hall where the chancellor
ptKTOp. will speak.
84 LESSON 6
IIePBLIH )leu.. B yUUBepCUTeTe
H. - HHKomBi (K61l.ll), 6pAT

r. - ranHHa (ranJl). cecTp3.
H. raJUI, gal' !
YJKC DOlfTH ):leBRTb. ufe patli ~eyil !
napa H.ATH. para illi!
r. 2 Ho H eUle He rOTOB3. no ja jisco !J.igatov;) 1
He :malO, Qiznaju I
rAe MO" py'lK3. I g~e maja rutb!
H. J, A BOH HiM, a v6n lam I
H3 neniCe, napol~i!
He 0",1? Qiana i
M: 3a'lCM Te6e i zatem Ii lie I
Bee 3TH TeTpa)l,J.t? rle eli lilra~i j
r. 4 .lI.a, npaBLl3. da j pravda j

B03bMY TOJ1bKO KHHni va~mu tolb kQigi I
H O,llHy TeTpa,ab. i adnu titnit 1
H. 5 M ewe KapaHltam B03bMH. i jisco k;:>randas vappJ 1
r. 6 Hy BCe. nu rio j
nowmiP palli j

H. 7 BOT H ynHBepcHTh! v6t i uQiyir~i\et!
r. 8 r.n.e 6y,neT rOBopHTb pCKTOp?l g~e bu~il govapI rSkl,r j
H. 9 B61:1 TaM. von lam 1
BH,uHWb 60JlbWOe 3.a.aHHe yi~il balloj. zdaQj. I
npoTHB 6H6J1110TeKH? protir lI ib !ia lelP j
r. 10 }:la, BIDKy. dii j yifu j
H. 11 Hy, Tor.uA nOKa. nu tagda pad 1
NOTES 1 Of the two words for pen, py"Ka is more commonly used in the Soviet
Union now than nepa. More specifically, PY"tK8 means penholder and nep6 pen point.
Notice that these teons all refer to the old-fashioned type of pen used with an
inkwell. Fountain pen is aBTOpy"lK8.
let's go is actually the plural past tense fonn of noiiTIi to go, to set off
2 DOUlllN
used as a special imperative in highly colloquial style. Compare it with the English
expression we're off.
PeKTOp is comparable to our university or college president or chancellor. At
j
the beginning of eacb academic year freshmen assemble in a large hall to hear an
address given by him.
LESSON 6 85
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION AMepHK8HcKHii: crY.l'CHT
aMepHlCaucKHH American (adj only)

aMepHkauclCHH cryAeHT an American student
6H aMepHXanCICHH cryAeHT. He's an American student.
TaOH nepSblH ,a,eHb your first day
npoRTH (prv I) to pass, go by
npowen passed, went [by]
IUiK npornen TB6ii nepln"H ,!leu.. ? How did your first day go 1
HH"Icr6 all right (lit. nothing)
lfHqer6. All right.
OJUln (m) one, a

aMepHXaHeu American
OroiH aMepHk3.Hen an American
TiM 6blJ1 OmlR aMepHXaHeu. There was an American there.
neUUUl lecture, class (at university level)
Ha neICWtH at the lecture, in class
y HaC Ha nellauUf at our lecture, in our class
Y HaC Ha nekUHH 6bui OMH There was an American at our lecture.
aMepHIC3Heu.
TbI 3Haewb you know
3Jllietub, y IISC Ha mSh.'"UHM You know, there was an American at our
ow. oAHu aMepHKaneQ. lecture.
OR crOUT be's standing, he stands
6H TAM CToHT. He's standing over there.
TOT, Til, T6;"Ii that (over there, yon); that person, that one
SOH Tin that person over there, the ooe over there
BOa TOT, "ITO TiM CTOHT1 That fellow standing over there 1
MO)l(:eT 6bm. [moZ(Kl)bi~] maybe, perhaps
M6>eT oWn., .oH TOT, "ITO That fellow standing over there perhaps 1

TaM """"

Tat>: iTo ())HJlHtm rpallT. Why that's Philip Grant.
er6 him; his
Tbl ero 3H8.CWb 1 Do you know him 1
n03I1a"OMHTbCH [J)Qznakoqtitc:l] to become acquainted, meet, be introduced
I1HTepeeHo n03RakOMHThCJI. [It'd be] interesting to meet [him].
lW er6 lH8euu.? KHTepkao Do you know him 1 [It'd be] interesting
D031UlK6MJrn.ca. to meet [him].
:no MOR cecTp3. This is my sister.

npHBfi, ())HJlNIBI. ~o MOti cecTpli Hi Philip. This is my sister Galya.
ram..
6pAT brother
3TO MOR 6pAT KOnJI. This is my brother, Kolya.
ceH"IaC' now, just now, right away
.>t sac ceH"IaC 8HJlCJt. I saw you just now.
I This word may be pronounoed either [~i~sl or [~iMsJ.
86 LESSON 6
JdtJKeTC~ it seems
Jt BaC, KfmeTCSI, ceii'lac BH.aen. It seems I saw you just now.
ayJtHTOplUI auditorium, lecture room, classroom
B ayJ.tHTOpHH in the auditorium
R TOM ayJtHTOpHH in that auditorium, in the auditorium there
J1: de, n*e-rCK, ceirlac 8Jtnen 8 T6ii It seems I saw you just now in the auditorium
ayllllT6p1D1. there.
IJ.i, Ii rl." 6LvI1i. Yes, I was there.

no-pjccxu Russian
Rbi roBoprn you speak
Rbi rOBoprn no-pyccKH. You speak Russian.
A 8Y xopoo.o roBOpH're . .pyttKH. You speak Russian well, by the way.
Rbi J(jMaeTe you think
MHe d)l(eTCSI it seems to me
BW AYMae-re? A MOe d]Ke-rCR - You think so? It seems to me I don't
lie O'lCtlb. [speak it] very [well].
'tTO BbI ('iTO BbJ rOBopine)! you're not serious! what do you
mean (lit. what are you saying)!
Hy 'ITO BY! Bno.rme xop0w6. Why what do you mean! [You speak] quite well.
BbI YIflUm: you studied

pyCCXHH lOW: Russian, language Russian
Ca.e BbI y'Uirnt PYccKHH ~3b1.K? Where did you study Russian '1
WJCoJia school (below university level)
B WKOJle in school
Where did you study Russian, in school?
Ha, 8 ymmepcIfTbe. No, at the university.
SUPPLEMENT
AMepHKa America
On Y'lHJI pyCCKHH S13b1K R AMepHKc. He studied Russian in America.
aMepHKanKa [an] American (f)
KTO aHa, aMepHxaUl<a? What is she, an American '1
H r080piO I speak
A rOBopiO no-pYccKH. I speak Russian.
A rOBopiO no-aJlTmHickH. I speak English.
A He roBOp.o nO-aHTmiiickH. I don't speak English.
HenJ10XO not badly, not too badly
Rbi Hennoxo roBOPH're nopYccxH. You don't speak Russian too badly.
LESSON 6 87
H. - HlfKonaH (K6nSl)
r. - ranHHa (rA..rur)
41. r. - 4IlfnHnn rpallT (aMepHK3lleuj
H. KaK npomen kak pra~ol

TROit nepBblit .n:eUb, Iv6j gervij QeQ!
ramI? gal' j
r. 2 HH'fero. Qicivo 1
3HaeWb, znajis !
y HaC H3 neKUHH unas nalekciji I
6blJl O.n:HH 3MepHK3Heu.. I bi! aQin arpirikaQic 1
,
H. J MO)KeT 6bTTb, BOH TOT. moz(id)bi~ von toil
'iTO TaM CTOHT? st";) tam slajil T
TaK :ho <llmninn fpaHT. I";)k el";) fitip granl !
r. 4 Tbl ero 311aewb? Ii jivo znajis T
J.1luepeeHo n03HaKOMHTbCJI. in\iresn~ p~znakorpit~ 1
H. 5 n PHBe-r. <l>HJlHnn! ppyel filip j
3To MOJl cecTpa ranJi. el~ maja ~islra gal;,)!
<1>. r. 6 3.n:paBCTByitTe !2 zdrastujti !

ii: BaC. KA)KeTCl'I, ceii'iac BH.n:en ja vas kazit~ ~icas yiQil I
B TO" aylHtTOPIHf. ft6j aUQit6riji !
r. 7 Jja. da j
g TaM 6b1na. ja tam bila !
A Db!: XopoWO a vi x~raS6
rOBopHTe nopyccKH. g:wari~i panjs~i 1
<1>. r. 8 Bhl nyMaeTe? vi dum~ji~i 1
A MHe K3)KeTCJI - a ffiQe ka1itc-;)
He OleHb. QiociQ j
H. 9 Hy, 'ITO BM! nu. sto vi!
BnonHe xopomo. fpalQe x-;)raso!
r. 10 fne Bbi Y'lHJlH pyCCKHH $lJhIK. gQe vi ucili rus~j jizik 1
B llJKOne?) 15koli 1
<1>. r. J 1 HeT. Q<t I
B yHHBcpcHTe-re. vUQiyir~i~e\i 1
NOTES 1 The nouns aMepHK8Helt and aMepKKaHKa refer to an American male and
female respectively. The adjecLive &MeptlKaHc!'HH can never be used alone 10 refer
to the person. Thus alHepllKllHckHii CTYJl.M or aMepHriHCKIlJI CT)'J1.e.mca is used for
all American sludent, but only a\tepHK8HeQ or aMepHKiHl.-a for an American. Notice
that none of these words is capitalized in Russian.
88 LESSON 6
2 When introduced, Russians usually say simply )JlpasCT8yiiTe hello. With
older people or distinguished individuals, however, one should use the more polite
ronns corresponding to our Very pleased to meet you: O<tetlb op..mo (or OqOOL
npUmo DO:utaKOMllTLCll (c !liMN}).
l PjCCt.':HM Klbo\ is used for Russian here, but the adverbiaJ form no-pYCCt.':N
is used with such verbs as roBOpm to speak, oomin. to read, and llllcin. to write.
Compare Bbi lHaeTe pyccKllii 1I3boc? Do you know Russian?

r,Qe ebi )"'IWm PYCCKJlM K3WK? Where did you study Russian?
with Bbi rosopiITe no-pyCCKII? Do you speak Russian?

Bbi 'lHT3.eTe no-pyttKH? Do you read Russian?

I. 3TO Moil nepBLrii ).leHL B yHHBepcHTere. It's my first day at the university.
_ _ _ _~ B wK6ne. _ _ _ _ _ in school.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 na6opaTopltH. _ _ _ _ _ _ in the laboratory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 06lUe:lKHTHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ in the dormitory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua :saa6Jle. _ _ _ _ _ _ at the plant.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ H3 CJIy*:6e. _ _ _ _ _ _ on the job.
2. napa Hllut, KomI. Tbi ytlCe rOTOR? Time to be going, Kolya. Are you ready yet?
- Aa, rOTOB. Yes, I am.
- Her ewe. Not yet.
- Aa, Ji Y'ke rOT08. Yes, I'm ready.
- Her, A ewe He rOT08. No, I'm not ready yet.
3. nopa HJJ;TIi:, raJUI. Tbi ytlCe rOTosa? Time to be going, GaJya. Are you ready yet?
- Aa, rOToBa. Yes, I am.
- Her eme. Not yel.
- )la, A yxe rOToBa. Yes, I'm ready.
- Hth, .Ii ew:e HC rOTo8a. No, I'm not ready yet.
4. nopa HllTH, pe6liTa. Bbl )"Ke rOTOBLJ? Time to be going, fellows. Are you ready yet?
- J].a, Mbl rOToBbL Yes, we are.
- Hheute. Not yet.
- Jl.a, Mbi )')Ke rOToBbI. Yes, we're ready.
- Her, MbJ ewe He rOTOObl. No, we're not ready yet.
s. Y:lKe napa HJJ:TIt Ha neKUHJO? Is it already time to go to the lecture?

- 113, yxe nopA. Yes, it's already time.
- ll.a, ,QaBl:IO napa. Yes, it's long since time.
- )la, 'flKe ).leBRTb. Yes, it's already nine.
- )la, noomt. n.eSJlTL. Yes, it's almost nine.
- )la, nOWJIH. Yes, Jet's go.
- Ha, ewe pano. No, it's early still
6. J1D.eM 0 )'ltHBePCHTCT. Lei'S go to the university.

_ _ 8 6H6JIHOTe"y. _ _ _ to the library.
_ _ 8 aY.Q.HTOpmo. _ _ _ to the auditorium.
I..ESSON 6 89
J.1JleM 8 l(nY6. Let's go to the club.
_ _ B 06ll.le)fOtTJ.fe. ____ to the dormitory.
_ _ B na60pn6pHIO. _____ to the laboratory.
___ 8 r6po,ll,. _____ 10 town.
7. >t enemy H3 pa66Ty. I'm hurrying to work.
___ H3 n6'fTy. ______ 10 Ihe post office.
____ Ha KOHUepT. ______ to the concert.
___ H3 neJW.HlO. ______ to the lecture.
___ Ha co6panHe. ______ to the meeting.
8. ~TO Moli cecTp3 raJlll. This is my siSler Galya.

__ 1016H 6ph K6JU1. __ my brother Kolya.
__ Moli ",eHa. __ my wife.
__ M6H MYc. __ my husband.
9. >t B3C BH.a.en Ha nenum. I saw you at Ihe lecture.
_ _ _ _ D. co6pAHHu. _____ at the meeting.
_____ H3 1C0Hltepre. _____ at tbe concert.
_____ H33aa6p;e. _ _ _ at the plant.
_ _ _ _ 8 repone. _____ downtown.
____ B rS'Me. _ _ _ in GUM.
10. OH ttnepb 8 )'HHBt'pcHT're. He's at tbe university now.
_ _ _ B<nj6e. __ at the club _
_ _ _ _ 8 06ll.leIHTHif. __ in the dormitory _
____ 8 aynHT6pHlf. __ in the auditorium _
_ _ _ _ 8 6H6nH01i"e. __ at the library _
II. Ow He rOBOpHre no-pyccDS? You don't speak Russian, do you?

Bw Henn6xo r080plrre no-pYccKH. You don't speak: Russian [tooJ badly.
_ xopow6 _ You speak Russian well.
_ scer.d _ You always speak Russian.
_ T6JKe _ You also speak Russian.
_onnb _ You're speaking Russian again.
_ 6'feHb xopow6 _ You speak Russian very weU.
_ BnonHe xopow6 ~_ You speak Russian quite well.
12. Obi rOBOpHTe nO-3Hrmrn:CKH? Do you speak English?
- .Qa, r080p.o. Yes, I do.
- .QA, Ji rOBop.o no-aHrmiitckH. Yes, I speak English.
- .Qa, HO He 6'feHb xopow6. Yes, but not very well.
- Her, He rOBop.o. No, I don't.
- Her, A He rOBop.o no-aHrJlHHCKH. No, I don't speak English.
13. Bbi nOHHMae-re nO-aHrnHHCKH? Do you understand English?
- .Qa, nOHKMAJo. Yes, I do.
- .Qa, Ji nOHHM8.1O nO-aHrJlKHCKH. Yes, I understand English.
- Her, He nOHHMcUo. No, I don't.
- Her, li He nOHHM8.1O no-aHrmmCKH. No, I don't understand English.
14. BWlCyminH cene.axy? Did you buy herring?
_ _ _ _ pw6y? _ _ _ _ fish?
_ _ _ _ ""Hry? _ _ _ _ a book?
_ _ _ Te"l"j)3Ab 1 ______ a notebook?
90 LESSON 6
~, _____ bread?
----""=.
---_."",
....... ,
____ tea?
---_.""" .
_ _ _ _ Monox6?
_____
____
coffee?
milk?
____ 0""'...'
_ _ _ _ TeTpaaH?
_ _ _ _ _ cucumbers?
_ _ _ _ _ notebooks?
Pronunciation practice: hard versns soft consonants

A. lsI vs. I~J Usual Cyrillic spelling c; sometimes e... 3, or :lb.
Note the pronunciation of hard [s] in the following:
[vasl ",;C you

[aft6bus] aBT66yc bus
and compare it with soft [~]:
l~iIjl6nl Simon
If~uJ all
!Il;~m6J Jetter
Russian hard [s] is fairly similar to English s. Soft [~) is made by bringing the front part of the
blade of the longue toward the upper gum ridge. It has the effect of being followed by a ylike glide.
Sound Drill; Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [s] and
soft [~]. imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
B. [zl vs. I~I Usual Cyrillic spelling J; sometimes lb, C, or a..
Note the pronunciation of hard [z] in the following:
(zdrastuWJ 3JJ;paoCTByilTe hello

[zdar6vi] J.ll.OpOBbl healthy
[nozav~1 Ha JaBo,D;e at the plant
and compare it with soft h:J:
Ipmul JHMy winter

Ipnol 3Hua Zina
Russian [zl and [~] are made with the vocal organs in the same position as for Russian Is]
and I~],
but, in addition, they are voiced.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard Izl and
soft [~l, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you caD.
LESSON 6 91
c. ['I vs. [rl Usual Cyrillic spelling p; sometimes ph.
Note the pronunciation of hard [r] in the following:
[zdn\stujti] 3JJ,pfl.BCrB yihe hello

[n~ur6k] 113 ypOK to the lesson
[zdar6vi] 3.D:OpOObl healthy
[x::lras6] xopow6 good, well
and compare it with soft [r]:
fIIipl] KJ.lpHJlJl Kirill

[g~varat] rOBopRT they say
[tiger) Tenepb nnw
Russian hard [rJ is unlike any variety of American English r. It is something like the "rolled"
Scottish r and practically identical with the r of Spanish, Italian, modem Greek, Serbo~Croatian.
or Polish. In pronouncing Russian [rl, the tongue is trilled or vibrated, making one or more taps
against the ridge of the gums behind the upper teeth. (American children sometimes make such a
trill in imitating the sound of a machine gun or an airplane engine.) Soft [rJ is formed similarly,
but the middle surface of the tongue is arched higher giving the effect of a y-like glide. l
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [r] and
soft [rl, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
Intonation practice
Introductory remarks
Within any major segment of speech some syllables are spoken at a higher relative pitch level
than others. We designate these as 1 low, 2 middle, 3 high, and 4 extra-high, with the extra-high
level occurring much less frequently than the other three.
These levels are indicated graphically by a line which we call the intOflmion contour, drawn
above the major segment through the primary and secondary stress points and ending in an arrow.
An upward stroke indicates a slight rise in the voice (typical of certain kinds of questions), and a
downward stroke indicates a falling of the voice. The primary stress point is indicated by a small
circle and the secondary stress points by small black dots on the intonation contour directly above
the stressed syllables.
EXAMPLE
4
3
2
1
HHHa 6hJJla 8 rYMe.

, One hears something like the Russian [r] in certain imitations of upper-class British speech, for example, in the pro-
nunciation of lerribly when the r sounds almost like a d.
92 LESSON 6
Intonation drills
A. Slatemel1ls with fo//ing contours. In contours of this lype lhe high peak occurs in the first
part of lhe segment, dropping gradually thereafter and making lhe sharpest drop on or immediately
before the syllable with primary slress. The basic range is from 2 or 3 down to I, although the slarting
point may be an upward rise from level 2 to level 3. These countours are typical of neutral statements,
exclamations. and commands.
lmilale lhe leacher or tape as accurately as you can.
4 4
J J
2 2
I I
on:pbrra. B'iepa 6bu10 co6paHHe.
B Kop06Ke. Y HaC ecn. KAwa.
Ha :JaBCme. Tenepb omi 3AOpOBbI.
B JiUUtxe. I1pHHa 6b1J1a B rYMe.
rOnoAcH. OliH 6buut B rOp<)J1e.
4 4
J J
2 2
I I
BM MeT aBT06yc. .H AaBHo aac He aHnen.

TaM 6wno HHTepecllo. 6H B'iepa lie 6bUJ H3 CJ1p!<6e.
BM MarepJ.tan Ha nmlne. Mhl ceronHR 6WJ1H B ropo.ue.
4 4
J J
2 2
I I
OGen rOTOB. M~ Hell3aHO oMJ.t 'taM.

OrypuW Ha CTone. Jl He.naello riM 6bu1.
Ha CTOne 66pm. 6H rOBopiIT Bnonue xopow6.
B Kop66Ke MaTepJ.tan. ran. l""C TIIM 6bJJ1a.
B. Questions with falling cOntours. The contour is similar to thai of statemenls, but the range is
wider, starting with level 4 and dropping gradually thereafter to level 2. The primary stress may be
either on the question word itself or on the last stressed syllable. This contour is typical of questions
beginning with a question word. Note that the voice does not rise at the end as it often does in English.
Imitate your teacher or the lape as accurately as you can.
4 4
J J
2 2
I I
KT6 aHa? l.ITO TYr a Kop66Ke?
KT6 :no? r.c Hawe c06paHHe?
'!T6 :ho? KTO yxe rononeH?
Kyna BW? KTO He 6bUl Ha CJ1)0K6e?
r ne ",e OH? 3a'ieM BaM CneWHTh ?
LESSON 6 93
4 4
~
3 3
2 2
I I
rlle 110;1 Ky.aa 8M H,ltCTe?
r.ne orypu;bi? rae Db! 6bum?
Cne KHpiUtn? KTO BAc BH.neJI?
4TO Db! .aenanH?
rn.e
ami: CTOJiJflt?
tlTo DbI 8H.aeJUf?
4TO 6brno B Kop66Ke?
The four noun declensions in Russian:

CTOJl-, OIWO-, *eHft.-, and ,lI;Bepb-ciass nouns
According to the pauerning of their case endings, Russian nouns may be divided into four
basic types. We shall usc a model noun to represent each basic type.
1. crM-class 2. OI.. uo....class 3. *clla-class
1. CroJl-ciass nouns are masculine. Their nominative singular ends in a consonant letter
(including -ii) or -to.
EXAMPUS
aBTooyc, npHBh, ypOJ:. KHpH.n.n, CeMeH, Mp:, UJj6. ylUlBCpcHTeT, 66plll. 'faH. Atm.,
nopTlC.rrb.
2. OKBO-class nouns are neuler. Their nominative singular ends in the letter -0, -c, or-e.
EXAMPUS
nHcbMo, y-rpo, a61o. lIJIan.e, co6pallHC, m!HHc singing, 06Ulc"ofTHC, 6eJlbC linen.
3. JKeaa-class nouns arc chiefly feminine; a few thai refer 10 maJes are masculine. Their Domina-
tive singular ends in the letter -a or -H.
EXAMPLES
cnPt<6a, pbl6a, cene.a.Ka, na6opaT6plUl, Kop66Ka, npaBna, HiiHa, Miina, riJul,
K6n.H Koiyu, MHwa Misha, lIW uncle.
4. .LJ.gept.-c1ass nouns are feminine. Their nominative singular always ends in the lelter-h.
EXAMPLES
JUU:pb, 6cellt., 6lfepeJtt., TeTp3,L(b.
EXERCISE
Arrange four columns with the following heads:
I. aM 3. *eM'
Put each of tbese nouns in its proper column:
TCJIe$SH, yooPlUHua, aeno, O<iepe.lJ.b, nnan.e, wxona, neKltlUl, C06p3HHC, 'Iaii, OKIIO, .H3b1:K, UDOlf,
IfCTOplUl, kapaH,ll,3.W, K3.pTa, 6ce:Hb, lPUJn.M, repOii, lIe,a,enSl, nepO, CBHJl3,lOte, y-tHTenbHHua, nemre,
yron, MOpe, TcTp3.nb, MonoK6, pe3ym.T3.T, c.rrYJtc6a, JleB, Kawa, orype[{, aeut., nop~b, K6n.H.
94 LESSON 6
The accusative singular of nouns ending in -a and -9
MOOELS
.R KynHn cenCAKY. I bought herring.

_ _ _ pbI6y. _ _ _ fish.
_ _ _ PY'ikY _ _ _ a pen.
_ _ _ BMkY _ _ _ arork.
_ _ _ J10)I(KY _ _ _ a spoon.
_ _ _ n6nxy. _ _ _ a bookcase.
_ _ _ KIIHry. _ _ _ a book.
R DIDiey HHHY. I see Nina.

___ MHJlY __ Mila.
_ _ _ CTyn.CHTKy. __ (he coed.
_ _ _ ceCTPY __ my sister.
_ _ _ :lKCUY __ my wife.
_ _ Omo. __ Olya.
_ _ _ K6Juo. __ Kolya.
_ _ Cl.tuy. __ Sasha.
.st u.nY 8 na60paT6pHIO, I'm going to the laboratory.

_ _ B aYAHTOpHlO. ____ to the lecture ball.
_ _ B 6H611HoTexy. ____ to the library.
_ _ B UlKony. _ _ _ _ to schooL
_ _ liB n6ITy. ____ to the post office.
_ _ HB CJTjx6y. ____ to work.
_ _ HB nCKlUDO . ____ to the lecture.
REPETITION DRILLS
Repeat the above models, noting that when nouns ending in -a or -'IiI in the Dominative singular
serve as the direct object or the object of a preposition after a motion verb, the endings -a and ......
are replaced by -y and -fO respectively.
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Where's the wxlka? 2. There's the post office.

Did you buy Yodka? Yes, I see the post office.
T: rAe BO,D;l:a? T: T3M nO'ITa.
s: BY KyminH aOJJ.KY? s: ,na, JilUf:Y uO'IT)'.
T: rAe pbl:6a? T: T3M na60paTopIl.Jl.
s: Rbi KymirrH p.:.6y? s: JJ,i, , BM*y Jla60paTopKtO.
(KJllfra, BKJUca, nO)l(Ka, nonKa, cene,lJ;Ka, (Kop66Ka, pbI6a, dwa, aYllHTOpHlI,
py'lKa) nO)l(Ka, BllnKa, HUlfa, 6IU1)
3. The schoors open. T:.AYJlHTOpWI OTKpblTa.

rm going to school. s: A HJtj B ay.LUIT0pKtO.
T: llh:ona onpbf'ra. (na6oparopltJl, 6H6nItOTeKa, UIKona,
s: a w.nY BlUKOny. aYAHTOpWl)
LESSON 6 95
4. Nina was al the lecture. T: Komi 6hJ:n ua neKl.UUf.
Did you see Nina? s: BbI BH.rteJ1H KoJIlO?
T: HHHa 6bfJHl Ha neKl.um. (cecll'a, MHna, 6nR, raJIS!, carna,
s: BL:I 8H.tteJIH HHHy? CTY.QeHTKa HfuIa)
CUED QUESTiON~ANSWER DRILL
(a lecture) Where are you going?

To a lecture.
T; (neKl.J;HJl) KYM flbl HJJ:CTC?
S; Ha JIeKQHJO.
T: (6lf6nHoreKa) Ky.ua BM H,ue-re?
S: B 6HMHoreKy.
(CJlpc6a, n6lfTa, wKona, aYll.I.fT6pHR,
na60paTOpHJl,neK~)
DISCUSSION
NOMINATIVE SINGULAR ACCUSATIVE! SINGULAR
-a and-~ -y and -to
)KeHs. )Keny
pw6a pbl6y
ceneAK3 cenc.QKY
ran,. ramo
6 6mo
Kont! K6ntO
The direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition accompanying a motion verb is in the
accusative case. )KeHs.class nouns replace -3 and --51 of the nominative singular with -y and -10
respectively in the accusative singular. Note that while most of these nouns are feminine, some are
masculine; TaM 6blJl KonH Kolya was there; R BMJJ;en Komo I saw Kolya.
Inanimate CTM- and oKUo-class nouns have accusatives which are like their nominatives both
in the singular and the plural:
.sf BfuKy cTOn. I see the table.
_ _ _ CTonw. __ the tables.
_ _ _ OKUO. __ the window.
_ _ _ Olma. __ the windows.
_ _ _ orypeQ. __ the cucumber.
_ _ _ orypn;bi. __ the cucumbers.
All ~p ..-class nouns (animate and inanimate) have singular accusatives like their nominative
singular. (In the plural, the accusative is like the nominative only if the noun is inanimate.)
51 BOY JJ;sepb. I see the door.
_ _ _ ...ePM_ __ the doors.
_ _ _ Jho66Bb rTerp6BHY. __ Lyubov Petrovna.
96 LESSON 6
The second conjugation verb rOBopHTb
PAST fOBOpUJl, rOBOpHlla, rOl~OpHJlO, rOBopHlHf
PRESENT rOBoplO, rOBOpHrnb, roBOpHT, rOBopHM, rOBopiITe, rOBopsiT
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. You ta/kedfor a long lime. 2. He speaks Russian.

T: Bbl .QOJJro rOBopHlm. T: 6H rOllopkr no-pYccKlf.
s: Rw .n6JIro rOBOpH.rlH. S: OR roBOpHT Ilo-PYCCKH.
(ou, 08<1, OHlt, TbI, Mbl, Bbl, si) (OHH, Bbl, Ii, Mbt, T1:d, OHa, MbJ, 6H)
I. Do you speak Russian? 2. How do I speak Russian?

Yes, I do. You don't speak Russian [tooJ badly.
T: Bbl rOBopHTe no-pyccKU? T: Kflx Ji rosopIO no-pyccKH?
s: lI,a. rOBopw. s: Bbi HeWlOxo roBOpHTe no-pycCkH.
T: Qua rOBoplh nO-PYCCKH? T: KaK OHM rOBopJi'r no-pyccKlf?
s: .lI.a, r080pHT. s: Olla HeWloxo roaopliT Uo-pyCCKH.
(TbE, ami, <l>81111nl1, Bbl, aMepuKaneu, (all, MM. TbJ. OHa, Rbi:, Ii, $lfnHnn,
rpaHT) aMcpmd.Heu rpfl.lfT)
3. Does she speak English?

No, she doesn't.
T: Omi roaoplIT no-aJlfJUIHcKU?
s: HCT, He rOBopliT.
T: Tw rOBopllWb no-aHfmHkKU?
s: AeT, He I"OBOPro.
(Komi, BW, 6paT, OH", ceCTpa, ru)
I. (Tsarapkin) Who's speaking? 2. (the chancellor) Who spoke?

It's narapkin speaking. The chwlcellor spoke.
T: (UapaoKuu) KTO rOBopHT? T: (pCKTOp) KT6 rOBoplrn?
s: rOBOpHT LI.apallKHR, s: rOBOpaJl peKTOp.
T: (Hima) KTa rOaOpH:T? T: (era iKeHa) KTO rOBOpH.n?
s: fOBOpilT H.rn8. s: fOBOpaJl8 ero *ella.
(KlfPH.rr.n naBJlOBH'l, pCKTOp, Hima, (aMept1KaHeu fpiHT, XHTpOB, HHKOJlaH,
EareHlf", 11eo) MHJla, EBrcmdi, HHHa, f3JI.H)
DISCUSSION
The second conjugation verb l'OBOpH-rb, unlike COeIUHTh, has its stem ending in a soft consonant.
The spelling ending of the first person singular of rOBOpKTb is -w, and that of tbe third person plural
is -AT: rosop.o, rOBopn. Since CnernHTb has its stem ending in a hard consonant, the firSI person
singular has the ending ~Y and the third person plumJ has the ending -aT: enemy, cuernaT. The stress
paltem is the same in both verbs. The endings for the other persons are written the same for both
verbs: -Hmb, -tIT, --HM, -tITe. Note from the transcription following that p is soft throughout in
rosopal"b, and that ill is hard throughout in CUernHTb. (It is only a convention of tbe spelling system
that H and not LI is written after hard consonant Ill.)
LESSON 6 97
f'Osop-JO [g:;Jvar---il .......-y ["IIiH
-Kwb ~i~ -Kwb -u
-HT -it ->IT -it
-HM -im -HM -1m
-MTe -tti -MTe -I\i
-b -at] -AT -at]
Possessive modifiers
MODELS
NONCHANGING FORMS
:no ero CTOn. This is his table.

3TO ee cron. This is her table.
:no Jix C'T6n. This is their table.
3m ero noma. This is his bookshelf.
:no ee noma. This is her bookshelf.
3m '" nOnKa. This is their bookshelf.
3TO er6 nHCbM6. This is his letter.
:no ei rutCbMO. This is her leuer.
3m lix nHChuO. This is their letter.
CHANGING FORMS
"lei :ho nopTQ:lC.lJb? Whose: briefcase is this?

- :no M6i DOpnpem.. It's my briefcase.
- 3ro nOI ""p*"". It's your briefcase.
lIJ.iI .no .Il:HHra'1 Whose: book is this?
- :no Moi .Il:HHra. It's my book.
- :no ~ DUtra. It's your book.
lfJ.i 3TO nHQ>MO'1 Whose: letter is this?
- ::no Moe DHCbMO. It's my letter.
-:no....oe OHCbMO. It's your letter.
"lei .no cron? Whose table is this?
- :no HUD CTon. It's our table.
- :no Uw CTon. It's your table.
lft.j no n6nxa? Whose: shelf is this '1
- 3TO ..ama nom:a. It's our shelf.
- 3TO aawa n611ka. It's your shelr.
'b.i no 06m.e:llC.HTHe? Whose: dormitory is this?
- :n-o R.iwe 06w.a:Hnte. It's our dormitory.
- :no Uwe 06warne. It's your dormitory.
98 LESSON 6
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat Ihe above models observing the pattern. Note that there are two types of modifiers:
I. Those thai do not change Iheir form to agree with the word they modify: en>"ee, Hx.
2. Those that change their form according 10 the word they modify: ..ei, 'IhK, Moi, Moli, Haw,
BJiw, TOOii.
Observe also that TB6ii, TBOli, and noe relate to n:., while aaw, aawa, and same relale to Bbl.
I. Where's my briefcase? 2. WIJere's our dinner?

Your briefcase is on lhe lable. Your dinner is there.
T: rll,e MOU nopnt>enb? T: rae Haw 06ea?
s: Raw DOpT+em- Ha cyone. s: Raw ooeA d.".
T: rae Moil M3TepHan? T: r.a.e Ham 66pm?
s: Raw MaTeplllin Ha CTOJIe. s: Raw 66plQ ni.".
(li:w.KI, 66pw, K3paHllaw, ..au, HOJIC) ('1aH, JaBoa, wd*, CTon, XJJe6)
3. Where'of my sisler? 4. Where's our school?
Your sister's here. Our school is lhere.
T: rae Moli cectp3.? T: rae Hama ~ona?
s: Rima cecrpi TYr. s: Hlitua III.k'"6Jla ,-a,,,.
T: rAe Moli KHHra? T: rae HaWa kHura?
s: Rawa ICIIlira TjT. s: Hliwa IOUira TA.".
(,aBi:pb, .emi, pY-tKa. WKona, TeTp3..ah, (nonKa,.wrepb,CTOn08aA)
xop66Ka,aYJlHTOpKK)
5. Where'of my husband? 6. Where's your malerial?
Your husband is lhere. My malerial is lhere.
T: rae MOil My:*? T: rll,e nM MarepHan?
s: TaOii My" TiM. s: Moii MaTepKU TAM.
T: r.ae MOil CTOn? T: rae noii CT6n?
s: TaO" CYOJJ dM. s: Moii CTM TliM.
(noa3poK,A~,6paT,nOpTeJJb,WK3.*) (KapaHa3.W, 66pLU, Mj)K, o6eJI)
SUBSTITUTION DRILL
Whose pencil is lhal?

T: L):ei:i iTO Kapalf,A3w?
S: lfeii iTO KapllHJlliw? (MarepHan, 1IJ1l'tTbe, pbl6a, R1UltK, 6opw,
T: (n,p6) 1 ,UBepb, OKHO, nHebMo, 1I0)J(, Kop66Ka,
S: l.ft.e iTO "ep6? nopTq,enb, CTon, nonKa)
I. Whose letter is that? 2. Whose pen is lhat, yours?

Thar's my lelter. Yes, that's my pen.
T: 4..e iTO "HCbMO? T: 4bi5 iTO nepO, Bame?
s: ~o Moe IDtCbMO. s; ){Ii, iTO Mae "epO.
T: 4bR iTo Dura? T: 4eA :iTO nopnflCnb, BAw?
S: ~TO MOli: ...'"rira. S: D,... iTO Moii nopTten..
(nopT4ltnb, .wrepb, omo, HO:lll:, Rwme, (mitra, llBeph, JiJ.QKI, TeTpA,lu., OkHO,
KOp66Ka,CT6n,nnaTbe) KapaH.ll3.w, nonn)
L.E5SON 6 99
3. Whose dress is that, yours? 4. Is that your pencil?
Yes, it's my dress. No, it's his pencil.
T: t.fi>C :ho nniin.e, TBoe? T: 3To dw UpaH)l3.w?
s: )li, STo Moe wuin.e. s: HeT, iro ero Kapaa!titu.
T: \.IbJi:iTO KAma, TBoJi? T: 3TO same "cpO?
S: )),li, i"ro MOll KlIma. s: HliT, iTo erO nep6.
(u6)1(, CTon, o6e.n., pw6a, 1l:00000M, 'faH, (nopTll!:Jlb, CTon, ,a,aepb, 'Iau, KHHra,
ll:opOOn) "HCbMO, :lKCUa, UO:llC, cecrpa, mmo,
Marepean)
5. Is that your dress? 6. Is this our bread?

No, that's her dress. No, that's their bread.
T: 3To noe MaThe? T: 3TO HaW XJIe6?
S: HeT, :iTO ee wuln.e. S: HliT, iTo Iix xnOO.
T: 3To TaM MYx? T: 3To HaWa cene,Q,Ka?
S: Hh, iro ee MY"'. S: Hh iro Mx ce.ne.lJ.Ka.
(TBOJi TeTp<i.m., nep6, 'IaH, "HChMO, (CTon, 'laM, KHHra, OKHO, Ma-repH3.n, UO:llC,
cecrpa, omo, MaTepuan) KOpOOll:a,06tn,nonxa, ~a)
PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. This is my briefcase. This is my briefcase.

3m Moil OOpTcPCnb. :no Moii UOpT~.
_ _ _ (KHHra). ~ro MOll KHHra.
_ _ _ (UHCbMO). 3To Moe nHCbMo.
_(TBoe) _ 3TO TBoe IIHCbMO.
___ (TO"'.....). 3TO TBoJi TeTpa.nb.
____ (KapaHqam). 3T0 TBOM Upa.JJ.t{3.w.
_(BiuJ) _ :no saw xapatt.Jt!w.
___ (no'ITa). 3To sawa nO'ITa.
___ (o6W;elKHTHe). 3To sawe 06w;a:JITHe.
2. This is our dormitory. This is our dormitory.

3To HaWe 06me:lKHTHe. 3TO mime 06mnl.:HTHe.
_ _ _ (no.n). 3ro Hawa oW....:a.
_ _ _ (nO"apoK). 3To HaW DO.n.aPOIl:
_(M6H) _ 3TO MOM no.aapox.
_ _ _ (=rpa). 3To Moli c:ec'I"p3.
_ _ _ (omo). 3To Mot: omo.
_(TBoe) _ _. 3T0 TBOO omo.
_ _ _ (Il:Op06Ka). 3TO TBoli ll:op66Il:a.
_ _ _ (Ma-repHin). 3TO TBOH Ma-repH3.n.
_(Bilw) _ 3T0 Bam MarepHan.
_ _ _ (llII:ona). :no aawa wJ(Ona.
_ _ _ (06mez me). 3To aawe 06ma:K'THe.
_ (HaWe) _ 3-ro Hawe 06mexHTHe.
_ _ _ (nHwa). 3To HaWa mhua.
_ _ _ (CTO.). 3-10 lIam CTOJI.
100 LESSON 6
3. Here's our chancellor.
T: BOT miw (>CHOp. BOT name "liChMO.
S: BO'r lIliw peKTOp. _(Moe) _
T: (o6ute:JIOITHe). _ _ _ (nep6).
S: BOT nawe 06ntexainfe. _ _ _ (nopTcPe Jlh).
_(BaWe) _ _ (TBOU) _
BOT BaWe 06We:lKHTlIe. _ _ _ _ (m:lChMO).
_ _ _ (aBT66yc). _ _ _ (KHHra).
_ _ _ (yp6.). _ _ _ (KapaHJlaw).
_ _ _ _ (JleKu,HlJ). _ _ _ (nnaTbe).
DISCUSSION
There are two types of possessive modifiers in Russian:
1. Those that do not change their form to agree with the word they accompany.
en) his, its

ee her, hers, its
Hx their, theirs
Note that era is pronounced (jivo].
EXAMPLES e.6 nopTcPeJIb ero ceCTpa e.6 nlfChMO ero l'eTpi.ulf

ee nopTcPeJIb ee ceCTpa ee "UChMO ee rerp3.lu<
HX nopT$CJrh Hx ceCT'" HX nHCbMO HX TeTp:l.J{H
2. Those with grammatical endings which change to agree in gender, number, and case with
the word tbey accompany:
MASCULINE F1!MININE NEurnR
'leu 'lbll '1hi: whose

Moil MOll Mae my, mine
TBOH TROll TBoe your, yours
H'rn HaWa Hame our, ours
Barn sHrna BaWe your, yours
Note thai l'BOH, T801i, and 1'8oe refer to n:a, while Baw, Barna, and Blime refer to BLI.
EXAMPLES
'1eil KapaH.ll:aW 'lbll cecrpa '1be ffilChMO

whose pencil whose sister whose letter
Moii KapaHA3w MaR CCCTpa Moe nHCbMO
my pencil my sister my letter
BaW Kapau,n:l.w BaWa cecrpa Barne nHcbMO

your pencil your sister your leiter
LESSON 6 101
The perfective future of the first conjugation verbs noitTo
and 83HTh
11 noH.D:Y lIa KOHu.epT. I'll go to a concert.

Tbl noii,neWb _ You'll go _
On noH.1.leT _ He'll go _
MbI nO~eM'---_ _ We'lIgo _
Bbl nOH,neTe _ You'll go _
Omt noHJJ.Yr _ They'll go
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the model after your instructor (or the tape) until you can reproduce all the forms accurately.
Note that the endings are exactly like the present tense endings of the imperfective verb IIJl.nI, but
that the meaning is future.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. fm going to go to a dinner. 2. rll go to the library tomorrow.

T: >t nOHlIY 1:13 06eA. T: >t now B 6H6J1HOTeKy 3asTpa.
s: jl DOHJJ;y US 06C.a. s: Jt now B 6M6mloTelCy 38BTpa.
TO (OUH) _ " (6u), _
s: Qmi noWT U8 ooeJl.. s: On noii.nh B 6H6nHon~KY Janpa.
(0113., Tbl, Bhl, Mbl, Cawa, (MbJ:, 6pAT, ccc-rpa, Thl Bbl, OHlt,
t
Komi H r<i:JuI, Ii) 6ph If ceCTpa, li)
Fm going to the dormilOry.

FlI go to the dormitory. T: TLT MeWh a 06me:lKHnle.
T: .sf HaY B 06me:lKHTHe. s: Tw DOH,aelUb B 06rn.eDnle.
s: B DOiiI.tY 8 06we)Kme. (MW, HHKonaH, r3JUI, OHH, BbT, OH)
QUESTION~ANSWER DRILL
Are you going (0 the club today? T: OHH HJJYr B KJI)'6 cero,llTUl?
No, FlI go there tomorrow. s: Hh, OuK noii.rtjT TY.n;s 3S81"pS.
T: Bw MeTe B Kny6 cer6AH.II. ? (EareHHH, -rbI, MbI, om\, ceCTpa, HHHa,
s: HeT, Ii uoiiAY Ty.n;S lSBTPS. L{apamCHH)
.s1 a03loMY TonhKO KHHrH. I'll just take books.

Tw B03bMeillb _ You'll __ take _
6H B03bMeT _ He'll __ take _
Mhr a03loMeM _ We'll __ take _
Bw B03bMeTe _ You'll ~_ take _
OHK B03hMYr _ They'll __ take _
102 LESSON 6
RBPETITION DRILL
Repeat the model after your instructor (or the tape) until you can reproduce all the forms accurately.
The pattern of endings is the same as for the present tense of M,a:nt and the perfective future of
nom. Note that since B3m is a perfective verb, the meaning of the forms is future.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. They'// take these notebooks. 2. ru take these books.

T: Om-I B03bMYr 3TH TeTp3.nH. T: .st B03bMY iTH KHHrH.
S: Omf 803bMjT 3TH nrpW. s: s1: 803b.\tY iTH KIUInr.
T: (Jt)I _ T: (0"0)1 _
s: s1: 803bMY 3TH nrpiJJ;H. s: QHi 803MteT iTH KHHnt.
(rami, Thl, Bba, Mbr, cecTpa, OlTer H (KHPH.nn, Thl, Mbi, OKM, 6ph, 6JU1, cawa
KHpiUul, Thl, li) H K6JU1, li, Bba)
CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(I)Who'// take these Mtebooks?

I wiJ/.
T: (li) KT6 B03bMer iTH Te-rpa.nH?
S: s1: B03b.""'.
T: (6H) KT6 B03bMer 3TH Te"Tp3.J:tH?
5: Oa 803bMe-r.
(OHM, Mba, BbI, Thl, cawa, HHHa, 6paT)
DISCUSSION
The perfective verb nom is the aspect pair of the imperfective verb tI)ITIi. Both nom and 83m
10 lake are first conjugation perfective verbs which take the same set of endings in their perfective
future as MJl,ni does in the present.
SINGULAR noiiJI.-y I'll go B03bM-Y I'll take

-eWb you'U go -eWb you'll take
-eT he (she)'ll go -eT he (she)'11 take
PLURAL -eM we'll go -eM we'll take

-cre you'll go -eTe you'll take
-y, they'U go -yr they'll take
For convenience, we may call such endings as these "present-future" endings. Although they
are the same for both imperfective and perfective verbs, they have different meanings, depending
on the aspect of the verb. When the verb is imperfective, the endings signalize the present tense; when
the verb is perfective, the endings signalize the future. It is important to note that the perfective
future has in it the particular limitations inherent in the perfective aspect. It describes a future action
in terms of its realization, completion, or result; thus it contrasts with the imperfective, which
focuses on either the process itself or its repetition.
LESSON 6 103
The second conjugation verh BUllen.
MODELS
H (ilia 8HlteJ1a Omo 8 rYMe. Nina saw Olya in GUM.

!lca 8HlteJ1'- _ Lev saw _
MbI B",uelHl _ We saw _
11110n;Ul 11 BIi:Jy KOJJlo B KJlY6e. Sometimes I see Kalya at the club.

_ _ _ Tbi BIIJl,.HLUb _ _ you see _ _ ~~_
_ _ _ 611 BHJ.tIlT _ _ _ _ he sees _
_ _ _ Mbi BH.nIlM _ _ _ _ we see _
_ _ _ Sbr 8HltHTe _ _ _ _ you see _
_ _ _ OlUf SWT _ _ _ _ _ they sec _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that in the first person singular, prescnt tense, replaces the final
stem consonant JJ., which occurs in all other forms.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. J oflen see Nino in lown. 2. He oflen used 10 see Nina in town.

T~ ~ 'IaCTO BH:lKY HHUy 8 roponc. T: Oil '1aCTO RH.nen HilHY B r6po.ne.
s: Jl ..aCTO aM"'y HKUy B roPOJJ.e. S: Oil "aero BK.a.eJ1 Hli:tty B rOpo,lte.
T: (M,;,) _ T: (O,;,)!- _
s:: Mw ..aCTO BMJUIM HliHy B ropo,lJ,e. s: Bw "aCTO BM./leJIlI HNHy a roPC>lle.
(HlHconau, rut lit BbI, Moli cecTpa, OIlH, rw, M6H 6ph, MhI,
(Mali ccCTp<i, Olllt,
Moil 6p3T) Hawa Y'urrenbHHu,a)
I. I rarely saw Ga/ya there. 2. We sometimes see Nina Ihere.

I rarely see Golya there. We sometimes saw Nina there.
T: J1 peAkO TiM oMen ralUO. T: Mbl IfllorAA T8.M OH.nIlM HUIIY.
s: A pCJt,KO TliM BH:.Ky ramo. s: Mhi HIIOI-"a Tli.M BJi"eJIH HUHY.
T: OH" pellKO TaM BIUteJUl rtUIlO. T: !lnKomBI HltOr.na TaM Bll"IfT Hlilly.
s:: Ollfi pCAKO nlM BKnHT ramo. S: HHK'Wlllit HUOr.na TllM BH"en HUny.
(611, Mbl, Bbl, $i, cecTpa, Tbl, ami, Mbl, $i) (li, Tbl, Bbl, omi, cecTpa, 6paT, Mhl)
QUESTIONANSWER DRILL
Do yOIl see Ihe knife?

No, I don't.
T: Tbi B"A1iWb 116*'
s: Her, lie RK-,y.
T: Rbi 8".nIlTC .16*1
s: Hh, lie BIi;l;:y.
(011", 611, ami, Tbl:, RbI)
DISCUSSION
The verb aJi.ncn. differs from tbe other second conjugation verbs already discussed (cneunin.
and rOBOpHTb) in that there is an alternation of stem consonants in the first person singular of the
104 LESSON 6
prescnt tense. In BH.a.el'l., the .a is automatically replaced by *
in thc first person singular and the
ending is -yo Compare the three patterns of second conjugation verbs:
cneuMri. to hurry rOBopm to speak BH.a.Cn. to see
PRl:'SENT ST'E.'d cnem- rOllOp- flH.a.-
cnew-y rOllOp-.o fllblc-y

-Hrnb -KWb fllia-HWb
-liT -itT -HT
-KM -liM -HM
-KTe -liTe -HTe

-aT -JiT -OT
PAST STEM cneunt- rOBopli- BHJl,e-
cltcwli-n rOflopH-n flKAC-n

-na -na -na
-no -no -no
-nH -nH -nH
Second person imperatives: familiar versus plural-polite forms

MODLS
CX<m.K. rlle ill fl'lepa 6bm? Say, where were you yesterday'!
CXIDlC.ne, r.ne Bbi B'Iepa 6butH? Say, ?
H3BIUIK. li enemY Ha aBT66yc. Excuse me, I'm hurrying to catch a bus.
H3BHHHTe. li enemy Ha aBT66yc. Excuse me. _
3axo.nH. AaBRO Te6li He BIi)len. Come in, I haven't seen you in a long time.
3axo.luiTe. AaBH6 BaC lie BH,nCJ1. Come in. _
Hapc,Kb. nO:lKanyHCTa. orypt..u:1. Please slice the cucumbers.

Hape:lKbTc. noxanyHCTa. orypu,bl. _ _ slicc _
B03bMH 3TH KHHf"'. Take these books.

B03bMHTe 3TH kmlrH. Take _
3.np3BcTByH, Oller! Hello, Oleg!

3JtP3:scTByiITe, pe6liTa! Hello, fellows!
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the plural-polite imperative is exactly like the familiar imperative
except for the addition of the unstressed suffix - Te. I
, Atlhi$ Slage the student is oot expected to fonn the imperative: rather. he should recognize those which he encounters
and either add or delete the formal-plural suffix -Tt- Thus, given the familiar imperative ..lfrii! rUld! he will Ix expecled to
know that the fonnal-plural is ",""li'Te!
L'iSON 6 lOS
J. Slice the bread! 2. Look, here comes Nina.

T: Hape:b xnoo! T: CMOTpHTe, BOT HJJ.eT HHlla.
s: Ha~I>Te XJle6! s: CMorpH, IMh _,neT HKHa.
T: JaXO.lllt, nO:lKa.nyikra! T: BOJbMlITe 3TH DuirH.
s: 3axomiTe. oo*iJJyiicra! s: BoJbMII 3TH KHIinI.
CI(IDKH, B'Iepa 6buJO co6paHHe 1 JaxotuiTe, n.eePb He 3aJ1epri..
BoJbMH TOJlbKO O,ltlfy TeT'J)3.nb! Hapaa..re XJ100 H orypu.W.
3.np<iBcTByH, neB! HJSHHKre. j cnewY oa ypOll:.
HJBHHH, BOT Moii aBT66yc! He rosopKre!
He rOBopH! OOCMOTpKTe!
nOCM<Yfl>H! nOCT}'IlaHTe B ynH.oepcHTt:T!
nOCTyn3.ii B )'lIllBePCIfTt:T! 4 HTaHTe 004PYcctc"!
4HTaii !
nOBTOpH!
He cnew"!
DISCUSSION
Imperatives call primarily for action rather than a verbal response. The most common type is
tbe second person imperative.
EXAMP,"",
nO:3..nyHCT3.3aXO,ltHTe! Come in, please!

H3BHHHTe. BOT HJ1er Moii a.oT06yc. Excuse me. Here comes my bus.
CMOTpH. BOT Mer CMHpHOS. Look, there goes Smirnov.
Hap6Kb orypu.W. Cut the cucumbers.
CK~Kre, B'Iepa 6b1no co6paHHe 1 Tell me. was there a meeting yesterday?
The familiar imperative (used in addressing Thi) differs slructuraUy from the formal4pluraJ im-
perative (used in addressing .oM) only in that tbe unstressed suffix -Te is added in the latter form.
FAMILIAR FORMAL-PLURAL
nape)l(b Hape)l(bTe cut!

CMOTpH CMoTpHTe look!
cnpocH cnpocHTe ask!
OTBeTb oTBe-rbTe answer!
nODTOpH nOBTOpHTe repeat!
1f3MellH 1f3MeltKre change!
33MeHli JaMeHHl'C substitute!
3.npaSCTByH 3D.pa8CTSyHre beUo (lit. be healthy)!
106 LESSON 6
'lTEHHE H nHCbMO
Uqj'UUlO?n~-"7?U, ~ ~ ,/
Uq;tak.:-nuI1~-'U:, e/!d ~,/- ~ --k
n-t<X!C ~ 2 ~ ~ ; ' -~, ~
~,dk~?-.. /;t'~'
-~,~~~2-0a.,
2t rJ..,w ~ ~,- ~, ~
~~~,~~/
-2J.o ~,/ ~ ~,/
LESSON 6 107
LESSON 7
ceo" nopTq,eJlh my briefcase

3a6b.rTb (prv I) to forget, leave (inadvertently)
Jt 3a6but cao" nopTlf:nb. I forgot my briefcase.
TeJle$On (TeJle<POHbI) telephone (telephones)
3BOHHTh (11)1 to ring, to phone
3BOHHT Tenetjx)H the phone is ringing.
Mawa (variant of MapHSI) Masha
Mawa, 3BOH11T TeJJe+t)a. Masba, the phone is ringing.
TeJle$6ny
It: to (or toward) the telephone
nOllOK-rH (prv I) to approach, go up to
nonoW It Tene4M>"Y! Go to the phone!
nOJl.oii.rot, OmKlistyiicra, K' Tefle~! Go answer the phone, please!
a.rtnO [a16) hello

CJljwan. {I} to listen
A1U16! $i CJJjWlUO. Hello! (Lit. Hello! I'm listening.)
nonpocHTb (prv II) to ask, request
nonpocltTe j.1BaBa HHKOn3.CBll'l3 It TeJlC$6uy! Ask Ivan Nikolaevich [to come] to the phone!
nOhpoCMTe, UmKaJl}'Hcra, Mealla Please ask Ivan Nikolaevich to come
HHKOJIIICBH'Ia K TeJlclft6ny! to the phone!
KTO rOBopuT7 Who's speaking? or Who's calling?
Ceii'tic. A KTO roBOpMT? Right away. And who's calling?
KjPO"tKHH. Kurochkin.
y Te1lee:p6Ha on the phone, on the line (lil. at the

phone)
Hello (/il. I'm on the line), Boris Mikhailovich.
ACno (.a.em\) tbing(s), matter(s)
B '1eM in what
B ..eM JJ.e.rto? What's the matter?
I The symbols (I) and (II) stand rot the rmt .nd second conjugations. Henoeforth Yab aspect will be indicated only rot
perfective ~'erbs. Thus, (I) means that the verb is imperfective and first conjugation; (pfv I) means that the verb is perfective
and first conjugation.
109
y sac at your place; you have
n" whether, if (question particle)
He 3a6WI nH J1 didn't I forgel, whelher or not I forgot
He 3a6btn nu J1 y sac COOK nopT4J6Tb? Didn't I leave my briefcase al your place?
YlH3.Th (pfv II) to find out, learn, recognize
Jt XOTe.!1 pH8T'1>o He u6bui JIM Ii y CB6H ue I wanted to find out whether or not I left my
OOJITojoem.. briefcase at your place.
MHHYnY just a minute

HHr.lle nowhere, not, .. anywhere
MIfIIjn.'"}', Hn, HHr.lle He BIVq. Just a minute. No, I don't see it anywhere.
OCT3.BHTh (pfv II) to leave
MOlEn 6brrb BY 8 yHHBeparre-re OCTliBJI1IM? Maybe you left it at the university?
uonYMan. (pfv I) to think, think a bit
0, 06, 060 (plus prepositional case) about, of, on (concerning)
06 J,TOM about that, of that
KaK 9 06 :7roM lie nOAyMan! How is it I didn't think of that!
TyAa there, to that place

BOHn!: 1)')),3 to get in (lit. to enter there)
CMO'ib (pfv I) to be able, can
Ji CMory I'll be able
Ho,; lie (:M0rY T)'Ai 80m. But I won't be able to get in.
.naepH (pI of .n:aePb) doors, door, doorway

,lI.aepil Y*i :uinepn.l, The doon; are already locked.
y66puuma (y66puv",,,,) cleaning woman (cleaning women)
A y66pWHQa? How about the cleaning woman 1
on:pbrrb (pfv I) to OpeD
MO'Ib (I) to be able, can
aHa MOxer she can
A }WpuuIII3.? Otui MO.eT OTIq)bm., How about the cleaning woman? She can
open [the doors).
1U1K>'1 (KJUO'lH) key(s)
Y Hee ecrb [uQij6 je~U she has
Y nee ecn. KnJ01(H. She has the keys.
o HeH about her
KOHe1(HO. jf 0 HeR 3a6w. Of course. I forgot about her.
COBceM completely, altogether
Kone'lHo. Jt 0 neii OOBc:eM 386bvt. Of course. I forgot all about her.
SUPPLEMENT
saXTep (saXTepbl) custodian(s) (compare Fr. concierge)

r.ne saxrep? 6u MO.CT OTXpbrTh .asepH. Where's the custodian? He can open the
door[sJ.
(3BOHKH)
3BOH6" bell(s), doorbell(s)
4TO :ho, 3BOHOl(1 What's that, the bell?
n03BOHlfTb (pfv II) 10 phone, call on the phone
Oua n03BOu:H.na .nOMa". She telephoned home.
no LESSON 7
H 3a6b'JI caou nopTll>eJIL
M.H. - Hean HHKomleBH'I (npo4)eccop OpnOB)

M.H. - MapH.lI HsaHOBH3 0PJl083 (Mama, ero )Kena)
IJ.M. - Sopite MHxaH.nOBH'f (npo4leccop Kypo'lKHB)
11. H. Marna, rna!:> j

3BOHHT Tene$6H! zvaQit \iliron !
nOJIOHtlH, nO:JKanyHCT3. podaj~i pazal,s', j
M.I1. 2 AJIJlo! al6 T

..st C.njW3JO! I ja shibju!
6. M. J nonpocH"re, nO)l(MyuCT3. p~pra~i\i paza!:;lst:;l I

I1BaH3 HHKOnaeBH<fa K TeneqxJHy. ivan:;l QikalijiC-:l kVlif6nu 1
M. 11. 4 CeH'fac. jiM' j
A KTO r08op,h? a kt6 g~varit !
6. M. 5 KypO'lKHH. kiiroC~in j
H. H. 6..st Y TeJle$oHa, ja u\ilif6n:J I
60pHC MHdHnOBHlf. baps rpixa.liC !
B ..eM .acno? ffern ~el, j
6. M. 7..st XOTe.n: y:maTb, ja xatel uzm'it I
He 3a6bUl JIM Ii Y BaC Qizabilli ja uvas I
cacH nopTepMb. 2 svoj part[el j
11. H. 8 MHHyTKy. rpiniilku!
Her, Qetj
MUr.ae He BHJKy. J Qig~e Qiyifll j
MOiKeT 6b1Tb, moi(id)bi\ I
ObI B yHHBepcHTCTe OCTaBHlUt. vi vUQiyir~i\e\i astayilil
Ii. M. 9 KilK Ii 06 3TOM He no.nyMa.n! kak ja abet~m Qipadum-:>I!

Ho Ii He eMory TyJ13 BOHTit:. no ja Qismagu tuda vaW i
)lBepH Y)l(e 3anepTbl." dyeri uze zagirti 1
H. H. 10 A y66pIUHua? a ub6r~6~ 1
QHa MO:lKeT OTKpblTb, ana m6zit atkrit!
y nee ecrb KJlJO'IH. llQijo jell klllCi j .
S.M. 11 KOHe'tHo! kaQesn, j
..st 0 8eii cosceM 336w. ja aQej safjim ubil j
NOTES I Russians answer the telephone in various ways, corresponding to our heJJo:
..sf y TeJteqx>Ha.
Ann6! or A..nn6, Ii cnywaJO.
Ita? or )].a. A cnywafO.
[..sf] cnywalO.
Despite its spelling, a!L'IO is pronounced with a single n, usually soft: [alo].
LESSON 7 111
2 The possessive modifier CBOH is equivalent to MOM in this sentence. CBoii
means one's own and can refer to any person. It is not used to modify the subject
of a sentence, but refers back to 'he subject for its meaning:
R 3a6bu1 csOM nopT<Pe.nb. I forgot my briefcase.
Tbl 33.6brn CB6ii nopTl6tb. You forgot your briefcase.
Omi 33.6brna cBbii nopTlC.nb. She forgot her briefcase.
l Note that IIHf"Jle nowhere is used in a double negative construction in Russian.
This is true of all such negative constructions: mo..'"Ormi, HMt4erO, HMKYJla, and so
forth.
R er6 H....Jle He BlfJKy. I don't see it (or him) anywhere.
DbI HNKorJla He rOBoplhe no-pycckll. You never speak Russian.
R HM<ferO 06 nOM He 3H31O. I don't know anything about it.
R HMKyJUi, He HD.Y. I'm not going anywhere.
.. Russians often use the plural form ABepn to mean a single door as well as
more than one door. In the meaning doorway, the plural is used:
6H CTOlUl 8 ABeplix. He stood in the doorway.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATJON CrylleHTLI nHcaJIH 0 napOll3X CCCP
HapO.Qb.ICCCP the peoples of the U.S.S.R.

o lIapO.Qax CCCP about the peoples of the U.S.S.R.
nHeaTh (I) 10 write
CTy.QCHTbI OHcinH 0 Hap6.nax CCCP. The students wrote about the peoples of
the U.S.S.R.
pe3ynbT3T (pe3ynbT3Tb.I) result(s)
HellJlOXOH not half bad, pretty good
HennoxHe pe3YJlbT3Tbi pretty good results
nO-MoeMy in my opinion, I think
no-MocMy, pelYJl.bTsn.r IICIIJIOXHC. In my opinion the results are pretty good.
Dbl 0 'leM ;ho? (full form Dbi 0 'leM 31'0 What's that you're talking about?
r080pHTC?)
3K3a.MCII (3K3a.Mellhl) examinatioo(s)
DbI 0 ..tiM iTo? 06 3K3aMeuax? What are you talking about? The examina-
tions?
paOOTa (paOOTbl) work(s), paper(s) (written)
a pa66T3x C1)'llCItT08 about the students' papers
HiT, 0 paOOTaX CTyAewrOB. No, about the students' papers.
OttM mtd.'," 0 HapOAax CCCP. They wrote about tbe peoples of the U.S.S.R.
S6T k3.K! really! you don't say! is that so!
r.Qc HX pa66Tb.I? Where are their papers?
BOT K8K! rJJ.i HX paooTl.r? Is that so! Where are their papers?
112 LESSON 7
cTyn (CT)'nblt) chair(s)
3.u6clo here
BOT 3J1.Ccb, na crYlJe. Right here on the chair.
ara [aha] aha! ahhh!
Ani. B.o..y! Aha, I see!
"KYr ("KYrbl) Yakut(s)
nOT (m), 31<1 (t) . .h o (n) this, that
3Ta pa66ra 0 ltKYrax. This paper is on the Yakuts.
ylCpaHHCu. (YJCPUHHlI,bJ) Ukrainian(s)
3TH paOOTbl these papers
3TH paOOTbf 06 ylCpaHHU,3X. These papers are on the Ukrainians.
:ha pa60Ta 0 tu..-jTax, int 06 YKPaKuuax. This paper is on the Yakuts, and these are on
the Ukrainians.
HanHc3Tb (prv I) to write
A 0 ..eM HaoHCan KOl.lJ()8? And what did Kozlov write about'!
rpy3HH (rpy3HHbI) Georgian(s)
K03J108 HanHcln 0 rpY3HHax. Kozlov wrote about the Georgians.
oTJUi'lHO excellently
o rpY3Huax. 11 OT1IM"IHO HanHci.'1. About the Georgians. And he wrote
excellently.
MOJlO,lleu. (MOJlO,llu.bl) one who does an outstanding job
Ou MOJlOAtU! He's terrific!
Pli.a. 3TO cnw.uan! Glad to hear it.
D,oD6J1eH, ,lIODOJlbHa, -0, -bl pleased, satisfied
npo<j>Cccop (nP"'l><=opa) professor(s)
Bee npo<J>eccopa ,lJ,OBOJlbHbl. All the professors are pleased.
HM hy him, with him
Bee npo$eccopa HM .n080JlbHbl. All the professors are pleased with him.
Bc:e uaUIM npo~C'Opa lOt .nOBO.rlbHLI. All our professors are pleased with him.
pyCCKMC the Russians

o PycclOtx on the Russians, about the Russians
A DOT pa66n 0 PYCCKJlX. And here's a paper on the Russians.
neTpoaa Miss Petrov

:ho neTp08a lIaOKCana, Miss Petrov wrote that.
MH6ro much, a lot, a good deal
o HCH about her
)l,li? J1 0 oeM y....e MIIOro CJlbouaJI. Yes" I've already heard a good dcal about her.
Jly'lUJHe CTyttefITbi the best students

aHa 1-1 K03J168 - JlY'!UJHe CTy,lJ,eUTbI. She and KozlOv are the best students.
$ucYJlbTCT (lakYJlbTtn.r) department(s)
lIa $aKYJlbTere in the department
Ha 3TOM laIC)'JlbTere in this department
OHa H K03Jt08 - lIy'flllHe CT)'~ ua She and Kozlov are the best students
:iTOM tllKyJlbTbe. in this department.
USSON 7 113
SUPPLEMENT
CO'lHJlCIUlC composition
M bt IUlc8.Jm CO'lHHCUHC. We were writing a composition.
y'lHTenb (Y'IHTCmi) teacher(s) (below university level)
OJ!saw Y'lI.tTCJlb? ]s he your teacher?
Y'IHTe.nbJlHUa (y'lHTCJIhHHU,bl) female teacher(s) (below university level)
QHa saws y'lltTeJ1bHHua? Is she your teacher?
rpynna (rpynnbl) group(s), section(s)
8 rpynne in the group, in the section
QHIt Jly'lwHe eryLleHTbI 8 now They're the best students in this group.
rpYnne.
11. H. - HeAH HHkonae8H'I

E. M. - SOpltC MHX3.AnOBH'I
Ii. M. n O-MOeMy, pamojimu I

Pe:JynbTaTbI HennoxHe. pzultati Qipla"iji.l
11. H. 2 Bbi 0 'IeM 3TO? vi acorn el:l !
06 3K3aMeHax? abigz3q:tin~x !
6. M. 3 HtT, Qel I
o pa60nx crYJIeHToB. araool;lx slUQent;lr!
OHit mfC3.nH aQi gisali
o HapOJIaX CCCP. I anar6d;lx eseseser !
11. H. 4 BOT K3K! 'lot Uk 1
rJIe HX pa6oTw? g4e IX raboti !
6. M. 5 BOT 3AeCb, v6d z4el!
113 cTYne. nastuli'l
11. H. 6 Ani, aha I
BH)I(y. yitu I
3Ta pa60n 0 }fKYT3X, et;l rab6ta ajikut~x I
3TH 06 YKpaHllu3x. eti abukrain~x !
A 0 'leM H3nHC3.n K03J10B? a acorn n;lgisal kazlOf i
E. M. 7 0 rpy3Hu3x. agru~in;lx 1
11 OTllH'IHO H3nHcAn! i 3 tlicna n;lgisall
6H MOllOAeU!2 6n m;llaQec 1
11. H. 8 Pan. 3TO CJlblW3Tb. rat eta sli~t 1
Ka:lKeTCR, kazit~ I
Bee HaWH npotpeccopa r~e nMi pr;l(isara
HM AOBOllbHbl.) im dav6lni!
114 LESSON 7
Ii. M. 9 A BOT pa60Ta 0 pyCCKHX. a vot rabot~ arils~ix !
:)TO ne-rpOBa HanHcana. 4 et~ Ritr6v~ n~Risal~ !
H. H. 10 }:\a? dar
.st 0 HeH )lJKe MHoro CJlI~wa..n:. ja aQej uze mn6g~ sli~l!
OHa H K0311oe- ana i kazlOf t
l1y'lwHe cry.neHTbI JUdiji stucJenti I
Ha :hOM 4>aKyl1bTCTe.! naet~m f~kulte\i !
NOTES 1In the abbreviation CCCP U.S.S.R., the letters stand for COIOJ COOCTCKHX
COUH3JlHCTlf'leCKHX Pecny6muc Union of Soviel Socialisl Republics. Unlike rYM,
CCCP is not declined:
Compare. rYMe in GUM with B CCCP in lhe U.S.S.R.
1 The noun MOno. is a term of praise that can be applied to anyone who does
a good job or comes through suce::essfuUy. It is onen used when we would say:
nice going! fine! good boy! good girl! i.e., as an exclamation of approval.
1 npo+etrop is grammatically masculine, but may refer to a woman as well
as a man:
Qna HaW npo<peccop. She's our professor.
Compare it with the masculine noun yooiTe.m., which has a corresponding feminine
equivalent rnrrenhUHQ&. Note, however, that the masculine plural )"tHTerui can
refer to a mixed group of teachers, but that the feminine plural rnrreJlbUMUbI refers
only to women teachers.
.. nnp6u is the feminine form of neTp6B and may mean Miss or Mrs.
Petrov, depending upon the context. It is not considered impolite to refer to a
man or woman simply by using the last name; for example, BOT lIlIeT u.api..aK1Dla
means Here comes Miss (or Mrs.) Tsarapkin. In addressing the person, however,
either the first name and patronymic or the nickname is usual. rOCOOrofH and
rocoo~i are used by Russians only when referring to foreigners or by emigre
Russians.
J lJ)sKynbTu does nol meanfacully in the American sense, but corresponds to
the branches of the university we call schools, divisi01Lf, or departments. For
example, +HJIOJlont'lecKHi +8KynbTeT (4JHnrflAx for short) means departmenl of
languages and Iileratures, and Me,!I,JIUHItCKMii 4!8Ky.'IbTU school of medicine.
~N7 ItS
1. rae orypUbJ? Where are the cucumbers?
____ their papers?
_ HX paOOTbI?
, , ___ the keys?
_ KJJfO'Ui.
,
_ _ 8HJlkH.
, ____ tbe forks?
____ the spoons?
__ n6)KXH?
_
,
KHHrH.
, ___ the books?
_TeTJlWt? ____ the notebooks?
2. r.ne cryAeHTbf?
,
_ _ Y'fHTeJ1bHHl(bl
, Where are the students?
_ _ _ _ the women teachers?
__ Y'!Httml" . _ _ _ _ the teachers?
_ npo<J>e<:copa? _ _ _ _ the professors?
3. 8M XIUO'IH. Here are the keys.

_ TeTpA.a.H. _ _ _ the Dotebooks.
_lOtHrH. _ _ _ tbe books.
_ _ BH.nI:H. _ _ _ the forks.
_nbC.IH. _ _ _ the spoons.
_ orypubi:. _ _ _ the cucumbers.
_ H:x pa66Tb1. _ _ _ their papers.
4. rlle nHcbMa? Where are the letters?

- B6T 3.1lecb, HB CIjne. Here on the chair.
_ _ _ _ _ _ H3 oKHe. _ _ on tbe window sill.
_ _ _ _ _ HB CTOne. __ on the desk (or table).
_ _ _ _ _ 113 n6nKC. __ on the shelf.
5. rAe "HCbMa? Where are the letters?

- 86T 3ltecb, B lI111HKC. Here in the drawer.
_ _ _ _ _ B nopT<l>6Je. __ in the briefcase.
_ _ _ _ _ _ B KHHre. _ _ in the book.
_ _ _ _ _ B TeTp3JJ.H. _ _ in the notebook.
_ _ _ _ _ B Kop66KC. __ in the box.
6. .st 0 Hei{ MII6ro CJII.dwaJ). I've heard a lot about her.

_HCM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ him.
_ H"X _ _ them.
_,.;c _ _ ynu,
7. 0 X6M Thl r080p"Wb? Whom are you talking about?

- 0 BaXTepe. About the custodian.
- 0 KHp".IU1e. About Kirill.
- 0 L(apanxHHe. About Tsarapkin.
- 0 H"He. About Nina.
- 0 K6ne. AboUl Kolya.
- 0 rane. About Galya.
- 0 came. About Sasha.
116 LESSON 7
8. 0 KOM omi rOBopliT? Whom are they talking about?
- 0 np<><jJCccope. About the professor.
- 06 I1Balle. About Ivan.
- 06 y66pwHlle. About the cleaning lady.
- 06 Y'lMTeJle. About the teacher.
-06 One. About Olya.
- 06 aMepmC3.HlCe. About the American (woman].
- 06 aMepHIC3.HUe. About the American (man).
9. 08 rOBOpKn
0 EBt-eIIHH. He was talking
about Evgeny.
____ 0 MapiDt. _____ about Maria.
_ _ _ _ O,..,."a.nH. ______ about the notebook.
_ _ _ _ 0 na60paTopHH. _____ about the laboratory.
_ _ _ _ 0 C06p<ilUlH. _~ about the meeting.
_ _ _ _ _ 0 CO'lHHeHIIH. _ _ _ _ _ _ about the composition.
____ 0 ,asepH. _ _ _ _ _ about the door.
____ 0 JlCICUHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ about the lecture.
_ _ _ _ 06 06meIHnrn. _ _ _ _ _ about the dormitory.
_ _ _ _ 06 OceHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ about autumn.
_ _ _ _ 06 o'lepe.Q.H. _ _ _ _ _ about the line.
10. 0 'leM Bbi rOBOpHTe? What are you talking about?

- 0 ""l'6e. About the club.
- 0 JaBo.ne. About the plant.
- 0 6opme. About the borsch.
- 0 lCoHuepre. About the concert.
- 0 nopT<t>ene. About the briefcase.
- 0 rnK3.4>e. About the cupboard.
- 0 'lae. About tea.
- 0 cene.nlCe. About herring.
II. 0 'leM Thl rOBOp"lllb? What are you talking about?

- 0 wKone. About school.
- 0 I1HCbMe. About a letter.
- 0 MOnOKe. About the milk.
- 06 Y1UfsepcHTcre. About the university.
- 06 3K3aMelle. About the exam.
- 06 aSTo6yce. About the bus.
-0606C.nc. About dinner.
- 06 oKue. About the window.
12.0 '{eM nHcl.nH CTYAeHTbI? What did the students write about?
- OH" mtcl.nH 0 Hap6.nax CCCP. They wrote about the peoples of the U.S.S.R.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 0 RKYralC. _____ about the Yakuts.
______ 0 rpY3HHax. _ _ _ _ about the Georgians.
______ 06 YKpaHHUllX. _ _ _ _ about the Ukrainians.
______ 06 aMepltXamvu. _____ about the Americans.
______ 06 aMepm::amax. _____ about American women.
LESSON 7 117
Pronunciation practice: hard versus soft consonants
A. [PI vs. [ul Usual Cyrillic spelling 0; also 11I>, 6, or 6...
Note the pronunciation of hard [P) in the following:
[nap6etu] 113 nO'iTy to the post office

[palll3S13 J no:lKanyiiCTa please
and compare it with soft [g):
[SRi~iti] cnCWHTe you're hurrying

lJlC",ij] nepObl" first
These are labial consonants, fonned (Like the English p) by completely closing the lips. Soft m]
has the effect of a y-Iike glide following it.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating bard (PI and
soft rnl.
imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Be
sure to avoid the puff of breath that often accompanies the English p. Note
that before [il, a w-Iike off-glide is often heard after hard [PJ.
B. [h) vs. Ill] Usual Cyrillic spelling 6; also 61>, n. or Db.
Note the pronunciation of hard [b] in the following:
[h,6ji\l 6p6cHTb to drop

[aft6bus] aBT66yc bus
[spa~ib;)] cnacu60 thank you
and compare it with sofi ~ J:
[:>alitt) Ha o6e.n for dinner

[ndu~iJ B kJlY6e at the club
[.asIUf~il Ha c.njx6e at work
Russian [b], like the corresponding English sound, is made by completely closing the lips. The
soft [tIJ will
usually have the effect of a ylike glide following it.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [h] and
soft [9], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note
that before (il, a wlike ofTglide is oflen heard after bard (b].
118 LESSON 7
c. ImJ ". ['1'J Usual Cyrillic spelling M; sometimes Mh.
Note the pronunciation of hard [m] in the following;
[pmn) 3HMY winter

[m6j] MM my
IR;jm6) UJiCbM6 letter
aDd compare it with soft lip):
[jUp6n) SemyaD
[qUI.) Mila
Russian 1m], like Russian [b] and {P] and the corresponding sounds in English, is made with a
complete closure of the lips. The sort {Ip] usually bas the effect of a ylike glide following it.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard 1m] and
soft [rp], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note
that before Ii], a wlike ofT-glide is often heard after hard [m).
Intonation practice: part I-questions without question words

Questions with a rising contour. This contour is characteristic of questions without question
words; these sentences usually present an alternative which can be answered "yes" or "no." In
such questions the final word carries the major stress. The pitch begins at about level 2 and rises to a
peak on the major stress. It is either sustained or, in unstressed final syllables, it may drop.
Practice the following drills, imitating the tape: or the instructor.
4
3
2
I
/ 4
3
2
I
--
Oil ryT? Bbl cncWlhe Ha yp6K?
PbJ.6w neT? 66pUl)"KC rOT6s?
:$co TbJ.? ABT66yc)"Kc HJJ.eT?
l.ItlA CCTb? Oryp.LU:d )"Ke Ha CTone?
4 4
3 3
2 2
I I
06e.a. rOT6B? TaM co6p3Hlte?
A Bb! AOM6H? OH B ropcoeeTe?
Xonrre nOHTH? Cron68Wl oncpblTa?
Oncr 3Jl0p68? Ew.e ue n63JlHo?
:no HHTepeenO?
L.ESSON 7 119
4 4
3 3
2
I
-- 2
1
--
ObI yxe It,ltere? Tbl 06 nOM f10AYMan?
0mi pa66Tacrr 8 WKOJlC? Bbi }"IKe noo6e.llaJHI ?
AsePH cme ue J3nCpTbI? Qui! rOBoplh' 06 3I<)aMCllax?
31'0 TYr B Kop66KC? 3TO pa66ThI CTYAenT08?
a,;, HJl.ere us nb'ny? Tbi er6 3HaeWb?
Pronounce the following questions as statements.
4 4
3 3
2 2 --~
I I
On IUl,CT? On
3TO 'taii ? 3<0
DlUi -ryT? DIID
OrYPt.t.b1 H8 CTom:? OrYPubl tla CTom~ .
Pronounce the following statements as questions.
4 4
3 3
2
1
2
1
--
On It,ltCT llOMO". 68 HJl.CT llOMOU?
P:bl6hl ooJlbwe HCT_ Pbl6bJ OOJJl>UJe Her?
ABTo6yc H,lteT. ABT66yc )')ICe H,llCT?
B<[cpa 66pLU. 8'lCpa 6hrn 66pUl?
06e,n rOToD. 06en }')Ke rOTOO?
The Dominative plural of DOunS

MOD""
KaK lIena? How are tllings?

Y HaC CcTh orypllW. We have clIcwnbers.
Ty-r TonbKO BMJIKK H 110-......."". Here are only forks and spoons.
rlle ee TeTpaJUI II Killinl? Where are her notebooks and books?
120 LESSON 7
):{sepn Y)I(e 3anepThi. The doors are already locked.
Y lIero eCTu K'JUO<iJi. He has key.~.
Pe3ym.TltTbl l:leWlOxHc. The results aren't bad.
r~e I1X pa6on.J? Where are their papers?
o 'leM OHearUl cTy~eIlT"'? What did the sludems write about?
r~e Y<iHTeJltl? Where are the teachers?
Bee npolj)eccopa 11M AOBOJ1bHbJ. All the professors are pleased with him.
Bee 3~aHHJI 6blJ11f 33nepThI. All tbe buildings were locked.
NOMINATIVE PLURAL: TABLE OF BASIC NOUN ENDINGS
jKClla-ciass nouns and oK'HO-ciass nouns and

~epL-ciass nouns
most cTO.rI-ciass nouns some CTtl)J-c!ass nouns
HARD STEMS -w -"

SOFT STEMS ~ ~ ~
Notes
I. The ending -H occurs instead of ---bl in the hard stem nOJl- and *eHa-ciass nouns whose final
consonant is *, 01, 14'. r, or x: 1100h.-H, K'apaJIAalUH, aMCpHK'3.IIKH, KUHnt, JlO:llOCH.
2. Some eToJl-ciass nouns take the nominative plural ending -a or -H, which is practically always
stressed: npolj)eccopa, yU....eJIH, ropoAa.
3. Many nouns have a different place of stress in the plural than they have in the singular.
Compare *CH8 with *elll>l, oteHO with otcns, UHCLMO with mtCLMa, f"opo)J, with ropoA8, and cecrpa
with cccrp....
4. Some cToJl-class nouns have an inserted vowel in the nominative singular which does not
appear elsewhere in the declension. Compare the singular AellL with the plural AUH, 3BOuOIC with
3BOfiKIi, and IJOLtapoK with 1I0Ltap1CH. Most nouns ending in -eLt in the nominative singular have this
feature. Compare aMepHICauen with sMepHICtUlI(LI. YK'PaHHClI with yK'paHnl...., and Of"ypeQ with OI)'pQY.
5. A few CTOJI- and O~1l6-class nouns have their stems soften<.'O and expanded in the plural by
the addition of [j]. The nominative plural of such nouns is written with -I. plus II (-MI). Compare
nepci with nepbll, 6paT with 6paTbH. and cryJl with CTyJlLH. In the plural of My*, the soft sign is
written but the * is not pronounced soft: My:lKbH [muijaJ.
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Nominative singular to nominative plural.
I. Where was tlte bus? 2. There was a book on the shelf

Where were the buses? There were books on the shelf
T: rAe 6blJ1 aOTo6yc? T: Ha nome 6blna KHMra.
S: rAe 6bmH SBTOOyC"'? s: Hs uOJlKe 6bmH KHHnt.
T: rile 6b1Jl3 UlXOJ1a? T: Ha nonxe 6bui silll,HX.
s: r AC 6btJlH UIKOm.t? s: Ha n6JIKe 6WIH RutHICH.
(3aRoD, CTOJl, MaTep"aJI. TeJle~IOI:l, (xopo6xa. TeTP3ilb, oHJIxa.
YIiIfOCPCHTeT, KOllllep1'. 3K3aMen. pa6oTa, nopTJCJlb, JUliO'!)
rpyllna)
LES&ON 7 III
3. Where's the key? 4. OrlQV was here.
Where are rhe keys? The OrIQv!>' were here.
T: Cae iUttO'f? T: OpJ16a 6blJ1 3.nCcb.
s: fJIe KJltO'fJ1? s: Opn08b1 6iJ:JIH :mecL,
T: f.ne KJUO'fli 1 T: KYpO'fKHH 6bln 3ltCct..
s: fAi nOjltKH? s: KYpooIKHULI 6LiJJ. l.nOCL,
(JlBepb. nOJllca, p}"fKa, nopnfx:.m.. (UapanKHH. aMepHKanKa, XHTJ)6B,
O'fcpeJlb) y6opU!Hua, CTYJIeHT. CTy.neUTKa,
}"IHTeJ1bHH ua)
MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Nominative plural to nominative singular and vice versa.

I. The windows are there. 2. The knives were in the drawer.
The windbw is there. The knife was in Ihe drawer.
T: 61ma riM. T: HO:lKH 6b1JlH 8 lillUt&"e.
s: OkKO riM. s: H~ 6WJJ *wKKe.
T: OKHO TAM. T: Kapa.u.nArn 6b1Jl 8 lillUt&"e.
S: OKHa riM, s: KapaHJl.llllDi 6WJJ liuvuce.
(roPOJI3, ropo.n, npo4>eccop, (HO::, lCapall.nawH, HO::H. Jtapaa.nam)
npo<j>eccopA)
MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Nominative singular to nominative plural and vice versa.

Where was the be//?
Where were Ihe bells?
T: f.ne 6b1Jl380u6x?
s: f.a.e 6baJJH 38OHK1l?
T: f.ne 6blnH yKpaHHUbl?
s: f.ne 6Lan yKpUHeq?
(orypeu, 3801lKH, aMepHKaHeu, YKpaHHel.{,
orypUbl, no.uapoK)
I. The chairs are here. 2. Where's Ihe chqir?

The chair is here. Where are Ihe chairs?
T: crynbJl 3.necb. T: rM CTyn?
s: CrYJI 3Jtea.. s: fJle C"rYJlLfI?
T: SpAT 3JlCcb. T: fJle 6paTbR?
s: 6paTLII 3,1lb. s: f,lle 6piT?
(nePbJl, M}')kb.li, 6p3TbJl, M}0K, ncpO, crYlI) (M)'JIC, nepbR, CTyllbJl, 6paT, M)'JKbJl}
In LESSON 7
I. The students have already found out about it. 2. The student a/ready found out about it.
The student has a/ready found out about it. The students a/ready found out about it.
T: CTy.u.euTbI yce y:JH3..rut 06 jTOM. T: CTy,l.l,etlT 'j)I(e )'3HM 06 jTOM.
S: CTylliHT ~e pfUU. 06 :STOM. S: CTyll,e.rn.. p..-e YlHW 06 :iTOM.
T: Y66pUJ;HJ.tLI yce )'3HanK 06 :ITOM. T: )Kel:la 'j)I(e y:JHana 06 jTOM.
s: Y66puuma Y*i y3fuiJIa 06 jTOM. s: )l{em.. r-e y.nui.mI 06 :hOM.
(y-LHTeJlbHHI..lhI, :a::eubI, My;KbJl:, 6pa.TMI, (My*, 6paT, cecTp3., )"uiTenb, yOOpUOfua,
cecrpbl, }"IJf'TeJlJi, n~pa, ~1epH npo<peccop, )'J:paHHeu, aMepHx:ama)
dHDI, aMepmr.:aHUhI)
3. You don't know where the knife is, do you?

You don't know where the knives are, do you?
T: TbI: He 3uaeUlh, rAe HO)l(?
S: Tw He 3tltieun.. r.ne HOD?
T: Thl lie 3UaelUb, rAe upaH,nallJ?
S: TY He 3Haeun., r.ne Kapa1uuumf?
(nopl'<PeJlb, KHHra, KJItO'l., TeTpa.ub, SHJlKa,
nJlaTbe, CO'l.HHeHHe, nOll,apok, CT)'n)
I. Was Professor Or/ov there? 2. He's a student, but who are they?
All the professors were there. They're students too.
T: nporpeeeop Opnos 6bul T3.M? T: 6H CTy,ll6rr, a no OHM:?
s: Bee npo+eccopi 6w.m. riM. S: Omi T6.e cry,l.l,etrrw,
T: CTyAeHT K03JIos 6bul TAM? T: Qlla )"IHTc.nbHH1t3, a no OHti?
s: Bee cry,l.l,e.m.. 6t.in.H TiM. s: Omi TOOKe y'IIiTe.ru.HIII1W.
CTyAellTXa nerp6Ba 6blJ1a. Tfw? 6H n~p, a no OuM?
Haw rp)'3HH 6bul T{w? QHa y66plJ.lHlt3, a no ami?
Haw YKPaHueu 6WJl TAM? 6H Y'!M:TeJlb, a no anti?
HawSlKjT6bulT3.M? On )'kpaM:ueu, a no OIill?
Ha.wa rpYnna 6b1JJa. TaM? OH rpy:JtiH, a no omi?
Baw ynhenb 6bui TflM? OH S1kYt", a lITO ami?
QHa aMepmr.:{mxa, a no OHlt?
OH aMepHxaucLI, a KTO Oil"?
MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMEiNT DRILLS
I. You don't know where the pens are, do you? 2. Is there a chair there?
You don't know where the pen is, do you? Are there any chairs there?
T: Tw He 3HaeWb, rAe py'fXH? T: TaM ecn. C'ljIl?
S: Tw He mtieun.., r.ne p:f'uc:a? S: TAM ecr.. crjm..?
T: Tw He 3UaelUh, rAe nnaThSl? T: TiM ecn. nep6?
s: Tw He 3H8.eun., r.c.,e wuin.e? s: Ta.'\4 ecn.. uepu?
(CO'l.HHeHHJI., co6paHlUI, CTyJlhSl, Y'!HTCJlj(, (xop66x:a, wdiP, 01010, orypeu, I10)l(xa,
lUxaiPbI, nepbSl, TeTp3JlH) Jl:WHJ:)
LESSON 7 123
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
NOUNS: TABLE OF NOMINATIVE PLURAL ENDINGS
cniJI-dass Oh....o-class *etuidass Juu~p..-dass
- ... or ..... - ... or-N only -lit

(in most instances)
-8 or-li -8 or-II
(in some instances)
I. All JJ,Ilep..-class nouns spell their nominative plural ending with -N (usually unstressed), which
replaces -I> of the nominative singular: .IlBiPb, AUptI; OotepeJJ.b, o..epeJJ."; nT'pliJu., TeTpW.
2. Most oKH6-class nouns spell their nominative plural ending with -a (replacing nominative
singular -0) or -II (replacing nominative singular -e or ~): OKR6, OK'fUl; Aeno, Aemii; co6plimte,
co6pliJuul: Min.e, Man.JI.
3. Some aMclass nouns spell their nominative plural ending with -a or -II, which is almost
always stressed: npo+ettop, npo+eccopa; ropoA, ropoJJ.a; rnrreJU., Y'fHTe.ruI; Kpaii, KpaJil regions.
Note that the plural ending -JI replaces ........ and -ii of the nominative singular in the spelling of these
forms.
4. All *etulc1ass nouns and most croJl-ciass nouns spell their nominative plural ending with
--Ltor -H: .eua, :lKem.r; crOJJ, CT01tW; aBTooyc, aB'rooycw; cecTPa, cecTpw; K'JltO.., 1(!IIO..ti. Note that
nouns ending in -II, -ii, or - .. in Ihe nominative singular replace these letters with -II in the nomina-
tive plural: IlCTOpHlI, HCTOptrM history; 'I:iii, 'laM; UOpT+en". UOpT+enM.
Hard stem ZeH.8.- and crM-class nouns take the ending -H instead of - ... if their stem ends in K, r,
x, w, or *: ypOK, ypOKH; KHIira, KHMnI; no*, HO.... ; KapallJuiw, KaPa.ll.Aawti; Kop66Ka, KopOOKIlI.
Note that K, r, and x are then pronounced soft before-No
Inserted vowels and alternation of stems
As compared with endings, which regularly change, stems are relatively stable. However, some
stems show a regular paUern of alternation, with a vowel occurring in certain forms and not in
others. In Ihe examples below, nole that the nominative singular contains the inserted vowel 0 or e
as its next to last letter, while the nominative plural occurs without the inserted vowel.
NOMINATIVE SINGULAR NOMINATIVE PLURAL BASIC STEM
aMepHKilHeu aMepllxa.luthI aMepll Kilut-

MOJlOAeli MOJlOAl(bl MOJlOllU-
yKpauneu yKpaHHUbl yKpaHlut-
J80HOK J80llKH )801IK-
orypht orYPllbl OI"ypn-
124 LE'iSON 7
The vowel is inserted between the last two stem consonants and serves not only to break the
cluster, but also, frequently, to carry the stress. Such inserted "c1usterbreaking" vowels typically
occur in case forms with a zero ending. i.e., in the nominative singular of CTOJI-c1ass nouns and in the
genitive plural of *etta- and OIOi6-class nouns.
Expanded stems in tile plural
Although singular and plural stems are usually the same, some nouns have a plural stem that
differs in certain respects. For example, some OKHO- and CTM-class nouns with a singular stem
ending in a hard consonant, soften this consonant (if it can be softened) and add a liJ for the plural
stem. Note that in the Cyrillic writing system, the U1 is expressed by means oft. followed by the soft-
series vowel letter SI for the nominative plural.
NOMINATIVE SINGULAR NOMINATIVE PLURAL
6pOT [brat) 6pATbM [bniti]

nep6 [uuoj ncpu rued')
MjlK [mils] M)')Kt.Ji (mufja)
cry" [still] crY1IMI [stau)
The nominative plural of possessive modifiers

MOOELS
qt.. 3TO VlJO'lH? Whose keys are these?

MOIi VlJO'lIl s nopTle.ne. My keys are in the briefcase.
3To nooi TeTp3nH. Those are your notebooks.
Bee Hiunt: opoleccopA HM ,nOSOm.Hbl. All OUT professors are pleased with him.
r.ne aiuof ICtufrn? Where are your books?
r.nC lix pa66Tb1? Where are lheir papers (lit. works)?
STRUCTURE REPLACE1.tENT DRILLS
I. Is lhal your key? 2. Whose book is thaI?

Are those your keys? Whose books are lhose?
T: 3TO B3.W KJUO'l? T: 4bJi TIO KHitra?
s::no ai.w:M kJIIO<lli:? s: lfbli :ho KtUfnI?
T: 3ro B3.rne CO'lHHCHHe? T: 4t.e:ITo nepO?
s: :no ai.unI cooometnur? s: 'fwi :Jro nepla?
(lUIan.e, OICHO, nopnpe.nt., ICOp06lC:a, (CTOJI, pa60n, CO"lKHeHHe, Ory-ptll,
.n;sepb, lCapaH.D.aw, HOX, TeTpaJlb, crOll) M3TepHaJI, HO:JIC, rapalt,lJ;aw, 001l)(a,
nopntJenb, lUUO'l)
LESSON 7 125
Whose pens (Ire these? T: 4bH jTO KapaHllaWH?

These are our pens. S: 3TO HliUIH KapKHJl:KunI.
T: 4bH :ho nepbSl? (KHHrH, TeTpa,ll,H, CO'lltHCHHSI, pa60Tbl,
s: 3To HlUllH nepLK. MaTeplta.Jlbl. Kopo6KH, lI~HKll, HO)f(H)
Singular to plural and vice versa.
Where is your brother? T: rJle TDOH cecrpw?

Where are your brothers? S: rAe TBOR cecrpa?
T: r,ne TOoH 6pAT? (p)"lKa, nopTtPeJIH, nomca, 3K3aMCHhI,
S: rtJ,e TBOM 6p3.TLA? CTon, y'lHTCJUI, llBCpb, KJlJO'fH, HO)J(H,
KapaHJI.arn, TeTpa;.u,)
QUESTiON-ANSWER DRILLS
I. A re those his keys? 2. Whose notebooks are these?

No, those are my keys. Yours.
T: 3TO er6 KJUO'l"? T: 4 bH :ho TCTpaJlI1 ?
s: HeT, :ho MOM KJIlO'lll. s: TBOH.
T: 3TO era orypu.hl? T: 4bliiro KHHm?
S: He'T, :ho MOM oryp1lbl. s: TBOH.
(nopTenb, nopTtPenlt, Kop06Ka, KH"flt, (CTOJI, CO'lHHeHlte, U1Ka(/)bJ, Kopo6KI1, pa-
pa60Ta, ncpb$!, HOlK, cTy,neHTbI, nepo) 60Ta, nepo, nepb$l, HOlK, KapafUlarnl1)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Here's my sister. 2. This is my pencil.

The.~e are her books. And whose is this?
T: BOT MO$! cecrpa. T: 3TO MOti KapaH,tl,arn.
S: 3TO eli KHHrH. S: A :l'rO'leH?
T: BOT Moil 6pAT. T: 3TO MOH TCrpallll.
s: 3TO era KHHrH. s: A :l'ro 'ibM?
(MOIl CTy.l.l,{:HTbI, Moli cecTpbJ, MOR Y'lH- (OKHO, HO)J(H, Kllla'lH, CO'lHHCHHe, 'fail,
TenbHJ.fUa, MOM My:.K, MOH 6paTbSl, Moil 001lKa, KHHrH, nOpTQ>e1lb, xne6, py'fKa)
npexpeccop, MOH Rpo$eceopa)
PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILL
I. Where is your brother? r.n:e

TDO$! )"lHTeJlbHllua?
T; r,ne B<1W 6ph? _ _ _ (6KHa)?
S: r }tt~ BalU 6p;h'? __ (Harne) _ ?
T: (6paTbSl)? _ _ _ (aBT66yc)?
S: r,ll,e RautH 6paTLlI? _ _ _ (KJIIO'fH)?
T: (c&TPbl)?
S: r,ll,l;~ BalUN cec-rpbl?
_(TBO.li) _ _ ?
_ _ _ (My,.)?
_ _ _ (Y'lHTCnblIHn a)?
lUi LESSON 7
2. This is my briefcase. 3TO MOH nepMI.
T; :)-rO MOH nOpTlt~Jlb. _ _ _ (Kop66Ka).
S::}yo MOii IIOJIT+em-. _(ero) _
" _ (ero) . _ _ _ (KOpOOlClt).
S: :}'fO en) nop'rtenb. _ _ _ (}''fHTenb).
T: (KapaUlIaW). _(HX) _
S: ~ro ero Kapatl,luiw. _ _ _ (Y"HTellli).
_ ~_(nepO). _(e') _
_(MOlf) _ _.
DISCUSSION
All possessive modifiers of the changing type have Dominative plurals that end in -M.
whose my, mine your, yours our, ours your, yours

'tbH MO" TBOH HllWH BarnH
The third person possessives, ero, ee, and Hx, never change their fonn and thus have no special
fonns for the plural.
rlle ee paOOTbl? Where a~ her papers?

r,lJ;e er6 paOOTbl? Where are his papers'1
rlle Hx pa66Tb1? Where are their papers?
The prepositional case:

singular and plural endings of nouns
MODELS
rlle Bbl Y"Kmt pyccICIfii S13but, B wKOne? Where did you study Russian, in school?
- Hb, B yUHBepcKThe. No, at the uTlil'ersity.
A BaC BHAM ua miKltMM. I saw you at the lecture.
sf BaC BHAen B SYJUfTOP"M. I saw you ill the auditorium.
86T 116*, us CTOJIe. Here's the knife on the table.
OHa 6blJ1a B rOpolle. She was in tow".
3m TeOH KUHrH us oOJJKe'1 Are these your books on the shelf?
On H neTp6Ba - nyliwHe CT)',IJ;eHTbl II noi He and Miss Petrov are the best students in this
rpYnne. group.
86T HX paOOTbl, 3J1ect. ua C"'IjJle. Here are their papers on the chair.
Bblllonro CTOliJlH B 6..epeLJ;H? Did you stand in line long?
o ..OM Bbl ):JjMaeTe? Whom are you thinking abaul?
- 0 MapH". AboUl Maria.
- 06 Haaue. About fl'an.
- 0 JI,,&e. About Lev.
CTYlltUThl n"can" a "apOllax CCCP. The students wrote about Ihe peoples of the
U.S.S.R.
K03JIOB n"can a rpp,"ax. Kozlov wrote about the Georgians.
LESSON? 127
PREPOSITIONAL CASE: TABLE OF NOUN ENDINGS
most CTOJ1-, 01(110-, and ",eml-c1ass ,1J,BepL-c1ass nouns and all nouns ending
nouns In -Kii, -UH, and -He in the nominative
singular
~
~
-e -H
~
0
~
Ha CTOne B 6'1Cpe,1J,K
B wK6J1e o EBreHHH
06 OKHC Ha JleKI.UIH
06 Y"HTCJle 06 06meiKH-rHH
o nlHiThe B 3,1J,aHJlH
HARD STEMS -ax

SOFT STEMS -HX -ax
~
~
Ha CTomlx
B lllK()JIax
B o'lepemix
060KH3X
B ll.BepAX
Ha neKI.UIHX
06 ylfHTemix 06 06me)ldiTHHX
B 3,1J,aHHHX
Note: The prepositional case is always used with a preposition, usuaJly one of the following:
8 (or 80) in, at
Ha on, at
o (or 06, or 060) about, concerning, on, of
The alternate form of B is BO, used before certain consonant clusters: 80 8eeM in everything,
80 (J)paIlQHH in France.
Alternate forms of 0 are 06 and 060. 06 is used before words beginning with a, 0, y,:I, and H:
06 :iTOM, 06 yKpaHttlt3x. 060 occurs only in a few fixed phrases, such as 060 Mne about me and
060 DCeM about everything.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the models given above until you are familiar with the endings of the prepositional case.
CUED SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. (Lev) She \lias talking about Lev. 2. (Ivan) We were thinking about iI'an.
T: (JIeB) ami rOBOpHna 0 JILBe. T: (MBaH) Mbl llyMaJIlf 06 I1nalle.
s: Ollli roBopMJla 0 JILBC. s: Mb.i llYM3J1H 06 I1BllHe.
" (6ph) (OHa) _ T: (o6en) (Mbl) _
s: Olili rOBOpMJla 0 6plhe, s: Mb.i ".yM3J1K 06 ooclle.
(cecTPa, M)'iK, np<Xfleccop, rallSl, ropo.u, (ypOK, Y'l.UTeJIb, yHlfBCpcUTCT, OpnoB,
.KHlira, Kapalfllaw, HOiK, .ueno, nOJIKa, 3K3aMCIl, y'lUTCJlbHHua, 06tUCiKuTue,
'1aH) Ocellb)
128 LESSON 7
Cue should be given beron: the qucslion is asked.
J. (Kirill)
Who are you fhinking about? 2. (han)Whom are you talking aboul?
Aboul Kirill. Aboul Ivan.
T: (KHpW) 0 Il:OM 8bl ttYMaCTt:? T: (Wsau) 0 kOM ill roBOpJ"IWb?
s: 0 KNpKnIlC. s: 06 HBauc.
T: (KonJl) 0 XOM 8W .aYMaCTt:? (OnSl, Y'HfTeJlb. y'fHTeJlbUilLUl, OpnoB,
s: 0 KOJle. aMepHll:aHk8, y6oPLUHua)
(TaJIJI. K03JIo8. CeMeu, Mapnfl, Marna,
HHua, E8reHHii, Uapanll:HtI, !>oplfC, Ky-
po'fIl:HH, HmwJl8ii)
3. (Professor Orlov) Whom is he asking oboul?

Abollt Professor Or/ov.
T: (npo$eccop OpnOB) 0 KOM OH cnpaWHBaeT?
s: 0 lIPO~CCOpe Opno8c.
(WBnH, HHHa, KonJl, aMepUKaHK8, MapuSI, y'flfTCJlb. y'lIlTeJlbHHua, Oner, HItKOJlaH)
I. Hal'e yOIl /orgollen aboul Lev? 2. Were you thillking about Lev?
No, I haven'tforgollen about Lev. Yes, I was thinking about Lev.
T: Thi 3a6hui 0 JIbBe? T: TblllYMart 0 JIbBe?
s: Hh, Ii He 386t:VI 0 JlLBC. s: .li, Ii n.YMll.II 0 JlbBC.
T: Tbl 386b'ut 0 JBOHKe? T: Tbi11YMart 06 }"IHTeJle?
s: HeT, Ii He 386bin 0 JBOH"e. s: .la, Ii .l\tMll.II 06 Y'flhene.
(06 8MCpUld.Hue. 06 yKpaHHue, 0 JIbee, (0 npo$eccope OpnoBe, a cecTpe, 0
o lBOHKe, 0 no.napxc, 06 aMepHKllmre) rane, 0 6paTe. 0 Kone, 06 WeaHe
neTpDOHlfe, 06 WpltHe neTpDOlle)
1. She forgot about Ihe students. 2. han didn'l write about the schools.
She/orgol about Ihe studenl. Ivan didn't write about the school.
T: Omi 3a6blna 0 CTy.neHTax. T: WoaH He n"ci.n 0 WKOJlax.
s: Ollli la6bina 0 CTy.nCIl"l'C. s: WBan lie UHciin 0 IUKOJIC.
T: OHa 3a6blJla 0 npQ(l~ccopax. T: Haall lie O"ci.n 0 npoQ>eccopax.
s: Ollli 3a6blJla 0 upoepcccope. S: Wealllle IDlC8.rJ 0 upoepcccopc.
(0 6paTbl'IX, 0 cecl'pax, 0 KHHrax, 0 (06 y'fUTeJ!HX, 0 6paTbHx, 0 KIIHrax, 06
WKOJlax, 0 neKUHRX, 0 ncpbRx. 0 nnaTMIX, ypoKax, 06 ylllmepcHTeTaX, 0 rOpD.nax,
o pa6oTax) 06 O'fepeJ1.llX, 0 rpyJHHax)
3. Do yOIl want to find out aboUl Ihe exam? 4. What "ave you heard about her brother?
Do you want 10 find OUI aboul the exams? What "ave you hf!(Jrd about her brolhers?
T: Rbl xonhe yJHaTb 06 .3I03McHe? T: 4TO Obl CJ1bllUaJlJI 0 ee 6paTe?
s: Obi xoniTe y:JHaTb 06 :teoaMeHax? s: LITO Bbi CJlbnuaJIH 0 ee 6p8.TbIlX?
T: Rbl xOnf"re y:maTb 06 ypOKe? T: 4T6 Bbi cnh.nnartH 0 ee cecTpC?
s: 0 ... xonlTe y:J.luin 06 ypO"ax? S: LITO Dbi cnbuull.llK 0 ee cec"fpax?
(06 aBT06yce, 06 o6ene, 06 y'fIlTeJle, 0 (0 era npo4x:ccope, 0 ero Y'I"TeJlC, 0 ee
nCn.lHH, 0 co6palllm) Y'fHTeJ1bHIlUe, 0 ero CO'fIlIlClIlIH, 0 ee
pa60Te)
LESSON 7 129
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
The sislers forgot about Ihe brOlhers. The book if in tire drawer.
The brothers forgot about the sislers. Tire books are in tire drawers.
T: Cecrpbl Ja6butH 0 6paTbHX. T: KHiira B siml-nce.
s: fipaTMI Ja6NJJII 0 cecTpax. s: KIIHrH B liulHKax.
T: npexpeccopa Ja6bl11l1 0 CTY.QeHTax. T: PY'lKa Ha CTOile.
s: CryncHTbl Ja6bllu. 0 npocfleccopax. s: PY"IKII lIa C"l'oJJax.
M)')KbJl Ja6buJH 0 :lKellax. 1<JttO'{ B nopT~e.
CTYAeUTbI 336bmll 06 Y"IITe.11J1X. nOMpoK B Kop66Ke.
Y66pUUtU,bl Ja6butH 0 npo4leccop3.x. CryACHT Ha neKullll.
rp)'JHm.l: 336b1JlH 0 JlXYnu. Cecrpa Ha :noaMeue.
Y"pal-fHU,bl Ja6wnH 0 rp)'Jl-fHax. CTYACHTbI B aYAHTopHII.
Y'lHTerui Ja6bUHt 06 y'lTeJlbIlHuax. Y'{ffTenb B 6116;IHOTcKe.
(The meelings) What did they write about?

About the meetings.
T: (C06p3.KH'I) 0 '{eM Oll nllcalm?
S: 0 c06paIlHIIX.
T: (HapO)lb1 CCCP) 0 'JCM au mtcanH?
S: 0 HapOJJ.ax CCCP.
(KHHrn. era pa60Tbl. '1Jb!KH. neKu,IIH.
3K33MeHbI. aMepHXaHU,bl. Y"HTe.IIR.
ropoAa CCCP)
DISTRIBUTION OF ENDINGS IN THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE
I. Singular: -e and -II

a. Most CTOJl-. 01\110-. and *CHa-<:Iass nouns take -e as their ending in the prepositional singular:
Ita CTOJIe. 06 oKHe. 0 eette. 0 pLl6e. 8 ropoAe. 0 MaThe, 0 ra..'Te. 06 "salle. 0 J1hae.'
Hard consonants are regularly replaced by their soft counterparts before -e in the prepositional
singular. Compare crOIl [stolj with Ita cro.'Ie [n:)Stale) and 0...'H6 [akn6] with B oKHe [vakQeJ. )g, m.
and u remain hard in this position since they have no sort counterparts: y66puoma [uborSCico],
06 y66pu.\lIlle [abub6r~~ici].
b. All JJ.BepL-c1ass nouns and those nouns with a nominative singular ending in ......ii. -Mil, or ......e
spelilheir prepositional singular ending with -M: 0 .ltlIipH, 8 O-.epellH, 06 0cettH, 0 co6paHHH. 0 neHIIH.
06 EBreuK, 0 lltliuu.
2. Plural: -ax and -'IX

a. Nouns whose stems end in a hard consonant or .. or Ul spell their prepositional plural
ending -ax: 0 KJDO'tax, 0 lQax, 0 croJlax. 0 *euax, 0 KHHrax. 0 nOJIKax. 0 npo4teccopax, 06
YlCpaHlluax. 0 IIHcLMax.
b. All others take the ending -fIX in the prepositional plural: 0 JJ.8eplix. 0 nopTeJlinRx. 06
y-.KTemix, 0 IIJJliThRX, 0 6pan,1IX. 0 nCpL1IX. 0 co6pauHIIX, 0 CO"lHBCIIHRX.
Note that -b is written in the prepositional plural only if it is also written in the nominative
plur,ti: Compare 0 MyeLliIx (nom pi Myebli) with 06 o-.epe,l],lix (nom pi O"IepeJl,tl).
, Note that the name)ln. U~ has the inserted vowel e in the DOminative: singular only. In the other forms... must he
inserted to preserve the softne5$ of the 11: 0 Jh.ae.
130 LESSON 7
Prepositions Band ua with the prepositional case
MODELS
rne sam 6pAT? Whcre's your brother?

- Ha pa66TC. Al work.
- Ha 06CJ1e. At a dinner.
- Ha KOHuepTe. AI a concerl.
- Ha OOliTe. At the post office.
- Ha 3k3aMeHC. At an exam.
- Ha yp6Ke. Al a lesson.
- Ha co6paHHH. At a meeting.
- Ha neKUKH. AI a lecture.
- Ha 3386ne. At the plant.
- Ha CIlYJK6e. At work.
r.ae BAwa cecrpa? Where's your sister?

- B YIIHBepcHTrn. At the university.
- B Im:6ne. At school.
- B Jla60paTopHlt. At the laboratory.
- B 6H611HoTcKe. AI the library.
- 8 cYMe. At GUM.
- B ropo,ae. Downtown or In town.
- B aYJlHTOpH". In the auditorium.
- 8 "")i6e. At the club.
- B 06ll.leJKKnrn. In the dormitory.
- B ropcoBeTc. At the gorsovet.
REPETITION DR I LL
Repeat the models given, noting tbal with certain nouns only Ha can be used, with others only B.
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
They're noll' al Ihe exams. T: OHH Tcnepb Ha nCKUlfjfx.

They're now af lhe exam. s: OHN Tencpb us neKuHH.
T:Omi Tcncpb Ila :')K33.MCllax. (Ra co6pamurx, lIa JaBo.a.ax, Ha ypoKax,
s: OliN Tcnepb Ha JKJlb,elle. B 6H6nHOTeKaX, B ayD,HTopHSlX, B
o6meiKHTHJlx, B na60paTopHJIx, B
11IKOnaX, B Kny6ax)
I. (singing Jesson) Where were you? 2. (laOOralory) JUSI where is she?

A t a singing lesson. Al lhe laOOralory.
T: (yp6K nemur) r.a.e BbI 6MnH? T: (na60paT6pHJI) r.a.e l:e olla?
s: Ha ypOKC ueHMIl. s: B Jla60paT6pHH.
T: (pa66Ta) r.a.e Bw6htnH? T: (r6po.a.) r.a.e.e olla?
s: Ha pa61he. s: 8 r6poJl.e.
(o6e.a., 3aaoD" nOlfT3, 3103Mcn, KOlmCpT, (rYM, 11IKon3, 1UIy6, ay.a.HTopHJI,
co6pallHC, cnyx6a, nCKUHjf) 6H6nHOTeKa. ytlHSCpcHTeT, 06IJJ,CJKHTHc)
LfSSON 7 13J
3. (work) Where is he now? 4. (meetings) Where did they hear about it?
At ....wk. At the meetings.
T: (paoora) Cae 6" -renepb? T: (c06paHHlI) rae Olllt 06 :)TOM c.ru:.iWaJlH?
S: H a pa6che. S: Ha c06pUHJIX.
T: (UJ.JCona) rne ou renepb? T: (.3K:.aMeHbl) Cae omi 06 nOM CJIb1WaJlH?
S: B WKMe. s: Ha ::n.-:sattteuax.
(}'HHBepclITeT, nO'lTa, 3K3aMeH, na60pa (JaBoabl, ropona, ypoKH, WKOJ1bl, 6"-
TOpHJI, co6pallHe, laBOn, KOIIL\ePT, ro- 6JIHOTeKH, yHHaepcHTeTbl, na6opaTopuu)
pon, ypOK, o6en, neKLlHH)
RESPONSE DRILL
There's the school.

Kolya's in school.
T: B6T wtcona.
s: KOJUI 8 UIKOJle.
T: B6T JaSO,ll,.
s: Komi 118 3aBo.a.e.
(nona, lUly6, ayaHTOpHJI, yHltBepcUTeT,
rYM, na60paTOplU~, 6u6nHOTeKa, WKO-
na, 06meIltTHe)
CUEO QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(planl) Where's Ivan? (neKtJ.HH) Cae CT)'J1eHThI?

At the plant. (ropoA) rJIe JIea?
T: (3aaoA) rll,c MBan? (aYJIHTOpHJI) f.ue KupHnn?
s: Ha 3aBone. (3K3aMeH) rtte npoq,eccop OpJIOB?
T: (wKona) fae HHna? (na6opaTopHJI) Cae MHna?
s: 8 UIKOne. (XOHUepT) fAe TBO" 6p;h?
(ytrnBepcmeT) rae ptlITOp? (o6eA) fJIe TBoJi cec;rpa?
(pa60Ta) rae Oirna? (06wexHnle) Cae CTYJIeHT1Ut?
PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION ORILLS
I. Irina lvanovna was in town. 2. My brother is dowmowll.

T: Hpillla HaalloBlla fibUla B r6poJ1e. T: MMi 6paT Bropo.a.e.
s: I1pliHa "ulloBHa 6wul B n~pone. S: M6ii 6pliT B ropone.
T: (BArna cecTpa)~ . T: _ (cecTpA) _
s: 88ma ce<::T])8 6wni B ropone. S: Moti cte1lla B rOpo.ne.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (noorre). _ _ _ _ _ (wx6ne).
_ _ (6,3<) _ _ (6pAThH) _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (co6'am<H). _ (3aBone).
(E,o) _ (Ee)-----
_ _ (Y"HTO'''') _ _ (nCKL\HHx).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3IOaMeHaX). _ _ _ _ (rYMe).
_ _ (CTytteHTbl) _ _ (MYx<) _
(H....) (TB6ii) _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3K3flMeHe). _ _ _ _ _ (06ute:HTlflI).
_ _ (npo<j>eccopA) _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ()'IIHaepcHTe-re).
132 LESSON 7
DISCUSSION
English in (i.e., in (he interior) is usually rendered by Russian 8 and English on (011 the surface)
by Russian ua.
BCTone in the desk (or table)
ua CTOne on the desk (or table)
B 1t1llfre io the book
"a )Quire 00 the book
However, the English concept at may be rendered by either Hll or .. especially if the place
described is viewed in tenns of its function or the activity carried on there. In such instances, the
choice between ua or a is not dictated by the idea of position "inside" or "outside;' but is fixed for
a particular noun and must be memorized by the student as a set phrase. As a general rule, B is more
commonly used if the place is a building or enclosure, and ua is used if the place is described in
tenns of the activity carried on there.
I. DB
lIa C06p<iIlIlIl, Ha C06P<iU1l.llX at a meeting, at meetings

113 3K311MeHe, H3 3K3aMellax at the exam, at exams
!fa 3aB6.ae, H3 3aB6.aax at the plant, at plants
lIa yp6Ke, Ha yp6Kax at the lesson, at lessons
Ha neKUIIH, ua neKUII.IlX at the lecture, at lectures
Ha oO'ne at the post office
"a CJlYx6e at work, on the job
ua pa66Tc at work
ua 06e.a.e at a dinner
2. B
B UJj6e, B Imy6ax at the club, at (or in) clubs
B 6H6J1HOrelCe, B 6H6nHOTt;ICaX at (or in) the library, at (or in) libraries
llIX6nax
B 1l1l(OJlC, B at (or in) school, in schools
B YHHBCpcHTCTe, B ymmepciITtTax at the university, at universities
B rYMe at (or in) GUM
The personal pronouns and interrogatives KTO, 'ITO

in the prepositional case
MODELS
a ..eM OlUi nllcA.Jm? What did they write about?

a K6M BblrOBopiITe? Whom are you talking about?
aua rOBOpHJla 060 MMe. She was talking about me.
_ _ _ _ _ 0 TOO<. _ _ _ _ _ _ about you.
_____ 0 aac. _ _ _ _ _ _ about you.
-,- 0 Hic. _ _ _ _ _ _ about w.
R0 HiM MII6ro e.m:una..n. I've heard a lot about him.
_ 0 ...0 ~
_ _ _ _ _ _ about her.
_ 0 UJix _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about them.
REPETITION DRILL
Practice the models until you are familiar with aU the fonns.
LI?SSON 7 133
I. Were you thinking about Nina? 2. Who was he writing about, me?
Yes, J was thinking about her. Yes, about you.
T: BbJ AYMaJIll a Hi1HC? T: 0 .cOM 6u nucilJl, 060 MHe?
s: .l{a, Ii ~MaJI 0 HiN. s: l{li, 0 Te6e.
T: Bbi AYMamt 0 Kone? T: 0 XOM OU nHcAn, 0 Te6e?
s: .l{a, Ii .n;YMaJI 0 HeM. s: .l{a. 060 ,..,.e.
(06 }"IHTeJTbllHue, 0 rane, (0 Bac, 0 HHX, 0 HeM, 0 Heit,
06 J.1aaHe, 0 ero ceCTpC, a nac, 0 Te6e)
o ee 6paTe)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. She was tMnking about me. 2. Oh, you're here!

About whom? We were just talking about you.
T: Qmi AYMana 060 MHe. T: A, Bbi 3,uecb!
s:Q "OM? s: M.bI KlUI': pal roBOpM.rrM 0 de.
T: Qua llYMana 06 yp6ke. T: A, ThI 3,!1ecb!
s: O..eM? s: Mw KIlK pa3 1"000pKnM 0 TOOe.
(0 WKone, 0 raJIe, 0 Te6e, (OR, OHH, alia, Komi, HHua,
o Hac, 06 3K3aMeHax, 06 )"IHTene, ranJl)
o co6paHHH, 0 cecrpe)
CUED QUESTIONANSWER DRILL
(You) Whom was he asking about?

About you.
T: (Bbi) o KOM OH cnpaw"san?
o 1Uie.
"
" (Tho) o ICOM OH Cnp3.wHaan?
o Te6e.
" (jI, OHa, MbI, BbI, OU, OU")
Who is he? T: KT6 Bbi?

I haven't heard of him. s: H 0 sic He CJJWWaJI.
T: KTo 611? (OIlR, TbI, aHa, all,
s: H0 HeM He c.ru.:.:wa.'I. Bbl, OHa)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. rye heard a lot about American women. 2. She's terrific.

What have you heard about them? The professors speak highly of her.
T: Jt
MH6ro cnbuuan 06 aMepHJ:3.HKax. T: Qlla MOnOlleQ.
s: If.TO aW 0 mix c.rn:nuam.? s: Opo+eccopa 0 iteR xOpornO f"OBopfl.
T: .st MH6ro em.lwan 0 sac. T: Bbi MOnOlleU.
s: If.TO sbi 060 Mne CJlbrWllJIM? s: npo~pa 0 B8C xOpowO rOBopiT.
(0 era cecTpe, 0 ero )"IHTemlX, 0 ee (on, Mbl, Bbi Bee, OIlH, TbI, JI)
6paTC, 06 YKpIUIHuax, aero )"tHTeJle, 06
aMepHxaaQaX, 0 ee npo4leccope, a ee
MjJKe, 0 er6 ::.:ene)
134 LESSON 7
PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILL
I didn't think about that. OKJ1 0 m'lc He CJlWWa.n.II.
T: R 06 jTOM He nOAYMan. _ _ (0 Te6e) _
s: A 06 nOM He DOn,yMaJI, _ _ _ _ _ (He nHcAnH).
(On) _
(On.) - - - c - - - - - -
_ _ (0 HeH) _ _ _ (0 Blie) _
(8';') _ _ (ue 3a6btna).
_ _ (060 MHe) _ (M';') _
------c- (ue CJlWWanH). _ _ (0 RHX) _
_ _ (0 HaC) _ (On) _
(OnM) _ _ _ (06 jTOM) _
_ (ue Don,jMan).
Remarks on stress sbift in nouns

A change in the position of the stress occurs frequently in the Russian declension of nouns, but it
follows fairly regular patterns. The most typical of these pauems are given below.
1. Stress shirt from stem in the singular to endings in the plural.
NOM so PREP so NOM PL PREP PL

ropaLl B ropone ropoAa B ropoAax
~eno o nine ~en' o L1eJ13,x
My>< o MYJKe M)'*bli o Mj')lCMix
yuheJll. 06 Y'lirrene Y'lHTeJlli 06 Y'lHTeJuix
npo<j>ec=p o npo4)Cccope npo<j>eccopa o npo4leccopAx
WKafjl OWx3.<Pe uu:afjlw o wICa41ax
2. Stress shift from endings in the singular to stem in the plural:

NOM so PREP so NOM PL PREP PL
:lICeHli o :lICCHe :lICellbi o :CHax
=pO o cecrpe cecrp~ o cecrpax
3HM3 o 311Me 3HMbI o 31iM8X
OKHO H80KKe oKHa lIa oKHax
ncpO o nepe nepbJl o nepb)lX
nllCbMO o IlIICbMe nJ1CbMa o m.fcLMaX
3. Stress shirt from stem in the nominative singular to endings in all the singular and plural
forms where a vowel ending exists.
NOM so PREP 50 NOM PL PREP PL
cron lIa CTOne CTonw Ha crona-x
3BOHOK o 3BOHKe 3BOHK" o 3BOHdx
Kapau.A<iw o Kapallnawe KapaHnaWH o KapaJlLI,awax
KJUO. o ICJ1101Ie V1lOlIH o V1JOlIax
110. o 1I0.e HO:ltai o ROXaX
orypeu. 06 orypu.e orypl.l.bl 06 orypuax
Jl3WK o Jl3b1Ke Jl3l>/K" o Jl3b1Xax
The third group of nouns actually have tbeir stress consistently on the endings, where there
actually are endings. Where the ending is zero (as in the nominative singular) the stress is of necessity
on the stem, usually on the last syllable.
LESSON 7 135
4TEHHE H nHCbM6
~ ~ ruwuv 'Ul:d- / H-O $ ~

-
~.-~~~~~~.
y>= ~~,/<XUU<L,~~~.
~ -k~~~'<-<Z
~.~~~.&w~/~
~,~~~.~~
~U~~~.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ur:?:.
~~~fW.~.&va
j<2./UO ~ ~ ~ U- ~ ~
~~.
136 LESSON 7
- Oner. Tbi CJlbIWa.n? rOBOpRT. HHHa 601lb8a.
- HeT, OIHl 3Jlop6aa. CMOTpli, BOT OHa HJJ,eT.
- HUHa, Ky.na Dbl HlteTC?
- A, 3.npaeCTByihe. Ji: H,ny B :ho 3JJ.aHHe. TaM ceH'IaC 6Yn.CT rOBOPHTb peKTOp.
- nOWJIH If Mbl, Oner. 3To HHTepeeHo.
CerOJlHSI Y HaC H3 ntnurn 6bIn omm aMcpHxaucu. OM Y'lKn PYCCKHH $l3bzK B yHHBePCH-
TeTe B AMepHICC II BROJlDe xoporno rOBOpH"r nO-PYCCKH_ MHTCpeCHO C HHM n03HaxOMHTbCJI.
Ho xlix? MO:lkeT 6b1Tb 38.BTpa DB 6ylteT 8 CTonOsoH.
- XOTifTC nOHTii 113 KOHUepT. MHna?

- C y.noB6J1bCTBItCM. KCnrlTH, :ho 6ecnmiTIIO?
- }la. Hy, nod. >1 ceH'tac enemY H3 co6paHHc B JellYG.
- Ao CBH,l],3HH5I.
LESSON 7 137
LESSON 8
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION rue Moii cnOBapb?
CJ10Bapb (CJ1oBapli) (m) dictionary (dictionaries)

rAe Moil CJ10Bapb? Where's my dictionary?
y Te6li you'have; at your place.
Y Te6li Moil CJ10B!lPb? Do you have my dictionary?
BJla;:uf.\tHP, y n6li MOM CJlO8ipl. ? Vladimir, do you have my dictionary?
Y MeHli I have; at my place
Hk, He y Med. No, I don't.
OH y CeMellOBa Semyonov has it
p.i3Be really; are you sure!
Pbu Ott He y CeMeHOBa? Are you sure Semyonov doesn't have it?
y Hero [uQiv6J he has; at his place
y Hero ne-r he doesn't have it
HCT, y Hero He-r. No, he doesn't have it.
cnpaUHfBaTb (I) to ask, inquire
(prv cnpocliTb)
TOJIblCO 'ITO [tolk;>~t;>J just, just now
.st TOJIblCO 'ITO cnpaWHBM. t just asked.
HeT, y HCI"O m!:T. A TOJILKO 'fTO No, he docsn', have it. I just asked.
cnpaWHBM.
OK y K03J10Ba Kozlov has it
Toras, MO*eT 6brT.... Oil Then maybe Kozlov has it?
Y KoJJtou?
3auliTlUI (pi) studies, classes
Ha 3amiTHJlX at classes
K03J16Ba He 6blJlO. Kozlov was absent (or missing).
KoJJtoBa CerO,llHK He 6LrJlO Kozlov didn't attend his classes
Ha 3aUnurx. today.
MO:'eT 6Wn., ..... ocriBlJJT CB6ii Maybe you left your dictionary at
CJlOBSp.. B 6tt6mtoTiKe? the library?
st riM He 6WJ1. I haven', been there.
139
nowen,nowma,nowmo,nowmu went
(irreg past of nOHTl1:)
51 nowen .llOMOH. I went home.
nOCJIe 3aHliTHH after classes
nOCJle 3aHlhHH $I nowCJt .llOMOH. After classes J went home.
cp<iJy immediately, right away, at once
Cpa3y nOCJle 38HlITHH H"owerl Right after classes I went home.
.llOMON.
KaKOU-TO cnooapb a dictionary, some sort of dictionary

B CTonoBou $I BU.llen KaKOU4To I saw a dictionary in the dining haH.
cnoBapb.
y Hac B cronooou in our dining hall
'y Hac U cTonOBoH si BUtleJI I saw a dictionary in our dining han.
KaKO"~TO CJIOaapb.
nOtlO>KJl:3.Tb (prv I) to wait (a limited amount of time)
noJJ.o*.lUi, y HaC B CTOJlOBOH Wait a second, I saw a dictionary in our dining
11 BH.neJI K8KOii-TO CJlOOapL. hall.
lfaocpHo probably, likely

3TO, HaacpHo, Moil CJIOBapb. It's probably my dictionary.
nocMoTpIO I'll take a look
3TO, HaBepllO, MOH. noiiJJ:Y DOCMOTpID. It's probably mine. I'll go take a look.
Mara3HII store
.lI6n~eH,.lIOn*H3.,.lIOJl*H6,.a0~HhI must, have to, got to (lit. obliged, obligated)
R .aOmKeH nOHTH a Mara3HH. I've got to go to the store.
Koe-'!To [k6jd t6] a thing or two, a couple of things
A Ii JJ.om..eu Dom B Mara3HH And I've got to go to the store to buy a couple
..6e--'1TO "ynHTL. of things .
SUPPLEMENT
I1CTOPI1S! history
Y MeHR rerrepb I1CTOpll.sf. I have history now.
nHTCpaTypa literature
Y MeHJ1. Tcnepb JlHTepaTypa. I have literature now.
rcorp<icflH.lI geography
Y MCHJ1. Teocpb reorpacfmSl. I have geography now.
MaTeMannia mathematics
Y MeHli Tenepb MaTCMann::a. 1 have mathematics now.
4)1bHKa physics
Y MCHJ1. Tenepb epH3HKa. I have physics now.
""'"'"
Y MCHli Tenepb xHMHS!.
chemistry
I have chemistry now.
140 LESSON 8
r Jle Moii CJI0BapL?
H. - HHKomiit 8. - BJla,IlHM.Hp
H. BnaaiiMHp, vlac;tirpir 1
y refili MOM CJJOOapb? u\i~a m6j slav3f !
B. 2 HCT, Qe' j
He y MeHJi. QiUqUQil j
A p3.Joe OU He y CeMeHOBa 11 a nizyi 6n Qiu~iJllon~\p,}!
H. J HeT, Qet!
y Hero Rer. uQiv6 Qetl
.st TonbKO 'iTO cnpflWHBan. ja t61bst~ spdisiv~1 !
B. 4 Torna. MO)KeT 6bJTb, lagda m6iidbit
Oil y K03nooa? 6n ukazJov~ 1
H. 5 K03Jl003 cer6.nHSl: kazlbvd ~iv6dQd
He 6blJlO ua 3aHJlTlUlx. 2 ~H~biI3 n3zaQa\ijax!
B. 6 MO:>KeT 6bl:Tb, m61idbi\

TId OcT3BHJI CBOK cnoBapb Ii astayiJ sv6j slavar
B 6H6nHoTeKe? v~iblia\elti j
H. 7 A TclM He 6b1J1. ) ja tam Qebil j

Cpa3Y n6cne 3aHJiTHH Sfazu p6sli 7.aQa\ij
nowen .nOMO". pasol dam6j 1
B. 8 nOJIOJK.llH, podafQi j
y HaC B CTOJl680H unas rstalov;)j I
Ji BH.a.en K3KOii-TO ja yic;tiI kak6jta slavar!
CJlOOapb.
H. 9 3TO, HaaepHo, MOij. eld oa yem;) moj !

nOH,lJ;Y nOCMOTpiO. pajdu JY.)smatrii 1
B. 10 A Ji )l611)KeH noAnf B Mara3HH a ja d61zin paN vm~ga~in f
K6e-<IT6 Kytut.Th. k6jo!l6 kURi\ j
NOTES Pli,3Be is a word used to express surprise or incredulity, such as: you don',
I
mean to say! it is,,'t possible! really! and so forth.

Note the use of the pluml uwrrH.II to mean class. This is the usual word for
2
classes or studies at the university. JleKltH.II may also be used to refer to university
classes, but it is more often used in its literal sense (lecture) to describe an event
outside class, such as a talk by a visiting lecturer. Compare also ypOK (literally
lesson), used botb to mean any kind of pTimte lesson and c/as.s at the preuniversity
level.
CTYJJ.CIITbi TeOepb Ha 3auliTltJut The students are in classes now.
.st MY Ha nCKluno. I'm going to a lecture.
Y'leHHKH Ha ypOKax. The pupiJs are in class (lit. at their
lessons).
LESSON 8 141
) Contrast A TaM He tiblJl I haven't been there with K03J10S8 cerolUul lie tiblJlO
Ita 3aHlITHRX Koz/ov wasn't at his clusses today. ln the second example, a neuter
verb and a genitive case subject are used to emphasize Kozlov's absence, i.e., to
point oul that he was missing.
4 lI.0Jnl('etI is a short-form adjective used together wilh the infinitive 10 mean
must, has (or have) to. lIS literal meaning is obliged or obligated.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION B Mara3HHe
d.pn map
,Eep6na Europe
KapTbI Eep6nbl maps of Europe
y eac ecn. you have
Y sac ecrb K8.pTW ESpOllbI? Do you have maps of Europe?
npo.naelUHu,a saleslady
olKnMTb (I) to expect
Her, HO MbI. OXHJl,aeM 33eTpa. No, but we're expecting them tomorrow.
He.u.e.rtH (He.a.CnH) week(s)
Ita cne.a.ylOlUeH He.ll.ene next week
Hh, HO MW O~eM Ha eJle.a.yJOweti He.QC.'1e. No, but we're expecting them next week.
Ha :hOH HeLlene this week
Her. HO Mht OlKH,ll;aeM ua iTOH He.a.e.ne. No, but we're expecting them this week.
KHT3ii China
dpm KHTfuI a map of China
Y eAc ten, dpm JurraJI? Do you have a map of China?
Y Bac ue-r Kii.pTbl KHTb? Don't you have a map of China?
A K3pTh1 KUl'b Y BAc mh? And you don't have a map of China?
T6xe too, also; either
A dpTW K'wr8.A: Y alic To:e Her? And you don't have a map of China either?
/cTb there is, there are
Y HaC ecrb KapTa KHTali. We do have a map of China.
nO)l(3.IIyHCTa please, you're welcome
a6T nO)l(3.IIyHCTa here you are
BOT, nmriJlyHcrs. Here you are.
H also, too
MHe Hy)ltHa dpm I need a map
Ho MHe nyJKHa It dpTa EBpOnbi. But I need a map of Europe, too.
aceTaKH nevertheless, still, just the same
Ho MHe BCe-TllKII H)']DIa II ...'1ipn But just the same I need a map of
Eo....... Europe, too.
KnOCK stand, newsstand
cnPOCHTb (pfv II) (ipfv cnpauumaTb) to ask, inquire
A 8M cnpoclhe a IOIOcke. Ask at the newsstand.
yroJl (gen sg yrna) comer
142 lSSON 8
ua yrJ1Y on the corner
A BbicnpocNn B Ktt6cKe 113 yrJlY. Ask at the newsstand on the comer.
TaM TO:lKC lib [it's] not there either
A )?Ke TaM 6b1J1. Tht TOlKe Hb. I've already been there. They don't have it
there either.
aTnac atlas
KflK uaC<JeT 3.Tnaca? How about an atlas?
Klili: Tor,na Hac.." iTJlaC8? How about an atlas then?
AoporOH expensive, dear
ATJlac, "_puo, 6"Iettb LlOpor6i? An atlas is probably very expensive, isn't it?
Her, He O"leHb. No, Dot very.
npHHecTH (prv I) to bring
Ii npllHecY I'll bring
Hh, He 6oteRb. Cei..lic DpHHecY. No, not very. I'll bring one right away.
SUPPLEMENT
y Hee OCTb she has

Y Hee eCTb ilTnac? Does she have an atlas?
y HHx ecrb they have
Y Hlix ecn. lhnac? Do they have an atlas?
ICyeOk (gen sg KycKa) p'''''
XOTIITe ewe kyooK xnt6a? Want another piece of bread?
CT3k3.H glass
Xonhe eute CTadH MonoJCa? Want another glass of milk?
<JaWKa cup
XOTl1Te eute <JawKy K6le? Want another cup of coffee?
B Mara3Hue
B. - BnaJUtMHp
n. - np0,D,aalUl1l{a
B. Y 03C ecTb uvas je~t

KlipTW EBp6nw? karli jivropi !
n. 2 HOT, Vel)
HO Mbl O)KH,naCM no mi alid:ijim I
Ha CJ1eAYlomcH HCAMe. nasltdujultij vi~Cli )
B. ) A KlipTW KHTfur aUrti !sitaj;J !
Y Rae T6J1CC Her?l uvas toli 'Jet!
n. 4 Her, ecrb. 2 vet) j~\)

B6T. no>d:.JIyHCTa.) VOl) pilil,"')
LESSON 8 143
B. 5 XOpoUJo. x~raso 1
Ho Mite ace-Yak" H)1)KH3 no mQe r5l~\i nuzna I
" dpTa E8pOnbi. i Idirl~ jivropi 1
n. 6 A 8bl cnpocHTC a vi spraiti
B KuocKe Ha yrny. f\i6s~i nouglii )
B. 7 ..st )?Ke TaM 6blJI. ja uze tam bill

TliM TO)Ke neT. tam tozi Qet 1
n. 8 KaK Tor.na U3ClIeT aTnaca? kak tagda na~6t 3tbs:d
B. 9 ATJlac, uaaepHo, atlas nayerD~
6 .. eHb Jl.oporoii" ociQ d:uag6j 1
,
n. 10 HiT, He O'leHb. Qet! Qioci\l )
Ceii'lac lIPHHecy. icas ppfJ.isii 1
NOTES I Note that TOOKe means 100 or also in affirmative sentences, but neither or
not . .. either in negative ones:
Compare )KeHa T6)Ke pa66TaeT My wife works at the gorsovet,

B ropcoaeTe. too.
with KapThl Kunhl y. B3C You don't have a map of
T6:.e HCT? China either?
A To:tce ero Be 3H{UO. Neither do I know him or I
don't know him either.
In answering negative questions, Russians lIsually begin their answer with

2
HeT regardless of whether the answer is affirmative or negative:
A dPTbi KimiH Y oac TO:lKe HCT? And you don', have a map of China either?
- HOT, ecn.. Yes, we do.
T~ riM He 6b1R? Weren't you there?
- Her. 6bln. Yes, I was.
- Her, lie 6hlJ1. No, I wasn't.
l nOiKaJIYHCTa is a polile word used in various situations:

nO:lK3.nyHCTa, JaXOMTe. Come in, please.
B6T, nO;Jl(3.nyHCTa. Here you are.
nO:lKanyHCTa. You first (at a door or entrance).
CnacH60. - nmlC3.nyMCTa . Thank you. You're welcome.
A few CT6JInouns like WKa+ and yroJl have a second prepositional case
ending in stressed -Yo which occurs only when they are used with prepositions
Ha and B.
Compare KH6cIt ua yrJlY. The newsstand is on the corner.
with Ji rOBop.o 06 yrJle. I'm talking about the corner.
Compare Orypuhl B IllI:8<pY. The cucumbers ace in the cupboard.
with Ji rOBop.o 0 lllK3.q>e. I'm talking about the cupboard.
144 LESSONS
I. Y sac tX:Tb cnoBapb? Do you have a dictionary?
- ):la, tcTb. Yes, I do.
- ):la, y Melili ec-rb cnOBapb. Yes, I have a dictionary.
Y re6li tcTb cnosapb? Do you have a dictionary?
- )la, ecn.. Yes, I do.
- ):la, y Metui tX:Tb cnOSapb. Yes, I have a dictionary.
Y Her6 ecrb cnosapb? Does he have a dictionary?
- )la, ecn.. Yes, he does.
- J],a, y Her6 ten. cnOsapb. Yes he has a dictionary.
t
Y Hee ecn. cnOBAPb? Does she have a dictionary?

- )la, ecn.. Yes, she does.
- .L13., y llee tcTb CJI0Bapb. Yes, she bas a dictionary.
Y HaC ecTb CJI0Bapb? Do we have a dictionary?
- )la, ecn.. Yes, we do.
- J],a, y Hac ecn. CJI0aapb. Yes, we have a dictionary.
Y HHX ten. CJlOBapb? Do they have a dictionary?
- )la, ecn.. Yes t they do.
- J],a, y mix ecn. CJlOaapb. Yes, they have a dictionary.
2. Y BAc ecn. CJ10aAPb? Do you have a dictionary?
- HCT, Y MeHli HeT cnoaapli. No, J don't have a dictionary.
Y Te6li CcTb cnoBapb? Do you have a dictionary?
- HCT, Y MeHli HCT cnoBapli. No, I don't have a dictionary.
Y Her6 tcTb cnoaapb? Does he have a dictionary?
- HCT, Y Her6 Her cnoaapli. No, he doesn't have a dictionary.
Y Hee ecrb cnoaapb? Does she have a dictionary?
- HCT, Y Hee Hlh cnoaapli. No, she doesn't have a dictionary.
Y HaC tcTb CJI0Bapb? Do we have a dictionary?
- HCT, Y HaC HCT CJ1oBapli. No, we don't have a dictionary.
Y HHx ecrb cnOBapb? Do they have a dictionary?
- HtT, Y HHX neT cnoBapJi. No, they don't have a dictionary.
3. Y sac OCTb nopT(I~J1b? Do you have a briefcase?

- ,[la, y MeHl! eCTb nOpT~b. Yes, I have a briefcase.
- Her, y Me"" neT nOpT~nJl. No, I don't have a briefcase.
4. Y Me CcTb py'lKa? Do you have a pen?

- ,[la, y Meilli CcTb py<JKa. Yes, I have a pen.
- Htr, Y MeHR HeT py.urn. No, I don't have a pen.
5. Y sac ecTb M01l01(6? Do you have milk?

- ,[la, y HaC OCTb MOJlOICO. Yes, we have milk.
- Hlh. Y HaC HCT Monod. No, we don't have any milk.
6. 4T6 y sac Ttnepb? What do you have now?

- Y MeH.li renepb IIHTepa-rypa. I have literature now.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pyCCXHH J13blX. _ _ Russian _ _.
______ ",ocpa<l>". _ _ geography _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ HCTOPHJI. _ _ history _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ MaTeM3.THka. _ _ mathematics __.
_______ 4lH3HK:a. _ _ physics _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ xHMHJI. _ _ chemistry __
LESSON 8 145
7. KOJJIosa cerOJlHR Her. Kozlov is absent today.
BJlaJ:tlIMHpa - - - Vladimir ~ _
EBreHIDI _~ _ Evgeny ___
KHpJinJla _ Kirill _
~MeHa __ Semyon _
Jlbaa _ Lev _
Onera _ Oleg _
HHICOJl.h _ Nikolay _
8. KOJIH B'Iepa IU~ 61>1J10 Ha JaHjnuu. Kolya was absent from classes yesterday.
rI"m _ Galya _
HHHbI _ Nina _
Mila _
M""",
Map...
- - - - - -_- Maria _
MAwH _ Masha _
On. _ Olya _
9. Er6 TaM ue 6blJ1o? Wasn't he there?

- Her, He 61>1110. No, he wasn't.
- Her, Oil TaM 6W. Yes, he was there.
Ee TaM He 6bJno? Wasn't she there?
- H&T, He 6bJJlO. No, she wasn't.
- Hh, olla riM 6blJ1a. Yes, she was there.
Hx riM He 6blJ1o? Weren't tbey there?
- H&T. He 6hlJlO. No, they weren't.
- Her, omi TaM 6b1J1H. Yes, they were there.
10. tUM no noPTltru>? Whose briefcase is that?

- BJla.nHMllpa. Vladimir's.
- CeMeuoBa. Semyonov's.
- Onera. Oleg's.
- CeMeHa. Semyon's.
- npo4leccopa OPJlosa. Professor Orlov's.
- Epha. My brother's.
- XHT'p6Ba. Khitrov's.
- Uapan.ICHHa. Tsarapkin's.
- Yo:nhe.nR. The teacher's.
- HHKOJli.H. Nikolay's.
- EBreHIUI. Evgeny's.
II. 4bH 3TO KJ1IO'Ui? Whose keys are these?

- Y66plJ.tHllhl. The cleaning lady's.
- npOJlaBlUHLl,b1. The saleslady's.
- CecTpbi. My sister's.
- )f(eHbJ. My wife's.
- MapH". Maria's.
- Y'IHTeJThHHLl,b1. The teacher's (t).
- H"Hhi neT'p6BHbJ. Nina Petrovna'~.
146 LESSONS
.aeno HHllbl.
12. ~TO ThaI's Nina's business.
___ 6"". _ _ Olya's _
_ _ _ r<um. _ _ Galya's _ _
_ _ _ K6nll. _ _ Kolya's _
_ _ _ CAw". _ _ Sasha's _
____ npo,lUlOWHUbI. _ _ the saleslady's __.
_ _ _ y60PUll1Ubl. _ _ the cleaning lady's __.
_ _ _ _ OWlTtpa. _ _ tbe custodian's _ _
_ _ _ _ K03JI6oa. _ _ Kozlov's _ _
_ _ _ peKTOpa. _ _ tbe chancellor's __,
_ _ _ JIb". _ _ Lev's _
Pronunciation practice:
hard versus soft consonants
A. [v) vs. Iyl Usual Cyrillic spelling 8; sometimes ... or 81..
Note the pronunciation of hard Iv] in the following:
(ivan] Ivan
[vi] you
and compare it with soft [V):
[d;)svidaQ.j.,) ,0:0 COItJl.aHItSi good-bye

(yi~jlJ B~cn saw
Russian [v), like the corresponding English sound, is made by bringing the upper teeth close to
the lower lip. Before [0] (and especially (iJ) tbere is often the auditory effect of a w-like off-glide.
Soft [V), on the other hand, has the auditory effect of being followed by a y-like off-glide.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating bard [v] and
soft [y], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
USSON 8 147
B. l~ vs. lO Usual Cyrillic spelling til; also 8; sometimes BE. or ....
Note the pronunciation of hard (f] in the following:
[~itif6n] telephone
rAfri!<.j Africa
[rpal~eJ completely
and compare it with soft m:

WlipJ <t>HJumn Philip
[prafCs:lf 1 npocj>6ccop professor
[part[eIJ nopT~ briefcase
Russian (fl, like the corresponding English sound, is made by bringing the upper teeth close
10 the lower lip. Soft m
has the effect of a y-Iike glide following it.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [f] and soft
[0, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note that
before [0] (and especially [in, a w-like off-glide is often beard after hard [fl.
c. [IJ v>. III Usual Cyrillic spelling ]I; sometimes JIb.
Note the pronunciation of hard [I] in the following:
[yi4ilJ 8H.D:en saw

[Qebil] IIC6bU1 wasn't
[4 il'J AM' affairs
[rpalQeJ anOJIIle completely
and compare it with soft nJ:
nc~ JIea Le,

[balniJ 60JlbHhI sick
[p"t[e[) nopTtj>e.nb briefcase
[ucili[) }"lHTeJlb teacher
Russian hard Pl is made with the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth and
wil.h the middle of the tongue lowered or hollowed out. English has a somewhat similar I in words
like ball. bull. and whole. In Russian the tongue muscles are tenser and the tongue hollower.
Russian soft OJ is formed with the front part of the blade of the tongue (not the tip) in contact
with the ridge of tbe gums behind the upper teeth. Soft nJ bas somewhat the effect of being followed
by a y-like glide as in English miffion.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard Pl and soft
[U. imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. ,
148 LESSON 8
Intonation practice: part II--questions without question words
Questions with a rising-falling contour. This contour is typical of questions where the major
stress is not on the last word. The pitch rises to a high peak at level 4 on the major stress and then
~rops to a point somewhere between levels 1 and 2.
Practice the following drills, imitating the tape or the instructor.
4 4
3 3
2 2
I 1
Bbl rOBopkrc no-pyccKH" Rbi CJIblIlIaJIH 06 3TOM?
3TO rbi, 6J1Si? QRa MOlKeT nOKnt?
Bqepa 6bIJlO c06paHHc? Bid .n.onfo pa66TaJIH?
68 .naBHO GoneR? RbI xontre KO<Pe?
Pronounce the following statements as questions.
4 4
3
2
3
2
--
I 1
o. He 6b1J1 H3 3K33.MCHC. o. He 6b1J1 Ha 3K3a.MCHC?

QHa .D:OCTana orypuhI. OHa .Ilocnin:a orypuhI ?
Y HaC 0cTb KOcf>e. YHac <cTb K6le ?
3TO Barna KuHra. 3TO Barna KIill:ra ?
TRANSFORMATiON DRILL
Pronounce the following questions as statements.
4 4
3
2
-- 3
2
/~~
I 1
QHli 6WlH H3 KOHUepTe? Omi 6buTH Ha KOHl.,tepre.

Ha o6eJl OnJITb Kama? Ha o6eIl Oruln. Kawa.
Marna odriImJla KJllO'fH? Mawa ocraaHJIa KJlIO'fH.
ORa KynHna nOJlapoK? OHa K)'lliUta nOJlapoK.
LESSON 8 149
To have in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the present tense

MODElS
Y Bac ecn. upaJ1.I1aw? Do you have a pencil?
- Aa, CCTh. Yes, I do.
- Aa, y Me",1 ecn. KapallJ{am. Yes, I have a pencil.
Y sac ecn. KHHra ? Do you have a book?
- All, ecn.. Yes, I do.
- A.a. y MeHi ecn. Iluira. Yes, I have a book.
y sac ecn. nepO" Do you have a pen [point]?
- Ali. ecn.. Yes, I do.
- .!la, y Memi ecn. nep6. Yes, I have a pen [pointJ.
Y sac ecn.
TeTp3..tuf" Do you have notebooks?
- All, <\cT. Yes, I do.
- )l;a, y MeHlI ecn. TeTpa.o:H. Yes, I have notebooks.
Y Te6i M6" Kapau.nam? Do you have my pencil?
-}ta, yMeHA. Yes, I do.
- Ai, 6H y MeRJi:. Yes, I have it.
Y Te6i Moi Iluira? Do you have my book?
- ){a, y MeHi. Yes. I do.
- .ai. OHa y MeUJi:. Yes, I have it.
Y Te6i M0C5 nepO? Do you have my pen [point)?
- )l;a, y Mem. Yes, I do.
- .!la, oU,6 y MeHR. Yes, J have it.
Y re6li MOK TeTpfuI,H? Do you have my notebooks?
- Aa, y Mel:Ul:. Yes, I do.
- Aa, OIlK y Melli. Yes, I have them.
Y sac cer6,llHJ1 3D<lMeH? Do you have an exam today?

- Ali, y HaC cer6,lUul 3oaMeH. Yes, we have an exam today.
Y sac cer6,llHJ1 1IeICUHR? Do you have a lecture today?
- )l;a, y HaC cer6.ItHR JleK1UUI. Yes, we have a lecture today.
Y MC cer6l{HH co6pallHe? Do you have a meeting today?
- )l;a, y HaC cer6.11HJI co6piIrne. Yes, we have a meeting today.
Y BaC cer6,lUU1 3K3aMeHbI? Do you have examinations today?
- Aa, y HaC cer6JU1R 3103.MeHbl. Yes, we have examinations today.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the models after your instructor or the tape until you are familiar with the patterns.
REPETITIONSUBSTITUTION DRILL
We do have cucumbers.
T: Y HaC ecn. oryPuhl.
s: Y HaC ecn. 0I'yplIW.
(60pl.l.t, Kama, 'laM, ([<$e. cene.ltl:a, MD-
1IOXO, pbi:6a. TeJI$H. I:JIIO<[H, CJ10saPb)
ISO l.fSSON8
I. Do you IUlve a pencil? 2. Do you have fish?

Yes, I do. Yes, we have fish.
T: Y Te6li ecn. x:apaww? T: Y sac ten, phl6a?
11'
S: ....... ecTlo.
J
s: )li. y Hlle ecn. pWtia.
T: Y Te6li ecn. KllH:ra? T: Y sac ten. oryp~?
s: .lI.li. ecn.. s: )li. y ..ae ecn. 0I')'plIhI.
(P)"llta. HO*, TeTpa.D.b, aTnac. nopnPem>, (CTonbi. aTnac, KapTa EBPOnbl, Kapau-
MonoIo, 6opm. ceneAICa) ,I1aWH, KHHnt, TeTp3JlH. Marepl-laJI Ha
MaThe)
3. Do you have a pencil? 4. Do we havefish?

Yes, I have a pencil. Yes. we do.
T: Y re6li ecn. KapanJlA.w? T: Y HaC teTb pbi6a 1
s: .all, y Men ecrb kapaH,Ilam. s: .lI.a, ecn..
T; Y re6li eCTb py'l.x:a? T: Y HaC ten. KJIJOIfH?
s: )la,y Memi ecrb PY'Ika. 5' ,lla, ecn..
(KUHTa, re:rpMb, lIonka, nopT~JU., (Kap1'a EBPOIIhl, BHJlKH, JlO)KKH, KapTa
Kop06Ka, TeTpMH. HO*) Kl-ll'all, kHHr1f, KapaHJ{aW.H, nepbg)
QUBSTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Do you have my keys? 2. Do you have my notebook?

Yes, I do. Yes, I have it.
T: MOR KJJI()'lH Y re6li? T: Y re6li MOJii ~1
s: .lI.a. y Metn1. s: )la, OIIa y Memi.
T: MOH XJDO'iH Y K03J1oea? T: Y Te6Ji Moa aTnac 1
s: .lI.a.. y Hero. s: .all, 6H y Me:tni.
(y uee. y HHX. Y Bac. y Hero, y re6S1, (MOg p)"lKa, MOR J:apTa KHTaJI, Moli HOX,
y Bn3.lUiMHpa, Y HHHbI) MOI-l nHcbMa. Moe nl-lCbMO, MOX Jlo:lllll:a.
Moe CO'(HHeHHe, MO" npaH,L{aw)
3. What do you have now, history? T: 41'6 y re6i reDepb, xMMHJI?

Yes, I have history now. s; )la, y Metlli Teoepb xHMHJI.
T: lho y re6li Tenepb, HCT6pH1I:? (JIOaMeH, co6paHHe, ypoK DeHHR. HCTO-
s: .lI.a. y Mewi Tellepb HCTOptlSl. pHJI, MaTeMaTHXa, JlHTepaTypa, lH3Hka,
reorpaqlH.lI)
DISCUSSION
The concept to have is most commonly expressed in Russian by means of the preposition y
plus the genitive case form of tbe noun or pronoun to indicate the possessor. The thing bad or
possessed is in the nominative case and is the grammatical subject of tbe Russian sentence.
Y sac tcTb KDJira ? Do you have a book? (Lit. By you is a book?)
- Y MeHli ecn. xllUra. 1 have a book.
Y HaC tcTb pw6a. We have fish or We do have fish.
Y BaC tcTb orypubl:? Do you have cucumbers?
- )la, eCTb. Yes, we do.
Y Bna.uHMHpa ec-rb nopTlf>enb. Vladimir has a briefcase.
LE'SSON 8 lSI
en. is required in those constructions where the speaker wisbes to establish or affirm the
presence or existence of the subject under discussion. If it is used in the question it must be repeated
in the answer. It is omitted when some other part of the sentence is focused on.
'ho y Te6R renepb, pjCCK'HH R3b1K? What do you have now, Russian?
- H6T, Y MeHR reDepb MCTOpMll. No, I have history now.
Y aae MOH CJlosApb? Do yOIl have my dictionary?
Y sac Moii CJIOBapb? Do you have my dictionary?
Y sac CJI0Bap.. ? Is it a dictionary you have?
To have had in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the past tense

MODELS
Y sac 6btn ::noaMell? Did you have an exam?

_ _ _ ypbK? _ _ _ _ _ a lesson?
_ _ _ _ yp6K nemf}!? _ _ _ _ _ a singing lesson?
_ _ _ _ aHrmHicKHH fl3b1K? _ _ _ _ _ English?
_ _ _ _ PYCCKlfH H3brK? _ _ _ _ _ Russian?
Y sac 6blJ1a JleKu,lf$l? Did y~)U have a lecture?

_ _ _ _ lfCTOplUf? _____ history?
~ MareM3TKKa? _____ mathematics?
_ _ _ _ reorpallUf? _____ geography?
_ _ _ _ JlHrepa:rypa? _____ literature?
y sac 6blJlO co6paHHe? Did you have a meeting?

_____ CO'tHHeHHe? _ _ _ _ _ a composition?
_ _ _ _ neHHC? _ _ _ _ _ singing?
y sac 6buJH 3k33MeHbl? Did you have exams?

____ WO KH ? _____ lessons?
_ _ _ _ co6p3JIJUI? _____ meetings?
_____ JlCkllHII? _____ Iectures?
_____ 3<lIlRTHSI? _____ classes?
RepeTITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, nOling that for the past lense the appropriate form of 6wJJ, 6blJ1a. 6wJJo.
or 6WtH must be used to agree with the noun denoting the thing had or possessed .
I. Did you a/ready have an exam? 2. Did you have exams yesterday?
Yes, we did. Yes, we did have exams yesterday.
T: Y BaC r-e 6bm 3oiMeH? T: Y sac B'lepa 6buuf 30aMeHbI?
s: 11... 6WI. S: 11li, y HaC B"lep:i 6Y.rut 3JOaMeu:Y.
T: Y sac y:Jt.e 6bUlo co6paHlte? T: Y sac B'lepa 6w wOk?
s:)li, 6Wto. S: 11li, y de B'lep8 lWn yp6K'.
(neKU,HJl, ypok nelUUl, reorpalHJI, (c06pamte, ypoKH, neklUUl, HCTOpIDI.
3K33MeHbl, lH3Hll:a, MaTeMaTHIa. XHMIDl) mrreparypa, 31OaMeH, PYCCKHH 1I3blK.
33.1I$lTHJI)
152 LESSON 8
I. I have a box. 2. We're having a meeting loday.

I had a box. We had a meeting today.
T; Y MeHJI 6cn. Kop66Ka. T: Y "lic cer6.nlUl co6paHHe.
s: Y Memi 6h1J1i KOpOO...-a. s: Y Hic ttr6LUU1 fibulo co6pi.uHe.
T: Y MeRJi: ecTb nOpTlI>eJlb. T: Y HaC cerO~llJI neHlie.
s: Y Met(li 6blJl nopTcfCnb. s: Y Hic cer6)l1U1 6b1JJO oeHMe.
(KapaH~alll, n6JIKa, nepo, py'lKa, Tel"paJtH, (PYCCKI1H J13bIK, JK3aMell, JlOaMellbl,
110)1(, HO:lKll, KJUO'l, lUllO'lll) CO'lMllelllle, ypoK, phl6a, 6opm, Kawa)
I. We had an exam, did you? 2. Did you already have singing?

So did we. Yes, I did.
T: Y lIac 6wJI JlOaMeH, a Y B{IC? T: Y Te6li 'j>KC 6bmo nCHlle?
s: Y lIlic TO"lKe 6blJl. s: lI.a, 6w.o.
T: Y Ilac 6b1J]a JICKUJ.HI, a y sac? T: Y Te6Ji: )"KC 6b1J]a MaTeMaTHKa?
s: Y Hie To*e 6b1Jui. s: lla. 6b1JJa.
(JlOaMellbl, CO'lHHeUHe, Pycclnrn J13b1K, (neHHe, ypoKH, HCTOpMJI, <pH3ltKa, XHMH.II,
neUIle, IICTOpHJI. reorpa<pHJI, co6paHHe, CO~MHeHlJe)
J3.IIJi1THJI)
(a meeling) Whal did you have yeslerday?

We had a meeling.
T: (co6palUle) 4TO y BaC B'Iepa 6wno?
'S: . Y HaC 6wJlO c06piuHe.
T: (3I03.Melll>i) 4TO y sac B'lepa 6bmo?
s: Y HaC 6bvrH ;nnbletlbl.
(PYCCICHii Jl3bDl:, J3.1IJ1T1U1 B na60paTopHH,
CO'lHfleHHe, neHIle, neKUHJI. 1'3601"3 B
na6opaTopHH)
DISCUSSION
To express the concept 10 haw! in the past tense in an affirmative sentence, Russian uses the
appropriate fonn af 6WI, 6wJla, 6Woo, or 6ba.'IlI to agree with the grammatical subject, i.e., the thing
""d.
Y HaC 6bUI 66pw. We had borsch.
_ _ 6Wla phl6a. _ _ fish.
_ _ 6ht.no co6pallHe. _ _ _ a meeting.
___ 6hlnH JK3aMeHbJ. _ _ _ exams.
The most typical affinnative response to questions using this construction is a short answer
containing tbe confirming roi plus the appropriate verb form.
Y Te6Ji: 6bt.n Jk33Meu? Did you have an exam?
-.ni, 6bUI. Yes, I did.
t.f$()N 8 153
The genitive singular of nouns
MODELS
3TO KJIw<Ul: npo4Jeceopa. These are the professor's keys.

_____ BaXTepa. ____ the custodian's __.
_ _ _ _ pCKTOpa. ____ the chancellor's __.
_ _ _ _ 6pfna. ____ Brother's __.
_____ BJIa.D:w.mpa. ____ Vladimir's __.
_ _ _ _ _ HllKOJlb. ___ Nikolay's __.
_____ ylIl:TCmr. ____ the teacher's __.
r,lJ,e KJIlO'IH ceCTpbT? Where are Sister's keys?

_ _ _ _ _ )"fHTeJlhIlHLU./? ____ the teacher's __ ?
_____ npO.a.aBUl:HLU>I? ____ the saleslady's __ ?
_ _ _ _ y66plUHl.J;b1? ____ the cleaning lady's __ ?
_____ aMCpl1K<lHKH? ____ the American woman's __ ?
_ _ _ _ Maplin? ____ Maria's __ ?
CnpOCK HaC'IeT nHcbM~L Ask about the letter.

_ _ _ _ _ _ oKua. _ _ _ _ the window.
_ _ _ _ _ _ MOJlOxa. ____ the milk.
_ _ _ _ _ _ neHH.If. ____ the singing.
_ _ _ _ _ _ CQ'H1HeHHR. ____ the composition.
______ o6wc)fdITlliI. ____ the dormitory.
_ _ _ _ _ co6paHHJ'I. ____ the meeting.
TABLE OF GENITIVE SINGULAR ENDlNGS
CTOJI- and oKHo-class nouns )Kemi-class nouos Luu:ipb-c1ass nouns
-R 0' -R -'" 0' -" -"

CTomi
TeJle4>6H3
31l0HK8 }"Uh=o
...
HHKOJlatl :lKCuW
KapTW
"""'J'Y
rluuo
KOJIH
MapHH
llBCpH
6"l.epeJtH
6",..
cry,aeHTa DJIaThH EBpOlILI Hcr6pHH TeTJ'luuo
,aena co6paIDfH H_ KliWH
OKRa CO'lHHemut KHHfH
nepa Kop66K11
nHCbM8 cry.n.eHTKH
Notes
I. CToJl-c1ass nouns ending in -L and -ii and oKHo-c1ass nouns ending in -c or -e in the nomina-
tive singular take -II in the genitive singular. All other CTOJl- and oKHo-c1ass nouns take -8 in the
genitive singular. OKHo-class nouns have the same ending as in the nominative plural, but the stress
may differ. Compare nHCLMa (nominative plural) with nHCbMa (genitive singular) and .!teJlli (nomina-
tive plural) with ,Il,ena (genitive singular).
154 LI!SSON 8
2. JKetlli~ and .ltBipb-class nouns have tlie same ending in the genitive singular as in the nomina-
tive plural. BUI note thai with *eaa-c1ass nouns, the stress may differ. Compare *eKLI (nominative
plural) with :litem:. (genitive singular) and ckJpw (nominative plural) with ct!CT'pW (genitive singular).
REPETITION DRtLL
Repeat the above models after your instructor or the tape un IiI you are familiar with the pattern of
genitive singular endings.
(Kurochkin) Whose briefcase is that?

Kurochkin's.
T: (Kjpo'lxHH) Yeit :iTo nop~b?
s: Kjpo'tKIUIa.
T: (Bna.a.H:MHp) qeit no nOJ'llPCnb?
s: 811anKMHpa.
(HuBa, K03JIoa, HHtconaH, y'lUTeJlb,
aMeplUCaHeu, Opnoa, aMepUXal1JCa, l1aall,
Mapml)
INTEGRATION DRILLS
I. This is a book. This is a student. 2. This is a dictionary. This is the teacher.

This is a student's book. This is the teacher's dictionary.
T::no XHHra::no CTYllCHT. T: 3To CJl0eapb. 3To )"IHTeJ1b.
s: :no Kmira CT)'JJ,eHTa. s: :ho CJlOBapb )"IHTenlil.
T: 3TO xapaH)),aw. 3TO Opnoa. T: 3TO KapTa. 3TO KUTaii.
s: :ho Kapaww 0p110sa. s: :ho KBPTa Kn8ll.
3TO TeTp3Jn.. 3To Bna.luThfHp. 3TO KJUO<fH. 31'0 HHKonaH.
3To nopTle.rn>. 3TO npocl:lf:ccop. 3TO J>C3ynbTaTbl. 3TO co6paHHC.
:fro pa66Ta. :fro 'l'Y3MH. 3TO IC3pTa. 3To Eepcma.
3To CTYllCHTbl. ::no npo4leccop Opnos. 3T0 arnac. 3To EBreHKii.
:ho CO"HUeHHe. 3To K03JIOB. 3To yq:Hre.nb. :no wxona.
31'0 py'lxa. :no aMcplUCaHcu.
3TO KHHra. 31'0 npo.o.aBlltHua.
3TO CTaK3.H. :ho MonolCO.
3. Here's a briefcase. Here's a teacher. 4. This is a dictionary. This is a professor.

Here's a teacher's briefcase. This is the professor's dictionary.
T: B6T nopTlfl6lb. BOT )"IJITem,HHua. T: 31'0 CJI0Bapb. :ho npolCccop.
s: BOT DOpT+emo )"OiTCJlbBt.uw. s: :ho CJIOUpb npo+eccopa.
T: B6T y66plllHlta. BOT wr:ona. T: 3TO nopT~. 3-ro Komi.
s: BOT yOOpdlMlUl UU\Mw. s: :no DOPT+em- KOmi.
B6T dpTa. BOT EBpana. :ho CTOn. :ho MapJiR.
BOT llBCpb. B6T aY.lUtTOpIDI. 3TO paOOnt. :'no rAJUI.
BM y'llhCJIb. B6T rprnna. :ho olSen. 3To KonSl.
BOT OKHO. B6T aMepHlCaHJCa. 3TO Oma. 3TO 6ll6JIHOTCKa.
BM KHHra. BOT npOJJ,aBUJ.Hua. 3TO lllIaThC. :no npo.o.aBll.tHtla.
BOT nnaThe. BOT HHHa. 3TO CJI0eapb. 3-ro rAJUI.
B6T BHnKa. BOT MHna. :fro mpH. :fro rYM.
BOT 'IawKa. BOT 'Iaii.
LESSON 8 155
5. Here's the library. Here's the university. 6. The teacher is here. But where is her husband?
Here's the university library. Where's the teacher's husband?
T: BOT 6H6JlHOreK3. BOT yaHBepcHTth. T: Y'fHTeJlbHHll,a TYT. A r,lJ,e ee M'Y'K?
s: BOT 6n6J1HOTeKa YHHBepcHTiiTa. s: r.ll.e My'" )"UITeJ1h1lHULI?
T; BOT KHura. B6T y'llfTeJlh. T: npCxpeccop OpJloa TYr. A r,Oc ere
S: BOT IrnHr8 rufyeJUl. CTy.uCIITbl ?
BOT nopTleJlb. BOT np<xPeccop KyPo'iKHR. s: r.ll.e CTY.II.eHTb.l llpolj)eccopa OpIlOBa?
BOT Kapra. B6T 3,ua.lHe. BJIa,uHMlfp TYr. A r.ne ero ceCTpa?
BOT KmfrH. BM HHKOJlaH. K03J1oa TjT. A nre ero 6ph?
BOT CO'fHHeHlle. BOT EarellliH. YqlfTeJlb XHTpOB TjT. A r.ne era iKeHa?
BOT CTy,ueHTbJ. BOT npoleccop OpJIOa. HHKOJl:rn TYr. A r.ll.e ero 6paT?
BOT MaTepHi.rIhJ:. BOT co6paHHe. HHHa T)h. A r.ne ee MYx?
BOT 'farnKa. BOT KO<f.te. MapH}! TjT. A r.ne ee Y'fHTeJlb?
DISCUSSION
Unlike the prepositional case, the genitive is used both with and without a preposition. Used
without a preposition, it indicates 3 relationship of possession or descriptive limitation.
My)l( ceCTpbJ sister's husband
KRura Haana Ivan's bqok, a book of Ivan's
py.uca Mapu" Maria's pen, a pen of Maria's
KapTa EapOlIhJ a map of Europe
napOn KHTb the people of China
y'BfTeJ1b neHltH a singing teacher, a teacher of singing
)'pOX reorpamH a geography lesson
cTaxaH MOllOK;} a glass of milk
Note that, unlike the English possessive, the Russian genitive normally follows the noun in-
dicating what is possessed or described.
The genitive of KTO, 'ITO, and the personal pronouns

MODELS
Y aae ec-rb CJI0napb? Do you have a dictionary?

Y Te6H ec-rb CJI0aapb? Do you have a dictionary?
Y Koro MO" ATnac? Who has my atlas?
- Y MOO. I do.
- Y Hero. He docs.
- Y nee. She does.
- Y HaC. We do.
- Y Rlix. They do.
HaC'feT "lero OHII cnpalllHaaJUi? What was it they were asking about?
NOM
Tbl 6H
oHa
OHa Mbl Sbl oUlI KTa 6
GEN MellM re6M ero (Hero) ee (Hee) HaC aac IIX (HUX) Kor6 "era
156 LE.'iSON 8
The alternate third person pronouns, uet'"o, H~ and mix. are used only when the personal pro-
nouns are preceded by a preposition: y Hero, Y H~ and y KIix. Note that r in en). Hero. KorO. and 'fef'"O
is pronounced [vJ: Uivo], [Q-ivo], [kavo], and [~ivol.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor or tbe tape.
QUESTION-ANSWBR DRILLS
I. Where is he, at th~ university? 2. And where are you going, to a lecture?
Y~s, he has exams today. Yes, I hav~ history now.
T: r.Qe OU, B YHH.BepcHrere? T:: A BbI xy.ni, H8 JlexLtHlO?
s: )la. y uero ceroJnlJl ::nOaMetibl. S: .ali., y MetUi ceii'l8.c HCTOpHliI.
T: rJJ.e omi, B YHHBepcHTthe? T: A OHK kyJJ.3, H8 lIeKltHIO'1
s: )la. y uee CerO)1lUiI 3K18MettLiI. s: )la, y nHX CetNac HCTOpHH.
(ORU, KHpKJl.ll, raJI5l, CTYJJ.eHTbl:) (J1pHlIa, Tbl, Baw CT)'J.l.eHT, Tl1051 cecTp8,
KOlUl, TBOH 6p8ThJl, HpltH8 H raJIst)
3. What does Galya have now?

She has history now.
T: LITO Y ranH Tenepb?
S: Y Hee TeoePb Hcrop....
T: 1ho Y Te6li Tenepb?
s: Y MemI TeoePb HcroPIUiI.
(y HUX, YKOJll.f, Y Hac, y K03Jlooa, YBac)
I. (We) Who has Russian now? 2. (They) Who has my dictioTJlUy?

We do. They have your dictioTJlUY.
T: (Mba) Y kO(6 Tenepb PYCCk.rn st3bu:? T:: (omi) Y xorb MOB c.noaapb?
Y .uic. S: Y iIIItx.
"
T: (oua) Y koro Tenepb PYCCKHlI Jl3huc? T: (on) Y Korb Moil c.nOBapb'1
Y mix. S: Y Hero.
" (Bbl, OHa, st, OU, OHH, TbI, MbI, OKH, OU) (OHa, Bbl, OH, 51, MbI, OHH)
1. Vladimir has the key. 2. My sister has an at/as.

He has the key. She has an at/as.
T: KruO'I Y BJla.z:tHMHpa. T: Y cecTpi>l ecn.
3.T1I8C.
S:: Kmo'l y Hero. S:: Y Hee ecn. aT naco
T:: K1II0'l y ceCTpbl. T:: Y HKKOJlaa ecn. 3.TJl8C.
s: KJDi>q y aee. S: Y Hero ecn.
aTJIaC.
(y CT)'.QeHTa, y *eElhl, y KonH H r3.JIH, (y KOJlH H r3.JIH, y fl1060BH, YCTy.QeHTa,
y 6paTa, Y K1>3JIoBa H CeMeHOBa, y Y CeMeHa, y CeMeHOBa, y K031l0Ba H
Hm:oll8JI., y MapHH) CeMeHOBa, y BJlaD.HMHpa)
LESSON 8 157
QUEST10NANSWER DRILLS
I. Is Ga/ya at classes? 2. Do you have Russian now?

No, she has a meeting now. No, J hatle singing.
T: rami Ha 3aHRTH$!X? T: Y sAc Tenepb pyCCKHH $!JbIK?
s: Hh, y llee ceii'lic co6pbHe. s: Her, y MeHIi TeuCpb uCHMe.
T: Haall Ha 3aHRTIUIX? T: Y I1PHHbI renepb pyccKnH $!JbrK?
s: Her, y aero ce....ac co6pliHMe. s: Hh, y Bee Teuepb uCHMe.
(HHHa, ee cecrpa, HJur:OJlaH, OHH, HpUHa" (y Men$!, y Hac, y BnaJUtMltpa, Y HHX)
Jlea, CeMeHoa, CTy.neHT, JlI060ab, KOmi,
Sopite, Maplt$!)
The genitive case in OeT constructions

MODELS
Koro J.necb HeT? Who isn't here? or Who's missing?

- laecb UCT KOJJlosa. Kozlov isn't here.
_ _ _ _ _ HHIoJlaJi. NiJcolay _
_ _ _ _ KoJiH. Kolya _
_ _ _ _ H ....... Nma _
_ _ _ _ MapiiH. Maria _
68 JAe<:b? Is he here?
- Hth, era uth. No, he isn't.
Qna J.necb '! Is she here '!
- HeT, ee neT. No, she isn't.
Sopma 60JlbWe 8CT. There's no more borsch.
Xn<60 _ _ _ _ _ _ bread.
ya. _ _ tea.
MOJloxa _ _ _ _ _ _ milk.
PbJ6w _ _~_ _ fish.
Kawlt _ _ kasha.
Cene.nKIt _ _ herring.
Y sac luh KapaH,n:awa? You don't have a pencil, do you?

_ _ _ _ fnJlaca '! ______ an alias ?
_ _ _ _ cJloaapJi? ________ a dictionary_1
_ _ _ uepa? ______ a pen ?
_ _ _ _ MOJlod? _____ milk '?
_ _ _ _ KAPTbl EBpOnbl? ______ a map of Europe _ _1
____ TeTp:l.n.H? ______ a notebook ?
_ _ _ _ KHHrH? _____ a book ?
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape), noting that the subject of sentences
using neT is always in the genitive case in Russian.
158 LESSONS
REPETITlONSTRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
These drills should first be perfonned as simple repetition drills, then repeated as structure replace-
ment drills.
I. The map is on the table. 2. Professor Orlol' is here.
There isn't any map 011 the table! Professor Or/ol' isn't here.
T: KapTa Ha crone. T: npoleccop Opnos 3Jl.ecb.
S: Kapn.l aeT na crone! s: npo+ecroPa OpnOaa 3.nea,. aero
T: PW6a ua crone. T: 6H 3Aea..
s: PW6w aeT na crone! s: Ero ~b BeT.
(HO*, Kama, mtChMO, xop06s:a, '1aH, nepo, (y6opUJ;lll.Ul, oua, 6paT, MapHJI, au,
nopnt>enb, CO'IHHeHHe, SKJlxa, c.nosapb) Mawa, oua, YKpaHoeu., au, KomI, ou,
Hltkonaii)
3. Do you have a mop of China?

You don't have a map of China, do you?
T: Y sac ecrb KAPTa Kl1n\.H?
S: Y sac ReT dpThl KHTaK?
T: Y sac ecn. HO;g?
S: Y RaC Her Ho....li?
(X.1110'l, aTnac, py'tKa, TeTpan.b, kapTa
AMepKKI1, uJlca4l, Kop06ka, nepo, c.no-
sapb)
I. (Kozlov) Who's net here yet? 2. (phone) What's missing here?

Kozlov. There's no phone here.
T: (Ko3JIbs) Korb ewe Hn? T: (TeJ1ex>H) qer6 3J1ecb Her?
S: Her KO").'1oBa. s: ].aea, Hh Te.'u~4KMta.
T: (HHHa) Korb ewe Her? T: (Monox6) \.fer6 3J1Ccb Her?
s: Her HMHw. S: ].nec.. ae-r MOJIO"'.
(8nazuiMlIp, rUITeJJbHHua, HHKomlli, (nonxa, CT}'JI, 3Tnac, c.no8apb, 38000K,
np<.>leceop Opn6s, I1sau, MY. MapUH, IC.JlJO'I, HO*, x.ne6, cyon)
Y'lHTeJJb, y66pwuua, 6paT HHHhI)
1. Where's thefish? 2. Is Koziol' here?

There isn't any fish left. No, Koziol' isn't here.
T: r.ne pbi6a? T: K03JIOS 3J1eo.?
s: PW6w 66m.we IteT. s: Her, KOJJloBa 3lI.kb ner.
T: rAt 'tau? T: K YPO'IXHH :meeb?
S: qill oom.we aer. s: Her, Kj~ :J,ltea. aer.
(Kawa, 60pw., ceneAxa, Monoxo, xne6) (HuHa, KOD, pelITOp, saxTtp, npocl)6ccop
OpnOB, OlTer, MapHJI, HJuconaH,
KHpIlJlJl)
l.fSSON 8 159
3. Do you have a map of Europe? 4. Is Kozlov here?
No, I don't have a map of Europe. Kozlov is absel1/ (or missing) today.
T; Y Hac eCTh KlipTa EBp6nbl? T: K03JI08 3.nCcb?
S; Hb, y Metui lIeT KlipThI EBp6IJh1. s: K03JJo8a cerOAH1I HeT.
T: Y HaC eCTb aTJlac? T: HUKOJIau 3.o,Ccb?
S: HeT, y Metui Hb linaca. s: HHKOJIRH cerO)llllil HCT.
(cnoaapb, KJlJO'l, nepo, nOpTepe.nb, TeJle- (KoJIJl, Bna,lI;llMHp, HeaD, Oml, XHrpoB,
<pOll, TCTpa.rtb, ceCTpa, 6paT) MapWl:, EOplfC, HHHa, Kypo'lKlfH)
5. Is there a library there?

No, there's no library there.
T: TaM 6cn, 6lf6J1lfOTeKa?
S: HeT, TSM UCT 6116JJHOTeK:H.
T; TaM eCTb nO'ITa?
S: Hb, riM HCT uO'ITbI.
(3a8o.n, yfumepcU'reT, o6w:e)f(IITHe, 3aJl,
UIKona, TeJTeq,OH, Mara3HH, aYAHTOpWl:,
KJIy6, KHOCK, Jla6opaToplfR)
DISCUSSION
HCT means both flO (as the opposite of Ali) and there is (or. are) no or there isn'/ (or aren't) any.
Historically it comes from a combination of He plus Ccrb.
When HeT i~ used in constructions with the genitive it focuses on the lack or absence of the
subject. It differs from constructions using the nominative plus He, where the focus is not on the
absence but on some other element of the sentcnce.
Compare Ero 3AeCb ner. He's not here (Le., he's missing or absent).
with Oil lie 3Aecb, a B ropo.ne. He's not here; he's in town.
The genitive case in past tense He 6b1JJO constructions

MODELS
Koro TaM He 6bLI1o? Who wasn't there (i.e., who was missing)?
- TaM He 6blJIO K03nOBa. Kozloy wasn't there.
_______ HHKomiR. Nikolay _
_ _ _ _ _ _ KOnn. Kolya _
_ _ _ _ _ _ MapffiJ. Maria _
_ _ _ _ _ _ HMnbl. Nina _
_ _ _ _ _ 6nH. Olya _
Era T3.M He 6blJlO? Wasn't he there?

- HeT, He 6b1Jto. No, he wasn't.
Ee TaM He 6b11l0? Wasn't she there?
- HeT, He 6b11l0. No, she wasn't.
\.ferD TaM He 6bl1l0? What was missing? or What wasn't there?
- T3.M lIe 6hrJlO 6opma. There wasn't any borsch.
_ _ _ _ _ _ lfaJ'l. _ _ _ _ _ _ tea.
_ _ _ _ _ _ xlle6a. _ _ _ _ _ _ bread.
_______ MoJtod. - - - - milk.
160 LESSON 8
- TaM He 6blJIO pbl6w. There wasn't any fish.
_ _ _ _ _ _ KaWH. _ _ _ _ _ _ kasha.
_______ ceJIe./l.Kll. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ herring.
Y Meuli lie 6blJIO Kapall.naWa. I didn't have a pencil.

_______ 3.TJIaca. _ _ _ _ _ an atlas.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CJlooapli. _____ a dictionary.
_ _ _ _ _ _ nopT<peJlJl. _ _ _ _ _ a briefcase.
_ _ _ _ _ _ neptl. _ _ _ _ a pen.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ cO':IHHeHllil. _ _ _ _ _ a composition.
_ _ _ _ _ _ KapTbl EopOObI. _ _ _ _ _ a map of Europe.
_ _ _ _ _ Tell''''". _ _ _ _ _ a notebook.
_______ IClufnt. _ _ _ _ .book.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape), noting that for the past tense ae 6b1J1O
corresponds to tth of the present and that here too the subject is in tbe genitive case. He 6101..'10 is
pronounced with a single stress which falls on ae: [Q.ebil~].
REPETITIONSTRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. There's nofish. 2. We don't ha~'e (any] work.

There was no fish. We didn't have [any) work.
T: Pbl6b1 Her. T: Y uac neT pa66Tb1.
s: PW6w ..e 6woo. s: Y wie ..e 6wno pa66Tb1.
T: AaT66yca neT. T: Y uac Her kJlYGa.
S: AJrr66yca He 6WJiO. S: Y HaC Hi 61.1110 ..-:Jlj6a.
(MaTepHana. O<fepeAH. nopT<PeJuI, C1IO (C06paHIDI, )"lHTemI, KapTbl CCCP. Te1Ie-
Rap xapTbi KJtTIUl. ICOp06kH, pa60Tbl. $olla. 6n6nllOTeICH. ayJnITopllH. 3X3a-
Gopilla, C06paHHJI) Mella, ypm::a. neKWfll)
1. Was the custodian there? 2. Did you have a meeting?

No. he wasn't. No. we didn't have a meeting.
T: BaXTep TaM 6bUl'? T: Y BaC 6blJlO co6pauHe?
s: Her, en) He 6wno. S: HeT, y Hlic He 6L1J1o C06paHHJI.
T: Erb iKe",l TAM 6b1J1a '? T: Y oac 6blJJ yp6K nemU! '?
s: Hh, ee He 6b1no. S: Hk, y HaC lie 6wno yp6Ka nCRH1I.
(KoJIlI II raJIJI, Baw Mj')I(, ee GpaT, oua. (paGon. neKU,WI, HCTOPHJI, 3K3aMeH.
ou, Ollll, npoll.aBUUtLl3, !lauJ CTYAeHT) kJllO'I, aTJlaC, CO'lHHeHHe)
3. Was there borsch?

No, there wasn't.
T: D6pl1.l 6w '?
s: Her,..e 6WJIo.
T: PbtGa 6b1J13.?
s: Hn, He 6wJIo.
(3k3aMeH. kawa, 6oplll, ce.n~. xexpe.
06eJl, ypok neHHJI, XJleG, O':lepeJlb, 380110':.
co6paHHe)
LESSON 8 161
RESPONSE DRILL
Kozlov wasn't there.

Who wasn't there?
T: K03JI6Ba T3.M He 6b1JlO.
s: KonS liM He 6blJ1o?
T: A.TJlaca T3.M He 6bU10.
s: "fenS riM..e 6W11O?
(o<tepeJJ.H, KOllH, nOpTlemI, HHKoJlaJI,
KM<X%a, BnaJlHMKpa, lCapTbl 1CKraJI,
HHHbl)
I. There was fish on the table. 2. We had a meeting yesterday.

There wasn't anyfish on the table. We didn't have a meeting yesterday.
T: Ha CTOne 6b1Jll't pbi6a. T: Y HaC B'Iepa 6bUlO c06pllHHe.
S: Ha CTone He 6bUlO pw6b1. s: Y lI1ic .'<tepa He 6bU1o Coop,"HH.
T: Ha crone 6buI ooe.ll. T: Y HaC Btfepa 6bl.n 30aMeH.
S: Ha CTOJIe He 6blJ1o 06ba. S: Y HaC B'lep8 He 6b1J1o ;)l(lAMeua.
(<taM., Kawa, MonolCo, nO.llapOli;:, COfI1 (XHMH.lI, MareManlICa, kOltLtepT, !H3Hka,
HeHHe, cene,nxa, xne6, CJlosapb, p)"lICa, YPOlC neiuul, nexuiUl, HCTOPH.ll)
aTnac, Man.e)
3. I had a dictionary.
I didn't have a dictionary.
T: Y MeHJI 6bl.n CJlOsapb.
S: Y Memi He 6wto cnoupti.
T: Y MeHJi 6b1.Jl3 kHHra.
s: Y Men Hi 6wto 1aIIinl.
(ypo1C, nemte, reorpa4)iUI, JleDJ;IDI, 303-
Men, HCTOpIDI, ypok !H3HJ;U, mnepa
Typa)
1. I have a pencil.
T: Y MeKJi ecn. KapaHmlw.
S: Y Metd ecn. KapaJtJ.t8w.
T: (HtT) _
S: Y Me:tni Her ..... paJ:IJJ.awi.
_ _ (ten.) _ _
_ _ (He 6blJlO) _ _"
~.o- (ten.) - -
(Y T<6') _
---(=pa;u.).
_ _ (HtT) _
_ _ (ten.) _
_ _ (He 6blJlO) _
_ _ (ten.) _
162 LESSON 8
2. He has a briefcase. Y He~ ecTh KapTa.
T: Y Hero ecn. nopTlenb. _ _ (HeT) _
s: Y Hero ecn. DOPT+em- _ _ (ecn.) _ _
T: (",!T) _ _ _ (lie 6blJIo) _ _
s: Y Hero uer DOpT+en., _ _ (ecn.) _ _
_ _ (ue6"",o) _ . (TiMl _
_ _ (UOT) _ _ ()<uCPb).
_ _ (ecn.) _ _ __(HOT) .
_ _ (He 6"",o) _ . _ _ (ecn.) _ _.
_ _ (ecn.) _ _ _ _ (He 6"",0) _
(YHee) _ __(ecn.) _ _
_ _ _ _ ("pTa).
DISCUSSION
Hk of the present tense is replaced in the past tense by ue 61>1110 in constructions focusing on
the absence of a thing or person. The noun or pronoun indicating the missing thing or person is in
the genitive case.
However, the nominative may be used for the subject (together with He plus 6w, 6b1J1a, 6wo,
or 6WJH) if the focus is not on the absence itself, but on same other element of the sentence.
Compare HHHa .a.aslio He 6b1JI3 B KJJj6e. Nina hasn't been at the club in a long time.
with HUHhl Ite 6hlJlO S KJlY6e. Nina wasn't at the club.
Compare J.1BAH 6bUi He lIa JleKIlHJI)I:, a lIa Ivan wasn't at lectures; he was at the
co6p3.HHH. meeting.
with HBaHa He 6b1J10 Ha co6pimrn. Ivan wasn't at the meeting.
LESSON 8 163
- f!iUt. T P-.1J ~ IV 6iM.- ? Jl-- #Ltm<:e. . .!11M--
1U-~, ?ur- ~ ~ p- 9"a,~, 'HLr Jt, ~
fU- r:f<u-. - JL ~ 6iM.- c4w- r- .1Ca.- ~.
-~, IJ' 't4. ~ ~ (- ad~ . - ~ <r
-t<i.M.. ~? o-~ F ~. - ~ ?UT Jt" ~/

f- O'<M. ~ ~. -~ J!. ~ 'W'fIu k om,.
.,<.Wtf<O" ~. - ~ <eaA<> I Jt.. ()'W<I. ~
164 LESSON 8
- KTO Y TeJlCPOUa? - Wean J.1a3HOBH'I Opnoa. - A, 3,l1;pasCTsyUTe, MeaH WBaHOBWI.
Kax npowen 3K33MeH? - O'lCHb xopawa. CTy.n.CHTbZ OTJlHlfHO H3llHcaJlH. - Pa,o. :no
cm..maTh. jf BH)I(Y, 'ITO HanIH CTyncHTbI MOJlOJJ.UbI.
- 0 IWM 81>1 r08opwre, 0 rpaHTe? - HCT. 0 K03JJooc. 08 ODJITb OTJlH'IHO HanDcaR.

- R CJIb(wan. 'iTO DB MOJlOnCQ. - )la. 3H3eTC 0 '!eM au HauHcan'l - He-r, He 3HaJO.
o IfeM'1 - 0 rpy3HHax Ii HX HCTOpHH. - BOT K3K! 3TO HHTepecHO. Mary JIM JI nOCMOT-
peTb? - KOHC'IHO. BOT era pa60T3.
- Jleepb OTXphlTa? - HeT. - A f):le TBOH KJn09? - B nopT<fx:JIe. - A nopT<l>e.nb

r.a:e? - B y"I-mcpcHTeTc. - Hy xopawa, Tor.na B03bMH MO KJIIO't. - CnacH6o.
- Y MClUI 33BTpa 3K3aMCH. r.e MOil: CJ100apb? - Ha CTonc. - Era Tyr ReT. - Tor.na,
MO)KCT 6bJTb, au H3 noJIXc. - He BIDKy. A, BOT OU, H3 CTyne.
LESSON 8 165
LESSON9
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION 3aMOJlBHTe 38 MeHR CJlOBC..KO!
3a MeHli for me, -in my behalf

CfI0Be'lKO (varof CfI0BO) word
JaMOJ1BKTb CfI0sC'IKO to put in a good word
3aMOJIBHTe 3a MeHJi CJlOBC'IKO! Put in a good word for me!
c or CO (plus gen) from, olT, since
cpa66Th1 from work
Db.! C pa66Th1 HJl.eTe? Are you coming from work?
3.apUcnl:yiiTe, Hw! C pa60Tw MeTe? Hello, Nina! Are you coming from work?
Her, Ii B ropcoBiTe 6blJ1a. No, I've been to the gorsovet.
KOMMan room
HiT, Ii ropcoBhe 6b1J1B., HaC*H:IT KOMHaTbi. No, I've been to the gorsovet about a room.
Ka"oi=i what, which

KaKoii KOMHllTbl? What room?
What's the matter?
J<HlBneHHe application
JaRBneHHe Ha KOMHaTy application for a room
no,uhb (pfv irreg) to give, serve, submit
no,uhb JaJlBneHlfe to submit an application
Ii nOJI.ami JaSlBJIeHHe Ha KOMHaT)'. I submitted an application for. a room.
:lUlATh (ipfv I) to wait
HMO irs necessary, one bas to
Haa.o d.JC .u.onro JKJt3Tb. You have to wait so long.
It OOllLllB. ~e ua II:OMHaTy, ItO H8JJ.O I submitted an application for a room, but
Tl..K A6Jrro :ll(I:Uin.. you have to wait so long.
BOT 'ITo! so that's it!
Ax, I16T 'ITo! Oh, so that's it!
,upyr (nom pi APYJbli) friend
XOp6WHH APYr good friend
167
TaM pa66Taer Moii XOpOWH" .npYr My good friend Alexccv works there.
AneKettB.
BMb [yi~1 (unstressed) after all, the thing is, as a matter of fact,
lHaeTe. SeAl. TiM paooTIleT MOM xop6uuti You know, as a matter of fact, my good
.apjr AAei'ceea. friend Alexeev works there.
'ITo aN roSOpHTc! You don't say!
MBaH I1BflHOBH<f, 3aMOllBHTe 3a Memi Ivan Ivanovich, put in a good word for me!
CJlOBe"lKO!
MHnblii kind, dear, nice
MBaH ltBauOBH't, MMJTbIK. 3llMMaHTe 33 MettH: My dear Ivan Ivanovich, put in a good word
CJlOBe"lKO! for me!
npe.D..1l0)((Kn, (pfv II) to suggest, propose
Ba., to you, for you
.st XOTen BAM no npe.D..1l0xHTb. I wanted to suggest that to you.
KaJC pb just, the very thing
11 ..~ pA3 XOTen .liM iTO DpeLVIoDn.. That's the very thing I wanted to suggest to
you.
601lbw6e cnacH60 thanks very much, thanks a lot
1io.'1bmOe BaM coaClii60! Thank yo'! very much!
'11'6 TaM! what for!
Hy "ITO TaM! Whatever for!
CTapblii old
CTaPble .npy.n,li old friends
Mba BeLlI> cTlipble APY3bli. We're old friends after all.
SUPPLEMENT
CJlOBO (pi CJloBli) word

~TO pyCCKoe cnOBO? Is that a Russian word?
peCTOpaH restaurant
BbI H.lte-re B peCToptm? Are you going to a restaurant?
TeaTp thealer
1i01lbw6ii l'eliTp the Bolshoi Theater
BbI u,nere B lioJlbllJoii Te3TP? Are you going to the Bolshoi Theater?
KBapTltp3 apartment
Y BaC ecrb KBapTHp3? Do you have an apartment?
.nOM house, building
::no sallJ .n6M? Is that your house? or Is tbat the building
where you live?
napK park
Ky.na 8b1 HlICTe? - B napK. Where are you going? To the park.
168 LESSON 9
33MOJlBHTe la Memi CJIOBe'IKO!
11.11. - I1Ball I1BaHoBHlf

H. - Hil.Ha
l1. 11. 1 3.a.paBCTByHTC. HHHa t zddlstujti Q-in~ 1

C pa60nl H.a.eTC? sraboti i\loti !
H. 2 HOT, Qet!
.Ii B ropCOBt':TC 6bIJIa. ja vgorsaye\i bil:ll
HaC'feT KOMHaTbJ. nasMt komn~ti !
11. 11. J KaKoi1: KOMHaTbJ? kakoj komn~ti !
B 'feM .a.CJIo? !Com ~eI, I
H. 4 jf no.a.a.mi 3aSlBJICHHC ja p~dala ~jivlcQj~
Ha KOMHaTy, nakomn~tu 1
lIO H3.,nO niK .a.OJIro n6 nad~ tag dol~
)t(,!(ciTb !I ,datI
11. 11. 5 Ax, BOT 'ITo! aX" vot st6 !
3HaCTC, znajiti !
BC.a.b TaM pa60TaCT yit tam rab6t~jit
MO" XOPOWHH .a.pYr AnCKCCCB. moj xarosij dnik alik~jif !
H. 6 Y:TO rOBOpHTc!
Dbl sto vi ~variti 1
HBaR I1BaHoBH'I, ivan ivanich !
MUJlbrn, ljIilij I
3aMOJIBHTC 3a MCHH CJIOBC'fKO! zamOlyi\i z~qliQa slayccb!
11. 11. 7 jf KaK pa3 XOTCJ:J ja kak ras xa\cl
B3M :ho npCLl,JIO:lKHTb. yam <t, pridlafit I
H. 8 60JIbW6c BaM cnacH-Go! balsoj~ vam spa~ib~ !
11. 11. 9 Hy 'fTO TaM! nu.5to tam!

M hi SC.a.b cTapblc .a.PY3bH! mt yit stariji d ru~ja 1
NOTES IIn order to obtain a room in a government-owned house, it is necessary

to apply to the regional soviet or, in this instance, to the city council ropcose-r.
Waiting lists are very long since housing is one of the major problems in the large
cities of the U.S.S.R.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION B ropCOBeTe
ceKpeTapb (m) secretary

6H Ham ceKpeTapb. He's our secretary.
OHa Ham ceKpenipb. She's our secretary.
y ce6Ji in one's room, in one's office
LESSON 9 169
TOOapHll( comrade, friend, colleague
ToBApuUl AneKcCeB y ce6Ji:? Is comrade Alexeev in?
CaeaUTe, TOBliptUlt AJleK'ceeB y ce6ll? Tell [me], is comrade Alexeev in?
Mocna Moscow
Hh, 08 iNac B Mocm. No, be's in Moscow at the moment.
A B6.rn.,"OB 31lecb? Well, is Volkov bere?
npoXO,QHTb (II) (prv npoihH) to pass, go by

.Qli., Dpoxororre ooiluinyiicra! Yes, go on in, please!
X, npa&eT! .QaBHO Te6tI lie BH.nen! Hi! I baven't seen you in a long time!
K8.K :lKHOeWb [kag zi'{6~] how are you? how's it going?

3lq1UCTByii, dK *oeuu. ? Hello, how are you?
H ....ero. All right.
npOcb6a [pro~oo] request, favor

ManeHbKlUI small, little
Y MeHJi M8JJeHbKU np6a..6a. I have a small favor [to ask].
DOJlY'lHTb (pfv II) to obtain, receive, get
neBytUKa young lady, girl (in late teens)
OnHa neoywKa a certain young lady
Ty-r oll,Hi .neoywKa "oMHaTbl nOJl)"lHTb He There's a certain young lady who can't get a
M6iKeY. room.
Hmate in no way, by no means, not in any way
Ttr o.roui lleayWKa HHKaK KOMIUITW Tbere's a certain young lady who simply
DOJI)'on. He MOa:eT. can't get a room.
.Qi? KyO OHa? r~ paOOT8eT? Is that so? Who is she? Where does she work?
cryneHTKa-Ja6.. HHI.ta correspondencc:scbool student

3.6pHJ:a factory
OHJi crylleana-:JaO':IIIIIQa, pa60T8eT Ha She's a correspondence-school student and
4tli6pHKe. works at a factory.
Ani. Ha 4tli6pHKe. :no XOpoIllO. Ahhh, at a factory. That's good.

c.nenaTb (prv I) to do, get done
'l.T6-HII6Yllh something, anything
Mbi 'n'~IUf6Yllb cJlblBeM. We'll do something [about it].
BOT cnaaf60! Well, thanks.
SUPPLEMENT
"'MTb (ipfv I) to live

rne BbI: "'H&eTe? Where do you live?
- >1: "'HBy npOT"B napxa. I live across from the park.
oncYna from where
OnY.na Obi ".neTe? - C pa66Tbl. Where are you coming from? From work.
R3 or 1t30 (plus gen) from, out of
OTKYlla ObI H.lJ.eTe? - 1-13 r6potta. Where are you coming from? From town.
aT or OTO (plus gen) from
170 LESSON 9
R "ony'uUt IUICbMO OT 6paTa. I received a letter from my brother.
.a.o (plus gen) up to, until, before
6" 3BOHJln .a.o pa66Tb1. He called (or telephoned) before work.
oKono (plus gen) near, by, about
R :lCHBy 6Kono nlipKa. I live Dear the park.
6e3 or 6e30 (plus gen) without
R 6e3 6para He noiUty_ I won't go without my brother.
,lLIlH (plus gen) for
Bbl :ho cnenaeTe J],JI'H Mellll? Will you do that for me'?
H.H. - 11B3H l18AHoBH'I

C. - CerpeTApb (HpHHa nerp6BHa)
B. - B6m:OB (TIfTp HHKKT1t'1)
11.H. 3JlpbCTByihe, zdrastujti I

WpHHa neTpOBHa! ipn;} gitrovn;}!
CKa)l(HTe, skafili !
TOBapHm AneKceeB y ce6Ji?l tavitplt alikiejif Uii~ii 1
C. 2 He.., Vel!
6H ceH'IaC B Mocue. on ~i~as vmasky !
11.11. 3 A BonKoB 3Jlecb? a volkov zQ~ 1
c. 4 ,llit, dii !
npoxoAHTe, nO:llCanYHCTa! pr;}xa4iti pazal;}Sb!
11.11. S A. ii!
npHBeT, BOJlKOB! pp yet volkof!
,lI,asHO Te6Ji He B8;:(en. davno Ii~it viyil!il!
B. 6 3"pitBCTllyH. zdriisluj!
d.K :lICHBCWb? kitg fiyo! !
11.11. 7 HH'Iero. Qitivo!
Y MeHli ManeHbKaJI npocb6a. urpiQit rnitlivkojo pro~bo !
Ty-r o.QHa .o:eByrnKa luI adna 4evu!ko I
KOMHaTbi no.ll)"flITb He MO:JKeT. komn;}ti p;}Ju~it qimotit !
B. 8 ,llil? dii 1
KTO OHa? kt6 ana 1
r.o:e pa66TaeT? g4e rabOt;}jit 1
USSON 9 171
11.11. 9 QHa CTYl1eHTKa-3a6'1HHua, ana stuQentk., zaocQic~ !
pa60raeT Ha a6pmce. rab6tajit nafiibplP j
B. 10 A'll, ahlij
H3 a6pHKe. nafiibplP j
3TO xopowo. et., xQrlcl6 !
MbI: 'IT6-HH6Yl1b Cl1e.naeM. 2 mi It6~ibu~ zQeJajim j
11.11. II BOT cnacu60. vot sp:qiba j
NOTES I Here ToaapHlll means comrade in the political sense, i.e., a party member. It
is very common in official situations. however, for Soviet citizens to use tbe word
(especially in the plural) without any necessary implication that persons so addressed
are party members. A foreigner should never use TOBapHUI in addressing a Soviet
citizen.
TosapKlU is also used in the nonpolitical sense, meaning comrade or friend,
but it implies a more casual relationship than ~PYr friend. One may have many
TOsaplO1lH, but few Jqty3b1i.
Both IJ.PYr and TOsapHUIl like npo4tkcop and CCKpe"ripb, are grammatically
masculine, but may refer to both men and women:
.
Oil M6HXOpOllJUH ~pYr. He's my good friend.
OHa M6H XOpOllJHM ,D,pyr. She's my good friend.
TOB3pHut neTp6B 6bui J,D,ecb. Comrade Petrov was here.
TosapHw neTp6Ba 6blna 3.o;ecb. Comrade Petrov (f) was here.
2 Students who work at factories and take correspondence courses have a
priority in obtaining lodgings. The Soviet cry.a.ewr-13.6'IIUIK or cryAeIlT'K8-u6<nnma
differs somewhat from the American correspondence-school student in that the
latter does his entire work through correspondence. The Soviet correspondence-
school student must meet at least once or twice a year for laboratory sessions,
summary lectures, consultations on future work, and examinations.

I. BbI H,QeTe c paG6Thl? Are you coming from work?
- H6T, c KOHu.epn. No. from a concert.
- Her, c o6elJ.a. No, from a dinner.
- HeT, c 3lOaMeHa. No. from an exam.
- H6T, c ypOKa neHH.lI. No, from a singing lesson.
- Her, c co6paHJUI. No, from a meeting.
- Her, c no'fT1>l. No, from the post office.
- Her. c neICl(.HH. No, from a lecture.
2. BbI: HJJ,ere KJ J(J]yt)a? Are you coming from the club?
- Her, HJ peCTopAHa. No, from the restaurant.
- Her, H3 reaTpa. No, from the theater.
- H6T. "3 napK:a. No, from the park.
- HCT, HJ }'HHscpcHTeTa. No, from the university.
172 USSQN9
- HeT, IU rYMa. No, from GUM.
- HeT, H3 ropcost:"Ta. No, from thc gorsovet.
- Ht:"T, H3 o6IJ.lCJKHTHH. No, from the donnitory.
- Ht:"T, H3 6lt6nHOTeklt. No, from the library.
- Her, H3 na6opaTopHIJ. No, from the laboratory.
3. R er6 SH.neJI no yp6u. I saw him before the lesson.
_ _ _ _ _ _ kOHllepn. _______ the concert.
_ _ _ _ _ 06e.o.a. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner (or noon).1
_ _ _ _ _ _ 'taR. _ _ _ _ _ _ tea.'
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3k3bteHa. _______ the exam.
_ _ _ _ _ co6paHHJI. _______ the meeting.
_ _ _ _ _ _ neJrllHH. _______ the lecture.
_ _ _ _ _ pa66"". _ _ _ _ _ _ work.
_ _ _ _ _ cny,.6",. _ _ _ _ _ _ work.
4. n6CJ1e ypoKa a"

nowen nOMOH. After the lesson he went home.
_ _ KOlillepTa _ __ the concert ~_
_ _ co6paHH' _ __ the meeting _

__ the tea _
--'""------
_ _ 3K3<lMeHa _ __ the exam _
5. CpaJy n6cne o6ena Mbl nOWlUt nOMoH. Right after the dinner we went home.
_ _ _ _ co6paHHJI _ ____ the meeting _
_ _ _ _ _ nekI(JtH _ _ the lecture _
_ _ _ _ pa66.,... _ _ __ wo,k _
_____ IIlkom" ~ _ _ _ "'hool _
6. 3TO NUl sac. This is for you.

_ _ _ re6>i. _ _ _ you.
____ Rac. _ _ _ us.
_ _ _ Hero. _ _ _ him.
_ _ _ Ree. _ _ _ he<.
_ _ _ HUx. _ _ _ _ them.
7. Mbl 3TO C.lle.naeM .lV1R Msana. We'll do it for Ivan.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ HHHbl. ______ Nina.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ np0<p6ccopa apnoea. ______ Professor Orlov.
_________ y'ulTeml. _____ the teacher.
_________ YlfHTeJIbHHltbJ. ______ the teacher.
8. OHM 6e3 sac He noiUtYr. They won't go without you.

_ _ _ H'C _ _ us.
_ _ _ re6>i _ _ you.
_ _ _ MeaJi _ _ me.
_ _ _ Hero _ _ _ _ _ _ _ him.
9. Mb"I 6eJ Hee He nOH,n,eM. We won't go without her.

_ _ I1.....a _ _ ________ Ivan.
_ _ l1pmw_~ _ Irina.
_ _ K6m< _ _______ Kolya.
, 06U is frequently used in tbe sense _ . Thus !W o6lJI,a may mean both 1Nfor~ diNtu and 1Nfor~ noon. Similarly,
IIlX.<1eo6i.M means both after dinn" aDd ofternoon. as well as in 1M afternoon.
I 'fii is orten used to refer 10 breakfast or morning tea.
LESSON 9 173
10. rJI.e Ubi 6WIH? Where have you been?
- Y llpoq,eecopa Opnoua. To see Professor Orlov.
- Y JI.pyra. To see a friend.
- Y I1B3.Ha. To see Ivan.
- Y n.-.pa. To see Pyotr.
II. rJI.e sbi ooeJI.aJ1lf? Where did you eat dinner?

- Y HHkomiJi. At Nikolay's.
- Y 6pflTa. At my brother's.
- Y CCCTpbl. At my sister's.
- Y HMHbJ. At Nina's.
- Y niJIH. At Galya's.
- Y MapMH l1uaHOIHlbl. At Maria Ivanovna's.
12. OncYJI.a Bbr? Where are you from?

- H3 lleHHHrp3.na. From Leningrad.
- 113 KHT!.JI. From China.
- 113 Mocuu.:z. From Moscow.
- 113 EspOtlhI. From Europe.
- H3 AMepHltH. From America.
-113 CCCP. From the U.S.S.R.
13. OTlcY.na Bbi HJI.CTe? Where are you coming from?

-113 rYMa. From GUM.
- 113 r6poJI.a. From town.
- ..13 Mar33MHa a3 yrJly. From the store on the comer.
- 113 6H6mto-rekH. From the library.
- C pa66Th1. From work.
- C nO'lThl. From the post office.
- C l)a6pHK:H. From the factory.
- C 3aBOlla. From tbe plant.
14. Orxjlla Ubi :ho nOnY'fHnH? Where did you get that?
- ..13 XJJY6a. From the club.
- ..13 6H6JIHO-rekH. From the library.
- 113 na60paTOpuU. From the laboratory.
- C cfla6pukH. From the factory.
- C 3an6JI.a. From the plant.
15. OT Kor6 Sbi :ho nonY'lJinu? From whom did you get that?
- OT npolecropa Opn6sa. From Professor Orlov.
- Or aMepHll:3.HIl,3. From an American.
- Or BnCl,lUiMHpa. From Vladimir.
-OT n.-.pa. From Pyotr.
- Or EsrCIIUJI. From Evgeny.
16. OT Koro 8b!: 3TO CJlbUUa.JIH? From whom did you hear that"
- Or cekpeTapJ:i. From the secretary.
- OT Y'uhe.JUI. From the teacher.
- Or cecrpbL From my sister.
- OT I1pMllbl. From Irina.
- OT MapliH HBAH08Hbl. From Maria Ivanovna.
74 LffiSON 9
17. Cue Balli J1,6M? Where's your hOUse?
- 6Kono m\pka. Near the park.
- 6Kono yHHaepcHTe-ra. Near the university.
- 6K01l0 Te3.Tpa. Near the theater.
- 6K01l0 pecTOpalla. Near the restaurant.
- 6K01l0 06we:HTHH. Near the dormitory.
- 6IC01l0 no'fTbl. Near the post office.
- 6kono <PA6pHICH. Near the factory.
- - 6"0110 WKOJJhL Near the school.
- 6"oJJO 6H611HOTekH. Near the library.
18. rJ1,e 6ItM,HoTC"a? - npOTHB Te3.Tpa. Where's the library? Across from the theater.
rJ1,e 06ute:lfrlle? - npOnfB napn. Wherc's the dorm? Across from the park.
Cae xH6cx? - npOTHB peCTOp3..Ha. Wherc's the newsstand? Across from the res
taurant.
Wbere's the theater? Across from the uni-
versity.
rJ1,e pecTopaH1- npOTHS rYMa. Wherc's the restaurant? Across from GUM.
rJ1,e KnY6? - npOTHS 6H611HOTex.H. Wherc's the club? Across from the Library.
rJ1,e saw J1,6M? - npOTHB WICOJIhl. ~ere's your house? Across from the school.
rJ1,e Mara;)HH? - np6THB nO<t:ThI. Where's the store? Across from the post office.
rne 601lhw6" 3an? - np6THS JJa60pa- Wherc's the large haU? Across from tbe labo-
T6pHlt. r.. .t tory.
rne wx611a? - np6THs ~6PKJCH. Where's the school? Across from the factory.
rne 1Ia60paTOplUl?- npOTHB ay,lJ;ltTOp"H. Where's the laboratory? Across from the audi-
torium.
19. Dbl cnpiwKBaJIH HaC'Ie-r ooe.Qa? Did you ask about dinner?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6op",.? ______ borsch?
________ '13.H? _______ tea?
_________ MOJJod? _______ milk?
________ pbl6hl? ______ fish?
________ dum? ______ kasha?
__________ ce1le)].KH? _______ herring?
________ B6)].KH? _______ vodka?
20. A ka.k HaC'leT C06pa.IHUI? And how about the meeting?

_ _ _ _ _ CO'lHlleHml ? _ _ _ _ _ _ the composition?
_ _ _ _ _ dpThl? ______ a map?
_____ JJHTepaTyphl? _ _ _ _ _ _ Iiterature?
_____ reorpa.q,"H? _ _ _ _ _ _ geography?
_____ 3.T1Iaca? _ _ _ _ _ _ an atlas?
_____ nopTq,e.nH? _ _ _ _ _ _ a briefcase?
21. Db! Hac<t:e-r ypOKa 1 Are you here about the lesson?
_ _ _ _ 3X3AMeHa? ________ the exam?
_ _ _ _ c06pa.uHJI ? _______ the meeting?
_ _ _ _ xoMHaThl ? ________ the room?
_ _ _ _ ICBapTltpW? ________ the apanmeDt?
_ _ _ pa66Th'? _______ the work?
LESSON 9 175
Pronunciation practice: hard consonants [k), [g], and [x)
and their soft counterparts [~), [g), and ['I].
Hard consonants [k), [g), and [xl are regularly replaced by their sort counterparts \:l. [gl.
and loll
before vowels [e] and Ii].
A. Hard [k] and sort counterpart ~]

Usual Cyrillic spelling K; sometimes r.
Note the pronunciation of hard [k:] in the following:
[mash'a) Moscow
[kuda] where (to)
[ur6kJ lesson
[skafl] tell me
and compare il with soft [If]:
[yll~iJ BHnxH forks

[fkar6p~i] - B Kop66Ke in the box
[ur6~i] ypOKH lessons
[Ql~I.J HHxuTa Nikila
[can\p~in] UapfulJOfH Tsarapkin
Russian hard [kJ is made in much the same way as English k except that there is nOI the slight
h-like puff of breath typical of the English k.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating hard [k] and soft ~],
imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice that
bard fkl occurs before [0], (aJ, lu], and [~J, whereas soft [k] occurs before [e]
and (i). At the end of a word, only hard [k] occurs-never soft [~J.
B. Hard [g) and soft counterpart [gJ

Usual Cyrillic spelling r; sometimes K.
Note the pronunciation of hard [g] in the following:
[~varat] rosopliT they say

(vgurpi] s rYMe at GUM
and compare it with soft [g]:
[jivgeQij] EsreHHii Evgeny

[gil] rHJt guide
Russian hard [g) and soft [g] are made with the vocal organs in the same position as for hard
[k] and soft [%.], but they are voiced.
176 LESSON 9
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating hard [g] and soft i],
imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice that hard
[g] occurs before [0], [a], [u], and [~], whereas soft (g] occurs before [e] and [i).
C. Hard [xl and soft counterpart [~J

Usual Cyrillic spelling X; rarely r.
Note the pronunciation of bard [x] in the foUowing:
[x:)ra~] xopowo good

[,.",,~jlil 3aJtO)llfTe come in
and compare it with soO: ['1):
XHTp6. Khitrov
cXCMa scheme
The sound [xl does not occur in English (though it does appear in Gennan ach, Bach, and
Such, or in Spanish mujer and hijo). It is formed in the same part of the mouth as [k] and [gl; but,
instead of completely closing ofT the air stream, tbe back of the tongue merely approaches the back
part of the roof of the mouth SO that the air stream vibrates in the constricted passage thus produced.
The soft counterpart [~] is produced slightly further forward in the mouth.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating bard [x] and soft ['I],
imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice thai
hard [xl occurs before [0], [a], [u], and [~], whereas soft ['I] occurs before [e]
and [i]. At the end of a word, only hard [x] occurs-never soft ['I].
Intonation practice: emphatic statements with rising-faUing

intonation curve
Emphatic statements with rising-falling contours are those in which the major stress is not in the
final position, but is shifted forward to a medial position in the sentences. The intonation contour
is similar to that of questions without question words which have their major stress in the medial
position, except that the entire contour is on a lower level and the drop after tbe major stress is
sharper.
EMPHATIC INTONATION QUESTION INTONATION
4
3
2 _- ,,
I
6" ..e 6b1J1
lIa cnYx6e! 6" He 6bl11 113 cny.6e.,
Oun 6YJlH 113 3asOAe. Omt 6buJ.H ua JaBOAe"
QHa JlOCTana MaTeplla..n. Qua AOCTa..na MaTepHa..n"
Y HaC tcT... '1ail. Y HaC ten. 'IaN?
LFSSON 9 177
A. Listen to the tape and practice the intona- B. Now practice these same sentences as
tion in the following emphatic statements. questions. Remember that the rising.falling
contour is neutral for questions and does nOl
imply any special emphasis.
4 4
3 3
2 2
I I
DHa KynHna MaTepuM! Qua lCynillJa MaTtpHin 1

H8aH omiT.. TjT! HBfrn omiTb *1
B'iepa 6w.o c06paHlle! B'fepa 6btno co6paHHe?
MapHJI lie 6LvTli e rYMe! MapiUI He 6bU1a B rYMe?
Qner lUlBHO ooneH! Qner ..QUUD 66neu?
C. Using tbe same basic sentences, practice D. Practice the following set of longer state
them as neutral statements DOW. Note that here ments with neutral intonation. Again the con-
the intonation curve has a falling contour and tour is falling and the primary stress is on the
that the primary stress is on the last stressed last stressed syllable of the utterance.
syllable.
4 4
3 3
2 2
I I
Qlla KynillJa M8TepHM. bOPllC M6:lKeT :ho npHHeCTi'i.

H8aH OmiTb TjT. HHKOnaH 6WJ B'fCpa B 6H6nlfoTeKc.
8'iepa 6bvlo C06paHHe. Qua CM6:lKeT OncPbITb J].II6pH.
MapiUI lie 6bU1a B rYMe. Qner XOTen npHHCCTH cnOBap...
Qner .naBu6 66neu. K03J16e 6bvl 8'1epA Ha 3aHJiTH.llX.
QHa noii.n.e-r 33BTpa B JCnj6.
E. Practice the same sentences, cbanging F. Now practice the same sentences, chang
them to emphatic statements with a rising-falling them to questions. Again the contour is
ing contour and with the primary stress shifted rising-falling and the primary stress is on the
to the second element. second clement. Note the sharper peak and
drop that is typical of the question, as con
trasted with the emphatic statements.
4 4
3 3
2 2
I I
SOpHC MO*eT 3TO npHHeCTH! bOP"C M6lKeT 3TO opHHecTIi: 1

HillWJ1lHi 6L1.11 B'fepa B 6H6nuoTeKe! HHKOJIlIH 6bill B'lCpa B 6H6n1tOTel(c?
QlUl. CMO*eT OTkPbrrb ~pu! QHa cMDlKeT oncpbrrb ,Q.Bepu?
Qner xoTin npHHecr:H C1IosaPb! Qner xOTen npuHecrH C1IoBapb?
K03J16e 6W.'1 B"Iepa H8 JaHJiTHJlx! K03J16B 6btn 8'iepa Ha 33.HJITHJlX?
QHa noi,nh 33BTpa B KJIy6 ! Qua noii.n.e-r 33.BTpa B UJY6?
178 LESSON 9
The preposition y: further uses with the genitive case
MODELS
QHa CTolina y.nsePH. She was standing at (or by) the door.
_ _~_yoKHa. ______ at (or by) the window.
_ _ _ _ y CTOJla. ______ at (or by) the table.
_ _ _ _ y llU'q,a. ______ at (or by) the cupboard.
_ _ _ _ Y TeJlClj)6Ha. ______ at (or by) the phone.
.s1 6brn y 6paTa. I was at my brother's place.

_ _ yOnera. _ _ at Olcg's place.
_ _ yne-rp'. _ _ at PyotT'S _ _ .
_ _ y npo>eccopa Opnooa. __ al Professor Orlav's _ _.
_ _ y JI.pyra. __ al a friend's _ _.
_ _ yflboa. __ at Le... s _ _.
___ y HHKona.i1. __ at Nikolay's _ _.
__ y ceCTpbJ. _._ _ at my sister's _ _.
___ y MapKIt HB:lHOBHhl. __ at Maria Ivanovna's _ _
__ yr!UIH. __ at Galya's _ _.
__ yKonH. __ at Kolya's _ _
6u :lTO D.0CT3n YK03JJOB3. He got it from Kollay.

_ _ _ _ _ Y )"IHTe.1ul. ____ from the teacher.
_ _ _ _ _ Y cel:peTIlpA. ___ from tbe secretary.
_ _ _ _ _ yHp...... ___ from Irina.
_ _ _ _ _ Y MapK". _ _ _ from Maria.
_____ yranK. _ _ _ from Galya.
______ '1 KOJlIl. _ _ _ from Kolya.
Y Koro BbI :ho y3HanH? From whom did you find that out?
- Y npo4leccopa Opnooa. From Professor Orlov.
- Y 6pa:ra. From my brother.
- Y M0Ka. From my husband.
- Y neTJ)a. From Pyotr.
- Y EoreHIDI. From Evgeny.
- Y ceKpeTapsi. From the secretary.
- Y TOBapm..ua AneKceeBa. From comrade Alexeev.
- Y CCCTpw. From my sister.
-yO"". From Olya.
- Y y66pmHllbl. From the cleaning woman.
- Y :lKeHhi. From my wife.
Y Kor6 Bbi cnpamHBaIlH? Whom did you ask? Or Of whom did you
inquire?
- Y ICHpliJLna. Kirill.
- Y B.rrWMHpa. Vladimir.
- Y UapankHHa. Tsarapkin.
- Y B6m:OBa. Volkov.
- Y CeMeHa <IlwuinnoBHlfa. Semyon Filippovich.
LESSON 9 J79
- Y y'UfTeJHI. The teacher.
- Y HmWnaSl. Nikolay.
- Y MWbl. Mila.
- Y Mfrnm. Masha.
- Y MapHH neTpOBHhI. Mana Pelrovna.
- Y npo,ltaBlUm{hI. The saleslady.
KaK y !lAc npornen 3K3aMeH? How did your exam go?
_ y Onera 1 ___ Oleg's .,
__ Y Hero ? ___ his .,
__ yHHuhl ., ____ Nina's .,
__ yaee ? ___ her ?
__ YHlh ? ___ their ?
__ y HHKOJ1fu1 ? ___ Nikolay's _1
REPETITiON-DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor or the tape until you are familiar with the various y
constructions illustrated.
1. (window) There was a girl standing at the 2. (brother) Yesterday he visited his brother.
window. T: (6paT) Bqepa OH 6bm y 6pha.
T: (OKHO) Y OKHa CTOlfna .nCBYWxa. s: B"lepa on 6LIJI y 6p8Ta.
s: Y OKHa CToll./Ja ,lleBylllKa. " (=Tpa) (B"pa) _
T: (Asepb) (Y) _ s: B"lepa on 6wJI y CecTphi.
s: Y ~PH CTOtiJla ,lleBytUKa. (Apyr, HHl<OJlaH, KOJUI, I1pllHa, MlUla,
(nOJIKa, CTon, IUKa4!, KapTa, TCJTeQJOH, MapHJl l1aaHOaHa, )"IHTeJ1h, Toaapm.n:
OKHO, JtBepb) BOJlKoa)
3. (Pyotr) Have you already asked (or in- 4. (you) He left the briefcase at your place.
quired of) Pyotr? T: (obi) 6R 3a6bUl Y sac nopT<P6m..
T: (fleTp) 8bi)'}ICe cnpaWHBaJIH y neTpa" s: Do 3s6WJI y sac IIOpT~.
s: BN y~ cnpaulilBarlH y Derpa? T: (mill) (68) _
T: (6nhra) (Bw) ? s: Do 3s6WJI y nax nopT4lCJlL.
s: BN y~ CnpimHB8JlH YDJlbOl? (oHa, II, ThI, HsaH, HHHa, ee M)'JK,
(aHa, BJ1a,ltHMHP, OHH, HUHa, KOJUI, DOpHC, I1pHHa)
OH, KYPO'UCHH, llaaH HaaHoaH'I)
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILLS
1. They're at Professor Orlov's. 2. Kozlov was visiting Pyotr.

Professor Orlov is at their place. Pyotr was visiting Kozlov.
T: Omi y npexpeecopa Opnoaa. T: K03J16a 6bm Y neTpa.
s: npo4lcop OpJloa y mix. s: niITp 6WJI y K03Jlosa.
T: .sf y 6pfrra. T: K03JI6a 6bm y JIbBa HHKHTH'Ia.
s: IipST y Memi. s: J[eB HHK1hH'I 6w y K03JlOBa.
Mbl Y JIhRa HHKWrH'I8. K6J1l1 6bm yranH.
6H y rciJUI. DpAT 6bm Y cecTpbl.
OIlH Y cecTpbi. Y':IlfTeJlb 6w Y)"IHTenhHHlI,bI.
ORa Y )"IHTe.mr. MapHll 6bU1a Y npoq,eccopa .
..st y ceCTpbi.
180 LESSON 9
QUESTiON~ANSWE!R DRILLS
I. Did Irina get that? 2. Did Pyotr find that out ?

Yes, and I [got itlfrom Irina. Yes, and I [found DUll from Pyotr.
T: 3TO HpliHa .aOCTa.na? T: ~TO ncTp y:Juan?
S: lit. a j y HpHuw. s: lU. a j y napa.
T: 3TO rWTeJJL nOCTa.n? T: 3TO HHKonAH )'3Han?
s: At. a j y }'"IIiTe.u. s: Ai, a Ii y HIlxonu.
(6paT, KronOB, Y'!HTeJlLUKQ.a, peKTOp, (MapKJI, B.n3,ltHMBp, ee 0CCTpa, CeMCHOB,
J1BaH, ee M)'I, nponasl1.lHUa. cel[peTapt>, era ",eHa, KoJUl, npo<peccop neTpOB, JIeB
JICB HmorrH'f) HHKHTH'f)
CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL RESPONSE DRILL
(teacher) Whom did you ask? Kolya's coming.

The teacher. Wonder how his exam went.
T: (Y'fHTem.) Y Kor6 ObI CnpaWltBaJlH? T: K6n.ll HJl,eT.
s: Y y'tHTeJul. s: I1HTepCcllo, d.te: y nero DpornCn 3KJ1Well?
T: (Y'!HTeJILUHUa) Y lCor6 BM CnpaWHBa.IIJI? T: MapH$! "neT.
s: Y ruITeJlLIUUtLI. s: HtrrepC<:llo. K8K y aee npornen 3K:s.8MetI?
(aMepll..Il:aueu., ee M)'?K, y6oPlliHua. KoJUl, (HHKonaH, Hpmla II OJUl, r3JUl, MBaH
nJ>OlPeccop neTpOB, J1pHHa, r3JUl, JIeB "BanoBlI':!, Mama)
HHIIfTH'I)
CUED QUESTION~ANSWER DRILLS
1. (Kolya) Where's the briefcase? 2. (window) Where was Nina standing?

On Kolya's desk. Al Ihe window.
T: (K6JU1) rne nopnp6nL? T: (OIm6) rne CToin:a HHHa?
s: Y KOnH ua CTOJIe. s: Y OKH8.
T: (omi) rne nOpT<PCnL? T: (re.n.eqKm) rne CTolina HliRa?
s: Y au tta CTOJIe. s: Y TeJle4t6na.
(II, TLI, OHa, MLl:, Bbl, OU, rallll, HmconaH. (,a.Bepb, wlCal, lCapTa, nonka, CYan, OKHO)
}"iHTeJlLHnua, }"iHTeJJb)
DISCUSSION
The preposition y is always followed by the genitive case. Besides its use in to have constructions
(e.g., y MetUI ecTL), it has several other functions.
I. In a purely spatial sense with inanimate nouns, it indicates close proximity.
6" CTOin: Y01018. He was standing at (or by) the window.

nOAo*lUi y llBkpM. Wait at (or by) the door.
2. With nouns and pronouns referring to people, it designates a place in tenns of the person
located there. Thus it functions like the French chez and may be translated 01 Ihe house (or office
or place) of. Forms of the verb 6Wn. plus y often correspond to tbe English concept to visit.
.st OCT3.BHJJ Y de nopT<PCnL. I left the briefcase at your place.

QHa 6Ll:n3 y 6paTa. She was at her brother's or She was visiting her
brother.
LESSON 9 181
3. Used with nouns and pronouns referring to people, and in conjunction with such verbs as
ylHin, cnpawH8an., and 1l0C'J'lin., y indicates the source of a thing.
Y Kor6 8b1 3TO 1l0CT3nH? From whom did you get that?
- Y Hpli:tt:.IoI. From Irina.
Y KOrO Tbi 3TO y:JHan? From whom did you find that out?
- Y KO))H. From Ko/ya.
Y Koro Bbl cnpawHBMI1? Whom did you ask? or 0/ whom did you in-
quire?
- Y CeKpeTBpsi:. The secretary.
4. The use of y plus the genitive form of a noun or pronoun sometimes substitutes for a posses-
sive modifier, especially if there is no real possession involved.
Kax npowen y Te6ti ypOlI:? How did your lesson go?
KTO y sac j"IKrenb? Wbo's your teacher?
Prepositions meaning/rom: 83, c, and OT
MODELS
60 H,/lCT H3 napKa. He's coming from the park.

_ _ _ JotJ TeaTpa. _____ from the tbeater.
_ _ _ HJ peCTOpaHa. _____ from the restaurant.
_ _ _ _ H3 yliHeepcm-en. _____ from the university.
_ _ _ H3 06WC}lCHTHjl. _____ from the dormitory.
_ _ _ H3 6H6nHOTekH. ____ from the library.
_ _ _ H3 na60paTopKM. ____ from the laboratory.
_ _ _ H3 WII:OJlbl. ____ from the school.
OHa H,/leT c kOH1{epTa. She's coming from the concert.

_ _ _ cyp6Ka. _ _ _ _ _ from a lesson.
_ _ _ _ c 3aB6.na. _ _ _ _ _ from the plant.
____ c o6ella. _ _ _ _ _ from dinner.
____ c C06p3.HHJI. _ _ _ _ _ from the meeting.
_ _ _ C <J>A6pHll:H. _ _ _ _ _ from the factory.
_ _ _ Cpa66Th1. _ _ _ _ _ from work..
_ _ _ co cnYx6bt. _ _ _ _ _ from work.
_ _ _ _ c JlelCl..lHH. _ _ _ _ _ from the -lecture.
____ c n6'1Th1. _ _ _ _ _ from the post office.
6H nOJlj"lHn nHCbMO OT 6p3.Ta. He received a letter from his brother.

________ aT llPyra. ________ from a friend.
________ aT HHkoJI3.JI. from Nikotay.
_______ aT cecTpbi. ________ from his sister.
________ aT :lKeHbl. ________ from his wife.
_______ OT 6Jm. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from Olya.
________ aT MapHu. ________ from Maria.
182 LESSON 9
Ou llOJlY'i11JI 0'1' HCe llllCbM6 In MOCKBbl. He got a letter from her from Moscow.
_ _ _ _ _ 0'1' uer6 _ _____ from him _
_ _ _ _ _ 0'1' UHX _ _ from them _
_ _ _ _ _ 0'1' Mellli _ _ from me _
_ _ _ _ 0'1' lIac _ _ from us _
_ _ _ _ OT .ac _ _ from you _
_ _ _ _ 0'1' Te611 _ _ from you _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that the preposition tl3 from is the directional opposite of the
preposition 8 to, and that the preposition c.from is the directional opposite of the preposition H8 to.
I. He's going to the park. 2. They're going to the concert.

He's coming from the park. They're coming from the concert.
'1': Ou MAe... 8 napK. '1': OHM H).{jT ua KOuuepT.
S: Ott tlAe-.. tl3 u8pKa. s: OtUi Ill\Yr c "OHlIipn.
'1': Ou MeT 8 pecTOpAlI. '1':OiiH H.AjT ua cnj:a:6y.
S: OK ~ H3 peCTOpiHa. s: Otui ttJJtr co enj:IC6Y.
(8 6H6J1HOTel:y, 8 06wOCHTHe, 8 TeaTP, (aa ypoK, 113 no'fTy, ua co6paHHe, Ha
8 ropcoBeT, 8 uy6, 8 OIXony. 8 06e.n, ua la6pHXy, Ha 3JOaMeH, lIa
YJlHBepcHTeT. 8 ay.nIfTOplOO, 8 MannHH) pa60ry, lIa nenvuo)
RESPONSE DRILL
Vladimir was in Moscow recently.

Did you get a letter from Vladimir?
'1': BJla.rtHMHP ne.nasuo 6w B MOCKU.
s: By uoJl')"Ui.n.. OT Bna..o.iMHpa DHCbMO?
'1': HpliHa ue,ll,3Buo 6blJ1a 8 MOCKBe.
S: Bw UOJl)"OinH OT HPHIIW DHCbMO?
(KUPIUUl, au, oua, OHM, 51, MbI, Carna,
HHua, ana)
.STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
l. She setll a letter to Moscow. 2. They were at the concert.

She received a letter from Moscow. They're coming from the concert.
T: Olla nacmlila nHCbM6 8 MOCKBy. T: Oil" 6WJlH lIa KOlIuCpTe.
s: Oua UOJIrufn8 UHCbMO H3 MOCKBY. S: OHa HJIYr C KOImcpn.
T: Omi nOCJlana nUCbM6 8 JIeHHHrpAn. '1': OHH 6butH 0 napKe.
s: OHa DOJI}"U4.sIa UHCbMO H3 JIetllllD"pW. s: OuJi H.LIYr tl3 naPKa:
OHa nocm'l.JIa llHCbM6 B AMepuKy. (0 6H6J1H<YreKe, lIa 4la6pHKe, Ha nO'lTe,
O"a nOCJlana mlCbMO B KHTait. D Mara.:mlle, Ha neKUllH, lIa
Olla nQCJlan3 nHCbM6 B EBpOny. 3K33MeHe, B peCTopalle, B TeaTpe, lIa
OHa llQCJlana nHCbMO B CCCP. C06paHHH, B 06WejKHTHJI)
LESSON 9 183
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. I was at my brother's place. 2. The spoons are in the drawer.

I heard it from my brother. Take the spoons from tht: drawer.
T: J1 6brn Y 6paTa. T: l10IDt B Jiw;uJ:e.
a
s: :iTo em.imaJI OT 6pa:n.. s: Bo3bMli Jl6.-KH IIJ littuu..-a.
T: J1 6w.: Y cecTpbi. T: JlOJKKH Ha CTOne.
S: R no e.m:nuan OT cecTpbI. s: Bo3bMH JlO*KH co crom).
(y,a,pyra, y HHHbI, Y npotJx:ccopa Qpnoaa, (B wKa$y, Ha wKa$y, a Kopo6Ke, Ha
y Cawu, y pcKTOpa, Y Hero, y uee. y uux) c:ryne, Ifa nOJlKe, B nop'npene, B SllllllKe)
(Moscow) Whert: did ht: phone/rom?

From Moscow.
T: (Mocua) OncY.l.ta OH 3BOHKn?
S: "3 MOCKabI.
T: (JleuUHrp3.J:O QTXYJJ.a OU 3aOltHn?
S: Ib JIetUIIII"p8.ll8.
(Mara3HH yrny, ryM, ropcoBeT,
Ita
}'HJfBepcHTeT, 06meJlQITMe, ropoA, UlKQ-
na, 6H6nHOTeka)
STRUCTURe REPLACEMENT DRILL RESPONSE DRILL
He WlIS at the plant. My friend is in Moscow.

He phoned/rom the plant, I received a leiter from Moscow,
T: 0" 6w.: Ha JaaoAe. T: M6H JJ.pyr B MocKBe.
s: Oil 3BOIlitn C JaBO.ll8. s: H 1l0JlY'llf:JI IlHCJ:.MO H3 MocKBbI.
T: On6bin Ha CJIjx6e. T: Moil: .l.tpyr B JleHHHrpa,ne.
s: Oil 380HIirI 00 CJtYc6w.. s: H noJl)"lliJI mtC1>MO 113 JI~.
(Ra nolfTC, Ha pa60re, aa $a6pHke, (a KHTae, B MocKBe, B EBpOne,
Ha c.nyz6e) B AMepHKe, B CCCP)
DISCUSSION
All three prepositions, H3, C, and OT, mean from, but each is limited in its sphere of usage:
nOUDS or pronouns referring to people require OT, but for places and things "3 and C are generally
used. "3
is used with inanimate nouns which take the preposition B, whereas C is used with DOunS
which take H:l.
QHa HlIe-r ropoJt, She's going to town.

QHa u,ae-r "3 rOpon. She's coming from town.
QHa u,acr 118 JleKUHIO. She's going to the lecture.

QHa HlIeT C nCKUHH. She's coming from the lecture.
Notes
I. The preposition c bas a variant fonn co, used before certain consonant clusters:
QHa HlIcr 00 CJt)0K6w. She's coming from work.

Bo3bMH KapaHJ1am 00 CTOna! Take the pencil from the table!
184 U'SSON9
2. The prepositions "3 and 01' also have variants "30 and OTO, but these occur far lesS' frcquenlly,
for example:
"30 ,D.llli s .nellb day in, day out
,nellb 01'0 ,D.mi from day to day
3. All prepositions are pronounced as a unit with the word that follows. Prepositions OT and "3,
like most short prepositions, are normally pronounced withoul a stress: OT Hero [a~ivoJ. H:J ropo,tta
[izg6r.x1.~J. When preposition c precedes a word beginning with another C, it is pronounced without
a break as a long [s): c co6paHHII [ssabcl.Q.j~].
Other prepositions requiring the genitive case
MODELS
A er6 BH.aeJI n6cne yp6Ka. I saw him after the lesson.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ KOHIICpTa. _ _ _ _ _ the concert.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3n3Mel:la. _ _ _ _ _ the exam.
_ _ _ _ _ _ ooe.aa. _____ dinner.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ C06p3.HIDI. _____ the meeting.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JleI:I:lHH. _____ the lecture.
_ _ _ _ _ _ paOOThL _____ work.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ WX01lbl. _____ school.
A XO'iY jTO C.lle.naTb .ao yp6Ka. I wanl to get il done before the lesson.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .no KOUlIepTa. ________ before the concert.
________ .ao ::no3.Mena. ________ before the exam.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no c06pcimul. ________ before the meeting.
________ no JleKU,lill. ________ before the lecture.
)l,ml Koro no? Who is this for?

- )l,ml MeHli. For mc.
- )]..nH ,'e6li. For you.
- )l,ml Hcr6. For him.
- )l,nH lice. For her.
- )l,nJl H"X. For them.
- )l,nJl sac. For you.
- )l,nJ:l HaC. For us.
-)l.Jul npoQ>Cccopa. For the professor.
- Jl,nJl Y'llfTeJlbHIHl,hI. For the teacher.
rne Oil )KHBCT? Where does he live?
- 6H )K"Bh np6THB napiSa. He lives opposite the park.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TeATpa. _ _ _ _ _ _ the theater.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pecTOpaua. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the restaurant.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o6me:lInfTHJI. _ _ _ _ _ _ the dormitory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nO'iThl. _ _ _ _ _ _ the post office.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WKOJlhl. _ _ _ _ _ _ the school.
---- <l>36p",,". _ _ _ _ _ _ the factory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6H6JlHoreKH. _ _ _ _ _ _ the library.
LESSON 9 185
rJlC OH" :ltCHBy,.? Where do they Jive?
- 0H" :lIO-lBYT 6K0110 napKa. They live near the park.
_ _ _ _ _ _ whpa. _ _ _ _ _ the theater.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pccrop"<a. _ _ _ _ _ the restaurant.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JaB6Jla. _ _ _ _ _ the plant.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06Ul"""""". _ _ _ _ _ the dormitory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06'111>1. _ _ _ _ _ the post office.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lllK6mL _ _ _ _ _ the school.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4la6pH.lCl1. _ _ _ _ _ the factory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61i611lioreICIi. _ _ _ _ _ the library.
KiK HaC'IeT XJ100a? How about bread?

_ _ _ _ 60pma ? ____ borsch?
_____ '1.i:ll:? ____ tea?
_ _ _ _ _ MOJIOxa ? ____ milk?
_ _ _ _ pw6b1? ____ fish?
_____ K3.lUli? ____ kasha?
_____ ceneIlIC" ? _____ herring?
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that aU six preposillons (n6cJJe, Jl,O, Mil, DpOTIIB, 010:000, and
HaC'lfi) require the genitive form of the noun or pronoun following.
I. When did you see her, after the concert? 2. Where did she wait for him, at the club?
No, before the concert. No, opposite the club.
T: Kor,lU\ Bb! ee BMenH, o6cJIe ICoHuepTa? T: rIle OHa er6 :lK,UaJla, B iClIy6e?
s: HiT,,lJ.o ICOlmepn. s: HiT, DpOTIIB KJlj6a.
T: Kor.na BN ee BH,aeJtH, n6c.n:e neKUIiH? T: rIle OHa er6 :lKAana, B 6H6nHo-rel:e?
s: HiT, Jl,O Jle.a.u.. s: HiT, npOTHB 6M6.rulonOOl.
(nacne pa60Thl, nacne co6paHJUI, DOCIle (Ha .a6pHKe, B 06ute:lDfTHH, Ha 3aBOAe,
lllJ:OJlhl, nacne ypon, nacne 06e,a,a, Ha nO<rre, B pecropaHe, B ayJtHTOpKH,
nOCJle CJlj':*:6b1) Bna60paTopHH, B Uly6e)
3. Where did you wait, in the restaurant? 4. Do you Jive near the park?
No, on the corner near the restaurant. Just opposite the park.
T: rAe BM:lK.ltA.mt, B peCTOp3.ne? T: BbI :lk"&eTe 6ICono napKa?
s: HiT, ua ymy OKMO pecropaua. s: Kale pal opOnm "apKa.
T: rJl,e Bbl~, B 6u6.nHonl:e? T: BhI:lkH.BeTe 6Kono 1ll1:6Jlb1?
s: Hth, ua yrJrj 61.."000 6H6Ju1oTetcM. s: Ku pal np6nm UlKMw.
(na DO<rTe, BnaplCe, Ha .a6pHIe, Bropco-. (OI:ono JaBo.na, oll:ono' Uly6a, 01:0.110
BeTe, oa 3aBoJl,e, B UlXone) ropcoBeTa, Ol[ono 6H6JIHOTeDl, oKono
pecTopaHa, oKono 06uteJlOITHJl, OKono
WiTpa)
5. When did he Ctl/l, before the meeting? T: Kor.nA 6H 3BoIilln,,uo o6e.na?

No, after the meeting. s: HiT, n6cIIe ooeJ],8.
T: Kor.aa 6H 3BOHKn,.nO co6p3HJUI? (Ao neKlUUf, .no pa6011>l, AO ICoHuepTa,
s: HiT, OOcne co6paHIUI. AO ypDl:a, .no l(JIy6a, .ao CJlY:lK6b1, .ao
lIII:OJlbl)
186 LESSON 9
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Where is he? 2. He isn't here yet.

We won't go without him. I won't go withoul him.
T: fae JlCe ou? T: Ero ewe Ul:T.
s: Mw 6eJ Hero He uoii./leM. s: st fieJ Hero He ootmY.
T: fae *e MpH-ita? T: fanK eute Her.
s: Mw 6eJ I1pMHw He uoii~M. s: st 6eJ rinK He ooiiAj.
(OHH, KHpHJlJ1, OHa, Cawa, Oner) (SOpHca, HHllbI, ee, HX, ceKper3p", ero)
3. Where is he? 4. You can buy FISh here.

We bought this for him. How about fish?
T: rae OH? T: 3ACcb MO:iKHO KynHTb pbr6y.
s: MY no K)'nKnK ll..JJ1I Henl. s: KaK HaC,," pW6w?
T: fAe HHHa? T: 3ACcb M6:no XynHTb xneG.
s: MY no Kymin. ll..JJ1I HJOo.I. s: Kite YacYT xJle6a?
(aHa, KHpHJlJ1, ESreHMM, Anex<::ees, OHM, (cene.IJ.XY, MOJJOkO, 'laM, cnoBapb, aTnac,
Mapwr I1sauoBua) xapry, pY'!Xy,CTon)
I. The theater's over there, opposite the post 2. He did it for us.
office. We did it for him.
71te post office is over there, opposite the T: OH no cnenan M" uac.
theater. S: MY no cMJl8JlH l11IlI Hero.
T: Tearp BOil raM, npantB nO'IThl. r: Oua :)rO CJtenana MJI BaC.
S: no'lT1l ItOH "riM, npOTU Teli:Tpa. s: Bw iTo C.rtenL'lH lVIlI Hee.
T: JIa60paTopHJI BOU TaM, nponfB aYJUITO- .sf lTO caenan MJI Te6li.
pHH. OUM :)ro c/J.enanH MJI Hero.
S: AY.lUlTOpMlI BON TiM. UpOTHB na60paTopHH. MbI 3TO caenanH A/UI Hee.
SH6nHoTeka BOlt raM, OpoTHB pecropilHa. Komi 3TO c.a.enan All" fanK.
06ute*HTHe BOH TaM, npoTHB llIKOJlhl. Cecrpa 3TO cnenana ltJUI 6para.
lllKona BOH nlM, nponm 33.soaa. SOpltC 3TO cae.nan MJI. J.1BaUa.
napK BOH TaM, npoTHB 4Ja6pHKH.
Mara3HII Bon raM, npoTHB reaTpa.
3. He won't go without me. MbI GeJ re6li lie nou.a.cM.

I won't go without him. OHa 6eJ HHX lie nOi1,neT.
T: OH 6eJ Mell,) He nOu.a.eT. Obi 6eJ lIac lie Iloiiucre.
S: st 6eJ lIero He ooii):{y. .sf 6e3 nero He 1l0H.uY.
T: OU" 6eJ Hee lie noliJJ.yr.
S: OHa 6eJ mix He uoiiAh.
DISCUSSION
Unlike most of the shorter prepositions, which are ordinarily pronounced with no stress, the
prepositions o.-eno, npOTU, n6cne, and Hac..e-r are pronounced with stress. Although weaker than the
stress of the word following, they serve to maintain the [0] vowel quality, which in the unstressed
prepositions .10 and OT is reduced to [a] or [~].
Note, however, that if the speaker wishes to point up a contrast, even the shorter prepositions
may be pronounced with a stress:
BbI: "riM 6b1nH n6cne kou.Qepra? Were you there after the concert?
- Her, ,flO xOHuepra. No, before the concert.
LfS')ON 9 187
Verbs with infinitives ending in --'lb: MO'lb and CMO'lb
MODELS
IMPERFECTIVE PRESENT
R MOry OTKPbITh OKHO. I can open the window.

Tbl MO"'CWh _ You can _
6n MOlKeT _ He can _
Mhl MO:lKCM _ We can ;
Bbl M6Jkcre _ You can _
Onu M6ryr _ They can _
IMPERFECTIVE PAST
6n fie Mor OTKpbrrb ,ll,BepH, He couldn't open the door.

OHa HC Moma _ She couldn't _
OHHHcMornu _ They couldn'1 _
PERFECTI VI! fUTURE
.s'i He eMory nOHTH ua C06paHilC. I won't be able to go to the meeting.

Tw HC CMO)t(CWb _ You }Von't be able _
6" He CMCI)ICCT _ He won't be able _
Mbl He CM6)KCM _ We won't be able _
8bI He CM6"'CTe _ You won't be able _
ORH He cMoryT _ They won't be able _
PERFECTIVE PAST
6" He CMor DOHTlt B IUIj6. He was unable to go to the club.

Omi He CMorm't _ She was unable _
Qmt He CMOrn" __ They were unable _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, observing particularly the replacement of the stem consonant r by l in the
second and third persons singular and in the first and second persons plural. Note also the pattern
of stress shift in both past and non-past forms .
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. I can't write without a pencil. 2. 1 won't be able to get into the.building without
T: Ji. He MOrY nHeaTb 6e3 KapallJlawa. a key.
s: 9 He Mory IIHcaTL fiel KspSII,ttama. T: beJ KJIIO<[a R ue CMOry sOHni. B 3.naHHe.
(Olla, Mbl, Bbl, Tbl, OHH, 011) s: DeJ KJUO...a Ii He CMOf)' Bonii B J.Il.8JUle.
(Tbl, MbI, BbI, OH, $I, Olla, OIlU)
3. My husband couldn't get any coffee. 4. She couldn't attend classes.

T: MY)K He cM6r JlOCTarb K6e. T: OHa He MOrJla 6bITb Ha 3amiTIIHX.
S: Myl lie CMor .Il.OCTan. Ko4e. s: QHa He MorJl8 6brn. Ha JauilTHQX.
(jxeaywKH, 011, Cawa, OHa, )Kella, neTp (aBU, Mbl, BbI, Hlllla, HpHlla. KOJJlOB,
HDaHOB].f<[, CTy.neHTKH, BbI) Komi, BJIa;J:HMHp. cTYJl.ellThI)
188 LESSON 9
QUESTiON-ANSWER DRILL
Were you at the concert, Nina? Oml, Tbi 6blJla Ha KOHuepn:?

No, I couldn't go. nerp HaaHORWI 6bvi Ha KOHUepn:?
T: H"Ha, Bbi 6WlH Ha KOIlu,epre? HpKHa neTp6BHa 6blJla Ha ICOHueJYre?
s: Her, Ii He CMorJla DOwn OUK 6WlH Ha xmmepre?
T: CAwa, ThI 6bvi ua x:ollu,epre?
s: Ha, Ii He CMOr 110m.
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. rm not busy now. 2. I'm busy now.

I'll be able to go to the club. I can't go to the club.
T: J1. n:nepb He JanllT. T: J1. renepb 3AaRT.
s: A CMOrj nom B IUIY6. S: 9 He Morj nom 8 KJly6.
T: Tbt -renepb He JaWlT. T: Tw renepb 3aHllT.
s: Tbi CMO:etJJL nom B KJly6. s: Tw He MO'lKetJJL Dom B lUIy6.
(OIlH, Bbl, 01111, Mbl, Cawa, JJ.eB}'ll1ICH) (OHH, Bbl, Om, MhI, Cawa, JJ.eDywKH)
3. I don't have a pencil. 4. My sister was sick.

I can't write. She couldn't work.
T: Y MeHJi Her KapaH.Uawa. T: Moli cecTp3. 6bU1a 6onbHa.
s: A lie MOrj IIHc8.Tb. S: OHa' He Monui pa60T8Tb.
T: Y Rac HeT x:apaH.Uawa. T: Moli MYJK 6bvi 66neR.
s: Rbi lie MO::eTe 1DIClin.. s: OH ue MOr paOOTaTb.
(y Hee, y HHX, Y Te6S1, Y Hero, y MeIDl, (:llCeHa H c:ecTpa, Mali 6paT, MOlt oCcTpbl,
y HHX) sax-rep, y60pLUKLJ.a)
5. She doesn't have a room.

She simply can't get a room.
T: Y Hee Her XOMHaTbi.
s: QHa HIlKaK He MO..eT IlOJIY"IHn. KOMHaT)'.
T: Y MeHJi H6 KOMHaTbl.
s: 9 HIlKax He MOrj llOJJ}"flfn. KOMHaT)'.
(y Hac, y BHX, Y re6S1, y Rac, y Hmw:,
Y MeIDl)
DISCUSSION
Only a small nwnher of Russian verbs have infinitives ending in -"110. All belong to the first
conjugation, and all have basic stems ending in r or K. SO far we have encountered only MOIfh (im-
perfective) and CMO"llo (perfective) can, to be able.
In the present-future of MQoo,. and CMO"IIo, the basic r of the stem is replaced by .. in the second
and third pe~ons singular and in the first and second persons plural.
Compare Ji Mary Ii CMOrY
OHM MOryr ORK CMOryT
with TN MOJKeWI. ThI cMo*ewb

00 MO*eT (UI cMo::eT
Mba MO:.ll:eM MbI: CM6:.1l:eM
DbI: MOIeTe DbI: CMO:.ll:ere.
Note tbat the stress is on the ending only in the first person singular: Morj, CMOfj; otherwise it
falls on the 0 of the stem: e.g., MO::euIb, CMOllCeon., and so forth.
LESSON 9 189
In the past tense, the suffix JI does not appear in the masculine form, but does appear elsewhere.
Ii (Tl:d, 611) M6r li (Tl~,OH) cM6r
li (Tbi, OHa) MOrna li (Tbi, aHa) CMorna
OH6 Morn6 OHO CMorno
Mbl: (BbI, oHJi) MornH Mbi (BbI, OHM) cMormf
Note that in the past tense the stress is on the ending. where there is an ending vowel.
Further past tense drills

MODELS
Dbi }'}Ke 311aJUi 06 JTOM? Did you already know about it?
- He-r, He 3U31I. No, I didn't know.
- He-r, He 3Hana. No, _
Ow )':ike nOCJJ31IH OHCloMO? Have you already sent the letter?
- ):{a, y*e oOCJJan. Yes, I already sent it.
- Aa, y*e nocnana. yes, _
r.ne BbI pa60Ta..ll.H? Where did you work?
- jJ: pa60TaJI Ha <fm6pHICe. I worked in a factory.
- jJ: pa60TaJla Ha lIla6pHKe. 1 -
8b1 y.e noo6eJ],31IH? Have you already had dinner?
- Her, ~ emc lie o6e.uan. No, I haven't yet.
- Her, ~ ew.c He o6e.naJla. No, _
Dbl y:e nOCMOTpeJlH ec KOMllaTy? Have you already looked at her room?
- He-r, ~ cw.e lie CMOTpeJl. No, I haven't yet.
- HeT, ~ cwe He CMOTpCJla. No, _
DbI CJlyrn31lH nCIUlHH B yaHaepcHTeTe? Did you attend lectures at the university?
- Aa, cnyrn31l. Yes, I did.
- ,Ua, cnyrnana. Yes, __.
Dw )')Ke cnpocunH ero? Have you already asked him?
- Her, ~ ewe He cnpaWHBaJI. No, I haven't yet.
- HeT, JI eme He cnpaUJHBaJla. No, _
DbI )')ICe lIanllcaJtH nHCbMO? Have you already written the letter?
- HeT, ~ elue He HanHcaJI. No, I haven't yet written it.
- HeT, ~ ewe lie HanHcana. No, _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that often (but not always) a past imperfective verb is used in a
negative answer to a question using a perfective verb.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. Grant studied Russian at the university_ 2. He was asking where this building was.
T: rp3.HT ruin PYCCKHH ~3b1K B }'HHoep- T: 6H cnpArnHBan, me 3TO mauHe.
CHTeTe. S: OR cnpituHaan, r.ne no 3roimre.
s: rpJiHT Y'f1U PYCCKHH RJblK B YJDIBep- (aHa, MY, 8.JJa.nHMHp, OpnoB, Marna,
cKTtTe. OHII)
(Bbl, MM, Carna, OHa, CTy.nCHTIl:H, cry-
neHTM, KHplUlJl, .neBywKH, HHlla)
190 LESSON 9
3. Orlov left your dictionary at my place. 4. I wrote a letter home yesterday.
T: Opn60 ocn\alln aaw CJI0aapb Y MeHl1. T: A 8'1epa llanHclJl f11ICbMOllOM6ii.
s: Opnoa OC"riOHJI aam CJJOBliPb y Melui. s: A o'lepa IlallHCU IIHCLMO llOMOi.
(01111, Y'I"TeJ]b, .neoyrnKIl, OJUl, Carnal (Mhl, EoreHIlH, Mawa, .n.eaywKH, )leB,
SOPHC, 01111)
5. I waitedfor you for a long time. 6. I already 8ubmitted an application for a room.
T: A .n6nro BAc *.na.n. T:.s1 'fA{e no.n.an 33JlBneUHe lIa K6MHaTy.1
s: A ,llOnro sac ")lan. s: R )'*f: rtOJlaJI 3aRBJlem.e tUl KOMHary.
(Mbl, 011, Olla, OUII, Cawa, BJIaJUlMHp, o;OPIIC, HuHa, OHII, OH, Bbl, MOM .upyr,
.n.eayrnltll) M",)
1. She took the atlas from the library. 8. I wanted to suggest t/wt to you.
T: alia 83JUla. ATnac H3 6H6JlHoreKII. T: A' xoro 113M 3TO npeAl1oll:Hrt..
s: OKli a3w llTJlac "3 6M6JlHOrit..,.. s: A XOTen aa.\f :iTo npe,l1JlODn..
(MbI, Oil, HHHa, KllpHJIJ1, 01111) (OpnoB, Y'lHTeJlbHlfua, npo)eccopa, MhI,
HBaH HBaHOBlf'l, MOM llpyr, MOil .n.PPbJl)
1.- She wanted to write a composition. 2. He forgot to open the window.

She wrote a composition. He opened the window.
T: Olla xoroa lIanHcaTh co'UUlel:lHe. T: OH 336w on:PbtTb 0~1I0.
S: ONa NaDHcana CO"OlHeuHe. S: OK OTKpWn ~H6.
T: Oua xorena Kynrn nnaThe. T: On 336bui HanHcaTb CO'lMHeHlle.
S: OHli Kymlna ollline. S: OH HaJDIcan CO~HHe.
(pllaTb pe3ynbTaThI, on:pbJn. OIrno. (cnpocHTb y Onera, OCTaBHTb y He(:
.nOCTaTb MaTepllaJI, nocMoTpeTh em no.uapoK, nOCJlaTb IlHCLMO, B3J1Tb CJlQ-
pa60Ty, nllTh '1au) BapL, ~ynHTb xnOO, .uOCTaTb Marepll3J1)
3. They can buy the present.
They bought the present.
T: Oil" M6ryr KynHTb nO)lapOl'-
s: OHR Kymtmf no,napoK.
T: OIUJ: M6ryr cnpocHTb y BJI3.D.HMltpa.
s: Ollii cnpocHJIH y BJla,QHMHpa.
(3aMonaHTb CJI00e'lKO, nony'l"Tb KHJ.lTIl
1t3 MOCKllbl, 3TO c,nenaTl" nQCJl3Th
mlcbMo)
I. DOII't you want to see the room, Nina? cawa, n:1 lie XO"lCWb noo6e.uaTh B
I already did. CTonoBoH?
T: HUHa, ru He X6'1eWb nOCMOTpCn. OnLra, rn He XO'lemb noo6C.naTb B
te6MHaTY? CTonoaOH?
s: A y*e IJOCMOTpina. CeMeH, Tht lie XO'lCWb KynHTb ICApTy
T: K6JU1, ru He X6'1eWb nocMoTTb KHTb?
K6MHary? OJUl, ru He XO'leWb KynHn. dpry
S: R y:e DOCM<rJ1tin. K>mI>o?
I The masculine and plural romu have two possibk st.resses: 116.:uu (or JIO~) and 116~ (or _.ld.u). "The feminine has
suess on the last syllable only: 8OJlIJIi.
LESSON 9 191
2. Nina, have you already had dinner? "pUHa, ThJ }')ICC CnpOCltlla 06 :hOM?
No, I haven't yet had dinner. CeMeR, Tbt }')ICe cnpocl-in 06 3TOM?
T: HltHa, ,,;, YJKe noo6e.o.aIla? 6ml, ThI: }')ICe nOCMorpe.na en) paoory?
s: HiT, eme He o6eAaJla. 60pHC, Tbi }')ICt nOCMOrptn ern paoory?
T: Komi, ThI: yx.:c noo6tnan? MKJ1a, n.i }')Kt nOJtYMana 06 :hOM?
s: HeT, ewe He 06eaa1l. Blla.ztHMHP, n.i yx.:e nOJtYMaIl 06 iTOM?
4TEHl1E 11 nl1ChM6
~~~od~.~~17
~ c c C:r. ~,~, ~.J&
ta, ~ ~ ~, 40WuY ~~." ()::d
~.- ~ ~," - ~ ~w;ur- ~
~~.
/f} ~ ~ ~ ~.1k=
1UV M
~ 1'- ~ ~.:f{q .e--wu" ~ C C C!P
1N~.;/Uv-nqMU ~ ~;;;~ ~.~
~, ott- f. <JU,f{k ~, '1W" "" fU- ~ 4W ~
- ~ +fA- ~ ~.m.cr~. .'!iiM- ~ ~,

uU: (}f/- i' - ~ ~ ~? - Y fU'I.(r fUiit- ~.
- 81~, ~ 31'h<r ~. -~ ~ ~.
192 LESSON 9
-.r~,~/+~r~~?-.$
~ 1UV r--'1' -~ -...:. ,IJl JV ~ ~~-
1<L~.-:4~F u#v".-Jl ~f-~
~ >liU..
-~ MHe Jt)'JICH3 "HCTOPIDI eccp." HeT, O)KHJt3eM H3 c!]e.ll,ytOmcH

Y Bae CCTb'" -
uencne. - A KaK H3C'iCT "J.1CTOpKH KwraSl"? "J..fCTOPWI KHTa.JI" Y Hac ecTb. BoT OH3.
- A CKaJlCHTe. Kapra Espollbl y sac TOJKC eCTh? - )la, ceHlf3C npHHecy.
- rAe nell' MsanOSH.. ? Tbi HC 3HaClllb? - Ka;KeTC5I. cpaJY DOCile 06e.n;3 ou nowen
AOMOH. - PaJBe OH Ja6b1n, 'fTO y Hac ceH'I3C 3K3aMcn? - HaBcpHO 336b1J].
- Mawa, oOOn rOTOS? - Eme HCT. - A .sI )'Xc rOJlo.o.CH. - nO.ll,O)l(AH, nO:lK3JlyHcra,
MKHYTJCY. Kama eute He rOTOS3. - A 'ITO eme f13 o6c.ll? - Bopm It pbl6a.
- OnSl, Sf BH)KY, TbI 6bJn3 B rYMe? ~ Aa, Tom.KO 'ITO 6b1J13. - Tbl He 3a6blJ13 KymiTh
py'lKy? - BOT, .o.0C3,a3! 3a6w1I3. ~ A 'ITO :no B Kopo6KC? - nO.o.apoK WISt Tc6S1. BHAHWb,
06 3TOM 11 HC 3a6bJJ13.
- BOT ceneAKa. Itt Xllc6 eeTb, It orypUbl. - Ho r.ue y reG$! 110)1(11 It BHJIKH? - Ka)KCTCJl,
B SlLUHKe. - B lHlJ,HKC nCT. B IllKaepy TO)l(C He BH)Ky. - Tor.ua nOCMOTp" Ha nOJIKe. - J1a,
BOT OHH. J.1 xJle6 TO)Ke 3.a.eCb.
~N9 193
LESSON 10
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION B Cy666Ty 6j JlYT T8HI{bI
cy666Ta [sub6t~] Saturday

B cy600ry [fsub6tu] on Saturday
6yAYT (fut of 6wTb) will be
niHllbI (sg nHeu) dance, dancing, dances
8 cy666ry 6yAYT niHUbi. There'll be a dance on Saturday.
.nOMa at home
cu,nen. (II) to be sitting, to sit
li CH:y, ouH Cil.wrr I sit, they sit
BpeMJI (n) time
Becb (m), Bcli (I), B<::e (0) all
Tw Bee ep(:MJI Cu,n"Wh .nOMa. You sit at home all the time.
n:.
31itta, Bee BpeMII CKJUtwb AOMa. Zina, you sit at home aU the time.
no!tneM (imperative) let's go!
noi'tn.eM B KJIy6! Let's go to the club!
noii;J,eM B Cy660Ty B KJJj6! Let's go to the club on Saturday!
TaM BcerA3. TaK CK)I'IIIO! It's always so boring there!
Hh, cnacH60. TaM BCer.lla TaK CKj"llIO! No, thanks. It's always so boring there!
ph occasion, time
Ha :lTOT p:b this time, on this occasion
.a.a, HO Ha nOT pb 6yAYT TiHuw, Yes, but this time there'll be dancing.
TanUbl? 3To .Ilpyr6e .neno! Dancing? That's a different story!
Ta~eBaTb (I) to dance
Ii TalluYlO. all" TaH~lOT I dance, they dance
m06rn (II) to love, like
Ji JIlO6mo, OHiI mo6n 1 love, I like; they love, they like
.sf m06mo TaHlleBaTh. I love to dance.
Tuuw?:)ro.lQlyrOe Aeoo! TaHQeB8.Th Ii Dancing? That's different! I love to dance.
m06mO.
195
BMecre together
Bct BMecre all together
noii.D,eM oce BMecre! Let's all go together!
noii.AeM" Bee 8M"ene: a. TW, BJlII,/lHMKp K Let's all go together: you and I, Vladimir and
Oller. Oleg!
Tw OMra 3Haeun.? Do you know Oleg1
HeMH6ro, Slightly (/it. a little).
>1 ero HeMHoro 3HIDo. J know him slightly.

KyPc class (year), course
Ha OJJ,HOM KYpc:e in the same class
Mbi: Ha O,ll,HOM KyPce. We're in the same class.
3HaKoM acquainted, familiar
Miulo little, too little, very little, few
Mbi: Mana 3HaKOMhl. We're barely acquainted.
Mw Ha 0J:ul0M" Kypce, HO M8JJO 3HaKOMbI. We're in the same class, but we're barely
acquainted.
napeHb (m) (pI napH") lad, boy, fellow

8oJ10,!l,lll roBOpH'r, 'fT0 OH XOpOUlHH mipetlL, Volodya says he's a nice boy.
TOBapHlU no KOMHaTe roommate

Omi TOBaplllUH no Ko."IHaTe, They're roommates.
yeMen. (pfv II) to see. catch sight of

Ji yBIDIey, OH" YBWT I'll see, they'll see
YBK.nHM. We'll see.
3H3.'IHT it means; so, then
TalC 3Ha'UlT so then, well then
TalC 311a'lIIT, B Cy666TY? So, on Saturday, then 1
YBIi..aMM, TaK 3Ha'lM'T, B cy666-ry? We'll see. So, on Saturday, then 1
(plus gen)
CKOJ1LKO how much, how many
CKOJ1bKO
DO at what time
So CKOllbKO? At what time?
At nine.
BC'tep (pi Be'{epa) evening(s)

Bc'{epoM in the evening
cerOJJ.Hj/ BC'IepoM this evening
'-ITo TbI llllnaeUib cerolUtll Be..epoM? What are you doing this evening?
!PHnhM film, picture, mQvie

BO"Ha w"'
M"P peace; world
A H.!ti" Ha c1tMJlbM" 8oiH' H MHP). I'm going to the movie War and Peace.
rOBOpfl, xopOlUHii. They say it's good.
196 LESSON 10
SUPPLEMENT
C HHM with him

8b1 C1IJ1M 31l3KOMbl? Are you acquainted with him?
c IItH~ with her
8b1 C Heil 3I1aKOMLoI? Are you acquainted with her?
C HHMll with them
8b1 C HRM" 3H3K6Mbl? Are you acquainted with them?
n03HaK6MHTb (pfv II) to introduce, acquaint
JI n03HaKOMJIIO, OllR n03HaKOMJlT I'll introduce, they'll introduce
.sf BaC n03HaK6MJ11O c neH. I'U introduce you to her.
clO.na here, over [here}, this way, in this direction
6H ItJle-r CIO.na. He's coming over (here].
Ha3aaTb (pfv I) to name
Ha30By, Ha30BYT I'll name, they'll name
Ha30BRTe MH He.ntnH! Name the days of the week!
nOHe.ne.nbIiHIC- Monday
BTOpHHK Tuesday
ope"a Wednesday
'leTBepr Thursday
miTliHLl<l Friday
cy666Ta (sub6t~J Saturday
BOCKpecCHbC Sunday
B cy600ry OYJIYT T81U\L1
Kau 3HHa, ~in~ !

TbI oee OptM$I CHJJ.:HllIb JJ.6Ma. Ii fj6 vreljl' ji<liS d6m, j
nOH.nCM 0 cy666Ty 0 KJ1Y6. paj<l6m fsub6tu lldup j
3HHa 2 Her, cnacH60. Vel j spajibo j
TaM BCer.na TflK CKy"lHO! lam fjigda lak sku!n, j
KaTH 3 Aa, dii j
H6 Ha :hOT pa3 n6 naet;)t cas (
6YJJ.yr TaHUbI. I budut Hinci 1
3HHa 4 TaHubI? tanci i
3TO JJ.pyr6e ,a,eno! el, drug6j, <lei, j
TaHueoaTb Ji JlJo6mO. I,neival ja lublu j
.,
TW,
paj<l6m f vljlej\i j
jii
Ii
I
I
Bna.u.HMHp vlaQirpir I
H Oner. 2 i ajek j
---
TLi Onera 3Haewb? ti alcg,l znaji~ i
Note llult Russians consider Monday tbe Iirst day of the week and Sunday tbe last. Thi$ i$ rdIcctod in (be names:
n6ptUU< (from nop6i ~rond), ~ (from 'leT1lipn.li./ouT/h). and ~ (from .Jrrwifi!'").
LESSON 10 197
3UHa 6 HeMuOro. Qimnog::l !
Mw Ha OAHOM KyPce, mi nOJadnom ktir~i !
HO ManO 3HUOMbl.) no rnal:J znakonll !
KaTX 7 BonoJVI r080pHT, va1~::1 g::lvarit I

'iTO OH XOPOWHH napeHb. j st::l 00 xarosij papQ !
OH" TOBapHIUH no kOMHaTe. aQi tavarisci pak6mn::lti L
3uHa 8 YBH.o.HM. uyi 4im I
Tax 3Ha't.HT, B Cy600Ty? tagzoa~it fsubOtu !
Bo CKOJlbKO? vask61k. I
KaTX 9 B AeB~Tb. v4eyi\1
A 'ITO Tb! ACJ1aeWb a Ito ti 4eJ.jil I
cerOAJUI Be'iepoM? ~ivodQ::I yetir::lm!
3HHa 10 J1HAy aa HnbM ((SoAHa H MHP. ja id1i nafJ.lm vajna i rpir !

rOBopkr, XOpOWHH. ~varat xarosij !
NOTES 1 Tam.... is ordinarily used in the plural unless a specific type of dance is referred
to:
Compare noiUl.eM Ha TIlHUbI. Let's go to the dance.

with Her. iTo ne pyCCKHH T8Heu.. No, that's not a Russian dance.
In Russian it is correct and not at all impolite to start with oneself in referring
2
to a group:
nOiiJJ,CM Bee BMecre: Ii, N, BnamfMKp H OJIl~;'-.
Russians do not put a comma aner the next to the last item in a series if the
conjunction H precedes the last item. If the H is omitted, then the comma must be
used: Ii, ThI, BmV1I6f1IP. Oner.
In the expression Ha onum. KYpce. the noun Kjpc is used to mean class year
J
(comparable to such terms as freshman or S()phomore). Kjpc can also mean course,
as in KyPC HcrOPHH history course.
Bo.rrOLUI is a nickname for BJlaMMHp. Similarly, KaT'll is short for EK8repma.
and 3ICHa for 3MH8.MAa.
, The word mipeub boy, lad, or fellow was formerly restricted to a country or
working-class boy. Since World War 11 its usage has been extepded to refer to any
young man.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION Oner .aYMDeT noiiTH B KHHO
KHHO (n indeclinable) ~in6] movies, cinema

B KHIIO [f\:in6) to the movies, at the movies
Oller AYMaeT !lonTii B lCHIlO. Oleg is thinking of going to the movies.
198 LESSON 10
'Hl1'inb (I) to read
Ii '1111'8.10, OIlH '1"1'3101' I read, they read
41'0 1'bl 'I1lTllcwb? Whal are you reading?
lfTO ThI "IMTaem.... HCTOplllO? What are you reading, history?
EereHIIM Oilerllll) Eugene Onegin

)1: 'lttTSIO _EerCttHIl OHtntH8 t. I'm reading Eugene Onegin.
CTllxH verses, poetry

BOT d ... CTlIxH! You don't say! Poetry!
.st Boilu)' II MHp.

'1111'3010 I'm reading War and Peace.
A Ii cei"lac 'OI'riJo <dJoiiHy II ronip. Well, I'm reading War and Peace now.
poMan novel
31'01' poMaU that novel, this novel
A mo6.'nO 31'01' POM,". I love that novel.
ero (ace or Oil, OHO) it, him

MII6rQ plb many times
)1: MH6ro paJ .......an erO. I've read it many times.
lI.neT iPlinbM a film is playing (or showing)

B KIIHO H.neT aMepllXaucKHH There's an American film showing at the
iPlinbM. movies.
KcT3.TII, e KHIlO lflJ.eT 3MepHK3.IlCKIIM Incidentally, there's an American film showing
iPlinbM. at the movies.
KCTaTH, JHaeWb, e lomo lflJ.eT Incidentally, you know, tbere's an American
3MepHK3HCKH"iPKnbM" film showing at the movies.
KcTiiTIl, Jltaam., B ..1100 ltlI,eT Incidentally, you know the American film
8r.tepHKauCKHii Cllim.M .Bowa II MMp t War and Peace is showing at the movies.
.st O'iCUb )to'ly ero nocMoTpe-rb. I want very much to see it.
)Iii, JUSIO. A O"letn. xo'Jf er6 Yes, I know. I want very much to see it.
IIOCMOTpe-rb.
Kor.n3. when
Tw KOfJl;& Jl;YM8emb nOKTM? Whcn is it you'rc thinking or going?
nOCJleJallTpa [poslizart 1'; J the day aftcr tomorrow

liml or
39.B"rpa MJTH nocJJeJ8BTpa. Tomorrow or the day arter.
nO'leMy why
A no'leroty n:. cnpswHBaewb? Why do you ask?
Jalnpa Be'lCpOM tomorrow evening, tomorrow night
3"H3 HlleT 3aBTp<l Be'lepoM. Zina's going tomorrow evening.
1i: CJJWwllJl, "fTO 3MHa N,lteT I heard Zina was going tomorrow evening.
39.BTpa Bi<tepoM.
A To",e noM.nY 3aBTpa. ['11 go tomorrow. too.

lla? Tor.nii ti TO*e now 3iBTpa. Really? Tben I'll go tomorrow, too.
LESSON 10 199
SUPPLEMENT
C~HTaTh (I) ~itat] to count, consider

C~'IT3.IO, C~'ITaIOT ~itaju, Ritlijut) I count. they count
OT O,LUIoro .nO .necliTH from one to ten
C'IllTaihe OT o!l.J1oro .nO Aecnll! Count from one to tcn!
OWl" one
ADa two
Tpli three
~eTbipe fOUT
min five
wccn
ceMb
'"
seven
saceMb eight
.neSlITb mne
.necRTb ten
"'c hour, o'clock, one o'clock

Bo CK6111>KO Sbi noe.neTe? At what time will you go?
- B 'lac. At one [o'clock].
- B JlB3.. At two.
- B TpM. At three.
- B ~eTl~pe. At four.
- B mlTb. At five.
- B weerb. At six.
- B CeMI>. At seven.
- B D6ceMb. At eight.
- B .nessrn". At nine.
- B .necATb. At ten.
QJler )ljMaeT ooiini B "RHO
B. - 811allH;\Hlp O. - Ollcr
B. 3n,p3BCT8yit:, OJler! zdriistuj alek 1

4TO Tbr ~HTaeWb" sto li citiijis !
J.1CTOPHfO ., istopju 1
O. 2 Her, Qed
EBreHHJI OuenlHa. I jivgeQijo aQegino 1
B. 3 BOT K3.K, vot kilk I
CTMxM! Sli~i 1
A li ceii'fac 'H1TafO a ja ~ic.as ~itAju I
Bairn)' H MHp. vajou i rpir!
o. 4.st mo6mo :hOT pOMaH. jil lublii etot ramilo 1
Muoro pa3 '{HTan ero. omoga ras ~itAI jiv6!
200 LESSON 10
B. 5 KcraTH, 3HaellJb, kShl\i zDajis!
B KHHO HAeT f\inc ilia' I
aMepHK3.HCKHi:t $HJlbM arpirikans~ij film
Boi:tHa H MHp. .vajna i Jllir
O. 6 ,llA, diU
3l1alo. zDaju!
>1 O'leHb xO'ly ero nocMoTpeTb. ja otiQ xacu jivo JY.lsmatre\!
B. 7 Tbl KorAa nyMaellJb nOHTH? ti kagda dumajis pajp !
O. 8 3aBTpa zaftra!
RrIH nOClle33BTpa. iii posliziiftra !
A nO'leMj TbI cnpallJHBaellJb? a p;)(;imu ti sprasivajis !
B. 9.st CJlbIllJan, I
ja sUs:,)1
'ITO 3H:Ha H,neT st. pn. ili6' I
3aBTpa Be'lepOM. uftra yeciram !
O. 10,llA? dii T
Torna si TO}l(e noi:t,ny 3aBTpa. tagda ja toii pajdu uftra!
NOTES 1 (<.EBnlmlii OllerHHH is Alexander Push kin's (1799-1837) famous novel in verse,
written during the 1820's. Note that titles of books, movies, plays, and so forth
are declined in Russian unless preceded by the nouns book, movie, play, and so forth.
Compare Ji '1J.l"r3.10 (,BoilHy J.I MHP}), I'm reading War and Peace.
with Ji 'HiTalO poMaH Boilml H MHp. I'm reading the novel War and
Peace.

I. Tbl 3HaeWb OJlera? Do you know Oleg?
_ _ _ _ EBremuI? _____ Evgeny?
_ _ _ _ KHpHJlJla? _____ Kirill?
_ _ _ _ L1.apanKlIHa? ______ Tsarapkin?
_____ A.n.eKceeBa? ______ Alexeev?
_ _ _ _ llbBa? _____ Lev?
_____ ceKpeTapli? _____ the secretary?
_ _ _ _ CArny? ----c-
, Sasha?
_ _ _ _ Kamo? _____ Kotya?
_____ BOJlO)lIO? _____ Volodya?
_ _ _ _ rinlO? _____ Galya?
_ _ _ _ HHHy? _____ Nina?
_ _ _ _ MapHlO? _____ Maria?
_ _ _ _ HpHHy neTpolmy? _____ Irina Petrovna?
2. Bbl era JH<lcre? Do you know bim?
_ee.. 'I. _____ her?
_HX ? _____ lhem?
_MeH'I. _ _ ?. _____ me?
_HaC ? _____ us?
LESSON 10 20J
3. nonpocHTe I1BaHa H,IfKOJlaCBH'fa K Ask Ivan Nikolaevich to come to the phone.
TeJ1e$6Hy.
_ _ _ _ 60puca MKXMiJJoBH'fa _ Boris Mikhailovich _
_ _ _ _ BJla.nHMHpa - - - - - - _ Vladimir _ _~ _
_ _ _ _ upo4J<coopa Opn6sa _ _ Professor Orlov _
_ _ _ _ EBreulUl _ _ Evgeny _
- - - - ""'p.""p' - - - - - - _ the secretary ~
_ _ _ _ )"Uhe1Ul CMupHoea _~_ _ Teacher Smirnov ~
_ _ _ K6mo _ _ Kolya _
_ _ _ _ Bo.n6mo _ _ Volodya _
_ _ _ Camy _ _ Sasha _
_ _ _ _ Mapmo _ _ Maria _
_ _ _ Hm.y _ _ Nina _
_ _ _ ramo _ _ Galya _
_ _ _ _ I1p>iHy nOTJ)6'Hy _ _ Irina Petrovna _
4. YT6 Dbl 'fUT3.eTe? What are you reading?

- POM8..H. A novel.
- CTHxH. Poetry.
- tEBreHIUI OHt~nlHa t. Eugene Onegin.
- c60puca fOJJ.YH6Ba . Boris Godunov.
- cA6KTOpa )KHB3.ro . Doctor Zhivago.
- eBoHHj Ii Mlip . War and Peace.
- .AHOy KapeHHHy t. Anna Karenina.
- HCTOplUO. History.
- reorp.anno. Geography.
5. Jt mo6mO 'Iau. I'm very fond of tea.

_ _ _ oopw. _ _ _ _ _ bo=h.
_ _ _ xne6. _ _ _ _~ bread.
_ _ _ _ MOJlOK6. _ _ _ _ _ nUlk.
____ orypu w. _ _ _ _ _ _ cucumbers.
_ _ _ mHo _ _ _ _ _ ",hi.
_ _ _ Kamy. _ _ _ _ _ kasha.
_ _ _ pbl6y. _ _ _ _ _ fish.
____ ceJlC,llKy. _ _ _ _ _ _ berring.
6. Ha CJleA)'IOllleH He,lle.ne R 6yAY B MOCKBe. Next week I'll be in Moscow.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Thl: 6YAewb _ . _ _ _ you'll be _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6H 6y~OT __ _ _ _ ho'll be _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mbi 6YAeM _ _. _ _ _ wo'll be _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bbi 6yAere _ _. _ _ _ you'lI be _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OHM 6yAYT _ _ _ _ _ thoy'll be _ _
7. Jt 6yAY 'IlfT3.Th cEBreHIUI OHernua . I'll be reading Eugene Onegin.

Tbi 6YAewb _ You'll be _
61:1 6YAeT _ Ho'll be _
Mw 6YACM _ Wo'li be _
Bw 6y~=_~ _ Vou'll be _
OUM 6YAyr _ Thoy'li be _
202 LESSON 10
8. .s1 111061110 TaHUeaaTb. I love to dance.
Tbi JII06HWb _ _~ You love _ _.
QHa m06HT _ She loves _ _ .
MhI 1II06HM _ Welove _ _ .
Bbi: 1II06H"re _ You love _ _.
Omi JlJ06lIT _ They love __ .
9. .s1 see apeMjI CmKY.noMa. I sit (or stay) home all the time.
Tbi CH.ltHlllh_. You sit (or stay) _
6H CuMT __. He sits (or stays) _
MbI CHllUM __. We sit (or stay) _
BbI CH,lOfTe _ . You sit (or stay) _
Qmi CIt,lVlT _ _. They sit (or stay) _
10. .s1 ero )'Buy cerOJJ;HJI Be..epoM. I'll see him this evening.
Tbi: _ )'BH.n.HWb __ You'll see _
QHa _ YBH.wtT _ She'll see _
Mbi: _ yBH.wtM _ We'll see _
Bbi: _ YBH.n.HTe _ You'll see _
OHJi _YBWT _ They'll see _
II. .1tBcer,n3. ee BU:lKY B -rea-rpe. I aJways see her at the theater.

TbI: BH.n.mub _ _. Vou _ """ _
6H BH..rtm- _ He __ """s _
Mhl Bm.HM _ We_""" _
Bbl BHJurre _ Vou _ """ _
Onu ali.wrr _ They _ see _
12. .st 3aBTpa KyruuO M0110"O. I'll buy milk tomorrow.

Ty _ _ KYnKUlb _ You'll buy _
0lI. _ KYmrr _ She'll buy _
My __ iCYnHM _ _ We'll buy _
By _ _ Kj"nHTe _ You'll buy _
Qm; _ Kj"n.llT _ They'll buy _
13. .s1 OCTaBnlO nOpnpeJ1b B KJ1Y6e. I'll leave the briefcase at the club.
TbI: OCTaBHwb _ You'll leave _
6R ocraB"T _ He'll leave _
Mbl ocraO"M _ We'll leave _
BbiOCTMHTe _ You'll leave _
Omi OCTaBlIT _ They'll leave _
14. .st cnpowy 06 .:hOM y nbBa. I'll ask Lev about it.
TbI: cnp6cHwb _ You'll ask _
OR cnp6cm- _ He'll ask _
Mbi: cnp6cHM _ We'll ask _
Bbi cnp6c1tTe _ You'U askL-_ _
Qmi cnp6c1lT _ They'll ask _
15. KaKoii cerOAJUI .a,eHb? What day is today?

- Cero).{H1I: BOC"peceHbC. Today is Sunday.
_ _ _ _ _ nOHc).{el1bIUlK. _ _ _ Monday.
_____ STOPH"". _ _ _ Tuesday.
_ _ _ _ cpe).{a. _ _ _ Wednesday.
LESSON 10 203
- CerOAHSI "leToepr. Today is Thursday_
_ _ _ _ mrnUUla. _ _ _ Friday.
_ _ _ _ cy666Ta. _ _ _ Saturday.
16. nOH.aCM B BOClCpeceHbC B IC./IY6. Let's go to thc club on Sunday.

_ _ _ B nOHC.llenbHllX _ _" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on Monday.
_ _ _ 00 BTOPHHK _ _ on Tuesday.
_ _ _ " CpeAY - -_ _" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on Wednesday.
_ _ _ B "lcnepr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on Thursday.
_ _ _ 0 miTHHl.\y _ _ on Friday.
_ _ _ B Cy666Ty _ _ on Saturday.
17. QHa Oecb llellb cHltena .nOMa. She stayed home all day.
__ Becb oe"lep _ _______ all evening.
_ Bee YrPo _ _ all morning.
__ see ne-ro _ _ all summer.
_ _ BCK> 3RMy _ _ all winter.
__ octO HClltJlIO " _ all week.
__ Bee OpeMSI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all the time.
Pronunciation practice: unpaired consonants [~], [z], [C],

[C], [~C], and [j]
Some consonants occur without soft or hard counterparts. Three consonants are aJways pro-
nounced hard: ~], [il, and [c]. Three are always pronounced soft: [~], ~], and (j].
A. Hard consonant (SJ

Usual Cyrillic spelling tu; also jk, tub, or )Ie".
Note the pronunciation of hard [~] in the following:
(vi sRi~iti] Obi cnewliTe you're hurrying

Ua ,IBoII Ji CJIwwan I heard
[maW] xopow6 good
The Russian consonant (S] is always hard. It differs from the corresponding English sound
(usually spelled sh in words like shop, crwh, and bush) in that the tip of the tongue is curled slightly
up and back, and the sound is made farther back in the mouth.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating (S], imitating your
instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Remember that even when
Cyrillic e, M, and .. are written after ru, they ace still pronounced hard.
204 LESSON 10
B. Hard consonant [fl
Usual Cyrillic spelling *; sometimes *lo.
Note the pronunciation of hard [ll in the following:
[final lKeua wife

[naslut~;] Ha CJTYc6e at work
Russian [ll is a hard consonant formed with the tongue in the same position as for ~], but it is
pronounced voiced. It is similar to the English .r in leisure and pleasure, except that the Russian
sound is made with the tip of the tongue curled up and baek and is produced farther back in the
mouth. (Russian [ll is articulated in approximately the same position in the mouth as American
Engljsh r.)
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating [i], imitating your
Cyrillic e, e, and" are written after )1\, they arc still pronounced hard.
C. Hard consonant Ie]

Usual Cyrillic spelling It.
Note the pronunciation of hard [c] in the following:
[kancert] KOIlLtePT concert

[agurci] arypubl cucumbers
['Ioc] aTilt father
The Russian sound [c] is like the Is in English cats. and in the foreign-derived words tsetse and
lsar. The tip of the tongue touches the gum ridge behind the upper teeth. It is always pronounced
hard.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating eel, imitating your
Cyrillic e and H are written after It, they are still pronounced hard.
D. Soft consonant [~l

Usual Cyrillic spelling .. ; sometimes 'lb.
Note the pronunciation of soft [~l in the following:
[~j) ...iii tea

[napOttu] ua nO"Ty to the post office
(Ie;..] o..epa yesterday
[6CiQ] O'feHl, very
Russian [l:] is formed much like English ch in cheap or chin, but without the puff of breath
which occur.; with English ch in the above words.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating [l:], as well as Ihe
paired sets contrasting (l:) and soft (tJ, imitating your instructor (or the tape)
as accurately as you can. Remember that even when Cyrillic a, 0, and yare
written after It. they are still pronounced soft.
LESSON 10 205
E. Sort consonant [5C]
Usual Cyrillic spelling Ill; sometimes Il.lL or C'I (rarely iK)],L).
Note the pronunciation of soft [~] in the following:
[W] LUll. schi

[bMt] oopw borsch
[nascot] lIaC'leT with regard to
Uascik] Jiu.r.J.l'K drawer, box
(Ri!Co] nJiUla food, fare
The Russian sound represented by [scI is pronounced either as a long soft lS] or as a soft {~]
followed by a [el, also soft. It ~ounds something like the sch in English mischief, pronounced rapidly
with sh instead of s. The sound [sc] is considered soft in the Russian sound system and has no hard
counterpart.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating long soft [~cJ, imitating
your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Remember that even
when Cyrillic a and yare written after Ill, they are still pronounced soft.
F. Soft consonant U]1
Note the pronunciation of soft U] in the following:
UaJ
[mojl

MOi1
I
my
[d';lsyida(lj';l] .0:0 CBHJl:aHH.II good-bye
[angin';ljJ al-lI'lIHoi1 with a sore throat
Russian UJ is pronounced much like the English y in you and boy, except that the Russian
sound is made with the tongue much tenser and more elevated, particularly after a vowel. Russian
U] is considered a soft consonant and has no hard counterpart.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating OJ, imitating your
instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
Intonation practice: review of falling intonation contonrs

Reread the discussion on intonation contours in Lesson 6.
A.- Review of statements with falling contours.
6H 3,o:ecb. He's here.
ArtCKceeB y ce6}j. Alexeev's in.
Qlla lIa coGpaHHIf. She's at a meeting.
BJla.o:m.mp y TeJIe$oHa. Vladimir's on the phone.
, In the Cyrillic writing system, the consonant sound m
is ordinarily expressed by the separate letter ii after a vowel only
when there is no vowel immediately following. i.e., at the end of a word or just before another consonant: r.toii fm6jJ. "Tp6iiKa
[tr6jk:l]. It is most often tJl:pn:ssed through usc of the soft-series vowel letters, particularly at the beginning of a word or
between vowels: Ii [j<i). 111010 [maju].
206 LI.'SSON I 0
B,imm B WKa~lY. The forks are in the cupboard.
Olll) 8 Mara3HlIC. She's al Ihe slore.
A.TJlaC Jloporoli. T'hc atlas is expensive.
all B MOCK&e. He's in Moscow.
nOH.n.Y nOCMoTpIO. I'll go take a look.
B6T pecTOpaH. Here's the restaurant.
B'lcpa 6bui: KOm.-CpT. Yesterday therc was a concert.

Y HaC ecn, 6Opw. We have borscb.
Tencpb oua 6oJJbHa. She's sick now.
BaXTep CTOM y.nBCpH. Tbe custodian stood at the door.
Mbi }')ICC o6e.aarlH. We've already had dinner.
all ceH"ac 0 MocKoc. He's in Moscow now.
Y MeH,j Ma.neHbKlUI npOcb6a. I have a small favor to ask.
Oua pa60TaeT lIa <pa6PIIKe. She works at a factory.
R IIAY c pa60TbI. Pm coming from work.
3aM6JJBltTe 3a MeH,j CJTOOC'iKO. Put in a good word for me.
60JJbWOe BaM cnacH60. Thanks very much.
MbJ BellI> CTapbJe llPY:U,,j. We're old friends, after all.
R naBH6 BaC He BH:JteJJ. I haven't seen you in a long time.
OHa olllin. KynMa MaTbe. She has bought a dress again.
allBnOJlne TenCpb 3nopOB. He's completely well now.
Mbi Hell3.BHO OMII 'l3.H. We drank tea awhile ago.
HHHa nOJlro CToJina B O'iepellii. Nina stood in line a long time.
Haao T3.I .uoJlro ;t()l,aTb. One has to wail so long.
Benb -raM pa60TaeT AneKcCeB. Alexeev works there, after all.
B. Review of questions with falling contours (question-word questions).
KTO TAM? Who's there?

KTO cnpaWIlSaeT? Who's calling?
f.ae B3XTep? Where's the custodian?
rIJ.C KHOcK? Where's a newsstand?
\.ITO :lTo? What's that?
KYlla H,lJ,eWb? Where arc you going?
3a'lCM cneWHTh? What's the hurry?
KaK HHHa? How's Nina?
r.uC owi 6bJJJa? Where was she?

KTO TaM CTO,jJl? Who was standing there"
4TO 3TO B WKa<py? What's that in the cupboard"
Y Koro Rbi 6b1J1H? Whom did you go to see?
4TO Bbi .ae.na..rlH? What were you doing?
KTO 3TO rORopJiT? Who's that talking?
Ky.aa omi CneWaT? Where are they hurrying to?
Orkj.aa abl: H,llere? Where are you coming from?
]a "eM Te6C cnewHn. ? What's your burry?
o KOM OH cnp<lluHBa.Jl? Who was he asking about?
4TO cerO.a1lJl: ua 06e.a? What's for dioner today?
o 'IeM HaDHcan K03Jloa? What did Kozlov write about?
Ky.aa Rbi: TalC cnewJiTe? Where are you going in such a hurry?
4TO Rbi TCncpb lle.naere? What are you doing now?
LESSON 10 2fY7
l{TO :ho TaM B yr11Y? What's that in the corner there?
rile Th. :ho JJ.OCTana? Where did you get that?
Kax Tenepb naC'leT ooeJJ.a? How about dinner now?
OTiCYil3 Rbi :ho n011)"1K1I11? Wbere did you get that?
Y oro Bbi :ho y:manH? From whom did you learn that?
Ja'leM Te6e 3TH TeTJlA,D.H? What do you need these notebooks for?
rJJ.e CTOUT flaw peKTOp? Where's OUf chancellor slanding?
Ka.: npowe.n TBO" yp6K? How did your lesson go?
Kh TorAa f13C'1CT ftTnaca? How about an atlas then?
The accusative of KTO, 'ITO, and the personal pronouns

MODELS
tho Bbl TaM BHJJ.elut? What did you see there?

Koro Bbl TaM BH.o.CJUl? Whom did you see there?
Bee npo$eccopa Mellli 3HaIOT. All the professors know me.
_ _ _ _ _ ",60 _ _ _ you.
_ _ _ _ _ .r6 _ _ _ him.
_ _ _ _ ee _ ________ her.
_____ Ha.-- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ us.
_____ 8a. _ _ _ you.
_ _ _ _ _ HX _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ them.
CnpocJhe em, ttftlt npoHTH R filM. Ask him bow to get to GUM.
__ ~ee _ _h.r _
lix _ _ them _
He CMOTpH H3 nero! Don't look at him (or it)!

_ _ _ _ lIa llee! _~ ber (or it)!
_ _ _ _ lIa mix! _ _ _ _ _ tbem!
3aMOJlBitTC 3a MCHJI CJ10BelfXo! Put in a good word for me!

____ 33 Hcro ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for him!
____ 33 lice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for her!
____ 33 1Il1C _ _ for us!
____ 33 IlHX _ _ for them!
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that the accusative is like the genitive for all personal pronouns
and KYO, but that 'ITO has an accusative like the nominative. Note also that afier prepositions the
third person pronouns are Hen>, Hee, and mix; otherwise they are erG, ee, and Hx.
Ask Ivan NikoJoellich [to cornel to the phone. T: nonpociITe rwJO IC TenecP6Hy.
Ask him [to come] to ,he phone. s: noopoaiTe ee II: Tene+6tY.
T: nonpocJhe MBalia HH.K011aCBH'la k (saXTcpa, BonoJUO, HHHy, Mapmo nCT-
TeJlel6uy. PORHy, EBreHWI, Kano, 3HHy, neTpa,
s: nOnpocMTe en> " TeJle4l6trY. HHko11ajl)
208 LESSON 10
QUESTiON-ANSWER DRILL
Where's YOllr dictionary? {Bawe nepo, Baw 110)4(, Barna kHHT'3, BaWH
I left it at home. TeTpa.nKH, BaUJH CJJOBapH, Bama pa60Ta,
T: rile B3W clIooapl> '! Barn aTnac, Baw nopTlj)e.nb, Bame co-
s: A en~ :Ja6blJT AOMa. '(HHe"He, BautH KlIK>'II1)
T: r.ue Barna K3.pTa 1
s: H: ee 3a6blJ1 ,nOMa,
RESPONSE DRILLS
1. Ah, there you are! 2. Here's the dress material.

We've been expecting you for a long time. Where did )'ou get it?
T: A, BOT BY! T: BOT MaTepHan Ha nnaThe.
s: MY DC AaBHO otllJ.Uie.'K. S: r.at BhI ero LtOCT8nH?
T: A, BOT ThI! T: BOT K3.pTa KHT3.R.
s: MW n6li lUl8HO O*Kl1aeM, s: r.ne RW ee JlocriJOt ?
(OHa, OHM, KoJUl, y60pll(HU3., }"IHTeJIh (aTnac AMepHKIl, KapTbi EBponhl, tcapaH-
CeMeHoB, HHHa, 01lbra nellJOBua, neB .naw, orypl..(bl, Pbl6a, KlUtfM, nOPTlj)e.nb,
HHXHTH'I) TeTpa.AH, C1IoBapb)
3. Kozlov was there. 4. Zina isn't ready yet.

I saw him. Wait for her.
T: K03J!68 T3.M 6blJ1. T: 3Hua ewe He rOTOBa.
s: g en~ BH.aeJI, S: no,ll,O:JU4 ee,
T: OEla T3.M 6bU1a. T: R Cute He rOTOB.
s: g ee BKAeJI. s: no,/l,O:llC)Ut Memi.
(TbI, 011, BbI, OHH, HmonaH, TBO" cCcTpbl, (MbI, Oner H 3HHa, 6paT, OHa, cecTpa,
KaTR, npoc:J>eccop OpnOB, TeO" 6paThR) OHI1, TBOR *ella, on, TBOR M)')K)
5. He's here. 6. He's nOl here yet.

Do you know him? We're expecting him.
T: Oil TYr. T: Ero elll,c lib.
s: TbI: ero :JlI1iernL? s: Mw ero o~eM.
T: OHa TYr. T: Y'{llTeJlbHHLU>J ewe IICT.
s: TbI: ee :J1I8etUb ? s: Mbi ee o*HAAeM.
(l1plllla, KOJ1Jl, K03110B, MOll 6paT, MOll (IIX, Komi, HHKOJla.sr, nponaSWHll,hl, ero,
cecTpa, MOil 6paTLR, MOll ceCTpb.l) npoq,eccopa, CeMcHoa3 Hero )Kenbl)
7. There's Zilla over there. 8. We saw the factory.
Ask her. Whal did yOIl see?
T: 86H TaM 311.113. T: Mw 8H.D.eJIli 3aB6J.1,.
S: CnpocMTe eC. s: qTO BbI: BJiAeJlH?
T: BOH TaM BOllO,l]}l. T: Mbl OH.D.CJlH 3ulIy.
S: CnpocM-re erO. s: KorO BbI: OHJJ.CJlH?
(l1plllla ne1ll0BIJa, y60PlltHD;bI, MOit (aTlIac, KapTbI, BOllO,lJ;K>, ifJlUlhM, Barny
6paT, MOR cecrpa, Y"HTeJUI, Y'UtTeJlb- cecTpy, ee 6pa:ra, 6H6nHOTeKY, Y'llITeJISI,
HHUB., 01ler, CTYJleHTbI) pe3YllbTaThI 3k3aMena, Mapmo, KOM-
HaTy)
DISCUSSION
The accusative of personal pronouns and ICTO has tbe same fonn as tbe genitive. Tbe accusative
of 'ITO, however, is like the nominative.
LfSSON 10 209
NOM
Tbl OH, OliO OHa M';' Dbl ami H6 'iTO
ACC MelUi -..6. era ee lIac . .0 OX Kor6 .w

(Hero) (Hee) (nux)
The alternate fonns. Hero, Hee, and HHX, are used only with prepositions: nOCMOT'pIi Ha Hero!
Look at him! Ja.\fOllBNTe 3a Nee ClJO&e'IKO! Put in a good word for her!
The accusative singular of nouns

MODELS
Koro Bb! TaM BH.nellll? Whom did you see there?
- DOpUca. Boris.
- Bna.n.HMHpa. Vladimir.
- npocPcccopa Opn6aa. Professor Orlov.
- EBreHIUI. Evgcoy.
- HHKOnalt. Nikolay.
- K6mo. Kolya.
- BonO.lUo. Volodya.
- Cluny. Sasba.
- HpUHy. Irina.
- Maputo. Maria.
- lhoOOBb. Lyubov.
'-iTo Bba KynHnH? What did you buy?

- Xne6. Bread.
- 4aH. Tea.
- MOJlOlc6. Milk..
- KaPTY KHTb. A map of China.
- Pbl:6y. Fish.
- Cene.llKY Herring.
- TeTpaltb. A notebook.
KY.lla 611 nowen? Where did he go?
- Ha yp6K. To class.
- Ha KOHU,CpT. To a concert.
- B Kny6. To the club.
- B napl(. To the park.
- Ha co6paHue. To a meeting.
- B 06lUe)lOtTllc. To the dormitory.
- Ha cPA6pHKy. To the factory.
- B wKony. To school.
- B 6H6JlHOrelCy. To the library.
- B na60paT6pHIO. To the laboratory.
- Ha neICllHJO. To the lecture (or class).
Kor.ua Bbi 6Y.ueTe .u6Ma. When will you be home?

- B BOCKpeceHbC. On Sunday.
- B nOHe.uenbHHK. On Monday.
210 LESSON 10
- Bo BTOpHHK. On Tuesday.
- B cpCA)'. On Wednesday.
- B 'leTBepr. On Thursday.
- B ruhHHUY. On Friday.
- B cy666Ty. On Saturday.
.si 6y.o:y y uHX oeCb ll,eHb. I'll be at their place all day.
______ BeCb se'lep. ________ all evening.
_____ Bee YTPo. _______ all morning.
______ Bee JIeTO. ________ all summer.
______ BCJO 3HMY. ________ all winter.
______ BCJO seeny. _______ all spring.
______ BCJO Ocelli... ________ all autumn.
______ BCJO He.t\e.mo. _______ all week.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the accusative singular is like the nominative singular except for:
I. Animate cyon-nouns, which use the genitive singular endings.
2. )Kwa-nouns. which have the endings -y and -10 in ~he accusative singular.
CUED SUBSTITUTION DRILL
(Oleg) Do you know Oleg? (HUKOJlall. Y'lHTeJIb, CeMeHos, ero ce-

T: (Oner) Bb"13HaeTe OJlera? CTpa, aMcpmcaHeu rpaHT, CallIa, CTY-
s: By 3UaeTC OJlera? ,lI.CHT K03J10B, EBrcllHH, ero TOBapHlU,
T: (np.ccop OpJlOB) (Bbi) ? ccKperapb)
S: Bb"I 3l1ac..-e npocflCc-
oopa Opm~oa?
RESPONSE DRILLS
1. We have no bread. 2. There's Professor OrJov over there.

I bought bread today. I know Professor Or/ov.
T: Y ",ic BeT XJIe6a. T: BOH TaM upcxpeccop OpnOB.
s: acero.ll:JUI KymiJI XJlOO. s: a lH1bo npocflCccopa OpmlB8.
T: Y Hac HeT 'laR. T: BOH TaM JII060Bb neTpOBlla.
S: acerONul KymiJI "laM. s: a llflbo Jbo668b neTp08ny.
(neT pbl6bI, neT MOJIOK3, HeT K<><Pe, HeT (BoJlO)])l, KypO'lIOtH, DOPUC
ceJ1e)J)(H, nCT aTJlaca, HeT CJlOBapR, HeT MHxaiirIoBH'l, I1pmla J1BaHosna, Komi,
KapTh! EBpOIIhI) ero ccKpeTapb)
I. Where's the key? 2. Was the exam on Monday?

I left the key on the table. No, on Tuesday.
T: rne KJlJO'l? T: 3JOaMeH 6bu1 8 lIOHeJl:e.nbHHK?
s: Kiuo'l Ii OCT8BHJI lI8 CYOJle. S: HliT, 80 BTOpUHK.
T: r,lI.e KHHra? T: 3K3aMeH 6bIJI ao BT6plillK?
s: K'H1try Ii ocraOMJI ua CYOJIe. s: HeT, B cpeJJ.Y.
(MOJlOKO, TeTPanb, p)"lKa. CJl0Bapb, (s cpeJt.y, II 'leTBepr, a nRTHHUY)
llHCbMO. Kopo6Ka, MaTepHan)
LESSON 10 211
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Where's the park? 2. Maybe Kalya heard about that.

I want to go to the park. Ask Katya.
T: rjJ,e mipx? T: M6lKeT 6hm. Kan ClIbnuana 06 nOM.
5: A xo'fj IIOiiTH mlpK. s: CopoctiTe KaTlO.
T: rjJ,e 06me"'HTHe? T: Mo",eT 6b.lTb ]JeD ClIbiwan 06 nOM.
s: A XO'fY nom B06ll.le:t(H-rKC. s: CnpocH-rc JIbB8..
(rYM, 111Kona, <pa6pHKa, Kny6, 60IlhWOH (1110608b nCTpoBHa, EBrellllH, npo<Peccop
3an, 6H6J1HOTeKa) KYPO'lKIIH, ITeTP Hoanoolf'l, ero
TOOaplDlt no "OMHaTe, OJUl, }"urreJlb
CeMeHoo)
3. Nina and Katya were there. 4. Over there is the unil'ersity.
I saw only Katya. rye already seen the university.
T: TaM 6WlH HUlIa If KaTR. T: BOil T3.M ymmepcmtt.
s: A BN.a.eJJ TOnbKO KaTlO. a
S: y:e BliJJ.eJJ )'HHBcpclITer.
T: TaM 6bIJlH Opnoo H KYPO'lKIUI. T: BOil TllM 06tUooITlte.
5: A BHJJ.eJJ TOJlbKO KYpo'IKHlIa. a
s: y*e BH.ueJJ 06ute*H-rKe.
(Bonon)! " OJler, 6paT " cecTpa, Onjl II (nO'lTa, na60paTopltjl, ,ll,Bepb, 3jJ,3HHe
HIIKOJlaii, CTy,D,CH1' If CTy,D,ellTxa, 6116J1l1ore,,". ee "OMlla1"4, KX aymfTOpIDI,
y60ptUIILta If Daxrep, M}'JIC If ",eRa) Mara3HH)
DISCUSSION
Only ito:eHa-nouns and animate CTM-nouns have accusatives which differ from the nominative.
Animate CToJl-nouns have accusatives exactly like their genitives. )Kella-nouns have accusatives
ending in -y (for nominatives ending in -a) and -10 (for nominatives ending in -H).
NOUN ENDINGS IN TIIB ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR
cron-nouns Oh.,.o..nouns *eHa-DOUns ,!lBCpbnouDS
Inanimate Animate (same as (same as

(same as (same as nominative) -y and -10 nominative)
nominative) genitive)
CTOJI K03J100ft OKIIO )KellY ,!:tBepb

nopTcj>Cnb Mf,oKa ,D,eJlo ceCTpY O'lCpe,!:tb
KapaHnaw YKpaUHUft Mo 3URY J1JOOOOb
rYM jlxYra nepO y66putllltY OceUb
TaneU n~pa co6pilHile K6.ntO ,.",aab
<pKtlbM cryneHTft CO'lHHeHHe rantO
KHTaH 6"'", ru"hbC nejJ,e.ntO
yroJi JIboa neHRe Kano
hnac Kilplinna Bon6,/l,1O
Enremul I1CTOPiltO
miplUl
A few It(eua-nouns with the stress on the ending in tbe nominative singular shift the stress back
to the stem in the accusative singular. Compare 3tl\ta with 3N.\f)' winter, cpeLtli with cpeJJ.Y Wednesday.
and llOCKa with lJ.OcKy board.
212 LESSON 10
Summary remarks. The accusative functions primarily to indicate thc goal of a verbal action,
i.e., the direct object of a transitive verb. Used in conjunction with such prepositions as a and tla,
it indicates the goal to which the action is directed. .
The accusative is also frequently used in expressions of timc, where it may occur either with or
without a preposition, for example, B Cy660Ty, Ila hOT pa3, acw 3H:My. When used without a pre-
position, it indicates the complete span of time encompassed by the activity.
Second conjugation verbs with a stem consonant change

in the first person singular present-future
Obi ~aBH6 3~CCb cUlniTe? Have you been sitting here long?
- )la, Bee yTpO CH)f(y 3.ltCCh. Yes, I've been silting here all morning.
Obi 3aBll'a YBH,ullTe HMHy? Will you see Nina tomorrow?
- .nil, yBIDKy. Yes, I will.
nonpocHTe er6 K Tene$OHy. Ask him lO the phone.
- Xopow6, cei.flac IIonpowy. O.K., I'll do it right away.
CnpocHTe KYPO'lKHHa 06 3TOM. Ask Kurochkin about that.
- st 3aBTpa era cnpowy. I'll ask him tomorrow.
t.1T6 Ohl KYnHTe 0 rYMe? What are you going to buy at GUM?
- >1 KynJllo no.uapoK HHl.Ie. I'll buy a present for Nina.
Obi JlI0611TC 'Iail? Do you Ii ke tea?
- .na, O'lCHb JlI06Jno. Yes, I'm very fond of it.
r.uc DblocTaBHTe KmO'l? Where will you leave the key?
- st oC"nlBJlIO ero B MLUHKe. I'll leave it in the drawcr.
Obi MeHM llmHaKoMHTe? Will you introduce me?
- .nil, 1l03HaKOMJIIO. Yes, I will.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that there arc two types of change which may take place in the
first person singular of second conjugation verbs:
1. Replacement of the final stem consonant by an automatic alternatc (compare Thl BH.nHIUh,
Oil BH~RT with Ii B"IKY).
2. The addition of a soft if (compare ThJ Jll00llmb, Oil JJ1001lT with Ii JII06nw).
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
l. You sir home all the time. 2. Zina loves to dance.

T: Thl BCe Bp(:MH CH.uJ.lWh nOMa. T: 3lfHa JII0611T TaHlI,eB3.Th.
s: Tw ace apeMSI CH.uH1Uh .uOMa. s: lAlla mooHT T3I11tellliTl>.
(oHa, MW, BW, OIIH, KaTH, R, MOR )l(eHa, (MhI ace, Ham" CTYAeHTKlI, H, BbI, 1bI, 3Ta
oalilll 6paThR) JJ,csylllKa, nell' II MlUIa, g)
3. f'lIleal'e rhe key with Pyotr. 4. I sometimes see Zina at the movies.
T: >1
ocniBmo KlllO'I y nell'a. T: 51 "HOrlla BIf)Ky 31flly B 10f"0.
s: 5i ocniBJIIO KJIW'f y ne-I'pa. s: A Hllorlla BH*Y 3M:uY B KHIIO.
(oHa, ThI, MhI, BW, H, OHI1) (Oller, TbI, Olin, ShE, g, MOR .n:PY3bSl, MhI,
Moil TOBapHll\ no KOMllaTC)
LESSON 10 213
5. When shall! see you again? 6. I'll ask him for the key.
T: Kor.m\ 1i onlin BaC yufuKy? T:.st nonpowy y lIero KJ110'l.
s: Kor.n,R Ii omin..ae YSD.-y? s: it ooopomj' y Hero K.'UO"I.
(OH, MbI, BonoJVI, 51, 3TII aMepHKalIQbl, (TbI, OHU, MbI, BbI, 1'1, HBaIl, OHa, Hawll
OHIl) CTy.neHThI)
7. rll ask them about that. 8. We'll buy bread tomorrolV.
T: R cnpowy HX 06 :hOM. T: Mbr 3liBTPa KyUHM xne6.
s: j]: enpotuj HX 06 :hOM. s: Mw :J8BTpa KrUMM XJlOO.
(MbI, BbI, KaTM, .neo)'lUKIl, TbI, Oil, JI, (1'1, ThI, BbI, Olla, :liI, OIlH, on, 1I, MbI, BbI,
CTY.neIlTICH ) TbI, :liI)
9. FII introduce him to her.

T: R ero n031laxOMJlK> C HeH.
s: A en) nOJllaKOMJlIO elicit.
(Olllt, MbI, KaTJI, JI, TbI, 8M, Oncr,
ACO)'lUKH, Bono.nJl)
I. Whom did you ask about this? 2. [left the dictionary on his desk.
Whom will you ask about this ? I'll/eave the dictiOffOry on his desk.
T: Koro Tha cnpocJ.in 06 :hOM? T: .st OCTaBItJI cnOoaPb y lIero lIa CTone.
s: KorO tW cnp6cJuu.. 06 :JTOM? s: it OCT8B./UO CJlOsaPb y Hero H8 crone.
T: Koro Bbi cnpocJ.inH 06 :}TOM? T: DHa OCT<lBuna CJlOBapb y Hero lIa CTOJIe.
s: Koro sw cnpOcJrre 06 nOM? s: OHa ocniBHT CJlodp.. y Hero fill CTOJIi.
(Mbf, OHIl, Sf, Olla, OH) (MbI, ORlI, KaT5I, BbI, EBreHHH, ThI, SI,
CTy.neHT, aMepHXaHeu)
3. She bought suit material. 4. ZinG used to ~;it home all (he lime.
She'll buy suit material. Zina sits at home all the time.
T: OHa Kymina MaTeplUln: Ha KOCnOM. T: 31illa Bee BpCMJI cltQena ll,OMa.
s: Od KylDlT MaTepttU H8 KocnbM. s: lNHa Bee BpeMlf CHJ(Ify aOMa.
T: .st xynHn MarepH8.n lIa "ocnOM. T: Bbi see BpeMSI CltQenH .nOMa.
s: A K)'wno MaTepHU H8 IrottIOM. s: BbI ace Bpe~UI eH.whe .nOMa.
(BonoJVI, OHlI, Bbf, ceCTpa, Sf, K03JIOB) (SI, OHa, 3TII CTy.nellTh.l, l'bl, OHM, Mbl, 011)
5. She loved you. 6. They often used to see Oleg.

She 101'es you. They often see Oleg.
T: DHa Bae JU06Hna. T: Oil" '1aCTo 8H.neJIll Onera.
s: OHa de mOOHT. s: Omi 'uino 1IN.1.urT Onera.
T: 6H oac m06Hn. T: Jt '13.cro BH..neJT Onemo .
s: Oil de mOOHT. s: it 'facro luhky OJlera.
(MOH 6paT, Sf, Olm, MbI, 3TOT aMepHcalleu) (011, CTy,ll,eIlTlCa, 3HlIa, MbI, HallIH
,lI,eByrnKH, 8bl, Tbl, }I)
DISCUSSION
Second conjugation verbs undergo a stem change in the first person singular present-future if
their stem ends in .n, T, e, 1, 6, n, B, 4t, or M.
J. Denlals.n, T, e, and J are automatically replaced by tbeir palatal alternates lie, "I, W, and '"
respectively, and the first person singular ending is spelled -yo
2. Labials 6, n, B, l), and M add a sort n before the first person singular ending -10.
214 LE'iSON 10
GROUP I GROUP 2
INFINITIVE BHae...., CllpocHTb JII06Wrb KynWrb OCT8BHTb 1I03t1RKOMHTh

fO see to ask 10 love 10 buy to leave (0 introduce
(;pry) (pry) (ipfv) (pry) (pry) (pry)
so I Slt....y cnpowy JIIo6mo "ywuo ocraMIO 1I0311a"OMJIIO

2 SliD.IIWh cnp6cltlUb m061tlUb KynltlUb OCT:umWb II03I1aKOM"Wb
3 BH.nHT cnp6cuT m0611T Ky""T OCd.BlIT n03HaKoMHT
PC I B"A1IM cnp6cHM m06HM KymlM OCT<umM n03l1axO/lotHM

2 BH.u.Hre cnp6cwre JII06"Te Ky""Te OCTaaHTe 003HaxOMJITe
3 BIUtMT cnpocJIT JIIo6JIT IylUlT ocnIBn n03HaKOMJIT
Note thaf fhe change in Sfem OCClirs only in fhe firsf person singular.
If the stress is on the last syllable of the infinitive, it will fall on the ending of the first person
singular, but win often shift back ODe syllable in all other forms of the present-future. Compare
c:npoam., cnpowj with copOaunb, copOarr. mpOca.\t. cupOarre, cop6cwT. If the stress of the infinitive
falls on a syllable other than the last, it will remain on Jhat same syllable in all forms, for example,
OC"T1iBHTb, OCTlhtJllO, OCTUIIIllb, ocniSMT, ocnisH.\t, ocriBMTe, OCTisaT.
In the past tense, the stress is consistently on the same syllable as in the infinitive, for el(ample,
men., SHD.e.rr, BK.rte.rra, ali.ne.oo, ltIi.ae.mt; mo6Hn., mo6H.rr, nlO6Ma, m06K.rto, nI06MM.
The future of 6bITb

and the formation of the imperfective future
MODELS
.sl GYAY TaM B cy660Ty. I'll be there on Saturday.

TbJ 6Y.l.tCWb _ You'll be _
611 6Y.l.teT _ He'll be _
Mbl GY.uCM _ We'll be _
Bbl 6YJleTe _ You'll be _
Oil" 6yayr _ They'll be _
YTO Dbl 6Y.l.tere Aena..-h? What will you be doing?

- Mw 6YAeM pa6oT3Tb. We'll be working,
Iho Thl 6YAewb Jl,enaTh? What will you be doing?
- .sl 6yay 'f.HTaTh. I'll be reading or I'll read.
YTO Oncr 6YACT n;cnaTh? What will Oleg be doing?
- 611 6yn;cT n"can. ""CbMa. He'll be writing letters.
YTO Oil" GY.l.tyr AenaTb? Wbat will they be doing?
- 01111 6yn;yr TaHlteeaTb. They'lI be dancing.
YTO MhI 6Y.l.teM .l.tenaTh? What shall we do?

- M.bi: 6Y,lleM miTb 'iaR. We'll drink tea.
LESSON to 215
REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the given models, noting that the future of 6Wb may be used alone (in Ihe sense of will
or shal/ be) or in combination with imperfective infinitives to form the imperfective future. Remember
that the future forms of 6Lrn. can never be combined with perfective infinitives.
1. Will you be home this evening? 2. Will you be working tomorrow?

No, I won't. Yes, I will.
T: Bbi 6Yll,eu: JIOMa cerOll,lIJi BeLjepoM? T: Tw 6Y.aeWb pa66TaTb JaoTpa?
s: Hh, lie 6yll,y. s: .D.a. 6YJJ.Y
T: Oller 6Yll,eT ll,OMa cerOll,lISl BC'lCpOM? T: CeKpenlpb 6Y/teT paooT3Tb JaUTpa?
S: Hh, He 6Y,uer. s: )la, 6Y,uer.
(Olll1, Tbl, TBOH 6paT, B3llJa cecrpa) (Jl"3 CTyJJ.ellTKa, Bbl, Mbl, BaWII
TOOapHl1tll, aaXTep)
3. What are you going to do, drink tea?

Yes, we're going to drink tea.
T: 4TO Bw 6YHere HenaTb, min. 'faii?
s: .D.a, MW 6y,ueM min. 'tliii.
T: 4T1J aM 6Y.aeTe .aenaTb, TaHUea3TL?
s: .D.a, MW 6y,ueM Tauuesan..
(nHean. CO'fHHeHHe, 'tHTaTb CTUX",
roaopHTL C HUMH, )KJtaTb CCKpeT3pJl,
CJIywaTh nCKlVut, 06e.aaTb B peCTopallc)
1. I didn't ask aboutthat. 2. I didn't think about that.

I wOIf't ask about that. I won't think about that.
T: Jt
06 :lTOM He cnpaWHOaJI. T: Jt 06 jTOM ue .nYMaJI.
S: Jl 06 nOM He 6y,uy cnpallltman.. s: It 06 :hOM He 6YJJ.Y JJ.YMan.
T: Qua 06 iTOM lie cnpawHaana. T: Bw 06 nOM lie JIyManH.
s: OHli 06 ::rOM He 6Y.aer cnpaWHUn.. s; BbI 06:hOM He 6YlleTe AYMaTb.
(TbI, Mbl, Oll, Bbl, OHH, y'tHTeJlhlUlLta, (OHH, Mbl, Tbl, Jl, )f(ella, MOll TOaapllutH)
npo<fleccopa, yKpaHlleu, CTy.aCHTbl)
3. We drank tea.
We'l/ drink tea.
T: Mw mimi 'taii.
s: Mw 6Y.aeM min 'faM.
T: Tw min '1aii.
s: Tw 6Y,ueun. min. 'Iii.
(OHM, abl, alia, OIl, JI, M)')K H ",ella. MOil
cecTp3, Moii TOOapHllt, CTyHclITbI, 3TOT
nape"b)
216 ~N 10
QUESTIONANSWER IJRILLS
I. Who'll be there? Volodya? 2. What will you be doing?

Yes, Volodya will be there. rll be reading.
T: KTO TaM 6rAeT? Bono.lUl? T: 4TO Bb! GYJIeTe JIclIan.?
S: )la, TaM 6YACT BomJ,!JJI. s: st 6YAY oomin..
T: KTO TaM 6YAef? CTy.o.CHTbI? T: 4T6 all 6YAeT JJ,enaTb?
S: .lla, T8M 6yAYT CTYACHTbI. s: On 6yJJ,eT "lHTlin..
(MapHJI, saw 6p3T, )"iHTeJUI, TROll (OHH. Mhi. TW, olla. TBOH TOBapHlU.
TosapUUVI, npo.n3BlUHI.(hI, 3H1Ja) CTy.nCIITbI. TOOR cecTp3)
3. Will you drink tea? 4. Will you be dancing?

No, / won't. Yes. / will.
T: Tbi 6Y.lleWb miTh 'faH? T: Bbl 6Y.nCTC TaHUCOaTh?
S: Hh, tie 6YJ1.Y. s: .lla, 6j.ny,
T: QHa 6Y.neT miTb 'fa"" T: Olla GY.neT TaH1l,eaaTb?
s: HCT, He 6Y.lleT, s: ,l(a.
6y,a,eT.
(10.11.1, OHH, on, 81.1, TROH T08apHllt, 3TH (Tltl, MhI, CTyACIITbI, TOOM TOBapHlU.
napUH,)"UJTeJU:,HHllbI) YXpaHHlUtI, TBO~ cecTp3, rpYlHHhl, 3TOT
napeHlt)
I. rm reading War and Peace. 2. Whol were you doing?

rll be reading War and Peace. Whol will you be doing?
T: R IJIfT3.IO .BOHuY H /l.Utpt. T: 4T6 BbI .nenanH?
s: st 6yAY "lmn. ccBoiiuy R Mifp,., S: lfT6 .bI 6j.nen Ae.nan.?
T: Ou 'fHT3.er .BOHHj II MHpt. T: 4TO SbI IlHcA.nH?
s: Ou 6yJJ,eT "lKT8.n. ccBoiiuj U M"pn, s: 'ho Rbi 6jAeTe utlc8n.,
(ol-m, Mbl, Tbl, Olla, CTy.ll.CIITbl, Bbl, MOH ('lHTan". rIOKynanH. mum. cnpaWHSaJIH)
TOUapl-ll.U)
3. We're silting by Ihe window. 4. 2ina's al Ihe dance.

We'll be sitting by Ihe window. 2ina will be at Ihe dance.
T: MW CHJJ.HM Y OKua. T: 3uHa lIa T3H@X.
s: Mw 6YlleM CII,lI,en. y Otma, s: 3Htta 6j.neT Ha l'iHQax.
T: A CHJKy Y OKHa. T: Olll' lIa T3Hl\ax.
s: st 6y AY cttJ],en. Y OKlta. s: 011" 6Yl.yr Iia TIlHltQX.
(01111, K03110B, KaTH, Tbl, Bbl, c-rYJICH* (Hawil napmt, ~, MhJ., BOITO./VI Hero
TKII, OH) Toaapmu)
5. He was at the library.
He'll be at the library.
T: On 6bui B 6H6JlHOTtKC.
s: 6n 6y,a,eT 6H6nHOTCKe.
T: Bbl Gbl1H1 a GHGlIHOTeKC.
s: Bw 6j.nen B 6H6JIHOTCKe.
(aee np<$eccopa, 3Ta CTy.nCHTlCa, ~, 3TOT
CTy.nCIIT, 10.11.1. OHn)
LPSSON 10 217
DISCUSSION
As in the past tense, the imperfective and perfective aspects are sharply contrasted in the future.
The imperfective future is used to describe future activity not specifieally marked off in time, or
activity expected to occur more than once in the future. Thus the focus is on the activity as a process
or recurring phenomenon. Th.is type of future is formed by means of the future of 6brrb plus the
imperfective infinitive.
The perfective future, on the other hand, describes future activity of a more concrete, realizable
nature. It focuses on the completion or accomplishment of the activity, and it concerns itself more
with the result than the process. It is a simple form, structurally like the present tense and employing
the sa":le personal endings as the present tense.
EXAMPLES
tPFY l-1JT R 6y~y .o:jMaTh 06 :hOM. I'll be thinking about it.

PFV FUT R nO.IIYMatO 06 :hOM. I'll think about it or I'll think it over.
IPFY FlIT Mbl 'lTO-HH6ym, 6Y.o:eM .o:enaTh. We'll [be] doling] something.
PFV l--UT Mbl '1TO-HH6y.o:b cllenaeM. We'll do something or We'll get someth.ing
done.
IPFY FUT QRK 6Yll)'T Mooro cnpaUlltaaTb. They'll ask a lot of questions.
PFV FUT QIlIf cnpocslT 06 :hOM. They'll ask about that.
In short, the imperfective aspect emphasizes the "doing," whereas the perfective emphasizes
"gctting the thing done."
KYlla and rile: directional versus locational concepts
Ky)];3. Dbl cnernine? Where are you hurrying to?

- ,lI,oMoii. Home.
r.o:e Dbl 6bUlH etcb lleHb? Where have you been all day?
- ,lI,OMS. At home.
Ky.o:3. Olla H,1J;eT? Where's she going?
- Qm\ H,l],eT liS no1fT)'. She's on her way to the post office.
r)];C OHa? Where is she?
- Qua Ha nO<tTc. She's at the post office now.
nofuJ,eM B KJlY6. Let's go to the club.
B KJly6e 6YJI)'T TaHll,bl. There'll be dancing at the cJub.
R He XO'lY li,lJ,TK TY.o:3.. I don't want to go there.
KTO riM 6YJICT? Who'll be there?
'HlUt CfOAA. Come here.
6" 3Jl,Ccb. He's here.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the distinction between "directional" and "Ioeational" concepts
in Russian is observed both in the adverbs and in the ease system.
218 LESSON JO
CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRIll
Where's she going?

To the park.
T: (miplC) Ky.nA OHa HJJ,er?
8 uapK.
"
T: (miplC) Cae OHa 6b1J1a?
s: 8 napKe.
(MaraJI1Il) Kyna 8b1 Hltcre?
(M3ra3l1u) rJJ.e BLI DocTanH KQCT.oM?
(Jla60paTopWl) KYJJ.a BM cncwiITe?
(na60paTOplUI) rDe OHa pa66TaCT?
(Ja80.a) KYDa OH nowful?
(,..60) r.ut saw MY.?
(no'ITa) Ky.nA nowen J.1eaH?
(no'lTa) rDe OH renepb?
(6H6JlHOTiICa) KYDa OHa cnewHna?
(6H6JlHOTeKa) Cae QHa Tcnepb?
RESPONSE DRILL
He was at the club. A nou.rtY B Manl.3lt.tI.

Where? Mhi cneWHnH lIa pa66Ty.
T: 0H 6blJl B KJlj6e. A ocni.SJ.IJI ceO" nopT<pt:nb nOMa.
S: r.~? nOHAeM B 6H6nMoRICY.
T: On cneWHn ua o6en. Obi cnpocHTe B Mara3HHe tla yrny.
S: Ky,a,a? 0K Ja6hln KJlto'lH tla JaBOne.
R .nYM3K> nOHTi'f B
KHIIO. .s1 cncwliJI lIa no'ny.
OIl" 6Y.nyr T3nUeBan, B KnY6e. MLI lVJ,eM Ila TaKUbI.
R 3a6hui CJJoaapb 8 CTonOaou. CTy,nCHTbl cculfac tla 3K3aMeUaX.
OK" KJIYr DOMOH.
I. He's here. 2. I'm at tlork.

He"s coming this way (or here). l'm on my way to work.
T: 0H 3ll;ecb. T: A tla pa66re.
s: On ~e-r CIOAA. s: A HJJ.Y Ha pa61hy.
T: OU ua pa66-re. T: .s1: Ha ypOKe.
S: OH M,.lJ.CT Ha pa6OTy. s: A HJJY"8 yp6K.
(ou B 6H6nHOTeKC, ua KOHuep-re, 311ecb, (Ha JaBODe, lIa nOlfTe, ua nCXLtHH, tla
TaM,110Ma) co6paHHH, Ha cnyx6e, Ha JIOaMCtlC, tla
06eDe)
3. He's going to town.

He's been in town.
T: 0" H.O.CT B rOpoA.
s: 0" 6biJi B ,'6poJl,e.
T: Oli H.O.eT B Mara3"H.
s: 0" 6hui B Mara3Hue.
(8 rYM, B wKony, 8 6H6J1HOTeICY, 8
ytmBcpclfTeT, B KHIIO, B Kny6, B 06we-
JHTHe)
L.ESSON 10 219
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. He's already been downtown. 2. / forgot my briefcase at the library.

Fm going downtown flOW. I'm going to the library.
T: 6n YJKC 6bJJl B ropo,Lte. T: R 3a6bJJI nop-repeJlh B 6H6JlHOTCKe.
s: TeuepL Ii H~ B ropo,D;. s: H HAY 8 6H6J1HOTeKY.
T: 611 YJKc 6hW Ha pa66Te. T: R 3a6hlJl nOpnfK:Jlb B ymmepcHTbe.
s: TeuepL Ii HJti' ua pa60T)'. S: H HAY 8 ymmepcHTeT.
(a 6H6mfOTeKe, Ha 3aBO,lJ,C, H3 ypOKe, B (B UlKOJIe, B rYMe, BMara3HHe, B o6me-
llIXOJle, n3 3K33MCHC, B 06me:lKHTHI1, B :lKHTHI1, Jl,OMa, 8 ropcOBeTe)
rYMe, n3 co6paHHH)
3. Its time to go to school. T: nopa H.ilTIl H3 pa66Ty.
Well, here we are at school already. S: Hy BOT, MbI y'lKe U3 pa66-re.
T: nopa HJtTlI B lllXOJlY. (B 6H6J1HOTeKY, B )'lIHBepcHTeT, B Ma
s: Hy sOT, MY p>e B UlKOJte. raJHII, Ha CllYJK6y, Ha no'lTY)
Was he at home? 611 cncuntJl B KHH61

Yes, but where were you? 6R 3T<) CnhllllaJI BmKOJlC?
T: 6R 6bJJl ,D;6M3 ? 611 nowen B lllIC6JlY?
s: )],8, a r JJ,e Rbi 6W1IH? 6R no 'JHT*," B 6H6JlHOTCKe?
T: 6R cnewH.f1 Ha o6e.ll? 611 CDelllH.rl B 6H6J1HOTeKY'?
s: )],8, a KYAli w.i coemliJIH? 6n 6bJ1J B napKe '?
611 6w.n B KHRD? 6n nOUIell 8 mlplC?
DISCUSSION
The distinction between where to and where at is observed both in the adverbs (KyJJ,a versus
r.ue; .uoMoii versus .uoMa) and in the case system. For example, prepositions Band Ha musl be
followed by the accusative if destination is involved and by the prepositional if only location is
involved.
I. Ky.u8 question with destinational (where to) adverb or accusative case in the answer:
KYAIi BW Hltere? Where are you going [toJ1

- nOMOH. Home[wardJ.
-B ""l'6. To the club.
- Ha nO<ITY. To the post office.
- B lllKOJlY. To school.
- Ha c.rr)'JK6y. To work.
2. ritC question with locationaJ (where at) adverb or prepositional case in the answer:
rAe BW 6WM? Where were you?
- nOMa. At home.
- B K,rry6e. At the club.
~ Ha no'JTC. At the post office.
- B lllKOJle. At school.
- Ha CJI)IJK6e. At work.
220 LESSON 10
KEY QUESTION TYPE! OF VERB TYPE! OF ADVERB CASE REQUIRED AFTER
WORD BAND Ha
KYJl8 destinational deslinational accusative

e.g. It.lrnf, nouTH, nOMoD, TY.Q3, CJOAA Ita no'tTy, 8 UlIony
cnewHn.
rue locatwnal locational prepositional

e.g. 6brTh, rirb, JJ.oMa, T3M, JJJ.6cJ,. Ha nO'fTe, 8 WKone
CHllCn., paOOTaTh
4TEHI1E H nl1ChM0
- tT~ .fiu.I- fa ~ HA-- ~ (' -~ ~ ~ ..flu ~

~~?_(/~"~lk~:'.%N~
~ ~?- ~ ~. a:Il ~ 'f fVM- rJirm- .mr-
.w.I{. (' -.1t-- ~ ~.
LESSON 10 221
~ .9fhOift- ~ ~
f<k r.vur ~? -~, t-
~-51~ J<- ~ -e r4
-~ ~ ~ t ~ ?aftun- ~- Cfuw-
.-no-CM- ~ ~ .e 1Ci<d. - ;ih 1.fL '1diur m.a-.u.-~?
- ~ ~ ,,~ <-<- ~:' - .j)om. 4CQA(. ! Xa--
~2_~. y~ +nM<M-t. ~1"F~.
- 3wut-, ~ ~ l ::ffiur ..<W<i: ~ ct..u..-~

~. A ffA-- ~..u..~. -~ ~! ~ +<J.~_
-0<>-, ~ -.. t.urr=
~ -t.<UUiu.. t -1CM.I<D:
- Bbl He 3HaCTe. CTonoe3S1 Y)i(C OTKpbIT3? - Aa, H SI Y)l(C noo6en3Jl. - A 'HO 6b1JlO
ccrO,lUUI Ha o6e.a:? Haocpuo, K3K Bcer.o,a, lUH? - ,ll,a, UHl 11, KQUC'IHO, Kawa. bblJIa pbl6a,
HO 60JlbWe neT. - BOT nOC3}.l;a! J,:{a:lKc ",O,TH lie XO'ICTCJl.
- 3HHa, nO"lCMy 1'bl Bee BpCMSI CHllHWb .llOMa? - A Ky.o.a 3,lleCb MOjKlIO nOAHt? - B
Kny6, B Inmo. - B KJly6e CKy'lHO. - HeT, He Bcer.aa, B nSlTHHu,y GYAyT T31J1lbi. - A 31'0
npyr6e .ne.no. TaHUC83Tb SI moGmo.
- KHpHJIJl, no 31'01 - 31'0 <l>wumn, CTYllCUT 113 AMCpHKH. - Tbl JllalWM C HI1M?
- .ll.a, Mbi '13CTO o6eAacM BMccre B CTOnOOO". - 011 XOpoWH" napeUb? - Lla. O'fCHb.
XO<tCWb, SI Te6x n03U3KOMlllO C HHM? - KOHC'fHO. SYll.Y O'lCHb pan.
- Ha30BHTe JlHH McneIlH. - )lHH HCJJ.eJ1H: nOHC,ltCnbHHK, BTOP"MK, cpeJla, '1eTBepr,

TUITHItll.a, cy660Ta, BOCKpeceHbe. ~ KaKoH cerOJl"" AeHb? - CerOJlH$I cpena. - KaxoH
nellb 6blJ1 B'l'epa? - B'Iepa 6blJ1 BTOP"HK. - A KaKoH neHb 6yneT 3aBTpa? - JaBTpa
6yneT 'l'eTBepr. - A nOCJleJ3BTpa? - nOCJIe3aBTpa 6YAeT n$lTHHll.a.
222 LESSON 10
R XO'fy noiint a KIlHO. R cnpOCll1l3, 'ITO 1111eT a KI1110 11 y3llan3, 'fTO H,O,eT (,BOHH3 H
MHp)). 51 Y)f(e IHllIeJIa 3TOT <pHnbM. MO)f(eT 6hITb nOH'nt 0 Kny6? TaM, HaoepHo, 6ynYT
TaHUbl.
B'Iepa 113 neKlllt11 npoepeccop Opnoa O'feHb mlTepecliO rooopl1n 0 Ilaponax CCCP:
o }IKyTaX H rpyJI1Hax. Ha cnenYlOweH Henene OH 6yneT rOaOpl1Tb 06 YKpaI1H1l3X. Oner
YJKe CJlbIWa.n ero MHoro paJ, a ~ TonbKO OAHH paJ.
Y K03J1ooa u ero Toaapuwa B '1eTSepr 3K3aMeHbl. OHI1 aee YTPO CI1Ael1l1 B 6u6Jl110TeKe.
Ceii'lac OHI1 I1AYT B pecTOpaH. nOCJle o6eAa OHH omlTb noii.a.yr a 6H6JlI10TeKy.
R cnpocHJI TOBaplfwa. rAe MO)f(HO .QOCTaTb aMepuKanCKIfH CJl0Bapb Be6cTepa. Oil He

31fan. Mbi cnpoClflll1 8 611611HOTeKe, HO TaM TaKoro CJl08ap~ He 6b1110. Tor.Qa Mbi cnpocH11H
8 M31-a3HHe Ha yrny, HO TaM TO>Ke He 6blno. Ii npoAaBUlHu.a He JllaJla, rJ:l,e ero MO:;KHO
KynHTb.
HHKonaii H raJI}l secb AeHb CHJJ,enH 8 6H6J1HOTeKe. OHH 6blJ1H O'lellb rOnOAlfbL OIiH
XOTeJlH noo6eAaTb B CT011080ii, HO TaM 6WI1 T011bKO 60PUl " Kawa. TorAa HIiKonaij H
raJlJ1 nownH B pecTopaH.
I..ESSON I0 223
LESSON 11
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION B KHHO
.aOOPblH kind, good

1100PblH se'fep. Good evening.
,llOOpwH ee..ep, 3M"a. . Good evening, Zina.
Dbi 'fTO * ll,enaeTe?

One,.! Bw 'fT6 TjT lIenaen:?
Wbat are you doing here?
Oleg! Wbat are you doing here?
KapnfHa (gen pi npnfH) picture

na Kapnrna tbjs (or that or the) picture
A XO'fy nOCMo-rpeTb :hy KapTiluy, I want to see this picture.
A TO)l(e XO'fy nOCMOTpC:Th :hy KapnlllY I, too, want to see the picture.
.ua SOT [d~vot] well, why
,lla BOT To*e XO'iy nOCMOrpen. :7ry KapTHIIY Why, I want to see the picture, too.
Is that so!
xo.ultTb (11) to go, attcnd
XO)Ky, XOlVlT I go, they go
Dw miKor.aa He xo.uHTe 8 KI1HO. You ncver go to the movies.
A II .ayMaJI3, 'fTO 8b1 II11Kor.ll.3 lie x01UlTe BUI I thought you never went to the movies.
8 KIIIIO.
As you see, I do.
BCTpCnlTb (prv II) to meet, encounter

UCype'fy, BCTptrHT I'll meet, thcy'll meet
A BaC SCTpeTHJI. I met you.
y.na'f3 luck, good luck
BOT y.na'fa what luck, what a lucky break
J.1 sOT yaha - eac BC'I"piTIIJl. And what a lucky break-I've met you.
KfuKJJ.b1H each, every

Dbi Mewi BH.!lHTe KfuKD.blH .aeHb. You see me every day.
nO'IeMy ywi'la? Obi Me.lli aliLJ,KTe KlhtcJ:u,Ui Why is it a lucky brC'dk? You see me every
)leMb. day.
11a, 110 H3 )allJITUJlX. Yes, but in class.
225
1l0rOBOpIITb (pfv II) to talk (a bit), have a talk
1l0roBopfb, noroBopkr I'll have a talk, they'll have a talk
He 1l0rOBOpHWb one can't talk, you can't talk (lit, you
won', talk)
TaM fie noroBopHWb. You can't talk there,
D.li, HO ua 3auliTMflX, Ti.... He noroeopMun.. Yes, but [only] in class, You can't [reallyJ talk
there.
A 0 '!el\ol *e Rbi xontTe noroBOpiiTb? And what is it you want to talk about?
Muoroe many things, lots of things

o MHOroM. About a lot of things.
ce6.li oneself (ren pron)
o ce6e about oneself
o sac, ce6e
0 about you, about myself
HallpllMep for example
HanpHMep 0 Rae, 0 ce6e. For example, about you, about myself.
ycnhb (prv I) to succeed, manage, make it

ycnc.o, ycneloT I'll manage, they'll manage
He ycneeM. We won't succeed or We won't be able to.
BpeMCHH HeT there's no time
He ycneeM, BpeMeHH HiT. We won't be able to [because] there isn't time.
OTKPblB3Tb (I) to open
oTKpblBafO, OTKpblRalOT I'm opening, they're opening
YJKe D.Rep" oupbloalOT. They're opening the doors already.
He ycneeM, OpeMCHM .reT. Y*e ll8kptr We won't be able to [because] there isn't time.
on:pW8HJOT. They're opening the doors already.
SUPPLEMENT
onbnblBaTJ. (I) to come late, to be late

onhllblBaIO, OnaJllbIBaIOT I come late, they come late
Bh.i BcerD.a on8.JllblBaCTe. You always come late.
OnOJAaTb (pfv I) to be late
on03AalO, OnOJAalOT I'll be late, they'll be late
Ii on03Aa.n(a) f'm late, I was late
HJBIUlIITe, 'fTO R On03D.:l.u(a). Excuse me for being late.
1l0'fb (0 night
1I0<tb1O at night
cnOKOHfUol" quiet, calm, serene
CnOKOHHOH HO'!H! I Good night!
IlrpaTb B (plus ace) to play (a game)
Bh.i Hrpae-re B dpTbl? Do you play cards?
Bh.illrpaeTe B TenIlHC?[ftelJis] Do you play tennis?
Bbi IIrpaere B lYTooJl? (fTudbolJ Do you play soccer?
Bbl IIrpaeTe B 6dic60JI? [vbejzb61] Do you play baseball?
Bbl IIrpaeTC B XOKKeii? [fxa~ejl Do you play hockey?
BeCHa spring
Bh.i 6YACTe TaM BCtO DecHy? Will you be there all spring?
BC(;HO" in spring
, C_Oiaoi - - . like --0 xopOmcro, is in the ptive case. This is usual wilh fareo.vells and wishes for bapplncss..
226 LESSON II
BeCIIOH Mbl 'laCTO I1rpaeM B TCHHHC, In spring we often play tennis.
nCTO summer
Bbl 6Y.aeTC nlM BCe mho? Will you be there all summer?
JICTOM in summer
)1CTOM Mbl 'Iac-ro HrpaeM B 6eHc66ll. In summer we often play baseball.
JIlM6H in winter
31lMOii Mbl '1aCTO .lrpaeM B XOKKCH. In winter we often play hockey.
6ceHblO in autumn
6ceHblO MW '1aCTO IlrpaeM B 4JyroOll. In autumn we often play soccer.
ClCOpo soon
B M3raJHlle clC6po 6ynYT K<i.pTl>l. They'll soon have maps in the store.
B KHHO
Oner )l;06PbtH se'l.ep. 3m.3!
3MH3 2 Oncr! Bbi 'ITO * .ll.e.naeTe?
Oner 3)l;a BOT TO)ICe xO'ly nOCMOTpeTb :hy KapTMHy.
3HH3 4 BOT K3x! A R .ll.yMana, 'ITO BLI HHKOr.ll.3 He XOAHTe B XHH6. 1 1
Oner 5 KftK BMAJlTe, XOlKY. H BOT y,ltaqa - sac BCTpeTHJI.
3MHa 6 nO'ieMy Y.ll.3<ta? BbI MeHR BH,nHTe K3)IC,ltbtH ACUb.
Oller 7 ,Ua, no H3 JaHRTHu. TaM He norOBopUWb.
3uHa 8 A 0 lfCM :lKe BbI: xoTkre norOBOpHTb ?
Oner 9 0 MHO rOM. Hanpl1MCp 0 sac, 0 eeoc. J
NOTES I Note that in a subordinate clause, Russians usc the present tense if the pre-
sent tense is really meant. Compare the English, / thought you neyer weill to the
mOYies, where a past tense verb went is required because it is preceded by a past
tense verb rhought in the main clause. The Russian past tense is only used to describe
events in the past that no longer occur in the present. sI .aYM8J18, 'ITO Rbi HHKorJUi
lie XO,AHJIH B KHUll would mean / thought you Neyer used to go (or had gone) to the
movie.!>'.
Activities begun in the past and continuing in the present require the present
tense in Russian. For example:
Bw ,ttaBHo J,ttCCb )KHBeTe? Have you been living here long?
A. J.neCb pa66T3.JO C 6ceHH. I've been working here since fall.
~ XO.ruh'b differs from IIl(lli in that it describes the activity of going in general
terms, to go or to at/end, whereas H,LtTIi is more specific and means to be going or
to be on one"s way
Compare ~ XO)Ky ua c06pil.nHg, I go to the meetings (I attend meetings).

with .H It,nJ Ha c06paHHe. I'm going to a meeting (I'm on my way to
a meeting).
LESSON II 227
With such adverbs as "aCTO, peAKO, HHKorna, and NHOrJIJi, the verb XO,rofn. is
normally used: BY ..aCTO xO./DfTe B napK? Do you often go to the park?
) Note that the reflexive personal pronoun ce6e (rather than ~) must be
used here since the subject of the sentence and the object of the preposition 0 are
the same:
..sf He XO'ly roaopkTl, 0 ce6e. I don't want to talk about myself.
The single form ce6e can refer to any of the personal pronouns:
Om1 AYMaeT ce6e.
TonhKO 0 She thinks only of herself.
OHM ,DjMaJOT TOm.KO 0 ceW. They think onJy of themselves.
Bbi .QjMaere TOIlbKO 0 ce6e. You think only of yourseJf{or yourselves).
Ce6i has no nominative form. It is usually cited. in the accusative-genitive form
6li.
4 U one is late to a motion-picture performance, be win not be allowed to enter
while the picture is being shown; nor is it customary to leave before the picture is
over. If this were done at a play, it would be considered uncultured HeKyJlbTYPHO.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION , nOcne KHHO
Hy dK? well, how about it?

noupaaHThCSI (pfv 11)1 to like (iii. to appeal to)
Hi K8K? nOHpUK.IIOCb? Well, how about it? Did you like it?
Ta~OH such, so, like that
>1 TaKMX kapTHH Cute He BHnena. I haven't seen any pictures like that before.
OtteHb. A nlllaD. t.-apnlH eme He BH.neJ1a. Very much. I haven't seen any pictures like
that before.
Neither have I or Same here.
TOJlCTO" (gen sg TOJlCToro) Tolstoy
nOHHMlUtHe understanding
.sf ue o:ll7Knan nur::oro nOHHM:iHH. ToncrOro. I didn't expect such understanding of Tolstoy.
)t He O~ OT aMepMriHues TaK6ro I didn't expect such understanding of Tolstoy
00flJt\t&an TOJICTOro. from the Americans.
HrpATb (I) to play
KTO Hrpan HaT3.wy? Who played. Natasha?
HM$l (gen and prep sg HMeHH, nom and name, first name
ace pI HMella, gen pi HMeH)
..sf 336buta HMJI. I forgot the name or I've forgotten the name.
A ..., ,6 KJ1nin Harimy? A 386W.'1a liM. But who played. Natasha? I forgot the name.
, The verb ~ is a rdkxive verb which is typically U5ICd in constructions requirin, lbc dative case. The form
..pUa.'JOQ, is neu!cr put. lense, and it may be literally traMlatq;:l as if ap~/td Of if moth Q !a'ltN'obk impression.
228 LESSON II
nbMIIHTb (II) to remember
n6MIUO, nOMH}lT I remember, they remember
B TOjKe HMetuI He UOMIIIO. I don't remember her name either.
BbiTOBOpHTb (prv II) to pronounce, say

BbiToBOPJO, BbiTOBOP}lT I'll pronounce, they'll pronounce
lie BblTOBOPHWb one can't pronounce, you can't pronounce
(lit. you won't pronounce)
y tuIx H.\teH3 - He SblroBopHllth. They have Dames you can't pronounce.
AMepKK8.lUD>I He MOryr sbiToBOPHTb pyCCKHX Americans can't pronounce Russian names.
HMeH.
A llMepllriHuw, Ha:sepao, pycc,,"1IX "-\tea He Americans probably can't pronounce Russian
lUOryr shiroaopMTb. names either.
HaSepHO. Probably.
BbI '1aCTO xo,zU:lTe B KHHO KnK 8 Kny6 '1 Do you often go to the movies or to tbe club?
C"a"'IiTe, SLI lIaCTO X6~HTe 8 KHlfO HnH B Knj6? Tell me, do you often go to the movies or to
the club?
8 KHlIO - .. aCTO, a B KJly6 - HeT. To the movies, often; but to the club, no.
Ha T3.HUbl to dances, to a dance
p,'1JBe 'fTO [razyi~t:;)J unless maybe
PliJBe 'fTO Ha riHQw. Unless maybe to a dance.
Then you like to dance?
Xol"liTe uorn S cy666ry? , Do you want to go Saturday'!
I'd be glad to or I'd love to.
JlOTOaopHn.cR (pfv II) to agree, come to an understanding
JJ.OTOBOpHnHCb we've agreed. it's agreed, it's a date
lHli'fMT, ~orosoptimtc ... Then irs a date.
SUPPLEMENT
laMHnKSI last name, family name

KfIK BaWa $aMHnHSI ? What's your last name?
- MoA laMHlIHSI neTpon. My last name is Petrov.
Kb Bawe HMSI? What's your first name?
- Moe HM1l neTp. My first name is Pyotr.
HMlI H 6T'fecTBO first name and patronymic
Kb Barne H:WI H OT'IecTBO 71 What are your first name and patronymic?
-Moe HM}I H OT'lecTBO nihp l1BaHOBH'I. My first name and patronymic are
Pyotr Ivanovich.
JUno (I) to call
30By. JOBYr I call, they call
Kh BaC 30BYr? What's your name? (Lil. What do they call
you?)
- MeHM 30BYr IiopHC neTp6BH'f OpnOB. My name is Boris Petrovich Orlov.
I Russians u$U3..l1y omit tbe conjunction _ in speech.
LESSON 11 229
nOCJIe 1<""0
OJlt~r I Hi dK? OOHpaeKJIOCb 1 1
3uHa 2 OlfeHb. .st TaKHX KapTlf:u eme He BHne.n3.

Oner 3 Jt TO:llCe. He O:llCHJJ.a.n OT aMepHK3HlteS TaKOra nOHHMaHHx TOJlCTOro. 2
3HH3 4 Ali. A no HrpAn HaTftwy? .st 3a6W3 "MX. 3,.
Oner 5 >t TOlKe "MeHH He n6MIDO_ Y BHx HMeHa - He BwrOBopHWb. 5
3HHa 6 A aMepUK3HUbi. Hasepuo, pyCCKHX HMeR He MOryT Bb.J.fOBOPHTb.'
Ollef 7 HaaepHo. CKaJKHTe, BhI ..a.CTO XOAHTe 8 KKHO UJIH B K.JIj6?
3HIla 8 B KUUO - 'faCTO, a B KJly6 - RCT. Pa30e 'fTO H3 T3.HUbl.
Oller 9 Tax DbI JUo61ne TaHueBlln.? XOTihe noiiT" B cy666Ty?
3uHa 10 C YAOOOJlhCTBHeM.
Qner 11 3H3.'1HT, .llOrOBopHJUtCb.
NOTES I The verb HpaSJITbCJI (perfective nOHpaBMTt.C1iI) is the usual word for to like
and expresses a milder apprecialion Ihan mo6MT... which means both to like and
to fOlie. In connection with something experienced for the first lime, upaBKT1>CJI,
noupaBHTbeJI must be used: Hr, OOapSBHJlOCl.? Well, did you /ike it? JIJo6Hn. de-
scribes a stronger, more deep-seated emotion or attitude: A mo6.'UO nuuesan.
rm lJery fond of dancing. In the sense of 10 love, only JD06Iin, can be used.
1JIeB TOJJC'I"6H (1828-1910) is one of the major figures in Russian literature.
His long novel 8oiiHa H MHP~) Wor and Peace was wriuen in the early 1860's.
Notice that TOJ]CTOM is adjectival in its declension, e.g., TOJlcrOl"O (gen sg).
JThe noun HMJI, like BpeMiI and a handful of other Russian nouns with the
nominative cnding in --Mil, is neuter. H~IH usually applies to the first name,
but is sometimes used in reference to both first and last names, especially when
speaking of prominent personalities. In asking a person's name, the adverb KaK
is used:
KaK BaWe HMJI? What's your first name?

KaK Ballle HMJI H OT'fecTBO? What are your first name and patronymic?
KaK BaWa $aMHJnuI? What's your last name?
KaK er6 30BYT? What's his name?
Note that Russians use the perfective past of certain verbs when, in corre-
4
sponding situations, tbe present tense is more common in English:
.st 33.6blJl eC 1iMJI. I forget her name or I've forgouen....

.st On03,1:ta.'l, 113B}lHHre. I'm late (fit. I came late). Excuse me.
Jl yeTM. I'm tired or I've become tired.
'The second person singular perfective future without the pronoun TbI IS
often used in negative constroctions in Russian to make a general or impersonal
statement. In English this is normally expressed by you can', or one can't:
230 LESSON 11
Ha nCICu,HRX He norOBopHWh. You can't talk at lectures.
Y HHx HMeHa - He BblroBopHWh. They have names you can't pronounce.
, PyCCKKM is the only name for a nationality that can serve as both adjective
and noun in Russian:
6" PYCCICHH, a He aMeplu:aHeu.. He's a Russian, not an American.

6H xopow6 3HaeT PYCCllHH 1I3blI. He knows the Russian language well.
Compare L\lepHKa..eu an American with L\lepKk-aaCKHii American in the follow-
ing sentences:
6H aMepHKAHeu. He's an American.
611 aMepHK3.DCKHH CTYACKT. He's an American student.
Remember that none of the words referring to nationalities is capitalized in
Russian: PYCCI\HM, aMepHKiuCKHi, aMcpHKaHeu, aurmfliCI\HH. Only the names of
countries are capitalized: COBeTCI\HH Colin Soviet Union, AMepHKa, AurnHJll,
POCCHli.

I. TiM MH6ro UJ>04x::ccop6s. There are a lot of professors Ihere.
_____ CTonos. _ _ _ _ _ _ tables _
_ _ _ _ aBT66yCOB.
_ _ _ _ _ buses _
_ _ _ _ _ u6cJ.:OB. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ newsstands __
_____ Mara:UtHoB. _ _ _ _ _ _ stores _
_ _ _ KJIYOOB. _ _ _ _ _ c1ubs _
_____ 3aBOAOB. _ _ _ _ _ plants _
_ _ _ _ _ aTnacoB. _ _ _ _ _ _ atlases _
2. Y HaC ue-r KapaHJJ,aWeH. We don't have any pencils.

_ _ _ _ HOJKCH. _______ knives.
_ _ _ _ iUUO'lCH. _______ keys.
_ _ _ melt ______ schi.
_ _ _ _ cnoBapeH. ________ dictionaries.
_ _ _ _ TeTpfuJ.Ci'i. _______ notebooks.
J. 3ACch He-r Kapnrn. There are no pictures here.

_ _ _ KlUtr. _ _ _ _ booh _ _
_ _ _ ..apT. ____ maps _ _
_ _ _ _ ll1KOn. _____ Schools ~
_ _ _ _ 6U6.rntoTeK. _____ libraries __
_ _ _ _ yqHrem.BUu.. _____ teachers __
_ _ _ <j>36pHI. _____ faetories_.
4. TAM He 6hUIO lCOp660x:. There weren't any boxes there.

_ _ _ _ _ 001101'. _ _ _ _ _ _ shelves _
_ _ _ _ _ A0c6I:. _ _ _ _ _ _ blackboards _ _
_ _ _ _ _ BKnOK. _ _ _ _ _ _ forks _
_ _ _ _ _ nO:lKeiC. _ _ _ _ _ _ spoons _
_ _ _ _ _ 'laweK. _ _ _ _ _ _ cups _
LESSON II 231
TaM He 6blno pY<reK. There weren't any pens there.
_ _ _ _ _ OKOII. _ _ _ _ _ _ windows _
_ _ _ _ _ miceM. _ _ _ _ _ _ leiters _
5. Y "Ult lie 6blno neKI.l.ItH. They didn't have any lectures.

______ ay-aHTopltii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ auditoriums.
________ na60paTOpKfi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laboratories.
_ _ _ _ _ 33HliTHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ classes.
_______ co6paHIlH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ meetings.
______ o6l.UC)l(HTHii. _________ dormitories.
______ CO<rHHeHHii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ compositions.
______ 3ajl8JleHItH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ applications.
6. 8b1 a:ymi.nlt KocnOM'1 Did you buy a suit?

-- Her, li He a:yrni.n Jt::ocnOMa. No, I dido't buy a suit.
8b1 Kymi.nlt no-aapox'1 Did you buy a present?
- Htr, li He a:ymi.n nOJlapn. No, I didn't buy a present.
8b1 a:yrni.nH 'faH'1 Did you buy tea ?
- Htr, li He lCynHJI 'fb. No, I didn't buy tea.
8b1 XynKnH cene.a.a:y'1 Did yo.u buy herring?
- Htr, Ii He KynHn ce.ne,llm. No, I didn't buy herring.
8b1 a:ynKnH dpry'1 Did you buy a map?
- Her, Ii He 1CynH.n xaPThl. No, I didn't buy a map.
8bi Kynlinlt Te"r'p3.J.u. '1 Did you buy a notebook '1
-- Htr, Ii lie 1CynH.n TeTp:\.AH. No, I didn't buy a notebook.
8b1 KynHnH MonoKo'1 Did you buy milk?
- Htr, Ii He Kynlin Monad. No, I didn't buy milk.
7. 8b1 -aoeTinH wKa41bi? Did you get the cupboards?

- HeT, Ii lie Jlocn\..n wKa$>B. No, I didn't get the cupboards.
8w JlOCn\JlH hnacbl? Did you get the atlases?
- Her, Ji lie .aocT3..n aTnaCOB. No, I didn't get the atlases.
8w JlOCTMH KHHrH'1 Did you get the books '1
- HeT, li lie .aOCTM KHHr. No. I didn't get the books.
Bbl .aOCT{um KapniubI? Did you get the pictures?
- HeT, Ii He JlOCTan Kapnf:H. No, I didn't get the pictures.
Bbl .aOCTanJI Kop06KH? Did you get the boxes?
- Htr, R He JlOCTM Iwp66oK. No, I didn't get thc boxes.
Dbl LlOCTanli nopT4Jemt'1 Did you get the briefcases '1
- Htr, li lie .nOCTM nopTtPCneH. No, I didn't get the brief~ases.
Dbl -aOCTMH cnOBapU? Did you gct the dictionaries?
- Htr, Ii He .nocn\..n cnoBapeH. No, r didn't gct the dictionaries.
8bi .nOCTfUlH TeTp3..aH'1 Did you get the notebooks?
- Htr, li He .aocn\..n TC"T'p3.neH. No, I didn't get the notebooks.
8. R He BH:lkY UO:lka. I don't see any knife.

_ _ _ noP"1l>6>K. _____ briefcase.
_ _ _ _ cnosapli:. ________ dictionary.
_ _ _ _ iTnaca. _____ atlas.
______ nJfCbMa. _____ Iener.
232 U!SSON 11
9. .sf He noKynin xne6a. I didn't buy any bread.
_ _~ Monod. _____ milk.
_ _ _ _ _ pW6bl. _____ fish.
_ _ _ _ _ 6YMant. _____ paper.
______ MaTepHana.
---_ .... ______
_ _ _ _ _ 100.
material.
10. Jt *n:i npo<p6ccopa Opn6sa. I'm waiting for Professor OrlOY.

Tw J,lIeWb _ You're waiting focr _
O. "",er _ He's waiting for _
Mw XlteM _ We're waiting for _
Ow )l[J],eR _ You're waiting for _
0 .... lKJlYr - _ They're waiting for _
II. .st er6 noJJ,oJlC..llj. I'll wait for him.

To:. __ nOJ],O)KJl.eWb. You'll wait __.
Olla __ nOJJ,O)f()leT. She'll wait _ _.
Mbl __ nOJ],O)KJl.eM. We'll wait _ _.
Do:. __ nOJ],olK,ll,ere. You'll wait __.
OIlH __ noJJ,oJK,AYr. They'll waiL...-.
12. Jt npHuecY 06'11)'. J'II bring [in] the mail. I

Tw npHHecewb _ You'll bring [in] __.
Ou npHHeeeT . He'll bring (in] _ _ .
Mhi npHHeeeM _ We'll bring [in] _ _.
Ow npHHecCTe _ You'll bring [in] __.
OIiH npHHecYr _ They'll bring (in] __
13. Jt He ycnbo Ham{(:aTb nHCbMa. I won'l ha ye time to write letters.

Tw He ycneeWb _ You won't have lime _
OH He ycn6eT _ He won't have time _
Mw He yCDeeM _ We won'l bave lime _
Ow He ycm~.ere _ You won't have time _
Omt He ycnelOT _ They won't have time _
14. Jt OncPblBaJo 6lCHa K<l)kJlblH .neHb. I open the windows every day.
TbJ: OncPblOaeWh _ Youo~n __
OHa OTKpbleaeT _ She o~ns _
MbJ OncpblOaeM _ We open _
Dbl oTKpbloaere _ You o~n _
OUH OnpblB3.lOT _ They open _
15. KaK oAme m.u..? What's your firsl name?

- Moe 8:MJI Hm.:oJJaH. My first name is Nikolay.
_ _ _ _ ram\Ha. _ _ _ _ _ Galioa.
_ _ _ _ MaplUr. _ _ _ _ _ Maria.
16. Kax sAma laMH.nlUl? What's your last name?

- Moli tfmMKnHJI neTp6s. My lasl name is Petrov.
_ _ _ _ _ _ neT'p6sa. _ _ _ _ _ _ Petrova.
_ _ _ _ _ _ Opn6B. _ _ _ _ _ _ Orlov.
I Notice that IJ600rnl means mail as wdl as posl offiCI'.
LESSON II 233
- Mo.li <paMHJIlHI OpnOBa. My last name is Orlova.
_ _~ KYpo'fKHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ Kurochkin.
_ _ _ _ _ _ KYPO'lKHua. _ _ _ _ _ _ Kurochk.ina.
17. KaK BaWe HMJI. H OT'feCTBo? What are your first name and patronymic?
- Moe HMH H OT'feCTBO nell> Hmnhwl. My first name and patronymic are Pyotr
Nikiticb.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BnaJJliMHp H.BaHOBIf'f. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Vladimir Ivanovich.
_ _ _ _ _ _~_ 3HHaH..a.a neTpOBHa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Zinaida Pctravna.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I1pHna MHXaHnOBHa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irina Mikhailovna.
18. LI;o6poe trPo, 3liHa! Good morning, Zina!

Jl,06PhIH Jl,eHh. 3HHa! Good afternoon, Zioa 1
Jl,06PhlH Be'fep, 3HHa! Good evening, Zina!
CnOKOHHOH nO'!H, 3Hlla! Good night, Zina!
19. 3WMOH MbJ 'faCTO HrpaeM B K3.pThI. In winter we often play cards.
BecHOH _ Inspring~ _
6ceHbfO MbI pe.r:tKo IfrpaeM B K<iPTbJ. In autumn we rarely play cards.
JIeToM _ In summer _
Pronunciation practice: double consonants

Tn English double consonants are heard only~at a boundary between two words. Written double
consonant letters within tbe word (as in Bill. hammer) are pronounced as single consonants.
Compare Will Lee go? with Will 'e go?

Ann names. Ann Ames.
Kiss Sal. Kiss AI.
In Russian, however. double consonants are heard not only across word boundaries, but also
within words.
Compare [a-tt<i1JjJ aT TanH with [atAlJ.i] OT AnH

from Tanya from Anya
[ann:}] Anna [ivan:}]I1Bana

Anna of Ivan
Double consonants occur in Russian mainly at tbe point where a prefix or preposition joins
the rest of the word. but they may also occur at other places within a word (e.g., [anna]).
Note, bowever. that not every written sequence of two identical letters necessarily indicates a
double consonant in pronunciation. Russians tend to pronounce many double letter sequences with
a single consonant, especially in foreign-derived words. Thus, Ilpo4JecCOP and cy660l"a contain only
single consonants in pronunciation. Usage varies in this respect. Many Russians pronounce rp,Yrma
with a single [p], tbough orthographic handbooks prescribe [pp]. In rapid speech double consonants
often tend to be replaced by single consonants.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating the contrast between
double and single consonants, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accu-
rately as you can. Be sure to pronounce the double consonants as long conso-
nants, without a break in the middle.
234 LESSON II
Intonation practice:
review of rising and rising-faUing contours
Reread the discussion on rising and rising-falling intonation contours in Lessons 7, 8. and 9.
A. Review of questions with rising conlours (questions without a question word).
Oil :mecb" Is he here?

B6m:OB y ce6li., Is Valkov in?
QHa 8 r6po.ne? Is she in town"
BJl:a.a.HMHp D8 pa66n:? Is Vladimir at work.,
flo"'KH B RlJ.(J1Ke? Are the spoons in the drawer?
A.TJl8C .aopor6H? Is the atlas expensive?
OHl1 H8 co6paHHH? Are they at a meeting?
0mi CTy)];eIITK8? Is she a student?
ObI ):l;p,Y3bli? Are you friends?
ABT66yc y;Ke ".neT? Is the bus coming already?

Ta.M 6blllO HHTepeeHO" Was it interesting there?
Tbl H,ll,eWb .nOMO"? Are you going home?
OH nowen B Mara3HH? Did he go to the store '!
Rbi 6buIH 60JIbtW? Were you sick?
Rbi paoomere B ropcooe-re? Do you work at the gorsovet?
Y Te6Ji TenepI. HCTOPIUI '"1 Do you have history now'!
1?6pUl, )"ICe rOTo8? Is the borsch ready yet?
nOXICH }?KC H8 CTOne" Are the spoons already on the table?
Db!: Y?KC noOOe}.la.nH" Have you already eaten dinner?
Tw era 3HacUIb? Do you know him?
DbI cnenurre II8 aBro6yc? Are you hurrying to tbe bus '!
TOBapHlJ.( A.n.cKceee y ce6li? Is comrade Alexeev in?
011 ceH'IaC B MocKBe? Is he in Moscow now'!
OHif era 30aK>T? Do they know him?
8bi 0 Heli CnI:dWMH" Have you heard about her?
Omi ceH'IaC pa66-rae-r? Is she working now?
B. Review of questions with rising-falling contours (questions without question words).
OHa Kynll:na MaTeplUi.n., Did she buy the material?

HpHHa omiTb 60nhHa? Is Irina sick again?
Y Hlix ecn, KOMHaTa ? Do they have a room?
OHti 6butH "a 3aHlITJUlX? Did tbey attend classes?
OHa .nocnina CnOBapb? Did she get hold of the dictionary?
CTy.neHTbl y:manll 06 .:hOM? Did the students find out about it ']
Oner ,IIaBHO roneH? Has Oleg been ill long?
Y sac cerollHR 3",J3MCHb.I? Are your exams today?
Cawa 6bln B wKone? Was Sasha in school?
LESSON II 235
Omi )'lKe Kymi.na CJI0oaPb? Has she already bought the dictionary?
6nbnl neTpaOHa Omf1-b 6onbHa? Is Olga Petrovna sick again?
MapHR HBaHOOHa 6b1na B rYMe? Was Maria Ivano\'na at GUM?
Y J.1BaHa H'o.:UIOOWla ecTh KaMHan? Does Ivan Ivanovich have a room?
Bbi o'lepa CJIYwaIIH KOHllePT 1 Did you lislen to the concert yesterday?
Reo y.Ke nonY'lHn filICbM61 Has Lev already received the letter?
Oner y*e .naOHa ooneH? Has Oleg been ill a long time now?
CT)'.neHThI }')Ke y:manH 06 nOM? Did tbe students already find out about it?
OHa y>i<e no.nana Jannelme? Has she already submitted an application?
C. Review of emphatic statements with rising-falling contours.
Oner .n&BHO 3.!l0p60! Oleg has long since recovered!

MiU:ta omin. 3Jlecb! MBa is here again!
Y He<: ecn. KaMHan! She does have a room!
)KeHa OCerJl.8 .!lOMa! My wife's always home!
ORH He xo"riT 06c.!laTh! They don't want to eat dinner!
OHa )'JKC .!lOCT8J1a MaTepHan! She already got the material!
HHHa YJKC nO,lUlJla JaJIBneHHe! Nina already has submitted her application!
Oner )')Ke DOJl)"flin nHCbMO! Oleg's already receilled the letter!
Bbi a HeH omin. Ja6buJH! You forgot about her again!
Y lIJix yxc ecn. KOMHara! They already halle a room.
ToaapHllt AneKoCeB omm. He 06C.aaII!' Comrade Alexeev didn't have his dinner again!
IiH6JlHoreka .naBOO JaIlepri! The library has long since been closed!
Mbi 'jI.e cnpallllllUIJIH y Hero! We already asked him!
A. YJKc IWDICa.!1 nHCbM6! I already wrote the letter!
Change the following emphatic statements (with rising-falling contours) to questions (with rising-
falling contours on a higher pitch level).
MflJTa ollliTb 3.!leCb! M iUIa omiTb Jtlecb?
OHit 6btmt 0 MOCKoe! OIUJ 6b"11l11 D MOCKBC?
Y lice eCTb KaMHaTa! Y nee CcTI> K6MHaTa?
Kanl KynIi.na MaTcpllaJl! Karl'! Kymina MareplJa.tl?
311Ha acerJJ.a .nOMa! 3ltlla Bcema .uoMa?
HHHa}')kC nOD,a.rta Ja$lB.tleUlle! HHHa Y'l'e nOtlana JaJlBneHlle?
SpaT Y'l'e nOCJ1M nHCbMO! Iipar )')tie nOCJ1an ~"CbMO?
TODapKl.U. B6.tlKOB omiTb OOJJeH! TOBapllw B6nKOD omiTb GOneH?
6KHa y HHX ocer.aa JanepThl! 6Kua y H(IX acer.na 3anepTbl?
Cecrpa pee nOJJY'lHna nHCbMO! CecTpa )')tie nOJIY'lHna nHcbM6?
Tbi BOJbMemb 3TH KHJl:rH! Tbi B03bMemb 3nl: KHHrH?
236 LESSON II
The present-future of first conjugation verbs patterned like pa60T8Tb

and HJlTli
FIRST OONJUGATION
EXAMPLES
PRESeNT-FUTURE ENDINGS
Mltl'li (ipfv) pa6clTaTb (ipfv)

to be going to work
SINGULAR 1 -y or-K) Kill' pa66Ta1O

2 --em.. (-ewb) HJJ,ernb pa66TaCUIb
3 -eT (-"'J """, paOOTaCT
PLURAL I -eM (-eM) HJ{eM pa66racM
2 -en: (-CTe) UJlCTe pa66TaeTe
3 -YT or -lOT u.ajT pa60TaJOT
Note that the second person singular ending is conventionally spelled with a final-I. even though
w is always pronounced hard.
MODElS
I. First conjugation verbs which pal/ern like paooTaTb in the present-fulure:

LJTO Bha llenaeTf:? What are you doing?
- J1 HH'icro He JJ.MlUO. I'm not doing anything.
Bbi er6 31UieTe? Do you know him?
-)la, ]Hi><>. Yes, I do.
o 'JeM Bbr aiMaeTc? What are you thinking about?
- .s1 J(jMalO 06 3lOaMcuax. I'm thinking about the exams.
Bbi lIOHHMaeTe, 0 'feM ou rOBopth? Do you understand what he's talking about?
- Hch, He nOllHMlbo. No, I don't.
Kor.na Bbl 3TQ c!U~J1aeTe? When will you do this?
- >t :ho cniJJatO 3aaTpa. I'll get it done tomorrow.
YTO Bbi ROKynlleTt? What are you buying?
- ..st OOiCyoiJo MaTepUan ua lCocnOM. I'm buying ma.terial for a suit.
Kor,l{3. 8bl ylWieTe 06 :hOM? When will you find out about it?
- .st y3HalO nOCJIe33.Bl"pa. I'll find out the day after tomorrow.
4TO Db!: "DI'T1ie..-e? What are you reading?
- .st 'fJIT'liJO CTKXH. I'm reading poetry.
rAe 8M cer6.a1Uf 06emurre? Where are you eating dinner today?
- .sf ooe.aalO 8 CTOn080H:. I'm eating dinner in the dining hall.
Obi He ycnieTe lIa allT66yc. You won't make the bus on time.
- Her, ycm?:IO. Yes, I will.
Kor6 BM mkWeTe? Whom are you expecting?
- .st O;QJl.8Jo APyra H3 MOCKBbl. I'm expecting a friend from Moscow.
LESSON I I 137
Bbl KI'paere B -reHHHC? Do you play tennis?
- .Ll.a, Krp3.IO. Yes, I do.
Bbl He ouol.n;3.ere Ha KOHUepT? Won't you be late for the concert?
- Hb, He OUOl.n;alO. No, I won't be late.
Bbi 'faCTO OU3.lJU>lB3ere Ha paooTy? Are you often late to work?
- Her, HIHlKor.n;a He OmbJn,lBlUO. No, I'm never late.
2. First conjugation verbs which pattern like HlJ;'rii in the present..j'uture:

Bbi nOM.1leTe 3aBTpa B rea-rp? Will you be going to the theater tomorrow?
- Her, H uoiiJ.tY nOCJleJaBTpa. No, I'll go the day after.
Rbi :laM.1leTe B 6H6111ioTeKy? Will you drop in at the library?
- )la, H 3a~ Ty.n;a nOCJle 3aBHndi. Yes, I'll drop by there after classes.
Kor6 Bbi ,...n;ere? Whom are you waiting for?
- .sf. ,..Aj OlIcra. I'm waiting for Dleg.
Bw BOH.n.C're B .n;OM? Are you going to go into the house?
- HeT, He BOii,nj. No, I'm not.
Bbi MellH 3~ecb no.n;OiK.n;eTe? Will you wait for me here?
- )la, no.n;oJKJJ:Y. Yes, I will.
Rbi upHlleceTe CBO" CJlOBapb? Will you bring your dictionary?
- )la, UPHllecy. Yes, I will.
Bbl BOJbMC're 3HI KUHnl? Will you take these books?
- ):la, BOlbMy. Yes, I will.
rAe Bbl iKHBC're? Where do you live?
- .R "'HBy npOTHB mipKa. I live across from the park .
REPETiTiON DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the two types of verb patterns.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS I
I. I don', know. 2. She's rarely late to work.

Ji He 3HalO. Omi pe,llKO Ona3/lblsaeT Ha pa66Ty.
Bbi He 3HaCTC. Bhi pe.aKo Ona3;:u.J.OaCre na pa66ry.
(Mbl, Tbl, MHlIa, CTYACHTbl, BbI, $I, aaxTCp) (Tbl, Mbl, OUH, H. MItJla, BbI, TbI)
3. Won't you be late to the concert? 4. You won't make it to the bus on time.
Tbi He on03.n:aellIb Ha KOHUepT? Bhi ue ycneere lIa aBT66yc.
8LI ue on03Af!.ere Ha Koun:epT? 00 He ycn6eT ua aBT66yc.
Mbl, aHa, OUH, Tbl, l'I, Barn 6paT, BallIli (H, 01lH, TbI, oua, Mbl, rami, ahl, De'll)
.n;PyJbH)
5. In the afternoon we play cards.
n6cJJe oGe.na MW HrpaeM B KaPTbI.
IToCJle o6eAa oilli HrpalOl' B dpTbl.
(H, BbI, ee .n;PY3bH, Thl, CTy.ll:CHTbI, MOH
CCCTpa, MbI)
I Henceforth the drills will appear without the labels T (for teacher) and S (for student). In SubslilUtion Drills, the word
10 be replaced will be indicated by boldface type in the models; in all other drills, the student"s response appears in boldface.
238 LESSON 11
1. What's Oleg doing? 2. When will you go home?

He's reading a letter. I'm already on my way.
l.Iro Oller JJ.e.naCT? Kor.na ThI: nOKn.CWb JJ.oMoii?
0" 'DmieT IDICLMO. JI )'>Ke ..,yo
l.ITO ThI: ne.naellIb? Korn! 00 nOH.aeT nOM6ii?
$I 'Dmito IIHCbMO. 6" )')ICe ll,11,h.
(CTy.neHTlJ, )"IIITe.RbHUua, )"IHTemi, (OHH. Bbl. aHa, CTyneuTbi. npoJlaBWHua,
nponaBWJlua, Tbl, 01111, Bbl, ccKpeTapb, :rrn .neByuIDI. y60PUUfUa)
CTyneHTKu)
3. Where is your application?
rll bring it right away.
rt~e TBce 3aJIBJleHHe?
$I ceii-tac uptrnecy.
r.ue ee 3<U1BIleHue?
Omi ceiNac Dpnuech.
(Barne, ox. era. ee, HX, TBoe)
I. I waited a little. 2. What were you buying?

rll wait a little. What are you buying?
R ueMHoro no.no"'Jl.an. liTO ThI nOKymin?
$I HeMJiOro DOJJ.~. 'fro n:.DOKyIIliewL?
Om} ueMuoro nOJloC,nan3. 'fTO oua DO"YIIana?
OHa aeMBOro OOJlO*JliT. lITo oua DOKy08eT?
(Ml.l. au. 11>1. OHU, BbI, npoclJeccop, (Bbl. OU. OHII, MbI. Y'fHTeJlb. npo4)eccopa.
CTy.neHTbl. cecrpa. )"IIITeJUi) Y'fHTe.RbHHua)
3. I'm on my way to a lecture.
rll go to a lecture.
. R H.LtY Ha neJ(Q.HlO.
$I noiiAj ua llel\l.lHlO.
011 lJ,JJ.eT Ha nenuuo.
00 DOHner Ha neKIIHfO.
(Mhl. aHa, Thl, OHJI, Bbl, H it Moli TOBapHllt,
y'UITCJTb)
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
L I'll bring coffee right away. 2. I'll wail/or him on the corner.
Jl ceM..3C nplfHecY le6cpc:. Jl noJJ.o~ ero ua yrJrj.
)KeH8 ceii..ac npHHe<:eT Ie M.:i nOJJ.OJKACM era Ha yrnY.
(6paT. OHU. MbI. HHHa H Kan-) (MOM 6paT, pe6'1T3. TLI, 51,
aHa, BJla,llHMHP, BbI, MbI)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. I have to buy a couple 0/ things. QHa ,lIOmma KOe-'no lCyml:Th.

I'll drop in this store. QHa :Jai.lteT B nOT ManuliH.
R nOJDKeH KOe-'fTO KynHTb. (Mbi nOJDCUhI, OHH JlOJDCHbI, 011 .nOJDKeH,
Jl :Jaw B :nOT Mara3Ku. 51 nOJDI:Ha)
LESSON II 239
2. J live near Ihe park. 3. We'/I11link about it.
Da you /i}'e near Ihe park loo? Will you think about it loo?
.sf lKHBy 6K01JO o<lpKa. MbJ no.a.jMaeM 06 3TOM.
Tw T6a'e.K6&J.a. OKOJlO oapKa? Bw TOOKe ooJJ;YMaen 06 )YOM?
jf noxynaJO MaTepuan. MbI DO,QO)l(J],eM Ha yrnY.
Tw To-.:e DOK)'D8enu. ManptlliJl? Bw Thee DOoollr:JliITe Ha ymy?
jf .a.e.naJO yp6KU. MbI npuuecCM nO.a8pKu.
.sf .QjMaJO 0 :samITWf)C MbI noli.a.eM It KHH6.
jf )I(,[Ij .lJ.pYra. Mhl B03bMeM TeTpaD.H.
.sf 'urrfuo .BOHllY H MHp . MhJ: BOli.a.CM B K6MHaTy.
.sf lfrp{l.J() B ,.eIlHHC. Mhl 3ali.a.cM B 6~16JJJIOTeKY.
.sf pa66TalO lIa $a6plfKe.
DISCUSSION
According to the pattern of their presentfuture endings, most first conjugation verbs drilled
and discussed SO far fall into two groups:
I. Those like 1t..Itlli, with the written presentfuture stem ending in a consonant, to which the
stressed endings -y, -eon., -n-, -eM, -he, -tr are added: JICll-y, )lC.lJ.-euu., I.A-er, Q-eM, JIC.D.-e-re,
JKll-:fr. The stem consonant is hard before the endings of the first person singular and the third
person plural, but is soft before the other endings. Compare [fdij I, [Mutl with [f~6SJ, [tc16tl, [fQom],
[fQ6ti]. Other verbs which pattern similarly are nOHTH, BOHTH, no.noHTH, nOAOJlCllaTb, npHuecTH,
B3ATb, )lCHTb.
Note that in contrast with thc prcsent-future, the infinitive-past tense stem of the verbs in this
group may be considerably differcnt. Compare )KHTb, )KHJJ with )KIlBy, JKlfBeUlb; and B3An., B3AJI
with B03bMY, B03bMeWb.
2. Those likc pa6OTaTh, with the written present-future stcm ending in a vowel, to which the
unstressed endings -JO, -eun., -eT, -eM, -eTe, -JOT are added: 'IHrl-tO, 'UtT3.-eun., 'Iuti-CT, '!uti-eM,
'!uT3.-eTe, '!un-toT'! Other verbs which pattern similarly are .aYMan., no.ajMan., 3HaTb, y.JHaTb,
.ne.nan., c.nenaTb, nOlcynaTb, 06e.aan., noo!5enan., nOIIHMaTb, CJIjrnaTb, CDpalllHBan., mr:u..a:aTb.
The genitive plural of nouns

The cndings of the gcnitivc plural present more complications than those of any other case.
For this reason only the most basic ones will be trcated in this lesson.
MODELS
TaM 6h'mo MHoro cry.a.eIlTOB. There were lots of students there.

_ _ _ _ _ _ npocj>e<:copOB. _ _ _ _ _ _ professors _ .
_ _ _ _ _ _ CTon6B. _ _ _ _ _ tables _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ XUQcKOB. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ newsstands_.
_______ 3.TnaCOB. _ _ _ _ _ _ atlases _ _
___--==:------ nO.a8pKoB. _ _ _ _ _ _ presents _ _.
'In struCluralterms. the prescnt-future stern ofsueh verbs aClually ends in the consonant sowuJ lil, which, as we know,
is not written wilh an independenl symbol when it occurs between vowels. The soft-series vowel letters of the endings thus
oonlain not only the ending, but also the final consonanl of the present-future stem, e.g., (~itflj-. ~it:l.j_u, ~iu'lj-utl. The
imperative of verbs of this type is the one form in which the [jJ of the stem is represented by a separate IClIer in Cyrillic
(-I), e.g., 'IHTiI! 'IHT{UiTe! cn~wHaaii! cnpAtuHBdTc!
240 LESSON II
Y HaC HeT HOJKeH. We don't have any knives.
____ KapalutaWeH. _______ pencils.
____ 1U1IO'feH. ______ keys.
____ TOBapHlUeH. _______ friends.
___ nopnPen eH . ______ briefcases.
____ enOBapeH. _______ dictionaries.
Tbt Mano asepeH. There are few doors there.

_ _ _ _ O'fepe:.aeH. _ _ _ _ lines _ _
_ _ _ _ Te'Tp8.a,eH. _ _ _ _ _ notebooks __.
Tax MHoro .aen! So many things to do!

_ _ _ _ enos! ____ words!
_ _ _ _ KUHr! ___ books!
_ _ _ _ KapnfH! ____ pictures!
_ _ _ _ KOMHaT! ____ rooms!
TaM MHoro OkOH. There are lots of windows there.

_ _ _ _ nHceM. letters _
Y Meml HeT SMOK. I don't have any forks.

____ nOJIOK. ______ shelves.
____ no*eK. ______ spoons.
____ py'lelC. ______ pens.
_ _ _ oecrep. ______ sisters.
Y HaC Be 6bV1o JIelCLl,HH. We didn't have any lectures.

_ _ _ _ _ _ JIa60paTopHH. _______ laboratories.
_ _ _ _ _ _ aYJJ.HropHii. ________ auditoriums.
_ _ _ _ _ co6pAHJril. _______ meetings.
_ _ _ _ _ 06mCJKHTHH. ________ donnitories.
______ 3aHkrHH. _______ classes.
TYPICAL ENDINGS FOR NOUNS IN TKB GENITIVE PLURAL

(Endings are based on the plural stem)
crOJInouns OIQtO-nouns *ett8-nouns .aaepbnouns
HARD STEMS -oB

SOFT STEMS -eM
(zero)
-M -.(zero)
or -b -eii
CTOJIOB AM ee"
cry.aeHTOB cn6. K"lfT
.
aTJIaCOB OiC08 JJ.cByweK
ypOlCOB miceM cecrep
npo<j>eccopOo Kop660K
lUUO'Iei co6p3.mii neKtJ.Hi ttl'pAAoi

TosapHIDeii CO'fHHeHHi HCTOpKi o'fepeJJ.ei
HOJKei 06meIlITHi na6opaTopHi .asepei
npan.namei 3aJI8JleHHi ay.auTopKi HO'lei
uopnp6lei 3aHJfrHi lIe.ae.m.
enoBapeii 3llaHHi
U!SSON II 241
Notes
I. Most crOn-nouns ending in a hard consonant take the ending -OB in the genitive plural.
Those ending in :.10:. lU, Of a sort consonant other than ii. take the ending -cii.
2. All J:tBkpb-nouns take the ending -eM in the genitive plural.
3. Most 0 ....0- and loKetlli-nouns have a zero ending in the genitive plural. In structural tcnns
this usually makes their genitive plural fonn idcntical with their plural stem: loKCH, 1aUiJ', h.-apniH,
.lle.'f, 1I.',1CH. The stem may be slightly modified, however, in two ways:
a. A vowel may be inserted between the last two consonants of the stem as in OKOH (stem Oh:B-),
CT)'.llem-OK (stem CT)'.llttrrK-), .lleBywet>: (stem ne8YWX-), and ~P (stern cecTp-).
b. If the stem ends in the sound lJ], orthographic conventions require that it be written i:
cOOpAuHii (stem [sabraqij-J), .rteKluDi (stern nekcij-J). If the stem ends in a soft consonant
other than OJ, '4, or UI, the symbol L must be written to indicate the basic softness of the
stem final consonant: HC.lI.em. (stem [Qic;lel-l).
1. (atlases) And how about the atlases? 2. (pencils) The students have 110 pencils.
(hnacbl) A K3.K UaC'ICT 3.TJI3COB? (KapaHnawH) Y CTYJleHT08 HeT KapaunawM.
(CfonbI) AKaI' lIaC"le-r CTon6B? (HO)l(H) y CTY.1I.CHTOB NeT IID:lKCii.
(poMaHhI, 3K33MeUbI, CTl-IXW, lUll.llKH, (KJIlOlfH, CJI08apH, DOpnPenW, TCTpa,ttH,
ypoKH, lj>IDIbMbl, lUKalj>bl, KOCTJOMbI) Kapau,llawil, 1I0:lKH)
(teachers) From whom did she hear it? (HX:lKCHLl, ero ceCTpLl, y60PUtilUbI, 336'1-
From the teachers. HIIULI,npolj>eccopa, CTyncuTLI, Y'lHTeJlb-
(Y'lHTeJUi) Or KOro OHa no c.ru:rwana? HHUbI, Y'lHTeJIJi, CTYJleHTlClI, aMepHKaHJ;H)
Or Y'fIITenei.
(npoJlaslQ.liIn.l) Or KOro OHa no c.sudwaJIa?
Or OPOJlll8untn.
I. Where are the keys? 2. Were there any maps there?

There are no keys here. No, there weren't any maps there.
rAe KJlIO'lH? TaM 6blJUI KapTbl?
lJticL "h IUlIO'Ieii. HCT, TaM ..aPT He 6L1J1o.
rAe HO)l(~? TaM 6b1JUt TeTp3.J:J;u?
3.nea, oCT HO_eN. MeT. T8M Tlrrpa.a.eN HC 6L1J10.
(KapalIJllUUH, CO'lHUCIIIUI, KHIITH, CJI0napH, (noJllm, KOp06KH, Jle8yuJnt. KHHrH,
TeTpaJlH, IIHCbMa, 8ID1KII, no:acm) KapTHHLI, 8HI1KH, nQ)l(kH, OKHa, IlIlCLMa)
3. Do you have any pencils?

Ne, we don't have any pencils.
KapaIlJlall.llf y sac ten.?
Hh. K8paHJlame:ii Y HaC un.
ATnaChi y sac ten.?
"h. anaCOB y dc nf:r.
(Terpa.LlU, non.kH, poMaHbI, CTHXH, enD-
BapH, nopTIIx:.rm, lliKalj>b1, KOCTIOMhI)
242 LFS'iON II
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Tile teachers were at our house. We don't ha.'C a dnrmitory.

We were at the teachers'. We dnn't have any dnrmitories.
Y':IlfTeJlJi 6burn Y mlc. Y HaC lIer 06UlexHnu!.
My 6WIM Y Y':IHTeJICii. Y Hac IteT 06w;eDnDi.
CTy.aeHTbl 6btnlf Y Hac. Y HaC Her co6p8.HIDI.
M";' 6LvtH YCTYACtrroB. Y Hac tth co6piuHii.
(npo4leccopa, ero cicTpbl, y60pll.lHUbl, HX (nekUHM, ypoxa, 3.8T06yca, JattJlTHH, CTO
*eHbI, npoJJ.3BlUHULl, cryJJ.eHTl:H,}"UITC1Ib- 113., Y'uheJIJI, xapTbl, CO'l.HHeHJUI, J:OMHaTbl,
IIHl.lbI, aMepKI8.lUCII, ceXpeTapH) IUUO'la, UIKa~, PY'lxu)
INTEGRATION DRILL STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
These are dresses. These are sisters. Here are the bookcases.
These are the sisters' dresses. There are a lot of bookcases here.
3TO nminH. :no Cecrpbl. B6T 06nxl1.
:).'0 IUUiTbll cecrep. lAceb MlIOro DonoK.
3TO nopTeJ>C.nl-f. 3TO opO<Pcccopa. B6T MaraJHHhI.
:)TO noPT~" nP04leccopOa. 3ACeb Mlloro Mara3HHoB.
3TO TCTJXi,o.H. 3TO CTy,neUTbI. (1I0)fC11, 3aBOJ1hl, xapau.nawlf, 3nalllUl,
3TO KHHrlf. 3TO Y':!HTeJJJi. OKHa, pecTopaUhJ, Tene$Ollbl, llBepH,
3TO K6MHaTl>l. 3TO npOJ1aawHUbI. 06ut~HTJUI, XOMHaTbl)
3TO IUlIO'l". 3TO y66pUlHUbI.
3TO KapaHA3uui:. 3TO Y':!H.Te.n:bHHUbI.
The accusative plural of nouns

MODElS
Mbl J10Jnl(Hbi Kynm ATnaCbl. We have to buy atlases.

_______ nopnpe.rm. _ _ _ _ _ _ briefcases.
______ Tel"pAnH. _ _ _ _ _ _ notebooks.
________ KapaHJJ.auut. _ _ _ _ _ _ pencils.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n6)fCKH. _ _ _ _ _ _ spoons.
_________ 8HnJm. _ _ _ _ _ _ forks.
~ nepbR. _ _ _ _ _ _ pen points.
________ crynbR. _ _ _ _ _ _ chairs.
________ onanR:. _ _ _ _ _ _ dresses.
BbI BHn.enll ltX CTYJI.eHToB? Did you see lheir students?

_ _ _ _ _ nfXXl>eccopOB? _______ professors?
_~ TOaapHllteH? _ _ _ _ _ _ friends?
______ Y':!HTencii? _______ teacbers?
______ CTYJ1ellTox? _ _ _ _ _ _ girl students?
_ _ _ _ _ ceCTep? _ _ _ _ _ _ sisters?
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that where the direct object is inanimate, the accusative form is
like the nominative, but where the direct object is animate, the accusative form is like the genjtive.
LESSON II 243
.QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
1. Where are your keys? 2. Where are the students?

We forgot the keys. We saw the students at the club.
r.a.e B3.wu KJJIO'ui? rne CTynellThl1
MY Ja6butH 1UIIO'Oi. MY Bli.ne.rnr cry~ Knj6e.
r.a.e 83mH KHJ:irH? r.a.e cry.neHTIH1
MY u6WJIH Jauf",. M" BjJl.eJDI cryJJ.etryoK tt.rrj''6e.
(Upat:IJ1aIllH, TeTpaJlH. cnoBapH, npThl, (Y'fKTeJIA. npo4leccopa, ee cecrpbl,
aTnacw, nopTenH) .a.eByuIDt, ern TOB8pHIUH, aMepHXaUXH.
ceKpeTapH. SIIfTbI)
RESPONSE DRILLS
J. Here are cucumbers for you. 2. Look, there go the students!

Where did you get such cucumbers? I see students every day.
8M, nmKMyHCTa, orypubl:. nOCMOrpH, TaM HJtjT CT)',[lCHTb.l,
r,ll;e Bbi .nocranH TaKile orYPllbi? a BH*Y cryJl.etrTOB K8*JU>1H Jl.CHb.
8M, nmd..JIyHCTa, nepbSl. nOCMOrpH, TaM HJ.tYT np01J,aBlltHUbl.
r.ne Bbi .nocniJJH T8KJfe nepba? a BM:*Y npoJta8ll.u1Q ..a*Jl.bIH ,lleHb.
(PY'fKH, K8p8HJl:aIUH, CTynbSl, IfaIllKH, (Y'l.HTeJISI, ee cecrpbl, HX )I(CUbI,
nO:JKKH, BMK", HO)l(") Y'fH"TeJJbllHD;b.l, ,neByrnKH, ceKpeT8pH,
CTy.a.eHTKH)
3. Here are his compositions. 4. The shelves are ready.

I've already reLld his compositions. Want to take a look at the sheh'es?
B6T er6 CO<HHeHHSl. n6JlKH rOTOB.bI.
a y*e 'lNTan en) CO'OlHemul. XOT'IiTe ~ nOJlKw?
B6T ero cnroi. 6ma rOT6BbI.
a y-.i 'Of11i.II er6 CTIIXH. XoniTe ~ OKHJl?
(pa60Tbl. rnKrlf, POMaHbI, JaJlBneHHSl, (.cuIepH, CTOJIhI., CTyJlbSI. j[1J.J;HDt,
IlHCbMa) o6lltCIHTMJl. ,[lOMa, KOMHaThl, K.8apnrpbl)
I. Ask the teacher. 2. Where did you see the factory?

Ask the teachers. Where did you see the factories?
Cnpockre YlfHTeJ1S1. r.ne Bbl BH.u;eJlH rpa6puKy1
CnpocHTe YlfHTeJleii. r.a.e BbI BHJJ.eJIH iPa6pHKH?
CnpocHTe ero ceCTpy. r.ne Bbl BH.u;eJlH CTYACHrcl.1
CnpocH-re en) cecTep. rAe Bbi BHJJ.eJIH cry.a:euTOB?
(npon,aslltHuy, npo4)eccopa, CTy.ueHTKy, (asTo6yc, olfepeJIb, Kapnmy, CTyAeHTXY,
}"lHTeJIbHHl.{}', oaxTfpa. aMepuxaHKy) .a.eB}'IllKy, n~pa, ero cecTpy, ero
TOBapHIU8, Jla60paTopHlO. P}"fKy,
oaxT~pa)
3. I just met my sister.

I just met my sisters.
11: T6J1bKO 'ITO ~ cecrpy.
a TomKO "ITO BC'l'pbwn cec'J'ip_
11: TomKO 'ITO BC'J"nt.n TOaapHW.a.
a T6Ju."O "ITO IlCTp(h'JlJI ToUpllll.lei.
(Y'fItTeJlbHHllY, Y"KTeJISI, npo4leccopa,
CTYAeHTXy, ceKpeTapSI)
244 l..ESSON II
SUMMARY OF NOUN ENDINGS IN THE ACCUSATIVE CASE
I, Singular
a. Inanimate C1'OJl-[Iouns and all OICHo- and ,1I;BCpb-nOuns have accusative singular fonns exactly
likc the nominative singular: CTon, 'tail, OKItO, nmlTbe, nSepb, Jho66ob, MaTb mother.
b. Animate croll-nouns borrow the genitive singular endings (-8, -II) for the accusative singular:
TOSapHIl..{8, Bna,uHMI:fp8, CTYneHTa, Hmon3.ll, )"lHTeJUI, napllJl,
c. Only )lieHa-nouns have endings in the accusative singular distinct from tbose of the nominative
or genitive singular (-y, -to); these are used for both animate and inanimate nouns: )Kelty,
ICllliry, ceCTpj, ramo, HC1'6pl:fJO, Komo, neKUI:fJO.
2. Plural
a. All inanimate noun~ have accusative plural fonns exactly like tbe nominative plural: CTOnhI:,
cnooapH, KltJim, neKuKH. 6Klta. CO'fHHeHIDl, .nsepl:f.
b. All animate nouns have accusative plural fonns exactly like the genitive plural: cryneHTOo,
Y'fHTeJleH, *elt, npo<peocopOo, cecrep, TOB3.pllli.{eH, MaTepeH mothers.
The genitive case with He 6YAeT constructions

MOOELS
JaaTpa
He 6yneT yp6Ka, There won't be a lesson tomorrow.
______ ypOKOO. _ _ _ _ _ _ any lessons _
______ neKUHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ a lecture _
______ nCKUHii. _ _ _ _ _ _ any lectures _
______ C06paHJUI. _ _ _ _ _ _ a meeting _
______ C06p3HHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ any meetings _
REPETITION DRilL
Repeat the given models, noting that the genitive is requjrcd in future He 6Y,ll;eT constructions.
We had no classes yesterday. B'tepa Y HaC He 6b1no neKu,HH.

We won't have any classes tomorrow. 3aB'rp8 y !lac He 6y;:urr JleKWUI.
B'fCpa y mic He 6lolll0 yp6KOB. (co6paH.JHI, 3aHJ1THI1, ypoKa, 3K3aMCHa,
3aBTpa y lIac lie 6j,l1;eT ypOKOB. 3K3aMeH08, co6panIDi)
1. Will there be bread in the store? 2. But will Zina be there?

No, there won't be any bread. No, Zina won't be there.
a MarC13li"c 6Y.aCT XJIe6? A 3i1Ha riM 6Y.aeT?
HCT, xJle6a He 6Y,ll;eT. HeT, 3HHw riM He 6Y,ll;eT.
a Mara:U1ue 6YAeT MonOKO? A Oner T3.M 6Y.aCT?
HCT, Monod He 6jneT. HeT, OJler. riM He 6jneT.
(cene.aKa, 'fait, pbl6a, HO*H, Te"I"pa.ll;H) (HX x:eHbl, ee 6paT, npo4)eccopa, K03JIOO,
AnCKceeO, )"HTeJUI, BaXTep, .aCOywt;:H,
ce~TaPb, ero TooapHUlH, CTYneHTnl)
LESSON 11 245
DISCUSSION
Just as neT and ue 6I.J1IO are accompanied by the genitive in the present and past, so, too,
He 6Y,ll,eT is accompanied by the genitive in tbe future to indicate a missing thing or person.
Compare tbe affirmative and negative sentences below, noting that the nominative subject in
the affirmative examples is replaced by the genitive in the corresponding negative examples and that
the negative He 6yneT (like He 6w.oo of the past tense) is a fixed form.
AFFIRMAnON NEGATIVE
Y HaC 338Tpa 6yneT JleKUIDI_ Y HaC l3.BTpa He 6YJl.CY neKUHH.

We'll have 0 leclure lomorrow. We won't ha~'e a lecture tQmorrow.
Y Hm: JaeTpa 6YJl.yr ypOKH. Y HHX JaBTpa He 6Y.ueT yp6KOB.
They'll have classes tomorrow. They won', have classes tomorrow.
The genitive case for the direct object of negated verbs

MODELS
.s1 He xO'l:y MOnOKa. I don't want any milk.

--_ .....
_ _ _ 60pma .
____ ~_tea.
_ _ _ _ _ bo.-sch.
_ _ _ phl6b1. _ _ _ _ _ fish.
_-,-_ _ ce.n:eJ],IM. _ _ _ _ _ _ herring.
Mbi: TaKlfX xapniH eute lie BKaeJIH. We haven't seen pictures like thai before.
_ _ _ _ 4>H1Il>MOB _ _ _ _ _ _ fiIms _
_ _ _ _ nop-rleneH _ _ briefcases _
_ _ _ _ Jl.OMOS _ _ houses _
_ _ _ =lTJ'O" _ _ theaters _
____ KsapTlip _ _ apartments _
____ aYJl.HTOpHH _ _ _ _ _~__ auditoriums _
____ 6H6nHoTeK _ _ libraries _
____ 06Ul,C)KHTHH _ _ dormitories _
____ JJl.aHHH _ _ buildings _
Mbl: eme He JHaeM BceX CTYJl.eIlTOs. We don't know all the students yet.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Jl.e8yweK. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ girls _ _
_ _- - - - - - - BaXTepo8. _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ custodians _
_ _ _ _ _ _~ _ Y'l:HTeJleii. _ _ _ _~ ~ ~ _ teachers _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTYJl.eIITOK. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ coeds _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cel:peTapeH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ secretaries _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enos. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wo,ds _ _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that after negated verbs the direct object is in the genitive case.
246 LESSON II
I. I like novels. 2. Why is she opening the door?

I do,,', like novels. Why doesn't she open the door?
.sf JIIo6mO poMailW. nOl(eMY oua OncpblBaeT .lUJCpb?
A He 1I106mb poMiHo8. nO'feMy OHII He OTI\PbJ:B8eT ).lBipH?
.sf JIIo6mb XHMHIQ. nOl(eMY OHa OTXpblOaeT OKH6?
g He 1II061uo XHMKM. no'leMj oua He 0'TKpbJ8aeT oKHJi?
(CTHXJt, oceHb, oeCHY, 3HMY, reorpa41lllO, (611:Ha, jlU-lHK, KOp06KH, xlIHry, aTJJaC,
cPH31tKy, lIHTepaTypy) .ltBepH, TeTpa.tlb. TeTpa.o.H)
QUESTlONANSWER DRILLS
I. Did he get the books ? 2. Did you buy the suit?

No, he didn't get the books. No, I didn't buy the suit.
61t .oocri.n JrHJirH? Tw K:yrnina lI:ocnOM?
HiT, OH He /.lOC1"iJJ KHiir. HiT, jHe ICynHn.S l'ocnOMS.
6H .oocri.n VIIQ'IIf:? Tbi xynHna MaTepHan?
HiT, ON He ./I;OC"fiJJ KJDO-reii. HlIT, j He ICymina MSTep.uina.
(TeTpaJ.:tb, CJlOOapH, XOCTJOM, TeTp3J(lt, (aTnac, nopTlenb, lUIan.e. P)"lXY. l(ali,
OH.n1rn, HOXH, nO:llCXH, XOpo6XH, Kapau.naUJ, KaPT}')
xapaHJlaum)
3. Did you see his dictionary? Bbi BH.neJUt er6 TeTp3.n.h?

No, I didn't see his dictionary. HiT, j en) Terpi.nH He aMJJ.eJI.
Bw BKnenH era CJJOsaPb? (nlHnt, ICoMlIaT)'. poMaa. novrle.nb.
Hh, , en) cJJOupii He BMJJ.eJI. KBapTHpy, xapTHHy, XapTHHbl)
RESPONSE DRILL
She probably forgot his name.

No, she didn't forge' his name.
OHa, HaBeplJO, 3a6bUla er6 "M~.
HCT, Olla He 3aOWJJa ero HMetIJI,
OHa, t1aOCpHO, 336bUla JCJJIQni.
HCT, Ollli lie 3aGbtJJa KJJIO'feii.
(nepo, py'IKy, no.oapoK, KJlJOl(, ero .oeHb
pO:lKJI,CIlIIII, ero lj)aMHJJHIQ, ero OTl(ecTaO)
DISCUSSION
Although, according to strict grammatical rules, the direct object of negated verbs should be
in the genitive case, there are some exceptions. The most common of these are:
I. In informal spoken Russian tbe accusative singular of "'ella-nouns is often used instead of
the expected genitive:
g Ne "HTliJt i11' ICHHr)' (or A He........an :hoii KIIHne) I haven't read this book.
2. If (he negated verb is followed by an infinitive, the accusative is often used instead of the
expected genitive:
A Ne Morj 0TKpbm. OKHO (or A He Morj OTKpLtn. OKHa) I can't open the window.
LESSON II 247
Demonstrative :hOT in the nominative, accusative, genitive,
and prepositional cases
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Masculilie Neuter Feminine
NOM :lTOT ;TO ;,.. 3TU
inanimtlte :IToT inanimate 3TH

ACC 3TO ;Ty
animate noro [e~Y;)l animate 3THX
GIlN :horo 1
[et~Y;) :hoii 3THX
PREP (06) 3TOM :hOH ;TUX
MODElS
3TOT CJIOaapb fie MOH. This dictionary isn't mine.

3TO rlHChMO He Moe. This letter _
3m lOlura He Moli. This book _
3-1'3 rerpA,ttb He MOH. This notebook _
3TH TeTp3,QH He MoH. These notebooks aren'l mine.
Ow eJi.D;HTe :horo CTy.nCHTa'1 Do you see that student?
_ _ _~:iTy CTYJleHTICY? ____ that coed '1
_ _ _ _ nux CTyJl.eRTOB? _____ lhose students '1
_ _ _ _ _ 3THlt CTYJleIiTOK? ____ those coeds?
B03bMH :hOT poM3.H! Take this novel!

_~_ :hy ICHHry! __ this book !
_ _ _ :ho nHCbMo! __ this Jeller!
___ ny TeTpA,m.! __ this notebook!
_ _ _ nH CTHxH! __ these verses!
.sf He BH.n:eJI :horo pOMaHa. I haven't seen this noveL

_____ :hail ImHrH. _____ this book.
_____ noro mtCbM8. _____ this letter.
_ _ _ :ITo. TeTp<i.Q>I. _____ this notebook.
_ _ _ _ 3TKx CTHx6e. _____ these verses.
.st ue c:.rrhnnan 06 nOM poMaue. I haven't heard about this novel.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3TOH IGlifre. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this book.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3TOM .nene. _________ this affair.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3TOH np6cb6e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ this request.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3THX CTHXax. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ these verses.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting particularly that genitive endings are used for the animate masculine
accusative in the singular and for all animate accusatives in the plural.
248 LESSON II
RESPONSE ORILLS
I. Whose key is this? 2. Here's our room.

This one here? No, Ihis room isn't OUTS.
lIeH iTO luno'i? BOT H:ima KOMHan.
BOT nOT? Her, iTa k-6MHaTa He Hawa.
lIbif no CYHxH? 86T Harna .n.oePb.
BOT m? Hk, iTa _pi>
He Haw.
(OICHO, CJI00apb, .D.Bepb, KHltrH, KOMHaTa, (K.IUO'i, OKRO, aaT06yc, KapaH.l.tawH, HOllUl,
pa6o-ra, poMaH, nopT4>eJtI>, CO'UlHeHlle, CJlOBapb)
umK)
3. FIt see you on Friday. >1 sac )'BIDtcY B 'leTBcpr.
This Friday? B nOT 'Ie'TBipr?
}l BaC )'BIDtcy B minrnny. (0 Cy660Ty, B nOlle,ll,em.HHX, 0 cpeJJ.Y, 0
o iTy oKntH1O'? BOCKpe<:eHbC, 00 OTOpllHK)
STRUCTURE REPL .... CEMENT DRILLS
J. This is my table. 2. This is my table.

This lable is mine. My table is Ihis one here.
3T0 MO" cyon. 3TO rotO" crOn.
:nOT mil M6H. MOR crOJI BOT nOT.
3T0 Mali KOM.laTa. 3TO Mali KOMuaTa.
3Ta h.-oMHaTa M(Hi. Moli KOMHaTa BOT na.
(MOR IIOpT<PeJU.., MaR KUHnt, MOJI KapTa, (MOH nopTepe.nb, MOH KHlfrlf, MOJI KapTa,
Moe nepo, MOH KJUO'iH, Moe CO'iHUeUHC, MOlt KJIIO'ilf, Moe OKHO, MOIl ,UBCpb)
MOJI .D.BePb)
TR .... NSFORM .... TlON DRILLS
I. These dictionaries are [available) ;n the 2. What did you find out from Ihese students?
library. What did }"Ou find out from this student ?
This diclionary is [available] in the library. 4T6 ThI: y:man OT 3THX CTY,ll,eHToB?
3Tu CJI0BapH ten. B 6lt6J1uOTcKe. lho n:. YlHan OT noro cry.aeHT8?
3TOT CJlOB8pb kn. B 6H6!1HOTeKe. LITO TbI y:man OT nux nIXXPeccOpOB?
3TH poMaUbl ecn. B 6lt6J1HOreKC. L(TO n.i pliU OT noro npo+kcopa?
3TOT poMall ecn. B 6H6JIHOTe..-e. (y'lHTene", y6oPLUHQ, napueH,
(KHHrH, KapTbl, aTJlaCbl, nllCI>Ma, CJlOBapU, Y'iIlTeJlhHHll, ncayweK, CTY,ll,eIlTOK)
CO'ilutCUHR, poMaHbI)
3. Have you already seen these pictllres? Bbi }'JKe OHneJIll 3THX arotepltKllHlI,ea?
Have you already seen this piclure? Ow y*e BH.aeml iTOro aMepHlo.-&uua?
BbI Y"A<C BHneJIU 3TH Kapnrnbl? (:nlf rnxa$bl, 3TH CO'UtHeHHJI, 3THX
Bt:I )"I'e ali,lleJlH 3Ty l'aPriHy? ,ll,esyweK, 3TH pa60Tbl, 3THX CTY,ll,eHTOO,
3TUX CTyneHTOK)
EXP .... NSION DRILL
We were lalking about Ihe lecture. MbI rOBOpHmt 063Tnace.

We were talking about this (or Ihal) lecture. MY rOBOpKnM 06 :JTOM aT!lace.
Mbi rOBop,iJlll 0 JleKQHlf. (06 ypoKax, 0 KapTC, 0 KlIY6c, 0 c06paHlfH,
Mw rOBopliJJH 06 :hOH JleKU"H. o KOlIl..\epTe, 0 kypcax, 0 lPHJlbMaX, 0 Kap-
Tilnax)
LESSON I J 249
DISCUSSION
It is important to note the difference between the unchanging introductory iTo (see Lesson 5)
and the declinable demonstrative iTOT, iTa, iTO, :h.... Note the following, which are complete
sentences; the voice drops at the end of each:
~TO KOMUaTa. This is a room.
~TO nepO. This is a pen.
Compare them with the following, which are not sentences; in speech the voice level is sustained:
in KOMHaTa this room
:lTO nepO this pen
Whereas unchanging iTo is independent of the other elements in the sentence, the demonstrative
trOT must agree in number, gender, and case with its noun referent. Note tbe following:
::ITo 6buT He M61i cnoBapb. It wasn't my dictionary.
3TOT CJlOBapb own tie Mon. That dictionary wasn't mine.
In the first case:iTO is independent; 6bv1 and M6H are masculine to agree with CJlOBapb. In the
second case :iTOT, 6':".11, and M6ii are all masculine to agree with c.'10Bapb.
4TEHl1E 11 nl1CbM6
~.
~U-~HAZ~~.~
~ rz.o.c.d. ~ ~ ~ ~
~.~~~~~
250 LfSSON II
rami Bee BpeM.R CH.llHT .nOMa. B lUly6e Bcer.na TOJlbKO T3RUbi. 3 TaHu.eaaTb oua
He JII06HT. B KHHO OHa TO)l(e lie XOJJ,HT. Om\ .naaHO all.nCJl3 aee 3TH 4lKJlbMbl. roaoplh,
.,TO CKOPO 6Y.neT Jt)lTH aMcpHKaHCKKH lPHJlbM. 3-r0 .npyr6c .ne.no. Torna raJlH He 6yneT
CHJJ,erb .nOMa. OHa noit.rleT nOCMOTpeTb :iTOT lPKJ1bM.
OJ1er 'IHTaeT (EareHH}! OHerHHa)), a BJ13lUI~mp (BOHHy H MKp~~. OJler TO)l(e <{HTan
((BoHHy H MllP~). H .a.a)l(c MHoro pi3. 6" rOBopH-r .,TO O<{CHb JlJ06HT 3TOT poMaH.
80J10,0)1 H OJ1er - TooapmUH no KOMH3Te. Kan H 3UHa TOiKe )l(HDYr aMecre. 3H:n3
H OJ1er H3 O,lI,nOM KypCC, HO MaJ10 3H3KOMbl: TOJIbKO (3npaaCTByHTe}~ u .ao CBHnaHH}!.
Ho a cy660Ty omi nYMalOT Bee BMeCTe nouni H8 TaHUbl.
- Ky.ua Dbl cnelllHTc, raJ1}!?

- B 6H6nHoTeKy. }1 Bcerna XO:lKY Ty.na nOCJle JlCKU,HU.
- nO'lcMy :lKC Ii BaC HHKor.na TaM He BH.a.CJI?
- He 3HaJO. ..st .,HTaJO 0 3TOH 6H6mtOTCKC d)l(nblH .a.CHb.
- J.1 Ii TO)l(C. r.a.c Obi JII06HTC cH,QeTb ?
- ..stCIVKY Bcer.a.a y OKHa.
- Tcnepb 6yny 3HaTh.
- KyJJ,a Obi HneTe T3.K n03llllo?

- ..st cncmY B 06Il.tCJKHTHC. TaM 6ynYT Bee HaWH pe6lha.
- A 'ITO BbI 6YJlcre TaM nenaTb ?
- J.1rpaTb B KilpTbi.
- HO'lblO?
- !la, TaM MO)l(HO HrpaTb TOJlbKO HO'lbJO.
LESSON II 251
LESSON 12
PREPARATION FOR O)NVERSATION My DOnYrtHKH
nonjnHk (papu~ikJ traveling companion, fellow traveler

Mbl nonjPtHICH. We're traveling companions.
npoBoJUuhc, -3.; -Ii, -OBI conductor, guide
6""""
Barn 61U1er.
ticket
Your ticket.
rpaJKD.aHMH. -a; rp3)k.naue, citizen
rp8.*JlaH I
8itu 611MT, rpa*.aaHWH. Your ticket, sir.
MeerO t -3; MecTa, Mecr place, seat, berth; position, job, space,
<oom
Meno 8O<:eMb 3.necb. Berth eight is here.
Bt1.r6H railroad car
MRncHH sort
MArXH" Baron soft car, first-class car
MarKH" aaron, Meao BOceMb 3JtecL. First-class car, berth eight is here.
CoSCM'60.....
v, . tfI. .
ICOTu .
SlnKY '.II
Thank you. Oh. who's that I see?
exaTb (unidirectionalt), e.ny, C.nyT to be going (by vehicle)
11 Dbl c.ll.eTe? Are you going, too?
riJlA! " 8b1 ben? Galya! Are you going, too?
,n;a. )JlpaBCTByii're. Yes. Hello.
HcdTh (I), HmY, ~ to look fo'r, seek
BOT HU(j caM! MtcTO. npoBOwoIK! I'm just looking for my seat. Conductor!
BepXH"H.-~R.-ee upper
Dime MOCTO eepxuee. Your berth is the upper.
HHJKIIHH. -~~, -ee lower
npocHTb (Il), npowy, np6c.IIT to request, ask for
, Nouns wilh shifting stress or other unpredictable features in lbe dedension an: JiYell in foUl" fonns: nomimauYe singular
puYe $ingular, nominauYe piunJ, and gcuitiYe pinnal.
253
.st npoc(lJta Hii)Kllee. I asked for a lower.
Iiacca tickct window, box office, cash register
A tl B "acce IlpocM.'1a luiamee. But I asked for a lower at the ticket window.
cmiTL (u), crtJuo, cnsiT to sleep

HcynooHo [it's] uncomfortable, [it's] inconvenient
HaBepxy upstairs, on top, in the upper
HaBepxy cniTL uey.nooHo. It's uncomfortable sleeping in an upper.
ouni6Ka mistake, error
~o. HaBcpHo, owH6lia. It's probably a mistake.
"yne (indeclinable n) [kupe] compartment, sleeping compartment
Y Me",i Tt)Jke Mec-rO 8 :iTOM kyne. I also have a berth in this compartment.
nOllO_.nNTe!:fl-O. Ha8eplIO. OllUf6Ka. Wait a minute! It's probably a mistake.
Y Metttl TOle MCcTO 8 nOM t..-yne. I have a berth in this compartment, too.
Y):{HBmtTbCJI (I) to be surprised

He YJlKBJItlMTecb! Don't be surprised!
C3JlHTb (multidirectional Il), eJIKY, e3II)IT to go (by vehicle), ride, travel
B OllHOM Kyne in one compartment
OHii lhAltT B OllnoM kyne. They travel in the same compartment.
",cHuUfHa woman
MYJK<tHHa ImuWn~] man
)I(eliulIlHbl " MYJK<tlillbl C)AltT B OIUlOM Women and men travel in the same sleeping
Kyne. compartment.
y HaC in our country, in our society (/il. by us)
Y Hlic ;e;:eullUUIbI H M}'*'lltHW t:UlIlT B OllHOM In our country women and men travel in the
"roe same sleeping compartment.
You don't say!
noexan. (pfv I), nDe.ny, noe.nyr to go (by vehicle), ride, travel
Mb.l 8 onHOM "yue nOelleM. We'll travel in the same compartment.
C 8cUlII with you
MbJ: c Ba.\.1U you and I
Mbl c BaM" B OIlHOM "yne noeneM? Will you and I travel in the same
compartment?
Tali: 3Ha<tKT. MhI c 8aMH B O)I,IIOM Kyne Then you mean you and I will travel in the
1I0c.neM? same compartment?
,lI,li, A Bbi Kywi e.nne? Yes. And wherc is it you're going?
B MOCK8r,.a 8b1? To Moscow. And you?
So am I.
Well, so we're traveling companions.
SUPPLEMENT
CTOHTb (II), CT()IIT, CTOwr to cost, be (in price)

CKOJlbkO CTOUT 6HJ1CT B MockBy? How much is a ticket to Moscow?
)KeenUM aaron hard car, second-class car
B )KecTKOM aarone in (or on) the second-class car
254 LESSON 12
Y MCHli MCcTO B *eCTKOM BarOuc. I have a seat in tbe second-class car.
R MsirKOM BarQUe in (or on) tbe first-class car
Y MCllsi Meen, B MsirKOM Barouc. I have a seal in tbe first-class car.
n6e3J],. -a; noe3J],a. -OB train
113 n0e3J],e on the train, by train
Dbi e.rteTe lIa n0e3J],e? Are you going on the train?
BHH3y downstairs, below
rJ],e saUJa KOMMan. nasepxy HJIII B1l1l3Y? Where's your room, upstairs or downstairs?
llJIaniTh (U), llJIa<ty, llJIanIT to pay
nJlantTe B Kacce! Pay at the ticket window!
3annaTirn. (pfv n) to pay
Dbi )')Ke 3annaniml? Did you already pay?
lUIaTHTb (or 3anJlaTHTb) 33 (plus ace) to pay for
C,,{)JlbKO Bb.! 3afUlaTium 3a 6IlJlCTf.ol? How much did you pay for the tickets?
CTaHI.l.HJI station
Ila CTalll.l.Hll at the station
fla CTanl.lIllO to the station
nOe3J], CTOUT lIa CTaHl.lIlIt. The train is in the station.
MLI: DOnjPfHKH
rp. - 4>Hminn rpaHT, aMepHKaaeu

r. - roo
n. _ npoSO.ltHHK: l
n. Balli 6HJ1th, rpa:llCllaHHu. 2 MJirxHU BarOH,) MtcTO BOceMb 3,llecb.

rp. 2 Cnacli60. 6, Kor6 Ji BH:lKy?! rw! M Bhz elleTe?
r. 3 Jl:a. 3llpaBCTByHTe. BOT HmY CBoe MecTO. np080llHHK!

n. 4 Ballle MeCTo Bepmee.
r. 5 A Ji B IGlcce npoclina UH:lKHee. HaBepx:y cn3Tb Hey.o.o6Ho.
fp. 6 nOJ],Q)K.o.I1:Te! 3TO, HaBcpHo. OlllH6Ka! Y Mens T6:lKe MCCTO B .:hOM Kyne.
r. 7 He YllHBJlSHTeCb. Y HaC :lKeHl.UHHbJ H M}')K'IHHbl C3J1)1T B O,ItH6M KynC.
rp. 8 4T6 8hz rOBOpHTe! TaK 3Ha'lHT, MI:d C BaM" 8 OJUl0tv! Kyoe noelleM?
r. 9 .[la. A KYll3. 8hz eAeTe?
rp. 10 B MOCKBy. a B.bJ:?
r. II Jt T6:l1Ce. B6T MbI H nonjT'IHKH.
NOTES I The pQeol(HliK on Russian trains is the man in charge of an individual car.
He differs from an American conductor in that the latler is responsible for several
cars or the whole train. Thus job is something between that of a conductor and a
porter. npoBO,ntlKIi' also means guide.
LESSON 12 255
2 Like all nouns ending in -auKK, ....pncllanH:H loses -HH in the plural, and has
the special nominative plural ending -c: . . pS*D,aHc. The stcm thus ends in sort [Q.]
in the nominative plural, but in hard [nJ elsewhere in the plural: MHo....o rpa*Jf.aH, 0
rp3.*Jt auax .
Although the American student or tourist in the Soviet Union may hear the
word rpa*JI.aHHH used by train and streetcar conductors, bus drivers, and policemen,
he should not u.se it himself in addressing Soviet citizens. Under no circumstances
should he use roCDO.rom or rocnO)K3.. The best way to get the attention of a stranger
is by saying K3SHHlITe, upocniTe, or cKa)Klfic, nO)K8J1yikra. Altbough the student
probably will not use the terms himself, he may hear himself addressed as MOJloll,oii
qeJIOIU~K or, in the case of a girl, lI,eSytDK3.
J The so-called soft car MJD-KHii aarOn consists of fIrst-dass compartments with
soft seats; each compartment accommodating four persons. Compartments in the

hard car ...ecnnrii aaron have hard scats; each compartment seats six persons and
sleeps four. In selling tickets, no attempt is made to separate men from women in
sleeping cars, and the American tourist may be surprised to find he is sharing a
sleeping car on a Russian train with one or more persons of the opposite sex.
The verbs e3l1,HTh and exan. describe going by vehicle or some means other
than on foot. t3lnITb is used for the generaJ (multidirectional) activity and exan.
for the specific (unidirectional) activity. In this respect tbey parallel XO.lUTI. and
H,!01I exactly.
Compare MhJ 'ul.cro B KHeB.

e3;:J;HM We often go to Kiev.
MbI 'IaCTO X6AHM B napK. We often go to the park.
with MbI e,neM B KueB. We're on our way to Kiev.
MhI ImeM B m\.pK. We're on our way to the park.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION B MOCKBe
molj>ep driver (of car)

a)J:MHHHCTj>hop clerk, administrator
HOCHJIhU,J:HK porter
HOCHJ1hWHK! Porter!
Gan'nK luggage, baggage
nOJIy'lHTh (pfv n), nOJI)"I)\, nOJ1fqaT to receive, get,
flOJIy'lHTC M6H 6anbK, noxMyitc'ra. Get my luggage, please.
KBHTllnuu.ll receipt, claim check
86T KBHT{UU{H.ll. Here's the claim check.
HOCHJIblUHK! noJl}"Dhe Moii 6ani..., Porter! Get my luggage, please. Here's the
lIo...aJlyiCTa. BOT KBMT3J1IlHII. claim check.
Ceiillic. A r,l],c sW 6YACTe *J\3.Th? Right away. Where will you wait?
OXH.!laHJle waiting, wait, expectation
Jiul OIKJlltallH.ll waiting room
B 3ane O'kH,I],aHHJI. In the waiting room.
BeWh (I) (gen pi BeWeR) thing
BOT milllH BemH. Here are your things.
KoneRKa (gen pi KoneeK) kopeck
Tj>H.lI.n:an. [trit~\l thirty
TpH.JutaTh KoneeK, nOlKiulyHCTa. Thirty kopecks, please.
256 LESSON 12
BOT BarnH RCIllH. TpHJJ,uaTb KOueeK. Here arc your things. Thirty kopecks, please.
no...:aJJYHcn.
TaKe" (indccl n) taxi
TaKC"! Taxi!
6arbCHHK baggage compartment, luggage carrier,
trunk
nOnO)f(HTb (PfV.II), nono)f(Y, nonO)f(aT to put
.sf nonoJICY BaWII BeU{ll B 6araJKHHl(. I'll put your things in the baggage
compartment.
p;UpeWHTb (pfv II), p;upewy, pa.3pewlh to permit, allow
H lIono:j dID. &eu..l. II 6ani~ I'll put your things in the baggage
pll3pew.....e? compartment, O.K. ?
BAM J(y.a.a? where do you want to go?
Ba.o,( Ky,lla? Where to?
rocnhtH1l3 hotel
B f"OCTJftrllllY Y KpalIna To the Hotel Ukraine.
nplleXaTb (pfv I), npHe,lly, nplfcJlYT to arrive (by vehicle)
npHexa..nH [we've] arrived, here we are
csac from you; you owe
pj6Jlb, py6mi; --ii. --eM: (m) ruble
n~XaJlH. C BaC pjlirJb. Here we are. That'll be one ruble.
Mmi 4t..'W.Iin.R rpm. My name is Grant.
HOMep, -a; HOMepa, - 00 hotel room, number, issue
lIe6onbw6it small
3aKa3aTb (prv I), 3aKa:lKY, 3aKIDKYT to order, make a reservation
.sf )3Ka33..n He60Jlbw6it 116Mep. I ordered a small room.
molCc deluxe class
.sf 3aKa3An ne60Jlbw6n H6Mep mOKC. I ordered a small room, deluxe class.
NUl oD,Horo a single, for one
st :laKaJar. He60nbUJoii HOMep mbKC NUl I ordered a small single room, deluxe class.
O,!l,floro.
:naJIC, -a; -"Ii, --en story, floor
Ita nATOM 31'3.)f(C on the fifth lloor
Baw UOMep lIa m'TOM 3Ta*e. Your room is on the fifth floor.
y.a.66cToo convenience, comfort
Bee YJl66CToa. [It has] all the conveniences.
oaHHaS! bathroom
y66pllaS! toilet, lavatory
oOJJ,a water
rOpJl'laSl oo.na hot water
Bee yaOOcrBa: oaHlIa.. y6DPHaA, I"opjlfa. All the conveniences: bath, lavatory, hot
BOJui. water.
Hanpaoo on the right, to the right
JlH<pT elevator
Jl.+T HanpiBo. The elevator is to the right.
npeKpaCllo excellent, tine
npeKpaCHO. Fine.
LESSON 12 257
SUPPLEMENT
neWKOM on foot
.sf nOHAY neun,6M. I'll go on foot.
HaneBO on the left, to the left
rAe micjlT? Where's the elevator?
- HaneBO. To the left.
npJiMo straight, straight ahead, directly
11.whe "piMO. Go straight ahead.
BOo3.n [vagzal] I station, terminal
na BOI03.n to the station
Ha Bonine in (or at) the station
Mbllt6mo CHltCnH Ha BOK3A..ne. We sat in the station a long time.
noe3:lKaH! nOe3:lKaHTe! drive! go (by vehicle)!
noe3,dHTe B rocniHHuy Drive to the Hotel Ukraine!
(YKpaHHa!
.sf CAY B KHeB. I'm going to Kiev .
.sf CAY B TaWKeIlT. I'm going to Tashkent.
.sf elJ,Y B XaphKOB. I'm going to Kharkov.
.sf eAY BO BnalJ,HBOCTOK. I'm going to Vladivostok .
.sf eAY B JtJITY. I'm going to Yalta.
.sf CAY B OAeccy. "I'm going to Odessa.
YA66HhlH (adv YA66llo) convenient, comfortable
Y nux y.n66Hall: KBapnipa. They have a comfortable apartment.
B MOCKBe
rp. - rpaUT
Hoc. - HocHJIhuVUC
ill""'. - illoq,ep
MM. - MMHIUIC'rpaTop
rp. HOCWtbWMK! nOJIY'uiTe MOM 6ara:lK, no"'l'u1yikra. BOT KBMT.hll.lH~.
Hoc. 2 CeH'I3.C. A rAe Dbi 6Y.lleTe JK,lJ,3Tb ?
ri>. 3 B 3fUTe o"'H.a.aHH~.

Hoc. 4 BOT D3wn seWH. TpH.nU3Tb KoneeK. nOJIC3JIyHCTa. TaKcn! I
lDo4>. 5 Jt nono:llCY eawH oeWH B 6ara)I(HHK. pa3pewHTe" BaM Ky.u.3"
rp. 6 B rocnt:HHI.1Y YKpaHH<\.

llJo4l. 7 TIpHCXaJIH. C MC py6nb.
, Compare 1t01Oi., with m--. 8oK:Wl is a railway terminal or station buikfing. whereas ""-_ can refer to any
station. Notioe that both require the prelX'Sition u;
011 BCTpCTIUl .eHy Ha a1lT(6)'CHoH crAHUHIl. He mel his wife at the bus sllcion.
OH llCTpeTlUl .eHy HI Booille. He met his wife at the railway station.
258 LESSON 12
B rocnumu,e
rp. 8 Mo~ epaMUJ1HSI rpaUT. }l 3aKa3an He6oJ1bW6ii H6Mep mOKc JJ,J1S1 o~Hor6.2
MM. 9 .la, BaW HOMep ua mlTOM :na)Ke. Bce y~o6cTBa: 83.HHaSl, y66pHllJl, ropJi'laJI
BO.Afl. lluepT Hanpaao.
rp. IO npeKpacHo.
NOTES I Russians seldom check tbeir luggage or use the help of porters. Tipping is
officially forbidden in tbe Soviet Union, but most foreigners are expected to tip
hotel servants, waiters, and check-room attendants.
2 Only mbKC guarantees hot water. At most hotels one gets only cold water,
has no private bath, and has to share toilel facilities with otber guests on tbe same
noor. This is typical not only in the Soviel Union, but common in European
countries as weD.
1. Kynil Bbl e.a.CTe? Where are you going?

- B MocKBy. To Moscow.
- .sf e.a.y B MOCKBy I'm going to Moscow.
- B JIeHlmrpaa. To Leningrad.
- Mbl c.a.eM B JIelflmrpan.. We're going to Leningrad.
- 3Ha'fItT Mbl nony,.'fIlKIt. Then we're traveling companions.
- .stTo:::e CJl.y B JIeHtturpan,. I'm on my way to Leningrad, too.
- Mw noe.a.eM B O.nHOM KYOe. We'll ride in the same compartment.
2. Bame MecTO sepxllee Hnlt mi'llmce? Do you have an upper or a lower?
- BepxHee. An upper.
- HH)Kllee. A lower.
- H H;.I(Hee nY'twe. '{eM sepxlIee. The lower is better than the upper.
- Hey.no6Ho cnarb nasepxy. It's uncomfortable sleeping in an upper.
- .sf s Kacce npocHn mbKHee. I asked for a lower at Ihe licket window.
3. r.ne Bbi 6Y.a.eTe *.aaTb? Where will you be waiting?

- B Jane O)KHJJ;aHHSI. In the waiting room.
- Ha yrnY. On the corner.
- 6Kono m6cKa. Ncar the newsstand.
- B rOCTHBHue. At the hotel.
- Ha CT3.HUlIH. AI Ihe slation.
- Ha SOK3ane. At the station (or railway terminal).
4. .sf nono)Kj BaW" seu.llt "a CTOn:. I'll put your things on the table.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua :hOT Cljn. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on this chair.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua nonKY. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the bookcase.
_______ B KOMHUy. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the room.
LESSON 12 259
.s1
nOJIOiKY l:\awJ.1 BelllJ.1 B Kop66Ky. I'll put your things in the box.
________ B WKa$. _______ in the dresser.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B nopT<PeJlb. _______ in the briefcase.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B limilK. _______ in the drawer.
5. HOCHJJbmllK nonOiKIIT MWU Bell.lll B 6ara?KHHK. The porter will put your things in the luggage
compartment.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B TaKC!'!. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the taxi.
_____________ BaBT<l6yc. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the bus.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B Yr0J(. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the comer.
6. BOT Bflwa KBItTIlHLUUI. Here's your receipt (or claim check).

_ MW 6u.nb". _ _ your ticket.
__ BaWa B3.HHaJI. _ _ your bathroom.
_BAw 6am. _ _ your luggage.
__ eawe MecrO. _ _ your seat (or ben h).
__ Bflwe Kyoe. _ _ your compartment.
_ MWH BCll.lIl. Here are your things.
7. ~TO HaW n6e:m. This is our train.
__ HaWa rOCT'HultU3. _ _ our botel.
__ HaWa cT3.IILtJ.1Ji1. ___ our station.
__ HaW HOMep. _ _ our [hotel] room.
__ llama KOMlfaT3. ___ our room.
8. >1 Hilty ceoe MOcTO. I'm looking for my seat (or ben h).
___ ceOM nOMep. ______ my [hotel) room.
_ _ ceoC Kyne. ______ my compartment.
_ _ T3XCH. ______ a taxi.
9. Mbi "WeM KJ.1OCK. We're looking for

a newsstand.
_ _ _ _ npoeo.nHJ.1K8.. _______ the conductor.
_ _ _ wO<jJepa. _______ a taxi driver.
_ _ _ _ a.tl.MJ.1HliCTpaTopa. _______ the clerk in charge.
_ _- - IIOCllJlbiltHlCa. _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 porter.
_ _ _ _ B3xTepa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the custodian.
10. r.ae mlqn 1 Where's tbe elevator?

- Hanpano. To the right.
- H.tvhe Hanpano. Go to the right.
- Ha.nceo. To the left.
- H,wlTe nanceo. Go to the left.
~ H;:l,IlTe npAMo. Go straight ahead.
II. Ky.na eb! e.oere1 Where are you going'1
- B JIeltHBrpa.o. To Leningrad.
- B MOCICBy. To Moscow.
- B Kitee. To Kiev.
- B OACccy. To Odessa.
- B AMcpHKY. To America.
- BCCCP. To the U.S.S.R.
12. BaM KY.aa? Where t01
- B roenl fUlLly Y "palma:_ ~ To the Hotel Ukraine.
- Ha CT311Ll,1tIO. To the station.
260 LESSON 12
- Ha BOIOan. To the railway tenninal.
- B ylllfDepcUTCT. To the university.
- Ha nO'ITY. To the poSI office.
- B bonbwoii Tea:rp. To the Bolshoi Theater.
-8 rYM. To GUM.
13. C.,onhKo CTOll",,: 611ne-r 8 MOCK8y1 How much is a ticket to Moscow?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 JleHHHrpAtt1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Leningrad?
_________ 8 KiteD? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to Kiev1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80.l1eccy? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to Odessa?
14. Jt el1Y TonbKo 110 MOCK8bJ. I'm only going as far as Moscow.
_ _ _ _ _ AO JleHHHrp3.u.a. ______ as far as Leningrad.
_ _ _ _ _ .110 KHeBa. _____ as far as Kiev.
_ _ _ _ _ AO XapbXOBa. _____ as far as Kbarkov.
______ 110 TaWKeffTa. ______ as far as Tashkent.
______ .110 Bml.l1HBOCToU. ______ as far as Vladivostok.
_ _ _ _ _ JJ.O RnTbl. _____ as far as Yalta.
_ _ _ _ _ AO OJIeccw. _____ as far as Odessa.
15. Rbi 'iaCTO C3JI,HTe
B Mocxay1 Do you orten go to Moscow1
_ _ _ _ _ _ 8 JleHHHrpAtt1 _ _ _ _ _ _ to Leningrad 1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ B Kueo 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Kiev1
_____ B ilJlT}'? _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Yalta 1
______ B OAb.x;y? _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Odessa?
_______ BO Bn3,ltHBOCToK? _______ to Vladivostok?
16. CKonbKo :ho CTOltT? How much does this cost 1
- OJJ.Hll py6nb. One ruble.
- J),oa py6mi. Two rubles.
- TPH py6ml. Three rubles.
- 4eThIpe py6J1J:L Four rubles.
- nRTb py6nci1. Five rubles.
- 1IIecn. py6nMi. Six rubles.
- <:eMh py6ncH. Seven rubles.
- BOceMb py6JJHi. Eight rubles.
- .nCD,:jTh py6ncH. Nine rubles.
- .nkBTb py6J1Cii. Ten rubles.
17. 0,6J1bKO c Memj? How much do lowe?
- Ollila Konefu:a. One kopeck.
- .nBC KonCHKlf. Two kopecks.
- Tplt Koneibm. Three kopecks.
- '-IeTl:dpe KonCHKH. Four kopecks.
- nRTh KoneeK. Five kopecks.
18. C sac ween. KonecK. You owe six kopecks.
_ _ <:eMb xoneeK. ____ seven kopecks.
_ _ OOceMb xoneeK. _ _ _ eight kopecks.
_ _ .I1eORTb KonCeK. _ _ _ nine kopecks.
_ _ AbT!> "onCex. _ _ _ ten kopecks.
LESSON 12 261
Pronunciation practice: special consonant clusters
A. Hard [c~] (spelled 'IIII,,lUll. or nu).

[Iuc~ij] JIY'iurnif [prasecsij] npOWC.LtUJHH
better gone
[mlac~ij] MJI<l,ll.lI.HlH [zablucsij] 3a611Y,!J;umH
younger gone astray
[xuc~ijJ xYlUlItfil [za yatsij] 3aBJimuHiI
worse wilted
(pac~jj] mi..LtUJIi~ [cyecsij] UBCTundi
fallen bloomed
B. Long soft [et] (spel1ed 1"'1 or ,l:('t).
[papuccik] nOfly-r'lI1K [gaCtik 1 ra3C'f'utK

traveling companion newsboy
[~6ccik J C'lh'lHK [ral}eccik] paKeTtl:HK
meter rocket technician
[zdaccik] c.allTlfHX [baleRik I 6aner'lHX
lessor ballet dancer
[~iccikl C",f'UIK [razyeccik] pa.3Be.ll'lHK
kind of cotton scout
[ace6t] OT'Ih [zav6CCik] 3aB6.n;'1HK
account, report factory owner
[6Ccij] OT'iI.fii {kabaccik] Ka6aT'lHK
father's innkeeper
[bu[ecCik I 6yepeT'lHK [yiccina] BCT'IHHa
lunch counter attendant ham
C. Hard Cd!]. This combination occurs when a prefix ending in 1I or T combines with a root which
begins with tbe voiced consonant *. It also occurs in foreign-derived words.
widiaIC] nlW.lKaK [padzarij] nOlllK3phill

jacket thin, haggard
[d:his] JllKa3 [adiili~l OT:lKJUIKw:
jazz from the dwellings
[dzut] lllKYr [Odzil] OTIKHJl
jute his time has passed
[dzemJ WKeM [adiecJ oTIKe'lh
jam anneal; glass, metal
[padzecl nOlllKe'lh [Odiik] OTIKHr
to set fire to annealing
~zigalilJ nOWKltTaTeJlb Ia;prbajdianJ A3ep6aHJlidH
inciter Azerbaidzhan (S.S.R.)
D. Hard [tel This combination occurs very frequently, especially in the infinitive and third person
singular and plural of verbs with the reflexive particle -CR. It is spelled TC, TIlC, Jlc, Tl.l, or .1m.
[dvatC;)tl lIBa.u...an. [kanatci] KaH3,QUbI

twenty Canadians
[tritC;)lJ TpHD....an. [liJ;letciJ TH6eT"'bl
thirty Tibetans
262 LESSON 12
[mitC:JJ MblThCJI finar6tciJ J.1Hop6.nUhJ
to wash foreigners
[m6jit~] M6eTClt [liQingr3otciJ neHHHrpa.nUbI
he washes people of Leningrad
[m6jutC:J] MOK>TCl! (bratci] 6p:iTubl
they wash brothers
[.,ca) oTUA
of father
Two-stem first conjugation verbs

Many verbs of the first conjugation show a marked difference between the stem used to form
the infinitive and past tense and that used to form the present-future. Verbs such as thcse we caB
"two~stem" verbs.
STEM B:llt- STEM B03bM-

.
INFlNlTIVE B3m
FIJTUIU! B03I.MY, 603bMeWb, e03btoteT
PAST B:lJin, B311113o, B3W
In order to manipulate the various forms of the Russian verb, it is essential to recognize certain
broad rules of compatibility vis-a.-vis stcms and endings.
I. Infinjtive and past tense endings begin with consonants (T and 11) and, in almost all verbs,
are added to a form of the stem ending in a vowel: :lI'iJ-Th, ""-11.
2. Present-future endings begin with vowels and are added to a form of the stem cnding in a
consonant: *,",,-y, *ltB-eun., :HB-jT.1
MODElS
Other two~s{em verbs already encountered by the student in some of their forms.
nOCJlan. (pfv) to send 1I0lllJJ.o, DOUlJlCIUb. nOlllJJ.oT
sl: )')ICe nocna..n ""CbM6. .sf JMTpa uawmO nHcbM6.
I already sent the letter. I'll send the letter tomorrow.
cKuan. (prv) to say, tell cKa*y. cKa*eun.. CK8.>YT
q T6 Db. CrU13iuHl? Oil IIH':Ier6 lie CK8.)I(CT.
What did you say? He won', say anything.
:1JlI'83an. (prv) to order :laKa*y! 3aKa",eulh, 3aKa*YT
OHa 3aKa3a.na 6HJ1en". Olla 3axa:JKeT 6HJ1eTbI.
She ordered the tickets. She'll order the lickets.
HeriTh (ipfv) 10 look for MIQj. 1iuJeuu., IitqyT
Bw MeHJi: HcdJlH? Dw "lUere paOOTy 7
Were you looking for me? Are you looking for work?
Hapban. (prv) slice '0 Ha~Y.Ha~.Ha~YT
Oner y*e Hap6an XJle6. Oner HapelKcT xne6.
Oleg already sliced Ihe bread. Oleg will slice the bread.
I In lil-stem verbs, the prescnt-future stem ends in tbe consonant S(}Ulld [jJ.
LESSON 12 263
IlHca:n. (ipfv) to write IIHmy, lIIimemb. mimYT
Mbl mlcl.Jm micbMa. Mbl mtWeM nHCbMa.
We were writing letters. We're writing letters.
lIallHcaTh (pfv) to write HauMmy, lIalllUlIernb. 11:ln..H:utYT
Bbluanllca;H1 110MOn 7 Her, Ii 33,DllJa lIamllilY.
Have you written home? No, I'll write tomorrow,
....liTh (ipfv) (0 Ii"e ....HBy. ~8elllb. Jt:H8Yr
Bbi l1onro TAM. )l(KJUf? Bbl ,aaBHo lAtcb )l(IlDere?
Did you live there long? Hal'e you lived here long?
Jlocran. (pry) to get ,aocri.uy. AOC'riHetllb. ,aocrlillYT
Bbl11OCT3.Jrn 61lJleTbJ 7 Oil l1OCT311eT 6I1JleTbl.
Did you get the tickets? He'll get the tickets.
o,",pWn. (pfy) to apen on....pc)Jo. Qn:pOewb, OTKpOlOT
BaXTep on::Pbm .lIlJCPh. Ba.nep OTKp6eT Deepb.
The custodian opened the door. The custodian will open the door.
JaKpbm. (Pfy) to close Jaf\pOlO. JUpOewt.., Jaf\pOIOT
Bw }'JKe JaKpbmH OKRa? Her. Ii ceH't3C 33KpOlO.
Did you already close the wintkJws? No, I'll do it now.
6brn. to be 6yAY, 6Y.a.etllb, 6yAYT
r11e Dbi 6brnll '! r,ae Dbi 6Y.a.ere nocne o6ella?
Where Mwe yau? Where will you be this afternoon?
Ja6brn (pry) to forget Ja6yAY, u6yLlel.llb, u6Y.ayr
OHa 3a6buIa 0 co6paHHlt. Dbi: He 336Y..llere HaC?
She forgot aboUlthe meeting. You won't forget us, will you?
miTh (ipfv) to drink IlbtO. n~1J.II>., UbtOT
BM }?K~ mum <tfiji? Obi n..ere K6tI>e?
Ha~'e you had tea already? Do you drink coffee?
Taillteaan. (iprv) 10 dance TalllcYlO, TaHQjeun., TaHLlYIOT
Bbi' Mlloro Tau.u.eoaJm? Bw TauuYere?
Did you dance much? Do you dance?
eXaTh (iprv) to be going elQ'. bern.., e.ayr
Mw eXMH B TawKenT. Mw e11eM B TaWKeHT.
We were on our way to Tashkent. We're on Ollr way 10 Tashkent.
IIPMCxan. (pfv) to arrive npHClQ', npMC~CU]b, npHeArT
OIlH y>Ke npHCXaJm. OUH npw!,ay-r B '1eTBepr.
They've already arrived, They'll arrive Oil Thursday.
SUIlSTITUTlQN DRILLS
J. I'm writing a letter 2. I'll wrile the leller.

s1 nllwy nllCbMo. s1 "anuwy nJICbMO.
OIlH nHwyr nllchMo. OHli HanHweT nHchMo.
(Mbl, BbI, TbI, Oil, olla. R. 01111) (Mbl. OI:lH, Tbl. EerellllH. S1, Bbl. 01111)
3. The custodian will open the doors. 4. I'm looking for a hOlel.
BaXTep OTKp6eT ,I1Bepll. s1muj roCTliUIIUY.
s1 OncpOlO ,D.BCpll. OHli HweT rOCTHIlIlUY.
(npoeolUIIIK, Mbl, 01111. TbI, ebl. (Mbl, Tbl, 311Ha. DUll, BbI, <1>1IJ1Hnn)
ROCHJlhUlIIKII. wO<flCp)
264 LESSON 12
5. I don', drink coffee. 6. They'll order rhe tickets.
A lie OhiO x6<pe. Olll' 3aXa>KYT GIlJlCTbl.
Mbl He rlhCM K6tI~. st 3aKa>Ky 611J1CTbL
(01111, Bbl, Haruwa, TW, M)'JK, ::KCHa) (J1pIlHa, Thl, Bbl, K03IlOB, Ollll, JI)
STRUCTURB REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. Do you dance much? 2. He forgot the keys.

Did you dance much? He'll forget the keys.
B.bl MH6ro TaHujCTe? Oil 336blJl KJlIQ'lH.
Dbi Mlioro TalmeaanH? 011 336YJJ.eT KJIIO'lIl.
Oil MHoro TaHLtYeT? Tbt 336bl1l JUlIQ'lH.
OM 1\tIlcko T1Ulueau? Tbi 3a6Y.iJ.ClUb KIUO'l",
(oHa, 01111, 011, ranK) (II, MbI, BbI, alia)
3. We lil'ed in Kiev. 4. He was looking for you.

We lil'e in Kiev. He's been looking for you.
Mhl :lICHnU B KHcee. Oil sac HCX3.n.
MW ...KBiM KMeae 011 Bic ......eT.
.sf JKHn: B KHCse. .sf MC Hcxan.
a. :lICHBj B KMeee. a. Bic HlQj.
(BbI, 01111, 3HHa, $I, MloI) (01111, MbI, alia, AnCKCCCB, H)
5. Oleg ",if( get the tickets. .sf ,Il,ocr.l.Hy 6H.11hbl.
Oleg got the tickets. st JJ.ocnl.n 6KJ1eTW.
OIler llOCTflllCT 6HJleTbJ. (MloI, Oint, Bbl, HaTawa, 'fbi, BomCOB)
O.fJer .nocri.'l 6u.'leTbi.
I. Have you already sent the letter? 2. Have they already arrived?
No, 1'1/ send it tomorrow. No, they'll arrive today.
Rbi )'JKC oOCllfuIH OHCbMO? OH" )')Ke npHexanH?
Hb, II 38BTpa 1I000JIIO. HeT, OUR npHe.ayr cerO)lHSI.
OmI )'JKC 1I00003.na nJtCbM6? Baw Jlpyr)'JKc llpHexan?
HCT, Olla lJiBTpa nOlWltIT. HeT, 611 npHCJleT CCI"Omui.
(Oner, Tbl, OUH, MM, 3Hlla, Bbl) (BaWJ.l Jlpy3MI, TIIOH cccTpa, yKpaIIHUM)
Past tense to prcscntfuturc and vice versa.

'1. He didn't say a thing. 2. I' /I slice the bread.
He wo,,'t say a thing. I've sliced the bread.
OJ{ Hll'icr6 lie cxa33.n. .sfHape:llCy xnc6.
OK UH'Iero lie CK8...CT. a. lIapthaJJ XJJC6.
Bbl HII'lCr6 lie cd.:lICCTe. Tw lIape3a.JJ xne6.
8bi IIH'IerO lie cKalJi.'1H. Tw Hape*eun. XJlC6.
OHa HH'lera IIC CK3.3a..na. Mbl Hape:lKCM xne6.
MblIIH'lCr6 lie CKtt"'CM. Oncr Hape3aJ1 xnoo.
Omi IIH'lcr6 UC Ck3.33n:H. OHH lIape*YT xnC5.
.sf IIH'ICrO HC CXWKy. 8blllap6an1l xne6.
Tw JlH'lcr6 IIC cJC3.3a..n. OJlbfa napbceT xne6.
.sf HapClan xnro.
LESSON 12 265
3. They closed the windows. 11 3aKpMJI OKlla.
They'lf close the windows. Kh.ll' 3alCpblJIa OKHa.
Qmi 3aKPblJIH 6Klla. np060ltHJfKH 3aKpLlJUt OKHa.
OHM JaKpOJOT olma. Bhl 3aKp6eTe OKHa.
My 3aKpOeM OKHa.
MW 38KphmH OKII8.
Genitive plural noun endings: special problems
I. CTOil-Douns with stems ending in the always-hard consonant 1.\ take the ending -06 only if
the stress falls on the ending: orypltOB. If the stress falls on the stem, the ending is spelled -eB:
llMepHKallu:eB, yKpaHuu:e6, TaHQeB. Remember that this is merely a spelling convention and thal II
is always pronowlced hard: [arpipkancif. ukrajincif, agurc6f].
2. Particular problems arise in forming the genitive plural of certain CTOn-- and oK1lo-nouns
with stems ending in the consonant sound (j].
a. CTOJI-nouns ending in ii in the nominative singular take the genitive plural ending --es
(stressed: -CB).
NOM SG NOM PL GEN PL
rep6" hero repolt repOCB
"Ia" tea "Iau "IaeB
b. Most CTOn- and oKRa-nouns which teoninate in unslressed -bH in the nominative plural
take the ending -CB (retaining the preceding -b). Most are nouns with only their plural
stems ending in U].
NOM PL GEN PL
6parMI brothers 6parhea
CryJIh.ll chairs crYJIhea
neph.ll' pen points nephea
nJIaTh.ll dresses TIJ1aThea
c. Those CTOJl~nOUns whose nominative plural terminates in stressed -bli: have a zero-ending
genitive plural with e inserted before the final -ii. Here -ii is not an ending. strictly
speaking. but the Cyrillic way of representing the stem consonant (j] after the inserted
vowel.
NOM PL GEN PL
M)'JKMi: [muzja] husbands M)'JKell [mufej]
AP)'3Mi: [dru~a] friends ,py3eii [drujJ
CblHOBh~ [sina'da] sons ChlHOBe" [sinayej)
3. A few cron-nouns have zero-ending genitive plural foons which are identical with their
nominative singular foons.
NOM SG GEN PL
OltllIl pa3 one time Muoro p<b many times
OltIDI COJl,rUtT one soldier Muoro COJllt3.T many soldiers
OltUH rpYJu" one Georgian Mllora rpy3HH many Georgians
266 LESSON 12
4. A few other nouns, such as pe6th3 and rocno,Qa (plural of l'ocnO,lUttl), have a zero ending in
the genitive plural.
NOM PL GEN PL
pc6liTa guys, fellows, kids pc6liT
rocno,Q3 gentlemen, ladies and gentlemen rocn6,Q
5. (;ToJl-nouns ending in -tlHHH or -AHHII in the nominative singular lose the suffix ~KH in the
plural and have a zero ending in the genitive plural.
NOM SO NOM PL GEN PL
rpaJK,WlHUH citizen rpaJK,ll,alle rp3"""'"
aHrJTH'13HHH Englishman aHrJlH'l3He aHrJlH'l3H
enmniuHJI Egyptian enmTRlle erHnTRH
RESPONSE DRILL CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL

I don't see any chaiTS. (Georgians) Whom did you ask?
Where are the chairs? The Georgians.
J1 He Blb"y CTjJlbCB. (rpYJUHhI) Y Kor6 Bbr cnpaWHBaJIH?
r.me crYJlloA ? y rpptUt,
J1 He Blbtcy aMepudlll.teB. (M}')KhJi) Y Kor6 Bbr cnpaWH.8anH?
r.me llMeptlKlimu.J? Y My.eii.
(yxpaHHUeB, rpy:HlH, pe6srr, nnaTheB, (,QPYlbJt, 6panSl, pe6S1Ta, .ae8ywKH,
ncpbCB, ee 6paTbeB, HX M}')Keii, ero yxpanHUb.I, aMcpHK3HUbl, naplfH, Y'llITCJUi)
,aPYJeii, OrypUOB)
I. Don't you have any dresses? 2. Where are the dresses?
We do. The dresses are over there. I don't see any dresses.
Hb 1m y BaC lUIaThCB? r.ae nmiThJt?
en, UJianK BOH TlIM. A He 8111)1(y lIJIanea.
H\h JlH Y BaC eTYJlbCB? r.ue aMepHdHubI?
{:e1'l" CrjJlbA BOil TaM, A He 8111)1(y aMepHKlIIlu:eB.
(orypUOB, nepbCB, IIO)l(eii, CJloBapeii, Ka- (CTyJTbJt, nepbSl, HX M}')I(bSl, ero .uPYJbR,
paH.uaweii, Cl'yJThCB, aT1IaCOB, CTOJlOB) rpY:IHHbI, pe6J1T3, orypUbI, ee 6paThR,
yKpaHHUbl)
.3. Can one get chairs there? 4. Do they have dictionaries?

No, there are no chairs there. No, they don't have any dictionaries.
n.M M6)1(lIo ,D,OCTan crYJlhJl? Y HID: CcTh CllOBapu?
HtIT, T8.1\4 HtIT crym.eB. HtITl y uHX uer CJloaapeii.
TaM M6)1(HO ,QOCTaTh nePl.Jl? Y nux OCTh ncpMI?
HtIT, y mix "tIT nepbC8. UtIT, y HNx Db I.ePbe8.
(nJlaTbJt, orypUbI, CTyJlbJt, nCpbJl) (crynbSl, nnaTb~, 6paTbR, nopTenH,
80)1(11, Kapau.aaWH, APYJMI, orypllbl)
LESSON 121ft?
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
Their brothers were at our place.

We were at their brothers' place.
Hx 6p3.TbJl 6wIH y HaC.
M":': 6LmH y H:x 6pan.eB.
fix M}')lCbli 6b1nH Y HaC.
M":': 6bLrni Y Kx My*eii.
(HX HP}'3bJl, rpy:mHbI, pe6J1Ta, aMCpllKaH-
tU>I, YKpalOll.{bI, "X ",ellbl, IIX cicTpbl)
TRANSLATION DRILL
I. There are no pens here. 2. There are no chairs in the dormitory. 3. There are no Americans
in the dormitory. 4. There are no Ukrainians in the dormitory. 5. There are no Georgians in the
dormitory. 6. There are no dresses at GUM. 7. He has no brothers. 8. He has no friends. 9. The
fellows have lots of time. 10. The husbands have no time. 11. I've read War alld Peace many times.
12. We were at [our] friends'. 13. We were at our brothers' (places).
The use of the genitive after numbers

MODELS
C sac HOll py6mi. You owe two rubles.

_ _ '1'H _ _. ___ 'h= __
_ _ 'leThlJ'e-. _ _ _ four _ _
)].BC KoncHIa-I.
3TO CTOHT This costs two kopecks.
_ _ _ TpH . _ _ _ lhrce _ _
_ _ _ _ 'lCTblpe __. _ _ _ four _ _
lillJle-r CTOHT miTb py6J1CH. A ticket costs five rubles.

_ _ _ _ _ WCCTb _ _. _ _ _ _ s;x _ _.
_ _ _ _ ceMo _ _ _ seven __.
_ _ _ _ _ u6ceMb _ _. _ _ _ _ _ cight __.
_ _ _ _ _ HCORTb _ _. ______ nine _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ JICCSlTh _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ten _ _.
>1: 3amJanrn nliTb KoneCK. I paid five kopecks.

_ _ _ _ lliCcTh _ _. _ _ SV<
_ _ _ _ etMb _ _ __seven _ _.
_ ~ B6ceMb _ _. _ _ eigbt _
_ _ _ _ HeBRTb _ __mne _
_ _ _ _ necRTb __ _ _ len _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that tbe genitive singular is required aficr .llB8, .;me, ..-pH, and
'1eTh1pe; and the genitive plural for min, on up. Note also that ABe replaces HJUi with all feminine
nouns. Compare .;me cecTpL71, ABC TeTpallH with Hoi py6mi, Hoi CJi008.
268 LESSON 12
Response with consecutive numbers (one to ten).

I. How much does this cost? 2. How much do lowe?
One ruble. One kopeck.
CKOJThKO 31'0 CTOHT? CKOJILKO c Memi?
OltKu py6J1L. O./Ula KOlleiiKa.
CKonbKo :ho n08T? CKOJlbKO C Memi?
)(Ba py6J1H. )(Be KoneiD.'"H.
3. How many notebooks do you have? 4. How much did you pay for it?
I have one notebook. One ruble, two kopecks. I
CKOJThKO y BaC TeTpaneii? CKOJJbKO 8bI 3alUiaTiUTH 3a :ho?
Y MellH O./Uill. TeTp8,D.L. OllKn py6Jlb ):tHe KoneKKH.
C"onbKo y BaC KHHr? CKOJ1bKO ahl 3annaT"J18 3a 3TO?
Y MettH JlBe KJlHnt. ,lI,Ba py6J1H TPH KOuCHKH.
(6paThea, CJloaapeit, py'leK, KOMllaT, Ka-
paunaUleij, nepbea, aIUlOK, nO:lKeK)
5. How many days wj// you be in Moscow? 6. How many weeks wj//you be in the U.S.S.R.?
Only two days. Two weeks.
CKOJIbKO .nile" Bb"r 6Y.ne-re a MocKBe? CKOJ1bIW HeaeJlL 8M 6Y.nc-re a CCCP?
TOJILKO JtB9. ./Um. )(Be HCaeJlH.
CKonbKo .uneu ahl 6Y.ne-re a MocKBe? CKOJ1bIW Hc.neJlb ahl 6Y.nCTC a CCCP '!
TOJlbKO TpH JUtH. TPH lIe,ll;MH.
DISCUSSION
The number one differs from the other numbers in that it is treated as a modifier with separate
forms for each gender: O)];HII py6JTb, oAIIl'i Koue.iKa, O./UIO CJroao.
The other numbers when used in nominative and accusative constructions are accompanied by
thc genitive case: genitive singular for 2, 3, 4; and genitive plural for 5 and up. There is a special
fer.ninine form for two: ABe; masculine and neuter nouns require.a.sa. It is important to remember
that compounds such as 21, 22, 31, 32, 101, and 102 require the noun form to agree with the last
element of the compound only: TpH.llUaTh OnHIl py6.'lb 3/ rubles, TpH.llUaTh ~ KOUeHKII 32 kopecks,
TpKJ:J;u:aTb TpH CTyltelITa 33 students.
Unidirectional versus multidirectional verbs of motion

MODEL~
UNIDIRECTIONAL
51 H.nY a wlpK. I'm going to the park. (all foot)

R elty n MOCKBy. l'm going to Moscow. (by vehicle)
R wen a napK. I was on my way to the park . (on foot)
.sf eXaJJ a MocKBy. I was on my way to Moscow. (by vehicle)
, Continue up to nine rubles. ten kopeck~.
LESSON 12 269
MULTIDIREC1'lONAL
A 'iacTO xO)l(Y IJ napK. I often go to the park. (on Joot)

A 'lac1'O e3)1(y a Moclmy. I often go to Moscow. (by ~e"icle)
R 'iaCTO XOD.Hll B napK. I often went to the park. (on JOOI)
R 'iac1'O lb,nllll a MocKaY. I often went to Moscow. (by I'ehicle)
UNIDlRECTIONAL
INFlNInVE II}.(Tli 10 be going (on foot) eX8Tb to be going (by vehicle)
PRESENT ltlIy, ltlIernb. ItlIh, ltlIeM, e.ny, e.newb. e.neT, e.neM,

1tlIt=Te, HJ1YT e.nere, eD,YT
PAST we.n, rnmi. rnllO, UIJDf: exan, -a, -0, -ll
MULTIDlRECTJONAL
JNFlNInVE xoJUi"n, to go (on foot) eJJlHTlo to go (by vehicle)
PRESENT xo.y, XO.nHlllb, XOJ]}IT, CJ:lKy, O.nHllJb, On.HT,

XOllHM, XO,nHTe, XOJVIT CJ.nKM, CJllHTe, C::3JV1T
PAST xo.min, -a, -0, ~H C::3.n1UJ, -a, -0, -H
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that H,D,TIi and exaTb describe motion in process or intended motion.
Contrast them with XOtufft, and e:uum., which describe repeated motion, Le., motion in more than
one direction. In addition, remember that HlITIi and XO)lHn. ordinarily indicate going on foot,
while exan. and e3JU[l'1> indjcate going by means of some vehicle.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. She oJten goes to cOl/certs. 2. She's on her ~ay to a concert.

Qua 'itiCTO X6.lUIT Ha KOHUCpThI. OHll HJ1e1' Ifa KOiluepT.
C'Ty.LtCHThI 'iaCTO X6.nRT Ha KOHUepThI. Tbr II.ltCWb Ha KOHuepT.
(Mbl, sr, TbJ, Bbl, 01U1, HaTaIUa, CTy.neIlTlm) (MY, .II, Ollll, KllplIJJn, abl)
3. I oJten go 10 Kiev. 4. Zina and Philip (Ire on their way 10 Moscow.

s1: 'i8.CTO C3:lKy B Kl-iea. 3HHa H l1tHJlHlm e,ll,yr B MOCKBy.
OHN '{aCTO tJ,WIT a KHea. Db! e.ne1'e MocKoy.
B
(aJI.MIUlIlCTpa1'op, MbI, 1'bI, Bbl, 31'a (sr, M'hl, TW, oua, Haw II CTY.l1CIlTKII,
)KCHlJUtlla, sr, Olfll) BomCOB, Bbl, 01111)
STRUCTURE REPL.ACEMENT DRIL.L.S
I. rm on my way to school. 2. I'm on my way to Leningrad.

I go to school. I oJten go to Leningrad.
A ~ a wxony. .s1 en.y B lleIlIlHrpA..n.
s1: xO:Y WKOJJY. s1: ..aero b*y a JleulUD'"pti.n.
Mw ltlIeM 8 wKony. OIlH CJIYT a lleHHHrpa.n.
Mw x6AKM WKOJI)'. OHli. ..aCTO bJUIT a JIetfH~.
(Ha1'awa, 01111, TbI, Jr, Bbl, MOll 6paT, MbI (MLl, Thl, TOaapHlll. BoJIKoa, npoBOlUlHK,
B<%) aLl, Jr, OHK)
270 LESSON 12
3. Were you on your way to the park? 4. Were you on your way 10 Kiell?
Did you go to the park? Did you go to Kiell?
BbI' W1II1 B napK? ObI exam1 B K{lce?
Obi XOARJlM B mipK? Ow e3J];HJlH B KHes?
Tw WM B napK? QHa eXaJla B KHcB?
Tbi XOARJI B wi~? OHa bANna 8 Kllcs?
(oHa WJTa, OIiH WJm, Thf WJTa, OJTer men) (lbi cxan, OHH CXaJlH, DommB exan,
crynCuTlm exanH, Tbl exana)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We saw you on the bus. 2. I saw you yesterday near the park.
Were you on your way downtown? Were you on your way to the park!
Mbi re61i BH..ue.n1l B a8T06yce. B'Iepa Ii BaC BH.a.CJ1 OKOJTO napKa.
Tw exan B ropo,a? Bw UIJIii 8 oipK?
Mw sac BH..ue.rnt B aBTo6yce. B'IepA Ii ero BK.aeJJ okono napKa.
Ow eXaJDI ropo,a! Oil wen 8 wipK!
(ee, ero, mlil, BaC, HX) (IIX, ee, Te61i1, Bac, ero)
I. Where were you on Saturday morning? 2. Where were you last week?
I went to the library. I went to KharkOIl.
fll,e rn 6bm 8 cy666ry YrPoM? fne ru 6bm Ha np6wnoH "enene?
A xoJl.lin 6M6JUKrreK)'. st b,1UlJJ 8 XapbK08.
r,ae OHa 6bU1a 8 cy666ry YrPoM? file rn6blna Ha np6wJToii Hell,enc?
OHa xoroilla 6M6mIOTeKy. A lh,lUlJla 8 XapblCOB.
rne Bbl, Kan, 6blJUt B cy666T)' YrPoM? fne BbI, Oner, 6.bLnH Ha np6WJTOH uenene?
rne Bbl, Oner, 6bl/lH B cy666Ty YrPoM? fne BbI, 3HHa, 6wnH ua np6WJTOH HCll,ene?
rne lbl, HpHHa, 6wJTa B cy666Ty YrPoM? fne OHH 6wIH Ha np6WJTOH ue.nene?
file OU" 6bIJUt B cy666Ty YrPoM? f.ne Ou 6bLn ua np6wnoH UCll,ene?
fll,e 6H 6bln B cy666Ty :iTpoM? fAe OHa 6bU1a Ha np6mnoH HeAene?
fll,e BbI' 6bulH B cy666Ty YTPOM?
3. Do you walk to work? 4. Are you going to the theater by cab?
No, I go by bus. No, we're going on/oat.
Ow xOJufTe Ita paooTy neWKOM? Bw elleTC 8 TcaTp 113 TaKCH?
HeT, Ii h*y 118 8ST66ycc. HeT, MY lI.l1.eM netuKOM.
Omi x6nR"r lIa pa66Ty newKOM? Thl e,neUJb 8 Tea'rp ua TaKcli?
Her, 0118 e:t./I.KT "8 8BT66yce. Her, , HJJ;Y netuKOM.
(Olla, TItI, 8aw 6paT, 8awa ceCTpa, OHH, (aHa, 011.11, EBremdf, MbI, Tbl, KaTjI)
.... )
DISCUSSION
Mostnonprefixed, motion verbs have an added feature not found in other verbs: a double set
of imperfectives used to distinguish between unidirectional motion and multidirectional motion.
The unidirectional imperfectives describe a single, one-way trip to a specific destination. It may
refer to an action that is (or was) in process or to one intended in the near future.
51 ceH'IaC HJtY B napK. I'm on my way to the park now.
3flBTpa Ii HJti B KHHO. I'm going to the movies tomorrow.
51 eD.Y B MOCKBy. I'm on my way to Moscow.
3asrpa. Ii eJJ.Y 8 MOCKBy. rm going to Moscow lomorrow.
LESSON 12 271
The multidirectional imperfectives describe movement in marc than onc direction or unspecified
as to destination. This may include one or more round trips, or movement in several directions.
>1 He JIIo6mo xO,l],liTb. I don't likc to walk.
A xO,l],liJl R napK. I went to the park (and returned).
A C3AIUI R KlieR. I went to Kiev (and returned).
A 'faCTO eJ:lKY R KlieR. I onen go to Kiev.
In addition to the distinction between unidirectional and multidirectional movement, Russian
also distinguishes between movement under one's own power (1IJtfli, xoroino) and movement by
means of somc conveyance (ban., bavn.).
While the verbs exan. and b,!IHTb are limited 10 the description of a person's travel by con-
veyance, the movement of the conveyance itself is usually described by means of IUfni or xoJUin,.
Compare 86T HJJ.eT aBTo6yc. Here comes the bus.
3TOT nOeJ,ll "l!eT B KlieB. This lrain goes to Kiev.
noe3,lla cerOJllul lie XOJUlT. Trains aren't running today.
wilh A ClJ.Y B Kliee. I'm going to Kiev.
Mw eJl~IUlI1 lIa nOe311e. We went on the tram.
The verb IIJI.TM is also used in many idioms.
B KUIIO lIlleT xop6wlIii $HnbM. There's a good picture showing at the movies.
l1neT ,llOJKAb. (llien ,l],OJlC)lb.) It's raining. (It was raining.)
l1neT CHer. (llien CHeLl It's snowing. (It was snowing.)
3roT KOCnOM saM lI,llh. That suit becomes you.
The verbs XO.n.Hn. and elJl.HTl> have perfectives which are very rarely used: noxoroin. to do a
bit of walking and ooe:JAMTh to do a bit of riding. The most frequently used perfectives are fanned
from IUIl"Ii and exaTb: nom and noexan.. These perfectives describe the accomplishment of setting
out for one's destination with nothing said about the return.
611 nowen R Mara:ufH. He went to the store or He set off for the store.
6H noexan R MocKBy. He went to Moscow or He set off for Moscow.
Now note the use of the imperfective past of xOAKn. and elltKTb. which in similar situations,
tell us that the person went and returned.
6H xoJJitn B Mara3lill. He went lo the store (and is already back).

6H C3,llHll B MocKay. He went to Moscow (and is already back).
Long-form adjectives: nominative singular and plural

MOOELS
3TO KpacliBbI" KocnOM. That's a lovely suit.

c - - - - - roPO,ll _ _ _ _ _ city.
3TO KpacliBoe OKH6. That's a lovely window.
_ _ _ _ _ 0611.1exH-rne. _____ donnitory.
3ro ICpacliBaJI Kapniua. That's a lovely picture.
-;- ICOMHau. _____ room.
3,-0 KpacHBLIe sewH. Those are lovely things.
_ _ _ _ _ ,llOMa. _ _ _ _ _ _ houses.
272 LESSON 12
31"OT aTJI3C CTapW~. This atlas is old.
____ )],oporo~. _____ expensive .
.,.-- XOp6WH~. _ _ _ _ good.
3TO nJlaTbe CTapoe. This dress is old.
_ _ _ _ )],opor6e. _____ expensivc .
.,.-- xopOwee. _ _ _ good.
3m KHu.ra crl.p:ul. This book is old.
_ _ _ _ )],oporaSi. _____ expensive.
-,--- XOP6W:UI. _ _ _ _ good.
3THKIIHrH cr.ipble. These books are old.
_ _ _ _ )],oporne. _ _ _ _ _ _ expensive.
_ _ _ _ xop6wHe. _ _ _ _ _ good.
KaxOH 6onbwoH JlOM! What a large house!

_ _ XOpOWHH ~ ___ RIce !
KaK6e 6onbw6e 3113HHC! What a large building!
_ _ xop6wee ! ___ nice !
Kadll 60Jlbwall KBapnipa! Wbat a large apartment!
_ _ xop6W:ul ! ___ nice !
Kaxue 60JIbwHe KapTHHbl! Wbat large pictures!
_ _ xop6wHe ! _ _ nice !
rJle 6onbwoH 3An? Where's the large hall?

__ 60nbwaSi aYJlHTopIUl? _ _ the large auditorium?
_ 60nbw6e 06We-'HTHC? _ _ the large dormitory?
__ 60JlbwHe peCTOp3.Hbl? Where are the large restaurants?
:no BTOp6H yp6K. This is the second lesson.

__ BTOpaX neKLUUI. ___ the second lecture.
_ _ BTOp6e c06paHHe. ___ the second meeting.
Y MeUM CTapwH CJ10eapb. I have an old dictionary.
_ _ _ CTap:ul TeTp3..nb. _ _ an old nOlebook.
_ _ _ CTapoe nnaTbe. _ _ an old dress.
Mbl CTaphle llPY3bR. We're old friends.
6opl.lJ, rOpR'IHi:f. The borsch is hot.

_ _ XOpOWKH. _ _ _ _ good.
Bona rOpR'Ia$l. The water is hol.
_ _ xopowa$l. _ _ _ _ good.
MonoIC6 rOpR'Iee. TIle milk is hot.
_ _ _ xop6wee. _ _ _ _ good.
lUH ropJi'lllc. The schi is hot.
_ XOp6WIlC. _ _ _ good.
HH:lKHUH 3T{l:l1C 3amlT. The lower floor is occupied.

HIDtcllu KBapTlfpa 3aJU1T3.. The lower apartment is occupied.
HlhKllee MecTO J3W1TO. The lower berth is occupied.
HWKHlle 3TaJKH JaHJITbi. The lower Doors are occupied.
LfSSON 12 273
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the pattern of adjective endings. Observe that the stress may be
consistently on the endings (as in 6<mbUlOii, ....(je, -aH, -He) or on the stem (as in XOpOUlHii, -ee, -aK,
-He), but that there is no shifting of stress within the various forms of a particular adjective. Soft-stem
adjectives always have their stress on the stem.
EXPANSION DRILLS
I. Where are the factories? 2. Here are the boys.

Where are the large factories? Here are the Russian boys.
rne $3.5pmm? B6T mipHH.
Cae 60JIbwHe ~a6pHKM? 86T pyCCKHC mipllH.
r.ne ManmfH? BOT JteayuIKa.
n.e 6oJlbUloii Mar83HH? BOT pYCCKav .a.eBymKa.
(reaTp, cnoBap.., JIa60paToplUl, (yqlITCJUi, CJIOBapb, KapTa, 4>illTbM, pOMaH,
05me)f{lfflie, OlCHO, O'lepeJl.h, CTaHlJ)Uf, lCH.HrH, 4>a6pHKa)
IIOlK, wxa4>, lCHHO, napK, 4>a6pHK8, llJ.J.J;HK,
pecTopan, 6H6JUfoTeKa)
Is the room large or small? Baw B-arOH :lKecTKHH H.rrH wirKHii?

Small. KBapnipa M8.JJeHbKa~ wm 601lbWaH?
KOMH8Ta 60nbuJast tUm ManeHblClUI? <I:lH1IbM ItHTepeCHhlii "1IH CKy'lHblH?
MaJletlhKaJI. KOMllaTbI M3.JIeHbKlte Wilt 60JlbWHC?
Bame MecTO BepxHee ibm Hlf:lfmee? CTUH.I.(IfR 60JlbWU~ Hm'! M3.JICHbKaH?
HlhKuee.
OryPuhl xOpOllme HJIH Moxlie?
l. Here's ihe large auditorium. 2. The atlases are expensive.

Here's the small auditorium. The atlas is expensive.
BOT 60JIblllall ayJtHTOpWI. ATJIaCbI Jtoporne.
BOT MaJIetlbKaH aY.lI.HTOpuH. ATnac lloporoii.
BOT cKy'lllbie lCnHfH. KHHru HHTCpeCUhIC.
BOT HHTepeCHble KHHnI. Kuiira HHTCpCcH8H.
BOT eepXHee MecTO. OopT$emt XOpOWHC.
BOT nno.u"ie CTYlleUThI. 06we)f{HTIDI 60JlbWHe.
BOT M3.JIeHbKaR CT3.HulUl. nnaTbSl KpacHBbIe.
BOT X?p6WHH ClYJteHT. CnoeapH lloporHe.
BOT MgnmH earoH. nepbSl [lJIoxHe.
BOT H"lKHee MecTo. KOMHaTbl M3.JIenbKHe.
BOT lKCCTlCHii BaroH. CTyJIbR Yllo6l1hle.
3. You're a good friend. BOT M.lIrKl1ii BaroH.

You're good friends. BOT )f{ecnmii Baron.
Bhi XOp6WHH JtpYr. Y Hac 60JlbW3.R aYllHTOplUl.
BLi XOpOUDlC Jl.PY3bH. Y Hllc XOpOWlUI ayJtItTOpS1.
Bbl CTaPblii APYr. Pe3Y1lbTaT HennOXO".
Rbi cnipble llPPbH. KapTa He6oJIbWaSi.
3TO M3.JICHblClUI KOMHaTa. .nOM He6oJlbWOH.
3TO M3.JIeHbKOe OKHO.
274 LESSON 12
DISCUSSION
Russian adjectives follow a fairly simple pattern of endings in the spoken language. Because
of the peculiarities of the spelling system, however, they appear complicated in writing. For con
venience we group them according to their last stem consonant as hard stems, sofl stems, and
mixed stems.
1. Hard stems are those with stems ending in any hard consonant except ut, ~, ", r, or x:
6oJlbllOii, "pacNBblii, CTapblii.
2. Soft stems are those with stems ending in soft II: IlH~IIKii. BCpXHKii.
3. Mixed stems are those with stems ending in ", r, x, ut, ~, 't, and m: ~ecr"Kii, npyl"OH.
6oJJbwOii. l-opli'IHii.
ADIECIlVE ENDINGS IN THE NOMINATIVE SINGULAR AND PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Masculine Neuter Feminine
~ii (-wi) . -oe -aa -"e

HARD
BTOpOii BTOpOe BTopia BTO~C
STEMS
ICpacHBwi ICpaCHBoe ICpaCHB8SI ICpaCHBblC
SOFT -Hit -ee -a. -He

STEMS HH:lICIlKH "H)Kllce HH:lICHaSi IIIhkllHC
I. Stems ending
~ii (-HH) -oe -" -He
JlPyroH Jlpyr6e Jlpynia .lJ.pyni:c
inK,I',x
MarreflbKHii ManeHbKoe Muneubkaa MalleHhkKC
..
MIXED
STEMS ------ ----- ----- ----- - - - - -
2; Stems ending
-oil (-KM) -OC (-ee) - -He
m ut, iK, 't, III 6011bw6ii 60JlbWOe 60nblll8H 60JlbWHe
ropH'lHii ropsi'lee mpsi'l311 ropH'lHe
Mixed stems ending in ,,) r, and x follow the same basic patlern of endings as hard stems,
except that, instead of -Wi (m) and -ble (PI), the endings are -HH and -He respectively; the preceding
K, r, or x is automatically softened. Compare KpacHBloIii, KpacHBblc with M8.rJCHbKHii, ManeHbKHc.
Hard stems have the masculine ending -Oii if stressed, but -lolii if unstressed. Compare BTopOii,
MOJJOJlOH with crapblii, KpacMBblii.
Mixed stems ending in lU and )I( have the masculine and neuter endings -oii and -Oe if stressed,
but -ttii and -ee if unstressed. Compare 6oJJblllOii, OOnbutOe with xOpOlllHii, xop6wee.
Note that some adjectives function as nouns and that some surnames are adjectival in form;
CTOJJOeall (for CToJloeasi ..-6MHan), aiuHu (for eaHHasI KO~HaTa), TOJJCToii, j(OCToeBCKHii. The sur
name for Miss or Mrs. Tolstoy is TOJJCTaa and for Miss or Mrs. Dostoevsky, j(OCToeBCKlUiI. In the
plural the Tolstoys are To.IICTWe and the Dostoevskys j(OCToeBCJ,."MC.
LESSON 12 Z75
4TEHHE H nHCbMO
, ~/~~2
-~, ~. -:Jnw kaa 2
-~. ~ ~ I<:a:-~~,
-$h ~~,2_~j/~ec?7U-
~~IU/~"~~
(L.~~ $k=~.2-~,
r=~' fAa-~~~
-~, ~/~--k~~
.M?U-Z_~ ~,-:bw~~-
~ IU/ ~ ,2-.0z,..a- C~ ~
~.-.fZ~~~,
::no evJ ~.2 - 2a, eve kn- U-CH<-~,
~ Z-c0a,~.
- Moli lPaMHnHR rpaEIT. A Ka.K 83W3 aMRnHSI?

- 6cHlI08. jf H3 fleHHl:lrpa.a.a. A DbI OTKY.n:a?
- .st }l3 AMepHKH. T6nbKo npHt~xaJl cer6D.IDI.
- BOT dK! 6'feHb pall. c aaMi1 n03H3KOMl1TbCSl. Cue aawa KOMHan?
- BOT 3Aecb, Hanp{mo.
~ TaK MbI: TooapuU{H no KOMHaTe! BOT yn3.'1a: Ji KaK paJ y'ty aurmiitcKHH Sl3bIK.
- 0, Obi rooopHn no-aHrnHi'icKH?
- HeMHoro.
~ CK3)1(HTe, Obi nou.ne-re cer6.nIDI B 6H6J1HOTeKy?

- )lll., n6c.rle 066,aa.
276 LessoN 12
- llo>KaJlyficTa, B03bMIfTe )))HI MeHli BoHuy H MHpll.
Xopow6. Ho Bbl, Kf!.:+::eTC.sI, HeJl<lBHO <UtT3JlI1 :hOT pOMaH?
- j],a, 1'10 TaKHe Demit uaao 'iIofTaTb MHcro pa3.
- HOCHJ1bUlHK. B03bM~fTe. nO:lK3.JTyHcT3, Moli 6ara)l(,

- CeH'lac. Bbl xonrre noexaTb H3 TaKe"?
J1.a, Ji 6'ieHb enemy.
- BOH T.3.M TaKe". TaKe"! nOJlO:)I0ITb BeW" 86ara)KHHK?
- )l.a, nOlK3nyHCTa. BOT, B03bMHTe 10 KoneeK.
CnacH60.
- Obi: 'laCTO XOJ1HTe B KHHO?

- XO:lKY, tlO He '13CTO. HHor.n:a B cy666ry.
- XOTitTe nOHTH J3BTpa BC'fepoM?
A 'ITO H,l.leT?
- DaHill'! Mlip}).
Ii
- 3TO. IGlJKeTCJl. 3MepHdHclmij lj>HnI.M?

- D.fl, ". rOBop~, XOp6WHH.
- nOH,a,eM. HHTepecHo nOcMoTpITb.
- >1 e.ny 80 Bna.nlIBOCTOK. KalKeTCSI, MhI nOIlYr't.HKH?

- .[la, 1'10 TOJ1bKO ltO MOCKBb.. >1 eAY B MOCKOy.
- CKOJlbKO apeMeH" exaTb .no MOCK8bJ?
- Wec-rb '"IaCoD. A CKOJlbKO OT MOCKBbI lt~ Bn3AHBOCTOKa?
- CCMb AIltHi, KCl)KeTCJl.
- TciK 116nro? Kor,Q3.:t<e 8W npHeAe-re?
- CerO.o.HJI nOHeAenhHHK. 3HaqHT li npueJIY 80 Bna.o.IIBocrOK Ha cncAyK)ll.[eH HeAene,
BO 8TOpHHK nH 8 CPCAY
-TaKC!
- BAM Ky.o.a?
_ B rOCTHHHuy (YKpaltHa). TOJIbKO li O"leHb cnewy.
- ~TO miTb MnHYr, He 60Jlbwe.
- Hy aOT, Mbl y)l(C cAeM nll:Tb MHHy-r. Ell.[c ,uaJIeKo?
- Hth) cejjqac. BOH, BHll:HTe, Haneeo 60J1hUlOjj .nOM? ~TO Ii eCTb rOCTlhml.l;a
((YKpaHlla).
- npeKpaCIIO. CKOJ1bKO C MeHli?
- Aaa.aU3Tb KoneeK.
- nO)l(3JIyHCTa.
- Bbl r08opiITe, 'ITO 33K333nH 3ll:eCb HOMep?

- A3, Ji 33K33a.n He6oIlbWOH HOMep ,lV1S1 O,l{Boro.
- K:\K 83W3 3MHnHl'!?
- rp3HT. <l>Hmfnn rp3HT.
- Bbi 3MepHK3..fleu?
- A3. A CTYl{CHT MOCKOBCKoro YllHaepcHTe-r3.
- A. 3Ha'fHT 8br He .n:OJ1ro y HaC 6YJleTe.
- He-r, T611bKO llB3 JVlJl:.
LESSON 12 1:"17
LESSON 13
PREPARATJON FOR CONVERSATION
Be'lepHHH, -lUI; -ee, -He evening

l{HT,Urre Be'lepHJOJO MOCkBY'. Read the Evening Moscow.
ra3C'ra newspaper
nocoBCTosan. (prv I), nOCOBeT}'lO, to advise
-eWb, -JOT
KaKyJO ralhy BbI MHe nocoseryeTe 'lHTan. ? What paper would you advise me to read?
H3BCcTHe news, news report
t&boocnul (pi) Izvestia (name of newspaper)
npaB.n.a Pravda (name of newspaper)
HMHa, KaKylO raJiTy Bhr Mae nocoBiTyc-re Nina, which newspaper would you advise me
"lHTan. - fIpu.n.Y, dh~? to read, Pravda (orJ Izvestia?
Her, "lHTaiiTe \(Be'fiptllOtO MOCKBy)l. No, rcad the Evening Moscow.
06bllBJlCHHe notice, announcement, declaration
TeaTpaJlbHblA theater, theatrical
TaM TeaTpanbllbiC 06bHsncHHH. It has theater notices.
npoHClllCCTBHC happening, occurrence, accident, event,
incident
TaM TeaTpanbllble 06bllSJlCHH}I, It has theater notices and [local] events.
npoHcwCCTBH}I.
T6T )KC, Ta JKe, T6 JKe, Te JKe the same
Be3J.J.C everywhere
11680CTb (f) news, novelty
H6socnl se3.nC TC )Ke. The news is the same in all of them (iiI. every-
where).
TlliM Te8rpa.'1hIfhlC 061>llBJJeulUl, npoHCUJttTllltK, It has theater notices and local events, and the
a HOBOCTH BeJJ.J.e n .e. news is the same in all of them.
'1aCTllblH [~asnij] private, personal
'laCTHWe 06bHBJlCHH}I wanl ads, private ads
Y sac lib '1aCTHblX 06bHBJleHHH. You don't have want ads.
npo.nasan. (I), npoJ.J.a.o, -eWb, -lin to sell
m
mOll. JlIOJl.eii people
KaK :t::e .mOll npo,naK)T CDOH acm" Just how do people sell their things?
A CKajKHTe, sOT y aac OCT ttaCTllblX Tell me, since you don't have wanl ads, bow
061>HBJICHHN, KaK :e moll,M npoAa,Hn do people sell their things?
CRoff UtitH?
nOllep;KaHHblH [pac;lerf:mij] secondhand
nonepa>aHHble BtIltH? Secondhand things?
KOMHCCHOHHble Mara3HUbl commission stores (statemanaged

secondhand stores)
B KOMHceOHHhJX Mara3Hllax. In commission stores.
TOJlKYttKa flea market, secondhand market
B KOMHCCHOHHblX lum Ha TOJlKy'lKax. In commission stores or at the flea
market.
3HaKOMhFe (acc, gen, and prep pi acquaintances, friends
3l1aKoMhlx)
'Jepe3 (plus ace)1 through, across, by way of, in
4epe3 311aKoMLlx. Through friends.
npocToii (adv np6cm) simple, simply
8 KOMHceItOlfflblX, nil TOJJKy'IKC, HJlH In commission stores, at the fica market,
npOcTO "Icpe3 JHllK'OMhlX. 'or simply through friends.
Ax, BOT OuO -no! Oh, so that's it!
pelUl3Ma advertisement, advertising

Y .mc M3.JJO pelUlaM. You have so few advertisements.
JaMenrn. (pfv II), JaMe'ly, :laMeTlfWh, -'IT to notice
.st :laMe-run, 'ITO y sac Mana pelUlaM. I've noticed you have very few advertisements.
M6K.ny npO"IHM by the way, while we're on the subject
MC*Jl.Y npO'OL\t, Ii laMent!I, ...ro y By the way, I've noticed you have very
aac Ma.TJO peKnaM. few ads.
;KypHan magazine, journal

Y Hac M3.JJo peKnAM, lla>KC B >Kyp- You have very few ads, even in
H3.JJax. magazines.
OrOReK (gen sg ,(OrOllbKa,,) Dgof/yok (name or Soviet
magazine-lit. small light)
Y aac MallO peKJlliM, Jl,aiKe B *ypH8113X, You have so few ads, even in magazines,
1I11llpllMep B OrOllhKe. for example, in Ogonyok.
O'lepK sketch, essay, feature story
'CllIA (jill! formCOCJl.IlHCHllbJe WT3.TbI Ihe U.S.A.
AMepHK) [e&Al or [Ha}
Bbi '1HT3..Jrn O'lepK 0 CruA" Did you read the feature story on the U.S.A?
nocnellHHii!-J1.,-ee,-He last, latest
B nOCJ1eJI.ReM nOMepe in the last issue
8 nOCne/lllCM. HOMepe 6bL'I OoiepK In the last issue there was a feature story on
o cmA. Bbi 'fII"rinH? the U.S.A. Did you read it?
1 The: preposition 'Iepn is pronounced eitbcr with a ~al: stress on the: firsl syllable or without stlU$ allOgetoor. It has
too meaning in only in time upressi.ons: ~ "i<: in an hour.
280 LESSON 13
l(MTllJI. A our 0':'- 113m :.KYPIl3.Jl I did. But do you know our
.Al\.tcplII\a. JII3.eTe? magazine America?
TPYllllO (adj TpYllHbIH) hard, difficult
.ali, 110 en) TpY.tl.IIO llOCT8TL. Yes, but it's hard to get hold of it.
H" not (negative particle), no maHer

o K3KOM KHocKe 1111 cnp6cllwb no matter at which newsstand you ask
OTOe,- answer
p3cnp6llaH,-a,-o,-~ sold out
R t\a,,6~t "MOc"e 11M Cnp6cMlUt., BCer.wi No matter al what newsstand you ask, it's
OD.Ku OTBiT: ..PacrtpO.llaHLI always the same answer: 'They're sold out."
crp3.HIIO (adj crp3.HHblii) strange
CrpaHIIO. That's strange.
nocOnbCTOo embassy
llOCTaB3.Tb (I), llOCTafO, --ern\>, -fOT to get, get hold of
R MOry .aocraB3.Tb HX 8 H3.WCM noconbCTBe. I can get them at our embassy.
OrYlUaiiTe, Ii MOt-y D.0CT3aan. Kx B Listen, I can get them at our
HalUeM nocOJ1bCTBe. embassy.
ROT xop0ut6! Good!
6paTb (.), 6epy, -ernb, ~Yr (pfv B311Tb) to take, get, borrow
s1 Tormi 6ylU' 6pliTb y sac. Then I'll get them from you.
SUPPLEMENT
COse-rOB3Tb (I), COBthyt<'>, -eWb, -H>T to advise

'lTo Bbl Mile COOe,-yCTC? What would you advise me '1
npo'lllTaTl> (pfv) to read (through), to finish reading
RW)')ICe npo'lIlTaml raJe-ry? Have you finished reading the newspaper?
nerKII" nox~ijl easy, light
nen,o [lixk6] easy, easily
He T3.K nerKO JJOCT3.Tb )f(ypml.n (~epHKa}). It's not so easy to get hold of the magazine
America.
'lenOBCK (pi mOllll) person, human being, man
611 XOp6WHH 'lCnOUeK. He's a nice person.
Qlla XOPOWIIH 'ICnOUeK. She's a nice person.
pa.nIlO (indccl n) radio
nOCJIYlIJaeM pa.nIlO. Let's listen to the radio.
HOObl" new
4TO HOBoro'1 What's new?
MonOllO" young
Rbi 3HaeTe :iTOro Mono,n6ro 'lenOoeKa'1 Do you know this young man'1
ynlfLt8 ~ street
BOT nO'lTa 'lepe3 YnllLty. There's the post office across the street.
LESSON 13 281
J. - JH1IHnn H. - HIlHa
<1>. HMHa, KaKylO f83eTY 8b1: MHe nocoBhye-re 'IHTchb - npaB,lly, 113Becnub,1 1
H. 2 HeT, '1HTaihc Be'lepHlOIO MOCKBy>': TaM -rearpanbHble o6hSlsneHHR,

npoHcrnOCTBHR, a HOBOCTH Be3JJ.e Te :lKc. 2
<1>. 3 Xopomo. A CKa:lKHTe, BOT Y sac Hh 'IaCTHblX 06'hRBneHHH, KaK :lKe mO,llH npO,ll8KH
CBOH BemH 1
H. 4 nOJJ.ep:lKaHHblc? B KOMHCCHOHBblX, Ha TonKy'lKe, wm npocTo 'Iepe3 3HaKoMblx. 1
<1>. 5 Ax, eOT OHO 'ITO! Me:lKJJ.Y np6'1HM, if 3aMeTJUl, 'ITO y Bac Mano peKnaM. 4 ,[J;<bKc
B :lKypHanax, HanpHMep B OroHbKe. S
H. 6 JI,a. TaK BW )'IKe 3HaKOMbJ c OroHbKoMll 1 KCTchH, B nOCJIettHeM H6Mepe 6hln

O'lepK 0 CIlIA, 8';1 LJHTMH?'
<1>. 7 l.J:HTM. A BOT Bbl Ualli :lKypHM AMepHKall 3HaeTe?1
H. 8 JI,a, HO cro TpyttHO JJ.oc-rnTb. B KaKoM KH6cKe HH cnp6cHlllb, BcerJJ.a OMH oTBer:
PacnpOttaHbll'.
<1>. 9 Crp:iHHO. CnyrnaATe, if MOry ttOCTaB3.Tb HX 8 HallJeM nocOnbCTBe.
H. 10 BOT xoporno! .st TOfJJ.a 6ytty 6paTb y Bac.
NOTES I I1pb/.la>1 Prawla (Truth) and J'(3aecrn Izvestia (News) are the two largest
Soviet newspapers; the first is the official party newspaper and the second is the
official government newspaper. Each issue is usually made up of four pages, limited
to national and international items of political significance. Note that J.hlSic'rsm
is plural: >t no 'IJI'Ti;r d138kTJurx.
2 llBeotepKIUI MOCKluh used to be the only paper in the Soviet Union that
published local news items, including accidents. There is also a comparable news-
paper in Leningrad called (<Be'lepIIHH JleHHHrp8;:v>.
3 TOJlJI:Y'lKM are establishments where practically any secondhand item can be
bought or sold. They are frowned on by the government and are frequently closed
down or moved to the outskirts of town- to discourage people from patronizing
them. KOMHCCM6ton.Ie MBnl3NuY are government-supported secondhand stores
where people may buy and scU used things. A seller m~t wait to receive his money
until the item bas actually been sold.
The Soviet government is now doing a little more advertising of commodities
than it did before World War II, using radio, posters. and occasionally even neon
signs. Announcements on radio and television tell what goods have come into the
slate stores. In addition, bulletin boards have been installed in display windows;
on these boards, individuals can post announcements of things for sale.
, (0r0HeK is a popular weekly illustrated magazine whose contents range
from articles on national and international themes to fiction, verse, art reproduc-
tions, and crossword puzzles.
282 LESSON 13
6 cwA (Coe.lUfJleHHWe WTliTw Al\tt~PHKH) is pronounced [e~ea] by some
people and [~a] by others. Some speakers say 06 cwA [abdka] and others
o cwA [a.u3.]. Like CCCP this abbreviation is not declined: B cwA, B CCCP.
The basic rule for abbreviations is that they are not declined unless they contain a
medial vowel: compare 06 CCCP with 0 cYMe.
1 AMepKKb is an illustrated magazine with articles on life in the U.S.; it is
printed in Russian and distributed in the Soviet Union by the U.S. Department of
State. Soviet officials allow only a limited number to be sold, often returning large
quantities to the American embassy, supposedly unsold. A very limited number of
newsstands in the large cities are allowed to sell AMepllKs, and, when the word
gets around that a new issue has arrived, friends of the clerks who distribute and
sell it usually buy up the few available copies. Secondhand copies sell readily in
used-book stores.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION nOC.,JJjwaeM nJlBcTliHKH
nnacnlHKa phonograph record

nocnyrnaTb (prv I) (/ike cnyrnaTb) to listen [toJ
nOCJfyrnaeM nnacnllfJCH. leI's listen to records.
no.npYra girl friend (of a girl)
BW eme He B..me.'lH MoHX OO.IIPyr. You haven't seen my girl friends yet.
33.ii'ni (pfv I), :saHnY, -crnb, -y-r to drop in, stop by, call on
(past 33.wCn, 33.w.na, -0, -If)
3aH..iJ.eM B 06meJKUTHe. Let's drop in at the donnitory.
XOTIn-e, JJtiiJJ.eM B 06ute-....-Mnte, Want to drop in at the dormitory and
IIOJH8KOMJIJO ? I'll introduce you '!
With great pleasure or I'd like to very mucb.

nponycK (pI -a, -60) pass, entry permit
nan (pfv irreg) (past Aan, -3, -6, -H; fut to give, let
,ll}lM, ,!J;arnh, nitCT, .ua,ruIM, .na,ll,HTe,
OllJ1YT)
A Mile .nanjT IlpOoyeK? But will they give me a pass"
KOHC<uto. Of course.
MY3b1Ka music
(special gen)
'13010 [some] tea
8bmHTh (pfv I), BbUIbIO, BblfJbeWb, -lOT to drink, to finisb drinking
BWnbe.\t 'taJQ, Mj:J.WKy DOCJJjwaCM. We'll drink some tea and listen to music.
npoHrpWBaTeJlb (m) record player
Y HaC ecn, npoHrpblBaTeJlb. We have a record player.
yronol( (vaT of )irOJl) comer
Kp3.CHhlH red
KpaCHbI" yrOJJOK recreation room
LESSON 13 283
Y mic B KpaCIIOM yrOJfKe eCTb In our recreation room therc's a
Jlpofil'pblBaTCJfb. record player.
fipeK'pacuo. Fine.
nCeIlS! (gcn pi nCCCH) song
HapO.!J.1IbJH folk, popular
TaM, llaBepllo, CcrL PYCCK~C There probably are Russian folk songs there?
napO}.I;Hble necaH?
DeBeU (gen and acc sg nCHua; nom pi singer (m)
neBubl, gen and acc pi neaUDa)
neallua singer (f)
HCnOJIHCHHe performance
B I1cnOJlHeHrm performed by
1I.a, MHoro, II B IICnO}lIIellllll JlY<fIlIHX nCBuOB II Yes, lots, and performed by the best men and
neBK", women singers,
R mo6mo BawH H3po.nHbJe necHH. I'm fond of your folk songs.

'lePHhtH black, dark
O'm (poetic for rJl33a) eyes
A T3K m06mo alliull llapO,!UIl>Je nIIK, I'm so fond of your folk songs, for example,
lIanplIMep .0'111 'Iepllwe to "Dark Eyes."
pOM{mc love song (semi classical)

.D.a :ho CTClPblH pOMaHC. Why, that's an old love song.
neTb (I), nOlO, nOemb, DOKn to sing
y)l{e lie no longer
KOTOpblH which, what, that
lla iTO cTapbJii poMallc, KOTOPbJii y",e He Why, that's an old love song that's no longer
nOKn, sung.
IleY)l{emi? really? you don't say?

Hey",eJfH? Really?
(pfv II) (like CJThJW3Tb)

YCJTbJW3Th to hear
MeJlO,l{HS! melody, tune
Y Hac B AMepHKe .try MCJJO,il.JtJO "IaCTO In America that tune may often be heard.
MO:lKlIO ycJTbImaTb.
1I.a IIY? No kidding?
ill,,"' jazz, popular music

MbJ mo6HM BaW ,ll)K,b. We love your jazz.
A ~bi J"OOHM Bli.tu .a;",h. T6J1LKO nJlacrHlIKII By the way, we love your jazz. but it's hard
TPY.a;1I0 JI.OCTaB3TL. to get records.
Jt nplfllecY. y MeHli HX Muoro. I'll bring some; I have a lot of them.
SUPPLEMENT
nplfHOClITb (II), npHHorny, nplfHOCffilJb, to bring

-",
611 'faCTO npl1110CUT nn3CTHHKu. He often brings records.

6eJlhtH white
cHlUfH dark blue
284 LESSON 13
rOJly66J1 light blue
3e.nCHbtH green
)l{eJlTblH yellow
usb, -3 (nom pi uoeTa) color
KaKoro UBCT3 what color, of what color
KaKoro uBtha BaW KOCTtOM? What color is your suit?
- CHHero (or clfHHH). Dark blue.
BKyCHhlH (adv BKYCHO) tasty, good (tasting), delicious
XOTIfTe "awxy aKjcuoro x~? Want a cup of good coffee?
rna3, -a; rna3A, rna3 eye
y llee cHHHe rna3a. She has dark blue eyes.
JIOCnYUJaCM nnaCTHHKH
H. - HlfH3 <1>. - Cl>HlIftnn
H. nmmn, Bbi Cute He BK.aeJlH MOHX no.npyr. XOTHTe, 33MeM B 06ute>KHTHc,

n03HaXOMJIJO .,
<1>. 2 C 60JlbUJHM y.nOBon.bCTBHeM. A MHe )la.nYr npbnycx?1

H. 3 KOHe'fHo. BbiDbCM "3fO, M;I3b1XY nOCJljwaeM. Y HaC B KpaCHOM yrOJlxe teTb
npoHrpbIBaTCJIb. 2
<1>. 4 OpeXpaCHO. TaM, HaBepHO, ecn. pyCCX"C Hap6.nHblC necHH?

H. 5 J].a, MHoro, H B HCnOnReRHH .nY<fIllHX nCBuoB H nCBJfU.
<1>. 6 J1: T3K mo6mo BawH HapOJJ:HLJC n6cHH, HanpHMep 6,," 'fCPHblC>.
H. 7 6"H "CpHblc>.?,l],a .:ho CTapblii poMaHC, KOTOpWH y)l(e He nOK>T. l
<1>. 8 Hey)KeJll'l? A y HaC B AMepHKe :hy Men6JJ.HIO ",\eTO M6)KHO YCJIhIWaTb.
H. 9)],a Hy? A Mhl JUOGHM Balli )l)l(h, TonbKO nnaCTl1HKH -rpY.nHO .nOCTasaTb.
<1>. 10 J1: npuRecy, y MefiR HX Mlioro.
NOTES lOne's pass or entry permit np6nyCK must be shown to the custodian on enter-
ing or moving out of a dormitory. Another pass is needed to enter a university
library. Also, foreign students must request a special permit for traveling outside
the city; this pennit must be shown when checking into a hotel.
2 Kpacuwii )TOJ.OK little red corner refers to the recreation room in dormitories,
factories, schools, universities, and clubs throughout the U.S.S.R. Each recreation
room has a portrait of Lenin and sometimes one of Marx, Khrushchev, and others,
and the rooms are frequently painted red. KpJictu.rii originally meant beautiful, and
in Orthodox tradition the KpacHwM )'ro.'l was the right-hand comer of the room
where icons or holy pictures were hung.
LESSON I 3 285
J The term poMliHc is derived from French; in Russian it describes a certain
type of love lyric, set to music. Such well-known poets and composers as nYrnKHH
and lfaHKOSCKHH have helped to create them. POMliHc also refers to popular gypsy
songs lIbIJ'UCKHe poMliHcw., but is not used in the English sense of romance. The
word for romance is poMliH (which also means novel [book]).
J Russians are inclined to call any Western popular music ,roa.:b. Foreign music
has a special appeal to Russians, especially to those of the younger generation,
and they are willing to pay high black market prices for foreign records.

I. KaJCoro It8e-ra Mwe IlJlaTbe? What color is your dress?
- 3e.rtCHoro. Green.
- )KCJlToro. Yellow.
- SbIoro. White.
- 4cplloro. Black.
- KpacHoro. Red.
- rOJly6oro. Light blue.
- CHHero. Dark blue.
2. KaxyfO ra3CTy 8Ll 'lHTaeTe? What newspaper are you reading?

_ _ _ kHHry ? _ _ book ?
Ku6ii Xypll:l.n ? What magazine ?
_ _ poM" 7 _ _ novel ?
KuOe rntChMO ? What letter ?
06'MI8JleHHe _ _ 7 _ _ notice 7
KaKHe CTHxH ? What verses ?
yp6JCII 7 _ _ lessons ?
3. 0 'lCM Obi rOOOpHTe? What are you talking about?

- 0 RaweM KJJj6e. About our club.
_ _ _ _ $aKYJJbTCTe. _ _ _ _ department.
_ _ _ _ _ OttepKe. _ _ _ _ essay.
_ _ _ _ _ IlOCOJJbCToe. _ _ _ _ embassy.
4. 0 IfCM alia y:maJIa? What did she find out about?

- 0 TBee" JCoMHaTt. Aboul your room.
_;- JCBapn1pe. _____ aparlment.
____ y.a;alfe. _ _ _ _ success (or good luck).
_____ owH6JCe. _ _ _ _ mistake..
____ Tp9noe. _ _ _ _ group.
5. He 3a6j,lJ;b 0 El3U1HX :1I03MeHax. Don't forget about our exams.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JlexU,Hjfx. ________ lectures.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W1aCnftIXax. ________ records.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npoHTpblsaremrx. ________ record players.
_ _ _ _ _ _ p3JxHO. ________ radios.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ nponyclCax. _______ passes.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bewax. _______ lhings.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KBHT'3.HU,HJIX. ________ receipts.
286 LESSON 13
6. B"n paone" Her TCaTpa1lbUbiX 06MIB1IeUHH. There aren't any theater ads in Pravda.
_ _ _ _ _ _ '1acTIlblX _ _ _ _ _ _ _ private _
B "H3BecTHRX" HCT HHTepeCUhlX 061.S1anelUtH. There aren't any intcresting ads in Izvestia.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TaxHX _ _ _ _ _ _ such _
7. Qmi npHellyr BcnellytOw,ytO ru1THHu.y. They'll arrive next Friday.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cy666ry. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Saturday.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cpeny. _ _ _ _ _ _ Wednesday.
.sf npHellY Bcnell)'lOwHii 8TOptuU.:. I'll arrive next Tuesday.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'Ienepr. _ _ _ _ _ Thursday.
__________ nOllellCnhHHK. _ _ _ _ _ Monday.
MbI: npHellCM BCJIell)'lOwee BocKpeceHhe. We'll arrive next Sunday.
8. .sf Tamx KapnfH ewe lie SH,neJI. I've never seen pictures like that before.
_ _ _ moneH _ _ people .
_ _ _ pe""'M _ ______ advertisements .
_ _ _ <j>'6pUK _ _ factorics _
_ _ _ KHOcKOB _ _ _ _ _ _ newsstands _
_ _ _ Tfl.HUcO _ _ dances _
9. .sf HmY He601lbWOH RW,HK. I'm looking for a small box.

- - - - - - ",.'<j>. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cupboard.
________ CTOJ1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ table.
_ _ He6oJlhwylO nOJlkY. _ _ _ _ _ _ a small shelf.
________ kOMuaTY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ room.
________ rocniHHuy. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hotel.
___ uc60JIhwHe Kop66KH. _____ some small boxes.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTaKiHbI. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ glasses.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ J10jKKH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ spoons.
10. MbI: 6bvTH B 601lhwoii aYllHropHH. We were in a large lecture hall.

________ KBapTHpe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ apartment.
_________ x6MH3re. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ room.
____ S 601lbwOM r6polle. ____ in a large lown.
_________ o6mel'C1ITHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dormitory.
_______ 3ane. _ _ _ _ _ _ hall.
________ pccTopane. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ restaurant.
_________ 3naHIHL _ _ _ _ _ _ building.
11. 3ll6ch lIeT APyroro nposOlllIHKl'I.? Isn't there another conductor here?
_______ HOCHJlbutHKa? _ _ _ _ _~ porter ?
_ _ _ _ llpyroii npollaBWHI..l,hI? ______ saleslady _ _ ?
_______ Y'!HTeJlbU"UbI? -- teacher (f)-?
12. BbI: CKOPO eC'J""rHTe llPyrHx npoleccopOs. You'll soon meet other professors.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1IlO.I1eii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ people.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ceKpeTapeii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ secretaries.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WO<j>epoB. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ drivers.
___________ aMCpHK3.HQCS. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Americans.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ YKpaHHQco. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ukrainians.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pyCCKHX. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Russians.
LESSON 13 11r7
13. MO>lnlo 'UnaTb'? - XOpOlllO, '1HTil.lhe! Is it all right to read? O.K. go abead!
_ _ _ mtc..1Tb? __ IHtWHTC! ______ wrile? ____ I
_ _ _ rODOp"Tb? __ rosopine 1 _ _ _ _ _ talk?
_ _ _ cnpocHTb? __ cnpocine! _ _ _ _ _ ask?
-, ?
_ _ _ lIr!JTb. ~,- ,
_ _ lI'vuHTe. _ _ _ _ _ play?
_ _ _ paooTaTb? __ pa66TaHTe! _ _ _ _ _ work?
_ _ _ CJlYwaTb'1 __ cnjrnaHTc! ______ Iisten"
_ _ _ miTb? _ _ nem! _ _ _ _ _ drink?
___ neTb
?_ __ "miTe.
- I _ _ _ _ _ sing?
_ _ _ OTKPblTb QKHO? _ _ OTKpOihe! _ _ _ _ _ open tbe window? _
_ _ _ JaKpbiTb Jlaepb? _ _ JaKpOiITe! _ _ _ _ _ close the door?
14. BMlle BHAe.nH Moero 6pATa? You didn't see my brother?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .ltpYr"a? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friend?
_____ lUiwero w<:KPepa? ______ our driver?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npoBo.QHHKa? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ guide (or conductor)?
_ _ _ _ _ MOH:x 6pan.ea? _ _ _ _ _ my brothers?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npy.Jiii? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends?
_ _ _ _ _ lIliwH.X npo4leccopOB? ______ our professors?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ToB<ipllmcH? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends (or comrades)?
15. 0n 6bul
y MOeK cecTpbl. He was at my sister's place.
_ _ _ _ _ _ nOll,pyTH. _ _ _ _ _ girJ friend's _
Haweli Y'IlITe.nbHHUbl. ____ our teacher's _ _
_______ aMcpllkCl.HKH. ______ American woman's .
16. Obi CTOJimt OKano cooero BarOHa. You were standing near your coach.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,u,6Ma. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ house.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6arIDKa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ baggage.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06WC)l(ltTlt.ll. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dormitory.
________ CBoeH ,llBepH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your door.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ roCTliHHUbl. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hotel.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JJa60pan)pIlH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laboratory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CBO"X KapT"H. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your pictures.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KapT. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ maps.
17. .s1liC enmb. I'm not asleep.

611 lie COl-I'r. He's not asleep.
Mbl lie cnHM. We're not asleep.
OlUi lIe emiT. They're not asleep.
Tw He cmiWb. You're nol asleep.
8w He cmiTe. You're nOI asleep.
18. 611 HU'icr6 lie 3aMeTHT. He won't notice a Ihing.
OWl _ _ lie JaMeTHT. She won'l notice _
Obi IIC JaMeTHTc. You won'l notice _
Mbl _ _ lie JaMeTHM. We won't notice _
.sf lie JaMe'ly. I won't notice _
Tbi He 3aMCTHlUb. You won'l notice _
19. .sf Me C Heii n03HaK6MJuo. I'll introduce you 10 her.
6H n03HaJ(OMHT. He'll introduce _
OH" n03HaJCOMJn. They'll introduce _
Mbi n03HaJ(OMHM. We'll introduce _
288 LESSON I3
Bbl MeHli C Hcii n03HaKOMliTC? Will you introduce me to her?
Tbi n03HakOMUWb? Will you introduce ?
20. Bbi YCJIwwlfTe o,lUloro Ii) Jly'lumx neouOo. You'll hear one of the best singers.
Tbi' YCJIWllIHllIb _ You'll hear _
6H ycJIbuuHT . He'll hear _
Mbi' yCJIbunHM _ We'll hear _
>1 ycm;,wy . I'll he.,. _
QHn yc.nhlwaT _ They'll hear _
21. A ceii'lac nonY"Y aiWH sCu.ut. I'll get your things right away.
Oil __ noJl)i"lHT _ He'll get _
Qlln _ nOJly'laT _ They'll get _
M.. __ nOJly'lHM _ We'll get _
B" __ nony'llue _ You'll get _
T" __ nonj'lHllIb _ You'll get _
22. OH nOJlO:lKHT saw 6ani:lK S Taxcn. He'll put your baggage in the taxi
.s1 nonoxY _ I'll put _
Mbl 110nOJKHM _ We'll pul _
Omi nOJlO:lKaT _ They'll put _
lUo4>ep nOJlO:lKHT _ The driver wiU put _
23. A J3STpa
DOCMOTpIO :hy KapTIilly. ,'II see the picture tomorrow.
M" __ nOCMOTpHM _ We'll see _
3nHa _ nOCMOTpHT _ Zina will see _
B" __ nOCM6TpHTe _ You'll see _
QRn __ nOCMOTpJIT _ They'll see _
T" __ flOCMOTpHWb _ You'll see _
24. Mbi' C lIeit noroBopnM 06 :iTOM. We'll have a talk with her about it.
A noroBop.o _ I'll have _
B" __ noroeopliTe _ You'll have _
T.:. _ _ noroBopHwb _ _ You'll have _
Oil _ _ norosopHT _ He'll have _
OHn _ _ noroBopJiT _ They'll have .
Pronunciation practice: initial clusters with [r] or [rl

A. Clusters with [r] or (rl in second position in the cluster.
[brak] 6paK [srok] cpOK [tp] TJ'H

marnage date, term three
[brat] 6paT [gran rpaq, ("'Iii) TpCTuH
brother count third
[pravdo] npluula (gnls) 'Pi> [Zi'Qijo] 3ptHHe
truth load sight
[pr6~] np6cb6a [kraj] x:pAii [spda) cpe";
request ooge Wednesday
[mn] oPYH [bre t ] 6ptll [rs[Cdu] .cptllY
liar delirium on Wednesday
[vrae] epa'l lbpvno] 6peSHO [8ftK) rpCK
physician log sin
LESSON 13 2119
[francus] !ppaHl,Y3 [p[iyet] npHBCT {gral) rpR3b
Frenchman greetings dirt
ldrukJ JI.pyr [pram.) npRMo [kr ts].] Kpee.nO
friend straight armchair
[dram:.) JI.p3.Ma [V{eql:'J Bpf:MjI [kril6J KPbUIO
drnma time wmg
[trildn<l) TPYJI.HO [vral ) sPAA (xr.im) XpaM
difficult into line temple
[trojb) ..-p6iiKa [f[igal] <j>penlT [k[ik) kPiU:
troika frigate shout
[uaook] 3pa<foJ: [drevQij) ,D,pf:BlUtH [xre n ) xpt"
pupil of eye ancient horseradish
[srazu] cplny [d[imall ,D,peMaTb
immediately to doze
8. Clusters with [r) in first position in the cluster.

[rtull pry-rh [rvanij] psaHblH [rva\] poaTb (rta] pTa
quicksilver lorn to tear of a mouth
The formation of the second person imperative

MODELS
nO;tC3.JJyHCTa, 3aX0.uH. Come in, please.

n O;K3.JJyHCTa,. 3axome. Come in, please.
CMOTPH, SOT MeT HHHa. Look, there goes (or here comes) Nina.
CMOTpHTe, SOT 'tlleT HHua. Look, there goes (or here comes) Nina.
nO,LlO)K,D,H! Wait a bit!
nO.llOiK,D,HTe! Wait 3 bit!
nO" rp6M'Ie! Sing louder!
n6H're rp6M'Ie! Sing louder!
HapeiKb orYPUbl! Cut the cucumbers!
Hape)KbTe orypUbl! Cut the cucumbers!
HamtWH :ho! Write it!
HanmWfTe 3TO 1 Write it!
He nHwlt! Don't write!
He mnUHTe! Don't write!
OncpOH OkHO! Open the window!
OncpOHTe OKHO! Open the window!
He OncpblB<1H OkHa! Don't open the window!
He oncphlBaHTe OkHa! Don't open the window!
Ta.H.UyH! Dance!
TaH~j:jTe! Dance!
He neil! Don't drink!
He OeHre! Don't drink!
H.IDi: .llOMO"! Go home!
H.aliTe .llOMO"! Go home!
290 LfSSON 13
Second person imperatives are based on the present-future stem, which can best be found by
dropping the endings -YT, -toT, -aT, and -fIT from the third person plural.
The familiar-singular imperative ends in -II, -i, or -b; the plural-polite imperative is fonned by
adding unstressed -Te to the basic familiar-singular fonn. Of the three variants, only -N is a true
ending; -ii and -b are properly part of the stem itself: -ii is written to show that the stem ends in
the consonant sound .Lil, and -b is written to show that the finaJ stem consonant is soft.
I. Imperatives in -ii. Most verbs with an imperative in -it have a vowel preceding the written
ending of the present-future. Their true stems, however, end in (j), spelled i in the imperative.
THIRD PERSON PLURAL IMPERATIVE
llyMa-JOT [dumaj-ut] llyMaii ttYMaiiTe

'lHTa-JOT [~itaj-ut] 'U1TaH 'lllTaiiTe
Tanuj-loT [tancuj-ut] TaHuj" TallujiiTe
Cl'O-slT [staj-at] cT6ii cT6ihe
no-fbT [paj-utl n6ii n6ihe
YllHBnJi-fOTCSI (u4i vlaj-utC")l . YllUBnJiiiclt YJIHBJuiiiTecb
lmperatives based on the stem lW-j drink have an inserted vowel: nei! Bbmei!
2. Imperatives in -b and The position of stress in the first person singular prescnt-future
-N.
plays a key role in determining whether the imperative wil be in -H or -b.
a. If the first person singular ending is slressed, a stressed -H is added to the third plural stem.
THIltD PERSON FIRST PERSON IMPERATIVE

PLUllAL SINGuu.R
nfb6-SIT mo6mo m06li m06liTe

noiill-Y'r noii.A)i noii,nli nOiillNTe
cnp6c-S1T cnpowy cnpOCN cnpocHTe
nHw-yr nHIlIY DUIliN IlHIlIHTe
b. If the first person singular ending is unstressed, the impera~ve is spelled with - .., which is
a sign that the preceding consonant is pronounced soft (if possible).
THIRD PERSON FDtST PERSON IMPERATIVE

PLURAL SINGULAR
ltOCTaH-yf ltOCTl'I.IIY l10cnlUb .nOCTat/bYe

3a6Y.n-yr 3a6YllY 3a6yltb 3a6Y.nbTe
OCT3B-ltT 0=1.",,,, OentSb OcntsloTe
ScrpC:T-)IT scrpe'ly o="e-rb BCTpeTbTe
Hape)l(-yr Hap6Ky HapC)l(1o Hap6KbTe
LESSON 13 291
However, if the stem ends in a cluster of consonants, an unstressed -. is added: 86MB-lIT,
oOMHIO; the imperative is uOMHB, An unstressed -" may also occur in imperatives from perfective
verbs which have the stressed prefix BY-: aWrollOpIIT, aWroaoPIO; the imperative is BWroaopil (like
rollOpM except for the stress).
NOle on aspect: Although imperatives from both aspects may be used in affirmative commands,
oaly imperfective imperatives are ordinarily used in negative commands.
CnpocH ero! Ask him! He cnpalllHe&H ero! Don't ask him!

KynH :iTnac! Buy the atlas! He nOICynU hnaca! Don't buy an atlas!
HanmnH MOe! Write to me! He nHlllH MHe! Don'l write to me!
OTKpOH"re OICHO! Open the window! He onpblsaihe OKHa! Don't open the window!
Read verses I CnpOCH er6!

l.( HTaH CTHxH! QcTasb KmO'l!
LfKTaiiTe CTNXH! nOJJ:O)l(JI,H Memi!
n6i{ rp6M'Ie! ~OCTaHb Kapry!
noiiTe I']t6wre! HanHlllH nHCbMo!
KYOH hnac! Y3Hall 06 :hOM!
liy,ll;b JJ:6Ma!
I. /'/1 do it. 2. /'11 open the door.

Do it! Open the door!
A ClienafO .no. A OTXp6fO .!tBipb.
ClI.enai no! OTxpOii ,rmepb!
Jt CTOK> ua ymY. .sf OblO '1au.
CrOii U3 yrnj! neM luiii!
Jt y:mafO 06 :hOM. .sf Bcer.na nOKyoafO B :hOM Mar8.3Hlle.
Jt Hrp<\fO B reHHHC. .st .nenaJO yp6KH.
Jt oo,nyMafO 06 :nOM, .sf TaHuYJO,
.sf 'iHT:llo CTHxH. .st ItrpaJO B XOKKeH.
3, I'll bring the tea.

'Bring the lea!
.st DpHHecj 'laM.
n ptDIeaI ..aii!
Jt cnpoUIj ~poJeccopa Opn6ea.
Cnpoai npo+ecooPa OpllOB8!
.st KynmO 3Tnac.
Jt nOCMOTpK> B 01m6
.st nOll0:a:..nY Ha yrny.
.st HallHlDj CO<fHHeHHe.
Jt BOJbMj 3Ty nniry.
.sf nOJOOm<> B vrY6.
.st noH.llj Ha n6uy.
292 LESSON 13
RESPONSE DRILLS
1. I'm drinking tea. 2. Why don't you lislen?

You drink too! Listen!
Jt "btO '1a". nO'leMj DbI: He c.rrYwaen:'1
11 n:. 08i! r~ .. - ,
......~ ...8JlTe.
Jt onpOlO OICHO. nO'leMj TbI He 'IHrlelUb'1
11 n:. OTKpC.lii! tUrri.!
Jt nrT3.1O CTHXH. nO'teMj Rbi He JaXOJ1ltTe'1
Jt 1l0~aJO 06 3TOM. nO'leMj TbI He mhuelUb'1
Jt He J\YMatO 06 30aMeHe. nO'leMj Obi He cnpAWHBaeTe'1
Jt He nOKyniuo TaXHx BeLUe". nO'IeMy TbI He m.eWb'1
Jt CTOtO B O'lepe.nH. nO'leMj Dbi He rORoplhe'1
Jl CDp3.wKBaJO, KorA! He JHaro. nO'leMj TbI ue lUlelDh'1
TlO'teMy Rbi ue ~aeTe '1
nO'leMj TId He noelUb'1
nO'leMj BbI He Doere?
3. You walk so much. 4. Are you dnncing again?
Don't walk so much! Don't do any more dnncillg!
Tbi Tal' MHoro XOAHWb. Tw omiTb TaHItyellll> ?
He xorot riK MH6ro! He TaHllYi 6Om.we!
Ow TAl: MIIoro xo.wrre. BbI orniTb nHQjeTe'1
He xoroi'n riK MHCko! He TlUl1.lYiTe 6OJu.me!
Tw n\K MHOro mhueWb. TbI oruiTb n..eWb'1
Obi nil, MHOro mhueTe. Ow orum. m.CTe'1
Tw rl.x MIIoro rOBopHwb. Tw orum. cnpAnnmaemb?
Bbi rl.x MHoro rOBopiiTe. Dw orum. CDpanmsaeTe'1
Tbi orniTb nDeWb?
Obi omiTE. noCTe'1
I. Are you going to leave the dictionary at home? 2. Are you going to open the window?
Leave the dictionary at home! Open the window!
Thl ocn'lBHwb CJIOBapb .a;6Ma '! Ohl oTKp6ere altHO '1
Ocrbb CJlOaapb .aoMa! OncpOiiTe OImO!
Tw Hap6Kewb orypubl'! Tbi KymUlIb nmlTbe'1
Ha~ orypttbf! Kymi MiThe!
TbI .nOCTaHelIIb a.TJlac'! Tw noitnernb ':S Mara:um?
Tbi ~nntlh MeHJi: Ha ymy? Bw HanHmHTe nHCbMo?
Thi Ja6YAeIDb ee? Tbi n0nYMaewb 06 :hOM'1
Tbi 6Y.n:eUIh roTOB? Bw npHHedTe bJlac?
Tbi no.n:o:x.:.aeun. 6pATa"
Bbi noA.n:eTe Ha IOunepT?
"._ ....':. _. I
3. Are you going to meet us on the comer? " ...... TBOe IIMJI.
Meel tIS on the corner! Ow .llocT8.Hen: VUOouI?
Bbi BC'TpCnrre HaC Ha yrJlY? TbI nOCMOTplllilb iTOT <pH:.m.M"
8cTpen.Te Hic a8 yrJJji ! Obi l:yrnlTe MOJlOKO'1
Tbi CKa:lKeWb TRoe HMJI'1 Obi Ja6Y.neTe 06 nOM?
LESSON 13 293
QUESTlONANSWER DRILL
May / bring the lea? M6:lKHO no,ao)f(.l(aTb sac?

Fine, bring it! M6:lKHO HapClan. orypubl?
MOJKHO npHHecTH '1aH? M6:lKIIO DOAYMan. HeMHoro?
Xop0w6. IJPHHeaiTe! M6:lKHO DOCMOTJ*rb :hOT lIlnbM?
MO:lKHO HartHc3n. 06 :)TOM?
XO~.H~e!
I. Open the window! 2. Buy a dictionary!

Don'l open lhe window! Don'l buy a diclionary!
Orkp6ihe OIm6! Kynll: CJTOBapb!
He oTKpws8iiTe oKHa! He ooKyniii cnoBapli!
Kymhe'laM! OOCMOTPH KHHry!
B
He nOKymiiiTe "till! He CMcrrpH B KIlIiry! .
OOCMOTPH:re B OKHO! Ham-fUll! CO'lHHeHlfe!
C,aena"Te ;ho! OTKp6" ,aacph!
CnpocHTe 06 :hOM! Cnpocl! era!
OOAyMaihe 06 3TOM! 110AjMait 03HMC!
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We're playing cards. 2. We're reading Tolstoy.

You play, too! You read Tolstoy, too!
M.hz urpaeM B dpTbl. Mba: 'UttieM TonCTOro.
H aW .....,iiiTe! BW To.e 'llltiiTe T OJICTOro !
MbI: He .uYMaeM 06 :hOM. Mba: nOkynAeM B 3TOM Mara:ufue.
J.1 a... He njMaiTe! BW TO.e IIOK)'IliiTe IS 3ToM MaraJHue!
Mbi '1HT3.eM poMaubi. Mba: mt.UleM CO'fHHeHHe.
Mba: 6y,aeM T3.M. Mbi OoeM.
Mba: TaHuyeM K3.:lKJ).b.l" Be'lep. Mbi,a,jMaeM 06 nOM.
MbI He nheM. Mba: 6j,a,eM TAM.
Mba: He "oeM. Mbi 3a6Y.aeM 063TOM.
SUMMARY OF RULES FOR FORMING THE BASIC"":' IMPERATIVE
1. If the present-future stem ends in the sound UJ, or (in spelling tenus) if the endings of the
presentfuture are immediately preceded by a vowcl letler or b, the imperative is spelled with ii;
lIohcynaii! (stem [p:lkupaj-]. first person singular DOKymito). Note that the stress occasionally shifts
back to the stem (compare CT6ii! CToiiTe! with CTOW). Verbs like mfn.., with h directly before their
present-future endings, have an inserted vowel in their stem; nei, Bhmeti (stem [gj-I, first person
singular OhiO).
2. If the presentfuture stem ends in any otber consonant (but not a cluster), and if the stem
is stressed in the first person singular, the imperative is spelled with -h, as in u6y.flh! (first person
singular :sa6YAY). The -b must be written, even though the consonant is one that cannot be soft,
as in nape-ACh!
3. If the presentfuture stem ends in a consonant cluster, even though the stress is on the stem
in the first person singular present-future, the ending -It is added for the imperative, as in n6Mm1!
(first person singular nOMHlo).
294 LESSON 13
4. If the present-future stem ends in a consonant and the first person singular ending is stressed,
the imperative ending is -H, as in rOBOpH! (first person singular rOBopiO) and w! (first person
singular HlIY).
5. Perfective verbs with tbe stressed prefix aW- form tbeir imperative in the same way as the
imperative of tbe vcrb thcy derive from, for example, BWueii! (compare ueti!), BbaTOBOpR! (compare
rOBOpli I). Bblpe;llCb! (compare pe:l>! cut! Hape:tl.! slicel).
The declension of adjectives: nominative, accusative, genitive,

and prepositional cases
MOOELS
jf KynH:n: H08blH l(ocnQM. I bought a new suit.

___ HOBOe pA,ruto. ___ a new radio.
___ H(8)'1O nnacniHKy. ___ a new record.
___ Hoeble nnaCTliHKH. ___ some neW records.
Jt
HWY XOp6WHH nopT(j:lenb. I'm looking for a good briefcase.
__ xop6wee p3.a.HO. ______ a good radio.
__ xop6w)'IO xOMHaT)'. ______ a good room.
___ xop6wHe nnacniHXH. ______ some good records.
Rbi 3H3CTe 3Toro MOJlO,llOro 'lCJIoun? Do you know this young man?
_ _ _ _ 311' MOJlO.o;yro .a.CBywXy? _ _ _ _ _ this young lady?
_ _ _ _ 3THX MOJlO..a.WX JlIO.a.eH? _ _ _ _ _ these young people?
Rbi moGHTe )].OCToeBCI:Oro? Are you fond of Dostoevsky?
_ _ _ _ TonCl"6ro? _ _ _ _ _ _ Tolstoy?
_ _ _ _ pyccxHe poMiHY? _ _ _ _ _ _ Russian novels?
_____ TaxHe CTHxH? _ _ _ _ _ _ such verses?
_ _ _ _ cri.pble poM3HCbl? _ _ _ _ _ _ old love songs?
Jt ue JIIOGJlIO )].OCT<>i:ecKoro. I don't like Dostoevsky.
_____ TOJiCToro. ____ Tolstoy.
_____ PYCCkHX poM3Hoe. ____ Russian novels.
_____ TaKHX CTHx6e. ____ such verses.
_____ CTilpblX poM9.ncoe. ____ old love songs.
Xonhe '{awKy 8KycHoro K04>e? Want a cup of delicious coffee?

______ xop6wero __ 1 _ _ _ _ _ gooo ?
______ ropR'{ero _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ hot ?
Y HI.fx HeT xop6wero KJlyGa. They don't have a good club.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06We::KTH}I. _ _ _ _ _--'- dormitory.
_ _ _ _ xop6weA 6H6J1HOTeXH. _ _ _ _ _ _ a good library.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Jla60paT6pHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Iaboratory.
_ _ _ _ XOp6WHX Tea:rpo8. _ _ _ _ _ _ any good theaters.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ napxo8. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ parks.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pecTopAHoe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ restaurants.
Mbi r080pKnH 06 nOM HoeoM JAMHH. We were talking about that new building.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6oJlbwOM_. ________ b;g _
_ _ _ _ _ 06 3TOM R080M 06we::HTJiH. _ _ _ _ _ _ about that new dormitory.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbwoM _ _ I"'ge _
L.fSSON 13 295
Mhi roBoplum 06 :hOH HOHOH rocnflrnLl,e. We were talking about that new hotel.
________ 6onbWOH _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ large __
______ 06 3THX HaBbix Mara3Huax. _ _ _ _ _ _ about these new storts.
________ 6onbwHx' _ _ ~_ _ Iarge _
Mhi rOBOpHM 0 nocne.nueM u6Mepe npas.ltbl. We're speaking of the last issue of Pravda.
___________ 31O:lMeHe. __________ exam.
~ c06p3HHH- _________ meeting.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ypOKe. _________ Iesson.
Mbl rOBopHM 0 ero nocne,nHeH KHHre. We're talking about his latest book.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pa66Te. ___________ work.
______ 0 nOCJIeJIHI1X HOBOCTlix. _ _ _ _ _ about the latest news.
___________ HJBeCHHlX. _____________ news reports.
SINGULAR
PLlIlW.
inanimate animate inanimate animate

Mono,n6H Mono,naro Mono,n6e MOJlO.llYJO MonoJJ.bie MOJlO.lIblx
CTapbfH criporo CTapoc crap>"" cripble CTapblx
CHIIHH cHHero cHHce CHHIOIO cHHHe CHHI1X
ACC
.llpyr6" ,npyr6ro .n:pyr6e .n:PyrYJO ,npyrue .n:pyntx
PYCCKH" pyccKoro pyCCKOC PYCCKyJO pyccKHe PYCCKHX
6onbwo" 6onbworo 6oJlbw6e 60JlbWyJO 60nbUlHe 60nbUlHx
XOpOUlH" xop6wero xop6wee xop6wyJO xOpOwlle xop6umx
Mono,n6ro
criporo MOJtOllOH MOJlOJJ.biX
cKHero
llPyroro cripo" rnpblx
GEN
pyccKoro
-
6onbworo cHHeH CHHHX
xop6wero
.n:pyro" JJ.pyrHx
o MOJlOJJ.OM
o cn'ipoM PYCCKOH pyCCKHX
o cHHcM
PREP o JIpyr6M 6onbUloij 60nbWHx
o PYccKOM
o 6onbw6M xop6weH XOp6WHlt
o xop6weM
GENERAL OeSER V .... nONS
I. The endings of adjectives modifying masculine and neuter nouns are distinct from each other
only in the nominative and accusative singular; in all the otber cases, they sbare tbe same endings.
2. Only adjectives modifying feminine nouns have endings in the accusative singular which are
always distinct from those used in the nominative singular: -ytO and -1010 (1I0Byto, JIPyryto, 6o.1lblUYJo.
nOCJTeAHIOIO, BepxlUOlO).
296 LESSON 13
3. Adjectives modifying neuter and inanimate masculine nouns have the same endings in the
accusative singular as in the nominative singular. Those adjectives modifying animate masculine
nouDS in the accusative singuJar have the same endings as in tbe genitive singular. Note that r in
the endings -oro and -ern is pronounced [v].
4. In the plural, adjectives modifying inanimate nouns use nominative plural endings; those
modifying animate nouns use genitive plural endings.
RESPONSE DRILLS
1. This room is a small one. 2. You didn't happen to see the new record?
I asked for (l large one. I'm looking for the new record.
3TOT H6Mep ManeHbKHD. Obi He BUneJlH H6aOH lVIaCTUHICJi?
A opoelin 6oJILlUoii. g HIllY UOBytO nnacnflllcy.
3TH HO"'H ManeHbKHc. Db!: He BH.nenJt rony66ro RJlllTbR?
" npoain 6om.unie. g HJJ.Q'roJl}'6Oe onane.
~ &70p66xa ManeHhx:u!. (CHHero kOC'nOMa. PYCCI[OH ra3CTbI, aMe
3TOT aTnac ManeobKHH. PUXaHCK:oro :lIl:ypHana, Xem-OH Te'TpArot,
3Ta n6IJ.:a ManeHbJ:aJI. CTaporo noplltM:mf)
3TOT ul.lc:al ManeHbKHH.
~ n6nxa ManCHbkaJI.
3Ta kapTa ManeHbKax.
EXPANSION DRILL CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Do you know that girl? (green) What color is this book?

Do you know that lovely girl? Green.
Db!: 3HaeTe 3Ty ,D,eaywxy? (3eneHblH) Kax6ro uatra :ITa KHHra?
BY :mien :iTy KpacJiBytO ,D,esywKy? 3eJtbtoro.
Db!: 3uaen: noro DapHJI? (6em..J:ii) KuMo u.ae-ra3Ta kHHra ?
By wen troro Kp8cHBoro rniptUI? Iienoro.
(ny necHlO, 3Ty :lKeHlLVtHy, noro CT)'- (kpaCm.Uf, xe.nn..ii. cHll.Hii. rony60K,
.neHTa, 3TO MCCTO. 3TY aMepHxaHKy, ny '1epHNif)
MeJIO,QHfD, 3TOT ropo.n)
I. Where's the American singer? 2. Are the new students here?

The American singer isn't here yet. I don't see the new students.
Cne aMepHX3HCKHH DeBen? H6Bble CTy,D,eUTbi 3.necb?
AMepNriucKoro oeBna aue lib. Jt ue BrDKy uOBWX cry.r.etrroB.
rae aMCPHk3HCI[:u! DeBKU,a? nO,D,ep)f(aHllble aeLUJt 3.a.ecb?
AMepRmCKOiii DeBKnw Cllle Ilk. 11 He BUy uo.nep:8JlHbIX semeii.
r,Qe H6BblH )"I1ITe.m.? Be'lepHHe ra.Jen.i 3,Q0Cb ?
r,D,e H6aaJI )"flfreJIbHHua? MonoJ:Ibl:e mO,D,H 3,D,ecb?
r.ne CTApblH wc:xIX=p? )KenTble 'iamkH 3neCb?
r,Qe ae'ieplUlJl. ra3eTa? H61lhle :lKypHa..n.bl 3,D,CCb?
CO,e nocne.QmlH n6Mcp :lKypHa..na? CTapLIC rrnacruHKH 3,ll,Cch?
60nbWUC CTllK{U1.bl 3.l1ech?
USSON 13 297
There was a lovely picture there. TaM 6b'm0 npocT6e 1IJ13Tbe.

There were many lovely pictures there. TAM 6buJ '{epHhlii KocnOM.
TaM 6hU1a KpaCHBaJI Kapnina. TaM 6bu10 8000e 06meJICHTlle.
TiM fiWio MIIOrO KpacUwx KapnUt. TaM 6bu10 HIITepeenoe 06"bJlBJIeHHe.
TaM 6w HOBblH nOM. TaM 6bu1a HOB<UI peKJIAMa.
TaM 6Woo MDOrO aOBWX IIOMOs.
TaM 6w ue60IIbrnoH rndl.
RESPONSE DRI LLS
I. You're a good student. 2. These things are expensive.

For a good student it isn't difficult. Don't buy expensive things.
8bl xOpOrnHH C1)'1l,enT. 3TIl oemlt 1l0porHe.
,lJ,.rui xOpOmcro crYll.ellTa iTO He rpYllHO. He 1l00':YlIaii Jloponix BeIUeii.
8w ltopOrnHe CTY,lJ,eU'n>l. 3TOT nopT~nb DJlOX6H.
,lJ,Jlli XOpOUIHX Cl'Y,lJ,CHTOB iTo lie TPYJJ;HO. He lIoKynaii DJIox6ro nopT~JUIL.
Obi xOpOrnaSl CTy.L{eHTK3. 3T11 IIJlaCnfttKH CTapble.
Dbr xOpOrnHH npoooJJ.lIllK. 3TO p8.1l,HO 1l,opor6e.
8w ltopOrnH" a).1.MIUIHCTp<lTOp. 3_TOT MaTepHan "'CCTK"ii.
8bi ltopOrn<UI )"fHTenbHHua. 3TOT poMaH CKy'llIbU1.
Db!: ltopOrnHH )"fHTe.1Tb.
8hz ltopOu.lHe }"lJITC1Ili.
I. Did he ask about old magazines? 2. Are you talking about the small lecture hall?
No, about new ones. No, about the large one.
6H cnp:UuKBaJ] 0 CTaPblX JlCYPH3JlilX 1 Db! rOBopm 0 M3JleUbl:OH aYAHTOpHH?
HeT, 0 HOBbIX. Hh, o6oJn,wOi.
611 cnparnHBaII 0 crlpoH lUIaCTHHJCe 1 8b1: rOBopihe 0 ManenbKOH 6"6J1Hon:Ke 1
HeT, 0 BOBOH. Hh, 0 6oJI1.w6i.
(0 crapoM poMaHce, 0 CTaphlX necHj/X, (0 ManeHbKOM wKa<!>e, 0 ManeHbl(OM
o crapo" pa60Te, 0 CTapoM CO'{HHeIIHH, 06mC)l(HTHH, 0 ManeHbKOH na60paTOp"H,
o CTapoM 3aJ1Sne1lHH, 0 CTaphlX TaflU3x) o ManenbKOM llOMe, 0 MaJleHbKOH
oWll6xe, 0 ManeHbKQM JaJlC, 0 Manellb-
KOM Mara3HHe)
RE,SPONSE DRILLS
I. Here's the recreation room. 2. Have you seen the new building?
They're waiting for us in the recreation room. Everyone's been talking about the new
BOT KpaCHhIH.yronOK. building.
0 .... uac ~ B Kp8CHOM yrOJl..e. 8hz BH,neJUl HOSoe 3.uallHe 1
BOT JlCecncHH sarOH. Bee roaopn 0 aOBOM 3.Q8HMM.
Qu. HaC "IJIir B ..recncOM IUlrOue. 8hz BH,QenH aMepHXaucKHx C1)'1l,euToB?
(HOBoe 06mexHTHe, crap3JI ay,llHTOplUl, Bee roBOpn 06 aMepHK8HCIIOIX cry ttCtn'ax.
bom.woH TeaTp, aMepHnHcKoe nocoJlb (HOB)'lO rOCTJtH"uY, Be'lepHIOIO ra.JeTy,
CTOO, HOB3JI oapTllpa) nocne.uIUtH HOMep 113oecntH, HOBOe
061>J1BneHlte, Hooae noconbCTBO, HOBoro
aJl.MHHHCTp3TOpa, aMepHKancKIlH IIUlhM)
298 LESSON 13
LONG-FORM ADJECTIVE ENDINGS IN NOMINATIVE, ACCUSATIVE,
GENITIVE, AND PREPOSITIONAL CASES
SINGULAR
PLURAL
. Masculine Neuter Feminine
NOM -OM, -bfil, -Hil -oe, -ee -<Ul, -xx -ble. -He
(inanimate - nom) (inanimate - nom)

ACC -YIO, -fOfO
(animate - gen) (animate - gen)
GEN -oro, -era

-oil,-eH -bfX. -HX
PREP -OM, -eM
Note: The letter r in the endings -oro and -era is pronounced [v).
REMARKS ON mE DISTRIBUTION OF ENDINGS IN ~ GENmVE AND pREPQSmQNAL CASES
I. Masculine and neuter endings in the genitiye and prepositional singular.

a. Hard-stem adjectives and mixed stems ending in __, r, and x lake -oro in the genitive and -OM
in the prepositionaL nOBoro, 1I0BOM; JQJyroro, J.l.pyroM.
b. Soft-stem adjectives take -el'O in the genitive and -eM in the prepositional: DOeJll~.lI;Hero, lIOCJICJ.I.IleM.
c. Mixed siems ending in III and * lake --Oro in the genitive and --OM in the prepositional if the ending
is stressed; if il is unstressed they take -ern and ~. Compare OOJIblUOrO. 6om.llIoM with
xop6mero, xop6weM.
2. Feminine endings in the genitive-prepositional singular (genitive identical with prepositionaf).
a. Hard stems and mixed siems ending in .., r, and x take -oii: HOBOii, ,lQ)yrOii.
b. Soft siems take -eN: ~JJ.tIeii.
c. Mixed stems ending in III and lit lake --oii if the ending is stressed; if it is unstressed they take ~ii.
Compare 6oJJbwoii with xop6weii.
3. Plural endings in the genitiYe-preposilional (genitiYe identical with prepo.fitional).
a. Hard stems take the ending -blX in the genitive-prepositional: 1I0BblX, MOJIOttLiX.
b. Soft stems and all mixed stems take the ending -HX in the genitive-prepositional: nOCJJe)lHHX,
JJ.Pyrilx, 6om.wKx.
The declension of 'leu and the possessive modifiers: nominative,

accusative, genitive, and prepositional cases
MODELS
4eii poMall 8bl '1HTaeTe? Whose novel are you reading?

4be CO'lllHeHHe Bbl .nnaere? Whose composition are you reading?
4blO KHl1ry UbI 'lHTaere? Whose book are you reading?
41011 CTI1XH 6bl '1IITaere? Whose verses are you reading?
LESSON 13 299
Rw 3l1ae-re Mocro 6p<ha? Do you know my brother?
_____ uawero ?_ _ _ _ _ _ our '!
Rbi: 3H3.e-re MOIO ceCTpy? Do you know my sisler?
_ _ _ _ uawy _ _ ' _____ 0"' __'
Rbi 311aeTe MOHX eecrep? Do you know my sisters?
_ _ _ _ HaWItX _ _ ' _____ 0"' __'
011 OCTaaHJI CBOH CJI0Bapb Jt6Ma. He left his dictionary home.
_ _ _ _ _ CROIO KinIry _ __ his book _
_ _ _ _ _ CBOC CO'lltHeHI1C _ _ __ his composition _
_ _ _ _ _ CBOH nHCbMa _ _ __ his letters _
MbI B'lepa 6bUUf y TBoero 6pfrra. We were at your brother's place yesterday.
_ _ _ _ _ _ y oawero _ _ __ at your brother's place _
_ _ _ _ _ _ y TBoeH cec:rpbi. ____ at your sister's place _
_ _ _ _ _ _ Y BaWeH _ ___ at your sister's place _
_ _ _ _ _ _ y TBOH-X Jtpy.reH. _ at yOUf ffiend~' place _
_ _ _ _ _ _ Y aawux _ ____ at yOUf friends' place _
RbI eme He BH,o,eJIH uawero r6po.a.a. You still haven't seen OUf city.
________ Halliero 06me-ACH-TUJI. _________ OUf dormitofy.
________ HallieH KBapTHpbl. _________ OUf apartment.
________ lIliWHX KaPTHII. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our pictures.
Mbi rOBOpHmt 0 TBoeM JtoMe. We were talk.ing about your house.

______ BaWeM _ _ yOUf _
_______ TBoeM 33.J1BJlI:'tHH. ________ your application.
______ BallJeM _ _ yOUf .
_ _ _ _ _ _ TBoeil np6cb6e. _________ your request.
_ _ _ _ _ _ BaweH _ _ your _
_______ TBOHX KHHrcl.X. ________ your books.
_ _ _ _ _ _ BawHx _ _ YOUf _
REPETITION DRill
Repeat the above models, observing tbe pattern of endings.
RESPONSE DRILLS
1. Here comes my brother. 2. Here's your briefcase.

Do you know my brother? Youforgol your briefcase again.
BOT lU{eT MOH 6pAT. BOT Balli nopnt,eJlb.
Bw lHaeTe Moen> 6piTa? Bw: omin. u6Wm ca6ii DOpT~.
BM H,ll,er MOJi cecTp3. BOT oawa 1I:HH:ra.
OW lHaeTe MOJO CetTpy? BLi ouin. Ja6LvDr cao.o KHIiry.
(MOIl 6paTbM, MOil cCcTpbl, MO" JtPyr, (Bawe 33JlBJlCUHe, Baw" BClltU, Barna
MOR nOJtPyra) ra3eTa, Baw ::acypHaJI. Baw" OJIaCTHHkH.
Barna KBHTaIfUUJI, Barn 6HJleT)
3. Take my notebook.
No, lhanks, I'll take my own. HeT, cuacH60. H B03LMY ceoe.
BOJbMH MOIO TeTpA.zu,. (MOH npaH,JJ;aw. MOJO P}"lKY. MOH CJIQ-
HeT, cnacii60. Jt BOJbMy caolO. Bapb, Moe nepa, MO" Terp3.AH, MOIO
BoJbMH Moe p3..nHO. ..-:apT)', MOlt 6HJleThl)
300 I.fSSON I3
I. Whose mistake was she talking about? 2. Are you reading your own application?
About mine. No, yours.
o '{t.eH oWH6ke Olla rOBOpKna? Bbi 'imeTe caoe JaJlBJletute?
o Moeii. HeT, Biwe.
o '{bC:M nnCbMe aHa rOBOpw.a? Rbi 'lHT3.eTt CRee CO'illlleHHe?
o MoeM. HeT, lUilue.
(0 '{bID: CTIfxax, 0 lfbeM o'{epKC, 0 'lbcli (CRee nHCLoMO, CROll CTIIXH, CROlO pa60ry,
kapTIIHe, 0 '{beM CO'{HliellHH, 0 l.JbHX CBOH O'lepK, CBOW KflHl'y)
Remax, 0 'lbnx )l(ypllaIlax, 0 '{bC:M 6JtJJcre,
o '1beli npocb6e)
EXPANSION DRILL
You haven't seen the cilY yet. Bbi eWe He BH.neJIH UapTHpbt.
You haven't seen our city yet. Rbi eutc He BH.aeJl?l HaWeii KBapnlpLI.
BbI eme He RH.aem.f r6po.D:a. (.a.6Ma, 06we)f(IITIUl, Kapnrn, KOMlIaTbl,
Rw eme He BH.D:eJlH Hamen) ropana. ROKJana, yllilBepclITeT3, WKOllbl)
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Your brother was at my place yesterday. I was reading your novel.

I was at your brother's yeslerday I was talking about your novel.
TooK 6paT Bl.Jepa 6b1n y MeBJi. $( tmTM BAw poMbo
st B'Iepa 6wJl y TBoero 6p8.Ta. st roBOplin 0 BJiwCM pame.
TBOH .a.PYJbR B'Iepa 6b1nH y MeHR:. $( '1ltT3Jl RaWII CTHXfl.
B: B"Iepa 6blJl y TBOH" .D:PYJeH. Jl rOBOpHJl 0 BlituHx CTHx8.X.
(TBOII cccrpbl, TOOK .a.pyr, TBOSI nOLl,pyra, (Bawy pa60Ty, Barne COlllHelllle, Baw
TBon 6paTbSl) O'lepK, Bamy KHHry, Bame JaJlBneHHe,
RawH pa60Thl)
SINGUl.AJt.
PLURAL
'1eli "!be 'IbR 'IbH

NOM M6H, 1"86", CROit MOe, TRaC, ceee MOR, TBOJi, CBoli MOH, TBOIf, cROIf
HaW, BaW name, Rarne mlllia, BaWa Hallill, BaW"
'IbtO
ACC (like nom or gen) (like nom) MOJO, TBo.tO, CBOtO (like nom or gen)
Hamy, aAwy
'Iber6
GEN Mocro, TBoer6, cBoero
HaWerO, Bawero 'IbeU 'Ib"X
Moeif, TBoCil, CROe" MO"X, TBOHX, CBOHX
(0) '1bC:M HaWen, aaweu HalllID:, Balll"X
PREP (0) MoeM, TBoeM, CBoeM
(0) H3rnCM, aameM
LESSON 13 JOI
DISCUSSION
Possessive adjectives all belong to the soft declension, with endings in the oblique cases (geni-
tive. prepositional, dative, and instrumental) like those of the soft-stem adjectives. Note thal,
except for Ham and aam, which have their stress consistently on the stem, the possessive modifiers
all have ending stress.
The reflexive possessive ca6ii, awe, CBO'i, CaoH one's own declines exactly like MON and nOH.
Rarely used in the nominative, it may substitute for Moii, TRoii, Ham, or Uw in those situations
where subject and possessor are the same.
Ii 83M .aa.n Moii (ceoii)

nopT~b. I gave you my briefcase.
Mw rooopuM 0 HaweM (caoeM) lIPYre. We're talking about our friend.
Bw MHe lIan" Bimy (C80tO) mHry. You gave me your book.
Bw Mile lIanH MOJO KllHry. You gave me my book.
It is only when the subject is in the third person that CRoii plays a distinctive role. It differs in
meaning from ero, eti, and MX, the unchanging third person possessives.
Compare OR 3a6bln CRoii nopTq,enb. He forgot his (own) briefcase.
WiLh 011 3a6hlJI ero nopnl>enb. He forgot his (someone' else's) briefcase.
Compare 3HHa 'lIlTana como KHHry. Zina was reading her (own) book.
wilh 3Hlla 'umina ee KHl1ry. Zina was reading her (someone else's) book.
Compare Oml rooopHnIl 0 CBoHx .ll.ppbAA. They were talking about their (own) friends.
with OllH rOHOpllnll 06 Hx .ll.PY3bllx. They were talking about their (other's) friends.
Possessive modifiers are often omitted when it is clear from the context that the possessor and
the subject are the same: A 6ban y 6pan (or y MoerO 6pin) I was at my brother's place.
Review of second conjugation verbs
1103BOHHn. CTOlin, c.llhlluaTb "J'OC'ITb ..ymin

PRESENT-FUTURE ENDINGS (pry) (ipfv) (ipry) (ipfv) (pry)
to phone to sland LO hear to ask 10 buy
SG I -10 or -y n03801ll0 CTOlo cm':lluy npowy K}'TUIIO

2 -~b n03HOHH:u:rb CTOHWb CJIblllJHlllb np6cHwb KynHllJb
3 -MY 1l03HOHHT CTOHT CJlblllJllT np6cIlT KymfT
PC I -MM n03HoHHM CTOI'iM CJlblWIlM npOcHM KynllM
2 -MTe n03BoniITe CTOI-lTe CJIblWHTC 'npOcHTe KjlDfTe
3 -lilT or -aT n0380luiT CTOliT CJIbiWaT llpOcJlT KfrniT
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. You never go 10 the movies. 2. I hear rile bell.
Bw HHXor,na He XO.ltHTe B XHHO. A CJIwwy JDOHOK.
OHM HHlCorAA HC X6,1],J1T H KHtlO. On CJlbunHT 3BOHOk.
(Mltl. 'I, ona, Thl, ero .aPY3bJl, MOW (MbI, BbI, Tbl, Ollll, HaTawa. CTY.lleUTbl,
T08apllUl no kOMllaTe, Obl) MbI see)
302 LESSON 13
3. Site alwoys asks 'hat 'he windows be opened. 4. I'll phone home tomorrow.
Omi ocer/l3 np6cuT OTlepblOaTh Olena. 3uoTpa Ii n03001llO 1l0MO.
Ollli: ocer.na np6c$lT OTlCpbJOaTh olena. 3aOTpa MbI n0300llHM .I10MOii.
(H, Bbl, 3ulla, Mbl, TbI, )"fHTenb, (aHa, Bbl, OIlH, OJler, Mbl, $I)
eelCpeTapb, )"flhenbHHUbI)
5. Comrade Alexeev. often goes to Kiev. 6. I don't remember her name.
TOBapHlJJ AJleKteeB 'laCTO C:JlUIT 0 Klieo. sl He nOMKIO ee "MeIlH.
~'I1t npo80AHJOOi 'laCTO C3.lU1T 0 Klieo. Tbi He nOMHIUUb ee "MeHH.
(MbI, OUH, .If, Bbl, TbI, 3Ta :lKeHlltHHa) (OHU, BbI, CTy.neHTbI, MbI, $I)
7. Volodya talks a lot at meetings.
Bono.cur Muoro roOOpHT Ha co6pAHH.llX.
~ CT)'.rtetrrw MHoro rooop.1i:T Ha
C06p3.HHSIX.
(TbI, BbI, .If, Haw oaXTep, Mbt oee)
1. Irina war looking out lhe window. 2. We often used to stand in line.
Irina is looking out the window. We often stand in line.
HpHHa CMOTpCna 8 OICHO. Mhi 'laCTO CTOMH B O'lepe.rw.
"pHHa CMOTpHT B OuO. Mbi 'IaCTO crOli\t 8 o'lepe1Uf.
8bi CMO",enH 0 okub. A 'laCTO craM B 6'lcpe.nH.
8bi OU)Tptrre S 0"'"110. .sl: 'IaCTO crow B 6'lepe1Uf.
(CTy.nCHTbI, .If, MbI, Tbl, Kon.lf) (BbI, JlJ()!lH, MOSl cecrpa, TbI, MLI, .)
I. I'm flot asleep yet, how about youfellows? 2. She pays tlery little for her room, how about
We're not asleep, either. you?
.sl eute He cumb, a abl, pe6liTa? I also pay very little.
Mbi To*e He CIlIOf. OHa Malia nnaTHT 3a KOMllaTY. a Obi?
.$I ell.\e He cnnJO, a 31'01' napeHb? H:Ii MallO Ma'ly.
Oil TO*e lie ann. aHa Mana nml.THT 3a KOMHaTy,
A eute lie cnmo, a Tbl, KomI? a ee CCCTpa?
.sl eute lie cnmo, a O,,? ... OHa ManO nJiaTHT
.sl ClUe He cumo, a Tbl? (a ThJ; a :)Ta nCEiI1ua; a :lTIf 3aOt llUlll.hl;
.sl Cute lie CnJIIO, a Obi, 1'OOapHIl.\H? a 3TOT rocnOAHII; a :ITa aMepuxallKa;
.sl eute ue CllJ1lb, a 3TH mbAI1? a Bbl, pe6.Ta)
.sl elUe lie cnmo, a :iTOT rp:oKJJ,aHl{H?
A ewe lie cnmb, a HaWH nonjT'lHKH?
.s'f ewe lie cnJ1JO, a BbI, .ncaywxH?
3. When are you going to see that film? 4. Will you permit that?
We'll see it tomorrow. Of course we will.
Kor.na Obi IlOCMOTpHTe 3TOT 4JIiJlbM? 8w pa3peWliTe 3TO?
Mbi nOCMOTpMM en) 3aS"rpa. KOHl:'IHO, MW pa3pewHM.
Kor.na neael! l'IOCMOTpHT 31'01' 4JH:.rrbM? Pe6,)Ta pa3peWaT :iTO?
OH IlOCMOTpttT er6 3aBTpa. KOIle..HO, OHH pa3petUaT.
(TUOII no.npyru, neBHua, TbI, BonO/lH H (eeKpeTapb, HX 6paTbSl, 3Ta aMepHKaHKa,
ncTp, TOOH TooapHW no KOMllaTe, TbI, On. H ranjl, Bama )"f1rreJ1bllHua, Moil
eelCpeTapb, BbI, 3Ta /leBywlCa) 6paT, ero CCCTpa, Toaapllw U,apanKItH)
LfSSON 13 303
STRUCTURE JUPLACEMENT DRILL
She oughl to receive a leiter SOOIl. (6paTbH, aMcpHKallKa, TbI, Y'IllTCJIhllliLlbl,

She'll receive a leiter soon. SE, rplDKnaHHH CCMCHOB, lTiI aMCpmCaHI..lbI,
ami cK6po nOJDICHa nOJIY"Hrb nochMo. MbI, npo$eccop)
Oua cKapo nOJlYIIHT "HCIoMa.
Bbl CKOpO nOJDKHbl nOJIY."HTh nochMo.
BbI CKOPO nOJly"IJITe uHcloMa.
I. I met her al the stalion. 2. Do you hear me?

I'll meet her at the station. Dbi Mcmi CJIbIIllHTC?
A ee aCTpCTHJI Ha aOK3iuJe. Tw MeUM CJIb1I11HUlh?
H ce BCTpC'fY lIa BOK)Ue. Dbl MCHJI BCTpe1'H1'C?
npoaollHHK ee aCTpCTHJI Ha BOK3a.ne. TbI Meus Bc-rp(iTIUllh?
npoBOAHHK ce BcrpCnrr na BOIoaJle. Bbl MCHJI BH.QHTC?
(lllOif>ep, :JTa lKeHUUtHa, aMCpl1KallCKHC Bbl MCHII U3BHllHTe?
neBIJ;hI, Mhl, llPYJMI, 3TOT M)'iK'fHHa) Dbl MeHII yCJIblllHtTe?
Dbl MeHll: nOMI:U1TC?
Dhl MCHll: JHo6HTe?
Dw MCH~ n03HaK6MHTe?
I. I won't (be able 10J hear the custodian. 2. He'll pay for them.
The custodian won't [be able to] hear me. They'll pay for him.
Aile yCJlblUly aaXTCpa. 6H 3alIJJaTHT 3a IIHX.
BaxTep MeHli He YCJlblunrr. OUH 3aUJIlil"HT 3a nero.
A HC yCJlhrllly ceCTCp. 6H 3anJIaTHT 3a MCIlJi.
Cecrphl MetiS lie YCJIblW3T. H 3anJla<fj 38 nero.
(ceKpeTapSl, Tc6S1, aac, pc6S1T, neBlll(, (Te6.l1, 3HHy, pe6S1T, Hee, MefUl, Hac, aac,
nCBlJ;OB, cryllcnToK, $J.lJUlnna, nCBywCK) K03J10Ba, HlIX, HOIIYT'fHKOB, l1'oro 'ICJJO-
BeKa)
J. Will you study the Russian language? 2. Where will you put the records?
I'm already .~tudying Russian. 1'1/ put them on Ihe table.
Dbl 6yncTc y'fHTh pycCKJ.:lii }I)bIX? Kyna abl ItOJIO)KliTe nnaCTHHKlf?
H y*e ylly pyceK"" H3MK. H 1I0JlOiKY Hx 113 crOJl.
31'01' CTynellT 6yneT Y'fHTh pycclmH H3bIK? Kyna Y"ilTCJIh nOJIO)KHT DJJaCTHHKH?
'On y"m::e
y'fHl" pyCCKHH 93bm. Oil 1I0J1allalT Hx 118 crOJl.
(aMcpuKaHCK:uI nCBHua, Tbl, lTOT napenb, (aHa, c1'ynCnThI\ nCBCU:, IICBHu:a,
TaoSE nonpyra, aMcpHKaHCKII" ncaeu, y60pUlHLlbl, TW, MM, BbJ, .uCBYWKH)
aMcpHKa~CKHC nCBLlhl, :)Ta aMepHKaHKa,
3TH aMcpHxalmbl)
DISCUSSION
I. Comparison between the present-future endings offirst and second conjugation verbs.
Verbs of thc second conjugation have thc vowcls -H- and -9- (or -a-) in their present-future
cndings as compared with -0- (or -e-) and -10- (or -y-) for vcrbs of the first conjugation.
304 LESSON I3
FIRST OONJUGATION
:malO JlIliWJb JHaer JHaeM Jllaere Jm'uar (. ,nd 00)

IlltY H,UeWb H,UeT H,neM MeTe HlIYT (e and y)
SECOND CONJUG....TION
CTOIQ CTOMWb CTOIiT CToHM CToliTe CTon (M and R)

CJIblWy CJIblWMWb CJIblllIHT CJIblUIHM CJIbUUMTe CJIb1WaT (H and .)
2. A/Jernation of stems in the present-future of second conjugation verbs.
Alternation of the final stem consonant occurs only in the first person singular. There are
two types:
TYPf: I (Stems ending in C, 3, T, .lJ., CT) TYPE 2 (Stems ending in n, 6, B, ., M)
Compare cnpocHTb, cnp6cMT with cnpomy Compare JlJ06HTh, JU0611T with l1tOO.rnb
Compare BHJJ.eTh, BWT with IlH:y Compare octiBHTb, OCTUn with
. ocni.1lI0
Compare BCTpCTHTh, IlCl'pCTMT with BCTp4!:'Iy Compare maTh, mJIT with Q1JIIQ
Compare 3aXOllHTb, 33.X6,lV1T with 33.Xo..y Compare n03Hax6MHTh, n03Hax6MSlT
with n03Hax6fl,vllo
3. The present-fwure stem versus the inFmitive-past stem.
In second conjugation verbs the endings of the infinitive and past are consistently added to a
form of the stem which ends in a vowel. This vowel is automatically dropped before the endings of
the prescnt-future.
INFINITIVE-PAST PRESENT-FUTURE
CMOTpC~Tb CMOTp-IQ, -HWb, -SIT

-11, -11a, -11H
CJlbllua-n. cnblm-y, -H/llb, -aT
-11,-11a,-)1H
rOBopM-Th roBOp-IQ, -HWb, -liT
-11, -11a, 11H
4. Stress pallerns in the present-future.
The same three basic stress patterns that are found in first conjugation verbs are also found in
second conjugation verbs:
a. Stress consistently falls on the ending: rOBop.o, rOBopHwb, rOBopHT, roBOpHM, rOBOpHTe,
rOBopliT.
b. Stress consistently falls on the stem: 8C'T]X'Iy, BCTpCrHWb, BCTperHT, BCTpC:nrM, BCTptTHTe,
BCTI>eTJIT.
c. Stress falls on the ending in the first person singular, but shifts back to the stem in all other
forms: npowy, np6cHlUb, np6cHT, np6cHM, np6cHTc. np6cSlT.
LESSON 13 305
'lTEHI1E 11 nl1CbMO
AMepHKl1HCKHe nnaCniHxH O"!eHb TpYJI.HO JI.OCTaBaTb. rfuul Kyrnina HX Ha TOJ1~e.

CerO.ltWi ee nOJI.pYnt nOH..lJYr B KpaCHblH yrOJlOK, r.ne ecn. npOHrphlBaTeJ1b. ORU 6y.nyr
TclM CJlywaTb My3blKy TaHUeBaTb. raJHf npHHeCe-r CDOH ROBbie nnacniHKH.
306 LR'iSON 13
- 3HaeWb, Oller, }! BCTpeTHJI eerOJJ.HSl. KaTio.
- fJIe? B 6H6J1HOTeKe?
- Her, B KpacHoM yronKe.
- ItIHTepecHo, OHa HH'JerO He cnpauJH83JIa 060 MHe?
- HeT, omi, KaK Bcer.na., rOBOpH.n:a TonbKo 0 ce6e.
- rJpaBJJ.a, OHa nYM3eT H rOBopHT ocerJJ.a TonbKO 0 eeoc.
- OHa " :lKHOCT TonbKO llJIJi ce6Ji.
- Ka:lKeTCSl.. BaW" pe6siTa mo6siT Hawy 3MepHK3.HcKyfO My3blKy?

- ,[{a, J],:lK3.3 MbI O'leHb m06HM. TonbKo nJl3CTltHKH JJ.ociaTb TPY.lJ.HO.
- A Ji O'leHb mo6mo BaWH HapOJJ.Hble Me.nO.nHH H Y'KC K)'nHlI MHoro nnaCTuHoK.
- I1HTepecHo, KaKHe.
- XOTihe nocnywaTb?
- ,ll,a, KOHe'fHo.
- Xopowo, sf npHHeey "X ceroJJ.HS!: Be'lepOM. ECJut xOTHTe, R npHHeey H COOH
3MepHdHcKHe.
- 0, ,Il,a, nO",anyHCTa! Mbl "X C YJJ.OBOllbcTBHeM nocnyw3eM.
- 3JJ.ecb l:IJJ.eT BoHlla H MHp')' 3TO aMepudHcKHii qnlnbM.
- 3H<1IO, HO TbI BHllHllIb, fan}!, KaKaSl. o'lepeJJ.l. y dCCbl? Mhl Mo",eM nOHTH H3
llpyroH Q>HJlbM.
- Her, Ji xO'ly TonbKo H3 :hOT! .st TaK JlI06mo :hOT poMaH!
- Hy, xopowo, noHJJ.cM Ha 3TOT.
- BOT MO" TOBaplfW no KOMHaTe, fanS!:. XO'leWb, Ji Te6si n03H3KoMlIfO?

- 4TO TbI, Oner? .st
8eJJ.b ero xopowo 3HaJO, 3TO HHIConaii neTp6o. 311paeCTByH.
KOJlS!: !
- A, ranS!:, npHBer! 4TO TbI Tyr Y Hac .o.enaeWb?
-,ll,a BOT xO'ly nOCMOTpeTb BaW KpaCHblH yroJlOK. Oller rOBopHT, 'ITO y sac XOPOWHH
npOHrpblOaTeJlb H HOBble nllaCTHHKH.
- OTnH'IHO. CeH'IaC 6YlleM cJlywaTb My3blKy H TaHUeOaTb.
HHHa XO'feT 'fHTaTb IKypHaJl I\AMepHKa, HO OHiI He 3l1aeT, rne ero 1l0CTaTb. KorJJ:a
aHa CnpaWHBaeT 0 KHeCKe, CH Bcer.ua OTOe'laIOT. 'ITO OH pacnpO.uaH . .st
nOCT3W :hOT
)KypllaJl y 3HaKOMoro aMcpHKaHua rpaHTa, HO R He XO'fY eH rOBOpHTh 06 :hOM.
Y 3HHbl eCTb XOpeWH" npoHrpblBaTenb H Muoro IlJTaCTItHoK. OHa mo6HT HapO.l.tHble

neemf H cnipble pOMaHcbl. CerOllH}! K He" 33H.l.teT t1)HJlHnn. 611 npHueCCT aMepHKciHCKJ.ie
nJiaCTltHKH, H OHH 6YJJ.yT cllywan )];:lK,\3 If TaHlI,eS3Tb.
BOJIKOB KynHJI 6HJlCTbi 0 Tearp, HO raJiIi He Mo",eT nOHTu, OHa Be'lepoM pa60raeT.
801lK08 rOBopHT, 'ITO Tor1l3 OH TO:lKe He noHJJ.CT. 6H CnpaWHBaeT r3.nlO, He 3HaeT lIH OHa,
no XO'leT noHTH. OHa OTBe'fae-r, 'ITO ee no.o.pYnf XOTenH noiint, HO He JtOCT3.nH 6HJ1er08.
01131 JtyMaeT, 'ITO OIlH C yJtOBOJlbCTBHeM Kynn y BOJlKooa 3TH 6HJlerbl.
nerp laWen 8 Kny6 nocJlywan nCKlI,HJO 0 pyCCKHX HapOJlHblX necHu, HO npo<j>eccop

6wJI GoneH H. J1eKUHH He 6blJlO. Toma OH nowen 8 KOMHaTy, cae CTOHT npOHrpblBaTeJlb
H MO>KHO CJIywan DJlaCTHHKH. TaM OH ocrpeTltJl 3HHy, H OHU .llOJlro BMt':cTe CJIyWaJlH
CTapble pyccKHe poMaHcbl B xopoweM MCnOJlHCHMH.
LESSON J 3 307
LESSON 14
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION Ha T8Huax
YCTaTb (pfv I), yCTally, -elllb, -yr to be tired (or exhausted), to get tired
.sf yetina. I'm tired or I'm exhausted.
.
y",.
~,
ooh!ugh!
Yep. y"""" Ooh, I'm exhausted!
>KapKO (adj )l(apKHH) hoI
TaK )l(apKO! Irs so hot!
sr yCT'liJt.a! TiA .lipKa! Ooh, I'm exhausted! It's so hot!
OT.aOXHy-n, (pfv I), OTllOXHY, -elllb, -y-r to rest, have a rest
OT.aOXHCM! Let's rest! or We'll rest!
,nasaTb (I), .aalO, -emb, -101' to give, let
.nasan! -Te! (imper) give! let's!
.l{asaiiTe OT1l0XHCIU! Let's have a rest!
CB060JUlbIli free. unoccupied, vacant
BOil dIU cao6OllHbIe crjnbH. Over there are some empty chairs.
anpO'lCM then again, but then, however

A Bnpo'tcM, r.ae K3.TH H Bom'tll.H? But then again, where are Kalya and
Volodya?
K (or KO) (plus dat) toward, to

HM (or H1tM) (dat of oHa) to them, fot them
II: HliM to them, to see them, to their place
nOH.aCM K HHM! Let's go see them! or Let's go join them!
MO)KeT (full form Mo",eT 6bm.) maybe, perhaps
MO>KeT noiineM K mtM? Maybe we should join them?
npe.anorin. (pfv U), npe.ano,q, to suggest, projX)SC, offer

npe.anOJKHllIb, -aT
'ITO-TO something
A XOTen saM .....~TO npeJl,1JO~-Nn.. I wanted to suggest something to you.
!la. Jl CJTYWaJO. Yes, I'm listening.
J09
nepeifTit (pfv I), nepeHny, ---eWb, -YT to go over, go across
nepeitTit Ha nl to switch to "Tbl," start using the
familiar form of address
)l.asaiiTe nepeimeM 118 <(11;1), Let's switch to "Tbl."
MM Benl> YjKe xOpOmHe nppl.ll. We're already good friends after all.
cornaceH, corm1:cna, -<>. -bl agreed, agreeable

Xoporno, Ii co,mien8. Fine, I'm willing.
BOT II IlpeKpaCIIO! ThaI's wonderful.
HhIUJ.fTb (pfv I), BbITlhlO, OhlUbeWI>, to drink, have a drink

BblUbfOT
nau.o BblUIlTb it's necessary to drink, we have to drink
]a :ho lIa.ll.o BbInIlTh! We must drink to that!
XOTJI although
XOTJl 6hl even if only, at .Jeast
JlIlMona.n lemonade
3a 31'0 llaJl:O BMIlHTh, XOnl 6b1 JJHMOlla,D,a. We must drink to that, even if only some
Xonhe? lemonade. Wanl to?
He XOTl1:TC, a xO'{ewb. Not "Obi," "rn." (Lit. Not "xoTlITe," but

"xo'{ewb.")
3a6bloaTb (I), 3a6blBoo, --eWb, -101' to forget
He 3a6hloaii, '{TO MW Ha (rbI. Don't forget we're using "TW."
He xonrre). a XO'tCUIh, He Ja6b1Baii, Not "BW," "TW." Don't forget we're using
IfTO MY 118 <<1"W, '"TW" now.
npmn:IKH}'Tb (pfv I), nplfBwKHy, --eWh, to get used to, to be used to, to become
-yr (past npHBblK, npHBbrKna, accustomed to
-<>. -Il)
5i erne He npIlBhlK. I'm not used to it yet.
H1Blllllt, Ii el..Lle lie llpHBbIK. Excuse mc, I'm not used to it yet.
6yh snack bar, sideboard

nOiineM B 6ylj)eT. Let's go to the snack bar.
SUPPLEMENT
.nBOp yard, backyard, courtyard
Ha Jl:BOpe outside, outdoors, out; in the yard
CerO.nIBI Ha .ll.BOpe O'{Cllb )l(apKo. It's very hot out today.
CBC)I(O cool, chilly
Ha }].Bope CBC)I(O. It's cool outdoors or [t's chilly OuL
norOlla weather
KaKajj CerO/l,Hl'l nor6.ll.a? What's the weather today?
TeIlJlO (adj TCnJlbIH) warm
CcrO.u.IHI TcmlO. It's wann today.
CcrO.nHl'l TenJlal'l noro.na. The weather is wann today.
xono.nHo (adj XOJlO.nHblif) cold
CcrO.nIDl x6J10.ll.1I0. It's cold today.
CerO.nHSI XOIIOll,Hasr noro.na. The weather is cold today.
OTJIblXaTh (I), OTJl:hlX{UO, --eWb, -lOT 10 rest, relax, vacation
8M OTJIbIXaeTe? Are you resting?
310 LESSON 14
npeJlJlaraTb (I), IlpeJlJlan\.1o, -ellIb, -lOT 10 suggest, propose, ofTer
4TO Bb! l1pC.ltllaraeTC? What are you suggesting?
ncpeXOJU'lTb (II) (like XO.niITb) 10 go across, go ovcr
3JlCCb MO:lKHO nepexOJlliTb ymn-lY? Is it all right to cross the street here?
npHB~I'lKa habit
3TO CTpallHaH npHBbr'lKa. That's a strange habit.
nJlOXOH bad, poor
3TO MOxaR npHBbl'lKa. That's a bad habit.
HaTllHUax
3URa I YlP, ycnlna! Tak )l(apKo!!
Oner 2 )lae3HTe oT.noXHeM! BOH TciM CBOOO,llHhlC CljnbSl:.

3Hua 3 Xopowo! A BnpO'IeM, r.ne Kin" H BOJlo.lUl? MO)KeT nOH,neM k HUM?
Oner 4 nOHJleM. 3Hae-re, 3H:Ha. x XOTM BaM 'ITO-TO IlpeAlJO)J(UTb.

3HHa 5 )la, x CJlYwaH>.
Oner 6 llaBaHTe nepeii,aeM ua TbJ. MbI: BelIb }'IKe xop6wHe .nP)'3bX.
3UR3 7 Xopowo. x cornacHa.
Oner 8 BOT H npeKpaCHO! 3a :ho Ha.no BblUHTb, XOTX 6bJ JlHMOJl3Jla. 2 XOTHTe?
3HII3 9 He XOTHTC, 3 (<xO'lCWb. He 336blBaH, 'ITO MbJ H3 Tb.t.
Oller 10 113BJfHH, x Clll.e lie rrpHBbIK.) nOHlleM B 6y<J>C"r.
NOTES 1 Both )KapKHH and ropsioorii mean hOI, but ordinarily they are not inter-
changeable. In reference to weather, climate, and room temperature, only lfi"apKuii
is used, for example, KaKOH )KapKHii .!I.eH.. 1 What a hot day! rOpK'IKH, on the otber
hand, must be used in referring to objects or things that are hot, for example,
"Opli'l8H BO,lJ,3 hot water.
Note that the genitive form JlHMOIIlI,lJ,8 is used herc. Nouns denoling divisible
l
mailer are used in the genitive case to indicate a portion of the whole amount, i.e.,
some. For example, compare >1 BblUHJI M01l0K8 I drank some milk with ji BblllltJl
MOJlOKO I drank up the milk, i.e., all the milk. The word JfHMOIUlll. is used by some
Russians not only for lemonade, but for almost al)Y soft drink.
) In this conversation we find two more cxamples of past tense vcrbs in Russian,
both perfective, where present tense constructions are used in English:
Yep, YCTina! Ooh. I'm exhausted!
.R eute He npllBbiK. rm nol used to it yet.
As used here, 6y~ is a snack bar or food countcr with very limited fare,
mostly cold. Although Khrushchev prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages in
snack bars, it is sometimes possible to obtain beer there. The word is also used to
describe a cupboard or sideboard where dishes, utensils, table linens, snacks, and
beverages arc kept.
LESSON 14 311
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION H ....p a B UJaXMaTbI
WaXMaTbJ (pI only) chess, chessboard, chess set

Hrpa game, play, playing
H rpa B waxMaTbl. A game of chess.
3a CTonOM at the table
KaJKCTC~, 31'0 Kal'~ Ii BonoAli Ja cTon6M. I guess that's Katya and Volodya at the table.
311113, CMOTJlII: .d.lKe-rCH. :ho KliTH H BoJloJUI Look, Zina, I guess that's Katya and Volodya
13 CTOJIOM. at the table.
01U1: HrpatOl' B WaxMaTbl they're playing chess
J(a. B UIlIXMaTbi HrpafOT. Yes, they're playing chess.
Let's go join them 1

jf lie 3Uan, 'ITO Thl IIrpaewb. 1 didn't know you play[ed].
KaTH, Ii H He :man, 'fl'0 n:.
HrpaenJh. Katya, I didn't eyen know you play[edJ.
emf: KAK (or KaK eme)! and how!
H eute KaK! And how!
MaT checkmate
Mile (dat of Ii) to me, for me
QHa Aaml MHe Mh. She beat me (Iii. gave me checkmate).
,nBa pa3a two times, twice
Omi )lBli pala lt3.na Mile Mar. She beat me twice.
J(a Hy! 31'0 if ,nOJllKell nOCMO~Tb. No kidding! That I've got to see!
ca.nHTheH (II), caJKYCb, ca.nil:rnbe~, -liTeH to sit down, take a seat
BMeCTO (plus gen) instead of, in place of
JIy<tUJe TLt. OJler, C3.aHCb BMOCTO MeHti. You'd better sit down in my place, Qleg.
C MCHsl ,noa6J1hHO I've had enough, I've had it
C MeHM y'lKi .ltOBOJJbIlO. I've already had enough.
cblrpaTh (pfv I), cblrpatO, -ellIb, -101' to play, playa game
a,UaOeM two together
nO'lcMy 6bl He CblrpaTh why not playa game
nO'-lCMy 6bl BaM B,ltBoCM He Chll'phb? Why don't you two playa game together?
A no<teMY 61.1 sliM, pe6liTa, BJtBoeM He Well, why don't you two boys playa game
CblrpaTb? together?
BaM 6YlleT CKy'lHO you'l1 be bored

60JiTbCH (II) [bajatC<)], 60K>Cb, to be afraid
60I1WbCH, -Ji:rc~
EOJOCb, 'lTO BaM 6YAeT CKy'lHO. I'm afraid you'd be bored.
nOJKanyu that's an idea, I wouldn't mind, perhaps
nOJKil..rIyi-i. T6nbKO 6010Cb, 'ITO mlM 6y,neT That's an idea. Bul I'm afraid you'd be bored.
CKy'IHO.
nmkaJlyii. TOJlbKO 6oIOcb, 'ITO BaM, That's an idea. But I'm afraid you girls
JJ;esyUIKH, 6Y.ltcr CKY'lHO. would be bored.
312 L~N 14
BOJJJ.YX air
CBe)K"H fresh, cool
lIa Cae)KHH BOJAYX OUI into fresh air
BblHTH (pfv I), Bbdl.IlY, Bblit/leUlb, -YT to go out, get off (a vehicle), come out
(pasl BblUleJI, Bblluna, -0, -H)
Mw Bblit.lleM Ha Cae)KHH B03.llYX. We'lI go out into the fresh air.
Mw 8WiD.eM HeMnOro fta caellClrii B03J1YX. We'll go out for a bit of fresh air.
XO'felUJ>, 3MHa? Want to. Zina?
na.auo all right, O.K.
Jliluto. O.K.
nplIXOJlHTb (II) (like XOAHTb) to come, arrive

HaM (dal pI of Mbl) to us, for us
n PIIXO.llHTe K HaM. Come see us or Come join us.
K6H'iIlTb (pfv n), K6H'Iy, -1IU1b, -aT to finish
A BbI nptlxoDJiTe K lIliM, KOr1lS I\OIl'itlTe, And you come joip us when you've finished.
SUPPLEMENT
KOH'laTb (I), KOH'latO, -eWb, -tOT to finish

Kor.llA BbI: KOIl'iaeTe pa66ry? When do you finish working? or When are
you through working?
HJ 1l0My from one's house, from home
BaM nllCbMo HJ .Il0My. There's a letter for you from home.
BblXO.llHTb (II) (like XO.llHn.) to go out, come out, get off (a vehicle)
0" pt.llKO BblXO.llHT HJ .Il0My. He rarely goes out of the house.
npHHrH (pfv I), npw, -CWb, -tr to come, arrive
(paSI npHUleJt. npllUina. -6, -H)
Kor.lla BW npH1leTe K HaM? When will you come to see us?
KaeeTCH, BaW nOe:J.a. npHwen. II seems your train has arrived.
rymiTb (I), rymitO, -eWb, -toT to walk (for pleasure), stroll
8b! 'laCTO ryJllieTc B napKC? Do you oftcn stroll in the park?
norymhb (pfv I) (like ryJlliTb) to go for a stroll, go for a walk
D,aBaihc norymlcM. Let's go for a walk (or stroll).
Ifrpa B WaXMaTLI
3. - 3HHa B. - Bml./lliMHp
O. -Oner K. - KilTS(
O. 3HHa, CMOTpH: K3)KeTCH, :ho Kanl It Bono.nS! Ja CTonoM.

3. 2 )la, 8 waxMaTbi HrpalOT. 1 nOH.neM K HHM.
O. 3 KaHl, R " He JHan, 'iTO Tbl HrpacUlh.
LF.SSON 14 313
B. 6 J1y'lwe Tbl, OJler, ca.luicb BMtkro MeHli. C MeHli Y)Ke nOBOJ1bHO.
K. 7 A oO'leMy 6bl S3M, pe6lin, BnBDeM He Cblrp3Tb 7

O. 8 nO:lKan:yH. TOJJbKO 60tOCb, lfTO BaM, ,QeBywKH, 6y,neT CKylfHO.
3. 10 J1!lnH0. A BW, pe6li:Ta, rrpHXO,QHTe K HaM, Korna KOIf'lHTe. 2
NOTES I Chess has traditionally been a very popular game with Russians of all ages.
The Soviet government prides itself on having tbe best chess players in the world.
As a result of winning only second place at an internationaJ chess tournament, the
government took measures to insure a crop of future champions by introducing a
course in chess playing in Russian secondary schools.
l Notice that English often uses the present or even the pasl tense after when,
whereas Russian more accurately uses the future:

npltxoJJkre K HaM, Kor.wi 8W Come join us when you finish (or when
KOH"tMTe. you've finished-lit. when you 'shall
have finished).

I. ,uasaHTe cblrpiieM 8 dpTbl. let's playa game of cards.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 waXM3TbJ. _ _ _ _ _ _ of chess.
______ B "'YT66n. _ _ _ _ _ _ of soccer.
_______ 8 TellHltc. _______ of tennis.
______ B 6eHc66Jl. _ _ _ _ _ _ of baseball.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ B XOKKeH. _ _ _ _ _ _ of hockey.
2. ,uaoaihe OT!J.OXHCM. Let's take a break or Let's rest a while.

nepeH.n.eM t1a Tbl. __ switch to "Thl."
_ _ _ nOH,neM B KHIIl,). __ go to the movies.
_ _ _ BbmbeM 3a 3TO. __ drink to tbat or Let's drink a toast to that.
_ _ _ Bb.lH.neM Ha CBe:mH B03JlYX. __ go get some fresh air.
_ _ _ cblrpaeM B waxMaTbI. __ have a game of chess.
____ DoUncM " HUM. __ go join the otbers or Let's go see them.
_ _ _ noH.neM B 6y.ph. __ go to tbe snack bar.
3. $I XOTCn saM lfT6-ro npe,lUloJkUTh. I had something I wanted to suggest to you.
___ eH _ ______________ to her.
_ _ HM _ _ to them.
-,---__ eMY _ _ to him.
OH xo-ren MHe lfT6TO npe.llJ1o)Km. He had something be wanted to suggest to me.
_ _ _ HaM _ _ to us.
314 LESSON 14
4. MHe 1I)')Klla K:ipTa EBpOnbl. I need a map of Europe.
BaM _ you _
HaM _ Wc _
Te6e _ you _
I1M _ Thcy _
EMy ~_ He needs _
. - - - - - - Shc _
5. Mue Hy>Kell 1I00blH 3TJ1aC. I need a new atlas.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CJlOOapb. _____ dictionary.
_ _ _ _ _ _ ccKpeTapb. _____ secretary.
Mile lI)')Klta HOBaM npoJt3BuU1U3. I need a new salcslady.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ KOMHaTa. _____ room.
_ _ _ _ _ _ pY':lKa. _ _ _ _ pen.
_ _ _ _ _ _ TCrpiutb. _ _ _ _ _ notebook.
Moe HjJKHO "OBoe pa;mo. I need a new radio.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepO. _ _ _ _ pen 1J>oin'J.
MHe HYJlCHbl 1I00bl:e nrrpA,Iul. I need new notebooks.
________ nOJIXH. _ _ _ _ shelves.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CljJlbll. _ _ _ _ _ chairs.
6. Moe XOJlOJtIIO. I'm cold.

__ >KapKO. _hot.
__ CKy'lIlO. _ bored.
BaM lie XOJlO)1HO? Aren't you cold?
___ )KapKO? _ _ _ _ hot?
___ CKy':lHO? _ _ _ _ bored?
7. KAK Ha )l8ope? What's it like outdoors?
- Ha .llBOpe ltopowo. It's nice out.
_ _ _ _ _ Tenno. _warm_.
_ _ _ _ _ xono.lloo. _cold _
_ _ _ _ _ ::dp"o. _ho'_.
_ _ _ _ _ CBe>Ko. _chilly _
8.. Ka" ceroAlIlI renno! How warm it is today!

_ _ _ _ _ xono)lllo! __ cold !
_ _ _ _ _ >KapKo! _ _ hot _
_ _ _ _ _ xopowo! _ _ mcc _
9. KaxaJl cero)lH.l'! norona? What's the weather like today?

- norona cerO,ll,IUI xop6w3JI. The weather's nicc today.
_ _ _ _ _ _ ""0.... _ _ _ _ bad _ _
________ TeIlJ1~. _ _ _ _ _ warm_.
________ xonoJlHaJI. _ _ _ _ cold _ _.
_~ :lKapKaJI. _ _ _ _ hot _ _
10. BAM rIltCbMO tb llOMy. There's a letter for you from borne.
_ _ _ _ _ H3 MOCKB':". _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from Moscow.
_ _ _ _ _ 113 JIemulTp:i)l.a. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from Leningrad.
_ _ _ _ _ 113 EBpOnbl. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from Europe.
_ _ _ _ _ 113 K IfTaJi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from China.
_ _ _ _ _ 1t3 AMCpIfKIt. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from America.
_ _ _ _ 113 CIllA. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from tbe U.S.A.
USSON 14 315
II. Ji BaM 3BOHKn B 'lac. I called you at one.
_eH _ __he' _
_ eMY _ _ _ him _
6H MHe 380H.H.n nOCJIe o6ella. He called me after lunch (or in the afternoon).
_Ha.M __ ___ _ u' _
__ Te6< _ _ you __
12. 6H npHWe.n 1\0 MHC. He came to see me.

_ _ _ _ _ _ K Te6e. ________ you.
_ _ _ _ _ _ K HaM. ______ u,_
_ _ _ _ _ _ K saM. _______ you.
_ _ _ _ _ KHCH. _ _ _ _ _ _ her.
-,- K HHM. _________ thcm.
6H npHwen K ce6c .n:OMO". He came back home or Hc's come home.
13. Kor,na Bbl KOH<JHTe paOOTaTl,? When will you be through working 1
___ ou KOH<JJtT ? ___ will he be ?
____ Oil" KOll<JaT ? ___ will thcy be ?
_____ Mb1 KOR<JHM ? ___ will we be ?
____ Thl KOH<JHWb 1 ___ will you be ?
___ Ii KOH<Jy ? ___ will I be ?
14. Rbi YJl<C KOH<Jaere 06c,naTb? Are you just about finished eating dinner?
6H __ KOH'faeT ? Is he finished ?
T';' KOll'faeWb ? Are you finished ?
OnH _KOI:l<Ja.IOT 1 Are they finished ?
R }')KC KOH'falO o6ellaTb. I'm just about finished eating dinncr.
Mbl_ KOH'laeM _ We're finished _
OH<l-KOH'faeT _ She's finished _
IS. OHa. ,naeT ypOKH aHrmrnCKOro jl3hIK3.. She gives English lessons.
Om! llaHlT _ They give _
MwllaeM _ We give _
R AlOO _ I give _
Rbi ,naeTe ypOKH pyccKoro J13blKa? Do you give Russian lessons?
611 .n:aeT ? Does he give ?
Tbl ,naeillb ? Do you give ?
16. OH" eMy lla.n:yT npOnycK. They'll give him a pass.

Rbi _ _ ,naJUITe __ You'll give _
Mbl __ lla.rlUM __ We'll give ~
Tbl ,n3mb _ You'll give _

aHa __ lIUCT _ She'll give _
R _ _ naM _ I'll give _
17. R BaM lIaM 3HilTb. I'll let you know.

6" _JlliCT _ He'll let _
Mbl _lla.n:HM __ We'll let _
OUU -.n:a.rlY"r _ They'll let _
Rbi MUe ,na.llHTC 3l1arb? Will you let mc know?
Tbl __ ,naWb ? Will you let ?
316 lEiSON 14
18. Kor.na kOIl'lHWb, Thl ueMlioro OTJl.OXllewb? When you finish, will you rest a bit?
___ KOII... HTe, Obi OT.QoxHere? __ you finish, will you rest __ 1
Kor.Qa KOH"'y, Ii HeMuoro OT.QOXHy. When I finish, I'll rest a bit.
___ Kon....HT, 01150 _ _ oT.QoxHeT. __ she finishes, she'll rest _
_ _ KOH"'HM, Mbl _ _ OT.QOXHeM. __ we finish, we'll rest _
___ koH...aT, OHIt _ _ OTllOXHYr. __ they finish, they'll rest _
19. J1eToM Ii OTJJ.blXOO B AnTe. During the summer I vacation in Yalta.

___ Mbl OT.Q.blXaeM __ " ________ we vacation _ _"
___ ru OT.Q.blx8eWb_" ________ you vacation _ _
___ OHH OT.Q.blX3JoT_" ________ they vacation _ _
___ BbJ OT.Q.blx8en: __" ________ you vacation _ _"
___ Xp)'lUeB OT.QblxaeT _ _" ________ Khrushchev vacations __"
20. OHa K HeMy Y'Kc npHBbll(JJa. She's already used to him.

__ K HaM _ _ to us.
_ _ K HHM _ _ _ _ _ _---'- to them.
__ k BaM _ _ to you.
_ _ 1(0 MliC _ _ to me.
_ _ I( Te6C _ _ to you.
Pronunciation practice: fmal c1nsters witb [r] or [r]

A. Final clusters with [r] followed by a hard consonant.
(gorpJ ,op6 [/!6rtJ '1epT [fau) $lpe
hump devil fan"
(jtrpJ cep6 (i>Ci'kJ O'lepK (touJ TOpe
Se,b sketch, outline torso
(bMJ 66pT (p...kJ napK [leurs) KyPc
shipboard park com",
(mart] MapT [yerx] .epK [to,~ TOP!
March peak peat
[sgirt] COltPT [syerx] CBCPX [ger~ HCpO
alcohol, spirits above nerve
[,pM] cnopT [mor~] MOpjK [norm] HOpM
sport walrus of nonns
(tOrt] TOpT (marlJ Mapw (~ornJ ,nCPH
cake march turf
B. Final clusters with [r) foUowed by a soft consonant.
Note: Although the writing system does not indicate it, the P preceding a soft consonant is pro-
nounced soft.
(skarn] cKop6b [yelO sep<j>b [skAtinJ CKaTepTb
grief shipyard tablecloth
([enJ <CP3b [SIJlcIlJ CMCpTb [Q!:t yill] "'CTBePTb
queen (in chess) death quarter
U3SS0N 14 317
C. Clusters with [r] in final position.
[akr} hp [a~6tr1 oce-rp [eentr] UellTJ)
acre sturgeon center
(tinr) ",imp [litr) nl1TJ) (rpiQistr) MHHHCTJ>
genre liter minister
Watr] TeaTJ) (smotr] CMOTJ) higr] THrp
theater review tiger
(metr] MeTP
meter
D. Clusters with [r] in final position.
r~in\abr]celfTIi6Pb [najabr] H0116pb [vmitrl BH~b

September November inside
(ak\abr] OIITli6pb [~ikabr] lIcKa6pb
October December
The dative of KTO, 'ITO, the personal pronouns, aDd the reflexive
personal pronoun coo';
NOM >ITO "0 ThI OH,Oll6 OHa ..,;, ... OIlH (no nom)
OAT "OMy "IeMj Mile Te6e 'MY eM HAM aaM .... ce6t
(HeMy) (HeM) (HHM)
Notes
1. The altcmate third person fonns, IICM)', nci, and IlIIM, are used when a preposition precedcs
the pronoun: K neMy, K ncil, and K "HM.
2. The dative reflcxive personal pronoun ceoe
to (or for) oneself has no nominative. It is used
when thc subject and indirect object are the same: >1 KynHn ce6C nnacnttt.KY. (I bought a record
for "iyse!f.)
MODELS
$i XOTCn saM "ITO-TO Ck:uaTb. 1 wanted to teU you something.

_ _ _ CMY _
- - - - him - - -
_ _ Te6e _ _ you _
_ _ eii _ _ _ _ _ _ he< _
_ ~_HM _ _ them _
011 xo-re.n Mile "ITO-TO C"a.J.3,Tb. He wanted to tell me something.

_ _ _ 113M _ _ us _
3J8 l.ESSON 14
KOMy :ho nJICbMO? Mile? Who is that letter for? Me?
_ _ _ _ _ _ ? Te6e? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? You?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? HaM? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Us?
_ _ _ _ _ _ ?B3.M7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? You?
_ _ _ _ _ _ 7 EMy? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Him?
_ _ _ _ _ _ 1 E01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Her?
_ _ _ _ _ _ ? HM? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Them?
.sf K BaM np'llY II cy666Ty. I'll come nnd see you on Saturday.
_ K HeMy . _ _ _ _ _ him _
_ K Te6e . _ _ _ _ _ you .
_K He" . _ _ _ _ _ hcr .
_ K HH.'I.t _ _ _ _ _ _ them _
OpHXO.zuiTe K HliM B cy666Ty. Come and see us on Saturday.

_ _ _ _ KO MHe _ _ mo _
.sf Kynnw BaM :hy nnaCTIlHKY. I'll buy you t!Us record.
_ _ _ cc6e _ __mysclr _
_ _ _ T06e _ __you _
_ _ _ OMY _ _ _ him _
- - eO - - - -
_ _ _ HM _
__hcr _
_ _ lhem _
Qmi KYnHT ce6e UOBbI" nOPTienb. She'll buy herself a new briefcase,
_ _ _ To6e _ _ _ _ you _
_ _ _ MHe _ _ _ _ me _
~ _ _ HaM _ _ _ _ us _
CUED QUESTION- .... NSWER DRILL
(you) To whom did 1M teadler say that?

To you.
(BhI) KOMY Y'lHTeJlb 3TO CJn13an?
BaM.
(Ji) KoMj Y'lHTeJlb :iTo CKa.3an?
MIU~.
(MbI, Thl, OHH, all, alia)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Oh, you're here already! 2. I don't know his house number.

rll bring you Ihe paper. He doesn't want '0 tell me,
A.x, Bbl }')Ke 3.o;6<:b! Ji. He 3HaK> 1I0Mepa ero .o;OMa,
R npHllecy BaM l'ueTY. 011 Mile lie XO'leT rOBOpHl'b.
Ax, aHa }')Ke 3.o;Ccb! OHa He 3HaeT HOMepa ero ,ll,OMa.
A npHHecy eii ra3hy. Oil Hi He XO'leT rOBoptin..
(Tbl, all, OIlR, raJUl, peKTOp) (MhI, npo4>cccop AneKceeo, Tbl, Obl,
peKTOp, pe6l1Ta)
LESSON 14 319
3. I wasn't home. 4. She's sick.
Who came 10 see me? I'm on my way to see her.
MeHR He 6blJIO llOMa. OHa 60Jlblla.
KTO 1'0 MHe nptlXo.ruin? ~ H.JtY Ie: ..eM.
6p.a:ra lie 6bUlO llaMa. Mo" TOsapHU.t OOJlell.
Kro I' HeMf npKXo.ruin? ~ HAY I' neMj.
(Hac, ero, B~C, llCDywelC, re611, nCOHUbf, (OHIl, :lKClla peKTOpa, TbI, ceKpeT3.pb,
"'l CTYJlCHTbl, Obi)
5. He hasn't been to your place yet. 011 Y IIHIt eute He 6b1Jl.

He'l! come to see you. OK lIptt,!],eT I' 118M,
011 y Bl'tc Cute He fibl1l. (y Hac, y HcC, Y HHIt, Y Te6ll, y MClIll, Y
011 IIpHlih II: BaM Hcro, y Bac, y MCH.lI, Y Hac)
I. She bought him a present. 2. He'll bring her Sflme lemonade.

He bought her a present. She'll bring him some lemonade.
Oua l(ynH.ria cM9 OO.aaPOIC. Oil npHHecer eH J1IlMoHliJIa.
OR h.'"YJIHJI iii DOllapolI:. Oua nptUfecN e.\1Y J1HMOUW.
Mbi KynH.riH cMj uOllapoK. A npHllecY cit J1HMOlla,na.
On KynHn HaM DOllapolI:. Oua DpHHeeer Mlle JlHMOUliJJ,II.
(51 KynHJI, TbJ KynHJIa, Dbl KynHJHf, OHII (Mbl npHllecCM, Obi npllileeeTe, OHII UpH-
KynHJlH) nCCYT, lbl IlpHHCCelllb, all I1pHHeeer)
3. J wrote him (l lefler.

He wrote me a letter.
.st HanHcan CMY OHCbMO.
On HallHw MIMi IDICLM6.
Mbi HauHwH eMY UHCbMO.
Oil llanHW IIiM UHClo~6.
(Obi HaUHC3JlH, Tbl H8nHC3Jl, aHa Ha
nlleana, OHH HanHcaJJH, 011 HaTIHC3Jl, 51
H8nllcaJJ)
The dative case in impersonal constructions
MODELS
Mae til: ..lIpKO. I'm so-hot.

HaM _ We're-.
EMj _ He's _ _.
Eii _ Shc's __.
HM _ They're _.
BaM lie :lKapKO? Aren't you hot?
Te6e ? _ _ you_?
BaM HC 6yncT CKy'lHO? Won't you be bored?

Te6e ? ___ you ?
320 LESSON 14
MHe 6y'UCT CKy'H-lO. I'll be bored.
HaM . We'll be_.
EMy . He'll be_.
E" . She'll be_.
HM . They'll be_.
M He 6bulO X0J10ltHO. I was cold.
HaM _ Wewere _
EMy _ Hewa5 _
E" _ Shewas _
HM _ Thcywere _ _
Te6e 6hi.no X0J1oltHo1 Were you cold 1

BaM 1 _ _ you __ ?
Mile napa H,IlTH. It's time for me to be going.

H;M _ ____ u, _ _- -
3a'lCM BaM ClleWI1Tb 1 What's your hurry? or Why should you hurry?
_ _ reM ? _ _ _ YOUf _ _ ? or you _ _ ?
A MIll~ MO)l(II0 nocMoTpCTb 1 May I look 1 or Is it O.K. for me to look 1

_ HaM 1 .__ we_10r us l'
Mlle T3.M 6bWO xopowo. I was happy there or I felt good there.
EMy _ He or He _
MHe XO"l.eTCJI min. I'm thirsty or I feel like having a drink.

H;M _ We're __ or We _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the above models, noting that the person who is involved in each instance is expressed by
the dative case in Russian.
(f) Who's thirsty?

Jam.
(11) KoMY XO"l.CTCli nl1Th?
Mile,
(olla) KOMy XO'fCTCli IlI1Tb 1
Eo,
(Bbl, ThI, all, MhI, OHM, SI, Olla, Bbl, Mhl)
RESPO!'l'SE DRILLS
I. We'll be dancing. 2. He went home.

We won't be bored. He was bored.
Mw 6jltCM TaHUCBaTb. 0H nowen AOMOii.
HaM He 6ylteT o..-j'Iuo. MY 6wo CI.:ylfHO.
Ow 6jltcre Ta.Hl.lesaTb. aHa nowna .nOMO".
BiM He6ylteT Ckj'IHO. I!ii 6bI00 a.y"lllO.
(SI, OH, ThI, ona, OH", OH, BbI, SI) (OUIt, ThI, BbI, MhI, SI, 011, Tbl, olla)
LESSON 14 32J
I. Where are you going? 2. Why are you ill such a hurry?
Home. Fm bored here. It's time for me to go home.
Ky.llil. Thl tmellIb? nO'ieMy Thl n\K cnewHllIh?
)l,OMOH. MHe J.necb CKy'lUO. MHe nopa .uOMOH.
Ky.na Bbl tmeTe? nO'leMy OH nlK cnewlh?
)l,OMOH. HaM 3.necL CKy'lHO. EMy nopa .nOMOH.
(au, OHIt, Mbl, oHa, Tbl, BbI, OH) (olla, ami, BbI, TbI, OH, aHa, BM)
SUBSTITUTION ORJ LL STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
He knows that he'l! he bored. He wantS to learn the results.

Du 3l1aeT, 'iTO eMY 6yoneT CKy'lHO. He's curious to know the results.
QHa 3HaeT, 'ITO eH 6Yll,eT CKy'lHO. du XO'lCT Y311aTb pe3ynbTaTbJ.
(Mh!, Bioi, ~, OHH, KOJl}!, 1'101, ran}!, Bce) EMy HHTepeClIO y3HliTh pe3ynbTaThI.
Mhl xonlM Y3Han, pe3yJIbT<1Tbl.
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS HaM HllTepeCIIO Y3l.llln. pe3YJILTllTbl.
(OHM, Tbl, OHa, BbI, st, Mhl, OH, Thl)
II's time for us to go.
It was lime for w to go.
HaM napa HJ1TH.
HaM nopa 6blJl0 HlI,TlI.
MHC napa II)),TH.
Mile nopa 6wno HLn"Ii.
(cii, HM, BaM, HaM, MHC, Tc6c. eMy, MM,
MHe)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. I was at Ihe flea market. 2. We danced for a long time.

I found il interesting there. We're hot.
$I 6hln ua TOJlKf'!Ke. Mhl nOJ1ro Tal:lL\enaml.
Mile TiM 6wJIO KlITepeclIo. HaM iKapKO.
QH 6hW lIa TonKy'lKe. dH .uoJlro TaHL\eaan.
EMy nlM 6wJIO HlITepeello. EMy iKapKO.
(MbI, OHa, BbI, OIlM, OH, }!) (H, OIlH, TbI, OlIa, BbI, MM, H)
3. You have time. 4. We want 10 read.

Why should you hurry? May we read?
Y BaC eCTh BpCM.lI. Mbl XOTHM '1HTaTb.
la'leM BaM CnClllHTb? HaM MOiKl1O '1HnlTh?
y Te6l'i: eCTb BpeMII. 61:1 X6'leT '1HTaTb.
la'leM Te6e CnClllHTb? MY MOiKHO '1~Tb ?
(y Hero, y Hac, y HHX, YHee, y MeH$l, y Bac, (olla, H, OHJf, Tbl, Bbl, MLI, on, SI)
y Te6S1, Y nux)
DISCUSSION
In impersonal constructions the dative case is used to identify the person affected or involved
in the situation. Such dative constructions are especially common in conjunction with infinitives or
shorl-form neuter adjectives ending in -0.
in the past and future, the neuter verb forms 6bl.'l0 and 6j.1J.eT are used. They usuaUy precede
the infinitive or short-fonn neuter adjective.
322 LFSSON 14
Te6C TaM He 6YlleT IIHTepeCHO. You won't find it interesting there.
EMy nopa 6bUlO HJJ.Tli. It was time for him to be going.
MHe 6blJ10 XOJlOllHO. I was cold.
HaM 6YlleT XOJlOllHO. We'll be cold.
Tbe dative personal referent may be omitted for a more general statement.
)KapKo. It's hot.
nopa llllTH. It's time to be going.
M6:lKIiO nocMoTpen.? Is it all right to look?
KaK H1rrepecHo! How interesting!
Tbe dative case witb uylKelf, IfYJKHa, UYlKHO, and Ifyll<llld

MODELS
Mile lIy..cen arJlae. I need an atlas.
MHe Hy..ceH 6bJJI arJlae. I needed an alias.
Mne lIy..ceH 6YlleT 3TJJae. I'll need an atlas.
Mile lI}':lKn3 K3PTa EBp6nbl. I need a map of Europe.

Mile IIY:lKIHl. 6wmi Kitp'ra EBpOnhl. I needed a map of Europe.
MHe lI}':lKm'1 6YllCT KftpTa EBpOnbl. I'll need a map of Europe.
Milt Hy*1I0 p3Jrno. I need a radio.
Mile lIY:lKHO 6blJIO paaHo. I needed a radio.
Mile n:;.110 6yoneT panna. I'll need a radio.
Mile lI)')KJlbI lUUO'tli. ' I need keys.
Mile 1IY"'lIb1 6bulH KJlIO'tH. I needed keys.
Mile II}':lKHbl 6yonYT KJlIO'tH . I'll need keys.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models. noting the pattern in the present, past. and future .
I, (I) Who needs an atlas? 2. (chess set) What does he need?

J need an atlas. He needs a chess set.
(li) KoMj nY-"CH aTJlae? (w3XMaTbl) 4TO eMY HjJKIIO?
Mile Ily*etl iTJlac, EMy HY'...H";' WaXM8Tb1.
(Mbl) KOMy H)0Kell :1TJlac? (1I6:lK) 4T6 eMY ny,.cllo?
HaM ttY*eu aTJJaC, EMy ny*eH "0*,
(oHa, Oil. Mbl. Tbl. OHA, }I, oHa, TbI) (JlHMOH311, KBIITaHl.l,IUt, flJ1aCTHIIKH, 6YMara.
:ypHaJI, MonOKO. ra3eTa, npaH.AW1l, PY"Ka)
3. (cupboard) What will we need? 4. (secretary) Whom did she need?
We'lf need a cupboard. She needed the (or a) secretary.
(wd$) 4T6 HaM 6yoneT uY*"no? (ceKpeT3.Pb) KTO eM 6bU1 HjJKeH?
HaM 6YlleT HY*eu WKa. Eii 6Lan uy",eu KpeTapb'
(n6JlKa) t.h6 113M 6yoneT HY":lK1I0? (y66pulI1u.a) KT6 eH. 6bln lIy"reH?
HliM 6Y/.teT IIY*Ha 1I0JIKB, ii 6bfJla Hy"'IUii yOOputH118,
(KJllO'HI, npOHrpblBaTeJlb, ,,1138eCTH}I. lIO- (peKTOp, npOllaBlttHL(a, TOBapUlli BonKoB,
aoe MecTO, :lKypllan (,OrOHeK", l(Be'lepIIRli y'lHTeJlbllHu,a, Bax:rep, HaTawa H 3ulIa,
MOCKBa, waXMaTbf) npoleccop OpJlOB)
, Some speakers stress the first syllable of lbe plural form: Ilf*xw.
!...ESSON 14 323
I. What dictionary does he need? 2. Are Ihere any cups here?

He needs Ihis olle. I need a cup.
KaKoii CJIOBflPb eM)i Hy*"ell? Ty,- OCTb '1amKH'1
EMy "~eH BOT nOT. MHi Hy:tma '1lirnKa.
KaKOH xypuan eMY uyxeH? Ty,- ten. CTari.m.l 1
EMy Hy..-etI BOT nOT. Mue Hyi:eH CTah.-aH.
(nona, poMaH, nepo, IOlHra, CTyn, (nO)l(KH, H01l:H, BHJlKH, KapaH}l3..UjH,
T""""'") nepb$l, llOCKH. Te'1"p<lJJ.H)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Here are some pencils. 2. Oleg doesn'l have an aI/as.

We don't need pencils. Does he rea//y need an atlas?
8M KapaHJlamH. Y Onera HeT 3TlIaca.
HaM KapaH,lI,llUIH He IIY*llbI. PaJSe eMY lIy*eu liT.[lac?
8M nponycd.. y OJlt~:ra HeT ATnaCOB.
HaM npouycd He IIYjt;HhI. PbBe eMf H)'jI'uLI liTJlaCbl?
(cnOBapb, KBHTanUHSI, KJUO'lll, Jlll$T, (HeT TeTpa.o.eH, ReT CJIoaapeii, !leT npo-
TaKcH, TeJIe$oll, HOClUlblUHXH, Kexpe) nyCKa, HeT nepa, HeT KnlolfeH, HeT CTona,
lIeT nom:u)
3. Where can one get pencils? 4. Where did you get paper?
She needs pencils. I'll need paper.
rlle MO:lKHO ,llocniTb Kap3llJl.auui? rlle Rbi llOCT8.rrn 6)'Mary'1
ii Hy:HW ...-apaHJI.auui. Mile Hyt.Ha 6YAeT 6YMara.
rlle MO::trnO llocniTh H6.1 Cue Rbi llOCTIuIH xapTy E8p6nbl?
ii nj;eH 00-.. MHe H)"IOIi 6YAeT Kapn Eep6rn..l.
(nepbR, MaTepHaJJ. xopo6.:y, CTOJl. (CTOII. xapaHllaI11H, nOJay, nponYCK,
TeTPa.o.H, nonxy, CJ10Bapb, orypJJ;bl) 6HJ1eTb1, ropJl'l)'lO 80.ny, MOIlOICO)
5. The children got [hold of] some pencils. 6. He had no key.

They needed pencils. He needed a key.
Pe6m llOCTanH ICap3HltamH. Y Hero He 6b1J10 VHO'la.
HM IIY*uw 6W.n.. Kapa",lI,aIUH. EMy uy>KClI 6WlJ KmO'i.
Pe6liTa J1OCT3.Jm crYnbH. Y Hero He 6bUlO np6nycKa.
11M UY*HW 6biJlH CTYnMIL. EMf lIy*eH 6L,(jJ IlpOUYCK.
(cTon, nomy, KU"!"", CJlOaapb, TeTpa,llil, (py6I1J1. Konefum. 6HneTa, TCTpa.nCH,
HCTOplUO KHTaSl, KapTy AMepKlO:l) paJU-lO. CTaxana)
DISCUSSION
Hy*eu, uy-ALB8, Hy*HO, and uy~ are the short forms of the long.fonn adjective HjJKuLIi
necessary. Tbey are used in constructions where the dative indicates the person in need and the
nominative indicates the thing needed: MRe Hy:IIlJIa K3pTa. (I need a map.-Lit. To me a map is
necessary.)
In the past tense the appropriate form of 6Wn, 6wJ'lli, 6Lmo, or 6Wmt is used in agreement with
the short-form adjective and the nOlln indicating the thing needed.
EMy Hy*Ua 6wJla x3pTa. He needed a map.
EM)i HylKeH 6W.n wa<Pep. He needed a driver.
EMy HY*uLI 6Li1.'IH liw.mm. He needed some boxes.
324 LESSON 14
In the future, the appropriate fonn of 6Y.ZleT (for singular) or 6yJJ.YT (for plural) is used with
the shortform adjective.
Moe Ily*llli 6YJJ.:eT KapTa. I'll need a map.

Moe IIY*HY 6yJQ'T KapTbl. I'll need maps.
Moe HylKllO 6YJJ.:eT nepO. I'll need a pen.
The neuler form HY*1tO is also used in infinitive constructions.
MHe HYmto Cn3Tb. I need to sleep.

HaM Hj*110 6Ll.TJO cneIDJhb. We had to hurry.
EMy HY'*nO 6YJJ.eT pa66TaTb. He'll need to work.
The imperfective verb )laBSTb and its perfective )lSTb
,a,aaan. (imperfective) nan. (perfective)
PAST ,a,asan,,a,asana,JJ.:asano,nasanH .an

He nan
.ana
He JJ.ana
.llano
He nano
....
He nanK
!Qed,IJ [QidalllJ [Qed,I,) [Qoo'~J
PRPS na.o, .naewb, AaCT, naeM,

naen, na.oT
FliT 6yny naeaTb, 6Y.uewb nasATb n3.M, naWh, nacr, na.nHM, .lIan.HTe, Ila.n.y-r
IMPER nasaH! nasaH"re! naH! naMn!
MODEL')
I. Imperfective verb naBliTb
6H naBin yp6KH pyCCKOro H3blK3.. He used to give Russian lessons.

Qila JJ.aBa.na _ She used to give _
Mbl !tasinH _ We used to give _
..s1 .na,o yp6KH aHfmiifcl<OrO R3h1Ka. I give English lessons.

Tbl .uaeWh _ You give _
6.1 naeT ~_ He gives _
Mbl .uaeM _ We give __
8w naere ~ _ You give _
QHJ.I JlalOT _ They give _
..s1 6yny naBaTb ypOKIl pyccKoro H3blK3.. I'll be giving Russian lessons.
Tbl 6Y.lleWb _ You'll be giving _
6H6~eT----------------- He'll be giving _
Mbl 6YlleM _ We'll be giving _
8bi 6yneTe _ You'll be giving __
OH" 6yJlYT _ They'll be giving __
He na8Mi J.lM TaK MH6ro 80JJ..bl! Don't give them so much water!
He na88iiTe ! Don't give !
I...fSSON 14 325
2. Perfective verb JlllTb
0" MHe nan KJlIOni. He ga ve me the keys.

Ou Mile fie ,na.J1 KJlIO'teH. He didn't give me the keys.
Om\ MHe Aa..n:a KJlIO'tH. She ga ve me the keys.
Olla MHe He na..n:a KJlIO'teif. She didn't give me the keys.
On" MHe .nann KJlIO'f". They gave me the keys.
Omi MHe He nann KJIIO'IeH. They didn't give me the keys.
.st eMY na.M min. py6neif. I'll give him five rubles.
T" __ namb _ You'll give _
Qmi. __ ~aCT _ She'll give _
M" __ ~aWiM _ We'll give _
8 .. __ """"'" _ You'll give _
QU" __ ~"'* __ ~ They'll give _
llaif MHe ny Kmtry! Give me that book!
lll\iITe ! Give !
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that the perfective verb .win has an irregular future. Note also
that the imperfective verb .IllIsan. has a present tense based on an alternate form of the stem without
-118-.
I. J 'II give [prillote] lessons. 2. Don't gi,'e him the key!

J give [privote] lessons. Give him the key!
.st 6y.ny .l1asaTb yp6KU. He n3BaH eMf KJlIO'la!
Jt J1.aJO ypOKH. ,lI.aii eM)' IUIIO'l!
OH 6Y.l1eT naBaTh yp6KH. He )laBaH eH pbl6bl!
Ott )l8iIT yp6KH. )laM eii pw6y!
(MOll ToaapHum, MOJl no.npyra, Mbl, 3TOT He ,naBMi "M 611J1eTOB 1
Y'lHTCJ1b, Th!, $I, 3TH llcaywKH, BbI, MOH He n3B{u'i eMY HOMcpa TCnC(!>6Ha!
~pyr) He ,lJ,alH\H "M cnoaapli!
He )],aaaH CH nponycKa!
He naaMi eMy .O,ynaca!
3. J gille singing lessons. 4. She gave him ten rubles.

J used '0
gille singing lessons. She'lI give him ten rubles.
.st natO yp6KH neHHR. OHa llaJlll eMy nCcJlTb py6ncH.
A lI.aBliJl yp6.... nell..A. Olla ,!laCT eMy ,aeCRTb py6mHi.
Mbl naCM yp6KH nellHJl. na..n
.st eMY .necJl.Th py6neH.
Mw AasaJlH yp6"H neUHR. B: .naM eM)' lI.CcJm. py6ncii.
(aHa, OUH, OH, BbI, MbI) nan",
(Jl. .a.ana, Mbf 011" lI.anU, Bbf nann,
Tbl .nana, npo4Jeccop CeMeHoB nan, aMe-
pHXaHUbl nanK)
5. She'll gille him the tickelS. $i .a3.M eMY 6W1en...

She gave him the tickets. B: lI.M eMf 61tJ1en...
Olla nacr eMY 6HJleTbi. (B3XTepwa, Mbf, Mama, neBUbI, Bbf, oua,
OHa JJ.aJli eMj 6KJleTW. AneKceea)
326 LESSON 14
6. The teacher let him talk. 7. f placed all ad in the paper.
The teacher didn"t let him talk. I'll place an ad in the paper.
YlilfTenb Aan eMf rooopiITb. .H .nan 06b1IBJ1eIlHC 0 n13eTy.
YlutTe.m. ue Aall e..... y rOBOpHTL. Jl AiM 061>ABJIeIlHe 8 r8~TY'
OHa AaJla CM}' rOBopHlb. Mhl Ainu 061>RBJleHHC 8 n13eTy.
Omi He Aalla eMy rooopm" My A8lJ.HM 061>aWIfMC 8 ."a3thy.
(OpnOB, Mbl, AeBywK3, Y'tHTeJUl, GpaT, (Ohl, y~HTeJlb, 11>1, 3TOT 'le.rTOBCK, Mall:
ceCTpa, Oner, :lKella) 1l0Apyra, aMCpltlCaHUbI, R, 31'3. :lKeHllUlHa,
MhO)
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL RESPONSE DRILL
Does Kozlov hal'e the atlas? He has a dictionary.

No, he gave if to me. He'll give them the dictionary.
ATnae y K03JI6oa? Y Her6 ecn. CJlOOapb.
Hh, 0" JI.i;t ero Mtfi. OM HM rolcr CJt08apb"
ATnae y HHx? Y MeHJi ecn. CJlOOapb.
HeT, OHM AM.. er6 MMe" jj: liM .rtI:M CJloBlipb. .
(y KonH, y HeC, Y HpHHbl, Y Hero, (y Hac, y Hee, y TeGR, YMeM, y oac, y tutX,
y )"IHTeJlbIlHl.U>l, Y Y'lKTe1leH, Y ra.mt) Y Hero, y Hac)
DISCUSSION
Thc perfective verb .win. has an irregular future whicb must be memorized: .wiM, A8lUL, .rtI:cr,
AaJDiM, AaJUfTe, Aa$. Its imperative is .wUi! .wiiin! Its imperfective counterpart AWn. has a
present tense based on the stem [daj-J: AaJO, Aaeuu., .Il.1Ie-r, 1I.1ItM, Alle-re. AIIKtT.
The other forms of Aaa8n., including the past tense, infinitive, and imperative are based on lhe
longer stem [dava-]: lI.ad.rl, lI.wn., .aaw. All verbs with infinitives ending in -ll8an. follow this
same pattern, for example, Ilpo.ll.W..... to sell, Y3uaaan. to recognize, C03HaBaTL to realize.
Suggestions that include tbe speaker: part I-perfective verbs

MODELS
noli.aeM 0 cy666Ty B KJIy6! Let's go to the club on Salurday!

):laaall 1l0H.neM ! Let's go !
):laBaihe nOH)leM ! Let's go !
BhdilJ.CM HeMu6ro lIa CBe:lKHH S63.nyX! Let's go out and gel a bit of fresh air!
AaBlHi BhlH..nCM ! Let's go out !
)],ae3iiTe BbliW,eM _ Lei's go out _
laHJi.eM K HHM! Let's drop in on them!

JlaOa" 3aMcM ! Let's drop in !
}laoaHTe JaiiD.eM _ _ I Let's drop in _
OTAoxueM! Let's take a break! or Let's rest a bit!

}lad" OTD.OXHeM! Let's take ! or Let's rest __ I
llaoaHTe 1 Let's take ! or Let's rest __ !
LESSON 14 327
norOBopHM 06 3TOM Jlene! Let's talk a bit about this matter!
AaBaH TIOrOBOpHM 1 Let's talk !
AaBaihe noroBopHM _ _ ! Let's talk _
CbJrpaeM B rnaxMaThll Let's playa game of chess!

AaBaH CblrpaeM _ _ , Let's play !
AaBaiiTe CbJrpaeM ~, Let's play _
REPr:TlTION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that either the first person plural perfective verb alone, or tbe verb
combined with Jl8Baii (familiar) or Jl8BaiiTe (pluralpoJite) can be used. ,lI,aBaii(Te) makes tbe sugges-
tion more tentative and is somewhat comparable to English How aboul it? or What do you say?
I. We'll go 10 the park. 2. We bought a dictionary:

Let's go 10 the park! Let's buy a dictionary!
Mbl nOHJleM B miplC. Mbl Kynwm C1I0aapb.
nOH.tJ.CM B napK! KYIIHM C11oBaph!
Mbl nO).lO:lKJlCM OK01l0 KHocKa. Mbl no,ayMamt 06 nOM.
nO}.{O*Jl,CM OK01l0 KHocKa! nOJQ'MaeM 06 nOM!
Mbl 3a6y,ueM 06 ::ITOM. Mbl OTKpbum OKHO.
Mw 3ai1;:l,cM B 6yepcT. Mw chlrpiU'm a waxMaThl.
Mhl nocMoTpliM B CJIoaape. Mw norOaOpHlIIl 06 nOM Jlene.
Mbl KyflHM 3TOT MaTepHa.rr. Mbl npeJl1l0:llUUrn: eM)! paooTy.
Mbl oCTaBuM eMy KJIIO'lH. Mbl nOJlO)l(.n;iU'Ul na yr1lY.
Mbl 1l0H,UCM B KHHO. Mbl OCTaBHJlH KJllOLJH lIa CT01le.
Mbl BWTIlUm 1IItMOHaJla.
3. Let's buy Ihem a present! 4. I want 10 go to the theMer.

Let's buy Ihem a presenl, how ahoul it? How about (us) going to the theater?
KYlH1M HM nOJlapOK! R xO'ly nOHTIl: B TeaTp.
)laB~H KyUMM 11M DOJlapoK. )laBliiiTe nOHncM B naT)).
noroBopHM 06 :hOM! .H xO'ly OTJlOXHYrh.
)luaH 1I0rOBOpM.\f 06 jTOM. ,lJ,aBaiiTe 01JlOXIICM.
nOH,neM OTJlOXHeM! ..R XOLJy BWHTIt lIa Cae:lKItH B63,lJ,yx.
KOH'IlfM .iTy pa66Ty! R XO'ly cnpocHTh 06 :hOM.
npHHeceM cTon! $i xO'ly nOllO:lK,uaTb.
npO'lHT3.eM 06'bSlBnClIlle! 5i. XO'ly noronopHTh.
3ai.fJIcM B KOMHCCllOHHblH MaraJifH! $i XO'ly noHTI't Ha T3.HIl,hI.
OCTaBHM 3TOT pa3roaop! $i XO'ly 3aHTH Il :ho 3,lJ,aHHe.
QUESTION-A-NSWER DRILLS
I. Well, how ahoul the movies, shall we go? Hy, K3.K llaC'ICT O'lepKa, lIaml:WeM?
O.K., let's go! Hy, dK HaC'ICT 'last, BbDIheM?
Hy, KilK HaOICT KUHO, nofu!cM'1 Hy, KaK lIaC'lCT pa66ThI, KOH'lItM?
J1a,lUlo, DOii,nCM! Hy, KaK HaC'IeT nnac-l'HHOK, nOCJlywaCM?
Hy, KaK HaCLJCT KRHrlf, KYnHM'1 Hy, KaK HaC'lC'r 6HJ1eTOa, B03bMCM'1
J1wo, KYIIHM! Hy, Kal( HaC'IC1' KocnOMOB, 3aK3:lKeM?
Hy, dK HaC'ICT 06e,ua, n006eJlaeM?
318 LESSON 14
2. Wanl 10 go to the club Smurday? XOTI1Te CHell norOBoplfTb?
O.K., let's go! XOTilTe JaHn! K IIlfM?
XOTlhe nOHTli e cy666Ty e K.ny6? XOTihe cblrpATb 0 waxMaThI?
Xopow6. ,1X8Baii"re no~eM! XOTiITe 3aMOnollTb Ja HlfX CJIooe'll(o?
XOTilTe HeMIl6ro OT/lOXHYTh? XOTilTe nocMoTTh ;hOT qlllnbM?
Xopow6. Jl.a.aiiTe OT,1XOXHeM! XOTiITe OOHTIf 8 Jan?
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Let's take a cab! 2. I have 10 go to Kiev.

O.K., let's! Me too. Let's go IOgether!
,UaBaiiTe BOJbMeM TaKCH. R .nOn:ell noexaTh B KHeB.
Xopowo, BOlJoMeM! A TO.eo JJ;aaai noe.neM BMkre!
,UaeAihe nepeilueM Ita fbi. R .aOmKen HanHc3Th CO'lHHeHue.
Xop0w6. uepei.neM! Jt TOa;e.)].ad.ii RamfweM a.\fkre!
AaBaHTe nanHweM eMy nltCbMo. R .uOJDICeli nOHTH B 6H6nuoTel(y.
,l:lasaHTe nO,1XOJK1leM aBTooyca. .sf .uOn:eH cnpocrn 06 3XJ3MeHax.
AadHTe OTliomeM B napl(e. A .u6.mlCeH 3aHTH 8 MaraJ"H.
,Ua8aJrre 3aK3XeM 6u.neTbl. R .llOJDICeH BbiKTH Ita cee:.cHH BOJAYX.
,l:laeAi'iTe nocnywaeM pyocKHe neeHu. A AOJDICell nonpocrn ero 06 :hOM.
,l:laBairre nofweM noo6e.naeM. R .llOJDICeH IIOAO:Jl8Tb TooapHIUa.
llaeaHTe BbinbeM n"MOHana. R llon;llCeH npo'lHT3Th raJb"y.
3. I'm going (0 go to Ihejfea market. R Doo6C/lalO 8 CTonOBoH.

Let's go together! R Hx no.uo)lCJ:tj.
A noiinY Ita Tomcy'lKy. R nocnywalO lUIaCTHIIXH.
nObeM BMecre! R nOCMOTPIO )Kypllan AMepll.Ka.
A JaJCaJKY 61tJ1en... A norymilO 8 napKe.
3aK8*eM BMecre! A JailnY Ita n6'lTY.
DISCUSSION
. Most suggestions that include the speaker are expressed using the perfective form of the verb.
The basic fonn is the subjectless first person pluml verb.
In informal spoken Russian, however, AaBaN or .nUBaii:"re oflen precedes the first person plural
form: .aUdH for addressing n:.
and .naeaiITe for addressing Obi. Use of JJ,uBaH or .nuBaiITe. only
adds an informal lone, but makes the suggestion more tentative and open to discussion. It is some
what comparable to English suggestions prefaced by: What [do Y01~J say we ... ? How about (us) ... ?
Why d01l'1 we . .. ?
Compare nOCJlYwaeM IUIacTIhuCH. Let's ]jsten to records!
with What do you say we listen to records?
The unstressed suffix -Te may also be added to the first person plural form of a few verbs,
mostly verbs of motion. It makes the suggestion more formal and polite.
Let's go to the movies! or Shall we go to

the movies '!
Bbili.neMTe lIa cBc:1l1i BOWX. Let's go OUI for some fresh air! or Shall we
go out for some fresh air'!
The subjectless first person plural of a very few imperfective verbs may also be used in making
suggestions: HlleM, eJJ,eM let's be on our way! let's go!
I...SSON 14 329
Adverbs and short-form neuter adjectives ending in -0
MQIJEL<i
6H cnOKoih-lblH 'feJIOBeK. He's a quiet person.

6H CnOKOHHO pa6oTacT. He works quietly.
31'0 HCnpaSlfnbHbl\.f OneT. This is an incorrect answer.
Bbl HCnpaBJ.il1bHO OTBeUUlH. You answered incorrectly.
3TO HCY1l66HblC C"J"YlIb.ll. These are uncomfortable chairs.
Ha IIUX IIcy,n66no CH,IlCTb. It's uncomfortable sitting on them.
31'0 npOCThIC CJl0Ba. These are simple words.
I1x np6cTo nHeaTh. They're simple to write.
31'0 TpYilFla}ll-1rpa. This is a difficult game.
B flee TPYAno "fpaTI>. It's difficult to play it.
31'0 CKy'lHbIH poMim. This is a boring novel.
Era CKy'lHO 'HITaTh. It's boring reading it.
:~ho .D:oponi.ll 8emb. This is an expensive thing.
alia 1loporo CTOHT. It costs a lot (lit. dearly).
31'0 JICrKHj;! .ll3bIK. This is an easy language.
Era JIcrKO y'l."1'I>. It's easy to learn.
Oil XOp6WHH CTY1leuT. He's a good student.
6R xopomo pa66TacT. He works well.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that short-fonn neuter adjectives and adverbs may be fonned by
dropping the long~fonn adjective endings and adding -0. Observe thai sometimes the stress may
differ. Compare xOpOUIKii with xopomo, and nnoxoii with DJIOXO
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRIl.LS
I. He lives quietly. 2. It was a warm day today.

He's a quiet person. Today was warm.
6H CnOKOHDO :lKHBeT. CerOllHR 6blJl TelUlhlii ,IIeUb.
On cnoKoiiublii otenOBeK. CerOlUUI 6h.ino TcnnO.
du "pOCTO )K~fBeT. Ccro,nHSI 6blJJ xopoWHii .a:eHh.
On np<lCToii otenOBeK. Ccro,nUH 6h.ino xoporno.
(CTpaUHo, Cl<y'lHO, I.fJITepecuo, CBo601I.HO) (XOJlO,IIUhIH, )KapKHH, OTllH'lHhlll,
npeKpaCHblii, TPY,llHhlii, CKj"lHhlii,
nnoxoii)
3. Tomorrow will be warm. 4. I have a quiet room.

It'll be a warm day tomorrow. I feel peaceful there.
3aBTpa 6Y.o:CT Terwo. Y MeHii cnOKoiimul KOMHaT3.
38BTpa 6Y.lteT TeDJlhlii Jl.eUl. Mue TaM cooKoiino.
3aBTpa 6Y1I.CT )KapKO. Y MeDii nnoxolSi KOMHaTa.
laBTpa 6YJl.eT *aPKHH Jl.eHh. MHe TaM nnoxo.
(XOJIO,llHO, HeUJIOXO, XOpOWO, l'CnnO, (xopowaR, TCllilaJI, XOJIO,IIHaR,
)KapKO) uey,n06I1aR, HenJIOXaR)
330 LESSON 14
5. He'.\ an excellem secretary. 6. This is so boring!
He does excellent work. (Lit. He works This is such a boring essay!
excellently.) 3TO TalC ClCy'lIlO!
0" OTJUi'lllbIH CeKpeTapb. 3TO TaKO. CKf'lIIh.lH O'fepK!
011 OTJUi'lllO pa60Tatt. 3TO TaK HHTepCcliO [
0" ;KOp6WHH ceKpeTapb. 3-'ro TaKO. Hlrrepeeuh.lM O'fepK!
OK xopoUJ6 paOOTaeT. (TaK XopoWO, TalC CTpaIlHO, TalC rtlIOXO,
npeKpaCHbJH,
(WIO;KOH, HeIlJlOXOH, TalC CK)"iHO, Tal( IIHTepecHO)
XOPOWHH, OTnH'llfblH)
7. That's an interesting business (OT affair).
That's interesting.
~o HHTep&:Hoe aeno.
:)yo KHTepeem.
::'TO rtlIox6e aCno.
::no 11110XO.
(acY'lHoe, npocT6e, nerxoe, TPYJlHoe,
CTpaHHoe)
'1THI1E 11 nl1CbMQ
LESSON 14 331
~~~/
H.<X ,,~N U- ~ ~ .' N ~ ~
~ ~." ~ ~ e.i' /-U ~
'W?'UJ ~ /<,<Z h/?'t..(f(;.~ ~ ~ ~ /
~ :>'?nO, H-O k" - ~ 00"<:-
,<:a:& ~.
Bc'!epOM HUlla 11 CCMCU HAy,- B KRHO, a celt'iac HM IIa.aO OTltoXHYn. BOT all" B3.1iJIlI
B 6H6JlHOTeKe KHHfW Ii :a.:ypHaJIbI, CH):VIT ~ 'lHT310T. A 33 CTOJlOM Y oKml CTyAellT It
cTYAeHTKa Hrpa.!OT B LU<lXMaTi>1. EA, K3.:lKeTCH, CKy'lHO, om\ 'l<leTO CMOTpHT B OKUO.
HaBepHo, CTYAeHT cK6po ,lJ,3.CT tHi MaT.
HHKonaH rOJ1o.Qcu. eMy .n3BHO nopa HATH 06eA3Tb, HO Hana KOH'UITb paoory. EM)'
TPYJlHO KOH'IHTb re. B'Icpa rami 6b1JI3 3Aecb, 11 oUH BMecre pa60TaJIH. a ceroaH$( ee HeT.
Ou c.aena.n owH6KY. a rAe - He 3HaeT. Tenepb 6u CHllHT H HllleT .:hy owH6Jt:y. BOT noca.aa!
OJ](~r
CnpOCHJI Mcml 0 XHTpoBe, Ii KOf1l3 $I CK333.n. 'fTO XHTpOO 66ncu. OH D03BOKHJI
eMY. K Tene$6Hy nOJlOWJI3 X<eHa XHTpoea Ii CKa.3a.na, 'ITO 0" Y:lKe BDOJlHe 3110POO H
pa66TaeT. Oner XO'lCT 8C'iepoM 3aunf K HeM)' If norOBopHTb 0 pa60TC.
HHlla lie O)l{Ull:ana J.lCTpCTUTh K03n6Ba B Kny6e. OHa He 3u3na, <{TO OR 'laCTO XOll:HT
Ty.na. EH HIHepecHo, <no 6R TaM .nenaeT. M6)1{eT 6blTb nber? Her, KOUC<{1:I0. B KJ1y6e He
nbloT. TaM HrpalOT B WaXManl, c.rrYwalOT MYJbIKY, mlOr.aa TaHl~YIOT. K03n6B rOBopHT
CU, <{TO <faCTO urpaeT B WaXMaTbi BOU TaM, 33 :hUM CTonOM. OR cnpamUBaeT. He XO<{eT
JllI 3URa nOCMOTpe-rb, K3K OR u TOBapKl.lt 6Y.nyr HrpaTh. Ho OHa rOBopliT, <fTO CH 6Y.neT
CKy<fHO, OHa He m-pae-r H He nOHHMaeT :hOH urpbi.
- He X6<feTCH cero.nHJ( 06e.naTh .nOMa.

- A Ii KaK pa3 Xon~J1 npe.nnOlKHTb Te6c nOrlTH B pCCTopaH.
- C y.nOBOJ1bCTBueM. B KaK6"?
- 3.necb Ha yrny CcTb xopomHit.
- 5i 311a10. 5i TaM pa3 6blJla.
- TaK nOHll:eM Tyn;a, XopOWo?
- Xopow6.
332 LESSON 14
- XOlfCWb. flOH/.J;eM BMCCTe B 6H6mwTcKy?
- A 'lTO Te6e nlM Hy)f(1I0 B3ll:Tb ?
- POMaH (Har.ul1 3ua"d>Mble)).
- Y Me.lli ecTb 3TOT pOM3H. XOlfeWb, ll: Te6e .aaM?
- A TeGe 6" He H)0KCH?
- HCT, it era y>Ke 'I"Tan.
- Bbl y>Ke CK33amt peKTOpy 060 MHe?

- He-.., cme He rOBOpHn. 51 XOTen npe,ltJ1OJIUfTb BaMnoATH K "eMf BMecre.
- BaM K3)1(eTCSl, 'ITO TaK 6yneT Jly..we? .R HeMRoro 60K>Cb era.
- Hy 'ITO Obi! Ou 6'1CHb npOCToH Ii MHJIb.lH '1CnOaeK. nOH,QCMTe!
- BaM lie CKy'lHO CHJJ,erb Bee BpeMS! nOMa?

- Ha, Sl cnyw3JO My3b1Ky.
- CTpaHHO, 'ITO Dbi mb6HTe CHACTb BOT T3.K, c.nYW3Tb MY-IblKY '" "H'lerO He .nenan..
A T:l1.K He MOry. .
- 3H3,L{llT, Bbi He JU06HTe My3blKY. 3a'lCM BaM Torna sarn npoHrpblS3TeJlb?
- npaella. 0" MHe He Hy:CH. XOntTe, Ji BaM ere .aaM?
-CnacH60.
- TonbKo 6" o'teHb CTapblH.
- 3-ro HIf'ler6.
- nlIlSl, 'ITOn;. JIYMaClllb 0 neTpOac?

- HI1KOnae MIl" Onere?
- fi er6 ItMeIHt He 3HllJO. BHlIcna TonbKO JlBa pba. Y Hero CHHHe rna3a.
- 3Ha'iIlT, :ho Oner. .R ero BI-hIeY K3lK.nblH .neHb Ha neKUIIRx..
- ~ x.oTena CHUM n03HaKOMHTbCR.
- ~ Mory Te6~ n03HaKoMHTb. TOJIbKO 60tOCb, 'ITO Te6e 6Y.neT C miM CKy'lHO. 6H
Bee BPCMR 'lTOTO 'lHTaeT II .nalKe, KalKeTCSI, miweT cntxu.
- 3TO HHTepecHO. n03HaKOMb ",ie, nO)KanyHcTa.
- Xopom6.
- I1HTepeCHO CMOTpCTb, KaK OHH HrpalOT, npas.na?

- Bbl 3HaeTe :hy Hrpy, OOT aaM H IIHTepCCHO, a R UII'lero IIC nOHHMlho, II MHC CKy'lHO.
- Tormi nO'leMy 61,1 DaM He B35fTb )I{ypHaJ1? BOT nOCJlC,lJ,JrJ.JH HOMep ((OrOHbKa,),
xOTHTe?
- CnacH60, ~ C y.uOBOJlbCTBIICM nocMOTpK),
- TaM, KCTthH, eCTb O'lepK 06 AMcpHKe.
- CMOTp.tTe. BOT npOBO.l\HHK. CKalKHTe eMY

- CeH'lac. n pOBO.uHHK! .$I npOCHJla 0 Kacce ,lJ,3.Tb Mfle HH)Kllee MOCTO. HaBepx.Y MHe
HeylI,06HO CnaTb.
- Ho BaM ,lJ,aJIH sepx.Hee, H Ji trnllero He MOri c.nCJIaTb. MO)KeT 6b1Tb, :hOT rpaJKlI,aHHH
MO)f(eT cmiTb naBepxY.
- KOnC"IHO, MOri. MHHyTKy, ~ CeH"IaC B03bMY caolt DemH. BOT, nO)f(anyHCTa.
- CnacH60.
LESSON 14 333
LESSON 15
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION noe./J.eM K HaM H8 K811HKYJlbl
KaHHKyJIbI, KamtK}'JI (pi only) vacation

Htl K311HKynbl on (or for) a vacation, to spend a
vacation
noeJleM K HaM lIa KaHHKyJlbl. Let's go to our place on our vacation.
nnaH plan; map (of city)
KaKite y Bae IImillbi 113 1\3UMli:YJJhI? What plans do you have for vacation?
nOKa for the time being, meanwhile, while
IIHKaKOH not ... any, none at alJ
nOli:a "Hli:SKHx. None at all for the time being.
A Y Bae li:ali:MC MaULl? And what plans do you have?
POJUtTeJJH. --eii parents

MbI: bJIHM K POJUfTCll.flM. We go to see our parents.
KOJlx63 kolkhoz, collective farm, village
Mw bJUlM K POJlIITe.nJlM B KOJlX03. We go to the kolkhoz to see our parents.
Mbf C 6paTOM my brother and I
MbJ c 6paTOM eJDJIM K powrremlM 8 My brother and I go to the kolkhoz to see
KonX03. our parents.
06bl'IHblJ'l (ad v 06bl'lHO) usual, usually
Mbi C 6p:iTOM 06W'IIIO lb,D,IIM K powhe.11HM 8 My brother and I usually go to the kolkhoz
KO.""C)). to see our parents.
OTCK)Jla from here, hence
KHlIOMeTp kilometer.. threefifths of a mile
mITb,D,et:JiT [gi\l\li~t] fifty
:)ro mrTb,D,eriT li:NJI0MfipoB OTCtO,1ta. It's fifty kilometers from here.
npHrnacHn. (pfv II), npHrJlawy, to invite
npHrnacHwb. -lIT
Mt:.: Jl.YMa.'1H BaC npHrnacHn.. We thought of inviting you.
JlaJIeKIIH (adv JlaJICKO) far, far away. distant
n"Tb,D,ecJiT KHlIOMCTpoB -::ho Jl3.JIeK6. Fifty kilometers is a long way off,
CnscM60. Ho ntn'bD,ecKT KHJlOMapoB -.iTo Thanks, but fifty kilometers is a long way
naneKo. off.
335
pa3peWCHI1C pennissiom, authorization, permit
MIIl~ He HaJIYr pnpeUleHHR. They won't give me a pennit.
Henb3H (it's) impossible, one can't, one must not

HHOCTpaHell, -Hna foreigner
HH0CTp3truaM HeJlb3li c8066HIIO (It's] impossible for foreigners to
cbHKTh. travel freely.
no (plus dat) about, to (different places), in, via,
along, around, through, up and down
CTpaH3, -&I:; CTpaHbI, CTpAH country
HIIOCTpiHnaM HeJlb3JTcB066,llHO Foreigners can't travel about
tJHKTh no CTpaHe. the country freely.
A H Ja6bw2, 'ITO HUocrpaHuaM I forgot that foreigners can't travel
HeJTLU CBOOOHHO brorn. no C'Tpaue, about the country freely.
"'.,,. too bad, pity, sorry

)l,li, O"tCHL .anI>. Yes, it's really too bad ~r I'm very sorry.
>1 HaWUX KOJlX030B eme He BH,n:eJl. I haven't seen your kolkhozes yet.
A BeltL B8wHX KOJlXOlOB elllc After all, I haven't seen your kolkhozes
He BM;J,eJT. yet.
CHHMOK, ~MKa snapshot, picture
Y MeH.H eeTb MH6ro CHHMkOB. I have a lot of snapshots.
Y MeHli ecrb MUoro CHHMkOB I have a lot of snapshots of our
Hawero kOJlX033. kolkhoz.
noc.'JywaiTe, y MetUi ecn. MHOro Listen, I have a lot of snapshots of
CIIHMKOB tnimero KOm:Ol8. our kolkhoz.
DOKa.J3.Tb (pfv I) (like CKa33.Tb) to show
XoniTe, DOKDt:y? I'll show (them to you if] you like (/it. You
want, I'll show).
Yes, please do.
UBeTHoii colored, in color

HeKoTopblH some, certain
0, ueKoropwe n:e ltBeTIwe! Oh, some are even in color!
CIUfMaTb (I), CHHM~ho, -eWh, -lOT to take off, take (a picture)
CaM, -a, -6, CaM" oneself
Bhi C8MH CUIIManH? Did you take them yourself?
.annapaT apparatus, camera

Ali, y MeHM HOBblH annaph. Yes, I have a new camera.
36pKHH Zorky (name of camera)
.lI.i, y MetUI HOIWii annapliT ..:J6p1\HH., Yes, I have a new Zorky camera .
Bblwen, Bbluma, -0, -H

(past tense of Bbl:iiTH)
CHHmo::K O<IeHl> HCfIJlOXO BWlIIJJK. The pictures came out very well.
nopliaoK, -,lI.Ka order, arrangement, sequence
no nopwy in succession, in sequence, one by one
D.aaaiin: 0I0Tptn. no oopliHKY. Let's take them one by one.
336 LffiSON 15
SUPPLEMENT
B nOpMKe in order, all right, O.K.

Bce B nopwe? Is everything all right?
6mbKHH (adv 6mbKo) near, close
6mhKo OT close to, near
BbI :lKHBhe COBCCM 6mbKo You live quite close to us.
OT uac.
Hc.aaneK6 close, near, not far
Mi:d )KHSeM He.na..neK6 OT r6po.na. We live close to (or not far from) town.
npHrnawaTb (I) to invite
OHii 06b1\(HO nPHrJlaWaK>T Memi They usually invite me to their place
K ce6e Ha kaHHK)'JIhI. for vacation.
MIiJui, -Ii; -H, MHJ1b mile
C1c6nbKo MHnb OTCtOJ13. .nO How many miles is it from here to the
BOK3a.na? station?
OTT)'Aa from there
Ck6nbKO kHnOMCTpoB OTT)'Aa How many kilometers is it from there to
.ao M OCKBbl? Moscow?
nOel\eM K HaM H3 KauHKyJJLI
r.-r""" l1>. - l1>Hminn
r. <l>Hminn, KaKHe y Bac nn3.Hbl Ha KaHKKyJlbl?
<1>. 2 nod HHKaKHx. A y sac?
r. 3 Mbl c 6phoM 06W'fHO e3!1HM K p0!lHTeJUIM B KOJlX03. 3TO OJITb.aed.T KHJ10MlhpOB

oTciO.aa. I .!lYMlUUf BaC npKrnaCHTb.
<1>. 4 Cnacu60, HO mITb.aeCSl:T KHJIOMeTpOB - :ho JlaneKo. MHe He .aa.ayT pa3peweHIDI. 2
r. 5 5i. H 3a6blJIa, 'ITO HHOCTpaHuaM HeJlb3H CBo60,ll,HO e3'uHTb no CTpaHC.
<1>. 6 )],3., O'lefib )f(anb. 5i. BC,Il,b Baunu KonX030B ewe He BH,Il,eJ1.
r. 7 nOCJlywatiTe, y MeHH ecrb MHoro CHHMKOB Hawero ~0J1X03a. XOTuTe, nOKa)f(y?
<1>. 8 )],a, nO)f(anyMCTa. 6, HCKoTopble .aa)f(e uaeTHbJe! Bbi caMH CHUManu?
r. 9 )],3., Y MeHsi HOBbiM annapaT (30PKHID', 1
<1>. 10 CHUMKH O'feHh Hennoxo BWWJllL )],aBaUTe CMoTTb no nopsiltKy.
NOTES 1 KOJIX03 is derived from KOMeKTJUU'oe x03SiicTBo collective farm. The word
KOJIX03 has almost entirely rcplaced the old word .a.epeBKJI, in the sense of vi/Jage.
Russian villages usually consist of one long street lined with wooden huts on both
sides. Behind each hut is a small garden patch and, as a rule. a smaJl, log balhhouse.
LESSON 15 337
1 Exchange students in the U.S.S.R. can travel within a thirty-kilometer radius
from the city where they live; to travel farther, they must apply for a special permit.
It is unlikely that such a pennit would be granted to visit a collective fann.
The Zorky is a Gennanmade camera and is very popular in the U.S.S.R.

J
In Russian 36p..." " means sharp-sighted or vigilant.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION r3JISI nOK3JblOSeT <l>HnHn~y CIIHMKH
n0K33bJ8aTb (I) to show

ra.rul n0K33bJBaeT tPlulIlnny CHHMKH. Galya shows Philip snapshots.
66UlHH,-a~,-ee,-He general, over-all, common
.KA view, aspect
8M 661.1tHH BH.n. Here's an over-all view.
none, -H; DOnj,-eH field
8M 06W;HH BM,!:{: TjT nonl1. Here's an over-all view: over here
are the fields.
KOnx03RblH kolkhoz, collective fann (adj)
86T 66uurif BH,u: TjT kMXOJHbiC Here's an over-all view: over here
nMI1. are the kolkhoz fields.
oJepo, -a; 03epa, o3i:p lake
nee, -a; neea, -OB forest, wood{s)
B.a.amt in the distance
Ty-r nomi, a BJJ;aJ1" nee H Over here are tbe fields, and in the
63epo. distance the woods and the lake.
Bu.neH, BHJl,H3., Bu.nHO, BH)])IbI visible, can be seen
B.nami BH.D.Hbl JIee H 6Jepo. I n the distance the woods and the lake
can be seen.
BOT MILlHM BHit: TyT uoml:, a Here's an over-all view: over here are
8,lI,ami Btl):I.Ilbr nee H oJepo. fields and in the distance you can see
the woods and the lake.
H363., -bl; H36h1, Ib6 village bouse, hut, cottage, farmhouse
A BOT mima H:wa. And here is our house.
.nepeBHHHhlH wooden, made of wood
v, .
...... llcpes1lHBalll ."
., Ob, made of wood 1
A iTO 'f1'O ua ymme ? And what's that in the street 1
konOlleu, -Jlll.3 well
:ho ICO",OAeQ. That's the well.
BO,llOnpoBO.a. running water, plumbing
Y HaC Her BOJlonpoBOJla. We don't have running water.
338 LESSON I5
oenp6, -a; oenpa, ne.nep pail, bucket
oe.npaMI-I by (or in) pails, in (or by) buckets
IIOCHTb (n), IIOWy, U6cI-lWb, -SIT to carry
Haao BOay HocHTl. Oe,/l,pHMH. We have to carry water in buckets or Water
has to be carried in buckets.
npeACTao.nJITb eWe (I) to imagine, envisage, picture

"Halle (or Hualle) otherwise, differently
.sf HHalle npe.nCT3SJ1liJl ce6e I imagined the kolkhoz would be
KOJlX03. different.
A Ii. :mien. tota..e npellCTaBJl'liJr You know, I imagined the kolkhoz
ce6e KOJlxch, would be different.
K3.MCHHblH stone, brick

Obi: ltYMaJlH. HaaepHo, ,llOMa You probably thought the houses would be
K8MeHHble. A3? brick, didn't you?
:meICTpHllecT80 electricity, lights
Bw AYMaJDI. HWpRO: ,/I,OMi. You probably thought the houses would
KAMetlHble, :J.'1elCTpll'lec1lJO, Ai.? be brick and {that] there'd be electricity,
didn't you?
crpOHn. (II), CTpCUO, -HWb, -SIT to build, construct
Tenepb CTpOKT AOMa. They're building houses now.
Tenepb CTpOSlT AOMa J])UI They're building houses now for farmers.
KOJlX03HIIKOB.
OroubK60, KaKHc
.$I '1HTan B I read in Ogonyok the kind of houses
Tenepb crpOKT .nOMa ll,ltSi tbey're building now for farmers.
KOJlx63"HKOO.
J],a, a o6MuJo 'lMTU (<OrofIJ>Kf:, Yes, I remember reading in Ogonyok [about]
KalOie Tenepb C'Jl)6.... Jloi'tui the kind of houses tbey're building now
JlJliI k"OJlXOJHHICOB, for fanners.
A,3HaJO. Oh yes, I know.

TypHCT tourist
"aKHe nod3blBa'OT TypHCTaM. That's the kind they show to tourists.
A. 311I1.0, TaKHe n0K83b1BaIOT rypHCTaM. Oh yes, lknow. That's the kind they show
to tourists.
BOT *
ceMbR, -H; cCMbU, ceMe~
BCH u:iwa ceMbJl:.
BM TYT BCli nawa ccMbli 3a CTOJl6M.
family
Here is our whole family.
Here is our whole family at the table.
cP6To (indecl n) photograph, picture
A "a :hOM ep6TO oeli lIliwa CeMLK 3a And in this picture our whole family is at
CTOJJOM. the table. .
OHcCn. (II), OUCHY, oHcn to be hanging, to hang

",,:oHa icon, holy picture
Y de, li RH*)'. ""O"bI BHCfl, I see you have icons hanging.
Gor, -a God
aepHn. (II) (plus dat) to believe, trust
sepHTb B (plus ace) to believe in. have faith in
P8Jae ow aepMTe R 1i6ra? Do you really believe in God?
MW C6paTOM He aepllM. My brother and I don't believe.
L.E.SSON 15 339
OTl:U, OTU3 father
MllTb, MilTepH; MhepH, -eH mother
BepylowHH one who believes, believer
Ore... H MaTI. y lIac aepytOlQJIe. Father and mother are the believen; in our
family.
W~PKOBb, uepKBH; -~, -eil church

O"ell K MaTI. XOJUIT B ...epKOBh. Father and mother go to church.
Y BaC H uepKoBb nlM ecrb? Do you have a church there?

TaK y BaC H QepKOBb T8.M ecrb? Then you do have a church there?
ceJlO, -a; cerra, cCJI village

coce~HHil,-~~, -ee,-He neighboring, next
Ecrb B coce~HeM ce.ne. There is one in the next village.
&rb, TOJJbKO lie y HaC, a B CoceJUlCM CeJTe. Therc is one, only [it is] not in ours, but
in the neighboring village.
n6cJTe BOHnhl OncpWJIH. It was opened after the war.
SUPPLEMENT
~opora road, way, route

.uopora He O'lCHb xopowaH. Thc road isn't very good.
Haw ~OM o"eHb 6mhKo OT ~oporH. Our house is very close to the road.
BbI 3HaeTe ~opory K03epy? Do you know the way to the lake?
[fO ~op6re along the road, on the way
no ~opore llICn KaK6il-To '1CJlOBeK. A man was walking along the road.
no Aop6re AOMOil li KynHJI ra3ery. On my way home I bought a paper.
HaM [fO Aopore we're going the same way
Kb<ercH, HaM [fO Aopore. Looks like we're going the same way.
nocTpoHTb (prv II) (like crpOHTb) to build
3~ecb CKOpO [fOCTpOn HOBbIe ~oMa. They'll soon build new houses here.
[fOBepHTb (prv II) (plus dat) to believe
nOBepbTe Mile, Oil XOPOllIHI1 '1CJlOBeK. Believe me, he's a good man.
coreA, -a; coreAH, --en l neighbor
OHH HaWn coceAH. They're our neighbors.
coceAKa neighbor (f)
Hawa coce~Ka [fPHHeCJIa HaM :ho. Our neighbor brought us this.
"epa faith, confidence
Bepa s (plus ace) faith in, confidence in
Y Hero ner SePbl B ce6li. He has no faith (or confidence) in himself.
KOJlX031HfUa collective-farm worker (0
Moli M3.Tb KOJIX03ffil.lI,a. My mother is a collective-farm worker.
I Note that the final stem consonant of coce}l neighbor, which is hard throughout the singular, becomes soft in the
plural. Compare the singular: cocb, eeeeil,ll lsa~t, SlI~6<bJ with the plural: coceJtH, CI>Cl!Aeii, 0 coceJlllx, coce}lll.'ol [saij&,li,
sa~ij, asa~eq'Jx. saijCq'Jm].
340 LFSSON 15
raJlH nOKalbmaeT tbHJlItnny CHHMKH
r.-r3JUI
<lI. - <lIHJl"""
r. BOT 06UlH" BfuJ.: TjT KOnX03HhJe 1I0mi, a BLl,amf BHLl,Hb! nee H oJepo. A BOT Helwa
"36a.
$. 20, .nepeBll:HHa}l?! A :ho 'ITO TaKOe Ha yJIHue?

f. 3 3TO KOJI6.1.l.eu. Y mi.c neT BOJl,OnpOB6.o.a, Haao BOAY HOCHTb BCJl.paMI1. 1
(1). 4 A .R, 3HaeTe, I1Ha'le npe.ncTaBJI.RJI ce6e KOJIX03.
r. 5 Bbl Ll,yManH, HaBepHO: .nOMa KaMeHHble, :)J1eKTpHlfecTBo,.na?2
<1>. 6 .lla. ~ nOMHJO tntT3..n B (OrOHbke, KaKHe Tenepb CTp6SIT .nOMa JI)I}I KOJlX03HHKOB. l
r. 7 A, 3HaK>. TakHe nOd3b1BaIOT TYPHCTaM. A Ha 3TOM 4>6TO acH HaWa ceMb.R 3a

cTonoM.
(1). 8 Y B3-C, .R BH)Ky, HKOHbJ BHch. P33Be 8b1 8epH"Te B Dora?
r. 9 Her, Mbl c 6phoM He BepHM, HO OTeu H MaTh Y HaC BepyK>Ullle, XO.nHT B uepKOBb. S
(1). 10 T6.K y BaC It uepKOBb TaM eCTb?
r. 11 ECTb: TOJlbKO He y Hac, a B cocellHCM cene. nOCJJe BOi:lHbl OTKpblJIH. 6
NOTES I In Russian cities there was running water (at least cold) even before the
Revolution; however, it is still nonexistent in rural areas.

l Electric lights are usually not found in rural Russia. Note that the term
....aMetIHWii.literally stone, refers to all nonwooden buildings, Le., brick, stone, stucco,
and so forth.
In some villages, two-family and multi-family houses have been erected under
l
Khrushchev's program to modernize the villages.
Russians usually use lhe word lfM)ro (short for 4toro~a4lH.), rather than
CluiMOK, in reference to snapshots of people.
, The noun uCpKOBL (I) church has a sort final ~tem consonant except in certain
plural cases where a hard [v) occurs. Compare the nominative plural ItCpKBH
[cerkyi] with the prepositional 0 ItqlKBix [acirkvax] and with the dative ttep08.\4
[cirh.im].
, Ce.'l6 is a large village. Characteristically it had a church in pre-Revolution
times, but this is not necessarily true today.
LESSON 15 341
I. npHBeT :lKeHC! Say hello to your wife.
---=",e! _______ sister.
- - MY><y! _ _ _ _ _ _ husband.
_ _ _ OTloi! _ _ _ _ _ _ father.
_ _ 6phy! _______ brother.
_ _ _ MarepH! _______ mother.
_ _ _ POLUiTenJlM! _ _ _ _ _ _ parents.
___ .aPY3blfM _ _ _ _ _ _ friends.
_ _ _ 6paThJlM! _ _ _ _ _ _ brothers.
_ _ _ c&:TpaM! _______ sisters.
2. nOICa:lKHTe 4lwuinny emf MICH. Show Philip the snapshots.

_ _ _~ HKKOJlaK> _ _ _ _ Nikolay _
___ OT"" _ _ _ Father _
_ _ _ cecrpC _ _ _ Sister _
_ _ _ _ M3.TepH _ _ _ Mother _
_ _ _ _ po,a,l-fTenJlM _ _, _ _ your parents _
_ _ _ _ .D:P)'3bHM _ _ _ your friends _
_ _ _ _ TypuCTaM _ _ _ the tourists _
3. Ha KaHHKYJlhl Ji 06b1'lHO C3:lKy IC po,!JJhenm4. On my vacation I usually go to see my parents.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ K .aPY3bliM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends.
_________ K
_________ K
6""".
=TpC,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ brother.
________________ sister.
A li b:l'y B KOJlX03. And I go to tbe kolkhoz.
___ B ce.n:6. ___ to the viUage.
_ _ _ BKHeB. ___ to Kiev.
___ B O.lleccy. ___ to Odessa.
4. JlaH-re 3TH cP6TO rpAHT)'. Give these pictures to Grant.

_~ npo<peccopy, _______ to the professor.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y'lHTeJ110. _______ to the teacher.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TypHCTaM. _______ to the tourists.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3Hlle. _______ to Zina.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'lIb'eJlbIll1ue . _______ to the teacher.
5. MHe He .n<vI.Yr paJpewe"HJl. They won't give me a pass.

K6~c _ _____ Kolya _
ranc _ _ Galya _
HHKomuo _ _ Nikolay _ _
SpATy _ _ Brother _ _
OT"" _ _ Father _
HaM _ _ u, _
4>H.Jlltnny _ _ _ _ _ PlUlip _
6. M He Hano oonbwe cnan.. I need more sleep.

3HHe _ ~naneeds _
Onery _ Oleg needs _
CrylleHTaM _ The students need _
My,.y _ My husband needs _ _,
342 LESSON 15
CeC'"T]X H3.nO 60Jlbllle CObb. My sister needs more sleep.
OTuj _ My father needs _
Iipan.RM _ My brothers need _
7. WHOCTp3.HU8-M HeJJb3li CBo66.1lHO C3JUITb Foreigners can't travel about freely

00 CCCP. in the U.S.S.R.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 CTpaHe. _____________ in the country.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 KKTiJo. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in China.
8. My XO.llHnH 00 napxy. We walked all around the park.

_ _ _ _ _ no DonlO.' _______ the field.
_ _ _ _ nonecy. _______ the woods.
_ _ _ _ no Konx63Y. _______ the kolkhoz.
_ _ _ _ no r6poJlY. __________ the city.
_ _ _ _ no oeJJY. __________ the village.
_ _ _ _ no BOJOany. __________ the station.
9. MHe era *a..nb. I feel sorry for him..

_ee __ _ _ _ _ _ her.
_ _ B8C _ _ you_
__ HX _ _ _______ them.
__ Te6li _ _ you_
MHe em
3Huy. _______ Zina.
_ _ _ Kamo _ _ _ _ _ _ KolyB.
_ _ _ _ ct>wllfnoa. _ _ _ _ Philip_
_ _ _~ KOnx03HIUCOB. _______ the coUective farmers.
10. Y mix utT sePbl 8 ce6li. They have no faith in themselves.

______ B ;ho .Ileno. ______ in this thing.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 8 JlIOJleii. ______ in people.
_ _ _ _ _ _ B 'teJlO&eICa. ______ in man.
II. KuHe y sac Wl3.HhI ua lI:3HlU:yJlhl? What are your plans for the vacation?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua 33..BT'p3? ______________________ for tomorrow?
___________ HaBOCk~H~? _______ for Sunday?
_________ Ha 3T)' cy666Ty? _______ for this Saturday?
______________________ Ha 3TY He.a.emo? _________ for this week?
____________________ Ha 3TOT Be'tep? ______________________ for this evening?
12. Po.rUtTeJlU *HB:fT .a.aneK6 OT MOCKBbJ. My parents live a long way from Moscow.
_________________ He.a.aneK6 OT MOCKBbJ. ________ Dot far from Moscow.
_________________ 6mt3kO OT MOCKBbJ. ______ close to Moscow.
___________ nllTb.a.ecliT XIUIOMCTpoB ______ fifty kilometers from here.
oTClO.a.a.
___________________ ,UaneK6 oTclOJla. _ _ _ _ _ _ a long way from here.
______----- He,ll3nekO oTclO.lla. _ _ _ _ _ _ not far away from here.
13. MY npawnH MHmo. We've covered (or walked) a mile.

___________ OXOJlO MKnH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about a mile.
.nse MKnH. ______________ two miles.
___________ TpH MKnH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ three miles.
_ _ _ _ _ ruin. MKnb. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ five miles.
'Nate that. occasionally takes the stress (rom the noun: It6 IIOJPO [p6p;lul, a6 iRCJ (p6lisu).
l.ESSON IS 343
MbJ npOWnH KIU10MCTp. We've covered (or walked) about a kilometer.
_ _ _ _ _ OKono KI.fJJOMeTpa. __________ about a kilometer.
_ _ _ _ _ 1103 KI.fJJOMe-rpa. __________ two kilometers.
_ _ _ _ _ ':Ien';'pe ICHnOMbpa. __________ four kilometers.
_ _ _ _ _ OliTb KHnOMtrpoB. __________ five kilometers.
14. Ouii:y.lt"e Dpown" Olin, ypOKOB. They've already covered five lessons.
_ _ _ _ _ _ B6ceMb _~ _ _ _ _ _ _~_eight ~
_ _ _ _ _ _ nCorrb _~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ten _
15. ,llop6ra It.lleT K oJePY. The road goes to the lake.

_ _ mna . _ _ _ went _
ABTo6yc It.llh B Konxo3. The bus is going to the kolkhoz.
_ _ men _ _ _ _ was gomg _
_ _ _ UpHWCn. _ _. _ _ _ arrived at _
16. ,llaB1l.iITe HrpaTb 8 dpTbt. Let's play cards.

_______ 8 waxMaTbJ. ____ chess.
_ _ _ _ _ B <l>YT66n. ____ soccer.
_ _ _ _ _ _ B 6eiic6on. _ _ _ baseball.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 -reUHHC. ~ tennis.
_ _ _ _ _ _ B XOKXeM. _ _ _ hockey.
17. J1y':lwe He 6YlleM HrpATb B KiJ.PThJ. We'd better DOt play cards.
__________ B waXMaTbi. _ _ _ _ _ _ chess.
_______ B <l>YT66n. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ socce.
_________ B 6eAcOOn. _ _ _ _ _ _ baseball.
__________ B TeBHHC. ________ tennis.
__________ B xOKKeA. _ _ _ _ _ _ hockey.
IS. H.K He CUluIT. People don't sit like tbal or That's no way to sit.
___ rOBopliT. _ _ _ _ talk or to talk.
_--,--_ TaH!.tYK>T. _____ dance __ or to dance.
_ _ xaASIT. _ _ _ _ walk _ _ or to walk.
___ HrpaK>T. _ _ _ _ play _ _ or to play.
19. llBepH YJKe OTKPblB3K>T. They're opening tbe doors already.

_____ 3aKpbI8UK>T. They're closing _
Y:lKe BhIXO.D)fT H3 uepKBH. People arc coming out of church already.
n ponycxoB 60nbwe lie llatOT. Passes are no longer being given.
TaKHx pOMaHOB 60nbwe fie mlw)'T. They don't write such novels anymore.
Ero CTHXOB 66mwe He 'lHTaIOT. People don't read his poetry anymore.
20. TypHCTbI 0610'':1110 ClllfM3.JoT Tourists usuaUy take pictures
H3mB KOma3b1. or our farms.
_ _ _ _ D3mB oJCpa. _ _ _ _ of our lakes.
_ _ _ _ _ HawH ICllMeHHble llOMa. _____ of our stone houses.
_ _ _ _ HarnK i06bl. _____ or our buts.
_____ HaWK llepe8liHHble ltepkBH. _ _ _~_of our woodeD churches.
_____ Barny .aepeBmH)'lO UepKOBb. _____ of our woodeD cburch.
_____ HaWK pYecICHe ce.n:a. _____ of our Russian villages.
_____ HliwHX Kom03HHKoB. _____ of our collective farmers.
_ _ _ _ _ 1IawItX. KOJlJf.03Hlli.{. _____ of our collective-farm womeo.
344 LESSON 15
21. Ha :hOM $lTO MOJ:! ceMbR. My family is in this picture.
_ _ _ _ _ MOM OTell,. My father is _
_ _ _ _ _ MOlt POJlHTenH. My parents are _
_ _ _ _ _ MaR MaTI.. My mother is _
_ _ _ _ _ MaR cocem:a. My ncigbbo, (I) ;,_ _~
_ _ _ _ _ MOM coceJl. My neighbor is _
_ _ _ _ _ MOH coceJlH. My neighbors are _ _~
_ _ _ _ _ HaUJH Konx03HHXH. Our collective farmers are _
Pronunciation practice: consonant clusters with [I] or m

A. Clusters with [I] or [l] in second position.
[blank] 6m'iIiK [vlaH] enaCTh [mletnij] MnelfHblH

blank powe' milky
blisb] 6mbKo [vlellJ .nC3Tb (pIAnJ nna.
close to crawl into plan
blud~] 6mO.no [kla~U KllRcn. [plox~ J nnoxo
platter, dish to curse it's bad
[vhl.znij] BJla:lKHblH {mlat~ij] MJlaauntH (pHIJ nm:m,
humid younger to be swimming
B. Clusters with [1] or UJ in initial position.
[1M] n6a [1i6t] n:lKCT n~n:;l] I1b,nHHa

of the forehead he's lying ice Ooe
[Ibi] n6w , [lfi] n:lKU Una] I1bHa
foreheads of the lie ofOax
(lgat] nrATb IIvAJ llbBa 1I~1i1J nbCTlin.
to lie of Lev to Oaner
[Igiln] nryH IIda] nbilA O~uJ JlbutY
liar of ice I Oanee
C. Clusters witu (lJ or min final position.

(nerl) nepn [ansambU aHcaM6nb [0<=11 OTpacm.
pearl ensemble branch
[smisl] CMblCJl [zuravl] )kypaellb [zaF.lslJ 3apOCJ1b
sense crane brushwood
[rubl] pY6Jl1.. [suiktaklJ CneKTakIlb [rnisll MblCJlb
ruble show thought
[karai>ll Kopa6I1b [l}in6kU 6HHOKJlb [v6pll eonm,
ship binoculars outcry
D. Clusters with (lJ or 01 immediately before the final consonant.
[stolpr CTon6 I'6lk] WenK (pulsJ nYIIbC

post silk pulse
[dolkJ .nOnf [pOlkJ nOIlK [allJ AnbT
duty regiment alto
[pOls] non3 [;oleJ )KeJ1lfb [ku[l] KynbT
he crawled bile cull
[volk] e6nK [vals] ml.lIbC [fall] cPanblllb
wolf waltz falsehood
LESSON 15 34S
The dative of nouns: singular and plural

MODELS
<DHnHnny Hjxen npilnycK. Philip needs a pass.

Bna.nHMHpy _ Vladimir _
EBreHIUO " Evgeny _
HHltona.o " Nikolay _
K6nc " Kolya _
Mawc _ Masha _
HpHHe _ lrina _
Maplhf _ Maria _
npHHecH OTl.~ CTaJl:3.u BOttbi. Bring Father a glass of water.

_ _ 6paTY _ __ Brother _
_ _ _ _ aMCpHK:3I1Lt)' ~_" __ the American (m) _ _
_ _ _ Y'IIITemo " __ tbe teacher _
_ _ _ cekpeTapfb _ _ __ the secrelary _
____ Y'lHTeJ1 bHH Ue - - - __ the teacher _
____ aMepKKaH"e _ __ the American (f) _ _"
___ HHHe " __ Nina _
___ MapHJI " __ Maria _
nO.nOH..nlITC" re.ne4x)IIY. Come (or go) to the telephone.

_____ K cTony. _ _ _ _ _ to the lable.
_ _ _ _ KlUlca/fly. Come (or go) over to the cupboard.
_ _ _ _ " OKIlY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the window.
_ _ _ _ K.nOCKe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the blackboard.
_ _ _ _ K ,llBepH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the door.
_ _ _ _ " IdpTe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the map.
0"'lHTaeT neKlum no MY3blxe. He lectures on music.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no MaTeM:lTH.Ke. ____ on mathematics.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ f10 JIHTeparype. ____ on literature.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ f10 cI)lbJ.lxe. ____ on physics.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 xHMlfIl. ____ on chemistry.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 HCTOpHII. ____ on history.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 reOIlJaquIH. ____ on geography.
nOJ801lHTC cTYJleHTaM B nOlle.ne.nbHmc. Call the students on Monday.

_ _ _ _ CTYJlelfTKaM _ __coeds _
_ _ _ _ lleSu3.M _ _ __ singers _
_ _ _ _ ncBlluaM _ _ _ _ singers (0 _
_ _ _ _ Y'lHTeJ1 bHH llaM - - - - _ _ _ teachers _
_ _ _ _ OTu3.M _ _ _ _ fathers _
_ _ _ _ MarepJiM _ _ _ _ mothers _
_ _ _ _ po.QJiTeru<M _ _ _ _ parents _
_ _ _ _ Y'IIHemiM _ _ _ _ teachers _
_ _ _ _ cekpeTapliM _ _ _ _ secretaries _
346 LESSON 15
no nOHe.uenbHHkaM R ocer.ua )lOMa. On Mondays I'm always home.
no OTopUHkaM _ On Tuesdays _
no cpe.naM _ On Wednesdays _
no lfeToepraM _ On Thursdays _
no nRTHHLtaM _ On Fridays _
noq~nM _ On Saturdays _
no BOCkpe<:eHbJlM _ On Sundays _
NOUN eNDINGS IN THe DATIVE
SINGULAR -y, -to -e -"

aM- and maul-nouns
..waepb-nouns,
:lIIl:tlui-nouns
lICtluii-nouns ending in-KII,
Hard stems and stems Soft stems (except ~tI nouns)
lOtti-nouns
ending in 'I and ll.l
-
-y -H> -e -"
CTony llHtO <KeHe llUep"
6p,hy HHK01JalO ce.""e MATepll
KOJ1Jouy y'uhcJlIO HaTarne O'lCpe)l1l
re.nelOHY napHto Kone HCTOpHIl
OTuj KnT:ho rane 1JekUU"
To8ApHlJJ.Y nnaThto .neoytUke Map"'"
KJlJO'Iji co6"aHlUO npollaorn.HUe liMeHH
MOcry opeMeHII
oKKj
PLURAL -aM -AM
Hard stems and stems ending in 'I and ll.l Soft stems
-aM -AM
YJllaM 6paTbRM
ropollI.M .D.BepliM
rocnimw.llM napuKM
.llf:oymnM nC1mHILV
pe6RTaM co6paHH.""
<KeHaM YUlTe.nr..
cecrp3M O'lCPeJti.""
OkHllM llecHRM
CTomiM .upYJbaM
KapT8M crY1JblliM
TOoapllUl,aM Jla6opaTOpHHM
LESSON 15 347
REPETITION DRILLS
Repeat the given models, noting thc pattern of endings for nouns in the dative case.
CUED QUESTIONANSWER DRILL.S
I. (Vladimir) Who needs tickets? 2. (Zina) Who are you selling your camera to?
Vladimir:. To Zina.
(B1IanHMup) KoM}' Hy;Knbl 6HJ1eThl? (3I1Ha) KOMy abl npo.naeTC Bam arrnapaT?
BJlSrolMHpy. 3HIIC.
(.ueayuJKu) KOMy H)')KHhI 6HJ1eTbI? (EareHUH) KOMy BbI npo.nae-rc Bam annaph?
)l.CByntKaM. EarClIHIO.
(aMCpl1.KaHKa, CTy,ueHTM, CCKpeTapb, (nJXXPeccop Opnoa, ralllJ, aMepl1KaHen,
AnCKCCCB, HaTawa, ee no,/\pyru, y'lHTCJlh, .upy3b.1l., Toaaprnu, HmcOJlaH,
TOBapl1lU 801lKoa) Mapllil)
3. ifriends) Who did you call on? 4. (conveniences) What's he accustomed to?
Friends. Conveniences.
(,uPY3bll) K KOMy Dbl 3aXOJIHlIlI? (y.a06CTaa) K 'lcM)i OH npwsblK?
K ~PY3LliM. K y.u.OOcTBaM.
(pO,uHTCJIH) K KOMy Dbl 3axo,uHJUl? (.a)l(,i3) K 'lCMy OH nplfBwK?
K porolTeJllIM. K IDKlhy.
(npoct>eccop Opnoa, aMepmcaHKa, (AMepI1Ka, y.a3.'l.lf, Espona, npocb6bt,
y'lIfTCJlb, 311Ha, CTy.nCHThI, amI, pa6ol:a, KlfTaH)
aMepllXaHIJ;W, rpaHT)
RESPONSE DRIL.L.S
1. Mosko's thirsty or Masha wants a drink. 2. Oleg is asking where the lake is.
Bring Masha a glass of water. Tell Oleg where the lake is.
Mawa X6'1CT m1Tb. OJler CnparnHBaeT, rne 03CpO.
npHliecH Marne CTadu ao.a.W:. ClmiKHTe OJlery, r.ae <hepo.
OTtU XO'lCT ruITb. Y4:HTeJ1b cnparnlfaaeT, r.ne 03epo.
npHuecH omy CTad" Bo.nLi. CKaiKHTe y<tH-reJIlO, r,D,e o3epo.
'(cccrpa, Oller, CCKpeTapb, UCBI1Ua, (ee no.npyra, CTy.neHThI, ero ,upyr, ero
Toaapl1lU CeMeHoB, nCBen, rocno.nHH )KCHa, ero Toaapmu, raJl'l, cecrpbt)
rpaHT)
3. Doesn't Philip have a permit? Y KOllH HeT pa3pernellllil?
Give Philip a permit. JUne KOJle pa.lperneHHe!
y '1>llllHnna HCT pa3pernenllil? (aMcpHKallueB, rocnOJUfHa rpaHTa,
)l.aiin c])HJDirrny pa3perncllHe! aMcplfKaHKll, Y<lIITeJleH, K03noBa, 3I1Hb1)
QUESTION-ANSWER DRIL.L.S
1. Isn't Oleg going to come?

No, Oleg would be bored there.
Oner He npH1leT?
Hb, OJICry 6y,D,eT TaM CKylfIIO.
3Hila He npl1.neT?
HCT, 3ii:ue 6y,D,C'f TaM CKylfHO.
(CTYIlCHTbI, ce no.npyra, I1X .npy3bll,
cro 6paT, K0J111, npoq,eccop,
aMCpI1KaHCU, ncaUl.l,a)
348 LFSSON 15
2. Does your frielld have your camera? 3. Did Nikolay buy WI alias?
Yes, I ga~'e it to my friend. No, Nikolay 110 longer needs an atlas.
Tao" annapAT y TOSapHma? HHKOJui" KynHn hnac?
)la, Ji er6 !lin TOB8pltIUY Her. HHKOJI.9.tO IiTnac y",e He Ry"'CU.
Tso" annapaT y ceCTpW? 3HHa KynHna aTnac?
)la. li en~ win ceape, HeT, 3Hue aTnac )')l'"e lie Hy.CU.
(APj"3eH, npo4>eccopa, ee nOJI.pyrH, (pe6J1Ta, npo4>eccop KYPO'tJrnH, orell"
TosapUma no KOMilaTe, aMepUXaHlJ,a, cecTpa, lHJIHnn, Y'fUTeJlbHUu.a)
3UHbI, 6para)
4. Is he a professor of music? (npo4>eccop 4lH3HKll, npoJeccop XllMHR,

Yes, he lectures on music. npo4>eccop reorpa41UH, npocf>eccop .JIHTe-
Oil npoleccop MYJblKH? paT)'pbl, npocf>eccop HCTOpHH)
Aa. 6tI 'lIITlieT JlCKUHIt no Mj3w..-e.
0" Ilpo<peccOp MareMaTHxH?
Aa. 6ft 'lIITlieT ne..UH" no MaTeM3TMKe
He'll come on Scturday. (B 'leTBepr, B BOCXpecenbC, B W1~, BO

He usually comes Scturdays. BTOpHHJ:, B nOlleJI,enbtfHK, 8 Cy660Ty, B
Oil npu..aer 8 cy666ry. CpeAY)
OR 06bMto npHx6.rurr no cyfi66TllM.
OH npu..aer a cpCJI,y.
08 06bruto Dptlx6JI.MT flO Cpe.!l,liM.
DlSCUSSION: NOUN ENDINGS IN THE DATIVE
Singular
I. Those CT6JJ- and Ot'HO-nouns taking ~a in the genitive singular take -y in the dative singular;
those taking -11 in the genitive singular take -10 in the dative singular.
2. )Kcua- and ,/lBept.-nouns have identical fonns in the dative singular and the prepositional
singular; so, too, do the nouns HMH and BpeM1l.
Plural
Nouns taking -ax in the prepositional plural take -aM in the dative plural; tbose taking -HX
in the prepositional plural take -HM in the dative plural.
Stress
I. Stress in the dative singular is the same as that in the genitive and prepositional singular.
r----------
'IL __________
NOMSG GEN SG PREP so DAT sa
I CT6. CTO.a CTone CTony
I
I OTen on.\ OTu.e OTI.l.Y
I OX"O OKHa OKHl: OKay
I )!CeRa )lCeHe
I *eHbl )KCUe
I ran. ranH ran. ran.

I ,.,ePh ABepH JI.Bepu ,.,ePH
I o'tepe.ltb 6"1epe,llH O'tepenH o'lepe.!UI
I
I BoW' BpeMeHH BpCMeHH BptMeHH
IL __________
MaTb MarepH Ma-repu MaTepU
LESSON 15 349
2. Stress in the dative plural is the same as that in the prepositional plural.
1--------------------
I NOM PL GI::"N PL PREP PL DAT PL
~--------------------
,I CJlODa CJlOD CJlODaX CJlODaM
I CTO.JD:d crOJIOD cromix crOJIaM
OTu,b1 OTUOD OTUax OmaM
OKHa OKOH or OKOH OKHRX OKHaM
,ll,OCKH ,ll,ocOK ,ll,OCKax ,ll,OCKaM
)KeHbl )Ken )KeHaX )KeHaM
ceCTpbl cecrep cecrpax cecrpaM
napa" DapKeH napRJix napIDiM
JlBepu ,ll,Ilepeu llBepiix llBepliM
6<iepeltH O<iepelteH O<iepe,wix O<iepe,w:iM
opeMeHa BpeMeH BpeMeHax BpeMeHaM
MaTeP" MaTepeii MaTepn MaTepiiM
PYKH PYx PYKax pyK!lM
rOJIOBbl rOJIOD rOJIoB<lx rOnOBaM
~--------------------'---------------'
Dative constructions with BailO

MODELS
MHe mlllO noiini Ha nO<iTY. 1 need to go to the post office.

EMy _ He needs _
Eu - - - - - She needs _
I1M _ They need _
BaM _ You need _
HaM _ We need ,
Te6e _ You need ,
MHe HU.nO 6hlnO nOHTH B 6lf6J1HOTeKy. I had to go to lhe library.

EMy _ He _
Eu _ She _
I1M _ They _
BaM _ you _
HaM _ We _
Te6e - - - - - - - - you _
MHe Ha.nO 6Y.a.eT exaTb K po.ru'ITeJHIM. I'll have to go to my parents.

EMy _ He'll have his _
Eu _ She'll have her _
I1M _ They'll have _ _ their _ _,
BaM- - - - - - - You'll have _ _ your _ _,
HaM _ We'll have our _
Te6e _ You'll have _ _ your _ _,
REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the given models, noting that Hll.110 is typically used in infinitive constructions together with
the dative.
350 LESSON 15
QUF.STION-ANSWER DRIL.L.S
I. Is Zina going to (he collectil'e farm? 2. Did the secretary often go to the village?
Yes, she has to go there. Yes, he had to go there often.
31lHa eJleT 0 KOJlXOJ? CeKpeTft.pf. 'laCTO eJ,JlIUl B celiO?
as, eii Hbo TYAA eXaTb. as, eMf ..aCTO nbo wno TYJ],a ,hll,KTb.
Oner e,neT B KOJI.XOJ? ne-rp 'laCTO eJlUlJI B ce.no?
as, e.-.tY HaJlO TY.lS exan.. .lla, e....y 'lacro HaAo 6wJlo TYAa hlUfTb.
(pe6HTa, )"lHTeJlb, ee nOJlpyra, OTe/.(, ero (CTYAeUTbl, Y'lHTeJlbUHua, TOBapltlU Ua-
ponHTeJIH, ranH,6paT) panKHH, Marna, OTeQ, ee .nP)'3bll, oecrpa)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Is it possible Orlov doesn't know Galyo yet? 2. Galyo heard there was on interesting movie
Orlov has got to meet her. playing.
P<bBC Opnoo eute lie JUaeT ramo? She'll have to see it.
Op.11ooy IliAO C Heii 1I0JIISKOMHTbCH. rami cnblrnana, 'ITO lfJteT lIuTepecHblH
Pa3DC BOJlCJ,llJI Cute lie JUaeT r<iJJJO? (~IIJlbM.
BonoJl:c Hli)J,o C HeK nOJIISK6MHTf.CH. til ua.uo 6YAeT ero nOCMOTpCTb.
(Cawa, ero 6paT, ero ccC1'pa, lleByuJKH, E)paT CJJwwan, 'ITO lfJteT ""TepeCUblii
3Hlla, pc6l'lTa, TbI, OTCU.) 4lHlIbM.
EMy lIli.no 6YAeT ero UOCMOTpeTb.
(TbI, cecrpbl, MOl, :lKeH3, npoleccop, l'I,
npo.llaB11tHu.a, w<>$ep, CTY.llellThl)
3. Masha didn't manage (or how! time) to order 4. Oleg wallted 10 speak English.
tickets. He had to study English.
She has to go and order tickets. Oner XOTCn rOBOpHTh no-aHrJlHHCKH.
MalUa He ycnena 33JCaJ3Tb 61U1eTbl. Uty Hbo 6bLrto y'Ofn. aHrllliic"-Kii ilJW..-.
M Ha.aO noini 3aKal8n. 6H114ITbi. neeeu xott.n: rOBOpHTb no-aHTJlHKCKH.
npocl)Cccop ue ycneJl 33KaJaTh 6H1len... EMj "aAO WJlO y'llin. aurJUiiiclo.':Hii ilJIJiK.
My Hbo nom 3BKaJJin 6Mbbl. (.aeByuJKH, ee 1I0npyra, era TOBapltut, MX
(OTCU, BbI, 6paThl'l, MaTh, MbI, nonpynt, AP)'3bl'l, oecrpa, OTeI.t, 6paT, CTY.lleUTXa)
l'I, CeMeH, Tbl)
5. Kolya's parents are ill. 6. I was 01 the staliOrJ.

He must go to see his parellfs. I had (0 buy tickels.
PO,llHTeJ1" Komi 60nbllbl. .R 6blJl Ha CT3.HlUiH.
EMy HllAo exaTb K po.wheJIl'lM. Mile ml.!to 6wJIO KymCrb 6ltJleTbi.
PO,llliTeJ1H MalllH 60JlbUW. Dlla 6blJllI Ila CTaUltHH.
f:ii H3.JJ.O eXaTb K poJ],MTeJUIM. .ii 1ll1,/.l,O 6wJIO KyllMn. 6HJIeTbi.
(Ko3noBa, Oml, BaxTepa, HMKOJl:ul, (all, OHU, Thl, OHa, BbI, Mol, l'I)
MapuM, Bononll, wocpepa)
QUESTION-ANSWER DRIL.L
Why is Kolya in such a hurry? (Obl, TBOM TOBapHlUH, ee cecrpa, 3TH

He has to make it to the post office in time. ,/.I,eaywKJI, HOT napeHf., TBOH Ap)'3bH,
nO'IeMy KoJl.l'I rl.ro:: cneuJlh? npoAaButHLta, TbI, BonoJlJl)
EMy H8JJ.O ycuen. ua oO'I1"y.
nO'IeMy OHH rl.J: cnewfI.T?
"1'01 HSAO yene... Ha DO..-ry.
I...mON 15 351
DISCUSSION
Ha.no is an unchanging form used chiefly with infinitives to ex.press an urgent need to perform
some activity. The dative which usually accompanies lla.nO focuses on the person for whom the action
is necessary. In the past tense Ha.aO is followed by 6';1110; in the future by 6Y,ll,eT.
EMy lI:i.'1o 6blJlO nolin!: B roPOJI. He had (0 go downtown.
EMy lIiJlO 6Y.lleT noliTlf B rOpo.'1. He'U have to go downtown.
In colloquial Russian the infinitive is sometimes omilted. This is especially common with verbs
of motion where (he destination is mentioned.
Mile HMO Ha nOliT)'. I need (0 go to the post office.
MHe lui.no 6buio Ha yp6K. I had to go to class.
The combination He HiJIo is often used as a plea that the addressee no' do something. Infinitives
used with He Hi.ao are always imperfective.
He HliJlO 06 nOM rOBopm. Don', talk about that.
MOJKIIO OTKpbrTh oKHa? Is it all right to open the windows?
- HCT, He aillo (OTKpbloaTh (ncoH). No, don', (open the windows).
Note that H8JJ.O and the short-form neuter adjective Hy*HO are often interchangeable in infinitive
constructions.
EMy ny*1IO 6buio cnewHTb. He had to hurry.
EMf mino 6buio _ Hehad _
Mile UY.HO nOMTH Ha nOliT)'. I've got to go to the post office.
Mile Hilto _ I've got _
The past tense of the imperfective verb HIITH

and its prefixed perfective derivatives
MODELS
th6 WilO B KHtlO '] What was playing at the movies?

- llIen aMcpHKllHCKHU !pHnbM. An American film was playing.
- liml aMepHK3.IICKaJl Kapnflla. An American picture was playing.
- IlInH aMepHK3.IlClme IPHnhMbl. American films were playing.
nOCJJe neKL1,I1H Oil nOWCIJ .nOMO. After the lecture he went home.
______ oml nOUUla _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ she went __.
______ OHH nownH _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ they went _ .
K.h: npowen yp6K 1 How did the lesson go?

__ npown6 c06pAHue 1 _ _ did the meeting go 1
__ npowna neKIJ.HJI? _ _ did the lecture go 1
__ npoUUlH 3KJaMeHbl1 _ _ did the exams go?
6H BOWen B lCoMHaTy. He entered the room.
OHa BOUUla _ She entered _
OHH BOUUlH _ They entered _
352 l.SSON I 5
611 lIa MllIlyn:y 3awen B 6H6J1110TCJ.,y. He dropped by the library for a minute.
Omi 3awna _ She dropped by _
Mw 3awJlli . We dropped by _
6u npllwCJJ nocne o6e.a.a. He came after lunch (or in the afternoon).
Omi npIIWJl3 _ She came _
Omi npllwJllt _ They came _
Oner TonbKO TO BWWeJI. Oleg just stepped oul.

3"Ha Bwwna. Zina _ stepped out.
JJ.e8yutKH BblUlnH. The girls __ stepped out.
REPETITION PRACTICE
Repeat the above models, noting particularly tbat aU perfective verbs derived from Mll'TIi are pat-
temed alike in the past tense.
SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. How did your lesson go? 2. Volodya entered the dining hall.
K3K y sac npowen ypOK? lkmolUl DOrneJI S CTOlIOSYW.
KaK y sac npowno co6piHHe? OHH sowmi 0 CTon6s)'IO.
(3Dar.tellbl, o6e,ll, neKUHJI, yrpo, apeMJI, (olla, CT)',lleHTbI, 3Hlla II Oner, }"lHTC1lb
He,llen~,cy660Ta,TaHUbI) CeMeHOS, Hanwa, KaTR It HHua)
I. I'm on my way to the station. 2. The lesson will go wel/.

J Wlls on my way to the station. The lesson went well.
.s1 UJJ.Y ua criHUIlIO. Yp6K npoitue-r xoporn6.
A lUen H8 C11lJtlUno. Yp6K upoweJl xopow6.
611 It,lleT H8 CTalllJ)ilO. Co6paJlHe npoitueT xopowo.
OH weJl H8 CT8J1ltHJ(). C06paHlle DpotWIO xopowo.
(OHII, Obi, Olla, ero TooapllW, Mbl, napeHh, (:na J~IMa. 3Ta He.a.eJUI, 3KJaMellbl, DpeM$l,
6paTb~) JleKltHJI, se'lep, cy660Ta. 06eJJ,)
3. He'll stop by the library. 4. They'll enter the coach.

He stopped by the library. They eflfered the coach.
611 Jali,lleT B 6H6J1110reKy. OMit DOI1.a.y-r S Bar61l.
Oil 3ameJI B 6H6.rIHoTeKy. OIlM aOlWIH 0 8arOIl.
011" Jal1,lJ,y-r D 6H6J1HOTCKy. Marna BOH,neT u naron.
OMli :J8U1J11i B 6H6JIHOTeKy. MaUla oowmi B 8al-(1II.
(ThJ, Olla, Dbl, CTy.a.eHTbl, npoeccop, ()"IHTeJlbHHl.(a, ce cecrPI>I. ee 6paT, TOOH
y'lHTemi, yHTenbHHU3, TBOH T08apHUlH) TODapIlUlIl, Mbl, 011, Dbl, Tbl, Oner)
I. J had to stop by the house. 2. Katya had to go out of the house.

I stopped by the house. Karya went out of the house.
M He IIbo 6bmO JaHnt JJ,oMo~L KaTe Ha,110 6bmo DblllTH H3 ,llOMy.
A J&1Uen ,llOMoi. Kin 8buunl Ih ,llOMy.
HaM IIbo 6bmO 3aAni ,lloMoA. OTl~ Ha,110 6bmo SWHTH "J ,llOMy.
Mw JaJ.IJJIIi ,llOMON. On~q obu.uen HJ ,llOMy.
(npo4Jeccopy, nOJJ,pyraM, Te6e, xeHe, COnery, c:CcTpaM, MaTepH, saM, Y'I.IlTeJ1IO,
oaM, w<XPePY, aMepHKaHKe) HaM, JJ,esytUKaM, eA)
LESSON 15 353
3. I didn'l want to go Ol'er (0 him. Mbl He XOTClIH JC HeM)' n0J10iiTH.
I didn'l go over 10 him. Mbi K He.",} He IJOJ1OlDJtli.
A He xoTtn K HeM)' nOJ1oiiTu. (MaTh. OTell, cecT3.. 6paThJl .upyr,
Jl K HeM} He UOAOUJe.n. POJlHTeJtH, KOllJl, J1PY3bJl)
QUESTION-ANSWER ORILLS
I. Where were you hurrying to lllSl nighl? 2. Will Ko/ya go 10 the post office?
I was 011 my way (0 the movies. He has already gone.
Ky.ua Tbl cncUJ!.tll 8'1epa ae'lepoM? KonJl noii.ueT IIU n6'1Ty?
Jl well B KUIIO, On }"i'e nowen.
KYJ1a oarna CCCTp8. cnernIDIa 8'1Cpa Era :lKeHa noii.ner !fa n6'fTY?
BC'fCPOM '/ DlIli y.-i IJOUL'I8..
Qua lWIa 8 KMHO, (on, HX y60pWuua, TBOH 6paTbJl,
(Bbl, OH, OHM, THOJI )"IMTeJlbHHu,a, THOii Jho60Bb ne"Jl>OBI.la, THOU TOBapHm)
TOBapHlQ neTpOB, CTYJ1eHThl, 3TOT
napenb)
She's walking along lhe street. nOll.pYrH HJ1YT no Ynuuc.

She was walkillg a/ollg the streel. nOllp)'I'" nun'i 110 YJlHl.le.
Olia HJleT no yJHfll,e. (MW, npo.uaBUlHl.la, Bbl, BonollJl, cCcTPW.
QHa wmi no YJtHlIe. OTen, MaTh, Qner)
DISCUSSION
The past tense of IIJ{TIi 10 be going is based on an alternate root and has the following fornu:
I em) wen I (0 mni I (n) ","6/ (PI) mnH I

All the prefixed perfective derivatives of HJtni have pasts built on these same forms. With the
exception of BblWen:, BblUIJI8, BbnunO, and BbuwuI (from Bbliint to go out), whcre the stress is con-
sistently drawn to the prefix BW-, the stress is always on the last syllable of the past tense fonn.
PAST . lNANTTIVE
nowen nOUUla noUUlO nOlllJllt: nom to go

BOllleJI OOWll3 BOlllJlO BOWmt: BOrn to enter
3alllen 3awJla 3aw.nO Jaw"" uiiTJi to drop in
npuwen nPHIllna npHIllno nplflUm'i: npllkni to come
npowe.n nPOlllna npown6 npolllllH upoiini to pass, go, go by,
go through
no.uoUIen no.nowJH\ nOllOWJlO no.nowmt: nOlloiin'i to go up to, approach
nepeUIcn nepelllJl3 nepelllno nepewllH nepcifni to go across, cross
354 LESSON 15
Suggestions that include the speaker:
part II-imperfective verbs
MODELS
AaaaitTe C~OTpen. ClUiMKH. Let's look at snapshots!

_ _ _ Hrpan. 8 dpTbf. __ play cards!
_ _ _ CJlYm3Tb nn3cmHlm. __ listen to records!
____ 06eJl:an. B CT01l680". __ eat dinner in the dining hall!
_ _ _ min. 'fai1. __ drink tea!
_ _ _ paooTaTb lIMCcTe. __ work together!
____ nen. nec"u. __ sing some songs!
.QaBaitTe 6YlleM CMOTpCTb CHJiM.m. Let's look at snapshots!

_ _ _ _ _ _ "'l)llTh B kapTbl. __ play cards!
_ _ _ _ _ _ CJIYrn3Tb nnaCTIttUClf. __ listen to records!
_ _ _ _ _ _ 0&;'O'31'b B CTonoBoH. __ eat dinner in .the dining hall!
_ _ _ _ _ _ min. 'laM, __ drink lea!
_ _ _ _ _ _ pa66TaTb uMcCTe. __ work together!
_ _ _ _ _ _ nen. neelUl. __ sing some songs!
J],auaH're He 6Y.ueM 06 )TOM rOBOpI-fTb. Let's not talk about it!

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ XODirrb ua era JleKUlfll. ____ go 10 his lecture!
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ o6e.ll.aTb B CTonOooH. ____ eat dinner in the dining hall!
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pa60Tan. no cy666TaM. ____ work on Saturdays!
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ OTXpbfa3Tb OKon. ____ open the windows!
_ _ _ _ _ _ ry.n3. CJIDITb. ____ go there!
RY'fwe He 6yneM cerOlllLM paOOTaTb. We'd better nol work today.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ cerOJlWl' TaHuesaTb. ______ dance today.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ cero,UWI cnan. H3 ,llBope. ______ sleep outdoors today.
_ _ _ _ _~ OOJlbWe rynA bAHTb. ______ go there anymore.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ OOJlbWe C "liM" Hrp3.Tb. ______ play with them anymore.
_______ 6611bUJe 06 nOM nyMaTh. ______ think about it anymore .
R.EPETITION PRACTICE
Repeat the given models, noting the alternate ways in which suggestions that include the speaker
and employ imperfective verbs may be expressed .
I. Want to look at snapshots? 2. Shall we talk about il?

Fine, let's look at snapshots. No, let's not talk aboul it
Xonhe CMOTJ*n. CHHMICH? Mbi 6Y.ueM rOBoprn 06 hOM?
Xopomo, AAsaiiTe c ~ auOtKH. HiT, .uauiiTe He 6Y.ueM rOBOpKn. 06 iTO!tf.
Xonhe miTh 'l3.M? Mbi 6Y.ueM nHcaTb 06 :hOM?
Xopow6, D.llUHTe min. 'laM. HeT, .uaJUi.iiTe He6YJJ.e.\f OHcaTh 06 iT()M.
(cnymaTh WlaCTHHKH, 'fHTaTh cntXH, (cnpawHBaTb 06 3TOM, ero :.!laTh,
Y'fHTh PYCCKHM 1I3b1K:, pa60TaTh Oe'fepoM. CJJywaTb pa,zuto, arpaTh B WaXMaTb.l,
HrpaTh B KapThI, 06e.uaTb B cTonoBoM. eMy 3BOHHTb, CT05lTb B O'fepeJJ.H. eMy
nen. nCCHIt) OTBe'laTb)
LESSON 15 355
3. Do you want to work today? 4. Shall we read today?
No, let's not work today. No, let's read IOmorrow instead.
Bbl xonhe cer6.1UUl pa66T3Tl.? Mbl 6Y.nCM cer6AHjI 'l1tT3.Th?
Her. nY'IlUe He 6yJJ,eM ceroAIUI pa60TaTL. HeT, Jly'llUe 6Y,/l,eM 'UlTan. 3a8Tpa.
By XOnfTe cero,O,H,. Hrp3.Th B dpTbf? Mbi: 6Y.nCM cer61lu" cn9w3Th .lVku?
Her, .'Ij-uue He 6y,O,eM cerO.loul 1U"p3.n. B Her, Jlruue 6YAeM cnjwan. 388Tpa.
ripTW? ()"tun. cnoaa, nHean. nHCbMO, HrpaTb B
(mtcaTh 3<U1BJleHHe, 'lltT3Th CTHXH, WaXMaThl, CMOTpeTb CHHMXH, T3.Hu.eBaTh,
o6e.naTh B CTonOBOH, T3.Hu.eOaTh, coaTh HCKaTh pa60TY)
1Ia llBOpe, OeTb poM3HCbI)
RESPONSE DRILL
They're playing tennis. all" 'lHT3.IoT :lICypHan.

Let's play too! J],aaaii To::e 'lHThL!
am! HrpaJOT 0 TeHHHc. (CM01'p"T CIIHMKH, TalU.(ylOT, o6enalOT,
J],aoaii To*e HrphL! CWlT, IU..l.wr "ltry)
DISCUSSION
In affirmative suggestions that include the speaker and use imperfective verbs, ,a,aDaR (or .llwifre)
may be followed either by the infinitive alone or by 6YAe.\I plus tbe infinitive: )].aoaH 'lHrln. (or
JJ.aoaii 6y,neM 'lHT3.Tb) Let's read!
In negative suggestions employing imperfective verbs, 6YAeM cannot be omilled. JIy<tWe is often
used instead of .Ilaali..i (,aaaUre): Aa.saH De 6YlleM 'lHT3.Tb (or JIY'wIe He 6y,a,eM 'lHT3.Tb) Let's
not read!
Impersonal constructions using the subjectless third person plural verb

MODELS
rODopliT, B'lepa 6btno co6p3HHe. They say there was a meeting yestcrday.
MHe roOOPHJlH, 'ITO Il'lepa 6bIJ1O c06paHHe. I was told there was a meeting yesterday.
Y)Ke oTKpLloaJOT .llBepll. They're already opening the doors.
3.neCb npoJJ,aWT pbl6y. Fish is sold here or They sell fish here.
Cx6po OTKpOJOT .llBePli. They'll soon open the doors.
MHe. He JJ,a.njT paJpewemt,.. They won't give me a pass.
TaKHC ./lOMa nori3L101U<lT T)'pHCTaM. That's the kind of houses they show tourists.
Tenepb Cfl)OHT nOMa All" KonX03I1HKOO. Houses are now being built for the farmers .
I. They sell fish. Oui! rOBopJiT no-aHrmiiiCKH.

They sell fish here or Fish is sold here. OH" nOHHMOOT no-pyccKH.
Owl: OPOD,3KlT pw6y. 0"" ,/laKlT nponycd.
l.lJkl,. DPO.D:aKrr pY6y. ami OT.Il.blUJoT mhOM.
am! n0K33bl8aK>T 4>HnbMbl. OH" npo.naKlT nOllep-MaHHble semo.
3JJ,ecL noK3.3L1B81()T eJlKnbMLI.
356 LESSON I5
2. Who told him? 3. We'll close the doors.
Why was he toid? They'll soon close the doors or The doors
KTo cMj cK33an? will soon close.
nO"teMY eM}' CK333J1K? Mbi 3aKpOeM Jt.BCpu.
KTo cMj pa.3peWUJI? Ckopo UKpOH>T ltBipH.
nO"leMj eMj pa:JpernM.IIK? Mbi OTKpOeM MepU.
(noc.naJI, )l.3.II, nQtcaJaJI, npo,/.{aJI, 3BOlUUI, CK6po OTICpOH>T .I:lUpK.
HanHC3JI, OTtcp~n,3arrnaTKn, Mw lIam11l1eM 06 nOM 8 ra.3tTe.
npe,llJlol!KH./I) Mbi paJpeWHM C3,/.{HTb 80 BJlallHBOCTOIt".
Mw nOtcaJKeM ny npTHHy.
Mw OTXpOeM co6phHe.
Mb.t npuHeeeM oGe,1J,.
4. The administrator will gh'e us a room. AzlMHlIHCTp:iTOp HaM nod.xeT Tearp.

They'll give us a room or We'll be gj~'en a A.nMHHHCTplnop HaM 06 3TOM Hamiwer.
room. A,llMHIIHCTp8.TOP HaM Pa3peWHT Ty,1J,a
AzlMHUHCTpaTOp HaM ,/.{~kr 1I0Mep. noexaTh.
HaM ,1J,a$ HOMCp. A,1J,MHtlHCTphop lIaM nocoBlhyeT Ky.na
A,1J,MHIIHCTphop HaM O'I"Kp6eT ,/.{Bepb. noHTH.
HaM OTICpOJOT ,/.{BepL. A,llMmmCTpaTOP naM 06 :hOM CKa*eT.
AzlMUHHCTp{tTOp "'1M n03BOHItT B 'lac.
RESPONSE DRILL QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Who sits like that? Willlhey gh'e you a pass '!

That's no way to sit! or People don't sit They already did.
like that! Te6e na.aYr np6nycK?
KTo til( cHJUh? MHe y;ke AinK.
T aK He cHJJ.JiT! Te6e HanHwyt" 06 nOM?
KTO TaK paooTaer? Mae y;ke HllIIHCliJIH.
TSK He paOOTaJOT! Te6e p33pelllaT H3MemiTh HAUl?
(nHweT, 'lHTaCT, urpaeT, CTOIlT, Te6e OTaenlT H3 Il0c0JlbCTBa?
TaHuycT, rOBOpI1T) Te6e n0380HJiT C paOOThl?
Te6e nOKfuKyr CHHMKH?
Te6e KynRT I'I0PT<PeJlb?
). I can'l sleep. 2. He couldll't speak.

They don't let me sleep. They wouldn't let him speak.
A lie MOrj cnaTL. 611 lie MOl" rOBOpHTh.
MHe He ,/.{aJOT CUSTL, EM$' He Aa:BimI rOBOpH-n.,
A He MOrj paOOTaTL. 6H He Mor cnpocHTb.
MHe He ,/.{atOT paOOnTL. EMy He aaaiJul copo<::Hn.,
(nHeaTh, 'lHTaTL, CJlywan., ,l.{}'MaTL, 6H He Mor O1~e'laTh.
HrpaTL) 6H He MOr OTXPblTh co6pAHHe.
6H He Mor CJlYwaTb p:1,nH0.
6u lie MOl" OTJ10XIrj'n..
611 lie Mor XOJ1HTh B KHIIO.
LESSON 15 357
DISCUSSION
The third person plural verb without a subject is used when the aClion is attributed to an
indefinite group. The speaker either does not know the source of the action or finds it convenient
not to mention the source, for example, if it is attributed to officials in power. Such constructions
may be rendered variously in English, for example, rOBOpH-r flley say, people say, if'S said.
Such constructions are often used where English would use the passive voice.
MHt~ rOBOpH.n:lf, 'ITO 3aBTpa 6YAeT 3K3aMeH. I was told there'd be an exam tomorrow.
Y)l(e OTKpblB<ltOT ,llBeplf. The doors are being opened already.
3Aecb rOBopHT no-pYCCKlf. Russian is spoken here.
4TEHI1E H nHCbM6
358 LESSON 15
- liOpHC M HxaijJlOBH't, y BaC HeT .a.epeaJlIIHOrO Aw,Hxa?
- ECTb, a 0 BaM?
33'leM
- MHe Hy::HO nOCJTaTb p0Jl.HTeJUIM npourpblsaTellb.
- A p3..38C Y HHX B KOIlxo3e CcTh )JlelITpH'ieCTBo?
- .lla, OCTb. .st .a.30HO XOTM Kynihb liM npolirpblBaTenb H BOT KynHll. AYMalO, 'ITO
:ho 6YlleT XOp6W~H []oJJ.apoK )VUI HHx.
- CKaJlGhe, HHKomHi, y BaC 8 KOJIX03e XOpOWHe H36bl?

- ,ll,a, O'leHb xopOulHe.
- Itt BO,lJ,Onpo8011 ecn, ?
- Her, Bononpooo.na Her. Ho y HaC MHoro KOnO,llues H xop6wee o3epo. .l{a " mOA"
H<\WH npH8buurn HOCHn. BO,lty, J.U.1 He TJlY.u.HO.
- MHe CTpaHHO JTO c.nhlwaTb. Y mic B AMepHKe Bee COOceM Hua.'fe.
- lfTO :ho TaM CTposn?

- KaJKeTCjl ,ll,OMa lVBI KOJlx63HHKOB.
- 6, KClMeHHhle!
- )].a. B OroHbKe Hen.aoHo 6blJl 06 :hOM O'lepK.
- Ax n3.,
li 'lHTM, 110 He 3Uan, 'ITO :ho 06 .:hOM KOJlx63e.
- Aa, B 3nfX H68blX nOM3x, rOBop.li-r, 6Y.a.eT 3J1eKTpHP.JeCTBO H JJ.3.:lKe BO.ltOnpoaon.
- Jla uy? J.1 Bee y.a66cTBa? BaHHbl.e, y6opHble?
- 3Toro Ji He 3H,ho.
- A TeJle<Jx}n?
- He lJ,yMalO.
- 3HaeUJl., Oner. Ji Y'Ke npHBwK 3lJ,OCl.. B ropone, K 3neKTpii'lecTBy H panHo, a BOT

npnexan HelJ,3.BHO B HAw lConx63 H - HH'IerO TaM He,-. CTpaHHO lJ,aJKe, KaK mo.aH MOfyr
:lKHTl. 6e3 3THX yno6cTB!
- A Be.o,l. Hd caM Tb >Kun, KOnIa .nOMa 6bl:n.
- )la Ji )')Ke H He nOMHfO 06 :hOM - Tax naBUO :ho 6bJnO.
- A BOT KOH'mwl. yHiIBepcHTer, MO)l(eT 6b!Tl. 6Y.aewl. B CB<>eM KonX03e pa66TaTl..
OmiT(, npHBblKHewh.
- Her! $i B Konx63e pa60TaTh He 6Y.ay, He xO'ly. BnpO'leM, KOfAa ,j KOU'Iy, MO:lKeT
6blTh TaM y)l(e 6Y.aer :meKTpH'IeCTBO.
- rami, nOMHHTe, Ji BaM noKA3hIBaJl CHlfMKH cj>a6pHKH. rAe pa60TaeT MO OTeU?

- )la . ..s1 ce6e HHa'ie npe.llCTaBJlJina aMepHK8.IICKHe cj>a6pHKH.
- Bb! lJ,3JKe, K3.:lKeTC}(, He nOBepHJlH MHe, nph.aa"
- HeT. c1lHlumn. Ji BaM noeepKJIa, TOJlhKO Ji y)l(e npHBbIlma HHa'le .aYMaTh 06
AMepKKe.
- A 3HaeTe, KOrll,3. Ji CfO/.la eX3Jl, Ji TOJKe Bee ce6e HHa'le npell,CT3BnJ:in.
- BaWH cryneHTbl y'IaT aHfmHicKKii: }(3bl:K?

- )l.a, H HeKOTopble }')ICe Rennoxo roBOpJiT. Bbi C HH:M:H p<l3Be He rOBopliJIH?
- rOBOpHn, HO no-pYCCJ:H. Tb :lKanh! Jt He 3Han, 'ITO Oml: rOBopJiT no-aHrmfHCKH.
- )la, a Ji leaK ph JJ.YMan cnpocHTh BaC, rOCnOll,HH rpaHT, Ka~ OHB rOBopJiT.
-..st 3aBTpa 3aHlJ,y K BaM H noroBoplO C HHMH.
LESSON 15 359
LESSON 16
CJly"laH (s!utij) case, occasion, incident, event, chance

neC"IaCTIIl..IH [Qi~asnjj) unbappy, unfortunate
Hec"laCTHbIH CJly'laH accident, unfortunate incident
IOPKii HHKOJlllCSK'I, il,aBHO de He 8H):{CJI! Yury Nikolaevich, I haven't seen you for a
long time!
'ITO 3TO [!t6eI~) why, why is it, how come
A 'fT6 lTO 8W TaK NJIeTe? But why are you walking like tbat?
Obi pa3Be He CJlWUJaJIH? You mean you haven't heard?
HOra (ace sg Hory) leg, fool
CJlOMaTb (pfv I), cnoMalO, -eWb, -lOT to break
Jt CJ]OMM eWe HOI)'. I broke my leg.
ynacn. (pfv I) (ful ynaJ,tj, --eWb, -iT; to fall, fall down
past yoan. -a, -0, -H)
Jt yuan H CJI0Man ce6e HOry. I fell and broke my leg..
'IYrb He almost, all but, nearly
Jt '1Yrb He cnOMin ce6e Hory. I almost broke my leg.
J1: ymiJi H .. y-n, He CJJOMU ce6e u6l-y. I fell and almost broke my leg.
&6:lKC Moii! good heavens! my goodness! my God!
Ax TW. f)6;e Moil! Oh for heaven's sake!
cnY'nrrbCR(pry II) to happen
KliK :a;e iTo cnyoui'lOCb? How in the world did it happen?
npe.ll.CT3.BIlTb (pfv II), npenCT:lBJJIO, to present, introduce

-BHWb, -8RT
upe:nctiBHTb ce6e to imagine
npellCTasbTe ce6e! Imagine! or Just imagine!
JJCcTHHUa nesQic;)] stairway, stairs, ladder
npeJ],CTaSbTe ce6e! 3TO CJlY'HrnOCb Ha Imagine! It happened on the stairway.
JJCcTIUlue.
361
BHH3 down, downstairs
BHH3 no JlCcTHHue down the stairs
.s1 WeJl Bmb no JlCCTHHue. I was going down the stairs.
BJlPyr suddenly, all of a sudden
H BJlpyr ynan and suddenly fell
.s1 wen Bmb no nccTlmue H BJlPyr ynan. I was going down the stairs and suddenly fell.
npettCTWU,Te ewe, DIM POlD nO Hlimeit Imagine! I was going down our stairs and
Jlk:Ttnme H BttPYr you, suddenly fell.
HeC'laCTbe [\li~casti~] bad luck, misfortune, unhappiness

BOT lIeC'IaCThe! What an unlucky break!
aeHCTBHTeJJbHO really, indeed
BOT, D:eHCTBHTCJlbHo, oec"laCTI.e! That was really an unlucky break!
r.rrjnOCTb (f) foolishness, stupidity, nonsense

npOCTO r.rrjnOCTb! It was plain stupidity!
IlleCTHaa.uaTb ~isnat<:;)n sixteen
nt':T (gen pi of ro,ll, year) years
weCTHaa.uaTb mh sixteen years
lliecTHanuaTb nCr XOlKY no I've been walking up and down those
.:lTOH nCCTHHue. stairs for sixteen years.
OCTOp(nKHblii., OCTOPOlKHO careful, carefully
(short form OCTopO)I(eH, -)I(Ha,
-1.1)
-0,
WecTtUI1J.U8TI> Jlh xmKy DO :hoit I've been walking up and down tbose
JlecTlDDlC, BcertUi tik OCTOp6*eu, stairs for sixteen years, always [being) so
a TjT BnpYr yoaJl! careful, and all of a sudden I fall!
Bdnlii anyone, anybody, any'

co BCl1KHM to anybody (lit. with anybody)
3ro co BCtiKHM MO"'eT CJlyaufn.CiI. It can happen to anybody.
06panfTbcSl (pfv II) [abratitc:)] to consult, tum to, address
06P8:WYCb, 06panl:WbCR, -l1TCR
Bw k KOMy 06paTlLrrHcb? Whom did you consult., or What doctor
did you see'?
K OeHIlOBY, Osipov.
BpAtl, -a; -H,-eH physician, doctor

6H XOPOWHH Bpa'l. He's a good physician.
HeCHMnaTlI'lHblH not likable, not nice, not personable
00 XOpOUlHH Bpa"l, HO "IeJlOBeK He's a good physician, but not a likable person.
HecHMD8"I'H"lHw:H.
unfeeling, cold, impersonal (lil.

without soul, heartless)
KaKOH-TO a, an; kind of, some kind of
00 6e3JJ.YIIJHWH KaKOii-TO, He's kind of cold and unfeeling.
yrna soul, heart, feeling

.ll.a ]8"1eM BaM JtYlUa? What's feeling got to do with it?
CneUHaJlHCT specialist
BaM CDl'l.lH8J1HCT oY:eu. You need a specialist.
362 LESSON 16
"ph, -a, -0, --hi right
BY upUlol, KOfIe-nlO, You're right, of course.
a6KTOp,-a;nOKTOpa,-oB doctor
J1 He J]Io6mO XOAHTb K nOKTopfLM. I don't like going to doctors or I hate
going to doctors.
Kale Ii He mOOJUO XOnM1::b How I hate going to doctors!
K nOlCTOpaM!
SUPPLEMENT
BO Bd:KOM CJIi'!ae in any case, anyway, in any event
Bo BCHKOM CJIY'fae, " B MocKBy In any case, I won't go to Moscow.
He noeA)'.
HaBCpx up, upstairs
noll.D.eM 1(0 MHC HaBCpX. Let's go upsta.irs to my room.
rnYnJ:.lH foolish, silly, dumb, stupid
KaKb OHa rnynaJI! How foolish she is!
yMHWH wise, intelligent, smart. clever
QHa TaKlUI yMHaJI! She's so clever (or wise)!
CHMnanf'fHblH nice, likable
On 6'ieHh CHMnaTlI'iHbIH 'ienOBCK. He's a very nice person.
ron, -a year
B 3TOM rom' this year
Ph B r6.o. Ii ~x:y 8 >urry. Once a year I go to Yalta.
B 3TOM rom' Ii T)'M He noeA)'. This year I won't go there.
MecHU month; moon
B jTOM MecHue this month
ABa pll.3a B MecHU Mb! C3AlWH Twice a month we went to the city.
B r6pan.
B jTOM MecHue Mb! Tyna He noenCM. This month we won't go there.
C.n. - CeprCH nhnOBH'i IO.H. -lOpUH HHIWnaeOlf'i
c.n. lOp"" HHKOmieBH'l:, n3BHo BAc HC BHAM! A 'iTO :ho Bbi TaK H,lleTe1 1
IO.H. 2 Bbi p!l3ee He cnbtW3Jut 1 .s1. yoan H 'fYrb He CJlOMan ee6e HOry.
c.n. 3 Ax Tbl, Iio:IKe MCK!2 Kh :IKe :ho cnYlfHllocb 7
IO.H. 4 npe,ltCTllBbTe ce6C, Well BHH3 no HaWen necTIIHue " BAPyr ym'uJ.
c.n. 5 BOT, ,neHCTBHTeJ1bHO, HeclfaCTbC!
IO.H. 6 np6cTo rnYnOCTb!

OCTopO:lKeH, 3 * llIeCTR<Ur.u3Tb
B,npyr ynan!]
ne-r xoX<j no :hon neCTlIHUe, Bcer,l~a TaK
en. 7 3TO co BCslKHM MO:IKeT cnYlfHThCJI. Sbl K KOMy 06p3T1fnHCb?
LESSON 16 363
IO.H. 8 K 6cHnooy. 6H XOpOUJHH opa'l, HO 'ICll00CK HccHMnaTH'IHbIH. 6C3.llYWHbrH
KaKoH-To.
c.n. 9,[{a 3a'leM BaM JJ.ywa 1 BiLM cllcUHa.mlCT Hy>KCH.
IO.H. 10 Bbl llpaobJ, KOHe'lHo. KaK si: HC m06mo XOLlHTb K JJ.OKTOpaM!
NOTES I "Iro :ITO, 'fT6 and even 'lef"O in a more colloquial style are often substituted
for ltO"leMj why in spoken Russian. Stylistically this is something akin to the collo-
quial English how come: "Iro no aW ... Hi.... He 3ax01lKTe? How come you don't
drop in to see us?
266r God is one of the few Russian nouns with a vocative form: ooa;e!
The expression liO",e MOii! is a stock phrase with its own special word order. It is
not as strong as the English My God! but is rather like Good heavens! or My good-
ness! In Soviet publications. the word for God is written with a small initial letter.
The form neT, which functions as the genitive plural ofrolt"year with numbers
J
and adverbs of quantity, is actually the genitive plural of nero summer. Compare
oroffi rOA with Mllom ncr, wecmllAnaTb JleT. (Consider the poetic use of English
summers as, for example, in "She was sixteen summers old.") The regular genitive
plural form rOlloR is very rarely used. roJt also has alternate forms in the nominative
plural: roJXbl and rOlla.
Although .lIYm3. literally means soul, it is often best translated as hearl, in
the sense of empathy or sympathetic character. Note that the adjective oo~
is formed from 6e3 without and ,IQ'lUa.
'1YRCTBOBaTb ce6J;J (1)1 to feel

'1yRCTIJyH), '1YuCTsyewb, -.aT
KaK RW: ce6JI "lYscmye..-e? How do you feel?
rophno by far, much, considerably
rOp8.:tllO .rrY'IllIe, lI6KTop. Much better, doctor.
st nom C8000llHO xo",y. I have almost no trouble walking. (Lit. I
walk almost freely.)
.lli*e CMOr IlellJKtlM K 88M I was even able to come to your
DptliiTIi. office on fool.
COKni (pfv I) (/ike noATH) to go off, get off, come (or go) down
yM, -a mind. sense
coiini: c yM8. to go (or be) out of one's mind. to go
(or be) crazy
Are you out of YOOT mind?
, Forms of ..yIlCUOllan. are Simplified in speech. 11K: first a should never be pronounoed. 11It sccond a may abo be
dropped so Ihal in rapid speech 'Iy.n.yae is usually pronounced ltultuj\il. (Compare Ihis with lAP'K'noyiTe, which is
usually pronounced julnlsluj\ij or, in very rapid speech. [u1rl1M\iU
364 LESSON 16
.st DaM CK833..n XO,lJ,UTb T6J1bKO I told you to walk only about the room.
no K6MH8Te.
nOJl'taca half an hour
B lU:Hb per day, a day
BaM MO)ICHO XO.nHTb TOJlbKO You can walk only half an hour a day.
nOJ1'taca B Aellb.
T6 then
.st *e BliM oca3an xoroin roJJ.....'O But I told you to walk only about the room
no K6MHaTe H TO He 66nwue. and then not more than half aD hour
..e~t lIOJI'taca B JJ.eHb. a day.
CTaH08ltTbC1I (II) [st;)nayitQ] to become, get, grow, step
CTaH08JUOCb. CTaH6BHWbC1I. -JITCSI
MHe CTaH68IfTC1I J1y..we. I'm getting better or I'm improving.
'teM ... TeM ... the ... the ...
'teM oonbwe, TeM nY'twe the more the better
4eM oonLwe li xox.:y, TeM nY'lwe The more I walk, the better I get.
Mile CT:rnOBIITCJI.
Ka33.ThCJI (I) (past KaJa..nOCb. pres Kb.::eTCJI) to seem
MHe KaJ3..nOCb, liTO ,.tHe CTaHOBHTC1I It seemed to me I was improving.
nyllwe.
"JBKmlTe. J1.0","TOp, KO MIle ...'"8.3i.rI0Cb, "ITO Excuse me. doctor. but it seemed to
'tiM 66JJbl1Ie li xoo.i. TiM Jly"llUe me the more J walked. the more
Me craH08HTC$t. I improved.
oGpaW3.TbC1I (I) [abrUtatc}] to consult. tum to. address, go (or come) to
06pamalOCb, 06pamaelllLCJI, -K>TCJI
3alleM Dbi KO MHe 06pama..nHcb? Wby did you consult me?
BooGme in general, at all
3a'teM Bb! Boo6me KO Mile 06paminHCb? Why did you [bother toJ consult me
at all?
"pa8IfTbC1I (n) [nrayit(;:;)} to like, please, appeal to
HpaamOCb. Hpa8HUlbCSI, -JlTC1I
TaK, Kl1K 8aM HpaBIITC1I just as you please, exactly as you like
eCJJH ;f
ECJIH Bbi ,uenaeTe d.-. KSK aiM If you do just as you please, then
upaBH1'CH, TO 38'tCM Rbi Tor.n:a why do you bother to consult me
aoo6lQc KO Mile 06panuiJlHcb? at all?
ceP,lJ,(lTbCSI (II) [~irQitc;)] to be angry, to be mad
cep)l(yCb, cePAlllllbCSI, -SlTCll
He Cep,lJ,UTCCb, .n:6KTop. Don't be angry, doctor.
T6'H1bIH; TO'tHO exacl, precise; exaclly, precisely
.sf 6YAY ,ae..naTb Bee TOIIHO TaK, I'U do everything ex.actly as you say.
K3.K 8b! CK3.JKe're.
He Cep.wf"recb, ,lJ,OKTOp, tl 6yJJ.Y Don't be angry. doctor; I'll do
.llellan. BCe TO"fHO nK .-liK Rbi everything exactly as you say.
c.-ai:eTe.
LeSSON 16 365
Hy, xopornO. nOKa:lKMTe ~U1e Well. all right. Show me your leg.
H6ry. Lla. HtIlJlOXO. Yes, not bad.
60neTh (II) to ache, hurt, pain

Y MeHli 60nifT Hora. My leg (or foot) hurts.
OHa y MeKli: nom CO&eeM He It's almost stopped hurting altogether.
6omiT.
Macca:lK massage
ne.naTb Macca:lK to massage
no yrpa."f in the mornings, mornings
Hano )lenaTh no yrpaM Macca:lK. You have to massage it in the mornings.
npo)lomK3Th (I) to continue, keep on
npoll.OJDKaiiTe JJ.e.IJBn no yrpaM Continue massaging it in the mornings.
MBCca:lK.
Ma3L CO ointment, salve

peuenT prescriplion, recipe
A B8M llaM HClBWii pCllcrrr rll give you a new prescription for
HB M8Jl>. ointment.
nOMOntTL (I) (plus dat) to help

CnBcM60. ~ Mallo MHe 004CHb Thanks. The ointment really helps me.
nOMorI.eT.
Kor.na MHe npHHnt:? When am I to come? or When should I come?

KOf".a.a MIle npKm omiT... When should I come again, on Wednesday?
iii cpe.QY!
KOHeU, KOHua; -hi, -68 end
yel:an. (I) to go away, leave (by vehicle)
HtT, II yeJ}KafO 8 KOHut :iToii No, I'm going away the end of this
HeJJ.e.nH. week.
'Iepe] min. nHeH in five days
nHeH tlepeJ nliTb in about five days
Jt yeJ:lK3fO nHe" 'Iepe) miTb. I'm going away in about five days.
8epHYrbCJI (pfv I) ['t'irnute;,] to come back, return
sepHyCb, BCpHCUlbCR, -y..CR
Jt BepHYCb nHe" lItpel nliTh. I'll return in about five days.
p3nbwe earlier, before
Jt Bcpnycb .aHe" 'Iepe3 ruiTb, I'll return in about five days, not
lie prou,we. before.
A ye3:lKalO B KOHUe :hoii HC,tlenM I'm going away the end of this week
H IIiCPHYCb JUlCM 'tepe3 min., and will return in about five days, not
He pl1.HblUe. before.
HaJH3,(HTb_(pfv II) to set, designate, appoint. assign

HaJHa'lHTb neHL to give an appointment, set a date
Jt BiM HaJH3'ly .IleHb. I'll give you an appointment.
nOJBOHKTe MAe 'tepel MeJlVlIO, Phone me in a week and I'll give you an
M ii aiM Ha3H8.-ry n;nn. appointment.
U!SSONI6
SUPPLEMENT
xy)j(C worse
j'j "IyBCTBylO ce6li ropi13,rto I feel much worse, doctor.
x)0i<c, .nOKTOp.
paccepLUITbC~ (pfv II) to become angry, get mad
(like cep,rtllTl,C5l)
nO"leMy OH T<1.K lIa MCHli Why did he become so angry with me?
paccePJUIJlCli ?
nOMO"lh (pfv I) (like MO"lh) (plus dat) to help
6H, HaBcpllo, BaM nOMO;.KeT. He'll probably help you.
yt':xaTb (pfv I) to go away, [eave (by vehicle)
(like t':xaTb)
Korna OH yt':XaJl H3 MOCKBbl? When did he leave Moscow?
j'j CKOPO yeflY BJIeHHHrp<iJ:l.. I'll soon leave for Leningrad.
Ha'ianO beginning, start
6H yt':XaJl B Ha "lane :hOH He went away at the beginning of
He.nt':mL the week.
B03Bpall.\aThCH (I) to return, come (or go) back
O'rel..l B03Bpall.u1eTcH 1l0MOH B WeCTh. Father returns home at six.
n03)j(e later, later on
OHll npl-lllyT n03)l(c. They'll come later.
B KOHUt': KOUl.\OB [fkance kancof] finally, in the end, in the long
run, after all
B KOHUt': KOHUOB, OH nOJl)"lllJl He finally got a permit.
pa3pewt':UHe.
o. -OCHOOB
IO.H. -lOpH" HJ.lKOnaCBH"I
O. I 3npaBCTByHTC! KaK Bbl ce6A '1YnCTByeTe?

IO.H. 2 rOphAO ny'Hue, Aonop . .H nO'iTH cB06oLlHO xo~y. ,l];a:lKc CMor neWKOM K BaM
npHHnf.
o. 3 Bbl C yMa cowmi? .H :lKC BaM CKa3an XOAHTb TOJlhKO no KOMHaTC Ii TO He 60JIbWe,
'H:M nOJI'laca B ,LJ;eHb.
IO.H. 4 J.13BmufTe, Aonop, HO MHe Ka3aJlOCb, 'leM 60Jlbllle $I XO)KY, TeM Jly'lWC MHe
cTanoBHTcSI.
O. 5 ECJlH Bbl AeJIaCTC TaK, K3K B3M HpaBHTC~, TO 3a'leM Bbl Torw'i. Bo06me KO MHe
06pamarUiCb ?!
LESSON 16 J(,7
FO.H. 6 Hc ccp.n.tlTCCb, .o:OKTOp, H 6Y.o:y .o:enaTb BCe TO'lHO TaK, KaK Bbl CK3.JI(CTe.1
O. 7 Hy, xopowo. nOKa)foiTe MHe Hory. )la, Hennoxo.
IO.H. 8 OHa y McnH nO'ITH COBceM HC 6omiT.

O. 9 Xopowo, HO npOllOn)i(lHhc llenaTb no yTpaM Macca)i(. ..st BaM .n.aM HOBblH
pel.{enT tIa Ma3b.
IO.H. 10 CnacH60. 3Ta M<l.3b MHe O'leHb nOMoraeT. Kor.o:a MHe npliHTH omiTb, B cpe.n.y?
O. II HeT, H YC3)i(alO B KOHl.{e :hOH HC,I],Cnli IiBepHycb .o:HeH ...epe3 nliTb, He paHbwe. 2
n03Bomhe MHe 'lepe3 Hellemo, Ii li BaM Ha3H3.'ly ,lIeHb.
NOTES I Although spa.. and ltOKTOp can sometimes be used interchangeably, only
,1J,OKTOp is used-as a form of address or with names: Y ltOKTOpa OCHDosa, "CKa*liTe,

,1J,OKTOP ..." Bpa.. and .lI.OKTOp apply to both men and women.
0" (OHa) XOpOWHH Bpa'l. He's (she's) a good doctor.
3TO .o:OKTOP neTpOBa. This is Dr. Pelrov (t).
General practitioners are mostly women. as are the majority of dentists and oculists
in the Soviet Union.
1 Note the word order in the expression Me" otepe3 min. The placement of
a numeral after the noun which it modifies serves to express approximation. Com
pare .o:IU) .. ad two hours with ..aca ,D,Ba about two hours; ceii..ac BOcCMb ..acOB it's
eight o'clock now with ceii'fac 'laCOB BOcCMb iI's aboul eight o'clock now; and
B .o:eBATb ..acOB at nine with ..acoB B lteBATb around nine.

I. KAK BaM nOHpaaHJIC.II. :hOT Bpa'!? How did you like thai doctor?
____ nOllpaBHnaCb 3ra Ma3b? _____ like that ointment?
____ 1l0npaBIUIOCb era DellHe? ______ like his singing?
____ nOHpaBWlHCb era PO.o:HTCJJH? _____ Iike his parents?
2. Ka:lKeTCSI, Ji eH IIpaBJllOcb. I guess she likes me.

____ Mbl _ HpaBItMcSl. ____ likes us.
____ 0" __ HpaBI1TC.II.. ____ likes him.
____ Th. __ HpaBlillIbC.II.. ____ lik-es you.
____ OHM _ HpaaSiTC.II.. ____ likes them.
_ _~_ Bbl _ HpaaHTecb. ____ likes you.
3. OHa '!aCTO 3aXO.nHJla K COoeH coceltKe. She often called on

her neighbor.
K CBOHM COceltSiM. _ _ _ _ _ _ on her neighbors.
_________ K COOCMy y'!lheJ1Jo. _ _ _ _ _ _ on her teacher.
_________ K COoeH cccrpe. _______ on her sister.
_________ K CBOMM 3HaKoMblM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 her acquaintances.
________ K CBOCMy 6paTy. _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 her brother.
_________ K camiM nOJJ.pYraM. _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 her girl friends.
368 LESSON 16
4. Oli 06paTl1J1CH KXOpOl11CMy BpalfY. Hc consultcd a good physician.
______ KpyCCKOMy CnCu,llaJIHCTY. _____ the Russian specialist.
_ _ _ _ _ _ Ie UOBOMy JIOKTOPY' _____ the new doctor.
______ KaMepllteaHCKoMy _____ the American professor.
npo<Jleccopy.
______ K lfaCTIIOMY Bp3lfY. _____ 3 private physician.
5. Mbl W)]H no KpacHBoH .aopOre. We wcre walking along a lovely road.

_ _ _ _ crapoii _ _ an old _
_ _ _ _ H6BOH _ _ a new _
_ _ _ _ xOpOweii _ _ _ good _ _
_____ npHMoii _ _ a straight _ _ <
_ _ _ _ kak6H-To _ _ _ some kind of_<
6. nOklUKJfre :hOT 4>H.nbM eawKM CTy.v;eHTaM. Show the film to your students.
CBOHM < _ _ _ _ _ _ >:our _
MOU:M~ <
_ _ _ _ _ wy _
1I0BhlM < ______ the new _
craPWM < ______ the old _
aMeplU:aacrHM _. ______ the American _ _
xop6WHM _ _ lhe good _
7. n03BOHHTe :hoii ",eHUlHHe. Give this woman a call.

_ _ _ _ .3TOMy <fe.noeekY. __ this man _
_____ 3THM mOJl)lM. __ these people _
_ _ _ _ 3TOMy Bpa<fY. __ this doctor <
_ _ _ _ trOH JIeBywKe. __ this girl _-,-- <
_____ 3TI1M M0110.o.b1M mO)J)lM. __ these young-people <
8. He CTaJJOBHTeCb Ty.v;a.! Don't stand (or step) there!

He C3JI.HTeCb TY.v;a! Don't sit (down) there!
He ooHTecbl Don't be afraid!
Hc cePJIHTecb! Don't be angry!
He 06palllaihe<:b KUtiM! Don't consult them!
He B03BpalllMiTecb It HKM! Don't go back to them!
9. Jj YJUlBJIlhOCb, 'ITO Bbl KHeMy06panUUlCb. I'm surprised that you consulted him.
OHa ylmBJIlicTCJI _ She's surprisecl<1 _
Mbl yJtHBJlliCMCJI _ We're surprised< _
OJlcr yJtHBJIIIe-rCJl _ Oleg is surprised'- _
01111 yJIHBnliIOTcJl' _ They're surprisoo _
Tw IIC Y.ll.HBJllteWbCJI, 'ITO li Ie lIeM)< You're not surprised that I consulLed him?
06paTll.nCll ?
Rbi He YJIIIBJlliereCb ? You're not surprised'- ?
10. Kor.aa OHa BCp'iCTCJI? When will she be back?

__---'Tbl eepuewbcll? _~ will you be back '1
.,-_--"Bbl eepHeTe<:b? _ _ will you be back '1
R BePHYCb <fepeJ He.ne.nIO. I'll be back in a week.
6u eepHCTCJI _ He'll be back,-_ _
Omi eeplljTcJI'- _ They'll be back'----_
LESSON 16 369
II. OlUf acermi a03aparm'uOTCR a 'lac. They always return at one.
Bw a03BpawaeTeCb_ _. YOII retum _
J1 a03Dpaw<bOCb._ _ '- return'-_ _
Tw B03DpautaeWbClL--. yo,au retum'-_ _
MM B03DpautaeMCX_ _. W, return _ _.
LloKTop_ B03BpalUaeTCX'---__ The doctor returns _
12. BbI MHe nOMOJKeTe'1 Will you help me?
- LIa, li B<iM nOMory. Yes, I'U help you.
OH BaM nOMOJKeT? Will he help you?
- LIa, OH ~1He nOMOJKeT. Yes, he'll help me.
OHii HaM nOMoryr? Will they help us?
- Lla, OHii HaM nOMoryr. Yes, they'll help us.
6u BaM nOMor? Did he help you?
- LIa, nOMOL Yes, he did.
OHa BaM nOMorna? Did she help you?
- LIa, nOMOrna. Yes, she did.
OHiI BaM nOMorml? Did they help you?
- !la, nOMOfmi. Yes, lhey did.
13. KOfJI.j MHe nY'!llJc npl1Hni? When's the best time for me to come?
_______ npHexaTb? ___________ to arrive?
_______ ycxaTb? ___________ to leave?
_______ 3aHTlI? __________ to stop by?
_______ nOHTlf? __________ to go?
_______ Bowni? ___________ to go in?
_______ aeplIYt"bCJl'? ___________ to return?
14. KYLla Mlle
nOIITH? Where am I to (or should J) go?
____ 3BOHlfTb? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call?
____ ::ho nonOJKHTb? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ put this?
____ noex3Th'1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ drive to?
____ CMO",e,.b? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ look?
____ nHcaTb? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ write?
~ nOCTynaTb'1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enroll?
_ _ _ _ eXaTb? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ g01
15. Mile cTaHOOHTC,SI nY'Iwe. I'm getting better.
_ _ _ _ _ _ xY:lKe. _ _ _ _ worse.
M HC cTaHoB!iJJocb JIy'Iwe. I was getting better.
_ _ _ _ _ _ xYilCe. _ _ _ _ worse.
CTaH6oHTC,S[ x6noJI.llo. It's getting cold.
_____ )KapKO. _ _ _ _ hot.
_____ Tenno. _ _ _ _ wann.
____ caeJKO _ _ _ dully.
____ CKj'iHO. _ _ _ boring.
_ _ _~ HHTepCcHO. _ _ _ _ interesting.
16. KaK Dbi ce6li 'iyBCTByeTe? How do you feel?

- J1 ce6Ji 'iY8CT8YJO nnoxo. I don't feel well.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ xopowo. I feel fine.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nYlfwe. _ _ beuer.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ fopa3Llo nY'!we. _ _ much better.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ x~e. _ _ worse.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ropa3,n0 xj:lKe. _ _ much worse.
370 LESSON 16
17. Killc nO-TBocMy, PC3YJlbTllThi xopowl1e? What do you think, are the results good?
- Lla, nO-M6eMy, pe3yJlbT<lTbl O'ICHb Yes, in my opinion, the results are very good.
xop6wMe.
KaK no-aawcMy, pe3YJlbTaTbi xop6wHe? What do you think, are the results good?
-lla, nO-MoeMy, pe3YJlbTaTbI O'leHb Yes, in my opinion, the results are very good.
xop6wHe.
18. n03BOHHTe MHe 'Iepe3 HeAe.rno. Call me up in a week.

_ _ _ _ _ _~__ !tBe Hc.aeJlIf. _____ two weeks.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TP" _ _ _____ three _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'IeTblpe _0
_ four _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ miTL Ile,lle.rlb. ____ five _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ llIecTb lle,lleJIL. ----- '" - - -
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MecSiu. _ _ _ _ _ a month.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ llBa MeCJ'H~a. _ _ _ _ _ two months.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WCcTb MecHl~eB. _ _ _ _ _ six months.
Pronunciation practice: the voicing of ordinarily unvoiced consonants

Contrast the following sets in which K, c, and T qre first pronounced voiceless and then are voiced.
A. The letter K pronounced [k] The letter K pronounced [g]

[kparu) K mipy [gbaru] K 6apy
to the steam to the bar
[ktomu) K TOMy [gdomu] K .u6My
to the volume La the house
B. Thc letter c pronounced [s) The letter c pronounced [z]

[sgit] cmIT [zQit] C6HT
sleeps knocked down
[spar] coop [zOOr] c66p
argument harvesting
C. The letter T pronounced [t] The letter T pronounced [d]

[atsaraJ OT llIapa [adz3.ra] aT )Kapa
from the spherc from the heat
[atkatiit] oTKaTaTb [adgadaU oTra.n.aTb
to roll off to guess

Prepositions reqniring the dative: K and no
MODELS
oR H.ttY K,116KTOpy. I'm on my way to the doctor's.

_ _ K 6p<iTy. ______ to my brother's place.
_ _ K ceCTpe. ______ to my sister's place.
_ _ KOTuj. ______ Lo my father's place.
_ _ KMhepH. ______ to my mother's place.
_ _ K po.uHTeJlHM. ______ to my parents' place.
I..ESSON 16 371
nOJlOHAI1 K Tene$Oliy. Go (Qr come) to the phone.
_ _ _ _ KCTOJly. to the table.
_ _ _ _ K OKIlY. ______ to the window.
_ _ _ _ KAOCKC. _ _ _ _ _ to the blackboard.
_ _ _ _ KdpTe. _ _ _ _ _ up to the map.
nOJloiUlIi KO Mlle. Come over here to me.
_ _ _ _ I( HaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ to us.
3TO H3J:tO CJl.enaTb I( o6C:JlY. This has to be done by noon.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ I( BC'Iepy. ________ by evening.
_______ 1(0 BT6pJrnl(y. _______ by Tuesday.
______ K cpeJl.C. ______ by Wednesday.
_______ 1: ntnUfue. _______ by Friday.
_______ 1( IWHllY MCcJl:n.a. _______ by the end of the month.
_______ 1( Ha'lany HeJlCJm. _______ by the beginning of the
week.
Rbi: rOTOBbI K 3K3AMeHy? Are you prepared (or ready) for the e'lam?
_ _ _ _ " ypOKy? __________ for the lesson?
_ _ _ _ _ I: JleKUHH? ___________ for the lecture?
_ _ _ _ " pa66Te? ___________ for the work'?
_ _ _ _ _ k 3K3<iMeHaM? __________ for the enms?
_____ K 3aHHTHJlM? ___________ for the classes?
_ _ _ _ K nCKlUUfM? ___________ for the lectures?
_ _ _ _ K o6C:Jl.Y. ___________ for the dinner?
no Be'lepaM Mbl I'YJlHeM B napKe. In the evenings we stroll in the park.

no YTpaM _ In the mornings _
no BOCl:peceHbJlM _ On Sundays _
no cy666TaM _ On Saturdays _
no cpeJlaM _ On Wednesdays ~
He XOJlI1 no napKy! Don't walk (or wander) around in the park!

____ n6 Jlecy! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the woods!
____ no ymll..laM! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the streets!
____ no nOJllo! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the field!
____ no nomiM! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the fields!
_ _ _ _ ItO ceny! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the village!
_ _ _ no r6poJl.Y! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the city!
~_ _ no Aop6re! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the road!
____ no ymme! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the street!
6H '1IITaer JICKWIH no pyccKoii My3bll(e. He gives lectures on Russian music.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no MaTeManuce. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on mathematics.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 HCT6pHH CCCP. _ _ _ _ _ _ on the history of the U.S.S.R.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no reorpil4lHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ on geography.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no PYCCKOH mrrepaljpe. _______ on Russian literature.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no PYCCKOMy Jl3b1Kj. _______ on the Russian language.
372 LESSON 16
Y HaC 6w.n JK3aMCH no pyCCKOMy S13hIKY. We had an exam on the Russian language.
_________ no qnbHKc, ______ in physics.
_________ no niM,m, _______ in chemistry,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no HCTOP"U. _______ in history.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no reorpa<plfH. ______ in geography.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no JJHTepaType. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in literature.
OI:lH TOBapHlJ..tH no Kypcy. They're classmates.

_ _ _ _ _ _ no KOMHaTe. _ _ _ roommates.
_______ ItO WKOJJC. _ _ _ schoolmates.
_ _ _ _ _ no )'HH8CPCHTe'ry. _ _ _ fellow university studcnts.
_ _ _ _ _ _ [10 pa66Te. _ _ _ co-workers.
_ _ _ _ _ no cnYc6e. ~_ _ co-workers.
O"a JIIQ6HT XO,a,Hn. no TOJDCrucaM. She loves to make the rounds of tbe flea
markets.
_________ no Mara3HHaM. _ _ _ _ _ _~---- of tbe stores.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no pecTOp3HaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the restau 4
cants.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no 6H6nHo-reKaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the libraries.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no nOKTopAM.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the doctors.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting tbe various usages of K and 00, both of which require the dative case.
I. On the right was the door. 2. On Wednesday we wenl to the movies,

He weill over (or up) to the door. On Wednesdays we used 10 go to Ihe movies.
HanpaBo 6blna llBepb, 8 cpeny Mbl XOll,MH 0 KHHO.
Oil no.aOIUCJI K .aBe pH. no cpe.aaM Mbi XO.a.HnH B KHIIO.
Hanpaao 6bfJl TeJle>6l1. B tlcTBepr Mbt xOJ],wm a KHH6.
Oil Telle~IlY.
1I0.aOWiirl K no <Je1'acpniM Mbi XOJufJIH a K,mO.
(OKHO, CTOJI. JJCC1'Hltua. nOJlKa, Kacca, (0 ml'rHHu,y. B aocKpecellbC. 0
6y<j>eT) nOHeJ],eJlbIlHK. B cy660Ty, BO OTOpIlHK)
3, I was at my brother's (place). 4. 11'/1 be ready before noon.

I'm going 10 see my brolher. 11'/1 be ready by noon.
$I 6buJ y 6paTa. ::ho 6Yll,eT 1'01'600 )],0 o6e.ua.
st tIllY Ie 6paT)'. :no 6yJJ,eT 1"01'080 Ie 06by.
$I 6bm y.aoKTopa. 3TO 6Yll,eT r01'oao ll,O <JeTBcpni.
st lillY K noKTOpy. :no 6yneT rOTOSO II': 'renepry-.
(y Opatla, y Y'l'ltTeJljl, Y 3HHbl. Y npyra. (no nSlTHHUhl,,110 cy660Thl, no
y aMepHKaHU3, y ceCTpbl, y rarut, y nOHeJJ,eJIbHHlCa, 1l,0 cpeJ1bI .uo
TooapHlUa, y nponaoUlHUhl. y HaTalllIl) OOCKpeceHbR. ll,O Ha<Jana CJIell,ytOUleH
He.aenH. no )],HSI ero POJlCllCHIUI)
I Note that there is a slight dilfereooc bct~ xo!lli'n .. ,OOIITopbl and XOIUfn, 00 NHITopa..... The first is oeutral. 1010
/0 doctors; the second means to 10 from 0IIe' doctor 10 lUJOth.-r. /0 nDI to dijfm/ doclors.
LESSON 16 373
S. We have a Ru.ssian language lessQn. 6. They entered the hall.
We hUi'e a lesson on the Russia" langULlge. They walked (or wandered) about Ihe hall.
Y HaC ypOK pyccKoro JlJblKa. OU" HOWn" B Jan.
Y Hac ypOK no pyCCkOMy 1'13b1Kj. OHN XO,rulnH no :uiJJy.
Y HaC ypOK HCTOpHH. OKH BOWmt B Tea:rp.
Y Hac ypOK 00 HC'TOpHH. ONli XOJUlJIM DO Te8Tpy.
(rcorpa$HH, XHMHH, lj)H3ltKH, (na60paTopHlO, napk, kOMllaTY, AOM,
MaTcMaTKICH, HCTOpHl1 CCCP, M}'3h1KH, 6116nHOTeEy, BOIC33..Jl, Mar3.3HH, Vly6,
pyccKOH JIHTepaTypbl) ropcoBeT)
7. She loves flea markets. OHa mb6HT MaraJHHbI.

She loves to make the rounds of tire flea OHa .m06MT xo.wm. no Mara3HuaM.
markets. (6u6mfoTCKlt, lUly6bl, pecTopaubl,
OHa mo6HT TOllKj'lKH. Tearph.l, KOIw:ePThJ)
OHa mOOKT xOAwn. no TOJlKy.."aM.
(room) Are they acquainted? (KYPC) Olill JHaKOMh.l?

Yes, they're roommates. .ai. OliN ToBlipHUlH no KyPcy.
(KoMHua) Omi 3HaxOMbI? (yHHBepcHTeT, mKona, pa60Ta, KOMHa11l,
,ltJi. omi TOlUiplU1tH DO KOMHaTe. Kypc)
DISCUSSION
1. K (1<0)
The preposition K always requires the dative. With motion verbs K must be used if the destina-
tion is a person. In this use it is the destinational opposite of the locationaJ preposition y.
rlle Bb! 6burH? - Y 6p:iTa. Where were you? At my brother's.
KYlia Bbf Hlle-re? - K fip.hy. Where are you going? To my brother's.
When the destination is a place or object, B or H:l plus the accusative is used if complete at-
tainment of the goal is implied. However, K plus the dative may be used to describe movement
toward the goal, i.e., Ijmited attainment of the goal.
oR HllY B napK. I'm going to the park.

>1 U)Iy I' napKY. I'm walking toward the park.
I-U"Te B )lOM. Go into the house.
H)lH-re K 116My. Go up toward the bouse.
K is also used with time nouns in the sense of by or toward.
>1 npHl:llY IC kOHttY MecJlua. I'll come toward (or by) the end of the montb.
K YTPY C11lH6BHTOl xOnoliHo. Toward morning it gets cold.
>1 :ho Clle.rraJO II: cy666re. rll get it done by Saturday.
>1 :iTo Clle.rratO ICO BTOPHHK:Y. I'll get it done by Tuesday.
In conjunction with nouns describing activities, K is used in the sense of for.
M bf ew:e He roTOBbl: K 3KJ3.MeHy. We're not prepared for the exam yet.
4TO Tb! kynHn K <X>ellY? What did you buy for dinner?
374 LESSON 16
2. no
no is a preposll..lQn used mostly with the dative; it has many meanings, for example, over,
a/mIg (the surface of), 10 (various goals), on, in. via, by, according 10, apiece, per person. Some of
these are illuslrated below.
DO Be'lepaM, no yrpar.t [in the] evenings, [in tbe) mornings

no CpeJJ,3M on Wednesdays
no plutltO, no TCJtt$OHY by (or over) the radio, by phone
JBOnUTb no Tent$OHy to call on the phone
no HCTOPHH, no mnepaTjpe on (the subject of) history, literature
no npHBbI'lKe, no nnaHY, no omu6"e by habit, by plan, by mistake
no necy, no noma, no ropoJJ;y about tbe woods, field, city
no nOKTOpaM to one doctor after another
no MaraJUHaM to one store after another
no CTaKaHy, no 'IaWKe a glass apiece, a cup apiece
A number of adverbial expressions are formed by prefixing no.
nO-MoeMy in my opinion
nO-BawcMy in your opinion
no-pyccKH in Russian
no-aHrmh1cKII in English
The dative endings of 3TOT, 'lei, and the possessive pronoun modifiers
THE ENDINGS
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Masculine and Neuter Feminine
-OMY, -eMy -OM, -eii -k"
MODELS
KTO nOMOJKCT 3TOMY CTynellTy? Who will help this student?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ naplllo? _ _ _ _ _ _ lad?
______ 3TO" cTYJleHTKc? ______ this girl student?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )I(eIlWHHe? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ woman?
______ :)TKM CTynCHTaM? ______ these students?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JlIODJlM? _ _ _ _ _ _ people?
nOJ80Hihe 3TOMy Bpa'iY. Give this (or that) physician a call.

_ _ _ _ _ _ nolCTopy. _ _ _ _ _ _ doctor <
_ _ _ _ _ _ 'ie.nO&eKY _ _ _ _ _ _ man <
_ _ _ _ _ _ )"IHTeJIIO. _ _ _ _ _ _ teacher _
_____ :hOM )I(eHWHHe. _ _ this (or that) woman _
_ _ _ _ _ _ neBywKe. _ _ _ _ gi<l _
_ _ _ _ 3TNM CTYAeHTIi:aM. _ _ these (or tbose) girl students _
_ _ _ _ _ _ neBywKaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ gids _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ napmiM. _ _ _ _ _ _ Iads _ _
LESSON 16 375
nOH.D.eM K MoeMy J.l.pYry. LeI's go to my friend's place.
_ _ _ _ _ _ TOaapl-lI.LlY _ _ _ _ _ friend's _
_ _ _ _ _ Gp.hy_ _ brother's __
___ KMoe. c:e<:TpC. _ _ _ to my sister's _
_ _ _ _ _ _ Ma:repH. _ _ _ _ _ mother's __
_ _ _ _ _ _ nOJ.l.pYre. _ _ _ _ _ girl friend's _
_ _ _ K MOllM: po,lJ,ltTeJUlM. _ _ _ to my parents' _
_ _ _ _ _ _ Jlp)'3bJIM. _ _ _ _ _ friends' _
_ _ _ _ _ _ TOeapuutaM. _ _ _ _ _ friends' _
npHBC:T eaweMY My,.cy. Give my regards to your husband.

_ _ _ TBoeMj _ _ _ your _
_ _ _ eawet :lKC:He. _______ your wife.
___ noti _ _ your_~
_ _ _ B3,WHM pomh'eJUlM. _______ your parents.

_ _ _ Teoli" _ _ you' _ _
Mbi: npKBbI:uIH J: HaWeAI)' npocpeeeopy. We're used to our professor.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )"IKTe.nIO. _ _ _ _ _ _ teacher.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a><:Cny_ _ _ _ _ _ _ neighbor.
_ _ _ _ _ _ J: u!wei )"IHTeJn.HHue. _ to our teacher (I).
_________ coce.nxe. _ _ _ _ _ _ neighbor (f).
______ IC HaWHM cryJ.l.eHTllM. _ _ _ _ 10 our students.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npo<lleccopaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ professors.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a><:Clll'M_ _ neighbors.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ }"Ufi<JUiM- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ teachers.
EXPANSION DRILLS
1. Come over to the window! 2. Give the tourislS a pass!

Come over to this window! Give these tourists a pass!
n O.UOH,rUf K OICHy! J],aifre TypHCTaM np6nycK!
Do.ll.oiJ:ui K ::1rOMy oKBj! .aaiTt :hHM TYlNkraM up6nyc.d
nO.aOH.lJ;H IC n6JlKe! )l,ajiTe neBHue np6nycK!
DOIJ.OHltH K iroii n6JtKe! ){8iiTe noii neBHue np6nyCK!
(nH<pTy, KOnOJ.l.UY, ,lJ.BepH, Kacce, H36e, (HHOCTpauU,y, TypHCTy, aMepHKaHKe,
KapTe, Barony, 6y<PeTY) CTy.aeHTy, Y'lHTemIM, npoJ.l.aBlUHuC)
3. Don't walk (or wander) around in the park! 4. I'm used to the teacher.
Don't walk (or wander) around in this park! I'm used to our teacher.
He XO.uH no napKy! R. npHBwK K)"IHTeJUo.
He xotui DO nOMy DapKy! Jl DpNBWx K HaWeMY y'Iirre.rno.
He XO.u.H no ymm,e! R. npHBwK K)"fHTCJ1bHHlJ,e.
He XO.rol no mi
YJlHQe! Jl npHBLni: K' Haweii ylflheJlbHHUe.
(no nomlM, no .uop6re, no ropo,lQ', no (K coce,/JJCaM, Kcoce.ay, Kooce.aSIM,
ynHuaM, 06 noJUO, no necy) Knp<xf>eccopy, KCTy,a,eHTaM, J:
aMCPHKaIlLtY)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We came up (or went over) to her window. Mbi no.uOWJIH Kee llBCpRM.
To whose window? K 'lbll\f .uaepli:M?
Mbi no.uow.sut J: ee OICHY. (.aeepH, CT)'ny, CTony, nOMe, WlCa<py,
K "tw:MY OKJIY? IOMHaTe)
376 LESSON 16
2. She's gone 10 V;S;1 Iheir brother. (ponHTeJUIM. lI.pyry, Iloll.pyre.
Whose brolher ? TooapHutaM, OTUy, lI.pyJbJlM,
Om't noexaJla K HX 6paTy. Y'lHTeJl.hHHUC)
K 'ft>eMy 6pary?
Olla noexaJla K HX ceCl"pC.
K 'ft>eii cecrpi?
EXPANSION ORILLS
I. He bought his falher a present. 2_ I went oller to the desk.

He boughl a present for his (own) father. I went oller to my desk.
0" Kynlin nOll.apoK OTuY_ Jt no,!towe.n K croJlY.
0" ..ymiJI IIOJuipo.. CB06ty onoi. Jt oonowe.n It: MoeMY CTOJIY.
0" kynlin nOll.apoK c:ecrpe. Jt nonowe.n " OKUj.
Ott ..ymiIr IlOna po.. cBOei ~. Jt DOnowen It: MoeMy olt:llj.
(po.llHT~J1M, npyry. nonpyre, 6pary, (.noepjlM, wkalj)y, nomCaM, na60paTOpHH,
TOBapltWY. :lICeile, )"IuTe.mo, Barony, WkOJJC, o6uteJKltTJuo, 1l0My)
)"IHttJlbHHue)
1. I returned lO my work. . 2. Are you going to see your neighbor?

We returned to our work. Tbi: noii.D.eun. IC TBoeH coce.lJ.k'c?
Jt sepHynCJl II; Moe" pa66Te. RbI ooiiD.eTC It: BJiwci cocelIKe!
MW BepHyJlHCb It: liiweii pa66Te. Tbi: nOHllewb K TBoeMY coce.a,y?
Jt sepllynCJl K MOCMy o'lepKy. Bw lIOM.ll;eTC It: aaweMy cocell.Y!
Mw BepHyJlMCb It: H8.weMy o'lep"y. (TBoeMy Y'tHTe.1IIO. TBoeH nOll.pyre, TBoeH
(MOUM JalUlTHJlM, MOCMy poMaHy, Modi Y'lHTeJJbHlIue, TSOUM npyJbJlM, TBoeMy
KlIllre, MoeMy CO'lHlleHJUO, MoeH npocb6e, omy, TBoeH ceC'rpe, TOOUM TOBapHlltaM)
MOCMy nnallY)
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT I)RILL
Tbis student wallls to go away. (:noT npO<lx=ceop, 3TH TypliCThl, 3TOT

This student has lO go away. ,!tOKTOp, 3Ta .aCBywKa, 3TOT HHocrpalleu,
~TOT CTyncHT XO'lCT yexan.. 3Ta ncoHua, 3TH cocellH, 3TOT neoell)
~MY CTynelrry mino yexaTl..
3Ta aMepHK{I.IUCa XO'lCT yexan..
3Toii aMCpHK811lt:e mlno yexaTb.
NOM (m) .:hOT 'Iell Moil TBOil csoil m\w oaw

(0) ;TO 'Ilk Moe TOee CBoe lIaWC BaWe
OAT 3TOMy ....Mj MOCMj TBoeMj CSoeMy HaweMy oameM)'
NOM (f) ;Ta '1M] Moli TOoli CBO.li HaWa BaWa

OAT :hOM '1MiH Moei TooeH csoeii lIawei saweii
(pi) ym .aW"
,.....
NOM 'IbH MOU TOOIt COOIt ttawH
OAT 311tM MOIL\(
TB""" CBOMM HaWKM saWHM
LESSON 16 m
[)ISCUSSION
The dative endings for ..eii, :hOT, and the possessive pronoun modifiers arc distributed as
follows:
1. The masculine and neuter dative singular ending is -eM)' for all except :hOT and :i"ro, which take
-OM)'. Compare MoeMj, BlitueMy, 'lLeMy with noM)'.
2. The feminine dative singular ending is --eli: for aU except iTa, which takes -oii. Compare MoeH,
Bameii, ..!>iii with :iToii.
3. The dative plural ending for all these modifiers is -tBt: MoiiM, aaW"M, 'ILJiM, iTIlM. 1
The dative endings of adjectives: singular and plural
THE ENDINGS
SINGULAR
PLURAL
--oMy, --eM)' --oi, -eii -blM, -H.\t
MODELS
0" lie npHBbll' x 'lepHOM)' XJle6y. He's not used to black bread.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 6CnoM)' XJle6y. _ _ _ _ _ _ whitc bread.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ aMepUXaHCXOMY WK3Jy. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ American jazz.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ XOJlOllHOMY 'l:Uo. _ _ _ _ _ _ cold tea.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbwoM}' r6pollY _ _ _ _ _ _ tbe big city.
_ _ _ _ _ _ rOpR'leMy Monory. _ _ _ _ _ hot milk.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Be'leplleMy 'laI<). _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening tea.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CBC)KeMY B6JllYxy. _ _ _ _ _ _ fresh air.
QlIa npHBblXJla x Taxoii paoo-re. She's used to such work.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pyccKoii milue. _ _ _ _ _ Russian food.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hoaoii K6MnaTe. _ _ _ _ _ thc new room.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbllJoii xBapTl-ipe. _ _ _ _ _ a big apartment.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ropJi'leH mime. _ _ _ _ hot food.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Be'lcpneii pa66Te. _ _ _ _ _ evening work.
Mht np"BblXn" x xpacHBblM BeutliM. We're used to beautiful things.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TenJIbIM 3HMaM. ______ warm winters.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TaXHM Ja$lBJleHI1JIM. ______ such applications.
_ _ _~ TaxliM 01UH6xaM. ______ such mistakes.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbllJiiM Yllo6cTBaM. ______ great conveniences.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ManeHbXH.\t xOMHaTaM. ______ small rooms.
_ _ _ _ _ _ csc:HM OrypuaM. ______ fresh cucumbers.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Be'lCpHH.\t JaHknuIM. _ _ _ _ _ evening classes.
__---.:===---- TPYllIlWM ~oflMeHaM.

_ _ _ _ _ difficult exams.
, NOIe thaI in all cues inn shows a regular alternation of hard-stcm III in the singul3l" (iToT, nOl'o, nOJoly, iTa, iToI)
with sort-slem III in lhe plural (m., iTn, n-).
J78 LfSSON 16
HaBoMy CTy.ueHTy HYJ"Ha KOMHaTa. The new student needs a room.
Mono,nOMY '1eJlose"y _ The young man _
AMepllK3.HCkOM)' TYPHCTy _ The American tourist _
Mono.aOM .aeeywxe _ The young lady _
HaBoH CT)'.aeHTXe _ The new student _
Cclpoii :lKeHWKHe _ The old woman _
HaehlM CT)'.aeHTaM HYJlCllbI KOMUaThL The new students need rooms.
Mono.uW..\oI J1I0JJ)IM _ The young peoplc _
AMepHKiiHCKN.\I TypHCTaM _ The American tourists' _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the pattern of adjective endings in the dative case.
I. This is a new student. 2. A new professor has arrived.

Let's help this new student. The new professor needs a room.
:ho HOShlM CT)'.uelIT. npHexan H6BWH np<$Cccop.
nOMO*eM noM}' HOBOMy cry.aetrry. HOBOM)' upo+ecoopy H)"KH3 ..6MBan.
3TO onoxa" CTy.ueHT. npHcxana H6BaJI Y'lltTellbKHl..la.
nOMO)KeM iTOMy Wlox6My cry.aetrry. HORON ruReJlhHHQe H)'*H3 dMHaT8.
(cHMnaTIt'lHhlii, )(opouHfii, rnynblii, aMe- (HOBbIC CTy.o:ellTbl, HaUllt CTapblc .upy:Jb~,
pm:aIlCKItM, Hennoxoii, Mono,noil, YMHblH, Mono,uoH 'lcnOseK, Ham 06WIIH ,npyr,
pyCCKHH) aMepHKaHCKItH TypiICT, pyCCKHC cncu,lta
JlHCThI., aHrJJHHCKHH np<><f)eccop)
He wrote to these beautiful girls.

He wrote to this beautiful girl.
OH HallHcan :YrHM KpaCHBbIM .aeByrnUM.
On HanMci.!1 nOM "p3aiBoii: Ai.ywxe.
OH HanHcan 3THM MKnblM .ueB}'lUKaM.
On HaIlHcSn iToM MH.rIOH AeBytUKe.
(cIIMnaTH'IlIblM, pyCCKHM, IUlTCpeCHblM,
MonOAblM, XOpOUlllM, KpacHBblM)
(cold water) What's she gotten used to?

To cold water.
(xonoAHaJI_ BOM) K '1cMj OHa npHBbl:Vla?
K XOJlOJUIOH BO.ae.
(cse'tHe orypubi) K '1eMj OHa npHBbl:KJla?
K CBe:.HM orypuiM.
(ropSl'lee MonoIo, 6ecflllaTHhle o6e,llbl,
BKycHble BCUlH, nerKaJI y.ua'la, TaKaJI
pa6oTa, Tpy.o:Hbrc JlOaMCHbl, KpaCIIBbrc
Bemll, CBC)KaJ1 pbl6a, CBC*HC OrypUbl,
CBC>KHH B03.nyX)
LESSON 16 379
SINGULAR
PLURAL
-oMy -eMy -oii -eO - ..... -""

MonollOMy
6oJIbwoMY
UOBOMY
crapoMY'
K:paCHBoMy
eMHeM}'
Be'lCPHeMY
ce6K_
xOpOweMy
MonollOii
6onbwoii
HOBON
CTapoi
KpacHBOi
cHlleii
8e'lcPHeii
cB6Keii
xop6weii
MonollbiM
HOBbiM
crlpWM
KpacH8WM
-
6oJIb~
Be'lepHH....
C8C:1IM
xOpOWHM
PYCCKOM)' pjccKoii pyccDIM
llpyrOMy llPyroii JlPynIM
DISTRIBUTION OF ENDINGS
In the dative singular masculine-neuter, the ending is spellcd -OM)' after hard stems and -eMy
after soft stems. Compare KpaCHsoMy, MOJIOllOMY with se-repneMy. Mjxed stems take -oMy, except
where the ending is unstressed and preceded by w, lit, "t. or Ill, in which case it is spelled -eM)'.
Compare llPyrOMy, pyCCKOMy, 6oJlL1lloMY with xopOUJeMy, ese*eMf.
In the dative singular feminine, the coding is spelled -oii after hard stems and -eii after son
stems. Compare MOJJO].l6ii, OOBOH with Beotepueli. Mixed stems take -oK except where the coding is
unstressed and preceded by 10, :. "t, or In, in which case it is spelled -eli. Compare .a.pyr6ii, pjic:c:KoH,
6oJu,wOii with xOpOmeii, caix"eii. Note that these are the same endings as in the genitive and pre
positional singular.
In the dative plural, the endings are spelled -t.af for hard stems and -HM for soft stems and 0/1
mixed stems. Compare KpaaiBw...., MOJIO.m=tM with PYCCKIlM, 6oJlhlllliM, xOpOmHM, aeotCptDIM.
Reflexive verbs: part I

MODELS
~ BCpHyCb '1Cpe3 HellC.ruo. I'll return io a week.

Tbl aepHCWbC'II _ You'll return _ _.
6H BepHi:TCH _ Hc'll return _
Mbi uepHeMCII _ We'll return _ _
Obi aepHereCb _ You'll return _ _.
DUli uePHYrCJI _ They'lJ return _ _.
OTeu BepuynDll H3 MOClCBbI. Father has returned from Moscow.

Man. BepHynacl> 1t3 ropo.a.a. Mother has returned from tbe city.
Po.rohe.rrn aepuynHCb B KOJlX03. Our parents have returned to the kolkhoz.
R cepxYa. ua 3HDy. I'm mad at Zina.
Tw cep1lHD1b~. You're _
611 ttpJUITDlI _ _. He's _
Mbi: cePJJ;KMDlI __. We're _
8b1 cePJIHTecb ~_. You're _
OHH ceprom:,. ~_. They're _
380 LESSON 16
OH lIa MeH.li paccepLl,HJI CA. He became angry with me.
Oua paccepLl,WlaCb. She became angry witL-.
OUK paccepLl,KJ1IICl>. They became angry with _.
Note that the verbs cep.z:tHn.cA, pacceprofn.C'lI are accompanied by U3 plus the accusative to in
dicate the object of one's anger.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, observing that reflexive verbs are exactly like nonreflexives structurally
except for the addition of the particle -CH (after consonants including Ii) or -Cb (after vowels).
SUBSTITUTION DRILL
I USULJlly return at one.

Jl 06b1:<t:HO B03BpawfuoCb B 'taco
,llo.crop 06b1:<t:1l0 B03BpamaeTCJI B 'lac.
(oHa. MbI, OHM, BbI, JI, ThI, OU)
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILl.S
I. It was gelling warm. 2. I'm getting cold.

It's gelting warm. I was getting cold.
CTallODHnOCb TeDJIo. Mne cTan6sHTCJI ,,6J10Ll,HO.
CT3110BwrCil TellJlo. Mile CT3UOBIi.rIOCb XOJIO,lUfO.
CraHODHnOCb cBelKo. MHe CTaHOBHTCJI Cky..HO.
CTau0811TCA CBe1Ik"O. Mue CT3HOBUOCb CKjIfHO.
(zapKo, HHTepecHO,CK~HO,TpYn.aO, ("feDJIO, :JKapKO, XOJlOLl,UO, Jl)"lwe, xYJKe,
JleRo) RHTepecHO, HeyLl,06HO)
3. She was angry with him. 4. He became angry with her.
She's angry with him. He'll become angry with her.
Olla Ha Hero cepn.H.naCb. Ou Ha Hee paccepLl,HnCR.
ORa aa HerO cep,llHTCH. OH Ha nee paccepLl,HTCH.
Oreu Ha Hero cePLl,HnCJI. MaTb ua Hee paccep.aHnaclt.
Oreu Ha Hero cepLl,HTCH. MaTh na nee paccep,rvrrcR.
(Bbl, Oller, MaTh, Tbl, SI, TOOI:t pOlUfTeJIH, (MOR nOJIpyrH, cQCeLl,Ka, OTeU, MaTb, 8M,
ceCTpa, 6paT) MM, JI, cocell, npo!Peccop)
5. Sergey returned on Wednesday. IipaThJl sepHyJllfClt a cpeLl,Y.
Sergey will return on Wednesday. 6pan.A aepayral cpelQ'.
CepreH sepHyJlCSI B cpeLl,Y. (11', aee, y60puUIU,a, ceKpeTapb, Mbl,
Cepreii BepHih"C1l B cpe.lO'. TypllC'I'bl, JOpa II OJler, 8b1)
RESPONSE DRILL
I'm always well. Tb"r acerlla 3JIop6aa.

I never go to the doctor. ru HHKOrLl,a lie 06palluieuJhCH K apa'fj.
R BcerLl,3 3Ll,0p08. (y'tHTemi, B1>I, cecTpa, HHKOJlaH, HaTawa.
Jl UHKOrLJ,8 He 06pauuilOClt K Bpa'iY. MM, .ueS}'lllKH)
LESSON 16 381
DISTRIBUTION OF THE REFLEXIVE PARTICLE -eM OR -eh
SINGULAR PLURAL
PRES~fUT first person -c. first person -c.

second person -CH second person -Cb
third person -CH third person -c.
PAST (m) -CII (n) -Ch (f) -c. (pi) -Ch
IMPER -c. (after consonants [including it})

-Cb (after vowels)
DISCUSSION
ReOexive verbs are those ending in the particlc -01 or -Ch, with -CR occurring after conso'nants
(including ii) and -Ch occurring after vowels. Many Russian verbs have both reflexive and non-
reflexive forms. Some, like IlpaSHThcH, affl never used without the reflexive partjcle.
Reflexive verbs cannot have an accusative direct object; from the historical standpoint, the
direct object is the attached particle -CM or -Ch, which is derived from the reOexivc pronoun CM.
However, the accusative may be used if preceded by a preposition: Oil pacccpluiJlCH na HHIlY He got
mad at Nina.
Most of the other cases may accompany rcOexive verbs, both with and without prepositions,
for example:
O'N 61160HTCH HHIll"-. He's afraid of Nina.

OAT 611YlummieTcH HMlle. He's amazed at Nina.
OAT 06paTucb K OCMDOOY! Consult Osipov!
INSTR XOTUTe II03l1aKOMliTbC" c "eli? Want to meet her?
Note on pronunciation: Many Russian speakers do not pronounce the C of --eft or -Cb soft,
despite its spelling. It should never be pronounced soft in the infinitive and third person forms where
-l"b and -1' precede it. In this position it combines in a long, hard, unreleased [cl, which we indicate
in the transcription by ftc]. Thus, for example, both the infinitive oepujThcH and the third person
plural SCPHYTCH are pronounced exactly alike: [yirn(lt~].
Reflexive verbs encountered and drilled in this lesson are given below in all their forms.
I. First conjugation
06panuh,;>CH (ipfv) (K + dat) to turn to, consult, go 10

PAST o6pauul.rJcSI, 06pamanacb, o6paruaJIOCb, o6paruaJIliCb
PRES 06parualocb, o6pamaeUJbcSl, -eTcSl, -CMCSl, -CTCCb, -IOTCH
lMPER 06pam,H-icSl! 06pall.l.aihech!
B030P31l.l.hbCH (ipfv) (K + dat) to return, come back

PAST B03BpamancH, B03Bpauulnacb, -OCh, -WCb
PRES B03Bpam:alOCb, B03BparuaellJbC", -eTCSI, -eMC}I, -eTeCb, -IOTCSI
rMPER B03spalUaiicH! B03Bpam:aitTecb!
382 LFSSON 16
BcpnYrbCR (pfv) (imperfective BOJBpaUlllThcx) 10 relum, come back
PAST BepHyJlCll, BcpllyJlaCb, -OCb, -Heb
FUT aep"ycb, aepHCWbC1l, ~CTCll, -eMCll, -CTCCb, -y,.Cll
IMPER Beplllicb! OCpHHTecb!
"aJan.CA (ipfv) (mostly used impersonally with the dative) to seem, appear
PAST KaJ3JJCX, KaJinac1., -OC1., -UCh
PRES KaJKyc1., KaJKeWbCSl, -CTCJI, -eMCSl, -eTeCb, -TCSl
IMPER (not used)
2. Second conjugation
06panin.C1I (pfv) (imperfective 06pauuiTl>C1l) to turn to, consult, go 10
PAST 06paTHJlCll, o6paTHnaCb, -OCb, -HCh
FUT 06pamych, 06panfwbCJl, -HTCll, ~HMCjl, -,iTeCh, -liTCli
IMPER 06paTHCh! o6paniTeCb!
ceplUiTbc'll (lpfv) (ua+ ace) to become angry, to get mod

PAST cep.nHJlCSI, cepllllllacLo. -OCb, -IlCb
FUT cep)KyCb. cep,11IlWI.>CSI, -IiTCR, ~liMCJ'I, -UTeCh, -SITCS!
IM.PBR [lie] ceplUicb! rue 1ccp.nilTeCb!
paccepJtHTbC'll (pfv) (conjugated like the imperfective ceprotTbC'll) to become angry. to get mad
CTallOBrnCH (ipfv) to stalld, get, becO[ne

PAST craHOBKnell, CTalloBlinach, --OCb, -IiCh
PRES craHOBJUOch, CTaHOOKWbCll, -JITell, -HMCll, -HTeCh, -llTCJJ
IMPER CTaHOBlfCb! CTaIlOBHTecb!
CJJYoofn.CR (pfv) (used only in the third person) to happen
PAST CJJy':lKnOl, CJJ)"tKnaeh, -0Cb. -UC1.
PRES CJJy':lHTCll, CJIY'fhCII
IIpaBHTbCH, nOHpaBHTbCH
Moom.s
LITo BaM nOtipaBIlJlOCb? What did you like?
- Mile nmlpllallJlCli ((E8n~IIHH OHl~rHH. I liked Eugene Onegin.
- Mile nOllpalHfJlaCb (,BOHlla H Mlip). I liked War and Peace.
- MHe nOnpaBHJlOCb lIa':lano .:horo <l>KnbMa. I liked the beginning of the movie:
- Mtle nOHp3.BIUlliCb pyccKHe neeHH. I liked the Russian songs.
KT~ re6e nOHpaaHncSl? Whom did you like?

- MHe noupaBHJlCSl BJla.a,~tHp. I liked Vladimir.
- MHe nOHpaBHJlaC1. Han'twa. I liked Natasha.
- MHe nOHp3.BItJIIICb TBOIi cCcTphL I liked your sisters.
Ka.: saM nOHp3.BItJICII 4>Kn1.M? How did you like the movie?
- HaM 4JKn1.M O':lell1. nOllpaBHJlC". We really enjoyed the movie.
KaK saM nOHpaBllnac1. KapTHHa? How did you like the picture?
- HaM .:apnflla O':leUh nOllpauHllaCb. We really enjoyed the picture.
LESSON 16 383
Kax BIIM nOllpaBlfJlOCb ee nCHlte? How did you like her singing?
- H;iM ee nellHe 6'feHh nOHpaBRlIOCh. We really enjoyed her singing.
KaK 83M 11011paB111ll1Ch l1JIaCTHuKH? How did you like the records?
- HaM nJlaCTlillKIl 6'lellh nOllpaBllJlHCh. We really enjoyed the records.
Te6e HpaBIITCJI HCTOP"$!? Do you like history?
- Ha, Mile lie llpaBItTCSl IICTOpHR. No, I don't care for history.
Te6e HpaoHTCJI $H311Ka? Do you like physics?
- HeT, Mm: He HpUHTCJI q,H3HKa. No, I dOD't care for physics.
Te6e "paBSfTCSl ero CTHllH? Do you like his poetry?
- Ha, MHe He HpaBSl1'CSl era CTHXH. No, I don't like his poetry.
Te6e np3.BSlTC$l :hll KapTHHbl? Do you like these pictures?
- Ha, Mne He HpaOSlTCR 3TH Kap1'HHhl. No, I don't like these pictures.
Eli nOHpaBHTcR 31'01' JCocnOM. She'll like this suit.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 31'01' nO,U<l.poK. ____ this present.
_______ :ha nJlaCTHHKa. ____ this record.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3Ta KOMHaTa. ____ thig room.
______ 3-ra YJlI1ua. ____ lhis street.
_______ 31'0 IlJl,ht.e. ____ this dress.
Eii nOHpaBllTCll inl necliH. She'll like these songs.

_______ iTH KliHrH. ____ these books.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3n 'laWKlI. _ _ _ these cups.
Rbi MHe Hp3.BllTeCb. I like you.

6H MHe HpaBH1'CJI. I like him.
Tbi Mile HpaSlIWhC1l. I like you.
OHa Mile HpaBHTCll. I like her.
OHH MHe lIpasRTCll. I like them .
.sf saM HpaBl1fOCb? Do you like me?
My BaM IlpaBHMCll? Do you like us?
REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the given models illustrating HpUHThCII, rtOllpaSHTLCJI. Note- that the one who performs the
liking is in the dative case and that the object of the liking is in the nominative case in Russian.
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
W!Jm don'l you like? He loves to sing loudly.

I do,,'t like this camera. He likes 10 sing loudly.
41'0 BaM He IIp<1.BHTCll? 6H mb6ltT rp6MKO nerb.
\"lIte He HpliBHTCR iTOT IIl1napaT, EMy HpaBHTCfI rpOMKO neTh.
41'0 eMy ne HpaBHTcll? 1i
JII06mo rpOMKO nerb.
EMy He HpaBItTCR :hOT annapliT, Mile IIpaBHTCR rpOMKO neTh.
(eM, re6e, HM, eMy, BaM) (Mbl, oHa, ThI, onH, JI, OH, MbI)
I. We really like lhat girl. (B3lUa CCC"q)a, Baw annapaT, JTa nna-
We really liked that girl. CTHIIKa, 3TOT O'lepx:, B3lU cocell, eawa
HaM O'leHb HpaBHTCH 31'8 lleBytllKa. cocellKa )
HiM O'IeUb HpaaAAacb iTa JleB)'UIKa.
HaM O'leHb HpaBIITCSl no"
6p3.T.
Hi.\I O'letu. KpaBKJlCSI n6ii 6piT.
384 l..fS')()N 16
2. He'/I like lhis /love/. (It X KlJapTllpa, ec nCllIle, 3TJ.f neBUbl, ee
He liked Ihis nOllel. I1CnOJlllCIHfC, ee KapTHHbl, Onccea, BJIa.n.II~
EMy nOllpUSIfTCIl :hOT poM3.H. BOCTOK, JlJrra)
EMj 1I0llpaBH.llCft :hOT poMaH.
EMf noupaBHTCII HaWe oJepo.
EMj UOllpllBH:IOCb IIllme 63epo,
RESPONse DRIl.l.S
I. She's reading Doctor Zhivago. 2. They brought him kasha.

She likes Doctor Zhivago. He didn't like (or care for) kusha.
Olla 'IIITaer )].OKTopa )KHBaro. EMf npHHec.nH dwy.
.ii IIpaeHTCR A6...op )KKuro. KalUa e.\ff He nOllpUK.'18Cl..
OHa CTHXst nywKHua.
'IlIrieT EMf npHIlec.nst 66put.
Eli Hp3BATCR CTMxii nylUKHHa. 60put eMy He noupUM.'lcti.
(poMaH TonCToro, 3TO COHHeHHe, oepK (<(aU, aTnaCbl, KapTy, nopT<PeJH., MaJb,
o ClllA, pa60Tl>l CT}'neHTOB, 3T)' KHHry, CTynbli. KUHry, c.nosapb)
poMaUbl, BOHIlY H MHp), BreHHII
Ouenflfa}
I don'llike IhOl doctor. 3m y66pwHua MHe lie UpaBHTCR.

That doctor doesn'l like me. st iTON yt)Opuume He HpaBJIIOCb.
3TOT nOKTOp Mile He upasHT~.
(OHa, erocecrpa, 3T3 Y"HTeJlbIDlua:'.:)TOT
s1: iTOMy Jl,ol>.,opy He UpWllOCL. npo<peccop, BnaLtHMllP, 3TOT Y"Hl"CJlb)
DISCUSSION
The verb IIpaBHn~ (perfective 1I0IlPUHTLCSI) is best translated into English as to like, enjoy,
care for. but is structurally closer to the English 10 appeal 10. Like lIy>eu, it is used in nominative-
dative constructions which appear backward to the English-speaking studcnt: Rbi Mill?: UpaBKTCCl.
I like you. (Lit. You appeal to me).
As compared with JUo6Kn. to /ike, 101le, be fond oj, HpaBIlTl.CM expresses a milder attitude on
thc part of the speaker. HpaBHThC1l is more typical of situations describing one's immediate emo-
tional reaction, whereas m06HTl. describes a more permanent emotional attitude on one's part.
BAM HpaSHTCM :hOT poM3.H? Do you like this novel?

- D.a. .st ero O'lCHh J1Io6J1Jo. MHaro Yes, I'm very fond of it. I've
paJ era 'I!iTan. read it many times.
'1TEHHE H nHCbMQ
~~/uJL~~~
~ ~ K- ~ ~~. fa U(Y
~~ C IU(.,I(U ~~,~
l..ESSON J6 38S
~ Q-!t-U ~. Jto- t 3nUr ~ ~e /Ul-
r ~ ~ ;uukntUnAY. .Y!to2~ J!l~~

CI1f"~ ~ ~~. ~
~a C&Uac.H-Cl-, U. IHU{.. 1?UUt:- U. .?(l~
()~ 1nV~ "WnQ- ~ e-IUz~nu. (}'~ ~

jf~' H-O- uo- ~ ~ H-e /?-~aerz.. f:lH.a..
~ ~ t.A..CU~ U. /t;y~ e-ek n-t~.
(J~ 'to-tOjUW?V ed/ U?Ur (H(. He ~ ~ ~
fi-~/~~ ~~;.u~.Ck
11f1'~ ~ H.e Co/'-~/ He>- 1Hta. 'td~/
~o+{..~uu~.
(J~ ~ rk-deH-, Ittr ~ CH< ~Mn

cedi- Wf'-t2j'j'tr ~.~ ?~o/z ~,~
e.ay rc-e .fi.~ "UWn-tXnU-/ It<>- H.e c47-d-uue. / ~
~ ,1 ;i-/U<.,j-. {A. .Ja~ J ~d, U- ~ad
~ ?:.i y~ $~ ~/J'?~ tlfi-
teuj'Cl- ~ U- /7Z.O-'t:.H.tr ,ft!d.a.BnZ. tfd~ 'W7U>- 2<>--
~ j-<HU?1.-Ojz..
- I1HTepecHo, KTO CTPOUJI :hy UepKOBb?

- He 3H{1I0, OHa OQCHb CTapa~.
- Tenepb TaKHX He CTpOSlT.
- Tenepb, nO~M6eMYt uepKBeH Boo6w.e He CTpOSIT.
- Hrh, CTpOSlT, HO MallO H He TaKHC, KOHeqHO, KaK iTa.
- A KaKHe )l(c?
- He 3HfnO. TYT B coceAHCM ccm':, KaJKCTCSl, CTpOH. noc3iK,Hi H nocMoTpli.
386 LESSON 16
- 3HaCTe, B HaW ropOD npuexaJl aMcpl1lniHc".tlt Opal{ . ..s1 D'ICpa C HKM nOJlla,,6MHlIC~.
- BOT '.IHTCpCcHO! 6H npHexall elona )l(HTb ?
- Her, ou npMexa.st nocMoTpeTb, "iuc pa66TafOT HaW"spallH.
- J.1 '{TO )1(, CMy nOUp3SHJlOCb?
- He 3Hfuo, MbJ 66J1bWC rOBOpHmt: 06 AMepHKc, 'IeM 0 opa'lax.
- (J>HnHnn, nOKalKHTC MHe saw annapciT, nO:lKfUIyHCTa.

- Bbi eme He BKJ:tenH aMcpHdHCKHX annapaTOB?
- Her. 68 xopow6 CHHMaeT?
- Aa, H ,nosoncu. n6MJUnc, ,i BaM n0K33bJSan LtSCTHWC CUHM"H?
- A, nOMHJO: BH:,ru,1 Jleca, 63cpa, none".
- HennoxHc, npae.na?
- ):la, 6'1CIIb KopOWHe. Y MCH.si TaXHC He BblXO,lVIT.
- A "aKO" y BaC annap.h?
- 36pKHHl>.
- Bbl '1aCTO XOJl.HTC nCUJKoM?

- H6T, 6'1CHb peAKO.
- BOT cpf13y BHllHO, <fTO UbI aMepltdH~U,
- A nO'fCMy Rbi Jl.yMacTc, 'ITO aMCp"K3:HQbl MaJlO xo.run?
- MRC nix rOBOpJUlIf. J1 rypHCTbI "3 AMepHKH BCer,lta TOJIbKO eJJJ,llT, "HKOrn3. He
xo,Un.
- HY. ryPHCTbl - no JJ.pyr6e JJ.eno. Xoni Bb!: np3Bbl: MbI: .m06HM e3JJ.HTb.
Oner OlfeRb xOpOwIDi CTYJJ.euT. HTOB3pm.lUl o6palU3wTcSI K HeMj, KorJJ.3 He nOHHM3loT

neKwd:f. 6H HM ocerna nOMoraeT. Ho cero,lJ.fU1 OH He n6MHltT. 0 iteM roBOpHn npo$&:cop.
OH Bee SpeMSI c.\.1:or;I Ha 3HHy H HWlero He cnb!:wan. 3TO O'leHb crp3HHO. BnpO'leM, :ho
co BcRKHM MOJKeT cny'lIITbCSI.
BonOASI ny-MaeT, 'ITO nopa "nTH ,I10MOH. CeAlfac yJKe n63JlHO, OU YCTan, a 3c1STpa eMy
HanO MHOro pa6oTaTb. Ho ranSl He XO'leT H.a.n{ .a.oMoA, ei1 XO'leTCSI elUe norymiTb. EA
HpaoHTCSI :hOT nec H 03epo, S03,11YX TaKoA CBeJKUH. Ho 'ITO .o.e.naTb? EcnH Ha.a.O HJJ.TH, TO,
KOHC'lHO, oml nOi1JleT.
- Hy BClT, annaph rOT6s. CaJlHCb, Kan:, 3.o.ecb. $I XOlfY OHlleTb Te6.1i, :ho o3epo H
HaW .a.OM.
- Bee cp<by?
- KOHe'lHo.
- A CmtMKH 6y,l1YT ueeTHwe?
- Aa. T6nbKo CHJlH, nOJK3.nyHCTa, cB06oJJ.HO H He AyMaii: 0 TOM, IfTO ~ re6.1i CHHMalO.
- XO):>oUJO, li 6yJ1Y .nYMaTb 06 JlO3MeHaX, H y MeHli 6yneT CKYlfHblii: BH.n.
- He rOBopH rnynOCTH. ,lJjM3H, HanpHMep 0 T3.HuaX B'lepa B KJ1y6e.
- H KaK li TaM ynana? Hy, He cepnUCb. .sf GYAY .nYMaTb 0 Te6e. XOlfeUJb?
- BOT :ho Apyr6e Aeno. 3TO MHe HpaoHTCSI.
LESSON 16 387
LESSON 17
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION 33 rpu6allolH
,'pM, -a mushroom
33 (pius inslr) for, after (to get); behind, beyond, across
nOe,lJ,eM B Jlec Ja rpH6aMH. Let's go to the woods after mushrooms.
HaHnt (pfv I) (like nORTH) to find
CMOTJUt, Kante .Ii HallleJ1 rpu6w! Look what mushrooms I found!
TOlfKa dot, point, period
c (pius instr) with, together witb, and
CMcrrpti, .. atate Ii Haute.'1 rpH6W: Look what mushrooms I found: red ones
KPac......e c 6enI>L\oIH TO"U'8.\oIM. with white dots!
8w6pocHTh (pfv II) ~
to throw out (or away), discard
Bw6pollIy, 8w6poc"llIh, -SIT
:no 1lJ10XMe, Bhl6pocb! Those are bad; throw them away!
BOT Jl()Cli.Qa! Darn it!
paCTH (I) (pres pacry, paCTelllb. -)iT; to grow
past p6c,pocna,-6,-u)
Ax ry-r MHoro paCTeT! There are lots of tbem growing here!
MKa fir tree, spruce tree; Christmas tree
A HX TjT ItO,/], wKaMH MHOro There are lois of them growing here under
paCTCT. the fir trees.
pyKa, -" (ace sg PYxy); pyKIl, pyK hand, arm
BWTepeTb (pfv I) (ful BblTPY, BWTJ>elllL, to wipe, wipe off, wipe dry
-YT;past BWTep, B~pna,-o.-H)
Bbn-PH PYKH_ Wipe your handsoff.
nRaTOIC, ~n:a handkerchief, kerchief
8M nRaTOK, abrrpJt pyKJt. Here's a handkerchief; wipe your hands off.
nOAMan (pfv I) (fib .uenaTb) to do
<no )It" nOllenaelllb! it can't be helped! wbat can you do!
tho :.: 1tO~'1aernb! BOT WlaTo", It can't be helped! Here's a handkerchief;
BbrrpH py..M. wipe your hands off,
lfTO-1tI16YlIb (gen '1er6-uH6YAb) anything
A TW, TlUtR, HalWTa ..-riHtH6YAb? And how about you, Tanya, have you
found anything?
389
118, 6eJlble. Yes, white ones.
Orntll 6oJlbwoif II 'len:'pe Manetlbl"IIX. One big one and four little ones.
A BOH TOT rpli6, xOpOwllii? How about that mushroom over there;
is it a good one?
nepeRO, -a; llepCBbJl, beB Uee
A sOH TOT r]MI6, :13 nepeaOM. How about that mushroom over there
xopOonlii? behind the tree; is it a good one?
HecKOJIbKO (plus gen) several, some, a few
eme HeeKOJlbKO a few more, several more, some more
)la. A BOH TaM eme HecKonbKO. Yes, and over yonder are a few more.
miCT, -3.; miCTbJl, JlHCTbea leaf
nOA (plus instr) under, underneath, beneath;
near (a city)
A Ron TliM: nOll miCTMIMII And over yonder under the leaves are
ewe necteOJIbKO. a few more.
R lIoii~ nOCMOTpW. I'll go take a look.
TPaBa grass
Ail, 'ITO 3TO rjT a Tpaae? Hey, what's this in the grass here?
nOJl3TH (I) (pres nomy, -eWb, -y-r; to be crawling (or creeping)
past non3, nOJ13J13., -0, -Ii)
Ai. 'ITO iTO TjT B TpsBe 1l0JI:le-r? Hey, what's this crawling in the grass here?
3Mesi:, -Ii; 3Melt, 3Meii snake?
r ne? :)yo :lM:eK! Where? It's a snake!
JVUDuwj; long
Yx, KaKa51 wuimtu! Ooh, how long it is!
nanKa stick
61ITb (I), 6btO, 6btlllb, 6MOT to beat, rut, strike
lie" ec nanKoii! Hit it with a stick!
CKOpee (or cKopeii) quick, hurry up (iii. sooner,
faster, more quickly)
CIWpCe! Deii ce n3..nKoM! Quick! Hit it with a stick!
K8.MeHb, KaMwl; -11, --eM (m) stone, rock
A li K3.MHeM. And I'll use a rock. (Lif. And I with a rOJ(k.)
CICOpee 6eii ee ullJIlCoii, Quick, hit it with a stick and I'll use
a li - KiMHeM. a rock.
y6lfB<i.Tb (I), y6llsa.o, -eWb. -lOT to kill
OCT3.BbTe ce, 3a'leM y6HBaTb? Lea ve it alone; why kill it?
atm, .neTCif children
OcTaubTe ce,. Jim, Ja'leM y6HB3n.? Leave it alone, children; why kill it?
nyCTb let
OYCTb oua JKJIlIh. Let it live!
{krinTe ee, .nen.. la'le,\f y6Kdn.? Leave it alone, children; why kill it?
n yen. lICIIBiT. Let it live!
ynOJlJnI (pfv I) (/ike nOJlJTH) to crawl away, creep off

Hy sOT. JMeti YOOJlJJJa. See now, tbe snake got away.
390 LESSON 17
MewaTb (I) 10disturb. hinder. interfere, butt in;
mix, stir
Tbi, "tlbIB, BCCI',zui MeUJaClIlh. You're always butting in, mamma.
HeB03MO)KIlO impossible
c T06o" with you
C To60" HeB03MO)kHO XOllHTb B nee. It's impossible going to the woods with you.
C T066ii upOcTo Hea03.~O*"o It's jusl impossible going to the woods
XOroiTh B .nee. with you.
SUPPLEMENT
ChlH, -a; CbIIlOBbH, CblHOoeii son

ClCOJlblW Ysac CbUJO&eH? How many sons do you have?
AO~h,Ao~epH;-H,-eH daughter
CKonblCO y sac AO'fepeii? How many daughters do you have?
.lUiJ:uI, -H; -It,-eii uncle
CxOJlbKO y BAc we"? How many uncles do you have?
ren, -It; -It, --eM aunt
CkOJlbKO y B3C TeTeM? How many aunts do you have?
ne.qyrnKa (gen pi n~clC) grandfather
rne )kHoe-r BaW neAYWlCa? Where does your grandfather live?
6fl6YWICa (gcn pi 63.6ywCK) grandmother
Cae )l{HBeT 83wa 636YWka? Where does your grandmother live?
HaxO.aHTb (n) (like XOAHTh) to find
51 scer.aa HaxoJ!Cj 3.lJ.ecb rpH6h1. I always find mushrooms here.
HaXOLlHThCR (II), HaxO.aJlTCR, HaxolUlTcR to be located, to be situated
rAe HaXOJJ.HTCH saw KOJlX03? Where is your collective farm located?
38 ropo.a [zA~rntl 10 the country, out of town, to the suburbs
noeAcM 38 ropoA. Let's drive to the country!
33. ropoAOM [z.Ag~r:xJ~mJ out of town, in the country, in the suburbs
Mw lKHseM 38 ropoAoM. We live out of (own or We live in Ihe country.
1C0pOn:H" short
51 HanHwy eMf ICOpOTI(oe IlliCbMO. I'll write him a shorlletter.
S03MO)l(HWii (adv S03MO)l(HO) possible
B03MO)l(HO, 'ITO 611 y)l(e oepHyJICJl. It's possible he's already returned.
ChlH CMOTpH, lCaKHe Ii HaWell rpH6bJ: KpaCHble c 6ellblMH T6'lKaMJI.
M8n 2 31'0 nllOXHe, Bbl6pocb! I
Chill 3 BOT )],oca)],a! A HX liT no)], eMaMH Muoro paCTeT!
MaTh 4 41'0 )K no)],enaellJb! B03bMH nJlaTOK, BWl"pH PYICH. 2.} A TW, TaUH, HallJml.
'lTO-UH6YAb?
)lO'lb 5 ):{a. 6eJIble. o4 OAHH 601lbWOU H qeTbipe ManeHbKHX.
LESSON 17 391
Chm 6 MaMa, a SOH n>T rpH6, 33 nepeSOM, xopoUHlA?
Man. 7 .ll.a. A 6011 TaM non JUfCTbSlMJ.! ClUe HCCKOJlbKO.
,AO'lb 8 >1 noAny nocMoTpIb. Aii, 'ITO :ho * a Tpaae nOJ13eT?
ChJH 9 r.ne? 3TO 3Mesil Yx, KaKilSI ,l])IHHHa$l! CKOpee 6CM ee nanKOH, 3 si - K3.MHeM!
MaTb 10 OCTaobTe ee, .nm, 3a'leM y6uo3.Tb 1s nYCTb )KUaeT!
Chili 11 Hy aOT, ynon3Jla. Tbl, MaMa, ocer.na MewaCWb. C TOGO" npOCTO He003MO)I(HO
XO.D.HTb B nee.
NOTES ' Russians are great mushroom lovers and usually know how to tell a good
mushroom from a bad one. The red ones with the white spots picked by tbe son
are the poisonous MyxOMOpw toadstools (lit. flykillers).
J After touching poisonous mushrooms one must wash, or at least wipe, one's
hands clean.
J pY""lI means botb hands aDd arms; likewise Hont means both feet and legs.
IieJlblii rpti6 edible Boletus is considered a delicacy by Russians. It has a
brown cap whicb is spongy underneath. The mushroom is called white because of
the color it acquires when dried; most other species tum dark.
s The noun ~eTM children has an archaic singular form .romi baby, child. to
modem Russian tbe word used for baby or child is pe6eHOK; its grammatical plural
pe6liTa is used in the special sense of kids, gill'S, or fellQws.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION "Hpar C rpH6aMH
nllp6r, -it pirog (kind of pie)

"Hp6r c rpl16aMH pirog filled with mushrooms
Rbi m06HTe flllp6r c rpll6aMIl? Do you like pirog with mushrooms?
CTY'HiTb (II), CTy'ly, -11mb, -aT to knock, bang, rap, pound
TaM, KibKeTCR, CTy'laT. Someone seems to be knocking.
AJlelllll! TaM, K8)KeTCH, Cly'laT. Alyosha, someone seems to be knocking.
noilAli, nO)KaJIYHCTa, OTKpOii. Please go open the door.
onCT, -a, -0, -bl dressed
A He Ol,eu. l'm not dressed .
.4., :ho Tbr. Jh06a! 3axoAli. Ah, it's you Lyuba. Come in!
CTllpan (I) to wash, launder
8u. C11IpaeT. Valya's doing tbe laundry.
Oua cmac npM,AlT, She'll be right in.
MJlllyTKa (var. of MIIHj"ra) a minute
Ha MIIHYnY for a minute (or moment)
A Ha MKH:YrKy. I can only stay a moment.
CHAM" with us, together with us
392 LESSON 17
A :Jauma npHrJJ3C......b alic I dropped in to invite you to have
c "aMlt uoo6e.!J.3Tb. dinner with us.
3,tqullJCTIJyi, MliJIatI.. Hello, dear.
Kor.zt;i Thl aepnYJJaa.? When did you get back?
c .aeTbMH with the children, and the children
KorJUi. TW e .QeTbMH Bepuynacb? When did you and the children get back'!
Ha3a.A ago, back
l.fac Hub. An hour ago.
AByx'facoaoii two-o'c1ock (adj), two-hour (adj)
qae Hau)];, ABYXllacoBWM nOe3Jl.OM. An hour ago, on the tWQ-O'c1ock train.
wam;a cap
nOTepsiTb (pfv I). nOTepliJo, -eWb, -JOT to lose
neTSI nOTepli.n warney. Petya lost h.is cap.
6b1 (unstressed particle) would, would have
Mbl 61.1 paHbwe aepHymfcb, HO netSl We'd have relumed earlier, but Petya
nOreplfJl WaUKy. lost his cap.
npltf11'11Ch (pfv 1) (used with dat) to have to, to be forced to
HaM npHJ.tcTC$I HCl<aTb mamey. We'll have to look for the cap.
HaM npHwn6cb JlCdTb marney. We had to look for the cap.
MW 61>1 PUbUlC BepHym.eL, HO ntr. We'd have returned earlier, but Petya lost
DOTCpin winKy, H HiM npHlIL'16ct. his cap and we had to hunt for it.
ciS Het..-an..
Hy KllK? MHoro "'pHooB lIauulli? Well, how about it; did you find many
mushrooms?
MaCCa mass, lots, plc'my, a great many
Mllcey. Loads.
"Cne'll> (pfv I) (fut IlcneKy, IICne'lCWb, to bake
HcneKYT; past HcnCK, HcnelUla, -C, -H)
-st}')Ke HCneKJIa llHp6r. I've already baked a pirog.
CBapHTb (pfv II), cBap.o, cBilpHWb, -HT to cook (by boiling)
ern soup
H y*e MCnc,wa uupOr H CBapHJJa eYn. I've already baked a pirog and made soup.
npHXO.nHTe K HaM ua ooe.!J.. Come to our place for dinner.
Eonbw6e cnacH60. Thanks very much.
Kal< T6JlbKO as soon as
nptl,ne."I. tcatl: TOnbKO Ii KOH'f)' We'll come just as soon as I finish
CTHpan.. washing.
OCTIiTbCM (pfv I), OCTIiUyCb, -eWbCfl, -)'TCfl to be left, to remain

A Te6e cme MH6ro ocni.JJOCL ? And do you have much left to do?
pyGawKa shirt, slip
.o61<a ,Illil
Hk, ONU! IOOKa H ABe py6iu.n.::fl. No, one skirt and two shirts.
Hy. KOHlI," eKOpeii, H nptlXo)UiTe. Well, hurry and finish and come on over!
6Y.aeM alie :JIan.. We'll be expecting you.
U'SSON 17 393
SUPPLEMENT
clxap sugar
Bw ot.eTe 'fail c clxapoM? Do you drink your tea with sugar?
mlMOH lemoo
J1: m,tO 'faM CJlHM6HOM. I drink my tea with lemon.
yd fish soup, fish chowder
Mbi 6'fCRb Jlt06HM yxy_ We like fish chowder very much.
Jlaowa (sg only) noodles
cYn c mUIlUOH noodle soup
K!K Ba.", HpaBlITCI cyn c JlanW6H? How do you like the noodle soup?
6YJlbOn consomme, bouillon soup, broth
npHuecHTe MlIe, no*anYHCTa, 6ym.6H. Bring me consomme. please.
6yJlKa large roll, small loaf of French bread
KYIItlTe J1Be 6yJlKH. Buy two loaves of French bread.
6YJlo'fl(a roll
KymfTe, nOJKanyMCTa, 6y1l0'leK. Please buy some rolls.
)KeHa J.tcneKmi 3TH 6y1l0IK". My wife baked these rolls.
ne'lCHbe cookies
J1: UaM KyrtJllO ne'feHb~. I'll buy you some cookies.
TOpT cake
KaKOH BKjCHblH TOpT! What a delicious cake!
ne'lb (I) (like HCne'fb) to bake
Barna *eRa 'faCTO ne'feT? Docs your wife bake often?
Baprn (n) (/ike CBapkn.) to cook (by boiling)
BbI: y:e aapHTe ooen? Are you already cooking dinner?
TepJiTb (I) (like nOTepJiTb) to lose, waste
He TepJiHTe Ra 3TO BpeMenH. Don't waste time 00 that.
TOMy H33An. ago
~TO CJl}"IIinOCb ron TOMy Ha38,a. It happened a year ago.
aBTOpy'fKa fountain pen
nHWHTe aBTOpylfKOH. Write with a fountain pen.
...M chalk
nHw,he MenoM. Write with chalk.
HenOB01lCn,-1IbHa,-o,-bJ dissatisfied, displeased
611 UeJlOBOJTCH pe3Y1lbTaTaMH. He's dissatisfied with the results.
1IHp6r c rpHoaMH
Ba..n.Jt (BaJIelmiJla)
Merna (AnekcCH, ee MYJtc)
Jlt06a (JlK>668b, HX coceJlKa)
BanJt ArIcwa! TliM, kWKeTcJt", C'ryIHiT. nOH,lJ,H, nO)KanyHCTa, OTKp6H. jj He O,lJ,eTa.
Anerua 2 A, ;ho Tbl, flfb6a. 3axo.lJ)i, BaJUI CTHpacT, OHa ceii'l3C npH,lJ,CT.
394 l.ESSON 17
11106a 3 jf Ila MIiHyTKy. 3awmi npHrJlaCHTb Bac C HaMH noo6cJJ.aTb.
BanJi 4 3JtpaoCTByH, MJtJ13.J1. Koma Tbt C JteTbMH oepnyJlacb?
5 4ac lIaJ<l.n, .l(ByX'faCOBblM n0e3AoM. 1 Mw 6b! pallbWe BepnyJlIiCb, HO neTJI

nOTepsin WaUKy, H HaM npHWJlOCb ee HCKaTb.
AJIewa 6 H oj dx? Mu6ro rpH60B HawnH?

11Ib6a 7 Macey. jf )')KC HcneKna IlHp6r H cBapHna cYn. 2 npH1WJtHTe K HaM ua 06CJJ..
BaJlJl 8 C 60nbllntM yJtOBOJlbCTBHeM. npli,O,CM, KaK TOJ1bKO R KOH'iy cTlipaTb.
Anewa 9 A Te6e ewe MH6ro OCTaJlOcb?

BanJl 10 HeT, oJUla Ib6Ka Ii ,O,ot': py6awKIi.
11106a II Hy, KOH'faH cKopeii, Ii npHxoJtJtTe. IiYJJ.eM BaC )K,O,aTb.
NOTES I It is not uncommon for Russians to take a train to the country, and then go
to the forest to pick berries or mushrooms, or just to hike.

2 nHpOr is a kind of pie, usually rectangular in shape, which contains any of
various fillings, for example, meat, cabbage, mushrooms, rice, eggs, carrots, or any
combination of these ingredients. The sweet variety with a fruit filling is called
CJIlI,1l,KKH DHpOr sweet pie and usually does not have a crust on top. Small individual
ones encased in dough are called nHpo*KH (singular IIHpo-oK) or, if slightly larger,
DMporii.
I. KCM a JloaOJlell? With whom is he pleased?

- To66ji. With you
- Mlloii. With me.
-BaMH. With you.
- BJlanHMHpoM. With Vladimir.
-11M. With him.
- Talleii. With Tanya.
- Eii (bo). With her.
- CTYJlCllT3MH. With the students.
-"MH. With them. ,.
2. 4CM MHC nl1c{lTb? What should I write with?
-3THM xapaltaWoM. Use this pencil.
-3TOii aOTopy'lKOH. Use this fountain pen,
LESSON I7 395
lh~Ml\1He Hap6a1'b xJle6? What should I cut the bread with?
- 3nlM nO:lKOM. Use this knife.
4eM MHe BbI1'epe1'b pyKH? What should I wipe my hands with?
- 3niM lUla1'KOM. Use this handkerchief.
4eM MHe MCWaTh cYn? What am I to stir the soup with?
- 31'Oil nOJKKoiL Use this spoon.
3. C KeM OCTaHyrCJl naH'1 With whom are the children going to stay?
-Co MHoiL With me.
-C M<lTepblO. With their mother.
- C po.llliTe.Jul:MH. With their parents.
-C omoM. With their father.
- C 6a6yrnKoit With their grandmother.
- C AlineH. With their uncle.
- C neJIYllIKoH. With their grandfather.
-C TeTeH. With their aunt.
4. .st
Iloeny BMecTe C OneroM. I'll go along (or together) with Oleg.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c p0Il.HTemIMM. __________ with my parents.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c .ne1bMH. __________ with the children.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C 3THMH JllOll1>M". _________ with these people.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C CbUlOM. __________ with my son.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C llolepblo. __________ with my daughter.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c 6a6yrnKoii. __________ with grandmother.
S. nmmrre KapaullawoM. Write with (or in) pencil.

___ MenoM. _ _ _ _ _ _ chalk.
___ PY'lKOH. _ _ _ _ _ pen.
___ aBTOpY'lKoK. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fountain pen.
_ _ _ DepOM. _ _ _ _ _ pen.
He CT)"Ili HOJKOM! Don't rap with your knife!
____ nO:KoH! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ spoon!
____ BHnKOH! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fork!
He CTy"IHTe uoraMH! Don't tap with your feet!
HapetKb xmS6 3THM 1I0)KOM! Slice the bread with this knife!
_ _ _ orypLtbI ! __ the cucumbers !
MewailTe cyn :lToilllepeBliulIoii nO:lKKoH! Stir the soup with this wooden spoon!
6. Bbl n"ere ',,'Iii. c n11MOllOM? Do you drink your tea wilh lemon?
- HeT, 6e3 nHMolla. No, without lemon.
Bbl nheTe '1:Hi c clxapoM? Do you drink your lea with sugar?
- Her, 6e3 clxapa. No, without sugar.
8bI Dt>eTe '1aii c MonoKoM? Do you drink your tea with milk?
- HeT, 6e3 Monod. No, without milk.
8bI n..eTe '1aH c nHMoHoM Do you drink your lea with lemon and sugar?
H clX~poM?
- Her, 6e:J HH'Icr6. No, withoul anything.
7. lia6ywKa IlcnclUla nHp6r c rpH6aMH. Grandmother baked a mushroom pirog.

_ _ _ _ _ _ nHp6r c pbI60K. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a fish pirog.
______ llea nHpora. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ two pirogs.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ HecKonbKo nHporCB. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ several pirogs.
396 LESSON 17
1i<l.6yuJK3 HCnCKJIa. 6yJIO'IKH. Grandmother baked rolls.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 6YJIXY ______________ a loaf of white bread.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 6ynKH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Iarge rolls.
8. )Kena csaplllla cYn. My wife cooked soup.

___________ BKyCH~HC~. ___________ a delicious soup.
_________ cYn c JIanwoil:. _______ noodle soup.
_____ cYn c rpH63MH. ___________ soup with mushrooms.
_ _ _ _ _ 6ynboH. __________ consomme.
_ _ _ _ 66pm. _ _ _ _ _ borsch.
___________ nauwy. _ _ _ _ _ noodles.
9. 3HHa XO'lCT c ToOOii n03HateOMIITbCJJ. Zina wants to meet you.

-Co Muoii?! Me?
n03HaKoMbTecb, :ho Cl>uJlltnn rpfurr, rd like you to meet each other; Philip Grant.
:ho JIeB HHli:onaeBH'I. Lev Nikolaevich.
Cl>KnHnn, n0311aXOMbC$I co JIbBOM Philip, meet Lev Nikolaevich.
HHICOJIaeSII'leM.
- Mbi y;e 3HaICoMbl. We're already acquainted.
lleB HIlKona.eBH'l, n03HateOMbTeCb Lev Nikolaevich, meet Philip Grant.
c Cl>lUulnnOM rpauTOM.
- Mbi y.e B'lepa n03I1aICOMHllHCb. We already met yesterday.
10. n0311aKOMb MelUl c Map"eii. Introduce me to Maria.
_______ c CepreeM. _ _ _ _ _ Sergey.
____________ c TaO"MH CblH06bJiMH. _______ your sons.
____________________ .D.O'lephMJt. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daughters.
..,- .ueTbMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ children .
O'leHb nplUiTllo c ea.MH n03113KOMlfTbCJl. I'm very glad to rT\cct you.
Dbi 311aKOMbl c MOOi! KHHroii? Are you familiar with my book?

________ c MmtM poMa.UOM? ____________ with my novel?
_______ c MOHMH paOOTaMH? ____________ with my works?
II. OH Mile MewaeT. He bothers me.

OHH MHe MCWa.IOT. They bother me.
.s1 RaM He McwalO? I'm not disturbing you, am I?
Dbl MIIC lie MewaeTC. You're not dislurbing (or bothering) me.
Tw MIlC IlC MewaCWh. You're not disturbing (or bothering) me.
12. Dbl 1l0TeplieTC Muoro apeMeHH. You'll lose (or waste) a lot of time.
6" nOTeplicT ~ He'll lose (or wastc)' _
.s1 nOTCplilo _ I'll lose (or waste)I _
aHH nOTCpJiloT _ They'll lose (or wasle) _
611 nOTCplin wanKy. He lost his cap.

alia 110TepJiJIa I1JIaTOK. She lost her (hand]kerchief.
QII" nOTCpRnH miTb py6nci!. They lost five rubles.
13. HaM npHlleTCSl noATH
B Mard3liu. We"1I have to go to the store.
_ _ _ _ _ pa66TaTb B cy6oory. _____ to work on Saturday.
______ HcdTb pa66ry. ____ to look for work.
______ obi6pocHTh 3TH JJHMOHbI. ______ to throw these lemons out.
lESSON I7 397
HaM npHJJ.CTCR CTHpaTh JTH py6aWKH. We'll have to wash these shirts.
______ ocTaTbcR 1'fT eutc HenCJUo. ____ to stay here another week.
______ llonro )J(naTh. ____ to wait a long time.
______ Ih npllrJJ3CHTb. ____ to invite them.
14. 011 CTOJlJJ

3a nepeBoM. He stood behind the tree.
_ _ _ _ _ nOMoM. ______ lhe house.
_ _ _ _~H366H. ______ lhe hut.
_ _ _ _ _ KHOcXOM. _______ the newsstand.
_ _ _ _ CTon6M. ______ the table.
_ _ _ _ .asephfO. ______ the door.
_ _ _ _ _ .D.BephMH. ______ the doors.
15. KJJfO'iH noJl. Jl.sephfO. The keys are under the door.
_ _ _ _ nopT~eM.
, _______ the briefcase.
_ _ _ _ Kop66xoiL ______ the box.
_____ )J(ypHanoM. _______ the magazine.
_____ ClUfMX3MH. _______ the snapshots.
_____ xlUfr3MH. ______ the books.
16. rlJ,e UaXOlJ,HTCSI Bam .nOM? Where's your house located?

- 33. ropo,nOM. Oul of town.
- 3a JJecoM. Beyond the forest.
- 3a napKoM. Across the park.
- 3a 63epoM. Across the lake.
17. AO'lb BepHynach HelJ,e.nfO TOMy 1Ia3~. The daughter returned a week ago.
_______ min HeJ1e.nb TOMY Ha.J3JI. _________ five weeks ago.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ MecJlLl. TOMy Ha.J3JI. ________ a month ago.
_______ ro,n TOMy 1Ia.J3JI. _ _ _ _ _ _ _-'--- a year ago.
_______ ,noa rolla TOll.fj 1Ia3a.n. _________ two years ago.
18. Mbi: Jl.OrOBOpKnHCb lIa cpe.ay. We made a date for Wednesday.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33BTpa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tomorrow.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cne.a)'lOutHH
nOHelle.nbHRX. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ next Monday.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Cnell)'lOUI}'lO
miTIIHu,y. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ next Friday.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'I3.C. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ one.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ).I,eBHTb '1ac6B. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nine o'clock.
Pronunciation practice: the unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants

The unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants in word final position.
The letter 6 pronounced [p1
A. The letter 6 pronounced b] or ~J
The letters 61. pronounced [uJ
[xleb;) xnWa [~epJ xne6
of the bread bread
[rabi] pa6bi: [mpl pa6
slaves slave
[golu'ili) r6ny6H [golugl rony6h
pigeons pigeon
398 LESSON 17
The letter B pronounced (f]
B. The letter B pronounced [v] or IY]
The letters Bh pronounced 10
[slevOl] cneoa nef] )Jeo
on the left Uon
(slivOl) cnHoa (slif] cmis
plum of plums
[ytlyi) .eTBH [yetf] BOTB.
branches branch
C. The lelter r pronounced [g) or (gJ The letter r pronounced [k]
ISdpagi] canonl [sap6k] canor
high boots high bool
[vra~i] aparn [vnik) opar
enemies enemy
(KQi~) KHliTa [kvikJ KIIHr
book of books
The letter 11 pronounced [t]

D. The letter II pronounced [d] or (4]
The letters LU> pronounced (t]
(game!;) J ropona [gor.nJ ropon
of lhe city city
[g6di] ronhl (got] ro,n
years year
[rpe<Ji] Me,nH ['1'elJ MeO.
of copper copper
E. The letter :oK pronounced Iz) The letter pronounced

I:: [~]
[nazI) 110:" [no~] 116:
knives knife
[ko!iJ KO* (ko~] ICO:
hides of hides
The unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants in a non-final position.

A. The letter 6 pronounced [b] The letter 6 pronounced [P]
[ab4ira\] 0611~lpaTh [ap\in't\] 06THpaTb
to peel off to wipe off
[abzi\] 06:ltolTb [ap~i\] 06WH1"b
to make livable to saw
.B. The letter pronounced [v]

B The letter B pronounced (f]
[vbari] B 6ape (fpari) snape
in a bar in a pair
[vz6r) 030P [fsOr] 0 c6p
glance into rubbish
C. The letter 11 pronounced (d J The letter 11 pronounced [t]

[podgar6j] non TOpO" [pdtkar6j] nOll KOpO"
at the foot of a mountain under bark
(pad!i\] nOll}KHTb [paUl\] nommiTh
to heal up to line
!..ESSON I7 399
Nouns in the instrumental case
The instrumental case without a preposition designates the means by which some action is
accomplished. It may specify the tool, instrument, conveyance, agency, or means used to effect the
act; or it may indicate the manner in which the act was accomplished.
Hape)f(h xne6 )TMM 1I0*OM. Cut the bread with lhis knife.
4CM Dbl nJ1:WCTC, Kapall.D:aIDOM? What are you writing with, a pencil?
K,aK 6bl npllcxa.rlll, U0e3,1J,OM? How did you come? By train?
Several prepositions require the instrumental case, the most common of which is c (co) in the
meaning with, in accompaniment With.
51rOBopwl C OTUOM. I was talking with father.
6H nOHl1eT c KoncH. He'll go along with Kalya.
Note: The preposition c must not be used to translate the English with in the sense of by meanso!;
the instrumental case form alone expresses the English with in such situations: "HlllliTe py'iKoii!
Write with a pen!
NOUN ENDINGS IN THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE
SINGULAR
PLURAL
-OM, -eM, ~ ... -ON, -cit, -cit, ~bOO -aMH, -JlMH, -bMii
MODELS
noroBopiITe c coce~OM. Have a talk with your neighbor.

_____ C 6phOM. _______ your brother.
_ _ _ _ _ C OTU.OM. _ _ _ _ _ _ your father.
_ _ _ _ _ C ceKpeTapeM. _______ your secretary.
_ _,---_ _ c yqkre.nCM. _______ your teacher.
_ _ _ _ _ c IUIOCTpaHUCM. _______ the stranger.
_ _ _ _ _ c aMeprnc{lHI~eM . _______ the American.
.sl IlaWeJl 61UIeThI 110~ CrOJlOM. I found the tickets under the table.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ llO~ llHCbMOM. _______ under the letter.
_______ no~ CIl0BapeM. _______ under the dictionary. '"
______ no~ wKa$OM. _______ under the cupboard.
_______ no~ nopT$e.neM. _______ under the briefcase.
_______ no~ 3ll$1BJleHHeM. _______ under the application.
_______ no~ CQ<mneIlHeM. ________ under the composition.
Om! BeplIYJlac~ c ra3/hoii. She came back with the paper.

_ _ _ _ _ _ c pw60ii. _ _ _ _ _ with the fish.
_______ c ICBHrOK. _ _ _ _ _ with the book.
______ c Bo~oii. _ _ _ _ _ _ with the water.
_______ c ceMbea. _ _ _ _ _ _ with her family.
_______ c KBHTaHl.Uleii. _ _ _ _ _ _ with the receipt.
400 LESSON 17
Oml }')Ke rOBop,ina c nOAPYroi. She has already talked with her friend.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c cocelJ,Koii. _________ with her neighbor.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c 6ft6yw"oi. _________ with her grandmother.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c Y'UfTenbHHllei. ________ with her teacher.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c npoAa8wHlleii. ________ with the saleslady.
________ c ne8Hlleii. _________ with the singer.
Omlllonro rOBOpliJia c' MaTepblO. She talked for a long time with her mother.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _~ C A64epblO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with her daughter.
nJl8T6K 6blJl DOA llBepblO. The handkerchief was under the door.
_ _ _ _ _ DOA TeTPa.aLJO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ under the notebook.
_ _ _ _ _ DOA Kop66KOH C M;O!dO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ under the box with
ointment.
_ _ _ _ HO:llCOM..,
He CTy41i KapaHoamOM! Don't rap with your pencil!
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ knife!
_~_Me.nOM! _ _~ chalk!
____ Jl6:;KKoii! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ spoon!
_ _ _ _ 8MKOii! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fork!
____ Hor6i! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ foot!
_ _ _ nAnxoii! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stick (or cane)!
>tDOii!l:y 33 ra.3CTaMH. I'll go get the papers.

_ _ _ _ 33 Oryplla.WI. ____ the cucumbers.
_ _ _ 3a 6yno'lKaM. ____ the rolls.
_ _ _ _ 3a JlHM6HaMH. ____ the lemons.
_ _ _ _ 3a KnHraMH. ____ the books.
_ _ _ _ 3a :lICypH<lJI8MH. ____ the magazines.
_ _ _ _ 3a lll3.xMaT8MH. ____ the chess set.
_ _ _ _ 3a CJlOBapliMH. ____ the dictionaries.
_ _ _ _ 3a CljJIbtLWI. ____ the chairs.
jf JtTPan B KftJYTbl C TOBftPH.LUaMII. I was playing cards with friends.

__- - - - - co CT)'lleHTa.WI. ________ with tbe students.
_______ c ,ll,eBywKa.WI. _ _ _ _ _ _ with the girls.
_______ co CTYlleHTXaMH. ________ with the students.
______ c cecrpaMH. ________ with my sisters.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c ,nP)'3hliMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with my friends.
_______ C POlIIITeJlHMH. ________ with my parents.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C6pAThIlMH. ________ with my brothers.
;- c CblHOBbllMH. ________ with my sons.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c Y'lHTeJI:iMa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with the teachers.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c llO'feph..wi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with my daugbters.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c JleTbMli. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with the children.
Obi ,no86nbHbl cry,neHTaMN? Are you pleased with the (or your) students?
______ CTy,neHTKllMH? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the (or your) students?
_____ npoleccopiMH? _______ the (or your) professors?
______ y4HTenliMH? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the (or your) teachers?
_ _ _ _ _ coce,nMMH? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thc (or your) neighbors?
______ ceKperapliMH? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the (or your) secretaries?
Lffi'iON 17 40 I
RESPONSE DRILL
Here's chalk. BOT aBTopy..Ka.

Write wilh chalk. nHtwiTe ;JBTOpy'lKOii.
B6T Men. (KapaUllam, nepo, pY'lKa, MeJl, anop)"lKa)
nHrnHTe MeJlOM.
I. (bookshelf) He found his cap behind the 2. (sideboard) Did you look under the sideboard?
bookshelf. (6y4>h) BLI HCXan.H no.n 6y+uOM?
(n6mca) Ou uawen wanKy 3a oo.'1Koii. (JUtCTbll) BLI HCK3...rtH nOll JIIfCTbllMH?
(wKAep) 6u Rallien warnr.:y 3a llOOi+oM. (OKIIO, llIKaep, llepeBo, TeTp3llH, Kop06Ka,
(llBepb, 836a, .nOM, 6ycjleT, uepKOBb, llepeBO, c:rym,R, C'ron)
Kopo6Ka, SIIUltK)
I. Go with your brother. 2. I'm acquainted with her wlcles.

Go with your brothers. I'm acquainted with her uncle.
nC>e):lKaH c 6p.hOM! R 3HaKoM C ee llWMH.
n0e3:.dii c 6pliTbRMH! A JHa..oM c ee iliei.
n0e3lJl:iifi c nOllpyroH! $i 3HaKOM C ee 6paTbSlMIi.
noe3,oi c no.npYraMH! A 3HaKOM C ee 6p3TOM.
(c aMepHKaHueM, C TOaapHllteM, C ne (TeTJl:MH, no.npyraMH, J],py:3bSlMH, cecrpa-
BHu.eH, C aMepHll:aHKOH, C neBUOM, CTYPH- MH, coceJlllMH, )"lHTe1IbIlHUaMH, coceIl
CTOM, C ceKpeTapeM, C )"fHTeneM, C npo. ll:aMH, JllIlV1MH)
BOllKHJ(OM)
3. He returned wilh the newspapers. 4. I'll stop by for my neighbors.

He returned wilh the newspaper. fll stop by for my neighbor.
OH BepHyncSi c ra3t:TaMH. $i 3aiiD.Y Ja cocellKaMlt.
On aepuYJlCSl C ra3hoii. A JaiiJ:tj J;J coceJI.Koii.
08 aep"yncJI co CJI0aapHMH. $i JalillY Ja TOaaplfiUaMlt.
On BepHjJlCK co cnoaapeM. A JaiiJ],y J;J TOBapHllleM.
(KapTaMH, *ypHaJlaMH, JaSlaJlemUIMJl, (CTYJ.l.eUTaMI1, aMepl1KalllJ,aMH, CoceJLlfMI1,
ClIHMKaMH, naJIKaMM, 6WleTaMJ.l, nOJ.l.pyraMI1, y'lMTeJlbIIl1UaMH, J.l.py:3bSlMU,
6yJlKaMJ.l, KaMTaUIllUIMM) nCBlIuaMH, J],oKTopaMu)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We hove no milk. 2. Grandfather knows the way.

I'll go get the milk. Follow Grandfather.
Y HaC neT Monod. L{e.nYWKa JUaeT Ilop6ry.
A noW 3a MOJ~. J.fluf Ja .a.eA)'UIKoii.
Y mic HCr 6ynollell:. IOpHH JHaeT J],op6ry.
A noii./Q' 18 6YOO"lKa\la. J.fluf J;J IOpHe.\I.
(lUle6a, orypUOB, caxapa, BOllbl, ll<Ul, (ero OTeu, ero D;enf, ero 6a6ywKa,
6ynKH, nelleHbll, pbl6b1, JlKMOHOB) EareuHH, ero J],RJ],R, ero poJ],K"reJIH, ero
Ten, coce.u, 8..\.1epHKaltCu)
402 ~N 17
1. Is herring sold here? 2. Don't you have a fountain pen?

Yes, thi~ is the line/or herring. I don't like /0 write with a fountain pen.
TYT npo,lJ,aKn cene,lJ,KY? y Te6R HCT aBTOpy\f"H?
)la, :ho o'lepe,ll,b :Ja ceneAKoii. R He JlJ06J1JO mlC:aTb llBTOpy'IKoii.
TYT npo,lJ,aHn lIHMOllbl? y Te6Ji HeT KapaHJl,awa?
)].li. iTo o<tepe.cu. 38 JlKMOuaMH. R He JD06JoO ""can. K8ptumawOM.
(X1Ie6, caxap, 6lU1eTbI, py6a.utK", M01l0KO, (HeT PY'!"H, HeT nepa, HeT Mena, HeT
1II.IMOlfaa, ManH, nnaC-f"UX.H, ne<teHbe) aSTopY\fKH, lIeT KapallJJ.awa)
3. Is Alyosha going too?

Yes, Alyosha and I are going together. )lit MbI C 6piTOM elieM' BMme.
Anewa TO"'C ell,CT? (.a.ent, 1I106a, TBOH .aAllJI, TaWl, TBOH
.a,. MW c AJJeweii
Ts6H 6ph T6",e e.aeT?
illeM' a.\tkre. OTClt, TBOH po.aKTeJIH, spa<t, CepreH, TBO.ll
MaMa)
I. He has met Zina. 2. I saw my uncle.

611 n0311aK6MHJJCJl C 3ulion. .SI }'BH.nCJl .ali.aIO.
OH nO:JHaKOMNJlCJI C 3HHOK. R )'BMe.tJ lliIuo.
_ (npHr1l3CKn) _ _ (rynlin c) .
OH npHrJlacKn 3HHy. ji ryJWi c Weii.
_ _ _ _ _ (ee lIellYWkY). - (""'l'CT"") - - - .
_ (311U6M c) _ _ _ _ {Apy,cH).
_ ("",ful) _ _ (noex3JI c) _
_ _ _ _ {ACT.H). _ (npumacKn) _
_ (ll'l'ful c) . _ _ _ (ee OT"a),
_ ("CKful) . _ (nOJHaKOMHlICJl c) _
_ _ _ _ (rpll6,;,). ~(Y3llful) _
_ (csupw-. eyn e) _ _ _ _ (Cepr).
_ (paMT"" c) _
DISCUSSION
INSTRUMENTAL SINGULAR OF NOUNS
CTOJI- and oKllo-nouns iKclui-nouns ABCpb~nOuns

stressed -OM. -eM -OK ..eM only -blO
unstressed -OM, -eM -oii. -eii (never stressed)
CT01l0M CJI0BapeM )l(eHoii ceMl.oeii ,llBepblO

yrlloM )"IlITeJJeM JHMOii :JMeeii flf06oSbIO
aST66ycoM HHKomleM ceCTp6ii lIeKUHeH 6\fcpe.lt.b1O
Me1l0M M}hKeM n.ywoii HCT6pHeii reTpanblO
HO)l(OM aMepHKcUtlle.\t nor6n.oii HaTaweii eeUlblO
KapaHJlaWOM napHeM n6\fTOi B01l6.aeii MaTCpblO
KJlIO'IOM co6paHHeM KIUiroii Hc.ae.neii .l16<tepblO
nepOM unaTheM wallKoii Map"eH
.l1e1l0M BpeMeHeM 3""oii Y.l1 a 'leii
USSON 17 403
I. Hard-stem CTon- and OfI':Ho-nouns have the instrumental singular cnding -OM; soft-stem
CTon- and oKllo-nouns have the cnding -eM if stressed. --eM if unstressed. Stems ending in "I, lll, w,
:lK, and u: spell their ending -OM' if suessed and -eM if unstressed. Compare 6oPlllOM with TOsapKll(CM.
2. Hard-stem :lKellli-nouns have the instrumental singular ending -oii; soft-stern :lKCHa-nOUns
have the cnding -eii if stressed, -eli if unstressed. Stems cnding in "I, lll, m, "', and It spell their ending
--OM if stressed and -eM if unstressed. Compare nym6ii with KBweii. There are also alternate endings
-010, -itlO, and -eto whic::b are mostly encountered in literary works: :lKellOIO, CeMLelO, and HaTamCto.
3. All ):tBepb-nOuns have the instrumental singular ending -blO, always unstressed.
4. BpeMa- and liMa-nouns take the unstressed instrumental singular ending -eM: BpeMCIleM and
"MelleM.
INSTRUMENTAL PLURAL OF NOUNS
Hard stems and stems ending in "I and w Soft stems

-liMB -aMH
cTomiMH }"tHTemlMH
)l(emtMH HeD.C.rmMH
OKHlIMH po.nHTeJUlMH
ropoJl.aMH CO'lHHeHHHMH
JI.OKTOpaMH 6paTbaMH
c&:rpaMH crYnbHMB
1I0)l(aMH 3,UaHI:lHMH
KJlJO'laMH
TOBapHlU aMH
I. Nouns which take -ax in the prepositional plural and -aM in the dative plural take -aMit in
the instrumental pluraL Their stress is identical in all three cases: CTonBx, CTOJIllM, CTOJlaMH; :lKeHax,
:lKellaM, :/KellaMH.
2. Nouns which take -ax in the prepositional plural and -JIM in the dative plural take -IIMH in
tbe instrumental plural. Their stress is also identical in all three cases: y"lHTemi", y"lIUeJUIM, ylfH-
l'cnHMH; 6paTbHX, 6paTMilM, 6p3T1.l1MH.
-3. The nouns tulePb and .all'll> have an alternate instrumental plural ending -bMK: JlBCPbMM
(or tulepHMH), 1l0<tepLMIi (or no<tepH:.\tH).
4. The nouns ntOllH people and neTH children have only tbe instrumental plural ending -LMIi:
JIIOJ1LMJi and nen.MJi.
The instrumental of lITO, 'ITO, the personal prononns, and the rellexive
personal prononn cro..
NOM KTO- 'ITO ; Tht (no nom) OH,ono OHa ..,;, Bbl ami
INSTR KeM 'IeM MIIOR To6o" co66i:i MM,(HnM) elO,(neH) HaMil aaM" H:MII, (mfMH)
Notes
I. Third person alternate forms OHM, HeM, and 1111MB occur only with prepositions, for example,
C HlIM, Ja "MM, C ncii, la Heii, C IIHMH, 3a lUiMH.
404 LESSON 17
2. In addition to o\moii, T066ii, co6Oii, and HeM, there are also the alternate instrumental forms
M1I61O, YoOOlO, c066lO, and 1100. These are encountered primarily in literature, especially poetry.
MOI)E'-"
R XO'f)' C HHM nor080pHTb. I want to bave a talk: with bim.

__ c nei _ ________ with her.
___ c 88MN _ _~ _ _ with you.
_ _ C UJi!tlH _ _ with them.
_ _ c YoOOi _ _ witb you.
PekTOp XO'feT C RiMN nor080pHTb. The chancellor wants to have a talk: witb us.
_ _ _ _ CO ...OM _ _ with me.
Take a pencil and a notebook along (/il. witb

yourself).
What do you take in your tea? or With what

do you drink tea'']
- C MonoKoM. Milk.
C teeM Obi XOTIiTC rOOOplfTh? With whom do you want to speak?

-C BaMH. With you.
L(eM Db! nHmeTe, Kapa.l.nawoM? What are you writing with, a pencil?
KeM obl.no06nhltbl? - BliMH. With whom are you pleased? You.
R co66i IIMooonell. I'm dissatisfied wiLb myself.
Kbt Db!: ue.nOOOJlbHhl, MU6ii? With whom are you dissatisfied, me?
- Her, HM. No, him.
- Her, elO. No, her.
- Her, co6Oii. No, myself.
With .....hom .....ill she go?

Wilh him.
(Oil) C Kc!M OHa nOHneT?
C lulM.
(Ii) C KeM aHa nOH.uCT?
Co o\moii.
(Oflll, aHa, Mbl, fl, OB, 8hl, aHa, Thl, fl)
QUESTlON4ANSWER DRIl.l.S
I. Do you know Oleg? 2. Is he pleased with Ihe exams?

No, I don't know him. Yes, he is.
Thi 3l1a"oM C One rOM ? Ou llOBOJfCU :IlO3MeHaMH?
Her, Ii c m&r He 3HlIKOM. na, 0" liMN noaOnen.
Tbi 3UMM e BaneH? Oil noaoneH roOOii?
Her, Ii c oeM He 3HUOM. ll.i. 6H MH6ii nOBOnen.
(C K)pHeM, C ee coceARMH, c aMepHJ:aH' (y-IHTeI1bU"ueii, mexpepoM, neTbMH,
u.eM rpaHTOM, cera ce<;rpaMH, c era !\.tHaN, paOOTOit, BaM", yotHTCJIeM, co60il:,
6a6yuJIl:oii, c era .aeAYWKOH, cera JJJUIeii, HaM", crynellTIlMU)
cera TmH)
LESSON 17 405
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
She's displeased with her son. I was sitting behind you.

She's displeased with him. You were sitting behind me.
QHa ChlHOM lIe,noa0J1bH3. .HCHJlen 3a BaMII.
Qmi H.\t IIClI,OBOJlhHa, BbI CHlI,CJlH 33 MHoil,
QHa ceCTPO" lIe.uoBOJIbHa. Mw CllnCHH 33 Reil:.
Ollli eto IIClI,OBOJlbH3, Ollli CMlI,CJI3 ]3 lIliMM.
(.nen.. MH. y6opuumei1. BaXTepoM, Bw ClUleJIH 3a He".
CTy1l,eHTaMH, )"lHTeJleM. nO'lCphlO) 011 CH,.qeJI 3a HeiL
Tbl Ci11I,en 3a Heit.
Oim ClUlenH 3a HeiL
R cH.UeJl 3a neit.
Mbl CH./IeJlH 33 HeiL
The instrumental of :hOT, '1eii, and the possessive modifiers
SINGULAR
PLURAL
.
-HM -oil, -eM: -IIMII
MODELS
He rOBopHTe C :hHM 3MeplK3.Uu.eM. Don't talk to that American.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTyneHTOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ student.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TypHCTOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tourist.
______ C :hoil aMepHKfmxoH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ American woman.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTyneHTImii. _ _ _ _ _ _ student.
______ C 3THMH CTyneHT3.M.lI. _ _ _ _ _ those students.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ aMepHldlHL\aMH. ________ Americans.
_ _ _~ TypHCTaMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tourists.
C 'lbHM npyroM aLI 'l'aHueawm? Whose friend did you dance with?
_ _ _ 6phoM ? ___ brother ?
C 'l.,eM: nO'lephlO ? ___ daughter ?
___ cec-rp6ii ? ___ sister ?
C l(bHMH .uP)'3hJlMH ? ___ friends ?
_ _ _ _ nOl(epbMH ? ___ daughters ?
)];61'11 OCTllHyrCl'l co caOHM OTUOM. The children will stay with their father.
_ _ _ _ _ _ co CaOeM: MtnepblO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. with their mother.
_______ co CBOHMH POJ.I,IITCJUlMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with their parents.
Omi nOJlro rOBOpHnH C MOHM 6paTOM. They talked with my brother for a long time.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C MOHM OTU;OM. _ _ _ _ with my father _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C MOHM .ulin.eit. 1 _____ with my uncle _
======-
, Note that although
C MOHM .ueJIYlIIKOH.1
_ _ _ _ with
mil and /l,\.IQ'lI1Ka are .eua-class nouns and
my grandfather _
decline as such, they are still treated as masculine
in terms of agreement.
M6i111l:I1YIUl'a Jl(I1JT II MocKue. My grandfather lived in Moscow.
Bbi rOBOpHnll C MOIiM !tyneR? Did you talk with my uncle?
This is lrue of all such ....eua-class nouns referring 10 males. for example, MYl"'fIi1a, Komi, and 8o.rIoAIi.
406 LESSON 17
OHii .noJlro r080pHJlIl C Moeii cec-rpML They talked with my sister for a long time.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c Moeii M3rephlO. _ _ _ _ _ with my mother _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C MoH.\tH po.nHTeJUIM.H. _ _ _ _ with my parcnts _
Y<uf"reJIh He O'leHh .noB6J1eH TBotht: O'lepkOM. The teacher isn't very happy with your essay.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TBOIOt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wilh your
CO'lHHeHHeM. composition.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TBof:ii pa66ToH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with your work.
____________ TBOHMH OTOCTaMH. ____________ with your answers.
3a HawHM Jl6MOM paCTCT MIl6ro .uepeobeB. There are lots of trccs growing behind OUf house.
3a HawHM o6mclKWrHeM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ behind our
dormitory.
3a Haweii H300H _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ behind our hut.
3a HliwHMN .nOMaMH _ _ behind OUf houses.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the pallem of endings in the instrumental case.
I. I'm acquaimed with your uncle. 2. Alyo.fha is satisfied with my work.

R 3HaK6M c 8arnUM J.ViJleH. Afyosha is satisfied with your work.
Jl 3uaK6M C TBOMM weH. Ancwa .nooOnen Moe~ paooToit.
R 3HaK6M C DaWe" mcH. AJlerna 1I0BOJlCJI BaUleii pa60roii.
Jl 3HaKoM C TBoeii TeTeii. Anerna llOoOJleH MOUM CO'lltHeHlleM.
(po.nWTe.rUIMH, coce.aKOH, .ne.nywKou, AneUIa nOBo.fJetl eaUlttM CO"fJIHeHHeM.
no.npyroH, .npyJbHMH. MaMoH, ceMbeH) (Hfl>OH, O<fepKoM. KHHroit, crHxaMH,
poMaHOM, KypcoM, JlCKl.llteH)
3. Did you talk with your father? 4. We'" go with her uncie.
Bbi rODOpHnH C 03.WHM OTUOM? We'" go with our uncie.
Rbi rORopM:IH co c&OliM OTttOM? Mbl noe.neM c ee nli.neil:.
Bbl rooopHnl1 C oarnuMH JlP}'3bllMH? My ooeneM C UaUlHM weN.
By roROpK.rIH co CROftMH n;PY1bliMH? Mbl noelleM c ee TooapHwaMIt.
(npoBOIlIlI1KOM, COce.nOM, COCC.nHMH, My lloeJleM C uaUlHMH l'OBliplllllaMH.
peKTOpoM, ccKpeTapeM, cry.ncIITaMH) (y'lIITeJIeM, .neThMH, JlPY3bSL\rn,
pe6HTaMlt, ChlHQM, Theil:)
EXPANSION DRILLS
I. The newsstand stood behind the school. 2. The feller is under the newspaper.
The newsstand stood behind this school. The feller is under this newspaper.
KHOcK CTOJi.n 33. IllKOJloii. nHCbMO nOll r:ue-roil:.
K ..6cK crOAn 3a iTOM lIndmaii. nllCl>Mo DOli iToii ra3hoii.
KRocK crOM 3a pecTOpaUOM. n HCbMO nOJl lKYPllaJlOM.
KH6cK crOliJl 3a 3TIlM pecropallOM. nHCLMO (lOll 3THM iKypUiJIOM.
(.a.epeObSlMH, JlOMOM, 3JlaHHCM, (KapTOH, KapTaMH, Kopo6KOit, KHlUO",
rOCTHHHl~eit, TcaTpoM, KJly6oM) CJTOoapeM, 3aSlBJletIHcM, KOHTaHJ.(K.ll:MH,
6}'Maroit)
LESSON 17 407
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. ThaI fellow bOlhers me. 2. Thi.~ soup doesn't tasle good.
Whal am I to do with Ihal fellow? What should be done with this soup?
3TOT mipeHb MHe McrmiCT. 31"OT cYrJ lIeaKYcHbII1.
"ITo MHe Ae;IaTb c :hHM mipueM? 4TO lle.TJaTb c :J1"HM CYOOM?
3m CTYlleHTKa MHe MernaeT. 3Ta phl5a lIeaKYclla}l.
lITo MHC )],C;laTb C :hoii' CTYlleHTIwii? tho Aenan. c hoii pw60ii?
(llenl, coce.n, .ncBylpKa, mOllH, (oryPLU>I, Kawa, 6YJlbOH, ne<JeHbC, rplt6bI,
rocnOA"", rpa)t(JlaHC, nCBuu.a, '1eJlOncK) yxa, 60pUl, 1lanwa)
3. An accident happened to her son.
Whose son?
C ee CbfHOM CJIY'lHnOCb HCC'IaCTbe.
C '1bHM chI110M?
C ee TeTeH CJIY"H.nOCb HCC'l3.CTbC.
C lIbeii yet'cii?
(POllHTCJHIMU, ceCTpOH, .nCJlyWKOH, llH,Ueil,
6a6Y"IKoH, 6paTbJlMU, OTlIOM)
DISCUSSION
:iTOT, 'Ieii, AND THE POSSESSIVE MODIFIERS
NOM (m) :hOT <Jeu MOil" TBoil cao" Halli BaW

(n) 3TO 'lhC MOC TBoe caoe miwe BaWe
INSTR 3THM '1bHM MOIi.", TBOHM caOHM HawHM .iuu...
NOM (0 ,Ta '1bR MOR nOR caosi Hawa Barna

INSTR hoii '1beii MOeii TBOeii caoeii Harneii aaweii
NOM (PI) 3TI1 '!Lit MOlt TaOIt CBOW miwH Ballm

INSTR 3T11MH '1hHMH MOHMH TBOHMH CBOHMH HalliUMH BarnU.'"U
DISTRIBUTION Of ENDINGS
I. The masculine and neuter instrumental singular ending is exactly like that of the dative
plural of these forms: -HM.
2. The feminine instrumental singular cnding is like that of the genitive, dative, and preposi-
tional cases: -oii in 3TON and -eii in alllhe rest.
. Alternate endings -oro and -eta may also be encountered in older works of literature and in
poetry.
3. The instrumental plural ending is -lIMit.
Reflexive verbs--part II
MODELS
51 eMY YJlHBJUiIOCb. I'm surprised at him.
Omi __ YJlHBJIRCTC}l. She's surprised _
Mhl __ Y.lll-lBmieMCJI. We're surprised >
408 LESSON 17
4eMy Tbl Ylll1UJIJleWl>c~? What arc you surpriscd at?
4eMy omi ywmJIJlIOTCiI? What arc they surprised at?
4eMy Bbi Y1I.H8JIJleTeCb? What are you surprised at?
Oil lie YJ.UmJlliJICR nallIHM ycneXaM. He wasn'L surprised at our success.
QHa He Y1I.HDnJiJIacb ~ Shc wasn'L surprised _
Qmi lie YllHDmiJIHCb _ They weren't surprised _
Note that YAHDJllin.ca is accompanied by the dative case without a preposition, to express the
source of surprise or astonishment.
.sf 6oi-Ocb )K38.MelloB. I'm afraid of the exams,
Tbi 6oKmbC~ _ You're afraid .
QHa 6o!ITcJI _ She's afraid _
Mw 60HMciI _ We're afraid _
'Ow 60HTCCb _ You're afraid _
QHli 60hcil _ They're afraid _
On 60lincil Ma:repH, He was afraid of his mother.

Qua 60linacb OTltA. She was afraid of her father.
QUit 60linliCb poluiTeneH. They were afraid of their parents.
Note that 6oAn.C1I is accompanied by the genitive case without a preposition, to express the
source of fear,
Mw caD.HMCiI o6ellaTh, We're sitting down to eat dinner.
Jl =<yc. _ I'm sitting down _
Ow cazlIiTccb _ You're sitting down .
Qua C3llHTcil _ She's sitting down _
Tw caJ:lIlWbCiI _ You're sitting down .
OHiI ca,ltliTCiI _ They're sitting down _
Oil Y'f(e n03IlaKOMIlJIC~ C IIci" He's already been introduced to her.

Thl __ n03HaKOMIIJlaCb __. You've __ been introduced _ _,
Mhl _ n03liaKOMIIJIIICh __. We've _ _ been introduced _ _,
.s1 n0311aKOMJIIOCI> C HlIMH, I'll make their acquaintance.
Mhl n03HaKoMHMc~ _ We'll make acquaintance.
Oil n03tlaKOMIITcli _ He'll make acquaintance.
OHI'I 1l031IaKOM~TC~ _ They'll make acquaintance.
Korna Tbl n03HaKoMHwbCli C lll'IM"? When are you going to meet them?
Kor.ua Obi n0311aKoMIITCCL CUHMiI? When are you going to meet them?
n03HaKOMbC~ C Moeii cecrp6ii, Meet my sister.
n0311aKOMI.oTCCb C MOHM 6pfITOM. Meet my. brother.
He 66iicH! Don't be afraid!
He 66HTecb! Don't be afraid!
He YllHBJlJliiclI! Don't be surprised!
He yJlIfDJJll iiTech ! Don't be surprised!
He cePJJ.HCb! Don't get mad! or Don't be angry!
He oePllHTCCh! Don't get mad! or Don't be angry!
u::.ssoN J7 409
QUESTION-ANSWER ORll.L
What are you afraid of? 4ero 311113 6mtTCR?

We're afraid of the exams. 3HHa 6o1iT0i 3K38MeHoB.
4ero 8M 6oiITecb? (Tbl, CTy.aeHTLl, 3TH JIeoyrnICII, Bbl, 3TOT
MW 601i.'''CH ltOaMeHOe. nape"b, TeOJl. cecTpa, TBOIf 6paTbJl)
I. We reached an agreement on this. 2. We don'l feel like going to the lake.

We'll reach an agreement on this. We didn', feel like going to lhe lake.
Mhi JlorOoOp"JZHCb 06 :hOM. HaM He XO<teTCli exaTb Ha oJePO.
Mt.i .a;oroaoptiMat 06 iToM. HiM He xOTbloa. exan. Ra O:JePO'
Omi .nOroOOpHnHCb 06 :hOM. HaM He XO'feTClI exaTb 8 nee.
Ottii JJ:oroaopllTCliI 06 iroM. HiM He XOTiJIocI. enn. B Jtee.
(TW, OH", Obl, II, MM, 011, 011") (a KonX03, B ceJlO, B MocKBy, lIa BOKJall)
3. I slayed home. 4. There'll still be a piece ofpirog left.

I'll slay home. There's still a piece ofpirog left.
R OCTlUIClI JlOMa. Ewe OC-ralleTCJI KyeoK rmpon'i.
R OCT8HyCb mbta, F..ule 0CTI.nCi! IC}'cOK IIHpora.
OH OCTanCJI .llaMa. Ewe oCTflHyrCR mtporH.
OH ocraHeTCH nOMa. Ewe ocrinHo. ott.poni.
(Mbl, Jlellf, Thl., Cblll, Obl, JlO'fb, coce,!llt, (HcMHoro KaWH, cyn, rplt6w, yxa, MOJIOICO,
MaTh) 6ynbolt, HeMlloro 6opma, Mlloro rpH60o)
5. / was gelting acquainted wilh the 10wn. Oil 3HaKoMIUI0I C ropo.noM.

I'm gelting acquoinled with Ihe town. OH 3HaI'OMHTC1I C ropo.noM.
A JllaKOMJtJ1Cl1 C rOpoJlOM. (MhI, Chili, ee JlO'lepH, Thl., ee polurrClIlI,
A :JHa"OMJnOCb c: rOpo.aOM. 6paT,Sbl)
kESI'ONSE DRILLS
I. You've gOI to meel him. 2. Don', be afraid!

I will. fm not afraid.
Te6e Ha.110 C H"M nOJIl3KOM"TbClL He 66ikJl!
R lIo:JllaKOMJIIOCb. R lie 6oJOcb.
3"lJe H<l.110 C IlItM nOJllaKOMllTbClL He CCP.ll,lteL!
Olla n03HaKOMwrCJI. Jt lie cep*ycb.
(TBO"M po.llllTenHM, DaM, ee CbIRY, HaM, He yltHsn.1iHcJI!
ee llO'lepRM, pe611T3M, MHe) He canHCb!
He 06pall.l3.HC:lI Ii: HeM;'!
He CTaHOOUCb B O'iepeJlb!
3. Don'l be mad! Mw He C<t.e.tti",OI.

We're nolo He o6pautiiITecb K HeMy!
He cep.aHTecb! He OOiITeCb!
MLit He cePllKMCliI. He CTaHOBltTecb ry.n3.!
He canHTecb! He y,!lltOniHTecb 3TOMy!
410 LESSON 17
STRUCTIIRE REI'LACEMIlNT DRILLS
I. We'll be eating dinner. 2. It's time for you to sit down and eat dinner.
We're sitting down to eat dinner. Sit down and eat dinner.
Mbl 6Y.ueM o6e.naTb. Te6e napa CaJun-bC)) o6eJJ.aTb.
Mbi ca.cft ooeJl,aTb, CIiJUtCh OOC,ll,IITh.
CecTpa 6YJJ.eT ooe.uaTb. Te6e nopa c IIHMIt nOJHaKOMIIThCSI.
Oua CIl.wfyC1l ooeJJ.a11.. n03HaKo.\lI>C1l C HHMft.
(OTeLt H MaTh, 6paT, T)'pHCTI.I, .II, Te6e nopa SepHYTbCSI JJ.oMoii.
y60pWHWl, Sbl, IIMepHKaHl.lbI, Tbl) Te6e nopa AOrOSOpJITbCR 06 3TOM.
TeM nopa 06paTlfTbCSI K 8pa'iY.
3. You mustn't be afraid of it.
Te6e nopa C3.llHTbCSI 3a CTon.
Don't be afraid of it!
Te6e nopa nOJHaKOMltTbCSI C MOHMH
BbI: He AOJJ:lICHW 3Tom 6osin.ol.
poJJ.HTen.llMH.
He 66iTta. :noro!
BbI: He AOJnKJIW K HeMy 06P,U1UlTbCR.
He 06pawiiTea. K HeMj! Bw lie .lI.On:JKHbJ C H"MH JHaKOMHTbC.Il.
Bw ue AOn)KHbl 3TOMY Y.lI.lt8JIliTbC.Il. BY: lie AOJnKHW TYAa 80J8pa1ltliTbOI.
Bw He .lI.OJnKHbJ Ha Hero cepArncSi. Bbi He HOJnKllbJ ero 6olin.al.
Reflexive verbs reviewed and drilled in this lesson are given below in all their forms:
I. First conjugation
oaiTl>C1l (pvf) to remain, stay, be left

PAST OCTinCSI, ocranacb, -OCb, -HCb
FUT ocnlHYCb, OCT3HewbC1I, --eTCR, -eMC.II, -eTCCb, -yrCSI
IMPER OCrillbCSI! OCT3.HbTeCb!
Y,llJIBJIlITbCfl(ipfv) (+ dat) to be surprised (or amazed)

PAST y.nH8nJinC.II, y.n1t8nJinacb, -OClo, -ItCb
PRES Y.lll18nlilOCh, YJJ.ItHnliewbCS!, -eTOI, -eMCSI, -eTeCb, -.oTCS!
IMPER [lie] Y.ll.H8JlliiicSI! [lie] YAItHJuiiiTecb!
xOTrnC1l (ipfv) (used impersonally with the dative and the infinitive) to feel like
PAST XOTMOClo
PRES XO'fe-rcSl
IMPER (not used)
2. Second conjugation
6otin,cR (ipfv) (+ gen) to fear, to be afraid

PAST 6ollnCR, 6olinaeb, -oeb, -Heb
PRES 6olOch, 60J1WbCSI, -HTC~, -HMC~, -HTeCb, -H-rC~
IMPER [ne] 66HC~! [He] 66HTeCb!
JUa..oMMTbCSl (ipfv) (c + instr) to meet, become acquail/ted with

PAST JUaKOMllncSI, JHaKOMJ.UlaCb, -OCb, -HCb
PRES JllaKOMJl.oCb, 3HaKOMlDUbCH, -HTCSI, -UMC~, -"TeCh, -IITCli
IMPER JlJaKOMbC~! JIIaKOMhTeCb!
1I0Jlla..oMMTltCSl (prv) (conjugated like imperfective JHaK01tfMTltCSl) to meet, become acquainted with
ca.win.cA (ipfv) to sit down, take a seat
PAST caAHnc~,CaHHnaCh, -OCb, -HCb
PRES ca:yCb, ca.a.HrnbCSI, -IITCR, -HMCX, -HTecb, -JlTCSI
IMPER ca.nHCb! ca..akrecb!
LESSON 17 411
ltOrOBOPKThC1t (pfv) (c+ instr) to come to an agreemellf, make (J dale (or appoinfmem)
PAST LlOrOaOpJ1JtC$l, LlorOBopw-.aCb, -OCb, -IICh
FlJT IWrOBOptOCb, Jl.OI-0BOpJ1WbCSl, ~J1-rC$l, -"MCSl, -liTCCb, -.!ireSl
nAPER llorOBopHCb! .uorOBopihecb!
Nouns with declension irregularities:

MaTh, .nOIfb, cbm, .nepeBO, JIHcr
MODElS
Y Hee ICpacKBu nO'lb. She has a beautiful daughter.

_ _ ICpaCHBblH CblH. _ _ _ a handsome son.
Y l:lee "pacKBble .nO'lepH_ She bas beautiful daughters.
_ _ "pacK8ble CblI:IOBbli. _ __ handsome sons.
Kaa:Oe ICpacliBoe D.CpeBO! What a beautiful tree!
KUOH "paCHBblH nKCT! What a beautiful leaf!
KaKlie "pacKBble Jl.epeBb$l! What beautiful (rees!
KaxHe KpacliBble miCTbSl! What beautiful leaves!
n.M 6wno MHoro n.HCTbe8. There were lots of leaves there.
_ _ _ _ _ _ AepeBbe8. _______ Uees _ _.
Jt BH.a.en B ropo.ne BaWy .nO%. J saw your daughter in town.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M3.Th. _ _ _ _ mother _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ B<iwero cblHa. _ _ your son _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ D.PYr3. _ _ _ _ friend .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ HX. AO'lepeiL _ _ their daughters _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MaTepeH. _ _ _ _ mothers .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ChrHOBeH. _ _ _ _ sons .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ APYJeH. _ _ _ _ friends _
R rOBopl'w C BaweH .nO'lepblO. I was talking to your daughter.

________ MflTcpblO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mother.
_ _ _ _ C BalliUM CbIHOM. _ _ _ _ _ to your son.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .upyrOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friend.
_____ C "X. AO'lepbMH. _ _ _ _ _ to their daughters.
______ Ma-repliMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mothers.
______ CbIHOBbJiMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sons.
______ .uppbJiMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends.
0H" :.IIByT y llO'lepH. They live with their daughter.

_ _ _ _ y MaTepll. ________ mother.
_ _ _ _ ycwHa. _______ son.
_ _ _ ynpjra. _______ friend.
____ y AO'lepeH. _______ daughters.
____ y MaTepeH. _______ mothers.
____ y ChiHOseH. ________ sons.
____ yAppeH. _______ friends.
412 LESSON 17
I. Is this your pen? 2. Don', forget about their mother.
Are these your pens? Don't forget about their mothers.
3'1'0 SalliC ncpO? He 3a6YllbTe 06 ItX MaTep".
:ho Bam.. nepbR? He 3a6Y.aLTe 06 HX MaTepil:x.
31'0 Balli CT)rn? He 3aGy,ubTe 0 nameM llpYre.
~l'O B8mH CTYJILH? He Ja6YJtbTe 0 a3lUHX .apYJblix.
(Bawa llO'lb, Baw GpaT, BalUa MaTh, Baw (0 ee CbIHe, 06 HX Jl:O'iepH, 0 BaweM GpaTe,
M)')K, saw CbIII, Baw ,upyr) 06 3TOM Jl:epeae)
3. She's IJoing to visit her son. OHa e,ueT K 6phy.
They're going to visit their sons. OIlM CflYT K 6p8TbHM.
OHa e,ueT K cb"my. (x MaTepn, K n;pyry, K ,lI0'lepH, K MYJKY, K
ONli cAYI' K CLIHOBLAM. cLmy, K Gpary)
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL RESPONSE DRILL"
Where are their brothers? There's only one leaf here.

I didn't see their brothers. There are lots of leaves there.
rlle IIx GpaTb)]? Ty-r TOJIbKO o;:ulli miCT.
Ji: lie sli):{en Hx 6paTLeB. A riM MJlllfO .'lliCTLeB.
r,ue IIX CbHlOBbli? Ty-r TOJIbKO OllHO ,lIepeao.
Ji: He BH,uen Hx cwlloaeii. A riM Mllora ttepCBbeB.
(,D:O'iepll, MpKbSl, GpaThSl, MaTepli, (OJ(JIII CTyJI, OllllO nepo, O.n:HH mlCT, O.n:FlO
llP}'3MI) ,uepeao)

1. Their friends invited us to dinner. 2. Her sons aren't acquainted with him.
We invited their friends to dinner. He's not acquainted with her sons.
Hx ,uPY3bR npHfnacwm Hac lIa 06e,D:. &: CbIHOBbJi C HIiM He JHaKOMhJ.
Mw npurnacH./IH u" .apylCH H& 06e,ll,. Ou He JHaKOM c ee CblHOBbAMH.
lix. CblHOBbR npnrnacUJIH HaC Ha o6e.u. Be MaTh C HJfM He 3HaKOMa.
My Ilpur.IlaCH.rut HX cblHoaeii ua 06e.a. OH He JllaKOM C ee MaTepLIO.
(ux MaTepn, HX .upy3bH, HX ,uO'lb, HX (ee ;::J;O'lb, ee .n:PY3MI, ee MYJK, ee .n:O'lepn,
GpaTMI, HX MaTh, HX ,D;O'lepH, HX MyJKMI) ee CblH, ee GpaTbH)
@ISCUSSION
1. The nouns Man. mother and .n:o.... daughter are J(BepL-nOuns with an alternate stem for the
Dominative and accusative singular, as opposed to that of all the other cases singular and plural.
.
SINGULAR PLURAL
NOM-ACC MaTb ,D;O'lb NOM M:iTepH Jl:O'lepll

GENPREP-DAT M:iTepn ,uO'lepH ACC--GEN MaTepCH Jl:O'lepCH
INSTR MhepblO .n:O'lepblO PREP o MaTepJix o .n:O'lepRX
OAT MaTepRM llO'lepJlM
IN'TR MaTepJlMH llO'lepltMH
LESSON 17 413
Nole that the instrumental plural of ltO'fb is lto'fepl>.\tH: (like JleTbMil and JUOJlbr.tH:). An alternate
fonn llO..epti\fH also exists in conversational Russian.
2. The noun cWH son bas an expanded stem in the plural. It declines as a hard stem in the
singular and as a son stem in the plural.
SINGULAR PLURAL
NOM Chili NOM cblHoabH

ACC-GEN cbllla ACC-GEN CbIHoaeH
PREP o cbllle PREP o CbIHOab.MX
OAT CblHY OAT CblHOabJlM
INSTR CblHoM INSTR Cl>lilOabJiM"
Note especially the genitive and accusative plural cwHo.Ci with inserted vowel e and with the m
of the plural stem written i.
3. The nouns JIIicr leaf and Jlepeso tree have expanded stems in the plural, following the
declension pattern of 6ph, criIl, and nepO; all such nouns decline as hard stems in the singular and
as soft stems in the plural.
SINGULAR PLURAL
NOMACC nHCT nepeao NOMACC llHCTbR llepeSbR

OEN nHCTII nepesa OEN llHCTbes llepeSbeB
PREP o n"CTe o llepeae PREP o miCTbRX o ,nepeSbRX
OAT llHeTY llepesy OAT llHCTbSlM Jl.epeSbRM
INSTIl mlCTOM llCpcBOM INSTR JHfCTbRMIi llepeObSiMIi
JUtt also means sheet. In this meaning it has a regular plural, for example, ~, JIMcrOB,
o JIM:Tix: )l<tiiTe MHe HecxOJlbKO 1IJIC'T6e 6)'Maru. (Give me a few sheets of paper.)
'1TEHHE H nHCbM6
~~ C ~ ~ f~ ,f"",~/ ~
~ U- J?-a~ tuz; ~ . !bwr ~um..
~ <>m.- ~.~~ ~ m;~
fUcn:~ ur Sa- ":J~ /Ur...<&, ~ U ~~UUJe
tJy.tur. JJ 9nu7....- OJ~ .-.:a=a. /U"~. ~ u ucmiza
~ ~ ,f v<.e U- H.a. ~ ~ ,(UU-~
~ ~ ~ u-/UK-k, u ~ 4=a
~ Haoc ~ u. ~ ~&za e. ~.
414 LESSON 17
..fJ .L-e-e,y ~ ~/ /?Z<7~ /-U ~ ua;
H.~, 24uJZjlCl- u-x ~ ~ ~ ~ ke
~ . Ukar~/*'~ ~ ~ /
a Ic:~ lZdo-Xu.e.,.J'~ ~ /'-a;j ~ur.H.e raem.,
O~ ~ ~-nw- 'o/'-~ ~ " ~
~ U. tHU<.. ~ ~ ~ , a.o ~ u.x
-I ~ ~a'd ,fl~, ~ e.t;a;;-a.<-P-/
U
'WYW- ~ ~ u u-x ~ ~ $ ~
j';~ ~~1Ua. -I ~aA Jl~,ffHT'~

~M4: ~ xo-rn.e.<- ~kn.. J.A~ h:~ ~
~~, ~ .-.tU'JU- ;'Z.QC~a.a2.~ -'U!
fl'ckd~ u~ J~ yna~. ~ /'-tUc~

Cd.. H-a ,fl~ u- ~t7~ IU A:4~ J ~ J ~.-:...
HHKon:Hi H raID! npllCXaJU1 .nOMO" K -6h1JIH paAbl BH.nCTb

p0,IJ.HTeJUlM. POllHTelH1
CBOHX ,teTeii: BeLlb oUlI e3JV'1T ./.lOMa" peAKO, TOJlbKO 1:13 KaHHKyJlbL 3a 06enOM OTell
roBOpJ.in 0 KOJlX03HblX ,o,cn3X, cnpaWRBaJI CbJHa " .nO'lh, Kax ouii )KIIBYT B MocKBe. nOCJIC
o6CJla ram.: c HHKonaCM DOWn" K 6a6ywKc 11 Lle.nytm.::e B coce./.lHee ceno.
-.st CJIbIwana, liTO Obi C CQCe,[(KOH BlJCpa fb,lJ.HJlH B Jlee 33 rpH6aMH.

- J],a. c neH If c ee .o:CtqepbfO.
- Bbl H3 TO )fCC M&:TO e3):{HJUf, rAe Mbl C BaMH 6b1JIH?
-Aa,
- Hy KaK, MHoro HawlHl rpH66B?
- 6. lla! Jt CBapH.n:3 cyn H .a.,a::t::c ucnCKJIa 60JIhllJOH nlfpOr.
- BOT K3ld TOftt3. MhI TO"'C noencM B noc B cJle.a.YfOllIee BOCKpeceUbC.
- T OJlbKO He HIJ..lIfTe OKono 63CP3: riM rpH60B Hlh.
- .st
JI,li, Ji 383.lo . TAM HCcKonbKO plb HCKan3 H HH'IerO He H3XO.nHn3.
- }l,t:TH, nOKa:llCHTe BalliH rpH6bi.

- ~TOT rp"6 Ii Hallien BOH TaM, no)), .o.epeBOM.
- ~TO KaK pa3 fIJlOXOU. Bbl6pocb ere H BblTPH pyKIl. A dx TBOH .nella, TaH5I?
- .st. K3.:lICeTC5I, Hallilla 6e.nble rpH6b"I - TPH 60JIhWHX H JJ:aa ManellbKHx. Ben, CMOTpH.
- HeT, :ho He 6en:bie, HO mill TOJKe xopeWHe. B03bMeM Jix.
- BOT JJ:oca.a.a, 'ITO Ji TaKHX He Hawen!
- HH'Iero, nen, Mhi BeJJ:b TonbKO 'ITO npHllinH B nee. Thi ewe UaH.aellIh.
LESSON 17 415
- 31'0 GeJIbl" rpH6, MaMa?
- Afl., TaHSI, :ho 6e.rr.blH. nOCMOTpH, Denl. nOMHIUlJb, Mbl BH.a:eJIH TaKHe rpuGhl B
Mara:nl:He?
- ,l),il., nOMHJO. GHH 6bmH O'leHb .JJ;opofue.
- I1x Be.a:b TpYJl:HO uaxo.u;HTb.
- A r.n:e mill pacry-r?
- non .uepeBb}fMH. HO Ull.uO JUan Mecn\. BOT 6Y.a:eM XO;:U1Tb, H TbT yOHJJ:HWb.
- MaMa, CMOTpH, Y:lKe oJepa BH.n:HO.

- rne? .sf He BH:lKY.
- BOH T3M Hanpaoo, 33 nepeBMfMH.
- TIoiiaeM Ty.ua, xopow6?
-.sf corm\eHa, H )'iKe YCTana XO.ltUTb n6 ]leey. A KiK rbi, TanS!.?
-.A TO)Ke. noit.neM oTlloxueM H3 TpaBc.
- TOJlhKO B03bMeM C caG6" naJu_y, TaM 863J1e 03epa MHoro 3MeH.
- KaKHX 3Meif? lITo Tbl, TICnl, rOBopHwb fny-nocTH? .
- 31'0 He fnynoeT", npao.a:a, MaMa?
-.s1. He 3H{UO. TbT ax BH,1.l,en?
- Hth, HO MHe M)];Sl. AIlerna CXa33..n:.
- A. t celIO lvi,z:r;l AJIewa CK33a.rr, TO 31'0 npao;:J,a.
- BaJul, '11'6 y mlc cerOJ1HSI H3 o66n?

- eyn c nanwoii: II drua.
- OmiTb? Hey:lKw Thl He MOma coapHTb lfTO-Ull6YAb .Il.pyr6e, HanpHMep yxy?
- A oTKYAa 11 B03bM)' pbr6y? ..sI ABa qaCa CTOl1na B Mara3HHe, a KOr)la nPHlDna MOll
oqepe.a:b, PLI6bt Y:lKe He 6btnO.
- BM nOCa)l,a! Tb XOqeTCji pbI6bl! ..sI Ha :hy dwy Y:lKe CMOTpeTb He MOrY - Bqepa
Kama, CerO.D.Hji Kliwa . ..sI nY'lIne COBceM He 6yJJ.Y 06e.a:aTb.
- Hy He ceP.D.HCb, Anewa. nO)l,O:lK)lH, 11 nounY K COCe)lKe, MO:lKeT 6hlTb OHa MHe )laCT
pbl6bl. R 3Ua10, Oua )lOCTana.
- MHe Hy:lKHO 3auTH K Ancwe BOJiKOBY. nen, nOH,lJ;Clllb co MHOH? ..sf Te6Ji C HHM
n03HaXOMJIlo.
- Arne OH :lKHBCT?
- Ha YJlHue T01lCToro.
- 3TO JJ:aJleKO oTcIO,Qa?
- HeT, MHHyT neC$lTb Hy:lKHO H)lTH.
- Hy, 1IanHO, nOH)l,CM. 3TOT B01lKOB, K3.)I{eTCH, HOOblH napeHb, In cena?
- J],a., OH MecRU TOMy Ha3an npHexan B ropo.u. 6H MHe HpasHTCH: npocToR TaKO"
H BHnHO, qT~ C xopoweu JJ.YlDOH. TaKOMY MO:lKHO BepHTb.
- Hy, TbI nyqIIle 6y)lh OCTOp0:lKeH, Thl Be)lh ero ewe MarrO 3HaeWb.
- )l.a, 80 Ji 'fyOCTBylO, 'fTO OH xopouurn qenOBeK. 11, 3Haell1b, BCe OpeMji rOBopHTb
ce66 OCTOP0:lKHO,) - :lTO CKy'fHO. Tax :lKHTb Uenb311. 3TO paHbIDe Hallin OTUbI 60li:JHiCb
rOBopHTb OTKpbITO, 60li:lIHCb moneil, JJ:aIKe 6J1J1:3nlx 3HaKOMhlX. A Tenepb HH3.'fe, Tenepb
Bee CBo60,lJ;HO rODopllT TO, 'fTO nyMalOT.
- Hy, :lTO eute He COBeeM TaK, HO, nO:lKa.nyH, Tbl npaD. Ham" OTubl 60HnHCb 60Jlbllie,
'feM Mhl.
416 LESSON 17
- CJ(3)fCl1Te nO::.KanyHCTa, r,ne KBapnlpa GapHea Ml1xaHllOBH<13 KYPO'iKI1H3?
- Ha miTOM ;na>Ke. .sf To",e TiM :lKHBy. HaM rH3.nO I1D.Tlf no JlecTHHue. JUicl>T He
pa60TaeT.
- A, 3H3KOMaK I1CTOpHJI:. Y HaC B .nOMe Y)J(e qeTWpe MecRua mi<pT lie pa6(HaeT:
):leT" CJ10MaJIH ,lJ;Bepb. Ji K3.)J(JlhIH ):leHh nOcne pa60Tbi .n.OJl)Keu nomTlI H3Bepx fl3 nAThl"
:n3Jfc. Y:lKe npl1BhlK.
- A Bbl C DOpHCOM MHXaHJlOBHlfeM BMec-re pa66T3eTe?
- Hh, si TOJ1bKO 'ITO npHexa..n H3 MOCKBbl. Mbl C IiOpHCOM CTapbl.e .nPY3bJl. >1:
npuexan ClOna H3 He.nbuo H BOT XOlfY ere )'BH.u.eTb.
- KbceTcJI 60pHca MHX!lHnOBH'l3 ue-r lleMa. Cry'lY YJKe Olin MHHYr H Hch OTBm.
- Ax, n3, ou rOBoplin, 'iTO y HHx cero,lllUl K3.K0e-TO co6paaHe.
- HH'ter6 He nOJJ:e.naeUIb. npUJleTeJl nop;OJKJJ.an.
- JaxO,llHTe KO MHe, 6cnu xOTiITe. noroBopKM, n03H3.KOMHMCH.
- 60J1bW6e cnacH60. A Ji B<iM He 6yJJY MCmaTh '!
- Ha, 'IT6 Bbi! >t 6yAY 6...eHh pAJ:l..
- Obi He 3HaeTe. nO'leMy neTpOB B'Iepa 11 cer6lUU1 He 6bU1 Ha paOOTe?

- OH O'ieUb oo11eH. Ern JKeHa 3BoHlina 'lac HaJ3.0.. CU3ana, 'ITO 01:1 H 33.BTpa He
npHJJ:eT.
- liTO CHUM? Bbi: y Her6 6WH?
- Her. Xo'ly 3afrrH nOc.ne pa66Tbl.
- A '1T6 er6 :JKeHa cKa3ana?
- liTO Y nero Bee 6omh.
- Kb Bee? He MOJKeT 6b1:Tb! HaBepHo, 6H np6cTo x6'1eT OT,llOXHYn.
- lIT6 C BaMH? Y BaC '1TO-HH6YAb 6omrr?

-.st T011bKO 'ITO yoan H, KbceTCH, CJIOMan ce6e pyKy.
-lIT6 Db! rOBOpHTe! J.1,llMTe CKOpCe K Dpa'ly. XOTHTe $I BAM JlOMOry?
- Aa, JlO:JKanyHCTa. TI03BoHIhe ,ll6KTOpy 6cHllOBy Ha KBapnipy. Ero HOMep Te11efj>oHa
.IlBa-'1eTblpe-nJin.-Wecrb.
- A Bbl ,llyMaeTe, OH CeH'IaC ,llOMa?
- Aa. Y Hero cerO,llIDI CB066,llHblH )leHh.
- >t CeH'I8C n03BoHIO.
- B'Iepa Mbl 6W11H Y COCe,lleH H3 06c,lle. Y lix .n611epH Taint 6blJ1 ,lleUb pOlKlleHHH,
H.OHM HaC K ce6e npHrJJ3cHmf.
- XOp6WHH 6bl11 o6e,ll?
- npeKpacHblH! 6blJta yd, DRpor c rpH6aMH, BKYcHI..le 6yJtOllKH, T6pT ...
- 3TO ,lleHCTBHTenbHo o6e.n!
- A KaKHe no.napKH 3Ta T aHH OT CDOKX p0.QHTeJleH nonY'ufna! Bbl JJ.aJKe He nOBepHTe!
- KalClie?
- H6Bbl.H npOHrpblBarenb, annapar 36plClIH H aBTOpy..lCy!
- Bce cpby? HY. 3HaeTe. :ho JIaxe rnyno.
- }1: C BaMH cornaCCH. >t cBoeii .n6'1epH HHKOrJIa He nOlCynafO Tax MH6ro no.napKOB.
LESSON 17 417
LESSON 18
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION npowaii, UJK'ona!
npomaH! opomaHTe ! farewell! good-bye!

OpomaH, WXOJla! Farewell, school!
OXOII':leH,-a,--o,-bl finished, over, done with
BOT M OKOII':leHa lUKOJIa. Well, so school is finished.
cBo66.ua freedom, liberty .
':IyBCTBO [custV:J] feeling
KaKOe "tYBCT1IO CBOOO/.I.LI! What a feeling of freedom!
nOCTyTlHTh (pfv u) to enler, enroll, join (an institution);
nocrynmo, nOC'TjnHwlo, -_T to behave, act
BY, college
Tbi CMO*eWlo Cpa3Y B sj3 nocrynHTh. You can enter college immediately.
oTmi"tHIUC "A" student
Tbl OTml"tHHX, cM6*eWb CpA3y You're an "A" student; you can go
s SY3 nOCTynHTb. straight on to college.
(pfv /ike xOTm)
3aXOTeTb to want, feel like
3m nJia Te61i CBo6O.aa: n.:. It's freedom for you: You're an "A"
OTmi'fHMK. ec.m. 38x6"telUlo - student; if you want., you can go straight
CMO.etm. cpiJy B By3 1JOCl)'DIin.. on to college.
npoH3B0J1CTSO production, manufacture
paooTaTb ua npoH3B0J1CTBe to work in a factory
A Ii .aOJl*eH paOOTaTb lIa But I have to work in a factory.
npmf3BOJlCTBe.
uenblH entire, whole
A Ii: ...em..e JIBS rona .nOmlCeH But I have to work two whole years in
pa66TaTh Ha 0POH1BOJ:l,CT1Ie. a factory.
TellHHka engineering, technology, technical things,
equipment
419
HHTCpeCOBllTbCSI (I) (plus instr) to be interested in
mrrepecylOcb, HHTepecyewbCSI, -IOTCSI
Tbi 8cern3. mrrepecoSMcSl You've always been interested in technical
TCXHlucoii. things.
Ho BeJU>. T'br 8cerJ.ti HHTepe(OWCII But you've aJways been interested in
TexHMKoi. technical things.
MJiCO meat
M"CO~OM6HH3.T meat-packing plant
A MSicOXOMGHH3.T'1 What about the meat-packing plant?
nono:&:JUi, TOmi. _ M'IICOKOM6Mn8T? Wait a minute, Tolya; what about the meat-
packing plant '1
JJ.ltpelITOP director
nOMolllHHk assistant, aide
nOMOWH.lnC JJ.ltpCkTopa assistant director
Y TeG.li n\M ecTb 3Hax6MblH, You do have a friend there, the assistant
nOMOLUl:Htk llHpCkTOpa. director.
cAM nOMowHHIC J,l,HpeICTOpa the assistant director himself
Y Te6ti TalM ecn.
3HaKoMhlii, You do have a friend there, the assistant
calM IIOMOlQllHK ~KTOpa. director himself
y:e Hth (y:lIce He) no longer, not any longer (or more)
Er6 )"ICe Tfw nth. He's not there anymore.
rAe-TO somewhere
Eri pre TiM aa, rne-TO He's not there anymore; he works somewhere
II .npyrOM Mecre pa60nurr. else.
Ha)"UfTbCSI (pfv II) (plus dat) to learn
Ha}"lYCh, Hay.,HWbCSI, -aTCSI
4eMy Ji TflM Ha),,!YCb'1 What will I learn there '1
BeC paDHO anyway, it doesn't matter
H. ace punG. "teMY li TiM And anyway, what will I leam there?
n_)"Iyeh?
pa66'{HH, --ero worker
npaCTOH paM',"H unskilled worker, ordinary worker
Be,ll:b Metui fIJJOC'fhtM pa600fKM Arter all, they'll send me as an ordinary
lIOUlJIH)T. worker.
BeeenblH (adv DOCeJIO) merry, lively, gay, jolly
Deceno
.:lTO it's fun
)].a, 3TO He Bereno. Yes, that's no fun.
oc66eHHblH special, particular
)la. iTO He oc06eHHo aecem,. Yes, that's no particular fun.
6WCTpblH quick, fast, rapid
Hy, mrteI"o. )lai rO.a.a Well, never mind. Two years will go by
opoiJ:tYy 6hlcrpo. quick.ly.
:lbHb(I) life
ycrp6HTb (pfv II) to arrange, establish, organize, tu up
"OTOM afterward, later on, then
nOTo.\I T'br YcrpOlll1II> caotO 83m., Later on you'll arrange your life the
KaK 3li1XO"teuu.. way you want to.
420 LESSON 18
What good is "later on" to me?
y'l HTbC.Il (Il) Lo learn, study

Y'lHTbC.Il B By3e to go to college
Mile y*e Tellepb XO'lC'rC1l y<tWrbC1l I want to go to college noW.
B Byle.
npo<peccH.Il profession, calling, skill, lrade
nonY'lHTb npo$eccHIO to enter a profession, learn a Irade,
acquire a skill
A "aICfIo Thr XO'fCllJb noJIyqHn. What profession do you want to enter?
opo~CMIO?
HmKellCp engineer
CT8.n. (pfv I), CT3H)', CTauelllb, -yr to become, get, grow; stop
Tw XO'leWb criTb HmKCuepoM? Do you want to become an engineer?
Bee eme xO'ternb crin. ""lI'ettepoM? Do you still want to become an engineer?
Me'min. (J) to dream

Hfi, Ii 06 :hOM 60JlbWC DC MeomUo. No, I don't dream of that anymore.
'tT66b1 [~t6bil or ~t~biJ in order to, to

t.fn)6y crin. MlnlteHCpoM, HYmro In order to be an engineer you've got
Olin. . ..e-r
}"IMn.c:t:. to study for five years.
CJ1HlllKOM too
:)1'0 c.miWKOM Aonro. That's too long.
npaKTHKa practical experience, practice

Ike-TaKM noJlj<tMLUb npiKJ1OCY. Anyway, you'll gain practical experience.
JIapoM for nothing, grads, with no return,

in vain, to no avail
nponaCTb (pfv 1) (like ynacTb) to be lost, missing, wasted; to perish
B~f1 lie nponllJl,eT lllipoM The time won't be totally wasted.
" la'leM Te6e npo~MH? And what do you need a profession for?
MeCTC'lKO (var of MecTO) spot, place, job; small town

Tennoe MeCTC'lKO a sort spot, a nice cushy job
yCTp6HTbC.Il (pfv II), yCTp6IOCb, to get a job, to get settled, to get fixed up
yCTp6HWbC.Il, -JiTC.Il (or established)
R. XO'lY yCTp6HTbC.Il Ha TemlOe I want to get myself a nice cushy job.
MeCTC'lKO.
rllllBHblH main, chief
rnaaHoe the main thing
rmiBHoe - yCTp6HTbC.Il Ha Tennoe The main thing is to get yourself set up
MecTC'IKO. in a nice cushy job.
3HaK6McTBO acquaintance, familiarity
no 3HaK6MCTBY by knowing the right people, through
friends
rnaBUQe - YCTp61lTbC.Il no 311aK6MCTsy Ha The main thing is to get yourself set up in a
Tennoe MecTe'lKo. nice cushy job by knowing the right people.
Haot8.Tb (pfv I) (past Hhan, -0, -H, [f] to start, begin
Ha'lana; fut HalfHY, Ha'lHeUIb, -jT)
3apaMTblsaTb (I) to earn (or make) [money)
LESSON 18 421
MHt~ XO'ieTeli Hal.faTb 3upaGaTblaaTb. I want to start earning [money].
rmiBHoe - yCl])OHThCSI 110 JllaKOMCTBY H8 The main thing is to gct yourself set up in a
TClUIoe Mecre<l"O, lIa<laTL XOpoUJO nice cushy job by knowing the right people

Japa6an.lB8Tb. and start earning good [money).
cePbeJHblH senus
Han,ClITbC" (I) (Ha plus acc) to hope, count on, rely on
Han.eJOCb, n:, iTO He cepLbHO rOBOpHuu.. I hope you'rc not serious in saying that.
Hk, cepLbuo. Yes, I am.
.st ca.\'!Tb cne.rtaTh.
XO'ly I myself want to do just that.
Hfh, CepWHO .st CliM XO<lY UK Yes, I am serious. That's what I want to do.
CAenan.,
,nCHbrH, JJ;CHCr (pi only) money
60JlbWHe JJ;CHbrH good money, lols of money
.st GYIlY 3apa6ciTb16aTb 60Jlbwlie lleHbr". I'll be gaking good money.
MawHHa car, machine
CJ)lIlTb Ha MaluHHc to drive a car, go by car
..s1 XO'lY e3llHTb Ha CaOeH MlllllHHC. , want to drive my own car.
IiYJl.Y Japa6aiT1>1BaTL 60JlbUJKC .o.CHbrH, I"I! be earning good money [and] driving my
f:J,!l,HTb Ha CRotK MaUlKIIC, own car.
ycncx success, luck

;eJTaTb (I) to wish
)KeJT3Tb XOMY-HH6y.nb ycnexa to wish someone luck
HY, :emuo Tooe )cuexa. Well, I wish you luck.
SUPPLEMENT
.nenaTb 60Jlbrnlie ycncxH to do very well, to make excellent

progress
0" !tenaeT 60Jlbwlie ycnexli He's doing very well in Russian.
B pyCCKOM 1I3blXC.
MHC Bee paBHO , don't care, it's all the same to me, it
makes no difference to me
Tbl onOJ.naewb Hll JleXlI,Hlo. You'll be late to the lecture.
- Mile BCe paBlI6. I don't care.
MeJJ.,JlCHHblH: slow
BpCM5I wno nlK MeJJ.,JlCIIllO. The time went very slowly.
JallHMaTbC" (I) (pIllS instr), 3aHHMalOCb, to busy oneself, to occupy oneself, to study
--eWbC", ~IOTC5I
Oil JallHMaCTC5I PYCCKIIM R3b1XOM. He's studying Russian.
llpOlUaii, lIIKOJla
B. - BHKTOp A. - AHaroJlHH: (TOJlR) H.- J1ropb
B. BOT H OKOU'IeHa wKona. KaKOe '1yBCTBO c806onhl!
A. 2 3-ro lUISI Te6li cBo6ona: TbJ OTJ1II'fHHK, OCnH JaXO'leWb - CMO)KeWb cp,by B ByJ
nocTym"tTb. 1 A li ltenble ltsa ro.na llomKeH paHbwe pa60T8Tb H8 npoHJBOltCTBe. 2
422 LESSON 18
B. 3 Ho oelll.. TbJ DCer.lla HHTepeCOO:lllCSI TCXU!-lKOH.
11. 4 nOLl,O)K.llH, TOM, a MSfCOKOM6IfHilT? Y Te6si TaM ecn, 3HaKOMbIH, CaM nOMOWHIfK
Ll,upeKTopa.
A. 5 Ero Y:iKe TetM mIT, fn.eTo 0 npyroM MecTe pa60T3.eT. 11, Bee paOIlO, oteMy si TaM
HayotyCb? Ben.b MeHH npocTWM pa600tHM nowmOT.
B. 6 Jl.a, :ho He OC06eHHO aecellO. Hy, HHoterO, n.B3 ron.a npoHn.jT 6bJCTpO, a nOTOM
yCTpOHWb COOIO :iKH3I1b. Kfuc 3aXO'leWb.
A. 7 4TO MHe (mOTOM? Mlte}':iKe Tenepb XOoteTC$! yotHTbCSI B Bj3eP
11. 8 A KaKYro Tbl XOoteWb nOllY'lHlb npo<flecclllO? Bee ewe XOoteWb CTaTb IIHJKeHcpoM?
A. 9 Hlh, si 06 :hOM 60llbwe He Me'lTalO. 4T06bl CT3Tb HH:iKeHCpOM, Hy:iKHO nJiTb lleT
Y'IHTbC}I. 3TO CllHWKOM nOllfO.
B. 10 Bce-TaKH nOllY'IIIWb npaKTIIKY - BPCM$! He npOnaJ.l.eT napOM.
11. II 11 3aQCM Te6e npoeccIISI? rmlBHoe - YCTPO~lTbCSI no 3HaKOMCTOY Ha TenJlOe

MeCTCQKO, l'Ia'lan.. xopOWO 3apa6aTblBaTb.~
A. 12 HanetoCb, Tbl :ho He cepbe3HO rOBOpIIWb.

H. 13 HCT, cepbe3Ho. 11 CaM XOoty T3K CnenaTb. 6yItY 3apa6aTbIOaTb 60llbwJ.ie ACHbfll,
C3.IIHTb Ha COOCH MaWltHe.
B. 14 Hy, :iKellalO Te6e ycnexa!j
NOTES I BYl is comparable to an American college or university; the word itself is
another example of one fonned from initial letters, in this case, Bwcwee yote6Hoe
lueAcHHe higher educational institution.
2 All high school graduates with the exception of OTmI'fH"KH "A" students are
required to do two years of manual work, usually at a factory or kolkhoz, to which
they are assigned by the government.
J Compare the three Russian verbs meaning to sllldy: y'tKTbI y'tKTbCSI, and
laHHMaThcR.
51 y'fY pyCCKHH JlJbIK. I'm studying Russian.

51 y'lyCb pyCCKOMy S13blKY. I'm studying Russian .
.st 3aHHM31OCb PYCCKHM JlJblKOM. I'm studying Russian.
The verb y'llin. usually implies assiduous study and memorization, Le., real
effort: st y'fj i11l pycclOle CJlosa Fm studying these Russian words. The verb)"llin.a
is broader in its meaning: st )"fjCl. ttrpan. B WliXMUW Fm learning how to play
chess; CWH y'OfTCfI 'Orrin. My son is learning to read. The verb J&IDI.\oIan.csil
indicates study on a higher level, usually in connection with a specific field or
discipline: OM laHH....aeTCfI 4tHJMt..-oii He's studying physics; OM JaHll\olaeTCfI WCTOptfeii
KMTa. (or OM cnettMa.micr no McrOpHH KKniiR) He's doing research on the history of
China (or He's a specialist in the history of China).
Note that while xoJI]in. a WK6Jry may be used in the sense to attend school, one
cannot use the verb xo.a.m in reference to a college or university. Compare OH
LESSON 18 423
y'fttTCH (or JaHKMaeTCH) B ByJe He goes 10 college; OK y"tKTCH (or J3I1KMaeTCJI) B
yKHBepcKme He attends the university; with Oil xoJJ,tfr B UlKony He goes to school.
4The notion of TCDJloe MecTli"tKO means not only a sinecure or easy job, but
often one in which the person can make a little extra money on the side through
bribery or illegal dealings.
5 The verb "'emil... is used with the dative for the person (to whom it is wished)
and with the genitive for the thing wished. Such expressions as cnoK'6iiHoH 1l0"tH,
Bcero xOpOwero, and C"t8CTmiBoro uyni are all in the genitive case and have been
shortened from the longer phrase containing the verb ",enaTh: )KenalO aiM (Tdie)
cnoKoiinoii 1l0'fH I wish you a restful night.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION npollU1JlbH3S Be'lepHHK3
BC'lCpHHKa party (informal evcning gathering)

npoma.rlhHblH farewell (adj)
npoW8nbHa.Sl BC'lepHHKa farewell party
Y Hac 6Y.lJ.eT npoUlanbHa~ Be'lep~lHKa. We're going to have a farewell party.
c66p gathering, assembly
B c66pe together, present, here
KlbKcTCA, Bee y",e Broope. I guess everybody's here now.
He-r, Ona ClI.le He npHWJla, No, Olya hasn't come yel.
Dllli 3BOmiJl3, npHJl.CT IIeM"HOrO n03",e. She phoned. She'll come a little later.
)KeHltX, -a; -H, -OB fiance, bridegroom-to-be

11 ]llaeTe C KeM? Co CBoHM "'CKHXOM, And you know with whom? With her fiance.
BhlXO.lJ.HTh 3aMy'" to get married (said of women only)

Pa3Be OHa BbIXO.lJ.HT JaMy)K? You mean she's getting married?
C "'et:tHXOM? Pa3Be oua BblXO.lJ.HT Ja,\1YiK? With her fiance? You mean she's getting
married?
3-ro H .lI.JI.H Memi lIOBOCTb. That's news even to me.
c'ulcTbe [~a~ui 1 happiness, luck

.ll.aBame Bblnl.eM ]8 ee c"t9crl.e. Let's drink 3 toast to her happiness!
Let's do that!
6yJ:tYUlce, -era future

A TeDep~ - Ja uame 6YJJ.Ywee, And now, to our future.
BtlHO, -8; BHHa, BHH wine

HanHTb (pfv I), HaJlblO, HanhCWl., -lOT to pour, fill (by pouring)
HllJIeii MHe end'; 8Hua, Baml. Pour me some more wine, Vanya!
epH3HK physicist
C06HpaTbC.II (I), c06HpalOCb, -eWbC.ll, to plan, intend, prepare, get ready;
-IOTCIf to gather, assemble
Mbl co6HpaeMc.ll 6bITb epH3HKaMH. We're planning to be physicists.
Mbi C HS.lJ.eii c06HpaeMcH 6thl. 4I1iJHK3MH, Nadya and I are planning to be physicislS.
A Thl, 6op~, KCM XO'leWb 6blTb? How about you, Borya, what do you want to be?
Y'lellhl~, -oro scientist. scholar, learned man
424 LESSON 18
How about you, Borya, what do you wanl to
be, a scientist?
KOCMOH3.BT astronaut, cosmonaut
.R xo"y 6blTh KOCMOIl3.BTOM. I want to be a cosmonaut.
XOTe.n 6b1 [xatelbiJ would like
A XOTen 6bI 6hrn. I\:OCMOtUIBTo.\f. I'd like to be a cosmonaut.
M3.CJI0 buncr
nepe,miTb (pfv like llATh) (past nepeaa.Jl, to pass, hand, give, pass on
-<l, -M; (f] -a)
nepea,Hi .MHe MacJtO. Pass me the buner.
KOJl6aca, -hi; KOJl6ftCbI, KOJI6ac sausage
nepe.naii MUe KOJl6acy. Pass me the sausage.
ncpe.naii Mile 1\o13cnO " K0JI6aey. Pass me the butler and sausagc.
nOJlCTen. (pfv II), nOJle"y, nonenhllb, ~gT to ny
Mapc Mars
X6'lewb flOJICTeTb 113 Mape? You want to fly to Mars?
JCMnJJ, -Vi; 3CMJll1, 3CMeJ1b (ace sg 3CMJlJO) earth, land
BOKpyr (plus gcn) around
X6"CWb nOJlCTeTb BOKpyr 3eMJlVi? You want 10 fly around the Earth?
XO"lClUb nOJleTeTb BOKpyr 3eMJUt "JIM IIpliMO You want to fly around the Earth, or straight
lIa Mape? to Mars?
HC CT6HT it's not worthwhile, why bother, it's DO use
Ha Mapc He CTOKT. TaM TcY...e *IOH" HeT. No use going to Mars; therc's no life there
either.
lUYrKa joke
:no y-...e crapu mjTKa. That joke's already an old one.
can<t>en<a napkin
BHT5I, nepe.naii MHe C81l~". Vitya. hand me the napkins.
nCiKan, (II), JleiKY, nC)IOIWb, -aT to be lying
ncpen (or nepe.o:o) (plus inslr) in front of, before
011" ncpe.o: ToOOii nc:aT. They're lying in front of you.
"pacHYThC$( (pfv I), npocIlYct., to wake up
npoCHeWhC$(, -yTCH
BHnl1!! npocfUicb 1 Vitya, wake up!
J3nyM3TbC" (pfv I) to become lost in thought, fall into
reverie, daydream
Vitya, wake up! What were you daydreaming
about?
pelUllTb (pfv II), peluy, pelUHlUb, -AT 10 decide, make a decision
)l3 lie MOry pelIIlITb, KY.nA tt.fHe 11J1n1. Why, I can't decidc where I ought to go.
HIlK3.K (He) by no means, in no way (lit. nohow)
.aa HHtnb. He MorY peunITt., KYll.a M..e HJITJi. J can't for the life of me decide where I ought
to go.
IIIITepecOe3Tb (I), HllTCpecjJo, to interest
IfHTepecyewb, -lOT
Mcml Bee HHTepecYer. Everyt.hing interests me.
LESSON 18 425
~tIlCntTYT institute
ne,(J.Jo1HCTHTYr (gcdins\itut] teachers college
nOCTynaH D neJ.tHllcTHTy-r. Enroll in a teachers college.
mrrcf>ax department of Iitcrature
H3 mlT<paK to study literature
'lT6-m1 maybe, perhaps, possibly
Ky.na I-fHe nOCTymiTb? Where should I enroll?
8 IICJ.tMHC"I'llTYr 'ITO JIM, Ha JlHTcilliK? Perhaps in a teachers college, to study
literature?
MblCJlb (I) idea, thought
XOpOUJali MWcnb. That's a gopd idea.
H TO*C TYlla aYMaJQ. I'm thinking of going there, too.
npeno.n303Tenb (m) teacher, instructor
n~M6e.\1)" 6brn. npeoollalUhelleM o"tetu. In my opinion, being a teacher is very
KtfTepmw. interesting.
SUPPLEMENT
XHMHK chemist
A XO'fy CTaTb XHMHKOM. I want to become a chemist.
HCT6pHK historian
A XO'fy C'T3Tb HCTOpHKOM. I want to become a historian.
TexHHK technician
6H cr3.HCT TCXHHKOM. He'll be a technician.
HaYxa science, knowledge. study. lesson
MeHI1 IlHTepecy.oT TO'lHble HaYKH, The exact sciences interest me.
BM Te6e HayKa! Let thai be a lesson to you!
Hay'fHblii scientific, scholarly
6H nHUleT llaY'lIl)'lO pa6oT)'. He's writing a scientific (or scholarly) work.
npenO.!laB8Tb (I) (like llaohb) to teach, instruct
6H npenollaeT PYCCKMH S!3.bIK. He teaches Russian.
OK6H'IIlTb (pfv u) to finish, graduate from
611 OKOH'IIlJl By3.!tBa r6lla TOMy Ha3M. He graduated from college two years ago.
npocblOhbCR (I) to wake up
A 06';1'1110 npocblOalOcb B WCcTb. I usually wake up at six.
np6WJlbli'i past, last
01111 npMexaJtH 113 npownOH Hellene. They arrived last week.
np6wnoe, -oro lhe past
3a6Y.!tb 0 np6wnoM! Forget about the past!
nHTepaTypllbli'i literary
8w 'lHTaeTe 11MTepaTyPHylO n13thy? Do you read the Literary Gazette?
Bepa HBaH (BaHM) BliKTop (BHTfl) SOpHC (SoPS!)
HaM Ka)l{eTCH, BCe )')iCe B c60pe. Herr, Oml eute He npllwm'i.
Bepa 2 OHa 3BOHJtna. npHJleT HeMHoro 1l03lKe. H 3HaeTe C KeM? Co CBOHM )KeHHXOM. 2
426 I..fSSON 18
Binul 3 C )l(CH'tXOM? P33SC OHa BblXOJJ.JtT 33My)l(?
BHTH 4 31'0 H AJUI MCHH HOSOCTb. ):laslHin SblnbCM 3a ee C<taCTbC.

SOPS! 5 BblnbeM. A Tenepb - 3a Harne 6Yaymee. Haneu ~iHe eLUe BHHll, Bam.. J
BaliS! 6 BOT Mbl C HaJJ.cH c06HpaeMCS! 6bITb cPH3HKaMH.4 A Tbl, Sopsr, KeM x.o'lewb
6brrb? Y'IeHbIM?~
SOPS! 7 Her, oR xOTen 6bl 6bITb KocMoHasToM. nepeJIaH Mfle MaCnO H Kon6acy.
CnacH60.
Ha.w. 8 KOCMOHasTOM? BOKpyr 3eMmi XOqClUb noncTCn fum npoRMo na Mapc?

BaliS! 9 Ha Mapc He CTOHT, TaM TO)l(C )KH3HH He,. ...
HaAS! 10 3TO y)l(e CTapaS! wYn~a.6 BHT.sl, nepeA3.H MHe CaJ1cPeTKH, omi ncpe.a T060
nC)l(3T. BHTH!!! npoCHHCb! Tbl 0 IteM 3aJIYM3JlC.sl?
BHTH 1I ):la IUfKciK He MOry pelUHTb, Ky.na MHe Jt.nTH: MCH.R BcC HHTCpecyCT.
B neJJ.HHCTJ'Iljr "ITO RH, Ha RHT!pb?7
Bepa 12 XOpOWa5I MbICJlb! R TO)KC TYJJ.3 JJ.YMalO. nO-MOeMy, 6wTb npenoJJ.ashcncM

o'lellb J.1HTCpeeUO. 8
NOTES I Russians use the word ae.. .e p to mean both evening and parly. In the latter
sense. abrep refers to a formal or institutional evening gathering. For a private

party, however, Be<repKtu... . is more commonly used. The preposition sa (plus
prepositional or accusative) is used with both Bi<lep and BeotepKaKa in this sense:
.sl n03HaKOMHJlCSl c HliM B KJIy6e I met him at a 'party at the club.
BC'tepe.
118
np"xollihe K Hiw Ha Be<tepHHKY. Come to a pony at our place.
1 The word ...etnix fiance, bridegroom-lo-be and neaecra fiancee, bride-lo-be
have come back into official usage, following the return of the tradition of engage-
ments in the U.S.S.R. In an effort to discourage church weddings, the Soviet
government has been trying to make civil wedding ceremonies more attractive and
has even established special ,lI,BOpubt C<taCTbR palaces of happiness, one in Moscow
and one in Leningrad. The whole ceremony-champagne included-takes about
five minutes. There is always a waiting line of young couples. many or whom have
traveled great distances in order to be married there.
l The Russian language is rich in variants of names which reflect the attitude or
relationship of the speaker to the pe~n named. Thus BIO."TOp may be called BKnI
informally, BKn.K8 to show superiority or contempt, or BKTetlbK8 to show af
rectionale regard. Similarly, HBU is called BUR, BUbK'a, or Balle-tKa; HH..Wlaa
becomes KoJUl, K6.rJbK8. and K6.rJe"tKa (or KOneHbKa). Om.ra is informally called
OJiH and affectionately OJte'tKa; Bepa is affectionately Bepo'lKa, but pejoratively
BepKa; 60ptk is infonnally GOpR, pejoratively oopbKa, and affectionately 6Ope<fKa.
Many CTOn-nouns designating professions may apply to women as well as
to men:
QHa lItJU.K. She's a physicist.
QHa XOpOWH" opa't. She's a good physician.
LESSON 18 427
TOBapiuu Opn6Ba - np0<Peccop Comrade Orlov (f) is a professor of
MaTeMannGl. mathematics.
OHl~ xHMJlK. She's a chemist.
Omi 60nbllloj.i Cnell,Harll1c-r. She's a great specialist.
S Note that Russian uses the pronoun KYO while English uses what in referring
to w~rk or professions:
KTO OM, XHMJlK? What is he, a chcmist?

KCM Tht X6'lellib 6blTb? What do you want to be?
KCM TM CTaHCWh, ItH:lKeHepoM? What arc you going to be, an engineer?
(; "Ha Mapa: ro)Ke )KH3HH Hth" is the punch line from a recent space-age
anti-Soviet joke. A cosmonaut, on returning from Mars, is asked if there is any
life there and replies, "No, there's no life on Mars either."
7 ne)].HIICTHTYT (short for nClJ,arOrH'IecKHH H1ICTlfTjT) serves the same function

as an American teachers college. Students in the ne~HIICTHTYT specialize in one
field only. For example, Vera hopes to major in literature, i.e., enroll in the depart-
ment of literature nOCT)'IDfTb lIa JIHTclJaK (full form JIHTcpaTYpUIJIH c1JaKYJIbTtIT).
8 The term npeuoJ.1aBa:rem. is applied to instructors at the secondary or uni-

versity level. The rank of IIPCIIO~aB:iTem. is used at the university level for an
instructor without an advanced degree who teaches basic or introductory courses.
The term y'lHTeJIb, on the other hand, is limited to the elcmentary and secondary-
school levels, or refers to a teacher who gives private lessons, for example, in music
or dancing.

I. Moj.i ,1vi,lt)J GbEn HH)KeHepoM. My uncle was an engineer.
_______ XHMJlKOM. ______ a chemist.
______ <pH3HKOM. ______ a physicist.
______ JlCTOPJlKOM. _______ a historian
______ 1J,JlpeKTOpOM ______ the director of a teacher's
neJUlHCTH"ljTa. college.
_ _ _ _ _ _ npen01J,aOaTCJleM ItCTOpltJl. _-,- a history teacher.
2. 611 6LIJI nOMOllllIHKOM J'l:JlpeKTopa. He was the dircctor's assistant.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npoepeccopa. _ _ _ the professor's assistant.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ opa'la. _ _ _ the doctor's assistant.
3. Tbl HIlTepecYeUlbcSl iKH3HhfO 0 Konxo3C? Are you interested in life on the kolkhoz?
________ JlCTOpItCH? ____________ history?
________ xHMHeif? _________ chemistry?
________ rcorpaeplfeii? ______________ geography?
____________ <PH3HXOH? ______________ physics?
_________ JlltTepal'ypoii? _________ Iiterature?
________ .:hoii pa66ToH? _________ this work?
_________ pa66TOii na _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a job in the meat-
MMCOKOM5HH<lTe ? packing plant?
428 LESSON 18
4. 51 C0611palOCb criTb Bpa'iOM. I plan to become a doctor.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HH:lKeHep<>M. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an engineer.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TeXIIHKOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a technician.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KOCMOliaBTOM. _______ a cosmonaut.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npenO.QaBaTCJICM. _ _ _ _ _ _ a teacher.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y'leUblM. _______ a scientist.
5. KeM Oil pa66TaCT? What kind of work does be do?

- Oil paOOTaeT saxTipoM. He works as a custodian.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ IIOCH.nbWIIXOM. _ _ _ _ _ portcr.
_ _ _ _ _ _ U1o$epoM. ______ chauffeur.
_______ aAMHHlIcTpaTopoM. ______ administrator.
_ _ _ _ _ _ ceKpeTapeM. _ _ _ _ _ secretary.
6. 51 Haxo:lKy:ho HHTepemlolM. I find this interesting.

_ _ _ _ _ TpY.llH blM . _ _ _ difficult.
_ _ _ _ _ _ nerKHM. _ _ _ easy_
_ _ _ _ _ _ B03MO)l(UbIM. _ _ _ _ possible.
_ _ _ _ _ _ IICB03MO>KHblM. _ _ _ _ impossible.
7. OilKaJanCH CTIipblM. He seemed old.

_ _ _ _ _ MOJlOm:tM. _ _ _ _ young.
_ _ _ _ _ cHMllanf'llfblM. _ _ _ _ Dice.
_ _ _ _ crpaHHblM. _ _ _ _ strange.
_ _ _ _ _ cnOKOihlblM. _ _ _ _ quiet.
8. 3TOT 'lCJIOBeK MHe KfuKeTCH rJlyublM. That man seems stupid to mc.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ YMHblM. ______ intelligent_.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6eJn.YUlK.blM. _____ heartless _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CHMnaTlf'lH.blM. _____ likable _
____________ Hec'fa.CTHMM. _____ unhappy __
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3HaICOMhlM. ______ familiar _
9. Bon CTana XOJlOAHOii:. The water became (or turned) cold.

_ _ _ _ _ ropJi'leii:. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hot.
_ _ _ _ _ renJloii:. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wann.
_ _ _ _ ICpacuoii:. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,ed_
_ _ _ _ _ c,iuciL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ blue.
_____ 'l~PIIOli. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ black.
10. Duu 6WlH MOJIO.llhtMH epa'faMH. Thcy were young doctors.

_ _ _ _ _ XOpOWHMH cnelUl3miCTaMH. _ _ _ _ good specialists.
_____ CTapblMH 3HaKOM.bfMH. _ _ _ _ old acquaintances.
_ _ _ _ _ npelCpaCHl>IMU neBll3.MlI. _ _ _ _ excellent singers.
_ _ _ _ _ CTapWMlI JlJOJl.bMH. _ _ _ old people.
II. 08 6blJl 3HaKOM C TOJlcThiM. He was acquainted with Tolstoy.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ C 4aHK08CKHM. _______ with Tscbaikovsky.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ C ManOeCICHM. _______ with Mayakovsky.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C J],OCToeecICHM. _______ with Dostoevsky.
______ C rOpbKHM. _______ with Gorky.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c TOJlCTbtMlI. _______ with the Toistoys.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C J],OCToCBCKHMH. _______ wilh the Dostoevskys.
LESSON 18 429
12. KaK6ro IJ,llha BaWa MawHlla'? What color is your car'?
- 4epHaSl c 6C.nhIM. Black and white.
_____ c JCJIeHhlM. _ _ _ green.
_____ c CJ.lHUM. _ _ _ blue.
_____ C JKeJITblM. _ _ _ _ yellow.
13. KaKoro uBtha BaW KOC~M '? What color is your costume?
- 6e.nhlH C KpaCHhlM. White and (or with) red.
_ _ _ _ C rOJIy6~IM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ blue.
____ c cnHHM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dark blue.
14. 3aHnJ.lTe KO MHe nepeJl 06enOM. Drop in to see me before dinner.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ncpen 3K3<1MCHOM. _______ before the exam.
_______ uepen ypOKOM. _______ before the lesson.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl JICKl..I,Heil:. _______ before the lecture.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl KOIIl.\epToM. _______ before the concert.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepen pa6oToH. _______ before work.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl c06paHHeM. _______ before the meeting.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl lIa'lanOM Kami.xyJI. _______ before the beginning of
vacation.
15. nepe.n. Mara3HlIOM M<1cca JII{),lI,eH. Thcre are lots of people in fronl of the store.
___ J.n.<1HHCM'- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the building.
_ _ JlBephMH'- _ _ the doors.
_ _ ,l10MOM _ _ the house.
_ _ dcco _ _ the box office.
_ _ ropcoacToM _ _ the city hall.
___ rocniHHucil _ _ the hotel.
16. KaK T~l :lTO yCTpOHJI? How did you arrange it?
_ _ _ _ _ Japa6onlJl? ______ earn it?
_ ~_ _ peWH.n '? _ _ _ _ _ decide (or solve) it?
_ _ _ _ _ HaIllen? _ _ _ _ find it?
_ _ _ _ _ nOTepsin ? _ _ _ _ _ Iose it?
17. TaK T~t HI1KOl')la He Hay'lI1IllbcSr. You'll never learn anything that way.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yCTpOHWbCll. _ _ _ _ gct a job _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npOCHeWbCll. _ _ _ _ _ wake up _
________ c HeH He _ _ _ _ meet her _
nOJlIaKOMHWbCJl.
18. MHe lie XO'lel'CSI npocbIITaThCSI. l don't feel like waking up.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C06Hp<lTbCSI. ______ getting ready.
_______ inlM JaHHMaTbCJl. ______ doing (or studying) that.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y'lHThCll. ______ studying.
_ _ _ _ _ _ BOJBpamaThCSI . ______ going back.
_ _ _ _ _ _ Ca;:ufThCSI. ______ sitting down.
_______ c Heli 3HaKOMHThCSl. ______ meeting her.
19. Ji neMlioro nocItmo. ['II take a little nap.

611 nocnHT. He'll take .
QHJ.l nocmiT. They'll take .
QHa HeMHoro nocnamL She look a little nap.
6H nocn<Dl. He took'- .
430 LESSON I 8
20. Kormi BY 06bl'lHO npocblmleTecb'1 When do you usually wake up?
-c-- TbJ npocblnaewbcSl? _ _ do you wake up?
.sf 06Y'IlIO npocb.lnfuocb B ceMb. I usually wake up at seven.
MbI _ _ npocblnaeMC5l _ W e - wake up _
OHii _ _ npocblnaIOTcSl _ They _ wake up _
21. 611 CKOPO npocHeTOI .. He'll wake up soon,

011" _ _ npocnjTcJI. They'll wake up _
.sf TOnbKO 'ITO npocHyncSI, I just woke up.
aHa npoCHynacb, She woxe up.
ami npocHyJ1lICb. Thcy _ _ woke up.
22. Dopa6oTaif HCMlIoro! Do a little bit of work!

Docn" HeMHoro t Take a little nap!
nOTalluYH HeMHOro! Dance a bit!
OOIllaR T3M ueMHoro! Live there for a while!
Oo6YJlb co MHO"! Slay with me!
OOCH,ll;R lleMHoro! Sit awhile! or Slay awhile!
nonC)KR neMHoro! SlaY in bed awhile! or Lie down for awhile!
Oorymiif HeMHoro! Go for a little stroll!
nOXO./11i IICMHoro! Walk a bit!
23. By y'lHTecb pyCCKOMy S1JblKj? Are you studying (or learning) Russian?
Tbl Y"lHWbCSl ? Are you studying (or learning) ?
.sf}"IyCb allrnRi1cKoMy S1JbIKY. I'm studying (or learning) English.
6" y'lHTCSlL _ He's studying (or learning) _
OIlR y'laTcSlL _ They're studying (or leamingl-.
24, .sf MHoroe y:man. J found out a lot or I learned a lot.

Ty MHoroMy Ray.rnwbC5l. You'llleam a lot.
My 0 MlloroM rOBopli:mt. We talked about a lot of things.
.sf 1(0 MlloroMY npHBbnc_ I'm used to a lot of things_
ORa Mllororo 601fTot. She's afraid of a lot of things.
Ona co Mllon!..\f lie COrn8.CHa. There's a lot she doesn't agree with.
25 . .sf :ho nepe)laM BaweMy JHaJCOMOMy. I'll pass this on to your friend.
_ _ _ _ _ _ oaWHM 31l3KOMblM. _______ your friends.
_ _ _ _ _ _ DaWeit JllaKoMoH. _______ your friend.
_ _ _ _ _ _ l:IalllHM pa60'lHM. _______ our workers.
Pronunciation practice: clusters beginning with the letters

c and 3
Ousters begiDn.ing with the letter c.
A. c + c: = long c
(ssoQij] C COlleH (nh;aij] C clilleH

with Sonya with blue
[~v:)m] C CtBOM [ssup3m] C cynoM
with the sowing with soup
[ssaI3m] C canoM
with fat
LESSON 18 431
B.c+J=longJ
[Hirn6j] C 3ltMOH [m yi~tiu J C 3aSItCTbK> [zzoni] C 36Hbl
with winter with envy from the zone
(wQi] C38.Jm [zz6I:lt:lm] C 36noToM {zziV3tl C3blS3.Tb
from behind with gold to call together
C.c+w=longw
[ra~~i~it~J pacurn6HTbC~ ~i1;)m] C llJltnOM [~irin6j} C llIHpHHOii
to break to pieces with an awl with the width
~~it] CWHTb lfXl~~iblitl nOCWlt6aTb [ra~sitij] pacwHTblii
to sew 10 knock down embroidered
[~Mr:lml C wapoM [~sapbj] C wanKoH
with a ball with a cap
["utk:ljj C WYncOH (s~r~uu] C WCpcTblO
with a joke with wool
D. c + '* = long '*

[Hit] C)l(HTb [p:lffimaU nQC)KHMaTb
worry to death to squeeze together
[illrnm] C )l(apoM [fiapbj] C ",a6KoH
animatedly with a small toad
[fiutbj] C )l(y,'Koii [W~tiu] C )l(WrblO
with horrible with a tin plate
[zzir:lm] C )I(HPOM [zzin6j) C :lKeuM
with fal with wife
E. c+ '1= UJ'I(uU
~~Ui] c'Iacn.e [rn~is:iU paC'IeclTb [~imadan;}ml C '1eMoJIiHOM

happiness to comb apart with a suitcase
[SCitAU C'IItTItTb ~sbj] C '13WKOH [scilavebm] C '1enOBtKOM
to count with a cup with a man
[nasc6t) ltaC'IeT [~uZim] C'I)')KltM (Qi~mJ OM C'lCM
concerning with a foreign with nothing
[i~ci~lal1 Ilc'IllcmiTb [~ciSlim] C '1IICTblM
to calculate with clean
Chasten beginoing with tbe letter J.
A. 3 + J = long J
[izza yi~ti]"3 33BHCTH [iz.z.a(1Y.l) 1t3 :sapeBa (iHima] 1t3 Jepua

from envy from the glow from grain
[izzo 00I 1t3 366a [izz6ni) "3 36ubl IraHivat~] pa3JeaaTbCJI
from the craw from the zone to yawn
B.3+c=longc
[issad:l] H3 ci.a.a {issuIY-J] 113 cyna [issipucij] 113 cblny'leH
from the orchard from soup from the quicksand
[i~~rpiQ.i] 113 cCMeH" [issarat:lva] 113 CapaTOSa [j~~611 113 ce.n
from the seed from Saratov from villages
432 LESSON 18
C.3+*=long*
[iH:iI~~\il 113 :>KanOCTI1 [ifiari\l 113:lKapHTb [iUirla 1 "], )Kepmi
from pity to fry from the muzzle
(iH6g~] "3:lK6ra [iHilutk~J :>Ke.nYllKa
113 [raHival] pa3:lKeBaTb
heartburn from the stomach to chew apart
D. 3 +w = long IU
[i~rnil 113 wepcT" [iS~af'J ) mapa

113 [i~~olk~J "3 UJcmca
from wool from a sphere from silk
(i~~inniJ "3 WHPMbl [iMot~iJ H3 wynol [iUilia) H3 mHThR
from a screen from a joke from sewing
E. ], + "t = IlJ"I (IQ)
(i~\il 'IaCT"
113 [iSCimad..;in:;)] H3 'leMo.uaHa
from the part from the suitcase
(~u!6~] 113 'f)'JIC6ro [i~"iJ H3 'Jawlrn
from foreign from a cup
[i~isla J 113 'II1CJIa [iSCivo] H3 'Jero
from the number from what
Use of the instrumental in tbe predicate witb verbs of being

and becoming
MODELS
6" 6bm .ullpeICTOPOM 3aaO,ll3. He was plant direclOr.

_ _ _ ,Il01CT0POM. _ _ _ a doctor.
_ _ _ npeno.u aa tlTeJ1eM. _ _ _ an instructor.
_ _ _ nelH.tOM. _ _ _ 3 singer.
-===
_
y'llheJleM.
npo(IJCcCOpOM J.lCTOpUH.
___ a teacher.
___ a history professor.
_ _ _ MOHM coce.uOM. ___ my neighbor.
Om! 6btJla <pH3I1KOM. She was a physicist

_ _ _ _ :UfMKkOM. _ _ _ a chemist.
____ MoeH CocelOCOH. _ _ _ my neighbor.
_ _ _ _ y'UfTeJlbHHueH My3bIXH. _ _ _ a music teacher.
_ _ _ _ y66pUl,HLl,eH. _ _ _ a cleaning woman.
_ _ _ _ npo,aaBwHLl,eH. _ _ _ a saleslady.
_ _ _ _ cneuHamfCToM B 3TOM ,Ilene. _ _ _ a specialist in lhis field.
>1 6j.uy Bpa'lOM. I'm going to be a doctor.

_ _ _ HH:lKenepoM. _ _ _ _ _ _ an engineer.
___ TCXHlIKOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ a technician.
___ IICTOP"KOM. ______ a historian.
_ _ _ KOCMOIl3:8TOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ an astronaut.
LESSON 18 433
OHa cnllleT IlHJKeHCpOM. She'll become an engineer.
_ _ _ _ .aOKTOpoM. _ _ _ _ _ a doctor.
_~ neaRueH. _ _ _ _ _ a singer.
_ _ _ _ _ )"'uheJlbHHueH. _ _ _ _ _ a teacher.
Mbi c cecTp6H 6Y.aCM $HJltkaMll. My sister and I are going to be physicists.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ xHMHkaMH. ____________ cbemists.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npeno.aasaTeJl"MI1. _____________ instructors.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y"tHTeJlAMIt. ____________ teachers.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HmKeHcpaMIf. ____________ engineers.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ llOKTOplIMH. ____________ doctors.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the instromental case is used in tbe predicate after verbs such
as 6bcn. and criTh to describe what one was in the past or expects to be in the future.
I. She's a high-school teacher. 2. I'm a chemist.

She was a highschoolreacher. I'm going iO be a chemist.
Om'l y'ut-reJIbHHua. }1 XHMHK.
Omi 6b1J18 y'tiiTCJlbHHu.eH. A 6YM XHMHKOM.
6u nOM6111lIHK J],ltpeKTopa. .st .Qonop.
0" 6w ItOMOEUHJtKOM llHpe....,.opa. A 6ylIY .lJ.OKTOpoM.
(ou XJIMHK, OHa spa'!, Oil y'UfTeJlb, 011 (neseu" HCTOpltK, ,nltperrpp $a6pHKH,
J],HpeKTOp 3aBona, olla neSHWl, OHa MOR opo4leccop XHMHH, npenO.QaBaTeJlb
coce,llKa, OHM neaUbl, OH OTJlH'!HHX, OHa M)'3b1kH, )"IHTeJlb, CTY.QeHT 8)'38)
CTy.ac1ITKa)
RESPONSE DRILLS
I. My friend is a physicist. 2. rm not a professor.

Hisfather also was a physicist. But 1 hope to become one.
MOM l~pyr <PI-f3ItK. .st fie npo<Peccop.
En) OTen To*e 6wJ] "hHKOM. Ho j HUtlCIOCb cran. npo4leccopoM,
Molt ,apyr ynheJlb. jf He HH)KeUep.
En) OTCU. TO:e 6wJI y"IfTCJleM. Ho Ii Ha.nelOCb crtin. KIce"epoM.
(HCTOpHK, l'CXHHK, nposO.ll.HHK, wexpep, (.nOKTOp, $ltJlt.k, KOCMouaaT, OTJIH'UIHK,
HOCKJIbLUHX, KOJIXOJIIHk) lI.Hpenop)
3. rm ;nter~sted in rhe work of a doctor. 4. A doctor's profession is very interesting.

It's interesting to be a doctor. I wani to become a doctor.
A HHTepecjtOCb paOOTOH .aoKTopa. npo<peccHJI Bpa'ta 6'teHb IfHTecua.
Ktrrepiato 6bcn. .aOh."TOpoM A xO'f'j crin. BpUlfOM.
.s1 HIiTepeCYlOCb paooToH H",kellepa. npo<J>eccWl )"Il-fTelUl 6'teUb IfHTCpeCIlU.
MHTepecllo 6brn. HlDKCHCpo.'Vl, A XO'ly CTtiTb Y'lwreJIeM.
(TexIlIIKa, IICTopHKa, JUtMHKa, npenO.QaBa- (np<XPeccIUl IIIDKenepa, npoqlcccHSI ,aOKTO-
TellSl, Bpatfa, Y'fHTeJISI) pa, npo<PeccH.lI XJfMIfKa, npo<flecclUl qHf-
3lfKa, npocpeccHli IfCTOpHKa)
434 LESSON 18
CUEO QUESTlON~ANSWER DRILL
(cosmonauts) Whal do they plan to become?

Cosmonauts.
(KocMouaBTbl) KCM OHii co6HpafOTcSI 6blTb?
KOCMOIl3BTaMlI.
(HH)Kenep) KCM 6n C06lipaeTCSI 6blTb?
MmKcHePoM.
(npeno.n;aBaTeJUl, y'HtTeJlbHlfUa,
HH)KeHepbI, npo.n;aal.l.J;liua, neaeu,
y'lHTeJlh, Bpa'lI1, neBHua)
I. Is she a physician? 2. Was your son interested in technology?

Yes, alld her SO/lS will also be physicians. Yes, and he became a technician.
OHa spaq? Baw cMH HHTepecoBMcR TeXHl1KoH?
){i, H ee CLlHOBbH n>*e 6yAYT Bpa'faMH. )l;a, II Oil C'TliJi TexIIHKoM.
QHa xill.Ut.K? Baw CbIH HHTCpecoBaJ1~ neHHcM?
){a, H ee CblHOBLli TO>Ke 6Y.llyr "IiMHK3MH. )1;8., H OH cyaJl ueBlIoM.
(H1DKeHep, <p113HK, .llOKTOP, TeXHHK, (<pH3l1KOH, XHMl1eH, HCTopueH, MecTOM .

.ll"peKTOp <pa6prnm) ceKpeTapR, MCCTOM nOMOl.I.J;llUKa .D,H
peKTopa)
3. Is her daughter a college studefll ?

Yes, she recently became one.
Ee .a.6lJb - CTy.ucnTKa sy3a?
){a, olla lIe.llUHO craJlil cry.a;CIlTKOii:.
Ee .u6% - HIOKeHcp?
,l{a, olla lIe;:utBuo cniJlil HH>KetlcpoM.
(y6opmHua, spa'l, 3aO'lUHua, npo-
.a.aBUlHua, npoq,eccop XHMHlI, yql1-
TeJlbHlIua)
DISCUSSION
Whereas the nominative case is used in simple, definition statements in the presenl tense, the
instrumental case is generally required in past or future definitions.
Compare On HH:lKeUcp. He's an engineer.
with 6u 6blJl !1lVKeHepoM. He was an engineer.
OH cTaHeT Hl-OKeHcpoM. He'll become an engineer.
6H X6'1eT 6biTh HIDKencpoM. He wants to be an engineer.
In such instances, the instrumental usually describes a situation which is impermanent-one
that was or is to become.
Note that one uses tbe nominative, however, if he views the situation described as pcnnanent.
6H 6bill aMepHK3Heu. He was an American.
3Ta )l(eHUll1Ua 6blJla MOR MaTb. That woman was my mother.
LESSON 18 435
The instrumental of adjectives
THE ENDINGS
SINGULAR
PLURAL
-WM. -tIM -oii,-ri: -1oIMHo -HMH
MODElS
KaK rn M6:lKCWb 6bm. TaKHM cnoK6HHl.lM? How can you be so calm?

____________ MlirKHM? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ soft?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CKy'fHbIM? _ _ _ _ _ _ dull?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ XOJlOJ1.HbIM? _ _ _ _ _ _ cold?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ _ 6e3.uYrnHbIM? ________ heartless?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r.rrJnbIM? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ silly?
OJePO ka3anOCb cnOl,OHHWM. The lake seemed caJm.

_ _ _ _ _ _ 6oJIbwH,\I. _ _ _ _ _ _ Iarge.
_ _ _ _ _ _ CRUMM:. _ _ _ _ _ _ dark blue.
_ _ _ _ _ _ JeJleHbI.'l'l. _ _ _ _ _ _ green.
Bowi cnl.na xon6.aHoi. The water's gotten cold.

_ _ _ _ -rennoi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ warm.
_ _ _ _ ropliqei. _ _ _ _ _ _ hot.
QHa H3M dxeTC~ fJlYnoi. She seems silly to us.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ YMHoi. _ _ _ _ intelligent _
_______ Hec'Jacrnoii. _ _ _ unbappy _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CHMllanf'fHoii. _ _ _ likeable _
KaK6ro u,aen saw KOCTK>M? What color is your costume?

-4epHhlH c 6C;lbIM. Black and white.
_ _ _ _ _ C KpaClfblM. _ _ _ red.
_ _ _ _ c rony6biM. _ _ _ light blue.
_ _ _ _ C )f(eJ1ThlM. _ _ _ _ yellow.
_ _ _ _ _ C C"Hk\l. _ _ _ blue.
- DenblH C 'JepHWMH TO'lKaMH. White with black polka dots.

_ _ _ C KpaCHbIMII _ _ _ _ red .
_ _ _ C rOJly6biMK _ _ light blue _ _.
_ _ _ C CHHIIMJI _ _ _ _ blue _
_ _ _ _ C JeJleHWMN _ _ _ _ green _
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the instrumental form of the adjective is orten used to focus
on a temporary condition.
436 LESSON 18
STRUCTURE REPLAC1,MENT ()RILLS
1. He's nice. 2. The lake is calm.

He seems nice to me. The lake seems calm.
Ou CHMnanf'fHbfH. OJCpo cnOkOHHoe.
Ou ~OIC K8_erCR CKMnani'tHbIM. 03ePO Ka",ercR CIiOKOihtLlM.
Dua MHna.q. )l.op6ra JlJIHHHaR.
Qua MUe Kti",eTCR MHJloii. .llop6ra K8:CTC1l JJ.JDiltHoii,
(OlUi yMH.bIC, OH rJlym>lH, OH }'MHhtii, JIee 6oJlbw6ii.
OHU CIIMnaTH'fHble, olla XOJlOAHaJI. ona YJlHI..tll cnOk6HHlUI.
ay'lHaR, 01111 6e3.a,YUJHble. 011 CeJJo 6onbw6e.
cnOKOHHbl.H) tlop6ra KOpOTKlUI.
3eMJlJ1 'lepHlUI.
Xne6 BKyCHb[H.
3. The meeting was an interesting one.

The meeting seemed interesting to me.
Co6paHHC 6bmO IIHTepeeHoe. JIea::l.l.HJ1 6b1mi .n.mi:HHaR.
C06pamre MIlC l'a3aJlOCb- HHT~. 30aMeHbl 6blnH Tpy,D.Hble.
310AMeH 6br.n TpYAH.blH. Yp6" 6bm kOp6TKItH.
3to:DMCIl MIle l'a3iJlC1l TPYWfLIM. PeJyJlbT3.Tbl 6bmH HHTepCalble.
QUESTIONANSWER ()RILL EXPANSION DRILL
How do you find the soup? Are you acquainted with her girl friend?
I find it ~'ery delicious. Are you acquainted with her nice girl friend?
Kb SM 113x6llHTe crn? Tbi JHakOM C ee nonpy~oH?
st ero H:lXO"'Y O'leHh Bto:yCHhIM. Tw JHaKOM C ee CH.\t:llanf'lHOH 1I0JlPjroii?
Kh sbi Hax6AIlTe ""poni? Tw 3HakOM C 3THM napHcM?
st HX HaXOJkY O'lCHh Bl'yCIlblMH. Tw JUaKOM C 7ntM CHMllanf'lfILlM uapHeM?
(6opw, yxy, TOpT, pbl6y, nC'leHbe, (:HIIMI-l CTyneuTaMI-l, HaWI-lM
rpll6w, 6yJlbOIl, JlanlllY, 6yJlO'UCH, mrpor) I-ltl:lKellcpoM, 3TOH )"IHTeJlbHI-lUeH, YIltMIl
pe6S1T3MI-l, :JTOH nponaSUlHlteH, ee
*ClII-lXOM, noH *eHllJ.UHoii)
RESPONSE DRILLS
1. The chairs are old. 2. But these things are secondhand.

. They have to be replaced with new Olles. They seem too expensive to me.
CryJlbR CTapble. Ben!> :hll sewl-l nO.ltCp)((aHHble.
fix HllLlo JaMCIIHTl. HOBl.IMH. OHM MHe K8:yTC1l CJlMlUKOM JJ.oponiMH.
JIHlPT CTapblH. Benb 3TOT KocnOM nOIleP*3HHbl.H.
Er6 Jt8JJ.o JaMeKJin. 1I0Bl.IM. OH MIle KallreTCA CJllfuJKOM AoponiM.
(JlecTHHl.l.a, BHJlKll, C1Iosapb, nOJfJca, (31"3. &eWb, nOT CTOJl, 3T3. py6awn,
K3pTbl,aTJlaC, nJlaCTHKKa,Ten~HM, :lTlI RJlaThR, 3Ta wanKa, 3TH Cl)'JlbR)
llBepb)
3. He answered me ill a direct way. OH Mite npekp8.ClIO OTBt:-TIUJ.

I'm pleased with his direct answer. st JlOBMeti CI"O JrPet'paCUbiM onCroM.
Ou Mile npliMO OTBt:-THJI. (npaSIUlbHO, cnOlCOHIlO, 6blCTpO, XOpoWO,
st
JJ.OBOnetl er6 opa.-.u:..... ~TOM. npocTO, TellJlO, OCTOpo:':HO, kOpoTKO)
LESSON 18 437
STRUCTURE REPLACBMENT DRILL
The)' ",ere young men then. Hx 6a6yurKH 6bi:ll.1t O'leHb CTapb.lMH.

He was a young mall the". Hx 6p3TMI 6LullJ cnOKOHHblMH mOllbMH.
OHH Torna 6wTH MOll0AblMII mOJJ.bMH. Ax JlO'lepH 6bUIH eme ManeHbKHMU.
08 TQI'lli 6Wi MOOOll.bL", 'feJlOBeKOM. Hx CblllOBbR 6bum erne ManetlbKHMH.
Ax .win.H 6wIH c-rp3HlIWMII. Hx llellyur~H 6Lum c~nant'lHWMH JII011bMH.
Ax JUiIUI 6La.!1 CTpiJuu.L.\I. HX MaTepH 6wIII npocn;,Mfl JKCHlUHnaMJI.
SINGULAR
PLURAL
-WM -HM -0. -eft - ..... -HMO
MO/lO.ahIM CHHHM Monolloii cHHeii MOnOllYMH CHHHMH

116BblM Be'lCpHIIM H6aoii aC'IcpHcii CTaPLIMH nC'ICpIIHMH
cTiI.pbIM pyCCKIIM CTl'l.poii CBC:lKeii H6BblMH PYCCKIIMH
llPyniM pyccKoii xOpOweii llPyrHMH
CBC:lKHM llpyroii 60/lbWIiMH
xop6WllM 6oJIbwoii cae:lKHMJI
6onbwH.\f XOpOllIHMH
D1STRlBtJTION OF ENDINGS
I. In Lbe masculine-neuler inslrumental singular, lhe ending is spelled -w."" for hard Slems
and -11M for son and mixed stems. Compare MO/lO.nbiM, CTap...."' wilh CHHIlM, .apynl.\I, pyCCICI6f,
xOpOWIIM, 6onbwliM:.
2. In the feminine instrumenlal singular, the ending is spelled --oM for hard stems and -eli for
son Slems. Compare MOll0116i, 116BoH with CHHeN, Be'lepHei. Mixed slems take lhe ending --oM,
excepl wbere lhe ending is unstressed and preceded by w, *,
'I, or ut, in whicb case it is spelled -ei.
Compare pycclCoii, llPynHi, 6011bwoii wilb xOpOWeM, cBc:lKeii. 1
3. In the instrumental plural, I.he ending is spelled -WMH for hard stems and -IIMH for son and
mixed stems. Compare MOJlO.nbl:MH, H6BblMH with CHIIKMH, 60JlbWMMH, XOpOWHMH, pyCCKHMH,
ltPyrHMH.
Adjectives and pronouns (in adjectival form) which function as nouns

MODELS
Cele CTOJIO"'" ? Whcre's the dining room (or dining ha/I)?

__ B8HHaR? _ _ _ the bathroom?
__ yfiOPUall ? ________ the toilet?
__
. -,
KO~CCHOIlHl>lIl. _ _ _ the commission store?
CrOJlOBaR Y:lKe on:pbrra. The dining hall is already open.
8 CTOJ10B0ii omin. uui II kliwa. Again, it's shchi and kasba at the dining hall.
noiiaeM B C'TOJI6II)'IO. let's go to the dining hall.
, In addition 10 tbe regular feminine endings --oi and -So there are also longer endings -lItO and -aG. found mostly in
older literary works and in poetry.
438 LESSON 18
.s1 BH.nen 3TH BernH B KOMIICCItOIllIOM. I saw these things in the commission .~tore .
.s1 Jl.ocnW 3TH Deutlt 'lepe) 311aKO,\tblx. I got these things through friends.
611 M6ii xOpOwHii 3UaKOML.Iii. He's a close acquainlance of mine.
OHa Moli xOpOWaJI 3HllKOMaR. She's a close acquaintance of mine.
BbmbeM J3 HaWe 6j.QyUtee. Let's drink to our future.
3a6YJIbnp6uaooe, JIyMaA T6nbKO 0 6Y.QYUtC.'M! Forget the past; think only of thefuture!
KeM ThI XO'lewl. 6h1Tb, y..etft.lM? What do you want to be, a scientist?
r.'1aBIfOe - y Hero xO:pOwee MOCTO. The main thing is he has a good job.
HeKOTopwe m06J1T 'laR C MonOKOM. Some (people) like tea with milk.
DH.uHTe B mOllJlx Tonuo xop6wee.
Obi: You see only the good in people.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DJIOX6e. _ _ _ _ _ bad _
o 'lCM )ICe TbJ XO'lewl. rOBop,hl.? What tben do you want to talk about?
_0 MIIOroM. About a lot of things.
- 0 Op6twJOM. About the past.
- 0 6YJl.YlUeM. About the future.
- 0 JlPyrOM. About something else.
3TO co BcliKHM MO)KeT CJly'umcJI. That can happen to anyone.
He Kli.*.LI.... ii MO)KeT :ho cllenaTb. Not everyone can do that.
.s1 6'leHb mo6mO TOJICTOrO. I'm extremely fond of Tolstoy.
_______ .n.~BCKOIO. _________ Dostoevsky.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4aiiK08CKGrO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tschaikol'sky.
_______ CrpaulICkOro. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stravinsky.
_______ rOphKoro. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Gorky.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ M3JlK08Ck"(ll'O. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mayakovsky.
Moli 6a6ywKa 3Hana TOJlCTjKl. My grandmother knew Mrs. Tolstoy.

_ _ _ _ _ _ !locroeBCKy>O. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DOSloe..sky.
------
____
0]>"""""",....
TOJIcThIx.~
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stra..insky.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the TO/SIOYS.
________ .n~BCKHX. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dostoevskys.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTpaBKrICk"MX. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stra..inskys.
CUED SURSTITUTION DRILLS
1. (our friends) We had dinner at our friends' place.

(n<'twlt :maKoMhle) Mbl 06e.ua.r1ll y HaWIiX 3uaKoMblx.
(3nl PyccKlle) Mhi 06CWLTIH Y 3THX pyCCKHX.
(Haw 3H3KOMhlii, 3TOT y'lellblH, nOT pa60'l.llH. 3TH pYCCKlle, llama 3113XOMaJI)
2. (di"ing haJJ) He came out of the dining hall (or room).

(cTOJl6saJI) 611 Bblwen 113 CTOJlOSOH.
(BllllllaJl) Oil BbnueJl K3 Banlloii.
(y60pllaJl, KOM"CCHOIUlblH, CTOJlOBaJl, BaHHaJl)
3. (the past) It's not worlh la/king about the past.

(npOWJloe) He CT6HT rOBopm 0 npOWJlOM.
(6YJl.ymee) He crowr roBOpKn. 0 6YAYUte.\f.
(.npyroe, MHoroe, ee 311aKoMblH, 3TH pa60'llle, ero 3I1aKoM ...e. 3TOT )"Iell"'H)
4. (Mayako ..sky) Do you know this work of Mayakovsky's?

(MaMKOBCKIIH) Obi 311aae 'hy seutl. MaJIICOBcKoro?
(AocroeBCKHH) Ow :uuieTt: iTy BIDth j),OCToeIlCKOI"O?
(YaRKoBcKHH, rOpI.KIIH, TOJlCTOH, CTpaBHIICK"H)
LFSSON 18 439
J. They became scientists. 2. She met Mrs. Tolstoy.

He became a scientist. She met the Tolstoys.
OHii CT8JtH )"feHblMII. Olla n03113KOMHJI3Cb C TOJTCT6H.
OK cr8.JI reeHLlM. Olla OOJHaKOMHJl8o. c TOJlcn:..'\otH.
EipaTbll cTIi.nH paOOL[HMH. OHa n03HaxoMH.JIaCb co CTP3SHHCKHM.
SpiT crin paOO<tIlM. OHa lJOJUaKOMH.l1aCb co CTpuIIHCKHMH.
3m aMepHXaHKH cri..nH HawHMH (MauoscKHM, llOCToescKoH, lIaii-
3HUOMblMH. KOSCKKM, CrpaBHHCKOii, TOJTCTblM)
~ cryneHTbl cTIi.nH HaWHM.H JUaxOMhlMH.
Ee 6paTbll CT3JHf )"feHblMH.
DISCUSSION
Many Russian adjectives function as nouns. This includes such names as TOJICToii.llocroeacm.
'LfaiilcoacKHii, MamcoscKHii, CTpasHHcKHii. All such names have 3 feminine fonn ending in -all and
a plural fonn ending in -ble (oc -He): TOJlerall Miss or Mrs. Tolstoy, TO!lecbie the Tolstoys;
)J.ocmeBcKall Miss or Mrs. Dostoevsky, ):(ocmeBCKHe the Dostoevskys.
Those referring to pecsons may, but do not always, have feminine counterparts: pyccKHii
Russian (man), pyCCKU RllSsinn (woman), 6onl>Hoiii sick man, patient, 60JtbHlilI sick woman, patient (0
The word pa60'IHii working man, laborer is used only in the masculine fonn and refers only to a man.
Compare it with }"'CHblii, which in its masculine fonn may also refer to a woman: OHa OOn.LmOi
y..eublii.
Besides the adjectives which function as nouns, there are a number of pronouns, adjectival in
fonn, which also function as nouns, for example, Ka;JD.lii everyone, BCliKHii anyone, He.coTopwe
some (people), MHoroe much, MHOf'He many (people).
The gender of such words is usually detennined by the noun omitted or understood, for
example, CTOJIOIl8.t1 (cro.rt6eu KOMuan), KOMHCQIcHuu.li (ICOMHCMoHllLlii MaraJHH), OpOUlIloe (up6rn.;Joe
BpU.UI). Kiii~ii (ICUmwii 'feJIOeeK).
Some words referring to abstract concepts, however, are neuter and are not associated with any
specific noun, for example, 1I0B0e that which is new, rJlaalloe the main thing, Hlrrepecuoe that which is
interesting. Compare the neuter singular ~fIIoroe many things, a lot of things with the plural MIlne
many people.
Reflexive verbs--part ill

MODELS
A KHTepecjJocb MPblkOH. I'm interested in music.

OH HHTepecye-rat _ _ He's interested in _ _
Mbi lurrepecyeMCSI _ _ We're interested in __
BLi HHTepecyeTCCb _ You're interested in __
Oml HHTepecy.oTCJI _ _ They're interested in_.
TLi HHTepecyeUlbClI _ You're interested in_.
Oil HHTepecoBinCll xHMHeH. He was interested in chemistry.
Oua mrrepecoBanacb _ She was interested in _
OKH KHTepecoBinHcb _ _ They were interested in _
440 LESSON 18
Thl Y'tHlUbCSI allrmHicKOMY Jl:3blKy? Are you studying (or learning) English?
BbI Y'iIlTeCb ? Are you studying (or learning) ?
R ylfyCb PYCCKOMy Sl3bU'Y. I'm studying (or learning) Russian.
OHa YlfHTC1l , She's studying (or learning) _ _'
Mbi: YlfUMC1l , We're studying (or leaning) _ _'
OHM YlfaTCSI , They're studying (or learning) _ '
Ou ua)"UinC1l b.a.Hn. H3 MawKHe. He learned to drive a car.
OHa ua)"Uinacb _ She learned _
OHM Ha}"lHmtCb _ They learned _
TbI co6KpaernbCl ye:J:lK3Tb? Are you getting ready (or planning) to go away?
Bbi: C06UpaeTeCb ? Are you getting ready (or planning) ?
R C06HpAwcb ye3:lK3Tb. I'm getting ready (or planning) to go away.
OH co6HpaeTCSI ~_ He's getting ready (or planning) _
MbI: co6upAeMCI _ _ , We're gelling ready (or planning) _
CryAeHTh.I C06UpID<>TCSI. The students are getting ready (or planning)_
Cer6,ll,l-UI 611 npocllyncSI palla. He woke up early today.
____ aHa npocuynacb _ She woke up _
_ _ _ _ MM npocflymfcb _ We woke up _
KOrlIa ubi: 3aol"pa npocueTeCb? When will you wake up tomorrow?

___ ThI: npocHeWhCSI? _ _ will you wake up ?
JaBl"pa Ji npocHjcb paHO. Tomorrow 1"11 wake up early.
_ _ _ oua npocHCTCSI _ _ _ _ _ she'll wake up _
_ _ MbI: DpOCHeMCll: , _ we'll wake up _
_ _ OKK npocHjTcSI , _ _ _ _ they'll wake up _ _,
R o6b1'IHo DpoCblIl3.K>Cb B c:eMh. I usually wake up at ~ven.

Tbi DpoCblnaeWbCR _ You _ wake up _
He _ _ wakes up _
M" __
Ou
BbI
npocblO3.eTCJI
nPOCblnaeMCSI
DpocblnaeTeCb
_
_
_
We __
You _
wake up,
wake up _
_
OUR _ _ npocblmiJOTCSI _ They _ wake up, _
Thl 3aUHMaeWhCSI pjCCKHM J13bIK6M? Are you studying the Russian language?
BM 3aHHMaeTecb ? Are you studying ?
R JaHHMalOCb pjCCKIIM Jl:JbIK6M. I'm sludying the Russian language.
0" JaHIIMa-eTCS! _ Hes studying _
Mbl JaHHMaCMClI _ We're studying ,
OIlK JaHHMalOTCli _ They're studying ,
J. I'm interested in geography. 2. Fm planning to enter college.

J ",as imerested in geography. J was planning to enter col/ege.
R HHTepecjJocb reorpafjmcH. .>1 co6llpaK>Ch nocryIIlITb 8 sjJ.
A tlirrepecoB1i.'IC1I reorpa4naeii. A co6HpaJJCII DOCT}'IlIin. BBp.
>1 lIHTepecy.oeh reorpafjlHeH. .>1 co6HpaiOCb nacrynKTh B BjJ.
A HHTepeCOBL'I3a. reoa"P'+HeN. A co6M))wa. IlOCT}'llIfn. B BYJ.
(Olt, Bbl, OHH, olta, MbI, TbI, 011) (01111, Mbl, r3..JUI, BIlT", BbI, Oll, OH3, ru)
LESSON 18 441
3. fm slUdyi/lg physics. 4. I was learning how to play chess.
I was studying physics. I learned how to play chess.
}1 3aHIlMa}{)Cb 4>U3HKOH. $i Y'lWJCJl HrpaTh B ruaxMaTbI.
H JllHHMaJiCR 4niJHKoH. A HaywClf Hrpan. B lUaXMaTW.
$i 3aHHMa}{)Cb 4>H31tKOH. $i Y'lKnaCb Hrphb B WaJtMaTbl.
A 3aHttMUaCb clUOHKOH. A H3Y'uirl3cl> ttrpAn. a waXMan.r.
(Bbl, HaJlII, Mbl, OHH, BaIUI, oua, 51, TY) (CblH, 1l0'lepH, HaTawa, Mbl, Bbl, OH, TY,
oHn)
5. I wake up at seven. 6. He gOt himself a nice soft job.

rtl ....a ke up at seven. He'// get himself a nice soft job.
Jt nPOCblnalOCb B ceMb. 6n yCTpOItJtCJI ua Terutoe MecTe'lI:O.
A UpocuyCb B ce.\Il'. OK ycrp6KTClI R3 Te.moe Mette'fKO.
Om\ npocblnaeTCJl B ceMb. BbI: ycTpOWlHCb na Terutoe Mec-re'lKO.
OHa npocne-rCR B cerou,. Dbi yC'T'p6HTecL Ha Ttrutoe MecTe'fKO.
(MbI, Tbf, BbI, OHI'I, fl, ofla) (MbI, Thl, ona. JI, OHII, OH. BM)
1. Would thaI seem interesling 10 you? 2. Are you students?

Yes, I'm interested in lhal. Yes, we go to college.
Te6e iTO 6Y.neT HIITepCcHO? Db! CTYlIeHTbl?
~i, iii )TKM HHTepecylOCb. .l{a, MY Y'fHMC9 B BYle.
EMy :ho 6Y.neT HHTepeeH01 OHa CTYJleHTKa?
.l{a. Oil :ITH.\4 KHTepecYeT~. ~a, OK. y..H"Tt1l B Byle.
(BaM, HM, eM, Te6e, eMY) (OHII CTy.neHTbl? Olla CTY.neHTJ::a" Dbl
CTY,lleIlTbl? all CTy,llelIT? Tbl CTylleHT?
01111 CTy.nellThf?)
3. Are you leaving already? 4. Do you drive a car already?

Yes, rm gelling ready to leave. NOI yet, but rlliearn.
Tb.! YJKe ye:JJKaerub? Tw )')ICe e31IHlUh lIa MawKHe?
~a, Ii cOOKpalOCh ye3JK8T1>. Her ewe,. 110 li Ha}"lycb.
Bbi: yxe yeJ)lc3.eTe? 6H YJKe e3JlHT ua MawHHe?
.l{a, Mb.! co6MpaeMC1iI YeJ)l(8:n HeT ewe, 110 Oil lIay'tHTCR.
(ona, Tbf, Olm, Oil, BbI, ona, OHH) (8h.1, OHa, Th.I, OUII, OH, BhJ, OHa)
Plural to singular and vice versa.

I. Ife'// wake up early. 2. What were you thinking about?
1'// wake up ear/yo
Mb.! npocHeMCJl paHO.
o ..'115M ThI 3aJtYMaJlCJI"
A npocuyCb paRO.
6R npocHerOi paRO.
o eM Rbi :UlL(YM3JlHCh?
'1CM J(eByullCH 3a.nYMaJlHCb?
..eM .z:teayUIKa JaJ:tYManaCb?
ORM. npocuYrCfl paRO. (napUII, oua, 011, Bbl,OIl,Tbl)
(TY, Mbl, ORa, Bbl, 51, on, Mbl, TY)
3. I'm sludying Russian. ~Ta aMepllxauxa 33.IIJfMaeTOl pyca::HM

We're sludying Russian. Jl3blK6M.
}1 3aHHMalOCb pyCCKHM X3blKOM. 3TH a.\4epHKbKR 3aHK.\4aIOTCfI PYCCKKM
Mw :saUHMieM~ pyKHM H3w.:OM. RlW.-(bt.
(Bbl, Mbl, Tbl, X, OHa, CTy.aeHTbl)
442 LESSON 18
4. Wake lip! Y'IJ.lTeCb pyCCKOMy .lIJblXY!
n pochI nfdiC1l: ! 3aHHMaijc.lI pyCCKHM .lIJblK6M!
npocwniiiTeo. ! HaY':lHTeCb C::JllHTb Ha MatllJ.lJle!
npOClUteb! l1u-repecyiiCjE oonbwe JaHltTHJlMH!
npocluiTea. !
RESPONSE DRIl.L
You're not awake yet? Tbl ewe He co611paeWbC.lI ':'

Wake up} Tbl c HltM He n03HaKOMHnC.ll?
Tw eute He npocHync.ll? Tb! ue Y'lllWbC.lI?
npoanlCh! Tb! He JaHHMaewbCJI?
Till eu.te He HaY'lHnC.ll?
Hayouia.!
DISCUSSION
The verb HHTepecoUThCll is accompanied by the instrumental case witbout a preposition to

indicate tbe thing one becomes interested in: On KHTepecjerctl PYCCJ(oH JIHTepaTjpoii He's interested
in RU.fSian literature.
The verb :lU1IM'ThCll is accompanied by the instrumental without a preposition to indicate the
thing with which one is occupied or the thing one is studying: Oa ]JlHJ(MaeTCII PYCCKNM IDhIKtlM
He's studying Russian; A 3RHHMiJoa. 'fTtHaeM miceM fm busy reading letters.
Y'Ilin.cII and Raf'lJin.ca are accompanied by the infinitive or the dative witho.ut a preposition
to indicate the thing studied or learned: ()y jotHTCSI PyCCKOM)' II3I>IKY He's studying Russian; ORa
aarniJtaCb rOBOpKn. DO-lIJ(f"JIIiiiat1I She learned to speak English.
The verb ycrpOHTbCSl is followed byaa plus the accusative in tbe sense of getting established in
a position or job: Ou yCl'p6tuJC1I ua xop6wyro pa66Ty He got himself a good job. In describing the
place where one works or settles, however, 8 or na plus the prepositional is used.
He settled in Moscow or He got himself a job

in Moscow.
.sf
yC'TpOIOCb Ha JaBo.ll.e. I'll get a job at a factory.
Ona Y.ll.66HO ycrpOu.nacb R Hosoii She's comfortably settled in her new apartment.
napnipe.
Perfectivization by prefix Dl>-

to' indicate a limited amount of tbe activity
MODELS
OH pa66TaJl uem..ii .ll.eHl>. He worked the whole day.

OH nopa66TaJI non.aca. He did half an hour's work.
Mbi MH6ro TaHueBiJlH. We danced a lot.
Mbi nOTaHuesanll HeMlI6ro. We danced for awhile.
OHa .ll.Onro cnana. She slept for a long time.
Oua nocnami oKono '1aca. She got about an hour's sleep.
LESSON I 8 443
Obi .uOnfO CHJ.te.n:H B napICe? Did you sit in the park long?
- HC'r, Mbi nOCHJ.te.n:H okono 'iAca, a nOTOM No, we sat about an bour and then drove away.
yexanH.
Tbi: .nonfO CTOMa B 6'lepeJlH? Did you stand in line long?
- )l,a, MHe npHlllJlOCb nOCTOlITb MHIIYr Yes, I had to stand for about twenty minutes.
lIBlU1ltaTb.
Obi: 1I0nro HCJC3.J:rn rnanky? Did you spend a long time looking for the cap?
- He-.., MY nOHCK3.JUf MHHYT .uecJln. H uawmi. No, we hunted about ten minutes and found it.
611 6bln y HaC np6W..11oH 3HMOH. He was at our place last winter.
6n no6b1.J1 y HaC nsa lDui Hyexan. He spent two days with us and left.
Mbl ..aM J'(ItnH lIBA rona. We lived there for two years.
Mbl TaM Hellonro n6)1(It1IH, a nOT6M Hatll1ui We lived there for awhile, then found a new
nOBYJO k6MHaTy. room.
Obi 6YlleTe HrpAn. Bee YrPo? Will you be playing all morning?
- He-.., Mbi T6nbko HeMHOrO nOHrp3eM. No. we'll just playa little.
I. How much longer willi have to stand? 2. Were you able to get a good nap?
Stand a little longer. No, I only slept for half an hour.
Kax nO.JlfO MHe ewe H}0KnO CTO.lin. ? Dbi CMOfllH xOPOl1l0 nOCnaTb?
nOCTOM ewe HeMHOro.
Hh, nocml.11 T6.Jn,KO OOJNaca.
Kax nonfo MHe ewe nYxn"o xo.Uin, ? Obi: cMorruf xopow6 n0t311KTh?
noxoAJi eme HeMOOro.
Hh, 1lOb,llllJl TOmKO DOlt'laca.
(pa60Tan., CHJIeTb, CTY'faTb, Meman. (norymln., nQTaHlleBan., nopa6oTaTb,
cyn, 3aHHMan.CH, ryIDITb, Jle)l(aTb) nocnaTb. noe311HTb).
3. A re you off to look for work?

Yes, I'll go do a bit of looking.
Tbi: HJIeWb UCk3Th pa6ory?
.ali. DOW ooHlQj. (pa60TaTb, HrpaTb B q"r6011, ryllSin.,
Tbi: HJlewb crnpaTb? cnaTb, CMOTpeTb Ha H.X Hrpy, cnywan.
.ali. ooii.nj IIOCTKp~ho . HOBOCTH)
I. We were strolling. 2. I'll dance with her.

We strolled a bit. I'll dance with her awhile.
Mbi: rynMH. R 6r.ny c HeM TaHUe~n..
MY IIWIIOro OOryJUiiltH. jj C HeR DOTaiutYlO.
Mbl pa6oTa.JUf. R 6y,uy c He" rOBOpHTb.
Mbi: lIeMlioro nOpa66TaJlK. A C lie" DoroBopiO.
(CTY'la.JlIt, cnMH, CH.lle.Jllt, ne)l(a..n.u. 5i 6YllY 311ea. C"JlCTb.
e311KJIH Ha HOBOH Mawone, CTOJlJlH B R 6YllY 3JleCI> cro.liTb.
o'iepeJlH, cnywanH p3llHo) R 6YllY c BAM" paOOTan..
R 6YllY c BaM" I)'llJin..
.sf 6YllY C BaM" cn}huaTb nnacniHx:H.
.sf 6YllY HCKim. BaM MCcTo.
444 l.E')S()N 18
DlSCUSSION
Although no- sometimes provides what may be considered the basic perfective for an imper-
fective verb (CMO..-pen., 1JOCMO"Jpin.), very often it is not the primary perfective, but rather a secondary
perfective focusing on the limited duration of the activity.
Compare onmin. (ipfv) to read, to be reading
opoOfHrin. (pfv) to finish reading, read (through to the end)
with oo'UtTin. (pfv) to do a bit a/reading, read/or a while
Obi KOIt'HfJlH '!HTaTb 31)' ra36Ty1 Have you finished reading this paper?
- ,ll,a, R ce )')ke npo'!HTlLn.. Yes, I've already read it.
- He-r, R ewe lie octO npo'l.lil'M. No, I baven't read it all yet.
- He-r, li ewe '!HTalQ. No, I'm still reading it
- ,ll,a, R DO'fKT.... HeMHoro H YCTM. Yes, I read awhile and got tired.
Among the verbs already encountered which may take perfectives with the prefix no- are the
following: CToliTb, CHllen., JleJlC3.Tb, rOBOpm, nYMan., c.njmaTb, pa66T3.Tb, 6.btTh, XHTb, TaHueaaTh,
HCXaTh, ~aTh, 6.aUTb, xoJJ.JhD, rymin., CnaTh, min., Hrp3.Th, CTHp3.Tb, 3aHHMaTbC5l.
4TEIDIE 11 nl1CbM6
'I.Ik ~~?<a-~~~
~ ~ ~~~~~-,1C<UO~,~
1V 'ffAn.M.-. ~ 01V XOflt.l.{.. ~ ~'"'; '1W"~
F f{.l.- ~ ad ~: :7Wur ~.M- rM<7 <.<- ~
LESSON 18 445
y fWur ~ ~ ~ . ~ 1<- ~
~. ~ ?(k 81w.r- "'"
~. ~ r
~?~~:Nr~.~,,!-
~<-V+U-~'ofiUr~ -- - ~
uri~. Ok t/UT ~ ~ . ~ , 'I>fllu 'U.J-H. 1-
~~(j,,~~,"""~k ~
~ ~. :J& ~ U-ffl.tucu.- ~ '""'1
~.
Ha npomanbHOH Be<fepHHKe Bee fiLmH B Coope: HW. Bepa. BAHj{, SOp", BUn!_
T6nbkO 6mr onOJ.nana: OHa 3BoRiuJa Sepe H CICa3Ana, 'ITO a<teRb JaHJlT3 " npHJJ;eT ueMHoro
n03)1(e BMecre CO CBOHM :lKeHHXOM. Bee BWrnnH 3a ee c<uicn.e. a nOTOM 33 CBoe 6Y.aywee.
rOBOpH..nH 0 n~HJlX. no KeM XO'leT 6brn.. BalUl c HaneR CK3JMH. 'ITO co6HpalOTCli
6brrb H3HKaMH, a SOP$( CK33a.n, 'ITO XOTe.n fib! CT3Tb KOCMOHaeTOM.
BnTS! MudK He MOJKeT peWHTb, KYAa eM)' H,lffH: eMy 60

d)keTCR Bee HHTepecHblM.
He 3HaeT. KeM eraTb. Bepa XO'leT nOCTym1Tb B neD,HHCTH,yr H3 nHT3Jc co8CTyeT BHle
TOiKe TY1l3 K.nTH. OHa .nyMaer. 'ITO npenO.ll.aB8.Tb O'feHb HHTepeCHO. 3TO OHa Tent~pb rail:
.ayMaeT, Kor.na WK0J13 y>Ke OKOH'IeHa. Tenepb Bee Y'lHTemi K.b,yrclt TaKHMH XOpOWHMH,
a HX pa66Ta - TaKO" HHTepecHoH.
- Kor.aa Ji: 6b'1n ManeHbKHM, $I O'leHb JH06HJI <unhb 06 AMepHKe. .st npO'lHT3..n Bce
pOMallbl .u*eKa flOHIJ.OHa H et>eHHMopa KYnepa.
- H, naBcpllo, Me'lTVm yexaTb B AMepHKy?
- KOHe'lHo. R pewHll noexaTb np,lMO B HbtO-Yt:OpK. HO'lbIO Dblwell ~b llOMy,
nowen 113 BOK3an, KynHn 6WIIIT llO KHCBa H noexaJI.
- nO'fCMy )f(C J.{O KHCBa? HaJ.{o 6blno J.{o BJlaJ.{HBocToKa, OelJ.b Bbl )f(Hmf B TaWKeHTe?
- .ua. KaK BHllHTe, 51 nJloxo 311M reorpa<flHfO. n63)f(C HaW y'ntTCnb rcorpa<flHJ.1 O'fCHb
cepAHJlCSI H YIJ.IfBJIllnCSl, 'ITO 51 TaK M<UIO n3Y'IHncSi H3 ero ypoKax.
- Hy, H .n:aneKO Bbl yc:x3nH?
- HCT, TOJlbKO llSITbIJ.ec5iT KHnoMCTpOB OT TawKcnTa. Mew! 3aMenm npoBollHHK
H cnpocH1I, KyJ.{ll ~ eJ.{y. R CKa3aJ1: ,(8 HbtO-JIIOPK, B AMepHKy. 611, KOUe'lHO. n0380H1I1I
Moeli Mheplf, ona npHCXaJIa If B3S1J13 Men5i llOMOi1.
- 3HaCWb. Anew a, y HaC Tencpb HOBbie COCCIJ.H OpnOBbl: OTeu, MaTb H MMCHbKaSi
ltO'lb.
- Jl.a, ,j c nHM y)f(C n03HaKOMHJlCSI. 6H pa60Tae-r ua MSiCOKOM6HHflTe nOMomHHKoM
ltHpeKTopa.
- BOT did A MHe ero )f(eHa. cKa:Hina, 'fTO on J.{HpeKTOp.
- HaBepHo oHa Me'fTaCT, 'fTO 6H CTaHeT JUtptKTOpoM. BOT eM H K3XeTCSI, 'ITO OR
)'XC: llIfpeKTOp.
446 LESSON 18
- .lla, HaBcpHo. A 3Haewb, KeM OHa pa60neT? npOAaBw,HueH 8 KHOCKe. npoAaeT
JJHMOHaA.
- t.fTO? )KeHa nOMOw,HHKa JJ.HpeKTOpa " pa60raeT nponaBwuueH? TpynHo
nOBepHTb.
- .lla, npaaAa, 3TO HeMHoro CTpaHHO. My)K ee XopoWO 3apa6,hblBaeT, y HUX CBOJ1
MaWHHa, WO(I~p.
- nOAO:lKAH. 3 no Te6e HaC'ICT 3Toro JJHMOHa.o.a CK33a.n?
- Hx Ma.n:eHbK3S1 .a.O'lb TaWi.
- Hy, J1 .a.yMalO, 'ITO HaWeH MMeHbKOH coce.nKe He CmtWKOM MO)KHO BepHTb.
- tla, nO:lKMyH. n031f3KOMHMCSI C HHMH K3K CJJe.a.yeT, JJy'lwe UX y3HaeM. MOJKeT
6b!Tb OHU H HenJIOXHe monH.
- .lla, HanelOCb. '!TO Mbr 6y,aeM XOpOWHMH cocenSlMH.
- KaK npOWeJJ Be'lep y TBOHX 3HaKOMb.lX?

- Hlll.fero, TOJJbKO BbmHTb KaK CJIenyeT HeJIb3J1 6blJlO; .a.aJJH He Blmo, a KaKYlO-TO
KpaCUylO BO.ny. A 0 BOAKe H He cnpaWHBaH - He 6blJIO COBCCM.
- A KTO 6bIJI. HHTepecHo?
- Bce UaW" pe6J1T3 Heme onUH aMepHKthleu.
- KaKou aMepHKllHeu?
- UJIHnn rpaHT. OH co MHOH H3 O.aHOM Kypce.
- A, fpaHT! $I 0 HeM CJlb!WaJI. K<ix Y Hero C PYCCKHM JlJblKOM?
- Tenepb BnOJIHe XopOWO. Bci: nOKHMaeT H rOBopHT COBCeM CBOOO.aHO.
- CKaJIOrre, .aonop, 'ITO li .a.OmKeH .ae.naTb?

- JIeJICaTb, HeMRoro XO.aHTb, H no yrpllM .ae.naTb M3ccfDK.
- Ox, dIC He JU06mo MaccaJICa!
- Se) MaccaJKa Bb! HHICor.aa He CMO:lKere xopowo XOJ.1HTb.
- A CKOJJbKO BpeMeH" MHe eLUe Hj:lKHO CH.ahb AOMa?
- Ewe HeJ],l,~JJIO, eCJIH TO'lHO 6YAeTe neJJaTb BCe, 'ITO J1 CKaJaJl. A ecJIlf He 6YAere,
Tor.aa, nO)Kanyii, eLUe ABe HeAMH He CMO)KeTe XOAliTb Ha paOO1j'.
- A He .uYMaJI, '!TO :ho cepbe)Ho.
- HH'!ero, :ho BaM 6Y.aeT naYKa.
- .lla, B CJleAYIOLUHH pa) 6Y.ay OCTopO)KeH.
- CTp3.HUO, J1 TOJlbKO 'ITO AOMa noo6eAaJI H )')ICe rOJJOlleH.

- He)')ICeJJH? Xonhe. J1 BaM npHHecy He Mil oro 6opUI.a?
- nO)KaJIyHcra. $I 60pwa .aaBHO He BHneJJ!
- TalC ca):uiTecb. A KllIC H3C'!eT pbi:6b1?
- HCT, cnacH60, He XO'!eTCSI.
- Xopowo. BOT oopm, 3 BOT mfporu.
- nHpOfH Ii o'!eHb JII06JJJo. 0, OlJeHb BKyclfble!
- R pa.na. 'ITO OHM saM HpaBJlTCJI. 6epHTe ewe.
- Her, cnacH60. )')ICe nOeOJIbHo.
Le'iSON 18 447
APPENDIX
Reference guide to the pronunciation of Cyrillic letters
The alphabet is given below in its conventional order, together with examples illustrating the
various possible pronuocia.t.ions of each letter and explanatory notes.
Notes
A
ill
"1
,tAk)
and, but Russian is pronounced with its full
value fa) not only when it is stressed, but
Me '''''I
'"you also in the syllable immediatcly before
bow the stressed syllable and in the initial
""
AA
"",.6
''''kJ
''''1
[davn6}
)'C'
for long
position. Otherwise it is reduced to r~J.
tbe fmal sound in English sofa.
(kudA) where (to)
'Y""
TiM [tArnl the,"
..ro6yc ,.n6b"'J bu,
......
"m.
"6""
[pi",1
[mam~l
[p6t.. j
"''''
mamma
post office
Ii 6.60 1M"') old woman Before hard-series vowel lellers Ca, "
6'" IMk) tank 0, w, y) the letter fi is pronouncod hard,
6bmo [bll"J w", somewhat like the b in English book. Be-
6'"' [bill w", fore soft-series vowel letters (a, e, H, e,
pa66n [rab6~J work Kl) it is pronounced son, somewhat like
co6paHKe [sabrlu}.ij::.] meeting the b in beauty.
aST66yc [afl6bus] bu, In the final position and before certain
6yti(Ara (bumagOl] po"" consonants 6 is pronounced like the p
6"" l1i1 J hit in stop, but without the puff of breath
6b>~ ~laj:lJ white that acoompanies the English sound.
000. [a~t] dinner
8 mY6e [fkhi~i) at the dub
. . cuj><6c (nashif~iJ 00 the job
6001'6 l1>unlJ b"",u
yTe6i 'uliQAJ you have
uj6 [t:hip] club
......
o6<ucrinoc
'8{lp)
,.pltililiioI
mushroom
dormitory
.0p66n [t:ar6pka] bu.
B Me (vas) you Before hard-series vowel Jetters the
.... I';) you Russian .. is pronounced hard, somewhat
448
Ja80n (zavot] plant, factory like the v in vote, Before soft-series vowels
3J1op6oa [zdar6\?) bealthy, well it is pronounced soft. somewhat like the
.......cr
oOT
np
[vat I
(ivan]
[Po yet)
bere, there
1=
greetings, regards
v in view.
Before certain consonants and 31 the
end of a word. is pronounced like the f
J08HHHTe (izyiQi\i] eltcuse (me) info!k.
110 CBIl.IliHKJI [<bsyidfu)ij;] good-bye:
8'lepa [l&i) yesterday
3BT66yc ['1Mb",) bu,
."y6< (fkhJ~i) at the club
[f,o) all
n,."'"
8CJb 3i1My
3Jl0p68
[f~ti
lli'1
[zdarof]
pmu) all winter
Le,
healthy, well
r "'PO"
.."',
[gOr.lt] city, town Russian r is pronounced like the g in
rm [..[,J Galya goal before 0, a, and y and like the g in
[bumag;1
,-.
6)'Mam
[goqeb] newspaper
argue before e and K. (It is not written
before e, s, 10, 101, or 3.)
rYM [gilm] GUM (dept. store)
JIiinro
mu:or,na
[d6Ip] 10., Before certain consonants and al Ihe
end of a word r is pronounced like the k
in skiD.
["'agd') ~=
~.,~ JiUno.'Pjo) secondary school NOle: In the genitive: case endings -01"0
Eo"'... [jivgelJ-ij] Evgeny and -ern. .. is pronounced like the v in
One.. [at'kJ Ole, \'Ote.
(druk) friend
AI'''
.~", (f~iv6) (of) aU
xop6wero (xar6~~J (of] good
TonCT6ro [talst6\?) [of] Tolstoy
".
ICYJl~
HHi
[dA)
[kudal
[idti]
y~
where (to)
l'm going
Before hard-series vowel letters the
letler n is pronounced hard, somewhat
like the d in English wood but witb the
......
.!to CBIUl~IIHJI [d:lSyid~Qij:)J
(r~d.i]
good.bye
glad
tongue touching the teeth. Before soft-
series vowel letters it is pronounced soft,
.
l1onro [d6Ip) long somewhat like the d in duty (pronounced
...... [i4 6t J is going in the British way with a y-Iike glide).
~
","0
""" (D~v64iJ
[4el;J
at the plant
thing. matter
At the end of a word and before cer-
tain consonants the letter Jl is pronounced
""".
r6po,ll
[zav6t]
(g6r.ltJ
plant, factory
city
like the t in stool.
";1." [v6tk;} vodka
E op_ [privet] greetings, regards After a consonant Russian e is pro-

.'"
neHKJ'I
[Qet)
[geQij;]
00
[of) singing
nounced like the e in mel or they only
when it is stressed. Unstressed, it is
8'lep~ [fCira] yesterday pronounced more like the e in emote or
8 lC1Jy6e [fkltil7iJ at the club the i in industrious. The consonant pre-
H3 Ja8o.!te [n:>zav6l;lil at the plant ceding e is typically pronounced soft.
"",,6 [f~iv6l (of] all When e occurs in tbe initial position or
if
""'"
'=
,.m
U"li]
U"I]
[znajit]
to eat
keo,",
immediately after a vowel it has the same
vocalic value as elsewhere, but is preocded
by the consonant {jJ (as in yes).
..66neT [rab6bjit) works
Mter a consonant the letter e is pro-
ea.,.
.
[f,o) all
"'" (Ma6n] SernYO'
nounced like 0 in sport. The consonant
preceding e is typicaUy pronounced soft.
'" [i<j6t) is going In the initial position or after another
"'"
'"
U"'")
U;;6J
yet, still
be,
vowel e is pronounced like the yo in
York. l
M'"
,,,'"
[maj6)
[j61bJ
my
fi'
ell: UM] hedgehog
, The leller l! alw8)'li indicates 8 stressed syllable. When the stress shifts to another syllabic i is replaced bye. Compare
BCl' If:] with BCI1f'6 [f~iv6].
APPENDIX 449
JK CKlDKKTe [skaiitil say! tell fmc)! The letter *'
is pronounced somewhat
"",
:>eHa
I""J
[final
already, by now
wire
like tbe s in leisure or pleasure, but is
articulated rarther back in the mOUlh
)l(CJm.li{ [t6ltij) yellow than the English sound.
H8 CIljI6e {DasIUiQi} on the job In the final position and berore certain
MO:llCHO (ma!rr;)) it's possible consonants it is pronounced somewhat
y>< ["'] already like the sit in shore. It is always pro-
My>< (mlH) husband nounced hard, even when rollowed by c,
M)'JIC'Ui:ua (mtclCin3] m,. e, K, or b, which nonnally indicate that a
lIap6Kb (DarB) cut! sort. consonant precedes.
3 3a86J.l, [zavat] plant, ractOl')' The Russian 1 is pronounced hard (as

JAop6Ba (zdaro~J healthy, well in roo) berore hard-series vowel letters
"'.",.
,..= ["fir>]
[znajiti]
tomorrow
you know
and soft (somewhat like the s in the
British pronunciation or resume) berore
"'M'
aaO Jibty
[,;m')
(r~u pmuJ
winter
all winter
soft-series vowel letters.
In the final position and berore ocnain
8JM [""') loot consonants 3 is pronounced like the s in
"""=0
ph
(:rk~I:!)
["']
mirror
time, once
-'Wim.
CJC33Ka [skask~) tal'
11 [i] "d Initially and after a consonant the letter

npHBer [PrY'l) greetings, regards is pronounced like the i in machine or
...,
K
Hillia [(liD:!) Nina the e in emole.
[idu] I'm going Arter a vowel it has the same vocalic
MOM (maji] my value, but is preceded by the COOSOllallt
,",,'"'0 (st6jil~J <OM m (as in yeast). In rapid speech, however,
B POOCIiK [vrafi(J)iJ in Russia the liJ sound teDds to disappear, especially
in the combination 1IIf.
A nOMoi{ [damoj] home The letter ii sounds like Ihe y in )'CS

M6' [moj] my and boy. It occurs almost ellclusivcly after
IIOCTYnfue [p;lstupaj~il enter, join a vowel letter when no vowel rollows. It
RoATH [vaW) 10 come in occurs between vowel leiters only in
MaMp [major) major words pr roreign Origill.
<1>0" [foj<!J royer
K Kyna (kuda] where (to) The Russian K is pronounced like the k

yp6<
D<
(ur6k]
(J:iI] """.
how
in skilJ berore the letters 0, a, and y, and
like the k in askew berore t and K. (It
K6m< [1<6[,) Kolya does not usually occur berore c, .. 10,
KHPW IlPr l ) Kirill w, or 3).
liB nOJIJ:e (Dap6lJi:i] on the shelr
BKnKH [yil~i) rorks
JJ ,lte,lIa [~i1AJ things The letter 11 is pronounced somewhat

CIlbmJan [s1B31) heard like the f in beh or middle berore hard-
6bu'1o
6bu'1H
fbil~)
[blli]
w"
wom
series vowel letters alld like I in milieu
(or II in million) berore both sort-series
Ha CTone [ll:)Stale) on the table vowel lellers and ...
O~ (6),) DIy>
Omo [6[u] DIy>
0" [6~J to Olya
66m.we [b61~i) mom
nopT<l!Cnb [portf'll briercase
6oJlbHbl. [balni ) sick
M IIIfCbMO fRi~m6] letter The Russian M is pronounced like the

Moli [mojJ my m in moose berore hard-series vowel
TOM [tam) th,m leiters and like the m in amuse berore
....
3HMy
CeMeu
[pmu)
[mil
(tiqJ.on)
winter
w,
Scmyon
both sort-series vowel letters and ...
rYM, (vgfupi) in GUM
450 APPENDIX
MKna ['PiI~J Mila
."",.
Mewi
dMh
[....1
(vrerp~J
[""'I
=
tim,
.",n
H H3 yp6" In~ur6kJ to class Before hard-series vowel teuers the
.0 Ino] but Russian II is pronounced somewhat like
..y (nu] ~II the n in noon btU with the tongue toucb-
cry'- (s tu 4ent ) student ing the teeth. Before soft-series vowel
XeHb! (Moi} .,;= letters it is pronouoced somewhat like the
H..... [Qin~ I Nina ny in canyon or the n in menu.
."'
co6paHKe
(Qet]
(sabraF;li.Pl
no
meeting
.tIO CBH,llaIlHJI (d;)SyidAQij::l] good-bye
H1fHe (9lQi] for Nina
He 61>1JlO [Qebila] there wasn't
lOBHKHTe [izyiti ] excuse (me]
6'lem. [oc;,,1 "'l'
.,~ [~,.I d.y
o O~ [61'J Olya The Russian 0 is pronounced with its

yp6, [ur6k] !=on full value (like the 0 in pon) only when
"" 0","" (nap6tf.u) to the post offio: it is stressed. In the initial position and
M6' (m6jJ my just before the stressed syllable it is pro-
nOM6ii [dam6j) ho= nounced la]; otherwise it is reduced to
06wexme (a~itipJ donnitory [~L the final sound in sofa.
co6paHHe (sabr;i.qij;] meeting
.tIO CBH,llaHHA [dOlSyidAF;lij~1 good-bye
6.bl.no [bil~J w",
cnacH60 [spapoo) thanks
n u6'11'a (p6tt~] post office Before hard-series. vowel letters n is

ITa"", (pAyil] Pavel pronounced somewhat like the p in poor:
ojoy [supu] some soup before both soft-series vowel letters and
cnacK60 (spa~ioo] thanks b il is pronounced more like the p in pure.
BOOJllle (fpaIQt] completely
6nn.nro lllisplatn~J [=
npA"", (priv<b] trulh
[~pil
""""
nemte (ReQip)
'YI'"
singing
""",. 1t;"',J
(SRiu]
oow
I'm hurrying
"""'"
OnXTb
nell:
nWrn
[''''11
[g6kJ
mili )
again
be baked
drank
(SleR) steppe
P
"""
pA;1 [rat] g1.d Before hardseries vowel letters the
yp6, (ur6k) lesson Russian p is pronounced with a tongue
B'Iepa lairal yesterday trill somewhat like the Scotch r. Before
co6p3uHe {sabraF;lip] meeting both softseries vowel lellen: and b it is
.opow6 (x~rd6) good. well pronounced trilled but soft, and il has
II:OtUlepT (kancen) ..noon somewhat the effect of a y-Iike glide fol-
l"OO"J'CHm (uqiyiJ1it] university lowing.
0"," ['f611 ~g1o
p;" [p"l cow
op...... [Po",tl greetings, regards
KKpMnn ~IJ Klrill
rOBopJiT [pvapt] they say
......
-renepb [liRtrJ
Id"',1
now
doo'
C cryneHT (stu",ent] student Before hard-series vowel letters tbe

crYJlellna (stu",tntb) rood Russian e is pronounced like the s in soon.
co6p.l.ime [sabnl.Qij::l] meeting Before both sort-series vowels and .. it
.k [vas] yoo is pronounced somewhat like lhe ss in
APPENDlX 45)
mrrepeeHo [in\iresn ::)] interesting assume (pronounced in the British way
';n
aBTC/6ycbJ
[suPI
[aft6busi] "'".
buses
with a y-like glide).
cnacK60 [spaib:l] thanks

CeMCII [irp6n) Semyon
aclO 3HMy Ifu .pmu) all winter
Bee Yrpo [fo utr:l] all morning
a6cb aellep [ye yecir] all evening
IlllCbMO [Rim6) lettcr
T opHaeT [ppyet] greetings, regards Before hard-series vowel letters the

TOM {tam] there Russian T is pronounced somewhat like
IIa UO'lTy {nap6Ctu] to the post office the I in stool but with the tongue touch-
1'bl [ti) yO" ing the teeth. Before both soft-series
aaTo6yc (aft6bus] ba< vowel letters and b, it sounds somewhat
Men:: [i~6\iJ you're going like I with a y-like glide (as in the British
Tem5pb iIi"'rl oow costume and tune).
xOTlre (xapti] you want
Ti:T~ [\6\0] aunt
CJlblWa1'b [sli~t) to hear
nocml.Tb [P""11 to send
oruiTb ['''''II again
y KYII3. (kuda] where (to) The Russian y is pronounced every-

Y-Al:e [uU] already, by now where somewhat like the u in Schubert.
yp6, [ur6k] lesson (It is never pronounced like the u In
I1IlY lidu] I'm going university, i.e. with a LiI preceding it.)
IIa no'lTY [napOttu] 10 the post office
aBTo6yc [aftobus) ba q,hT [fakt) facl The Russian 4J is found mostly in

q,opMa [form::)] form, uniform words of foreign origin. It is pronounced
q,aMJUUIH [farpi[ij:l] last name hard (like the/in/arm) before hard-series
)j(lfpaq, [:finif) giraffe vowel letters and soft (somewhat like the
nopnpenb [part[eIJ briefcase / in few) before both soft-series vowel
IIJ11inn [fi[lp] Filipp letters and h.
X xopowo [X<lraM] good, well The Russian x has no counterpart in

3aXOIIKTe [7-"1xa~litil drop in! come in! English. Before a, 0, and y it is pro-
[ax] oh! nounced hard, somewhat likc the en
in
"
xYJice
XOTHTe
[xuzi]
{xati\i]
worse
you want
German aeh and Bacn; before e or H
it is pronounced soft, somewhat like the
XHTp6B fllitrof) Khitrov eh in German kh.
6POHXHT [branJlit] bronchitis
cxeMa [sllem<l) schemc, plan
U KOHl\epT [kancert] concert The Russian u is always pronounced

~aparrKIiH (canipltin] Tsarapkin hard (somewhat like tbe IS in caIS), even
orypubl [agurci] cucumbers when it is followed by e or H, which
a KallwuuipHH (l'k<lncilapji] in an office normally indicate that a soft consonant
l\apb [cil.rJ tsar precedes.
OTelJ, [a\ec] father
q lIa rrO'lTY [nap~tu) to the post office The Russian 't is always pronounced
B'lepa [fCid] yestcrday soft (somewhat like the ell in cheese),
'l'I.J'f [caj] to, even when it is followed by a, 0, or y,
,,6'111 'lepHble [66 Mmij::)] "Dark Eyes" which normally indicate that a hard con-
O'leHb [o~~,l very sonant precedes.
BO'lepeJlH [v6Ci riQi] in line
nJle'lO [P['M] shoulder
'lYHno [cudn<l) wonderful
m c.rlliIWaJI [sli~] heard The Russian IU is always pronounced

xopow6 IX<lraw] good, well hard (somewhat like the sh in ship but
xOpOUJero {xarMi~] (of) good articulated farther back in the moulh),
cnewy !sijgu] I'm hurrying even wben it is followed by ... e, or .,
452 APPENDlX
enewine ISl1 ii\ij you're hurrying which nonnatly indicate that a soft con-
K1i.wa [kash~I kasha sonant precedes.
wallKa [~apk:lI ~p
wecr, [CH] six
Ill; wpm [b6rf) borsch The Russian 111 is a long, soft con-
ClUe [jiMj yet, still sonant pronounced somewhat like the
uui [fi] schi shch in fresh cheese, spoken wilhout a
B lilUlUro [vjMfiJi:i] in the drawer break. It is always pronounced soft, even
60pllla [barC3.! some borsch when it is fol1owed by a or y, wh.ich
utYKa [cukaJ pike nonnally indicate that a hard consonant
precedes.
Isjell The symbol 10 (hard sign) has no sound

(atjeslj '"departure value of its own. It is used between pre-
fixes that end in a consonant and word
roots beginning with e, g, 10, or e 10
indicate that these vowel leiters are pro-
nounced with a preceding [j] (as in yes).
hi
...
Thl
6Wio
[ti J
[vi]
[bilJ I
yO"
yO"
w"
The letter bl varies in pronunciation
ranging from somelhing Like the vowel in
bit to the i of machine. After lip con-
6,",
6WTb
Ibil)
[bill
w" sonants 6, 8; II, 41, and M, many speakers
pronounce a w-like glide before bl so that
to '"
CJIbIWaJ! [sli~II heard it sounds somewhat Like the English we,
Mbl [mil w, except shorter. .
The letter bl never appears in tbe
initial position in a word.
h nOCJJaTb [pashi\I to send The symbol b (soft sign) has no sound

nopTq16lb [parlfell briefcase value of its own. It serves to indicate the
nHcbMo [l1i~m6 I leiter softness of a preceding consonant at the
60nbwe [b6l~iI more, bigger end of a word or immediately before
O'leHb [6Ci\II another consonant letter.
ceMb}j [~iJTIjaI ""
family It also serves (like 1 to indicate that
the soft-series vowel leiter wh.ieh follows
IS pronounCed wilh a preceding [jj (as
in yes).
:) iro [et:lI this The letter 3 occurs mostly in words of

jTOT [et;)t I this foreign origin, usually in the initial posi-
jHI (eli) these tion. When stressed it is pronounced like
]K3aMe" (igzAJTlinI exam the e in Eric; when not stressed it is apt
:meMeHT [iliJTIcnt) element to be pronounced like the e in emote or
the i in l1legal, although many speakers
pronounce it as [e] wherever it occurs.
10 8CIO He1l611Q [f~u ~liQcluJ all week The leiter 10, both when stressed and
!'OliOPIO [g:lvapl.j I speak unstressed, is pronounced like the u in
CTolO [staju) J stand tunc after a consonant letter (wh.ieh is
pa66T31O [rab6t;}juj I work pronounced soft); it is pronounced like
m,iO IRiO' I drink the u in union after a vowel letter,
OceHblO ~6~iQjuj in the fall 10, or ... or when it is in the initial posi-
tion .
.H roBOp}jT [g:>Va(.it) they say After a consonant the stressed letter II

on}jTb ["al] again is pronounced somewhat like the a in
B KallUeJI}jpHH [fbncilariji) in an office far. in unstressed syllables JI is usually
nOpTlpe.lIl1 [partfel:>] [of the] briefcaSl: pronounced like H, except in certain
CTOAAIl [stajaliJ stood grammatical endings where it sounds like
no clIllJJ,aHHlI [d;}syidaQj;)] good-bye thc a in English sofa. The consonant
n6tH$! [ge~lijJ ] [of] singing preceding a is always pronounced soft.
lI3blK [jizik} language When JI occurs in the initial position or
TlI)J(MO [\ifiI6] hard foUowing a vowel, 10, or b, it has the same
vocalic value as elsewhere, but is preceded
by the oonsonant sound [j] (as in yes).
APPENDIX 453
Noun declension
1. CTOn-nouns
SlNGULAR
table cily knife lro studenl teocMr doy
N ",6n ropon "6~ ,ao CTYtK HT Y"KTe.r1h
n""
A ",6n r6po.n "~ ,ao CT)')leflTa Y"MTeruo llWb
-
,b
G
, "'''''.
"''''',
rbpollB
repone
Ho;a
1I0,..t ,""
cryn{1fTa
CTynell'Te
)"Ui"=.
Y">hene "'"
D.'He
crony ,.~
,
D
CTon6M
r6po.rt)'
ropoJlOM
HOJKj
IlOJK6M '1aeM
CTy.nCHTY
CTyneHToM
)"lHTe.n1O
)"lHTe.rrCM llHeM
I'LUkAL
N CTOllbl ropon3 1I0JKH '1ali CTynCHTbI )"fHTeJlli .lIIm
A CTOJlhi ropona
ropo.nbB
"OlK" 'litH crynclIToo )"lHTcncll ,ami
G
, """,6"
cr01l3X ropo.nb
HOJKeii
HO:':U
'1aCH
'1ajx
CTylletfTOB
cry.nbrrax
)"IKTeJlCH
y" Hl"eJui It
lmeii
JUuix
CTonaM cry.nCHTaM luuiM
,
D
CTOJJaMH
ropo.naM
ropoJIiMH
1l0r.lM
KariM"
'1aRM
'!aiMH CTYntHTaMH
)"fHTCmiM
)"IHTeJIiMH .........
2. Ol..-ao-DOWIS
SINGULAR
window ....,ord teller muting d,,~ field
N oICII6 cnooo IIHCLMO C06piHitC IInaTbe none
A 01(H6 CJJOBO IIHCbMO co6piiHilC [1!I3.n.e nOJle
ol(mi cnoaa co6pfillHll nOJlll
,
G
Olme cnOllc
llHcbMa
nlfCbMc C06piHlfll
l1JIihbll
llJlaTbe 1I0lle
cnoay nmiTbJO
,
D Ol(lly
0l(ll6M cnOBOM
nJlCbMy
lIHCbMOM
co6pflllKlO
006paHHCM IlJlan.eM
n6ma
n6nCM
PLURAL
N
A
,
G
OKRa
OKRa
OICOR
ann
~ ..
CJloaa
~o ..
CII0saX
....
IlHCbMa
mfcbMa
"H<:eM
ITIfo,Max
co6piaHJ:
006""'"
co6p3HHK
co6p3H!UlX
nnan,J:
nnan,J:
"".-
"""~.
nomi
OM'
noneK
p,"",
,
D OlCllaM
oKllaMH
~o
CJlOsAMH
nHCbMaM
n"o,MaMll
co6pi111HJiM
co6pa""JlMK
nnATMIM
nnaTbJ:Mll
noniM
non""'H
3. *eua~noWlS
SINGULAR
wife girl sister street earth, land It;clUre uncle
:CII8: .o.eByutKa
""""
N yllllua 3eMmi neKwul wino
, <ecTpy ,,~~
:eHy ntByutKy ynHllY neKll,K1O
""""
,
G lKeRb.
)!Celie
)Kent
neBYWICK
.o.eByulKC
CCCTpb.
<=pC
<=pC
YnlllJ.bl
ynllue
leMn"
,,"'"
,,~,
nell:IlllH
neKIl,KH ""'"
mine
,
D
:lKeilOM
.o.cBYWICe
.o.c!BywICoii =<pO'
yJlRue
ynHucii XMneA
nelUlllH
ne.:IllleH
mine
willeii
nUIAL
z,"w "",,"w ,,~"
N .l1eBytuICH ynHUbI nUuuH
""'"
--
,/IeBywelC ,"""p neKll,HH
~'" ynHUbI .o.lineii
A :liMnH
,
G )Kell nCByuleK ,"""p yllllU "Mm neKUMM ilieii
,
D
lKellax
)KellaM
)l(l!lf3MII
.l1eByutnx
nes)'lllKaM
ncoYWKaMlf
cecrpaM
oecrpaMH
ynHuax
ynHuaM
ynHnaMH
"'"'"
3C"-U1J1M
3CMJIllMH
nCUlllJIX
neKWtJlM
neKUHllMlf
wino,
winoM
winoM'
454 APPENDlX
4. .llscpb-noWis
SINGULAR
doo' notebook line, tum thing mother daughter
N J(IICPb TCTp;l,o,b O'lCpe):(b Bel1\b MaTb AO'lb
A ,llBCPh reTIXtAb O'lCpeHh
.,"'"
Bellib M'Th ):(0%
G llB~PH TeTIXtAH O'fcpeJlH MarepH HO'lCPH
1l1l~PII l'CTpaAH O'lCpeJ,lH BelliH MareplI JtO'lCPlt
,
0 J,lBePIl
JIBepblO
l'CTIXtAII
TeTpaJIblQ
6'1cpeJlH
6'fCpeJlblO
BelliH
IIClliblQ
MlnCpH
MarepblO
AO'lCpli
HO'fCphlO
PL.URAL
N HBepH "''l'M" O'fCpenll fleW" MaTepll ):(O'lCpll
A llBCPIi l'CTpa,QH 6'1cpeJlH BCllill MaTepCH JIo'fcpeii
G Ltscpeii TeTpMCl1 o'lcpeJIcii IIcl1\cii M3TCpeii JIO'lCpeH

0
.uaepJix
JUlCPJlM
TCTpMSJX
TCTp;l,o,SJM
O'lcpe):(Jix
O'fCpeAAM
~wax
ucwaM
M3n::pJix
MarepliM
HO'lCpJix
HO'lCPliM
, { JUlCPliMIl
):(8CPhMJl.
TeTp;l,o,llMIl O'lCpe,1\lIMIf BCll\aMIl MarepliMIl
{ AO'lCP~"{jj
1l0'fCPllMH
5. HMB-nouns (neuter)
SINGULAR PL.URAL.
name time names times
N llMSJ UpCMll N IfMel:l3 8peMeHa
A KM, IlpeMll A HMella IIpcMcna
G RMelfl! Bpe.\lCHIl G liMen IlpeMeH
llMeHH 8peMCHIl
HMCllax 8pcMeHax
,o llMeHII
RMelieM
BpCMcnll
BpeMeHcM ,
0 IIMeH<!w
HMeH<!wH
BpeMCHaM
BpcMCllaMIl
6. NoWls with declension irregularities

.
SINGULAR
church neighbor brother choir leaf pm
N
A
U:CPIW8b
UepKOBh
00""
coce,1\a
6paT
6paTa
crYJl
cryJl
JIJl.CT
JlRCT
ncpO
"pO
G UepKBIl coceJl,a 6paTa cryJla JlIICnl HCpa
I.\CpKBH coceAc
oomy
6pa",
6pa,."
cryJle JlIlCTC
",'"
,
0 u:ePKIlH
UCpKOBhlO COceHOM 6paTOM
cT'jJlY
CT'jJlOM
JlIICT'j
JIIlCT6M
nepy
nep6M
PL.URAl
N uepKll1f oo<X"" 6paTbSJ CryJlbll JlHCTbSJ nepbll
A l.\epKBIi coce):(CH 6paTbCB CT'jJlbll Jll1cn'll nephll
G UCpKIlCii coce):(cil 6paTbCB cryJlhea JlUCTbCB nepbcB
UCPKllh oo<Xll"
oo<Xll'M
6paTbSJx crY JlbliX JJ1teTbllX IH~PbllX
,
0 ucpKBaM
ucpKaaMIf coctJVIMIl
6pan>lIM
6paTbSlMH
CTyJlbliM
crYJlbSJMH
JlJl.CTbSJM
JlllCTbllMH
ncpbSJM
nepl>lIMH
(com.)
APPENDIX 455
(com.)
SINGULAR
"u hwlxmd
"'" friend cili:en
N nepeBO My>< W. npYr rpa:.:,n:ulliH
A ,nepeBO My..-a cblHa lIpjra JllIDKna IlitHa
,",p,,,,
,
G
lIepese
MY><'
MY><o
CblHa
W~
llPira
,npyre
rpa:.:.naHKHa
rpa:teJ:taHKlte
nepeBY Mj"lKy CblHY npyry rpa~aHllHY
,
0
lICpeBOM Mj;eM CblHOM lIPyroM rpa:lKlIall.llllOM
l'l.URAl.
N .uCpCBb}! MYJKbH CblHODbH APy3b.M rpa)((,Uallc
A .uepeDb}! MYJKcif CblllOBCif .upyJiif rpautaH
np~H
,
G nepeDbCS
nepeBblllt
M)'lKei'i
M)'JKblix
cl.llloneif
CblHOBb.MX I1p)'3bU
rp;l.JKJ(aH
rpiqaH3X
,
0 JlepeBbJlM
nepeBbJlMH
Mpa.Ji\l
M)'lDoliMH
CblHOBbiM
CblIlOBbRMH
.a;p)'3bliM
IIp)'3b.MMH
rpa1U3HaM
~aHaMK
SlN<iULAa
M,. Georgian baby, child
N rocnO.nHH JllPKII
"""'
'leJTOeeK pe6eIIOIl:
A rocnOmflla rppHll3 'leJlOBCKa pe6elln
,
G rocno.nHlla
rocllo.uIlHC
I'py:lIhm
rpY:lIilte
'leJlOl!Ka
'lCnOBCKe
pe6ellK3
pe6eIlKC
,
0 rocnO.nHHy
rocnO.nHIIOM
Jll)'3HIlY
Jll)'3HIIOM
'leJTOBCKy
'lMOSeKOM
pc6eIlKy
pe6eHKOM
--
PLURAL
N roctlo.na, JllPHHbI mO.llH lItTK
A rocnOIl JllPHII moneii
rocnoll rp)'3HH nlOlIcH Ami
,
G
rocnonix rp)'3HIl3X mOlIllx ncr"
,
0 rocno.rolM
rOCnon.3Mlt
rpPHHaM
rp)'3lillUMH
mO,ll)lM
nlOnbMH
lICTJlM
JteTbMH
7. Nouns used in the plural
<10= kids. guys money schi

N wallMaThi pe6RTa .a;eHbl"'H m.
A
,
G
WaXMaThi
wAxMaT
pe6RT
","'"
nCHbrH
.aCHer "'we."
WaXMaTaX pe6liTaJ: JteHbrax
m"
,
0 WaXMaT3.\l
IUaXMaTaMH
pe6.MTaM
pe6lirdMIl
nellbr3.M
JIC'lIbraM"
will>!
WaMJol
456 APPENDIX
Adjective declension
UASC\lUNE AND N!!lITER Singular
(m) Hos",ii MonoJloii citllHii llpyr6ii pYocl"HK 6onbw6ii xop6wHM
N (n) HOBOe MOJIoll6c CHHee HPyr6e pYCCJ:oe 6onbW6e xop6wee
A (animate _ genitive; inanimate _ nominative)
G "oaoro MOJIOllOrO cHHCro npyr6ro pYcaoro 6oJlbw6ro xop6wero
p 11680101 MOJlOliOM CHHCM llpyr6-"l pyCCKOM 6oJlbw6M XOpOWCM
o lloaoMy MOJlO.rrOMY CIIIlCMY npyr6My pyCCKOMy 6oJibwoMy XOpOWCMy
I 11681>1101 MOJlOLIhIM CIIHIlM lIPyniM pyCCKHM 60JlbWIIM XOp6UlItM
FEMININE
N 1I0BaJI Monona" CHHJUI PYccK3.11 60Jlbwall xOpOwax
A HOB)'IO MOJlO.njlo CMHlOjQ pyCCJ()'IO 6onbwjto XOp6U1)'lO
G,'.} HOBON MOJIOHaii .npyroii PYcatOH 6oJlbwoii XOpOWCK
Plural
N 1l0Bbie CHime
MOnOltWC JlpyrHC PYCCkllC 60JlbllJlle XOpOWIIC
A (animate = genitive; inanimate _ nominative)
;j 1I0BblX MOnO.ubrlt cMllHX npynix PYCCIOIX 6oJlbUlHJI: XOp6WHX
, H08b1M
HOal>lMH
MOJIOllblM
MOJlOm:.MIt
CHRIlM
CHFmMH
npyniM
llPyrHMH
pYCCKHM
pyCC':HMH
60JlbWHM
6o.nbWKMH
XOpOWHM
XOpOWHMH
Pronoun declension
1. Personal pronouns and interrogatives KTO and 'ITO
,
N ;
MCHli
,,"
n:6.1i
OH,OH6
er6,lIcrO
Ollil
ee, HeC
M"
HaC '"
,k
om;
!ix,HKx
n6
.:or6
,,6
'T6
-
G l'e6.1i crO,Itcr6 ee, Hce lIac !ix, lIIix .:or6
....""""
MCtvi 'Icr6
MHe Tc6C HeM seii ,', 'Kx 1t0M "M
0
,
MHe
{ MHOil
MHOIO
I
T066'
T066~
cMj, HeMY
HM,HKM
eM, lIeH
{ tHo HeH
elO. "CIO
,iw
HaMH ",M.
liM, miM
UMH. IIII.\lH
1t0Mj
,tM
'IC..\lY
'16.1
Note: The rcncxive personal pronoun ce6li has no nominauve form; it declines like...w: c:e6Ii, ce6e, co66ii.
2. Possessive pronoun modifiers and interrogative 'iCii who.~e
MASCULINE AND NEtJI'ER Singular

N(m)
(nl
,,.
M6'
,,"
MO<
",6'
A (animate - geniuw:; inanimale _ nominauw:)

G

'IbCr6
'IbCM
Moero
MoOM
noere
TBlXM
- "".
~O<
Clioer6
CBoCM
,'m
"'''''
"''''''0
HaWCM
",m
urn,
aawero
B.3WCM
, 'IbCMj
'lbHM
MoeMy
MOHM
TBOCMY
TBOHM
caoeMj
CBOHM
113weMy
lIawHM
aawcMy
BaWHM
fEMININE
'lb~ MO; CIIO~ HaWa
,
N
'lblO 1101010
TOoli
TROK> cBolO mlmy
aam3
Barny
n ,.... Moe' TBOCii ~oe' lIaweA BAWCK
APPENDIX 457
Plural
N '11." MOH 1110H CBOIl HaUJlt llaWIt
A (animate _ genitive; inanimate = nominative)
~I
D
'IbHX
'lhIlM
MOHX
MOllM
TBollx
TUOHM
CBOllX
CllOHM
Hawllx
U{WHIM
OalIJHX
BaUH/M
, 'lbHMH MOIlMH l'80J1MIf CllOllMH HaWltMH lJaWltMlt
Note: The third person possessivcs el"6, ee, and Hx do not decline.
3. Declension of OAHU one, :hOT 'his, TOT 'hat, and sec.. all
MASCULINE AND NEUTER Singular

N
(m) OIllill :hOT ,6, BeCI.
(,j OltHO :ho ,6 BCe
A (animate = genitive; inanimate _ nominative)
O,ilHOro :horo Toro acero
,G
OltHOM :hONl TOM DeeM
O/l:nOM)' TOM)'
,D
OltHIlM
3TOMy
:hllM TC!vI
nceM)'
aeeM
FEMININE
N olIn:i jHI 1'3- ad
A O,llHY j,y ry BCIO
n OlIlIOil JTOii
Plural
Toil IIceil
N
A
omlli jTll
(animate = genitive; inanimate _ nominative) " ,,'
~) OllllllX jnlX TeX acex
:hltM aeeM
,
D OJtlniM
OltHllMII jnJMI1
"M
TeMI1 BCCMH
Verb conjugation
I. First conjugation verbs
IMPERFECTIVE ASPECf
INFINmVE '1l1TaTb mJC3Th 1I0Jl3T11 ne'lb OOBeTOBaTb npOCbmltTbCll

read write crawl bake advise w(lke up
PAST 'lIiTan nllcan n6m lle" COI\(hODaJI npoCblmlnClI

'H1Tana llHc3.na 1I0JlJJl3. nCKJl3. COlleTOBana llpocbl minUCb
'lIIT3JIO ImcaJlO IJOJlJJlO nCKJlO COfleTOBaJlO npOCblllMOCb
'tHTanll nltcaJIII 1l0JlJJlH nCKJlH COOeTOBaJIH npocblmUU1Cb
PIUiSENT 'Hmho [mm)' nom)' liCK)' COlleTYIO npocbJIJalOCb

'l1tT.3.Clllb nJIWCWb 1I0JlJeWb nC'Ielllb cooeryewb npocblnaCW1>Cll
'H1TaCT miwcT nOJ13CT IIC'leT coBeTyeT npoChinaeTOI
'llfTaeM llliweM nOIlJCM ne'leM coaeTycM npochlnaeMcll
'llnacre mirneTc nOJlJeTe nC'leTC coBeTyere npocblnacTCCb
'1I1TaIOT mlluyr nOJJ3yT nCKYT COBCTyKlT np<>cblm'tIOTcll
IMPERATlVE 'lHTaH llIlUUI IIOJl3If nCJ<;J! COIle-l'yH npocbJ rrillcll

'lIlTalm: IJHIlIIITC nOJlJHTe neKIiTe cooerymc npocblmlihecb
Note: The imperfective fUlUre is formed by combining the future forms of 6bm. with the imperfective infmitive:
6yIIY ,,"TIlTh, 6Y.n;CUlh "MTan., and so forth.
458 APPENDIX
PERfECTIVE ASPECT
INfiNITIVE npo'lHTan. nanHcan. ynoJl3T11 HcnCon. llocoeeroean. npoeHYrbOl

,<ad wriu craM" away bek. advise ....ake up
'AST npo'lKTin HDIlHcan ynM3 llcneK Il~TOIl3Jl llpOCHynar

Ilpo'lHTina Hallllc3.na ynon3JJ3 Hcnexm'J nocoBtTosana npoeHyJlaa.
npo'lHTanO 113mlca.no ynOJl3JJO HCnCJ:JIO llocose-rosano npoellyJlOCb
npo'lHTaJHt llanllCann )'lIOJl3JJH HcncKJIIl nOCOOeTOOaJlII IlpoeHynHcb
fUTURE IIPO'lIlTlllo HallHmy ynOJl3Y HcncKy II0c0oCTyIO npoeHycb

llpO'lHTIlCWb 1t3nHWCWb ynOJl:)CWb llCne'lCWb nOCOBthyewb npocnCUJbClI
npo'lIlT3.CT HafTIlWeT ynOJI3CT IlCnC'lCT nocoIICTyeT npoeHCTCJ/
Ilpo'lHrieM HaIlHWe.\1 ynonJeM HCne'lCM nocoBtT}'eM npocnCMClI
npo'lHn'teTC llanHwere yno.nlCTe HCJ1e'leTe nocose-ryere IlpocHCTeCb
npo'lKTIUoT HaJlHWYT ynOJl3Yr Kcncr;yr nOCOBCT)'tOT IlpocHyYClI
IMPRATIVE npo'lHTIlit 1l311IlUnl yno.n3H Hcnet:K nocoBttyil: npocHKCb

npo'lHnHrre H3I1HWH.Te )'llo.n3HTe HCllCJiJi"re nocoBCryitTe npoeHKrea.
Note: Perreclive verbs are nol used in the present tense.
2. Second conjugation "erbs
lMPERFCl1VE ASPOCT
1l'-'FINmVE ....n. Y'lH-n.c1l CMO"l'pCn. CToin. mOOKn. npoeKn. cep.a.Kll.C"

believe Jtudy look "wuf lo~ <Uk be tmgry
'AST SePM )"IHnCl ~o""" CTOlin mo6"" npoeli:n cepmlnClI

oepiUla )"lHnaCb CMoTna CTolina moolina npoelina oePlllinacb
BepllnO Y'lKnOCb CMOrpC,nO CTOlinO mooli:no npocKno oePJlKnOCb
BCpHJIII Y'lHnHCb CMOTpMll CTOsVm m06KnH npoeHnH cePilHnllCb
PRESIlNT DeplO )"lyCb CMOTpIO CTom mo6mo npowy ceP:YCb

sepHWb )"lllUJbCli CMOTpHWb CTOMWb mOOllUJb np6cHwb tePilMWbClI
"p>IT )"lHTC1I CMOTpHT croKT m06KT npOcKT cePllHTCli
acpKM )"lHMClI CMOTpKM CTOH.\{ 1II06KM "p6a<M cePllHMClf
IICPHTe j'l.HTeCJo CMOrpHTe CTOKn Jli06KTe "p6a<no cePJlKTeCb
..
sePlfT :f'i3TClf CMOrp1lT CTOil- nOOlfT "pocn cipll.llTal
IMPERATIVE ".. )"'IKCb CMOrpH CToii mOOH npoeH cePIlKCl.

DCPbTe ,.."""" CMOTpkre CTOiiTe mookre npoeKTe cepJ.Uhea,
Note: The imperfective ruture is ronncd by combining the ruture ronns Or &:01. with the infinitive: 6jJ1.Y BCptrTb,
6j~eun. "tlPlITb, and so rorth.
(cont.)
APPENDIX 459
(rO!lf,)
PERFECT1VE ASPECT
INI'INlnvE nODcp"Th tlaY'lIiThC}! nOCMOTpCTh nOCTOJfTb OCTaBIlTb nonpocliTl> paccePllHTbCl!

belie~'e learn look sland leave mk become (II1gry
em nOBepl1J1 HaY'uwclI nocMoTpen nocToin ocni.BllJl norrpocHJI paccePllllilcl!

nOBCpllJIa lIaY'uinacb nocMoTpena nocToina OCTaBIlJTa flonpDCliJTa paccePlliU:J3Cb
nODepllJIO Hay'llinocb nocMoTpe.no nOCTOsiJTo ocniBllJIO nOnpOCllJIO paccepmtrrOCb
1l0BepUJlIl Hay'lKrilfcb nocMoTpCJlIl nOCTOJfJTIf OCTaBllJllt nonpocuJIIl paccepnMJTIICb
FUTURE nODcplO Hay'lycb nOCMOTplO nOCTOIO OCTaBJllO nonpowy paccep:t:ych

nOBeplllllb llaY'IIlUlbCll" nocM6TpIlI!Jb nocrOMWb OCTaBmIlb nonpOcMWb paCCePlUilllbCli
nODepUT Hay'llITclI nOCMOTpIiT nOCTOHT oc-rADItT nonp6cll'r paCCepJlIiTClI
nOBcpllM lIaY'IllI>lClI nOCMOTpIlM nOCTOHM OCral'lllM nonpOcHM paccep)I,HMClI
nODcpllTe HaY'IHTeCb 1I0CMO'ipiiTe nOCTOHTe OCTaBItTe nonpOcHTC paccep11HTeCh
1I0DePllT lIay'laTclI IIOCM6TPllT nocTokr OCTaDlIT 1l011p6ClIT paccCPJJ.lITClI
IMPERATIVE IIODCp!. uay'llicb nOCMOTpH "OCToJ1 OCTa(lb nonpocH pacccp,!:\Ch

lloaepbTC HaY"HTCCb nOCMOTpliTe nocToiiTc OCTl18I>TC nonpocliTe paccePAliTeCb
Nole: Perfective verbs are not used in the presenl lense,
3. Irregular verbs
INFINITIVIl XOTeTb (ipfv) .naT!. (prv)

\l'a!lf gil'e
PAST xOTlin A'"'

xoTi:JTa Aan'
XOTCJTO A,",O
XOTeJTll A'"'"
PRESENT xO'ly FUTURE A'M

x6'1cUJI> n3llJb
XO'leT nkT
xoniM nimiM
xOTlire .ua.I1H,e
XOTJfT na.atr
IMPERATIVE (none) aMi

naJ1Te
Other verbs conjugated sImilarly arc: 38XOTeTh (pfv), llpO,/.uiTh (p[v), llo~aTb (P[v), lICpeA8Tb (p[v), and all other
perfcctive verbs formed by adding prefixes to the above basic verbs.
460 APPENDIX
Reference list of verbs'
I) 6lin.1(pfVOO-) 17 hit
fio.rJen. II (prv 110-)
16 ache
60mclln (prv 110-) 14 fear
6pin.l (prv Blliin.) 13 take
6bm. (prv 00-) 4
8 uptffi.u(pfve-) 17
""
rook
Mprn. II (prv 00-) 15 believe
~ I (ipfv soJ,8plUllana) 16 return
BUn. I (ipfv fipan.) 6 take
BIi./(en. II (prv y.) 2,6 S<C
8MdTb 1I (prv 110") 15 be hanging
B03llpJ.tU.ITJ.Cllll (prv BePH:fn.cR) 16 return
IlOini I (ipfv BXOrom.) 4 enler
KTJIC'.'" II (ipfv BCTpe'dn) 11
""""
~ II (ipfv BW6pic:wun..) 17 discard. throw out
aWroeoptrn. II (ipfv awroUJl'IUTlo) 11 pronounce, utter
aWiTlIl (ipfv ....xoLJlin,) 14 go (or come) out
Bbourn. I (ipfv min.) 13 drink
Bhr'repeTb I (ipfv BLlTKpA.....) 17 w;p<
BWXOrofn, II (prv eWiiTK) 14 go (or come) out
BWXOn,Mn. (eWiiTN) :l8..\f)'* 18 get married
r roeopWn. II (prv 00- or CKWn.) speak, say

J7Jrin. I (prv 00-) 14 stroll
.ll ll,Ullin. T (prv Ain.) 14 gi~

ltaT!, (ipfv romhb) 13 give
.ninan. 1 (prv c- or 00-) 3 do. make
,!Iocoaoplin.cJf II (ipfv ltoroBipHBaTI.CII) II agree. come to terms
LlocTuirn,1 (prv,llOC'rin.) 13 get hold of
,oonjn. I (ipfv Aocruirno) 4 get hold of
~n.1 (prv 00-) 6 think
E bJum. II (prv 00-) 12 go (by vehicle)

exaTh r (prv 00-) 12 be going (by ychicle)
jI( 9
"""10 I (110,'10-) wail
zenan.l (110-) 18 wisb
On. I (00-) 9 ti~
3 n6waan. I (prv u6Wn.) 14 forget

386Wn. I (ipfv 3fI6wain.) 7 forget
38JUiMaTbOll (ipfv 3a.a:YMhlB1TIoCliI) 18 sink into reyerie
:Wint I (ipfv 3aXO.u;Kn.) 13 drop in. go behind
38KWTlo I (ipfv 3aK1.3blUT") 12 order
:wcpWn. I (ipfv laxpwd:n.) 3 do",
DMeain. II (ipfv a",erin,) 4 ,""b~
a'fbwn. II (ipfv :p.\leorin.) J 3 notice
u..\flirm.-n. cOOeo (or cnoIIi<&.."1l) II (prv) 9 put in a good word
:JaIlIl.dna I (pry DO- or :Jlltfirn,n) 18 study, busy oneself
3lU111anrn. n (ipry DJlanin.) 12 pay
3apaMTWBaTi. I (pfy 3llpat'i6Tan.) 18 earn
3llxoJl,lin. II (Pfv:llli'ni) 4 drop in. go behind
3aXOTen. II (ipfv XOTen.) 18 want
:JUn. I (pry 00-) II <all
~n(pfyDO-) 7 pho~
:wan. I (ipfy) 3 know
Roman numerals 1 and II rcrer 10 the: first and second conjugations. Arabic numerals rcrer to the lesson in which
the verb was initially presented (usually in the Preparation ror Conversation).
~ other me:mber or the: aspect pair is indicated parenthetically; ror tnc sake or completeness some: ve:rbs nOl rormally
presented or drilled in the telll arc included here. The translations gi\'Cn are tnc most basic ones.
APPENDIX 461
11 K1lllin. I (cwrplin. or l~) II play
KllTH I (pfv 110m) I be going
K38Mlum. II (ipfv 1l18KHin.) I cxcuse
ll3MeHWr.. II (iprv ll3MettWTb) 4 change
.......epecoean. I (prv 3a-) 18 interest
KK'repecouTloCll r (prv u-) 18 be interested
1ICdn. r (prv l~) 12 ."k
Mcue-... l (iprv DC'!..) 17
....-nir I (see "J[Tli) I
"'k,
be going
K KIDii~I(prV_) 6
~n. I (prv ..-6tI...,....,) 14 """
finish
t4'6N'lwn. II (ipfv KOH'Jiin.) 14 fmish
Kymin. 1I (iprv OOkynjn.) 4 boy
Jl nedn. II (pfv 00-) 18 Iio

JlI06Iin. II (prv 00-) 10
'0'"
M ",eonin. I (prv no-) 18 d~
",ewin.1 (prv 00-) 17 disturb, stir
MOon. I (prv e-) 7 be able, can
H ~1(pfV_) 18 bop'
Ka3dn. I (ipfv ..:lilian.) 10 name
Ka3Hi'lJf1'1o II (iprv IIlD1U1odin.) 16 set, designate
ttai'ni I (iprv ..xorom.) 17 find
tIlLIIIin. l (iprv ttaIllIa8n.) 18 PO"'
taI~n. I (iprv ..an.) 4,7 write
KlpbI!n. I (iprv Bapnin.) 5 slice
KI}"lIin.c:IIII (iprv~) 18 leam
HaXOwin. II (prv HaiTii) 17 find
HUo,lllin.an(prvRaiTia.) 17 be situated
..Un. I (iprv 1I......n.) 18 begin
IfOCIirn, II (prv 00-) 15
KpUMTbC:lIII (prv 00-) 11,16 "''''
like:
o 06i~an. l (prv 00-) 5 eat dinner

06pa'l"'llTI.alll (iprv ofiPlllllliTbCtl) 16 consult
06pautli'l1oall (prv 06paTlin.al) 16 consult
o*ilJU,n. I (iprv) 8 "P'ct
OK6u'l1f11o II (iprv OKliH'lKJIJITb) 18 finish
ouli]JlWBan. l (prv OIIO]~jn.) II be late
OlJ03~liTb I (iprv OlllllllbUUITb)
ocriBIfTb II (iprv OCTa.a.Un.) 7
ocriTbCfl I (iprv OCTaBliTLCllI) 17
0l1le,'KTIo II (iprv oTBe..an.) 3
11
..
be late
, '"
remain, be left
answer
oTBe'lan. I (prv one-11IT1.) 3 answer
OT~OXHjn. I (iprv OT~wXllin.) 14 rest
OT/.lbIxan I (prv OT,1tOXHj'n.) 14
"'''
O1'J{pt:.lBlin. I (prv OTKphrn.) II
01'J{phrn. I (prv OTKJlWBllT") 3,7
0"'"
0P'"
n uepeJtlin (lprv lIepeJl:aa.tin) 18 hand over, pass
Ilepeiini I (iprv nepexomm.) 14 cross, switch, go over
nepexomm. II (prv uepeihli) 14 cross, switch, go over
nen. (prv eo) 13 sing
JJ6otJ. qprv 11(:- or e-) 17
OIICin.l (prv u-) 4,7
"'k,
write
min. I (prv aWo) 5 drink
on.Tlin. II (prv J.ao) 12 p'y
no6Wn. 1 (iprv fiWn.) 18 be (ror a while)
no.eptrnou(iprvaipwn.) 15 believe
noaTopj'n. II (ipfv OOBTOpjTL) I ",p"'''
aoroHplin.ll (iprv ro-oplin.) II talk
DOt7mn. I (ipfv ry.nrn.) 14 stroll
IJOMn. (ipfv ao.!Ia.e.6n.) 9 give, submil
462 APPENDIX
1l0Aenlni (ipfv Ablln) 17 do
IIOAo~n I (ipfv -mln) 8 wait
ooAoini I (ipfv oooJJ,JiT..) 7 approach
ooJJ.YMln I (ipfv JJ.YMln) 7 think
ooellUlTlo II (ipfv c:wm.) 18 drive (a bill
noenn. I (ipfv inn) 12 go (by vehicle)
DOlrin. I (ipfv min.) 18 live (for a while)
oo)l.lltl....iT1oCl I (ipfv JaHlI.....IT...c.) 18 study, be busy (for a while)
ooDOHin. " (ipfv~) 1 pbo~
OOJalk6!lom. II (ipfv lUKO....lIT1o) 10 introduce:
003llUt.-6MJrn..al1l (ipfv ] ~ ) 6 0>1
IIOtrrpIin I (ipfv IfI1)i.n) 18 play (for a while)
UOfKXin I (ipfv lICl>."iin) 18 look for
ooiri I (ipfv lIJl'ni, lITri) 3 go
llOKI]jn I (ipfv no,di3W.ln) 15 show
nod:lWUTb I (pfv oon3in.) 15 show
1lOK)'Idn.1 (pfv lCyroi'rJ.) 4 boy
00JIed.n. n (ipfv nnriin) 18 lie (for a while)
00JImn. II (ipfv ne...en) 18 fly
00JI3T1i1(pfv.-) 17 be crawling
OOJIOUTt.1I (ipfv ICnacr..) 12 pUI, lay
1.lOJJy"CTlo II (ipfv IIOnY'uiT") 9 get
n6",mllTlo II (pfv Be-) I I remember
IIOMoran. I (pfv ooMO....) 16 help
1101'010 I (ipfv uOMoran) 16 help
OO..lI. iiT.. I (pfv oo.. tin.) 6 understand
IlOHpJiBIfl"IoaI II (ipfv Hp8BII'TIoI::I:) II Iik'
ooo6EJJ,1Tl> I (ipfv 06i~n.) 5 eal dinner
oonpoain. II (ipfv opoalTt.) 7 ask, request
oopa6On.TIo I (ipfv pa66TaTlo) 18 work (for a while)
IJOCIlJ.tin. II (ipfv~) 18 Sil (for a while)
DOCJliIn I (ipfv ooc:w.rdn) I
DOCJIj"WITlo I (ipfv cnjwan.) 13 ""'"
listen
take a look
000Kl,.,m. II (tpfv CMOTpin.) 4
llOCOIliroun I (tpfv roae-roun) 13 advise
oocutn. II (ip(v cniin) 18 sleep (for a while), take a nap
lIOCT1IPi..... I (ipfv Cllr)dn) 18 do the wash
~ 11 (ipfv (Torno) 18 stand (for a while)
IJOC'l")MStm. II (ipfv np6wn.) 15 buikl.
lIOC'T)'Uin I (pfv lJOCJ)'IBin.) 3 join, enroll: act, behave
lIOCT)'IIIin. II (ipfv IIOn'}'fdn) 18 join, enroll; act. behave
DOCT)'.... n II (ipfv crY'lIin) 18 knock. rap
~nl(ipfvTllHlletJiTh) 18 daoce (for a while)
OOTtplin I (ipfv Teprn.) 11 1=
ooxo,wm. II (ipfv xoJJ,JiT..) 18 walk a bit
upewuu-an I (pfv npeJJ,JKr,Em) 14 suggest
uptLlJlOUTt. II (ipfv ll))CJ1Jlaran) 9 suggest
npt./ICTaallTh II (ipfv upeACTllBJJin) 16 present
IIptACTl8JlliT.. I (pfv npe:ACTaaHTlo) 15 present
npt./ICTllBJIlln. (or npt./IcriBIITlo) cdie 15 imagine
uptllOJlllBan. J (ipfv) 18 instruct
~1(ipfvnpHBWJCin) 14 get used to
1lpKJ"JU.am. II (ipfv DpHrnawan) 15 invite
npwnawan I (pfv IIJl'II"llaam.) 15 invite
lIpIIb.lTIo I (ipfv IIp1leldn) 12 arrive (by vehicle)
IlpIIiiTIII (ipfv opuomin.) 14 come, arrive
opdTiIcJ. I (ipfv fIJlOo~) 17 have to
IYpiMKcri I (ipfv DJHIIIOCIin.) 8 bring
II'pIIlIOCD1. II (pfv nplQttCri) 13 bring
JIINlXomm. II (pfv 1IpIIini) 14 come, arrive
opoA........ [(prv o:poIlin) 13
O:PO!lo.md.n. I (prv opD)l6mlam.) 16
"'1
continue
opoiiri I (ipfv opDxoNffi,) 6 pass, go through
opooicn. (ipfv npona.ttin) 18 vanish, be lost
opoain. II (pfv.-) 12 request, ask
IIpOCHjn.cv I (ipfv opocwnaThC'll) 18 wake up
APPENDIX 463
npocwml.n.OI r (prv llPOCKjTI.cll) 18 wakc up
npoxoJ.Uin, II (pfv npom) 9 pass
IIJlO'IKTftn. I (ipfv 'IlITlin) 13 read
P paooran I (pfv 110-) 2 work

PaJpetmITb II (ipfv paJpetllan.)
12 pennit
paccep~ II (ipfv CCprofn,cSl) 16 become angry
pacni I (pfv BbI-) 17 ",ow
pewKn. II (ipfv pelUan..) 18 decide, solve
C awm.cllll (pfv Cecrb) 14 sit down

CBapHn.1l (ipfv aaplfTb) 17 rook
c,l:tbJaTlo I (iprv ~b1an) 9 do
ceProfn,cll Il (pfv pac-) 16 be angry
CllJte-rb II (pfv 110-) 10 sit
cKaJan. I (ipfv rOBOpHTb) I say, tell
CJloMaTbI(ipfvJlo~an) 16 break
cny'fliTbCM n (ipfv CJly'IaTbClI) 16 happen
cnYwBn I (pfv 110-) 7 listen
c.rn:nuan Il (prv y-) 2 hear
CMO.."en. Il (pfv uo-) 5 look
CM6'{b I (ipfv MO'lh) 7 be able
CIOIMaTloI (prv ClIII.Tlo) 15 take ofT, lake a picture
COOllJlaTbCM I (pfv c06paTbClI) 18 gather, get ready, plan
couhoBan. I (pfv 00-) 13 advise
coifI'M J (ipfv CXOJl.Wrb) 16 go ofT, get ofT (or down)
cwl.n n (pfv no-) 12 sleep
meunITb Il (pfv no-) 2 borry
cupaWHBBTb I (prv Cllpoa(rb) 8 ask. inquire
CUpoaITb II (iprv CUp8uutBaTb) 8 ask, inquire
CTaHOBHn.c1l 1I (pfv cnin) 16 become, gct, step, sland
rnTb I (ipfv eraUOBMThC'Il) 18 become, get, step. stalld
CTIlpan. I (prv 00- or BbI-) 17 wash, launder
er61lTb II (ipfv) 12
CTOIITb II (pfv 00-) 4
erp6lfTb II (prvno-) 15
'""
stand
build
CT)"Ian. II (prv 110-) 17 knock
C'lmn. r (pfv co-) to count, consider
cwrpaTb I (ipfv Hrp:lTh) 14 play
T 1'8HItcB.lhb I (prv 00-) 10 dance

TepMn. I (pfv lI(I-) 17 10",
Y yliHBan I (prv y6m.) 17 kill

YBH.!ICTL 1I (iprv BH.!ICTL) 10
YJl.HBJJJI'TbClI I (prv YJl.JIlllfrbCII) 12 ""be surprised
ye:slKan. I (pfv ye)(an) 16 go away (by vehicle)
yexanl(ipfvycJ:dn) 16 go away (by vehicle)
y:man I (iprv Ylllasan.) 7 find out, recognize
ynkfb I (iprv ml.llBn) 16 fall
yIIOJI]"Ilf: I (ipfv YIIOJlJan.) 17 crawl away
yCJIblwanII (ipfvem:nnan) 13 hear
ymen.. I (ipfv ycnesan) II succeed, manage, have time
yrnn.. I (ipfv ycraun) 11 get (or be) tired
ycrpOHTh II (ipfv ycrp3HBan) 18 arrange, set up
YCTp6I1ThCB II (ipfv ycrp8HBaTbC'll) 18 be arranged, get settled
)"Qin. II (pfv ua-) 6 learn, teach
y'fIiTI.ca" (pfv UB-) 18 leam, study
X XOJtHn, II (pfv 00-) II go, walk. attend

XoriTb (prv 3a-) 3 want
XOTenCIl (pfv )3.-) 5 feel like
q 'Iman.. I (pfv npo- or no-) 1 read

'ljBcrBOBBTb I (pfv 110-) 16 f~1
464 APPENDIX
Russian-English Vocabulary
Arabic numerals refer to the lesson in which the word was introduced or discussed.
Nouns are given in their nominative singular form, or, ifuscd only in the plural, in their nomina-
tive plural fonn. Where an inserted vowel occurs in the nominative singular, the genitive singular
is also indicated.
Verbs are given in their infinitive form, with tbe third person plural present-future sometimes
also provided. Perfective verbs are marked prv; imperfective verbs are not marked. Roman numer-
als I and II refer to the first and second conjugations.
Longform adjectives are given only in the nominative singular masculine fonn except for soft
stems, where feminine and neuter forms are also provided.
Prepositions are accompanied by a parenthetical indication of the case they require.
A. fiJt6JntoTtKi library 6 .
fillnh ticket 12
and, but. by the way, how about 6.n., 6f.tQT (I) to beat, hit. strike 17
a ah,oh 2 fimi:J"d close, near 15
aaT06yc bus I Ii6r God 15
IBTopjottel fountain pcn 17 liO.e M6i! good heavens! my God! 16
I ..a [aha 1 aha! ahhh! 7 66lleH, 601lLUa, 60JlLUW sick, ill 2, 3
I).tMKHMcrpaTop clerk, administrator 12 6oJlen., 60mrr (II) to ache. hurt 16
Allewa (var. of AneKcCH) Alyosha (Alex) 17 60JlLHW (see 66J1eH) 2, 3
aMo hello (telephone only) 7 60JlLWe more, bigger 5
AMepH"a America 6 66JJbllle HeT there isn't any more 5
IMCpKK8HeU,-UUa American (m) 6 6oJlbwoii large, big 6
IMepKte8HKI American (f) 6 6om,wOe cJlacM60 thanks very much 9
lMepMK8HCkd American (adj) 6 GoPMC Boris 7
AHaTOlld Anatoly (Anatole) 18 li6pUl borsch (beet soup) 5
loulpiT apparatus, camera 15 IiOpw (var. of bOpHC) Borya 18
blllc atlas 8 608n.ca, 6o*Tca (II) to be afraid 14
.yJ.lJO"6...a lectun: room, auditorium, classroom 6 6pb brother 6
b oh! 4 fipan., 6epjT (I) to take, get 13
6a6YUlKI grandmother 17
fipan.a (pi of 6pb) 7
6jAY. fijJlCUU,. (fut of 6wn.) 10
6jnyutee the future 18
hoi. luggage, baggage 12 fij.'IKi large roll, small loaf of French bread 17
6........1lk baggage oompanment, trunk 12 fijJlo'lKi roll, bun 17
tic, 6e:Jo (plus gen) without 9 fiyJlL6H ooosollllJli, bouillon soup 17
6e3.l1;jWHWi unfeeling, heanless 16 6yt" snack bar, sideboard 14
6ric601l baseball I I 6w. fi (conditional particle) would 17
6illwii white 13 6WJi, fiw.n.i, 6Wro, 6w.:11 (past tense of 6wn)
6epj,kpeuu.(presof6p3.n.) 13 6wapwl fast, quick, rapid 18
6eautliTHO free 3 6brn. to be 4
465
8 BO"PYf (plus gen) around 18
II, 80 (plus prep or ace) in, into, ai, to Ron"oB Volkov (last name) 9
llar6" railroad car 12 BOJIO;IlI (var. of BJlaJlllMHp) Volodya 10
BaJul (vaT. of BaJlCHTHHa) Valya J7 BOil there, yonder 6
BaM, BaMM (dat, instr of 1U.~) 9, 12 BOH dM over there, over yonder 6
Bl,IlHIII bathroom 12 BOK TOT that person over there 6
BaHIl (var. of "hall) Vanya (Johnny) 18 BOO6utt\ in general, al all 16
BapNTb (II) to cook (by boiling) 17 aOceMlo eight 10
ali" (ace, gen of 8&1) 2 IlOCKpeciKIoC Sunday 10
aanep custodian (m) 7 BOT herc('s), there('s) I
BaXTepULI custodian (f) 7 II6T did i5 that so! 7
dIU, .awll, ....we, .aoul your, yours 6 IIIOT 'fTo! 50 that's it! 9
ulLJlli in the dislance 15 aowen, BOttJJail, -0, -ii (past tense of BoiiTH) 15
BJlBoC.\l two together 14 BOOm completely, fully 2
IlJJPj.. suddenly 16 IUlpO'It:.\l however, but then again 14
lIe,(lJ)6 pail. bucket IS Bph physician, doctor 16
.elUo ancr all, but, you know 9 BpiMetIR, BpbletleM, etc, (sa BpCMJI) to
ae3Ht eve~here 13 1lpe.'olR time 10
.epa faith, confidence 15 IICC, IICi, Bri, actO, etc. (see BCcb) 2, 7
Hip. Vera 18 aci et1li still, yet 2
Ilep..-n. (II) to believe. trust 15 aci pHIlO anyway, it doesn't matter 18
Bepllj'n.ct (prY,) to come back. return 16 BCft'"tti always 5
HpytOUtU believer 15 BCft'"O xOpOwero good-bye 2
~PXIUti. _-. -ee. upper 12 .d-TaKM nevertheless, still, just the same 8
KCenwi merry, gay, jolly 18 BCT(Wnm. (pfv II) to encounter, meet II
aCceJIO it's fun 18 actO, Bcii, etc, (sa BCcb) 2
ae<:tla spring II &elKMi any, anyone, anybody 16
110 Bcii,,-o.\l CIIyttU in any case 16
aeaeOi in spring II
.eo., d , sci, ad all, whole 2,7 IITOJlHNK Tuesday 10
H"lCP evening, party (formal) 10 lip college 18
PO Ileotepht in the evenings 16 nepa yesterday I
ae:-tepliHKa party (informal) 18 .hI you I
~pnMii, -n, -ft, evening Cadj) 13 IIW6pocllTIo (pfv II) to throw oul, discard 17
.Be..epttAR MOCK.... Evening Moscow (news- BWrOBOPIlTIo (pfv II) to pronounce, say II
paper) 13 .hIm. BWi.!lYT (prv I) to go out, get off 14
se..ePOM in the evening 10 "wu""'"'"' BWDIoIOT (pfv I) to drink, have a drink 13
CCfO)lHR lIi'lepoM this evening 10 .W'repe...., BWTpyr (prv I) to wipe, wipe olf 17
aiWIo (I) thing 12 "b1xorufrlo (ll) to go out, get off 14
alan., aOlb.\ljT (pfy I) to take, get 6 BblXOllMTIo (BWii"rM) :liMy. to get married 18
ali;l view, aspect 15 IIwwen,lIwUlna, etc. (pasl of IIbtiiTlI) 15
ali.neJl, aw,nena, -(I, -fl (past of 9JiJtCTb) 2
BMetl, B"WlS., -(I, -bI visible, can be seen 15
BMen. (II) to see 6
BIi*y (firsl person sg of l.IImen) 5 fliJeTli newspaper 13
8KICTOP Victor 18 rliItR (var, of familia) Galya 6
Blin"a fork 5 fJ!C where (al whal place) 2
911,,6 wine 18 1"1le-uu6y,nt. anywhere 18
BIICen (II) to be hanging 15 fIle-TO somewhere 18
BMYli (var. of BJfKTop) Vilya 18 reorpi.u" geography 8
BKyCllblii lasty, good, delicious 13 fnil:lllblM main, chief 18
Bna,llllBOCTOK Vladivostok 12 fninDe the main thing 18
BnawiMMp Vladimir 8 fJla3 eye 13
BMec-re togelher 10 rnynocn (f) foolishness, stupidity 16
BCe BMCcre all logether I rnynblM foolish, stupid 16
BMCcrO (plus gen) instead of, in place of 14 J'Olloplin (n) to speak, lalk 1,6
BKlb down, downslairs 16 1'011 year 16
BKM3Y downslairs, below 12 II iTOM ,"oAj this year 16
BOlli waler 12 fM01leH. fOJIoJtHa, rOnOlU!bI hungry 5
BOllOUpoaOll running water, plumbing 15 fon}"60ii light blue 13
B03BPllllliTIoC':R (I) to return, come (or go) back 16 fopal,no by far, much, considerably 16
BOlD.yX air 14 fOPOJ! city, town 4
.OJ.\lo. .blii possible 17 B ropo,(l (or B f6po1lC) downlown 4
DOl",y, IIOlloMeUllo (ful of Blan.) 6 fopcoetT gorsovet (city soviet or council) 2
aoiiRi war 10 "opli"lKi hot 12
BOrn, BOi.QjT (pfv I) 10 enter, come (or go) in 4 rOCOO1la ladies and gentlemen, e'tICrybody 3
lIo.nu station, terminal 12 foaJOroiH Me. 3
466 VOCABULARY
rOCIIOlKH Miss, Mrs. 3 IlOpor6ii expensive, dear 8
l'oenillHlla hotel 12 ~oc'~a annoyance 5
"oToa ready 6 ROT JlocjJla! how annoying! what a nuisance! 5
'''Pa-.naMe (pi of rpa)l(llallllH) citizens 12 noc,,;, board, blackboard 4
r1i6 mushroom 17 llOCT".n.., llOC'l"alOr (I) to get (hold of) J3
rpOi'tt'te louder I ,[Iocrin., !loailt)'T (pfv I) to get (hold of) 4
I"PY1M Georgian 7 JtOoteptl, JlO'tePLIO, etc. (see nO'!b) 17
rpjutla group, section 7 ll6'lL daughter 17
ryJljn. (I) to sti'"OlI 14 lIPjr friend 9
rYM GUM (depl. store in Moscow) 4 ZlP)TOi other, different 5
lIP)")Lj (pI of npyr) 9
tJiMano (I) 10 Ihink 6
,[Iywj soul, heart 16
.'la and 5
....1lJI uncle 17
lla yes 2
,[18 Hj! no k.idding! 13 E,
,[Iaun., !latOT (I) to give, let 14
IlUHO for a long time, a long time ago 2 [aniHKi Evgeny (Eugene)
.rwuti'tt, naJUi'Tc, llaItiT (see naTb) 13 en) him, it, his 6, 10
ttii.:e even 5 ee her, ii, hers 6, 10
!tiii, rollin (imper of naTb) 13 eJJl.MTb (II) 10 go (by vehicle) 12
llaJIe~"ii far, far away, distant 15 CM (dat of aHa) 14
Jt8Jlbllle further; continuc! go on! 4 eMy (dat of 611) 17
!lAM, Illillll" llMcr (Jee nan) J 3 eCJIIt ir 16
llapo," gratis, for nothing 18 eeTb there is, there are 5
)IaTb (pfv with irreg fut: naM, namb, ll{tCT, tUUU1M, haTh, e.tl,)'T (I) to be going (by vehicle) 12
llallHTc, nanYT) to give I) ewc still, yet, more 5
IlIIa, llIIe Iwo 6, 10 lice elUe still, yel 2
IlIICPh (f) door 4 Cllte ~"'! and how! 14
naOp courtyard, yard 14 Clue pa] once again, once more
Ha JlIIOpe outdoors, outside, in the yard 14 ilO (inslr of Olla) 17
.twyx'Iacoaoi two-o'clock (adj) 11
IleaYlllKa young lady, girl 9
.nea~ nine 6
IttAYw~a grandfather 17 en"a lir tree, Christmas tree 17
IIriicTlllinJl_o really, indeed 16
ttinan. (I) to do, make 3
.ae.no thing, mauer, business 2 )1(*
'fi." llMO! what's the matter? 7 .:anh 100 bad, pity, sorry 15
IttH", l1Hi (m) day 4 .apt"di hal 14
~H" poJoAAf:lUUI birthday 4 .lipKO (it's) hot 14
.niHbJ'H money 18 'lk!lan., )kJtjT (I) to wait 9
.ne-peao tree 17 .e (unstressed emphalic particle) but 5
.nepe.... (pI of nepcBo) 17 .eJI'Tb (I) 10 wish 18
IlcpeslillHwii wooden 15 .e.1lTblM yellow 13
.nkslTL ten 10 lKeHli wife 2
ItCTH children 17 *e"'x fiance, bridegroom 18
ll)l(h jazz, American-style popular music 13 lKeHUIKKa woman 12
I\HpCKTOP director 18 lKcC'r"HA hard 12
J!JlIllIliLlii long 17 lI'eC'TKMii Bar6u second-class coach 12
linK (pIllS gen) for 9 )l(tbHh (f) life 18
ItHK (pI of .neHb) 7 :Bn., ....iT (I) to live 9
, ,'10 (plus gen) before, until, up 10 9 lI'ypHiiJl magazine, journal 13
.no ealUlllHHIl good. bye, I'll be seeing you
,[Ioop...ii kind, good II
,[I66pwii .e'lep good evening II
,,
JloaOJlctI, -Jl_a, etc. pleased 7 'la (ace, inslr) for, at, behind, after 9
.noaOm.HO rather, quite, enough 14 :Jii ropo.n (Qr J:i 1"OpO.!t();'\ol) out of town 17
.noroaopkn.ctl (pfv II) 10 come 10 terms II 38 MeR' for me, in my behalf 9
JlOt:TOP doctor 16 la cro.10M at the table 14
.nwo long. a long time 4 ]a6w n. (I) to forgel 14
.nOmKeR, no.1.aa, etc. must, have to 8 3a6.:m., 386jlJYT (pfv I) to forgel 7
,[10M house, building 9 uaO,[I plant. factory I
AOMa (pi of nOM) 9 DaTpa tomorrow 4
Ao.""a al home 10 ]8JlYMaTloCfI (pfv I) to daydream 18
nOMoi home, homt:ward I uiin, JaiItiT (pfv 1) to drop in, Slap by 13
,[IopOra road, way, route 15 18Ka3aTb, 310':)'T (prv I) to order 12
VOCABUI.AR Y 467
:aalCpwn.. llU.:p6lOT (pfv I) to close, shut 3 "Mil name. fitst name II
ll.Jr hall, room 6 KKa'le (or MHne) otherwise. differently 15
J.lI./I1eHlin (pfv II) to substitute 4 HH*ellcp engineer 18
n/l1enrra. (pfv II) to nolice 13 HHOf"j1a sometimes 3
3llMOJlllHTlo CJlolle'IKo to put in a good word 9 IIHOCTpaHClI, -HllK foreigner 15
3a!tMJ>laThC8 (I) to occupy oneself, to study 18 HHcnrrjT institute 18
3UltT, laHltTa, 'liHltTW busy, occupied 3 IIHTepkuo (that's) interesting, [I) wonder]
la.HiTu studies, classes 8 llHTepecodin, ~CYIOT (I) to interest 18
laO'lllJllla (ful/form CT)'JleHn:a.nO'fUHu) corres- lUlTeptCOllauca (I) to be interested in 18
pondence-school student (f) 9 HpMHa Irina (Irene) 9
U,D~T, ~a, etc. locked 4 MOl:h.., 1IutyT (I) to look for, seek 12
Jail/Tarin. (pfv n) to pay 12 Ncuiota., McoeKjT (pfv I) to bake 17
lapa6iTWllan. (I) to earn, make (money) 18 HOlOJlHeHtte performance 13
3axOrom. (II) 10 drop in. stop by 4 ItCOMttillMH performed by 13
nxoTen., uxoriT (irreg) to want, feel like 18 McrOplD: historian 18
laXO'ly, JaXO'feuu., laXOtteT, 3aXOnLo.l, la):ome, etc. McrOpN'II history 8
(irreg fut of lUOTha.) 18 trrni (var. of Hnni) I
Ja'leM why, what for 6 MX their, them 6, 10
la'leM Tooe why do you need 6
38J;1aJleHHe application 9
3B8Ta., loayT (I) to call II K.
td... Te6ii (or BaC) JOBjT? what's your name? II
K, KO (dat) toward, to, to see 4, 7
lliOHIiTL (II) to ring, phone 7 Kbuu>lii each, every II
380HO", -HKa bell 7
Ka*CTclI [it] seems 6
l,tlaHHe building 7 Ka38Ta.clI, ICbcYTclI (I) to seem 16
3./ttta. herc 7 ..a.. how, as, like 2
3./tOpOB, -a, -101 healthy, well 2 lCaK ./twa? how is eve()1.hing? 2
3./tpbCTByH, l./tpaBCTByiiTe hello 3 ..... pal just, it just happens, the very thing 5, 9
Je,I1euwii green 13 ..aK TOIlLKO as soon as 17
It!MJlti earth. land 18
"11"01 whal, which 9
lll.'lta winter 2
OJS.TO some sort of, a. an, kind of 8. 16
lll.\tOM in winter II
..'J>le.lHwii: [made of] stone, (made of) brick 15
3ItHa (var. of 3HHaw) Zina 10
lCi)ltlllo, dMBIl stone, rock 11
:JMetl snake 17 KmKyllhl (pi only) vacation 15
lHa..oM. _a, _101 acquainted, familiar 10
Kapamw pencil 6
J.HaICOMCDO acquaintance. familiarity 18
KipTII map. card 8
no lHnO!\lCTBY by knowing the right person, KapniHa picture' II
through friends 18
dcca licket window. box office. cash register 12
lHIlKOM.... (m), 3HaJ.:0!\la. (f) (an) acquaintance, Kha (var. of EKaTepKHa) Katya (Kathy) 10
[a] friend 13 lCli,wa kasha (mush, cooked cereal) 5
lHiTa. (I) to know 3 Kllapnipa apartment 9
3Ma'l""'" (II) to mean 10 lCamllllJfll receipt, claim check 12
3Ha'fHT it means, so, then 10
Kliell Kiev 12
KMIlOMtrp kilomcter (three-fifths of a mile) IS
KHHO movies, cinema 10
11
ICHOcK stand. newsstand 8
u and, also, too I KHpMJIJI Kirill (Cyril) 2
JiBall Ivan (John) 7 KHT.iii China g
HB8UOBH'f (patronymic, son of Hdll) 9 ICJly6 club I
"BauOBMa (patronymic, daughter of I'ball) 7 KJI.o~ key 7
Hrlla gamc, play 14 KIIHI"I book 3
Mrpan. (I) 10 play II lCor.na when, while 10
Mrpin II KapTIoI to play cards II 1C0rO (gen, acc of n6) 8
".nCJ>I let's go 5 ~orrO a thing or two 8
MJtni, II)tjT (I) to be going I KOlIlOIl Koziol' (last name) 7
":a, 100 (gen) from, out of 9 ..oOOad sausage 18
.368 hut, village house IS KOnOIlell, -lUll well 15
.3.ecna1l news, news report 13 Konxol kolkboz, collective farm 15
..HJIlec:nul" lzvestw (News) (newspaper) 13 1C000xOJIIlD: collective-farm worker (m) 15
ullJOtiTr: excuse [me I I troJlxOJIUIlIa collective-farm worker (f) IS
M:a,'ltetnfn. (pfl' 1I) to change 4 ..onxo3Rwi collective farm (adJ) 15
llICo.a holy picture, icon 15 Ko.IUI (var. of H..J;onaii) Kolya (Nick) 6
JiJa. or 10 troMMttHOt!HWi (Marll.]lIiu) secondhand store 13
1iJT iJUI ... either ... or 10 "oMHaTa room 9
liM (dat of orm, instr of Oil) 1. 14. 17 ICOHeu,-HU' end 16
"MeI'M, '.'ltetleM, JlMetla, etc. (see HMII) II a lCotIqi !.:OHUOIl finally, in the end 16
468 VOCABULARY
IWIIC,,"0 of course, sure, certainly 4 MAJIO tittle, few, 100 lillie 10
KOlluepT concert 3 MaMa mamma, mom 17
"OIl"aTL (ll to finish, end 14 Mapiill Maria (Mary) 7
"011'111"" (pfv Il) to finish, end 14 Mapc Mars 18
"oucihca kopeck 12 Micno butter, oil 18
Kop06"a box (cardboard) 4 MaCCa lots. mass, plenly 17
KOpOTKllii short 17 MacchI: massage 16
KOCMollallT cosmonaut, astronaut 18 MiT checkmate 14
KOCTJOM suit, COSlUme 4 .....aTcMiTH"a mathematics 8
KOTOpwii which, what, that 13 MiTCPH. ManpCii, etc. (see MaTh) 15
KOte (indecl) coffee 5 MaTcpHin material 4
KpaclUlwii lovely, pretty, handsome 4 ".nepHall Ha KocnOM suit material 4
KpacHwii red 13 MaTepHin lIa IlJIliTLe dress material 4
Kpaaewi yrono..: recreation room (/it. red Min., MaTepH, etc. mother 15
comer) 13 Mama (var. of MapKa) Masha 7
Kcdnl incidentally, apropos, by the way 3 MlllllJi.H. car, machine 18
ICTO who 4 MelInCtlHbli slow 18
Ky.ni where (to) I MClltlly (p/w instr) between, among
K)'M (indecl) compartment 12 MClKJIY "pit"H..... by the way 13
Kymi.tl, _., etc. (past of lCymiTL) 4 Men chalk 17
KyO...... (pfv n) to buy 4 Me.rtOJUla melody, tune 13
Kypo'lKHH Kurochkin (last name) 7 Metni (gen, ace of Ji) 8
Kypc class (year), course 10 Mecr"KO spot, place, job. small 10wn 18
qeOK, qoo piece, slice 8 Tennoe Mecriol,,-o a soft spot, a nice cushy job 18
Meao plaa:. seat, berth, job 12
Mee-all month; moon 16
JJ n
MeorriiTL (I) to dream 18
Jla60paToplIII laboratory 3 MetJJaTL (I) to disturb. hinder. mix 17
nalUio O.K., fine, all right 14 MIi.!l. (val'. of JhO.ll.MMa) Mila 3
JlalUll' noodles 17 Mtinwii nia:. kind, dear, darling 9
Jlell, JI..., Lev (Leo) 3 Miina mile 15
!l&-"MM easy, light 13 MMHYr". minute, moment 7
nerKo [it's] easy. easily 13 {OMY] MHHjTKY just a minute 7
na:in. (II) to be lying, to lie in bed 18 MMP peaa:, world 10
lIeK'1M1i lecture, class 6 ..BoMHa II MMP War and Peau 10
JlCIlMIfl1dn, Leningrad 12 MHXiinQ8I1'1 (patronymic, son of MilUM) 7
lIee forest, woods 15 Mile (prep, dat of Ii) 3
IIee-Tnlllla stairway. stairs, ladder 16 MHoro a lot, lots, much 7
nh (gen pI of r6A) 16 l'ollloroe many things, 1015 of things II
Jlho summer II MOlj, MOeClIU., MOeCT, etc. (pres of M6'1b) 7
neTOM in summer I I M6eCT 6wTL maybe, perhaps 6
nM whether, if (question particle) 7 MO)l(HO it's possible, one may 4
JlMMOH lemon 17 MOM, 1'010', Moe, MOM my, mine 1.6
!IMMon811 lemonade, son drink 14 MOJlO,llCU, -JIlla one who does an outstanding
JliiCT leaf; sheel 17 job 7
JlMCTbr sheets 17 MOIl0110M young 13
JlJicn.ll leaves 17 MOJlOKO milk 5
JlMTCpaTypa literature 8 Moc"Ba Moscow 9
nlffepaTyplll>lH literary, literature (adj) 18 1'010%, Moryr (I) 10 be able, can 7
JIIIT4!alC department of literature 18 My: husband 2
JlJi4!T elevator 12 MY.'IMlla man 12
Jlo:lCa spoon 5 MY'KL. (pI of My.) 7
JIY'nue better, rather 1 MyJI>I"a music 13
ny..IUM" besl, better 7 MW we I
JlKKia (var. of Jh066Ijb) Lyuba 17 MWCJlb (f) idea, thought 18
m06krL (II) to love, like, to be fond of 10 "'tlln;;Mii son 12
mo66s... .Ilt06eii (f) love 17 MIln;;M" lIarOO first-class coach 12
Jllo66I1" Lyubov (Amy) 17 ""IlCO meat 18
m01lH people 13 MIlCO"OM6HMllT meat-packing plant 18
mo"c deluxe class 12
H
M. 113 (p/w aee or prep) on, onto, 10, at, in, for
M....3ii. store 8 MUepllO probably, likely 8
Min. (f) ointment, salve 16 .alllep:< up, upstairs 16
MinettLKQ small, little 9 Haaepxy upstairs, on top, in the upper 12
VOCABULARY 469
1Il1/IC*!11 hope 18 UHlI\IlHii, -'1M, -ee, lower 12
Ha11bK1111 Nudezhda (Hope) 18 HMKlit.: in no way. by no means 9
HlllleATbCM, IlalielOTcll (I) 10 hope, count on 18 RMKaKoii not." any, none at all 15
HallO {it'sl necessary, one has to 9 HHKHTM~ (patronymic, son of HUKHn) 9
He lIa110! don't! 15 HH"Ol'"lI1. never 3
IH1lII (var. of HUJIC;IlU) Nudya 18 HH"'onaeBM'I (patronymic. son of HIiKomi.ii) 7
Ha3811 lxlCk. ago 17 HRKOJia" Nikolay (Nicholas) 6
TO.\lY Hni11 ago 17 RH.\I (dat of OIlH, instr of 611 and 0116) 10, 14
Hll)B8Tb, Ha:JOBjT (pfv I) to name 10 c KJi... with him (or it) 10
Ha3",~HTb (pfv II) to set, designate, appoinl 16 K HHM 10 them 14
Ham, HaiillYT (pfv I) to find 17 Hlf)'!" (instr of OHH) 10
Hlneao on Ihe len, to the left 12 C Hli:....H with them IO
HI..,"n., Hanb.oT (pfv I) to pour, fill 18 H"RI Nina I
HiM (dat of MW) 14 rix (gen, ace. prep of OHH) 7.8.10
",.\lM (instr of MW) 17 Y m [knol they have 8
HDHc.an, HlrniWyT (pfv I) to wrile 4.7, 12 HH'Iet'"6 nothing: all righl 4,6
HIIIHwliTe (imper of HanHcaTb) 4 ItO but I
Harrpaao on (or to) the right 12 MOIIOCTb (f) news, novelty 13
Hanpk'l"ep for example II HOllloli new 13
Hapblo., Hape;IoTe (imper of Hape33Tb) 5 'ITO NO-oro? what's new'? 13
Hapban., Hape:YT (pfv t) to cut, slice 12 Horii leg, foot 16
HapOll people 7 MO: k.nife 5
HapO.!Utloli folk, popular. people's 13 ~ep hotel room, issue, number 12
dc (gen, ace, prep of MW) 5 HOl.'MblQKK porter 12
y Hac [kTIo) we have 5 Hoaln. to carry, wear 15
HIC'IlT (plus gen) about 5 uO'Ilo (f) night II
Hadwa (var, of HaT3.nbll) Natasha II 00 fIO"'M nights 16
Illy.... science, knowledge 18 cnOK6iittoii "0'111 good night II
eOT Tc6i Hly"a! let that be a lesson to you! 18 HO..I.MI at night, during the night II
HlY'lrnCll (pfv 11) to learn 18 IIPUurn.ca (II) to like, please, appeal to 11,16
HIy_wi scientific, scholarly 18 Hi well. why I
Haxo!Ufn. (II) to find 17 Hy, ....... ? well, how about it? II
HIJI:OJUiTIoC1I (II) to be located 17 Hy, 'ITO aw! why, what do you mean! 6
Haoca.'10 beginning. start 16 HY, 'ITO TiM! whatever for! not at all! 9
HI..an.. HI~KjT (pfv t) to Slart, begin 18 Hy*eH, Ky"'H', -0, -w necessary 8
Hiw, HaWI, H'WC, HaWK our, ours 5, 7 Mite HY*"a KipTa EBpOlIIoI I need a map of
He not (negative particle) I Europe 8
He60JiMUoii small, not large 12
HeaolMo"'HO impossible 17
HCI'O (gen, ace of 611 and 0116) 00
y HCI"6 he has, at his place 8 0,06, 060 (plus prep) about, concerning 7
IIcmiBllo recently, nOI long ago 5 6! oh! 12
IICllllJiCKO not far, close, near 15 ooell dinner, noon 5
HCllellll week 8 110 06e/t8 before noon 9
HCIlOBOJlCtl, -Jlbllfl, etc. dissatisfied, displeased 17 IIOcJle ooeJlli after noon, in the afternoon 9
Hee (gen, acc of Oil:\.) 4,8, 10 o6ellliTb (I) to dine. cat dinner 5
y lite rCello] she has 4.7 ofipaTJiTbclI (pfv u) to consult, turn to 16
Heli (prep, dut, instr of om\.) 7, 14, 17 06paWanCH (I) to consult, turn LO 16
HeKoTopblli some, certain 15 06we*tITHe dormitory 4
lleJlblli [it's] impossible, one can't 15 66WH" ,general, over-all, common 15
II~M (prep of 611 and 0116) 7 06loMBJICHHC notice, announcement 13
HeMHOrO a little, somewhat 10 06";'1110 usually 15
HeMY (dat of 611 and 0116) 14, 16 06w'tMblii usual 15
Heunoxo not badly 6 orone..., -HbKa small light 13
HennoxOii nOI half bad, pretty good 7 "OrOHeK Ogonyok (magazine) 13
Henp","HJibHO [it's] wrong, [it's] incorrect 3 orypuw (pi of orype.l) cucumbers 5
HMMllaTM'IHbdi not nice, nol likable 16 OllecCli Odessa 12
HCtKOnbKO several, some, a few 17 o,tth, -I, _hi dressed 17
HK'taCTHblM unhappy, unfortunate 16 oilliH, OllHa, OllHO one. a. one and the same, alone 6
1Iec'tl.c:n.e bad luck. misfortune, unhappiness 16 O:l1lUIUHe waiting, wait, expectation 12
He... no; theres no, there isn't any 1,7 lb O"'W"HII waiting room 12
HeYIl66f1lo1i uncomfortable, inconvenient 12 0*HlIa11. (I) to expect, wait 8
Hey*e..,M! really! you don't say! 13 03Cpo lake 15
"M not (negative particle) 13 0,,"116 window 5
HII , . , HH .. , neither ... nor 13 0KOJ10 (plus gen) near. by, about 9
"MI'".ae nowhere, nOI " " " anywhere 7 OKOtt_, -a, -0, -101 finished, over, done with 18
470 VOCABULARY
OKOIl'fNTIo (pfv Il) to finish, graduate from 18 IteCIlA song 13
O,u;,' Oleg 5 neTp Pyotr (Peter) 9
O!lll (vaL of Onbra) Olya 4 Oc'rp6lJ Petrov (last name) II
Oil he, it I neTp6eB Miss Petrov, Mrs. Pctroy 7
ONa she, it neTpOtlll'i (patronymic, son of neTp) II
olui they I neTp6BNa (patronymic, daughter of nETp) 9
OHO it I otn.. ootbT (I) 10 sing 13
onj3lIb1ean. (I) to come (or be) late II neTS (var. of ne-rp) Petya (Pete) 17
OD03;1in. (pfv I) to be late II 1H':..naW cookies 17
orin. again 5 ~ ... ne..-:Yr (I) 10 bake 17
Op.11o. Orlov (IaSI name) 7 oet1JKOM on foot 12
Opnoea Miss Orlov, Mrs. Orlov 7 DlipOr pirog 17
6ceHb (f) fall, autumn 2 nlldn., miwyr (J) 10 write 4, 7, 12
Ocettbto in fall, in autumn 11 lUIC.MO leiter, writing I
OeKDOIJ Osipov (last name) 16 uIn., IlblOT (I) 10 drink 5, 12
oc06eHKO especially, particularly 18 DIIWliTc (imper of nHcan) 4
OC66cHllblii special, particular 18 IIMuta fare, food, diet 5
OCTilJlITb (pfv II) to leave 7 nn.liN plan, map (of city) 15
OCTaTl>CM, OCTiHYTCM (pfv 1) to remain, to be left 17 nnaCTIfIl"a record (phonograph) 13
oaopOJKetI, -lima, etc. careful 16 nnaniTb (It) to pay 12
oaopOJK.Hblii careful 16 n!lITOK, -TKa handkerchief, kerchief 17
OT, OTO (plus gen) from, away from 9 nniTbc dress 4
OTOe-r answer 13 MlITcpHiin liB n.rIlITbe dress material 4
OlOe'l'HTI> (pfv 11) to answer, reply 3 Il.rlOXO poorly I
OTBe......b (I) to answer. reply 3 nnoxoi poor, bad 14
OTJlOXIlyn. (pfv I) to rest 14 Ito (plus dal) by, on, about, in, via, along,
OTlIbIxlITb {I) to rest 14 around, through 15
oTiu, OTl.(i father 15 no-allrnliiicKII [in} English 6
oncpbllJiTl> (I) to open II n06wn, no6jD,yT (pfv 1) to be. spend some time 18
OTKpWT, -a, -0, ~b1 open, opened 5 Doftp...... (pfvlI) to believe 15
on:pWTb, On:p6toT (pfv I) to open 3, 7 OOBTOPin. (Pfy It) to repeat 1
on:jaa from where 9 DOroaopj"n. (pfv Il) to have a lalk, talk II
OTJUi'fHHK "A" Sludent 18 1I()I"0aa weather 14
OT!lIi'fIIO excellent. excellently 7 oor)'.rtrn (pry I) to go for a walk, stroll 14
oTclOaa from here, hence 15 DOll, OO,!lO (p/w instr or ace) under, underneath.
onY.lIa from there 15 benealh 17
OT'fK'I'IJO patronymic II DOAapoK, -pita present, gift 4
..ax .. we ..... 11 III] OT'tCCnlo? what are your first DOAlin.., DOa~ (pfv irreg lih .nan) 10 give, serve,
name and patronymic? II submit 9
heRb very, very much. really 4 DOj1e!lan. (pfv I) to do 17
O..epeIlb (f) line. lurn 4 'tTO lIIi oo.oeJlanm.! it can't be helped! what can
o'iep.. sketch, essay, fealure story 13 you do! 17
0..11 (poetic/or rJla3a) eyes 13 noaepliliBllllwi secondhand 13
"()..II 'iCPHblC "Dark Eyes" (song) 13 notlO.aan., nOl\o*$ (pfy I) to wail (for a while) 8
01l1lt6Ka mistake, error 12 1l01l0iiTK, nOJlointr (pfv I) to go up to, come ovcr
to, approach 7
n " lIoItoiVUfTe K TC!le~(IIlY! answer the phone! 7
1I0Apjl"B girl friend 13
"a81l0aH.. (patronymic, son of n:\Ben) 2 lloAjMAn (pfv I) to think 7
llanK8 stick 17 IlDeJIl train 12
lllipeHb, niipNII fellow, lad, boy 10 nM3AIIl"b, nobllllT (pfv n) to do some riding 18
napK park 9 nOCJJK.'i! DOJJK.aiiTe! drive! go (by vehiclc)! 12
neBell, n",lIli singer (m) 13 l.oexaTb, noeD,yT (pfY I) to go (by vehicle) 12
nUlUta singer (0 13 OOliliinyi perhaps, that's an idea 14
IICIDlII(:lIljT leachers college 18 oo.....yikTa please, don't men lion it, you firsl I
lteli, neiTc (imper of IIMTb) 13 noJK.ti:n., no.up (pfv I) 10 live (for a while) 18
..eNlle singing I DOJ8.HIl....n.ca (pfv I) 10 study 18
ypOK uCH1I1I singing lesson I DOJIIOtOin. (pfv n) to call, 10 telephone 7
lliplJblii first 6 nOJJ]IM) late 3
nepell, nepe,!lo (p/w instr) in front of, before 18 pcb.t later, later on 16
ncpeaan.., neptn;1JIit" (pfv irreg lih .nan) to pass, DOJH..-OMllT1o (pfv It) 10 introduce 10
hand 18 OOlHaKOMIffI.CIII (pfv Il) to meel, to be introduced 6
'ICpeiTtii, nepeiJ:ti'r (pfY I) to go across, go over, nollrp8Tb (pfv I) 10 play (for a while) 18
to Swilch 14 noJH:rin.. DOIiIllYT (prv I) to look for 18
ncpell:O.tufn. (II) to go across. go oyer 14 n6ii, ullin (imper of nen) 15
ncpO pen point. pen 6 OOineM let's go 10
VOCABULARY 471
IKlii'ni, IKliilltr (pfy I) to go (on foot) 3, 6 npeHCTIIBJlWn. (I) to present, introduce 15
nOKli so long; while, meanwhile 6 npeJJ,CTa.lIliTtt cCOl! to imagine 15
nOK.II38Th, noKi*YT (pfy I) to show 15 npe"pac"o fine, cll:cel1ent, splendid 12
Do"bwBaTh (I) to show 15 npeDoHIlBanJlh (m) instructor. tcacher [8
nOKyuaTh (I) to buy 4 npeuOJlaBaTtt, IlpenoIlalOT (I) to instruct, (each 18
nOJle field 15 npMBtT greetings! regards! hi! I
OOJIelM;an. (pfv II) to lie down (for a while) 18 npMBwK, -Jla (past of npIIBbiKHYTh) 14
OOJU!Te-rh (pfy II) to fly 18 IIpHBWKMYTIt (pfY I) to get used to 14
OOJI:mI, 00JI3Yr (I) to be crawling, to be creeping 17 OpMIIW'IlCa habit 14
oOJIKa shelf. bookcase 6 npHrJl.lcatn. (prv 11) to invite 15
DOJlO*IiTh (pfy II) to put, lay 12 nplIl'Jlawan (I) to invilc 15
DOJIy'fin (pfy II) to receive, get 9 Dp..exan., up..eJIYT (pfy I) to arrive (by vehicle) 12
DOJN.ld half an hour 16 nprini:, IIprmjT (pfv t) to come, arrive (Oil foot) 14
no!'uurr.. (II) to remember II npKiTlila. (pfv I) to have to, to be forcui to 17
ooMOrh", (I) to help 16 IIp....ecni. lIpKJte<:jT (pfv I) to bring (on foot) 8
no-~6eMy in my opinion, I think 7 npllllOClin. (II) to bring (on foot) 13
oo~6 ..... DOMOr-YT (pfy t) to help 16 IIpfIXOJUin,. (II) to come, arrive (on foot) 14
OOMOUDlB assistant, aide 18 lIpfIUJi!JI, opll1DJ1a, etc. (past of npHiiTH) 15
IJOfte,.'li.m.HHK Monday 10 IIpKWJIOa. (past of npHiiTHch) 17
DOHII~UlHtte understanding, grasp I I npdnto pleased, [it's] nice 6
OOIULOdin. (I) to understand 3 upollOJluliK conductor, guide 12
JIOHpblll1'loC:a: (pfY II) to like 11,16 npoaaBiin.., Dpo.lla.oT (I) to sell 13
IfOO6iMn. (pfv I) to eat dinner 5 Dpo;laautiua saleslady 8
~ (pfY II) to ask. request 7 npo;lOJl.a,... (I) to continue, keep on 16
nonjT'IHK traYeling companion, fellow traveler 12 OpoKflHoIUnJJl, (m) record player 13
oopa time, it's time 6 UPOIl3B6JleT80 production, manufacture 18
oopa60un (pfY I) to work (a bit) 18 pa60nn. Ha npouBO.llCTWe to work in a
OOpT+e.ru. (m) briefcase 4 factory 18
oo-pjC:O;H [in) Russian 6 DpoMcweenHe happening. occurrence, accident,
DOpa.r.cm, -.llK. order. arrangement 6,15 event, incident 13
1ICi.I oopwe everything's O.K. 6 upoiiri, npoi!ti'T (pfY I) to pass, go by 6
OOC~Th (pfy II) to sit (for a while) 18 opouien., "poU.lAjT (pfv I) to be lost, to perish 18
nocnin., OOIU11~T (pfY I) to send I, 12 opOnya.: pass, entry permit 13
06cne (P/w gen) after 8 npoctin (It) to request, ask for 12
IJOC.lteNlMi, -RII, -eC! last, latest 13 lIpOCHjT5>ClI (pfY I) to wake up 18
nOCJle388Tpa day after tomorrow 10 np6cTo just. simply 13
'tIOCJIjwan. (pfv I) to listen (to) 13 np0cT6ii simple 13
oOCMOTplSn. (pfv tI) to take a look 4 npocTOM pa60'IMii unskilled worker, ordinary
IKICO.eTOUn., -YKIT (pfY I) to advise 13 worker 18
ItoeOJlJ.CT1lO embassy 13 npocwniTltCll (I) to wake up 18
OOClUlTlt., nocnir (pfv II) to sleep (for a while) 18 IlpOclt6a requeSt, favor 9
OOCTMpaTh (pfv J) to do the wash 18 npOTMB (plus gcn) opposite, across from, against 6
nOCTotiTb (pfY n) to stand (for a while) 18 IlpoljlCCCIIA profession, calling 18
n0crp6MTh (pfY tI) to build 15 npocfleccop profcssor 7
nOCT)'luin. (I) to enroll, enter; behave 3 npoxoJtHn. (11) to pass, go by 9
ItO(TynKn. (pfY Il) to enroll, enter; behave 18 IlPO'lMT8l'h (pfY r) to read (through), finish
nocry'laTtt (pfY II) to knock 18 reading 13
DOTalllledTh, -ytOT (pry I) to dance (for a while) 18 IlpoweJl, "poIllJla, etc. (past of npoHni) 6
nonprn (pfy I) to lose 17 IlpOwJloe the past 18
nOToM aftcrward, later on, then 18 npOllIJlhlii past, last 18
noxoJttn, (pfy II) to walk (a bit) 18 1111 npOlUJloii netlllJle last weck 18
nO'leMy? why? 10 npomllJlhHhlii farewell (ndj) [8
nO'ITa post office. mail I lipowaii, npowliiin goodbye, farewell 18
nom almost 6 npliMo straight, straight ahead, directly, just 12
nowen. nowJla, etc. (past of nOHTlI) 8, 15 DyeTl> let 17
1IOlWIH! let's go! 6 oRTHIIU.l Friday 10
00.0, ItOi!Wl>, etc. (pres of lien) 15 uiTwii fifth 12
npia, -i. -0, -101 right 16 ntiTh five 10
upiaJla truth; that's true, isn't it, isn't that so 4,6 osrn.;lCCliT fifty 15
JlpUna Pravda (Truth) (newspaper) 13
npa..uu.uo right. that's right 3
npb:TIoca practice, practical experience 18
P P
upe""'IIlriin (I) to suggest, propose, offer 14 pa60n work, written paper 7
upeJl./10Dn. (pfy II) to suggest, propose. offer 9 p.a66un to work 2
npeJlCTb....h (pfy II) to present, introduce 16 paOO'lM worker 18
upeJlm.I"n 6e to imagine 16 n))OCToii pa66'1l1ii unskilled worker 18
472 VOCA6ULARY
pi.a, -a, -.... glad 2, 3 Cepreii Sergey 16
piMo (indccl) radio J3 cepD.kn.Cll (II) to be angry, to be mad 16
piJ occasion. lime; once 5 <:epb4'3Hwi serious 18
KaK p.3 just, it just happens 5 cecrpa sister 6
lIa trOT ph this time 10 eJllIen. (n) to sit, to be sitting 10
pi3U really; is it possible! 8 c...\tuaT'Ii"fK....i nice, likable 16
pa3lSe '0"0 unless maybe 11 cHlIMi, ~a -ee dark blue 13
pUr-OBOP conversation 4 c"uciiTe (imper of cKa3an) I
pupcwellKe permission, permit IS e"&381'1o, c"'*)7 (pfv t) to say, tell 12
paJpculHTb (pfv II) to permit. allow 12 C"OJTl.KO how much, how many 10
pallo early 3 110 eKOJlbKO at what time 10
piKbllle earlier, before 16 c"opee, lXopeii quick, hurry up; sooner, faster 17
paenp611aK. _a, -0, _.... sold out 13 1X6po soon 11
paa:epmiTLClI (prv II) to become angry, 16 CKY'lHO dull, boring 3
pam, paCTjT (t) to grow 17 cM,ttyIOUtKi next 8
~,-II",a baby, child 17 Ha cMllYKHud IIWJle next week 8
pe6jTa kids, fellows, guys 5 c..rnQm;:OM too, too much 18
ptJtKO rarely, seldom 3 c.ooaaPb (m) dictionary, vocabulary 8
Jle3YJl..TiT result 7 CJlOlIbn.o (var. of c.nOBO) 9
pelmi~a advertisement, publicity 13 3llMO.'1BIITC ]a Mtllli: CJlO.e'lKO! put in a good word
peKTOP chancellor, president 6 for me! 9
pecropaK restaurant 9 CJlOBO word 9
petleOT prescription, recipe 16 eJlOMaTh (pfv I) to break 16
peWHU (pfv tI) to decide, solve 18 eJly",6a job, service, work 4
polliiTeJlK parents 15 CJly'laii case, occasion, incident, event, chance 16
po-.tteKlte birth 4 11(I .cilOO.\t enY'lae in any case, in any event 16
,ttelUo po*JteHIUI birthday 4 C1I)"IIi'n.ClI (pfv It) to happen 16
JIO!I4u novel 10 CIl)'wau (t) to listen 7
po~ulJtC love song 13 C.'ljwalO hello (on telephone) 7
pOe, pocIli, etc. (irreg past of pam) 17 l:.IlW.wa1'1o (n) to hear 2
p)'6:i.WKa shirt, slip 17 c.\fOI'j, CMOllCClOb, etc. (fut of <:Mon.) 7
py6J1b (m) ruble 12 CMO-rpen. (1I) to look, see 5
py"a hand, arm 17 CMO'l'b, ClHoryr (pfv I) to be able, can 7
pycc"lt" Russian 6 CHM~8.Tb (I) to take off, take a picture 15
py'lKa penholder, pen 6 c",;iMoK, -M"a snapshot, picture 15
pbl6a fish 5 cOOKpaTbClII (I) to gather; to plan 18
co6paKMe meeting, gathering, collection
c, coBiroBan., COBCTytoT (I) to advise 13
c, co (gen) slnce, from 2,9 C'OfICi.\t completely, quite, altogether 7
C, co (instr) with, together with 10, 17 c:orJliCftL, -aat etc. agreed, agreeable 14
ca.,nj'n.n (n) to sit down 14 roini, coiiltjT (pfv I) to go off. get off, come down,
an+Uxa napkin 18 go down 16
ca."" -ii, -0, dMH oneself (myself, yourself, etc.) 15 corn e YMI. to be out of one's mind, to go
cb,ap sugar 17 crazy 16
Cawa (var. of Ane.r.:caIlJtP, -Hpa) Sasha (Sandy) 4 IIbI C YMa eowmi! you're out or your mind! 16
c66p gathering, assembly 18 eoce.tJ neighbor (m) 15
II c66pe together, present 18 coecill\:a neighbor (f) 15
caapMTl. (pfv 11) to cook (by boiling) 17 coceftKHii t _Mil., -ee neighboring, next 15
clIbuii fresh 14 co~e composition 7
cac.o cool, chilly, fresh 14 cn.llcH60 thanks, thank you 2
CB060na freedom, liberty 18 6o.'1bwlle cnacM60 thanks very much 9
CII06O!lKO freely, nuenlly 16 cnan, emIT (II) to sleep, to be asleep 12. 13
caoOOJUlwii free, unoccupied 14 CIJ~ltarntCT specialist 16
cs6i one's own (my own, your own, etc.) 7 coetUMn. (n) to hurry 2
C'./1VuITb (pfv t) to do, get done 9, II CUJlJO, cmilllb, emiT, etc. (pres of cnaTh) 12, 13
ce6ii oneself (rellexive personal pronoun) 9 ctto,,6iiHwi calm, quiet II
yee6ii in one's room (or office) 9 CItOkoiiHoi KO'l" good night II
cerOJUIIII today 5 cnpiwMBaT" (I) to ask (a question), inquire 8
ceH'Iac now, right away 6 cpa3Y immediately, right 8
ceKpeTapb (m) secretary 9 cpciJa Wednesday 10
ceneAKa herring 5 CCCP (COJ03 COseTCKltX COllltaJTHCnl'leckllx
JIO village 15 Pecny6JTHK) U.S.S.R. 7
CeMett Semyon (Simon) 2 CTAK:i.H glass 8
C_eHoa Semyonov (last name) 8 craBOBii"n.ClI (tI) to stand, become, grow, get,
cbt:.. seven 10 step 16
<:'bIb. family 15
VOCABULARY 473
CT3l1UHll station 12 1'01'1111 then, in thai case 6
c'flipblii old 9 To:e 100, also, either 2. 8
CTin.. CTaH)'T (pfv I) 10 stand, become, grow, get, TOJI"y'l"1I flea market. secondhand market 13
step 18 TOJJCToii, Jlea Tolstoy, leo (writer) II
c'rHpan. (I) to launder. wash 17 Ton.. "o only. just 5
nllxM verses. poelry 10 1'0.1.....0 'ITO just. just now 8
nOlln. (II) to COSI 12 Ton. (var. of AHaTomlii) Tolya 18
e"o.'1""o iTO non? how much is this'! 12 TO:t>ly IInall ago 17
He CTOMT it's no use. it isn'l worthwhile 18 TOpT eake J7
CTO.'I table. desk 5 n)r, ri, TO thai, that one, lhe one 6
CTOJIOBUI dining hall. dining room, cafe 5 TOT .Il', ri .e, TO :e the same 13
CTOIfn. (II) to be standing, 10 stand 4 TO"... I dot. point, period 17
CTp.aMi country IS TO"H",ii exact. precise 16
CTpaHHblii strange 13 TplBa grass I 7
CTpOKT" (Il) to build 15 TPM thrtt 10
CT)'.'li1fT sludent (m) I TpliJlllln thirty 12
CT)'lleHTJ.:.a student (I), coed TPY.llllWii hard, difficult 13
CTyJl chair 7 TYIllI there, to Ihat place 5
CTyJll>Jt (pi of CTyJl) 7 TYPMCT lourist 15
nY'Ian (II) to knock, rap. pound 17 TjT here 4
c)'66on Saturday 10 Tbi you I
cYIi soup 17
c'lacne happiness, luck 18 Y Y
C'lHTan. (I) to count, consider 10 Y (pIllS gen) at, by, on, from, al the place of 4
CWA (COCtlHuellllwc WTaTh! AMCpIIKH) U,S,A, 13 Y IUIC [een] we have 5
ewrpan (pfv t) to playa game 14 y Hero [een.] he has 8
CWH son 17 y lice [eeTl>] she has 4
e"'Hoe..' (pI of CWII) 17 y HMX [kn.J they have 8
elO,:ta here, over here 10 yfiHaaTb (I) to kill 17
)'OOPHaII toilet. lavatory 12
TT )'60pWHUIL cleaning woman 7
TI... (unstressed) then. in Ihat case 3 yBMneu (pfv II) to see, catch sight of 10
Ti... so, as, that way, thus 3 Yro.'!, }T.'lJI comer, angle 8
ri..., Jdi... just as 16 yro.'t6t:, -.'II"a little comer 13
TI,,6ii such. so I I "paCKwii }TOJlO.. recreation room (iii. red
TD:cM (indecl) taxi 12 corner) 13
d,\! Ihere I Y1l"'11 luck, good luck II
Theil (sg of T3HlUoI) 10 YllH8.'1tlTI.CA (t) 10 be surprised 12
TlHueean, T.lHItiIOT (I) to dance 10 y.ll66ttwii convenient. comfonabJc 12
mill>! dance. dances, dancing 10 Yll66cTBO convenience, comfort 12
TaHa (var. of TaT..Jiua) Tanya 17 Yllo86J1bCUMIl' pleasure 3
Talll"ellT Tashkent 12 c y,aOBO,1"CT8MIl'.," with pleasure, gladly 3
180ii, THOll, Tlwe, THOM your(s) 6 yCl;l\an (tJ to go away (by vehicle) 16
Te (pi of TOT) 13 yexln, yeJIJ'T (pfv I) to go away (by vehicle) 16
l'e:e the same 13 y:e already, by now 2
-rehp thealer 9 y*e lie no longer, not, , , anymore 18
TCal'pail..ltblil theatrical, theater (adj) 13 Y311al'l. (pfv I) to find out, [cam, recognize 7
1'e6C (prep, dat OfTbl) 6, 14 "YXpIlMHII The Ukraine (hotel) 12
Te6li (gen, ace OflW) 6,9, 10 y",paHllcu, -HUll Ukrainian 7
nJleloll telephone, phone 7 ynMull street 13
3110llllT nJlelful the phone's ringing 7 yM mind, sense 16
31Kl1lli:T.. no TeJlelilllY to phone 16 BI:t c yM.8 COW.1M! you're out of your mind! 16
1I0tlOiillM(Te)" TCJle4H)Hy! answer the phone! 7 yMlIblii wise, smart, intelligent 16
Tt:HHHC tennis II yllllsepcwrer university 3
Tenep.. now 2 yuaCT", yo.aJ]jT (pfv I) to fall, fall down 16
TinJl..,ii warm 14 ynoJOTii, ytJOJ1ljT (pfv I) to crawl away, creep off 17
numl [it's) wann 14 YpOK lesson, class I
Ttft.rwe Mecre-t"O a nice cushy job 18 yeJ1wu..:n, (pfv II) 10 hear 13
Tepiin. (I) to lose 17 ywen. (pfv I) to manage in time, succ:ecd II
TtTpa.lU, (I) notebook 6 )'cuex success, luck 18
Th. aunt 17 ll~JI.n. 6oJll>llllie ycnexlI to do very well, make
TexHll... lechnician 18 excellent progress 18
TeXllHt.'1II technology, engineering 18 yaan, )'criM)'T (pfv I) to be lired, to gel tired 14
To6Oii (instr of TW) 17 yCTpOlln. (pfv II) to arrange, fix up, organize 18
ToaapHllt comrade, friend, colleague 9 YCTpOMTIoCII (pfv II) to gel fixed up, get established.
TOBapMtU no "oMII.aTe roommate 10 gel scllled 18
474 VOCABULARY
jTpo morning 4 '1eM (instr of 'ITO) 17
00 yrpaJ\1 in the mornings 16 ..epe3 (plus ace) through, across, in 13
y+l ugh! ooh! 14 '1~ '1il in an hour 13
)'Xa fish soup, fish chowder 17 '1eptlwii black 13
y..euwii scholar. learned man, scientist 18 .u.epl" Thursday 10
r"'TeJUo (m) teacher 7 'tt'Tbi:pe four 10
y,",'TC.'1bHHila teacher (f) 7 '1tmin. (I) 10 read I, 10
y-niTL (n) to teach; to study 6 'ITO thai, who, which 6
y'liiTl..ca (II) to learn, study 18 'ITO what 3
onc) II';'! you're not serious! 3
'ITO J1H perhaps, possibly, maybe 18
'ITO HOllOro'!' what's Dew? 13
'ITO :rro why is it, how come 16
+a6pHKa factory 9 '1T66w in order to, to 18
+RKy.'1LnlT department 7 '1TG-IIH6yJtb anything, something or other 9
4IRJ\1MnHJI last name, family name II 'ITO-TO something 14
+M1HK physicist 18 ")'BCTaO feeling 18
lM3HKa physics 8 '1yBCTIIOBaTI>, '1YIICTllYKlT (I) to feci 16
lIJIlJIIinIIOIlIl'l (patronymic, son of d>illlMnn) 2 ..yBCTBOIIBTL ce61i to be feeling 16
"Jib.", film, movic 10 "yn, ue all but, darned near, almost 16
+Oro photograph, picture 15 'I...e (n of '1eii) 6
.yrOO.'1 soccer II 'I1>1ii (pi of'lcii) 6
llr1Jin. II +yY66.rI to play soccer II " ..Ii (f of '1tM) 6
x X
Ww
XiPbKOII Kharkov 12 waut.:3 cap 17
XII."'"" chemist 18 W8.xJ\1aTW chess, chess board 14
xIIMHa chemistry 8 Nrpan a wbMaTw to play chess 14
Xlt1"p6a Khitrov (last name) 2 wen. lumi, WllO, IIIJ11i (past of II/tTH) 12, 15
xlIe6 bread 5 mecll1a/tUllTI> sixteen 16
ltOJtrn (II) to go, attend, walk II U1kTL six 10
ltOKKeM hockey II luKi.41 cupboard, dresser 5
ltonoJl.llwii cold 14 wKOlIa school 6
XO.'10ltIKl lit's] cold 14 lOOtep driver (of ear) 12
xOpOUlHi good 9 lIIjTn. joke 18
ltopomO good, fine. well, nice I
xOTm (irreg pres: xo..y, XO'lClUb, x6'1eT, XOTHM,
XOTlin, xOTn) to want 3-5
xuri: although 14 IUw
XOT. 61.1 even if only 14 Ult! schi (cabbage or sauerbaut soup) 5
XO"ICTC'a [one) feels like 5
xo'fj', XO'letUb, XO'teT, etc. (see xOTtn) 3-5
xy*c worse 16 3 ,
3KJ8MCU examination, exam 7
u" JnCKTpM'ICCTBO lights, electricity 15
Uapa"K"11 Tsarapkin (last name) 2 )Till:: floor, story 12
uae-r color 13 hH these, those 6
uBeTlIoi in color, colored 15 :ITo it, this, that 2
ufflwii entire, whole 18 3TOT, iTa, iTO this, Ihal 7
Qip"OBh, uePKIIM (f) church 15
4. lOOn. skiT! 17
'Iii tea 5 tOpui Yury (George) 16
'Iic hour 10
'1at"l'tlWi private, personal 13
'IaCTU often, frequently 3
'1aWKa cup 8
Ii I I

'1ci, '1ba, '1l>e, '11>11 whose 6
'IMOBe.. person, human being, man 13 1I1':'K language, tongue 6
'1eM than 3 Il~YT Yakut 7
lIj'llIte U03J,UtO, <tCM HHKOJ'JUI better late lhan >1J1Tll Yalta 12
never 3 'W"" drawer, box (wooden) 5
VOCABULARY 475
INDEX
Russian words arc in boldface and English translations in italics. The numbers refer to pages
on which the items arc discussed and drilled. The following abbreviations are used:
,~ accusative mod multidirectional
-
Idj adjective. adjcetival N nOle
,d.
... ..
adverb, adverbial neuter
.ff affirmative ""'. negative, negation, negated
oom nominative
00" a:lII$Onant obj object
conj conjugation pon person. personal
conSlr
d"
construction
dative
p'.
pi
perfective
plural
<1, declension. declensional possessi\'C
demoR$U demonstrative ""'
"'"'""
pdiam
dir obj direct object preposition. prepositional
r feminine ,,=,
,.,," footnote ""
pres-fut present-future
... future
genitive
pro"
m'
m.
pronoun
relkxive
'.
impcr imperative regular
impcrs impersonal singular
indecl indeclinable s ubj subject
inf infinitive .-<1 unidirectional
instr instrumenlal 'Vir' variant
inlerrog
iprv
interrogative
imperfective " ",'
versus
irreg irregular ",wi vowel
m masculine
abbreviations: Byl (BLkUJl:e y..e6Hoe u.e1JltIUte) colfege adjectivC$: dal sg and pi 378-80; fonnation of short-form
. 423 N; decl of abbreviations J IS N, 283 N; rYM adjs ending in --0 from long-form adjs 330-31; hard
(Toc:ynapcrum<wii )1lI'I'lU"prill""W" 1'1"'''''") GUM stems, soft stems, aDd mixed stems defined 275; inSlE
52 N; CCCP (CoN COlIhCIC'IU COlIII&JIIICT...ecxll" sa and pi 4J6...38; m. f. and pi short forms of :Win.
Pen:l'fu-) U.S.S.R. liS N: CIUA (Coe~e fdi.... u0p6_, liOJHII4S-47; n short forms eOOing in-o
Wdl'W A~.) U.S.A. 283 N u.scd in impcrs collStT 322-23; nom. ace. gen, and prep:
lettn! ($ also stress): Il::ffiarks on stress 7-8; U$le of acute II and pi 295-99: nom sg and pi 272-75; that function
to man: stress 5 fn as nouns 63 fn; 275; 438-40
accusative case: acc for gen after neg vbs 247; ace of KTO, adverbs: formation of from adjs 330-31: "'y ys rJti ..:h~r~
..-ro,
and the pcB prons 208-10; acc pi of nouns 243-45: 20 fn; 218-21; placement of before vb 38 N
ace sg of inani.mlC n6Jt- and 0IClI6- nouns 57-58, 96; adverbial: expressions formed by prefixing ao- 375
ao:;: sg of ~ nouns 96; ace sg of .tt1i- nouns 96; alphabet: fonnation of letters 29-32; handwritten 23:
ace S& or nouns 21Q.-13: ace Ig of nouns ending in-. Russian (Cyrillic) and lhe writing system 5-7
and ..... 95-96; dccl or ... and pos:s modifiers 299--302; alternation: in pns-fut of 2nd conj vbs J04-{)5; of stems
dcd or adjs 295-99: primary function of 54: summary in 1$1. pet"S Sf: of vb aUen. /D sa 104-<15; of voiced
of noun endings in ao:;: case 245; U$Ie of ace in time and voiceless consonanlS 39-43
expressions 213 animate (su Q/$tJ inanimate): usc of gen case endings fDr
476 INDEX
ace of aU animate nouns in pI 245: use of gen case feminine (s also gender): JUtip"'- nouns 94; 1rtIa nouns
endmgs for ace of animate cr6JJ- nouns in sg 212 94; grammalJCal gender of noun1 69--70; tdentificallOn
anldc; absence of definite and Indefinite in RUS$ian 10 fn off nouns 10
aspeclS Of verbal aspects (_ also imperfective aspect, firsl conjugation (s also conjugation, verbs): fUI of 6Wn.
perfe<:tive aspect): system of 38 N, 70-71 10 N 215-18; pfy fut of POiTi to go and alliin. to /Db
102-.(13; pfy fut of 000'U. 10 tw obi/! 188-90; pres-fut
bt liWT.. ; fut forlTl$ of 215-18: omission of in pres tense of 1st conj ybs patterned like pa60uTIo and IIIJ.lTli
22N; past forms of 55-57; use of fut forms in building 237-40: pres tense of IIJtni 10 hi! going 14-17,237,
ipfv fut 215-18 MO'II. 10 be ablr 1811-90, pa66TltTl. to work 2S-27, 231:
two-stem 1st conj ybs 263-66: ybs with infs ending in
capital leiters: limited usc: of in Russian 31 fn; not used -nan. 327
for nationalities 88 fn, 211 N first names (s also names): nicknames and vars of fiBt
cardinal numerab: 1-10 200; II!IC of gcn case with numbers nallle1 S2 N. 427 N
26U9 (utun: (s aao impcrfoctive futun:. pcrfe<:tivc futun:. pre-
cue system (_ oao accusative, dative. genitive. instru- sent-future): of _ 6jMT constrs 245--46: ofliWn. /0 M
mental, nominative, prepositional cases): introduclory and formation of ipfy fut 215-18; of iereg pfy yb,ltoin.
remarks on 53-54 10 gi~ 325-27; use of in Russian where English uses
commands (see also imperative): formation of 2nd pen pres or past 314 N
imper 290-95: Ulie ofipfv aspect in neg commands 292:
use of He HiAO in neg commands 352: use of unstressed
suffix ~Te for pi-polite form of 2nd person imper 105 rM VI fly'" ",her/!; 20 fn; in directional (destinational) vs
conjugation Of verb conjugation (s/!/! also first conjugation, locational concepts 218-21
pll:SCnt-future, second conjugation. verb): 1st conj vbs gender or grammatical gender (see also feminine. masculine.
with infs ending in -adin. 327; of 1st conj vbs: 1ClT_ neuter): of nouns 10, 69--70; use of m nouns for both
10 bt goill;g 14-17, 237, MOoI.. and CMOotJ. 10 N abJ/! men and women in professions 427-28 N
188-90: of irrcg ybs: ~n. to girt! 325-27, xonn. genitiYl: case: after preS- 151. 179-82. 182--85, 185-87; for
to "'(lilt 75; of 2nd conj Yb5: ~n1o 10 _ I04-OS, dir obj of neg ybs 246-47: in fut Me 6YAn constrs
215, roeopWn. 10 spulk 4S, 97-98, 105, cmi.mt.-n. to 245-46: in parting wisl'tes 226 fn, 424 N; in past He
h/!ar 45, 302, roeuuin. /0 hurry 43-45, lOS, crosrn. 10 6wJJO constrs 160-63: in pres Hh constrs 158-60: of
Sland 45, 302; of 2nd conj ybs with stem cons changc adjs 295-99: of 1CT6, 'ITO. and pers prons 156-S8; of
in Ist pen sg 213-15: of two-stem 1st eonj ybs 263-66; nouns in pi 240-43, 266--68: of nouns in sg 154-56; of
pres-fut of 1st eonj ybs patterned like pa6Qnll. and 'lei and poss modifiers 299-302; primary function of
lUI'" 237-40: review of 2nd conj ybs 302-oS; usc: of
symbols I and U 109 fn
S4, 156: used with numbers 268-69
go (st!'/! also verbs of motion): ybl; indicating mOllon on
conjunctions: Y5 a I3N foot: uri, IJOi'ni, xo.un. 14-17, 38, 102-03. 2:n N.
consonants (s also alphabet, pronunciation. Yowels): con 237, 269-n: yb5 indicating motion by vehicle: ban_,
sounds VI con IelteB S-9, hard VI soft 3: nC'lltral in JtOb:an., hl1llTlo 256 N. 269-n
tenns of yoicc 40; omission of A and T between cons
in pronunciation 35fn; pronuociation of double 234;
sounds 3-5; yoiced ys yoiceless 39-43, 371. 398-99 handwriting: formation of capital lellers 31-32: formation
Cyrillic Qr Russian alphabet (see also Russian handwriting of small letters 29-31; Russian handwriting system
system): and the writing system 5-7 28-33: summary remarks on 32-33
hard consonants (s also pronuneiation): always pro-
dalive case: in impc:rs COltJltrs )2Q.. 23: of adjs. sg and pI nounced hard 5: and soft sign 10; usc of "hard-series"
378..83: of laO, ...m. and the peB prons 318-20; of yowelletters to indicate hardness of prcoediog con 8..9;
nouns, sg and pi 346-50; of intT. 'tii. and the pass VI soR COIlS 3-4
modifiers 375-78: primary function of 54; with lt8!to ltard sip TWipJlwi WI(: 7 fn; functions of 9-10
it's f1llUswry 350--52; with _j_a ~USJllry 323-2S; hDu: alfycoostrs: in fUI 246. in past 152-53, in pru 150-52;
with preps tit and 110 371-75 neg y constB: in fUI 245-46, in past 160-63, in pres
days of week: 197: Monday considered as fiBt 197 fn )58-{j()
de<:lension (Sl't' also adjectives, nouns, pronouns): four noun
de<:ls 94: introductory remarks on Russian case system
53-54: nouns with de<:l irregularities 412-14; of abbre- HATtt 10 b/! going (Sf'/! also go, yerb5 of motion): past tense
viations II S N, 283 N; of titles of books, movies, 269-72. 352-54: pres tense 14-17
plays 201 imperative (S' also commands): familillT vs pI-polite 2nd
demonstrative or demonstrative pronoun: dat of iTOT peB imper 105-{l6: formation of 2nd pers imper
375-78: demoostr iTOT VI introductory iTo 250; instr 290-95; suggestions that include the spcalt/!T )27..29.
of trOT 406-08; nom. ace, gen, and prep of trOT thu 355-356: usc: of!taUi aDd AWiu in suggestions that
240-SO include the speaker 329, 356
direct object (sn aUo accusative case): occasional use of imperfectiYl: aspect: formation of ipfy fut 215-18: ipfy fut
acc for gen afier neg ybs 247; refl ybs never used with VI pfy fut 218: suggestions that include the speaker
ucc dir obj 382; use of ace to indicate S4, 213: use of using ipfy ybs 355-56; use of in neg commands 292:
gen for dir obj of neg vbs 246-41 use of past ipfv yb in neg answer 10 question using
dire<:tional or destinational: KYIt' "'here (Io) YS rAA .... hert pfy past yb 190: 'is pfv aspect 38 N, 70---71
{all 20 fn: VI locational concepts 218-21 imperfe<:tiye future (Sl't' also fUlure, perfective future):
formation of215-18: Y5 pfy fUI 218
endinp (Sl't' also ca.se system, declension. stems): concept impc:r.;onal constructions: l1SIC of 2nd pees pfv fut vb without
of "zero~ endins 54-5S; m, f, and pi endings of short- pron 230-31 N: Ide of subjectless 3rd pers pi yb
form adjs 4S-47: rcmarb 011 stems and 54-S5 lS6-58; with dat ease 320-23, with short-form n adj
or inf 322-23
familiae (ue also plural-polite): familiar sg TW YS pi-polite inanimate (Sl't' also animate): acc form of inanimate m and
... II fn. 55 fn; 2nd peB sg familiar imper as basic n nouns 57-58: summary of noun ending:o; in acc case
form 29G-9S 245; ys animate forms of aOJl- nouns in acc sg 212
INDEX 477
indedinable nouns; KO+C 62 fn ncccssily or need; dat constrs with "aiIO 350---52: dat constrs
indirect object: usc of dal ease to indicate 54 with Hyum 323-25: use of Uy)l(HO in impcrs inf conslrs
infinitive: in impers constrs 322; in Ha,[lO constrs 350-52: in 325
Hy1KHO <.:onslrs 325: vbs with infs ending in ~'1b: .... 0% negation or negative constructions (see also genitive case):
and eMO'lb 188~90 double neg constrs in Russian 112 N: with snbjs in gen
inserted vowels (Sl't' Illso altemalion. stems): and allerna- \:ilSC: fut 245-46. past 160--63, pres 158--1: usc of gen
lion of stems 124-25; in gen pi of )j(ella~ and OKIIO- for dir obj of neg vbs 246-47
nouns 241-42; in nom sg of "0Jl- nouns 121; inscrled negative commands (see 01.10 imperative. commands): use
vwl e in 11'8 Lev replaced by b in all Oilier forms to of ipfv aspec;t in neg commands 292; usc of HC "allO
preserve softness of JI 130 fn . in neg commands 352
instrumental case: of adjs 436-38: of K'To. 'ITO, pcrs prons, neuter (see also gender): grammatical gender of nouns
and rell pcrs pron ce6li 404-06; of nouns, sg and pi 69-70; identification of n nouns 10; n nouns ending
400-04: of :hOT, oteii, and poss modifiers 406-08; in -!\Ill: 1411111 ,wme and Bpl1l11ll lime 230 N: OKIIO-
primary funetion of 54.400; used in pred with vbs of nouns 94
being and becoming 433-35; with prep c:: 400 nicknames or variants of first name: 52 N, 427 N
interrogative pronouns K'TO and 'ITO: in ace 208-10: in dat nominative case; nom of K'TO and 'ITO 73-74; nom pi of
318-20: in gen 156-58; in instr 404-06; in nom 73--74; nouns 120-25: nom pi of 'leii and the poss modifiers
in prep 133-35 125-27; nom sg and pi of adjs 272-75: nom sg of
intonation: falling in questions with question word 93-94; nouns 10, 69-70, 94; nom sg of ..eii and the pass
falling in statements 92-93: introduclory rcmarks on modifiers 98-101: of pers pmns II, 72-73; of :yr<l'l'
92; review of falling 206--08; review of rising and 248-50; primary function of 54: used when nouns.
rising-falling 235-36; rising-falling in emphatic slate- prons. and adjs cited out of context 10.54
mcnts 177-78: rising-falling in quesliollS 149; tran- nouns: ace pi 243~45; ace sg 51-58.95-96,210-13: dott sg
scription symbols marking end-of-phmse innection 12 and pi 346-SQ; four noun decls 94; gen pI 240-43,
introductory unchanging :ho: 74; vs demonstr :hUT 250 266-68; gen sg 154--56; grammatk<ll gender of nouns
irregular nouns (see aI,\'/) nouns): n nouns MMII nllm'! and 10,69-70; inSIT sg and pi 400-04; neUler nouns ending
BpeMII lim/' 230 N; nouns with decl irregularities 121, in -11111: HMII and BpeMII 230 N; nom case as cilation
125, 256 N, 340 fn, 341 N, 364 N, 392 N, 412-14; form 10, 54; nom pI 120-25; nom sg 10. 69-70, 94;
nouns with expanded SlCms in pi 121. 125 noun stress in dat pI and prep pI alike 350; noun stress
irregular verbs (see also verbs): paSI tensc of vbs based on in dat sg, gen sg and prep sg alike 349: nouns with
IlJlTIi 10 be going 352-54; pres tense of.oTin. 10 wanl decl irregularities 121, 124--25,256 N, 340 fn, 341 N.
75: pfv fut of ain. 10 gi"e 325-27 364 N. 392 N, 412-14: prep sg and pi 127-l; Stress
shift in nouns 135
"j-stem" verbs: pa60TlI.n. 10 work as typical 27; vbs with numerals or numbers: 1-10 200; use of gen case with num-
pres-fut stem ending in con sound [jJ 240 fn bers 268--69
lIy1KeH, lfJ"'Hi, lIyOJK1l() necessary: dat constrs wilh 323--25;
Kymi vs rae wh/'re: directional (destinational) vs locational use of lIy1KHO in impers inf constrs 325
concepts 20 fn, 218-21
object (see also direct object): dal to indicate indir obj 54;
last namcs (see also names): ambiguity of f last names as occasional usc of ace for gen aftcr neg vbs 247; usc of
to marital status 115 N; limllation of in usc of titles ace to indicate dir obj 54, 213; use of gen for dir obj of
rocno/llw and rOCII01K3 115 N: usc of without title in neg vbs 246--47
referring 10 persons 115 N: with adj form 275. 440 obligation (see also ncccssity): aWtlKeH must 142 N; HaaO
lei lIS or leI's: in suggeslions that include the speaker i,'s 'leeessary 350-52
327-29. 355~56 oblique cases: term for gen. dat. prep. and instr cases 302
.1Iu: spec;ial gen pi of ro,'t year used with numbers. advs of
quantity 364 N particle: cooditional particle 6bI (6) 393; question particle
like (be fond ofJ KJliIllll'bCll VS mo6liTb: 230 N. 385 Jill 110; rellexive particle,-<II (-"<b) 380-83
localional: rJte vs ItYlla ",here 20 fn; vs directional (desti- passive voice: use of subjectlcss 3rd pers pI vb 358
national) concepts 218-21 past tense: formation of 76-78: further drills in 190--92;
long-form adjeclives (see al.w adjectives, short-form adjec- of ipfv vb HJlTII /() be going and its prefillcd pfv deriva-
tives): d\1.! sg and pi 378-80; hard stems. soft stems. tives noMni, 3aiiTll, BoiiTli, llpoiini, OO,[loiiTIi, BWifnI',
and milled stems defined 275; inslr sg and pi 436-38 lIepeiini, IIp11iiTJi, 352-54: of vb 6bi'n, 10 be 55-57; or
vb Btlilen. ta see 104-105; of vb I'OBOpMn. /() speak
major segment (see also intonation): introductory remarks 97-98; of vbs 1116'11> and CillO'lL 10 be abl/' 188-90;
on intonation 92: remarks on stress 7-8 stress in past lense 78: stress in past tense of 2nd conj
masculine (see also gender): grammatical gender of nouns vbs 215
69-70: identification of III nouns 10; m nouns ending palronymics (middle name based on father's first name):
in -ll or -II referring to male persons 70; CTOJl- nouns 21-22 N
94; usc of III nouns for both men and women in profes- pen py'lKII and lIep6: 85 N
sions 427-28 N perfective aspect: ipfv fut vs pfv fut 218; perfectivi1.ation
Illotion verbs: uod \IS mod vbs of mOlion 269-72; with two by prefix 110- 443-45: pfv fut of 1st conj vb>' nolini
ipfvs: hrorn. vs e"aT.. 256 N, lfoali..... vs 1I!l'rli 227 N /Q go lind B3m 10 Jake I02....{)3: suggcstions that include
multidirectional "erbs of motion (see motion verbs) the speaker using pfv vbs 327-29; vs ipfv and the sys-
IIIlirKllii lmiK sofl sign: 4 fn; convention of writing b after tem of aspects 38 N, 70-71
hard con w in 2nd pers sg vb 17 fn: functions of9-10 pcrfcetive future (see also future, imperfective future): of
1st conj vbs: roin. 10 gi>'e 325-27. noiiTIi (() go and
KaaO iI's lIecessary: dal constr wilh 350-52: use of ue ..li.Jio Bllln. 10 take 102-03. elll6'lb /() be able 188-90; of lsI
as neg command 352 conj vbs pauemoo like 1lJlTIi: BOiiTIi (() emer, nOJloiini
namcs (see also last names): last names with adj form 275, /() approach, HO,[lOll[JJ.l\Tb 10 wail. IIpMKecni to bring
440; nicknames and vaTS of first namcs 52 N. 427 N: 240; of 1st conj vbs patterned like pa6clTan.; IJOJtjMaTb
patronymics (middle names based on father's firsl /() lhink. lIo6l\JtlITb (() Cal dinaa, CJle.1lllTb to do, PllliTb
name) 21-22 N 10 jind ou' 240: of 2ncl conj vbs: BCTpl1THTb to meet
478 INDEX
305. K}'min. 10 buy 215, ocr'aHn. IV (rove 215, 406--0S. in nom, aee. gen, and prep. sg and pI 299-302.
nouom'n. 10 ph~ 302, DOlHIK6.1.lIrn. 10 inlroJuct' 215. in nom pi 125~27. in nom sg 98-101
enporin. 10 ask 215; of two-stem 1st conj vbs: nonin. pronunciation (sn afsc Russian sound system. consonants.
IV g~t. u6Yn. fO fOrg~/, UKnan. to {)fda-, :saKJIIh~ vowels): of clusters beginning with lellen c and :I
to d()$~ ..I-an. lo ....rite. upi3an. 10 slict'. u..xpWn. 431~33: of clusten with [II or- III 34S; of double cons
to opm, ooe.rJjn. fO send. npoof:Xln. fO QTri~ 263-66; 234; of final dusters wilh [r) or Ir] 317-18; of hard
ys ipfv fUI 218 Irl, [g~ Ixl and son couDlerparts 1\].1&]. h]176~n: of
personal pronouns: dat of rdI pers pron 318-20: dcckn- hard [l] in 51 and soft m in pi of past tense: 76: of
sian: in aee 208-10. in dat 318~20. In gen 156--58. in illltial dusters With [r] or IrJ 289-90; of letter .. as Iv]
instr 404-06, in nom 11.72-73. in prep 133-3S; instr 22 N, 61 fn; of painxl hard and soft cons 3-4: of
of reO pers pron 4()4..()6; reI! pen pron ce6C 228 N rellexh-e particle -CII (-co.) 382; of special cluslers Itil.
p1uralpolite or formal-plural (sa o(w familiar): .,;, vs [ftj, [dt~ [lC}262-63; of CUlA 283 N; of unpaired
familiar sg TW II fn. 55 fn; imper with unstressed hard cons !], 11]. leland unpaired soft cons Itl, I~~ lil
suffix -Tt 105. 291 204-06: of voiced and voiceless cons 39~43. 37l.
possessive modifiers: declension: in dat S8 and pi 375-78, 398~99; of (b) vs [~]118:of[d] vs [4]68-69: of[f] vs [0
in instr s8 and pi 4Q6.-{)8; in nom, ace, gen, prep. s8 148: of [I) vs [II 148: of [m] vs (rp] 119: of [n] vs
and pI 299-302, in nom pi 125~27. in nom sg 98~101; i1;l] 69; of [PJ vs In] 118; of [r] vs If] 92; of [sJ vs
use of Y plus gen as substitute for 182 [~J 91; of [t] vs [\) 68; of [v] VI [yJ 147: of [z] vs
predicate: use of instr case wilh vb! of being and boming ['f] 91; simplification of ccnain con dusters in pro-
433-35 nunciation 35 fn. 364 fn
prefix or prelb:ation: past t~ of prefixed pfv derivatives
of Jl.'{ri to be going 352-54; perftctivization by prefiJ: pa66nln. /0 Ilwk: as typical "j-5tem" vb 27: pres-ful of
110- 443-.4S; use of to distinguish be!lIt"eCn vb ilSpec!S IS! conj vbs pallemed like 237--40; pres tense of2S-27
J8N refle~ive pronouns: rdI poss proo modifieT e.6i 112 N.
prepositional case: of adjs. sg and pi 29S-99; of nouns. 58 299~302; reB pen pron cm 228 N, 318-20. 4(); 06
and pi 127-30; of pen and interrog prons 133-35: reBc:xlW: verbs: aptuT..a.. notrp"~ 10 like 228 fn.
of 'IN and pass modifien 299-302; special prep sg 230 N. 38J-f15: other ref! vbs 380-83. 408~12. 440--43
ending in -1 144 N: primary function of 54: with preps Russian handwriti"8 system: 28-33
I and ID 131-33 Russian or Cyrillic alphabet: and the woting system S-7
prepositions: Ha V$ a in meaning al 13 N. 131-33: Ha vs. Russian sound system: cons 3-5: COlTCSpondancc bclween
in meaning /IJ 58: with aee ease:: , and Ha 57~58, 213. vowel leiters and vowel sounds 23 25; discrepancies
220--21; with dat case: to; and 110 371 75: with gen elise: belween sound systcm and writillg system g 10;
Hl, e, and OT 182~85. Y 151. 179-82, others requiring vowels 3
gen case 185 87; with inst! case: e 400; with prep
case: B, Ha, and 0 (06) 128~33 second conjugation (sec olso conjugation, presem-fulure,
present tense (sn /IISQ aspects, conjugation, verbs): of 1st verbs): pfv fut of.efpCI'''n. 10 meel 305. Il'YIIIITI> 10 buy
conj verbs: aillan. 10 do 240. AY"an. 10 Ihink 240, 215. OCT"'H'I1. 10 Ica.V! 215. 1I0lROHMTI, /0 pirone 302.
WTb to wail 240........ 10 /i,'fI 240. 3Han. 10 knoll' IlOlllaJi.W1n. 10 introdltce 215, mpoc>fn. 10 osk 215:
240. IIJlTli 10 ~ going 14-17. 237, ",6001, 10 be. obit' pres tense of: ,liJItT~ 10 see 104-05. 21S. rOlopwn.
Ig8-9O. 00blan. 10 diM 240. o.......n. 10 expecl 240. 10 speok 45. 97 98, lOS....106Iin. 10 fovt' 215 poaiTb
lIOK}"ni:n. 10 INy 240, DOllIUoIin. 10 undersland 240. 10 rlf/'HSI 302. 305. e:m:awan. /0 ht!UT 45. 302. OloTpin.
pa6OTlln. to M'ork 25-27, 237, cJlju~n. 10 lislen 240. 10 look 305. meuuin. 10 hurry43--45. ""no 10 sland45.
cnpiuJ.-an. 10 ask 240 .-T'n. 10 read 240; of ilTt'g 302: review of 302-05: vbs with stem con change in
vbs: J1u.An. 10 speak 32S-27. xOTm 10 Il'anl 75; of 1st pers sg prcs-ful 213 15
2nd conj vbs: IlIi..'Ien. 10",," 104-05, .._opin 10 speak segment (Sl'l' aw intonatIOn): major segment 7-8. 92
45. 97~98 .III06in. to love 215, llporin. 10 'afUt>SI 302.
305. em.:.wan. 10 hear 45. 302. OtOTJI'in, to look 305.
I:III:I1IIhl. 10 hurry 43-45. 105, crOliin. 10 sland 45, 302;
tives): m. r. and pi forms of UHlIT.
66.ACH 45-47
"4.
short-fonn adjectives (sn aw adjectives., longfonn adjec-
uop6a, lind
of lwostem 1st conj vb!: IIcdn. 10 look lor 263. soft consonants (sn also pronunciation): cons always pro-
ban. 10 be going (by vehicle), IIItC'n to wrile. rulTb nounced soft 5: usc of "soft-seric:s" vowel Ictlers to
10 drink. Tamlfllin. /0 dance 264; usc of gen case,in indicate softness of preceding con 8 9: usc: of sofi sign
pres Hk conStrs 158-60; usc of in Russian whcre Eng- to indicate softness of prcceding con 9~IO: vs hard
- lish uses past tense or pres perfecl 227 N cOnS 3-5
present-future (s~ also oonjugation, perfL"Clivc future, pre- sgft sign 1\fj,'KHi luiK: 4 fn: convention of using aftcr hard
sent tense:. vetbs): comparison betwccn endings of 1st con w in 2nd pen 51 vb 17 fn; functions of 9-10
and 2nd conj vbs 45. 304--305; definilion of 103; of "soli-series" vowel !cllen: functions of 8 9: use: of in
2nd conj vbs with stem con change in 1st pen sg conjugation with hard sign 10
21 J--15; of lSI conj vbs patterned like pa66T11n. 10 ,,_k C>K'IlIIfl1, 10 hurry: as 2nd conj verb model 43-.45
aDd IIJ'ITi to be going 237--40; stress patterns in the stems (~ aw endings. "j-stem" verbs): ahemation of
pres-fut 215, 305 stems in pres-fut of 2nd conj vbs 305; inserted vwIs
pr-ofessions: use of nouns for both men and women in and ahernation of stems 124-25: noun stems ending
professions 427-28 N; use of pronoun n6 when Eng in [jJ in pi 125. 241--42: nouns ..ith expanded stems
lish uses Il'hol an refemnl to one's work 428 N In pi 125: nouns WIth pl stem dlITcrina from sa Slem
proDauns: demonstr pron inn: in dal 37S-78. in instr 121. 124-25.256 N. 266~, 340 fn, 341 N; pres-fut
406-08, in Dam. aee. gen. ilIKi prep 248-SO; function stem contrasted with infpast stem in 1st con; vbs riT..
of rdI pass pron modifier c:a6I 112 N. 302: interrog 10 fr'vt and 'li~ 10 lake 240; pres-fut Slem vs inf-pasl
prons KT6 and 'ITO: in ace 208-10. in dat 318-20, in stem 305: pres tense of vb aadn. 10 gil'('. based on
sen 156-Sg. in instr 404-06. in nom 73~74, in prep stem [daj-] 327; remarks on endings and 54 55: stem
1J3~35; pen prons: in ace 208-10, in dat 318-20, in cons change in lst pen sg of 2nd conj vbs 213-15:
gen 156-58. in inslt 404--06, in nom 11.72-73. in prep two-stem 1st conj vbs 263....{)(j
133~35: placement of obj pron before vb 38 N; refl stress (see also intonation): in past tense 78; in pasllense
pers pron ce6j 228 N, 318-20. 404-06; 'lei and pass of 2nd eonj vbs 215: in short-fonn n adjs and advs
modifiers: in dat sg and pI 375-78, in instr s8 and pi ending in ~ compared with that of long-ronn adjs
INDEX 479
3JO...-31: ncoun stress in dllt sg and pl compared wIth 10 IN goi"8 14-17, 237, to IN obiI' 188--90,
otlla cases 349-50: paltems in pres-fut ofvbs 215. 305: _}1s8.n. to buy 240, _ iin. 10 wrdnSland 240.
remarks on 7- 8: SiCWndary 7-8: stressed rit; Jt) V5 06ban. 10 dull' 240, olllllJdjn. 10 I'X/,' 237. pa66l11Tl>
unstressed Til< lhen 38 N: use of acute a=t to mark 10"'-* 25-27. 237, eJIi-wan. 10 lisl,." 240, eupiilllwun
",
sludy: comparison belween 'Ills )"IIin., y...rn.c., and
10 ask 240, wrin. 10 rNd 240; pres tC'llSl: of irrcg vlll:
Aadn. 10 gllV' 32$-27, xon;l1, to ...'Onl 75; pres tense
latltlMiTl>Cll 423-24 N of 2nd conj vbs: limen. 10 set: 1()4.-()5, 215. fOROpM""
suffixes: pasl tense suffix -J1 76-78: pi-polite suffix -Tt in 10 speak 45, 97-98, m06liTb to love 215, npoctin. /0
2nd pers pi imper 105, 291: usc of -Te with 1st pers r/'qlll's/ 302, 305, em.iwan. 10 hear 45. 302, OloTpin
pi vbs in suggdtions that include the speaker 329 10 10lJk 305, eneuuiTlo 10 hllrry 43-45. 105. CTl)j-n, to
suggestions that include the speaker (sa glso imperntlve. Sland 45. 302; pres tense of two-stem lst conj vb/;:
commands): function of lUIai. and lIadin 329. 356: ban. 10 be toing (by rdtiell') 264. ulfCiin. 10 ....rile 264.
with iprv vtls 355--56; with prv vbs 327-29 mm. 10 drink 264, Heldin. 10 look jor 263. TUQeaiiTlo
surnames (Sft' laSl names) to dmrce 264; rdI vb/; apUtrn.C:Il and ~u.n.n
syllabification of words in Russian: 33 10 like J83-.85; rdI vbs (aU forms): lirill.l:a 10 be afraid
411. aep.-jT...e- (pfv) to retllm 383. ao. . . . . .TIoCII 10
UK {Uk] so V5 Tal( [bk)lhm: diffcreocc in pronunciation rl'lIIrn 382. JKH'O~ (pfv) 10 ~ 10 (l/I Qgrumml
and meaning 38 N 412, l/lHHMiil'bCll to sllldy, OCCIIPY oneself 441. lIlII-
telephone greetings: ways of answering telephone 111 N KOMwn.cw, nOlK.Ko..........c. 10 mt!el 411. "'KTepollaTl,e.
tenses (see also aspects, future. p~st. present): usc of fut in 10 be intf!rl!s/ct/ in 440, KnhloCi to seem 383, lIaY'INn,ell
RUSl;ian where English uses pres or past 314 N: usc of (pfv) to leum 441, 06pani'.'bCli (pfv) 10 COIISUIt 383.
pres in Russian where English uses past or pres pcrft 06pa.uaT...e- 10 ronsull 382, ocTin.n (pfv) to rnnl/;n
227 N 411, opocHyl'w:a (pfv) 10 ...w.e lip 441, apocwniin.cll
time: days 0( week 197; telling on tbe hour 200: usc of ace /0 ...ok~ up 441, oep.a:in.at, p.ettpillhl.ca 10 become
case in lime c:xp~ons 213 OIlKry 3&3. tJ'l)"'Bin.a (pfv) 10 lUJpptll 383. ~n.n
TVp.'tWii:JllB hard sigll: 7 fn; functions 0(9 10 to get rrody 441, eTaJlllB/hloCll 10 sl(l/Id. K~I up 383,
two-stem verbs: pres-fut stem contrasted with inf-pasl stem YAIIA.'rin.n to be surprisM 411. yVn.ao to sludy 441.
in 1st conj vbs lklin. 10 lilY and ullin. 10 lab 240: "oTin.clt to jeel like 411: with infs ending in --"110
two-stem 1st conj vbs 263-66; 1 constructions with gen- 188-90
itive used to express concept 10 haw!: llff constrs: in verbs of motion: u-d vs m-d 269-72; with two ipfvs: elJlllTlo
fut 246. in past 152-53, in pres ISO-52; neg constrs: vs i"lITl> 256 N, "oroin. vs IIJllli 227
in fut 245-46, in past 160--63, in pres 158-60 voiced lind voior::lcs.s consonants: alternation of 39-43:
unvoiciog of ordinarily voiced cons 398-99; voicing of
unidirectional verbs 0( motion: vbs with two ipfvs: UaTlo ordinarily unvoiced OODS 371
V5 blllrn. 256 N.1lIlri V5 xowino 227 N; vs m-d vbs vowels (.see oJso insetted vowels): hard-series" vwllctlCrs
of motion 269-n 8-9; insened vwls and alternatioo of stems 124-25:
unvoiced lH voicekss consonants: alternation of voiced and inscrted vwls in gen pl of .aoi- and 0I0IO- nou.n5
voiceless cons 39-43; unvoicing og ordinarily voiced 241-42; inserted vwIs in nom 5g of CTOJt- nouns 121:
cons 398-99; voicing of ordinarily unvoiced cons 371 reduction ofvwls in unstressed syllables 23-25; sort-
series" vwl letters 8~9; sounds 3; vwl letters vs vwl
verbal aspects (see ulso imperfective aspect. perfective sounds 23-25
aspect): system of38 N, 70-71
verbs (see also aspects. conjugation. tenses): formation of where rAe vs KYAA: 20 fn; in directional (destinational) VI
pasttensc 76-78; fut of 6lfi1o 10 ~ and formation of localional concepts 218~21
ipfv fut 215--18; motion vbs with u-d and m-d ipfvs whoSl'..a, on.i, ..e: in dal sg and pi 375--78; in inslr sg and
227 N. 256 N, l69-n; past ten.sc of 6Wn. 10 IH pi 4CI6-08; in nom, aa:. gen. and prep. sg and pi
5~57; pasl tense 0( lIJJ:ni 10 bt' KOUlf and its prefixed 299-lO2; in nom pi 125--27; in nom 5g 98-101
prv deri....tiYCS 352-54; pfv fut of: Mliri 10 mIn 240. ...;Ih: cxprc:sscd by inslr easoe fonn alone in scnse by mNIIIoj
anphwn. /0 mal 305, .aocrin. 10 tI'l 264. ur..;,TIo 400; exprc:sscd by prep e plus inSIr in sense in aQIfl-
to jorget 264, :lllKWn. 10 ordu 263. ,....-pWn. 10 dosl' paniment ..."h 400
264, to:ymin. to blly 215, H'IIHein. /0 ....rile 264, Ilapelulo word order: placement of adv and obj pron before vb 38 N;
to sliet 263, OCTiRlfrlo 10 leare 215, Ol'KpbtTlo 10 opel! placement of numeral aner noun to express approxi-
264, lIoltollt()uillo to waif 240. 1I0ll.oih:" 10 opf'r()(lch 240, mation 368 N; placement of subj pron before vb in
onttiMan. to Ihink 240. llOlllllKOMHllo to in/rOO/ieI' 215, I~ questions 77 fn; use of gen case aner noun indicat-
/IOl-m to ph()nl! 302, IIOiiTli to go and a:sin. 10 lokI' ing thing possessed 156 ,
102-03. II006ban. fa 1'111 dm-r 240. /IOe.,iin. 10 N1ld wriling system: Russian lH Cyrillic alphabet 57; ways of
263. ""'xan. 10 arri"tP 264, DJIIIII~ni 10 bring 240, exJX'dSing tbe sound til in writing 9. 10, 206 fn
t ..tJgn. 10 do 240. CIrII:liin. 10 soy 263. Cotk 10 bt' obiI'
188-90. mpooln. 10 ask 215. J'lIItn. 10 Ftnd out 240. year r6A: IWO gcn pi fOrm5-------l"O.1M and special form an-
irrq vb.dn. 10 gi"tP 32$-27: p.-e:s tense of lst conj vbs: used with numbers and advs of quantity 364 N
!It.'In. 10 do 240. ~M'n. /0 Ihink 240. -niin. 10 ...'Oit
240 ..m. fO live 240, 264, )1I'n. to know 240. IlJlni 1.o:ro" ending: concept of 54-55; in gen pi 242
480 INDEX

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Modern Russian 1

Library of Congress Cataloging in PubUcation Data

Copyright 1964 by Georgetown University

In February 1960 the University of Michigan sponsored a conference of scholars to "develop

Emma Birkmaier University of Minnaota

Robert L. Baker Indiana University

A lesson consists of the following parts designed to be used as suggested:

The Russ.ian sound system 3

Preparation for Conversation: 19

Preparation for Conversation: J5

4 Preparation for Conversation:

Preparation for Conversation: 83

Preparation for Conversation: 109

Preparation for Conversation: 139

10 Preparation for Conversation:

Preparation for Convenation: 225

12 Preparation for Conversation:

14 Preparation for Conversation:

15 Preparation for Conversation:

16 Preparation for Conversation:

17 Preparation for Conversation:

Preparation for Conversation: 419

The Russian sound system

[mJ moose [m6st, tam]

The Russian (CyriUic) alphabet and the writing system

THE ALPHABIIT TYPICAL EXAMPLES

r r [g) roT6sa, T6ra

E e [el o6tD.. Dena, Te

11 Ii] iii, JKM3, r8A

Aii U] MOM. TaJC6ii, MaiKa, iO.IJ.

KK [kJ Kh, eOlt.ka

MM [m] Mbil, T3.M

00 [oj .nOM, 33.BO.ll.. OO,ltKa

Cc IsJ acWIOI. BaC, Jloaca

TT [I) TaM, npHoeT

Yy [ul trPo. KY.n3, HlO'

Xx Ix] ax, x6noJJ.Ho. xn66

11\ lU [!] mH, OOplU, erne

:3 , [el tro, :TrOT, iTH, no:h

Discrepancies between the sound system

B. Double set of vowel letters in the writing system

HARD SERlES $Off SERIES

HARD CONSONANT PLUS VOWEL SOFf CONSONANT PLUS VOWEL

WlUlTEN 6. 60 6y 6. 6", 6. 6e 6H> 50 6"

WRITTEN cn\. table cr6m. so much

WIUTTEN nOfu:a shelf nOm."a polka

WRJlTEN MOR elK MaC MoeH wr MOJO

'See item 0 below, fOf fuller treatment of this symbol.

2. THE HARD SIGN

PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION

cryll,eHT (stu4ent] student

a (a] and, but. by the way, how about

Ji HJtY [ja idu] I'm going

eme p<b [ji~C6 ras} once again, once more

Boy student and girl student

E. 3 Hh, vet j No, I'm on my way to the post

E. 5 B KJIy6e? fklii~i 1 At the club?l No, there wasn't.

E. 7 EhUlo, bil, I There was, but I wasn't there.

E. 9 Ao cBH,naaH.SI. ddSyidciQjd 1 I'll be seeing you.

H. 10 Ao CBH,aaHHjl. dosyida~j. j Good-bye.

Basic sentence patterns

STRUCTURE AND DRILLS

The present tense of the first conjugation verb lIJ\T1i