Phn 1

V vic hc cao hc v nghin cu khoa hc

Mt s vn v phng php (from talks at HCMUT 2007, ICT-Hanoi 2007, and some writings)
hc tp v nghin cu khoa hc

H T Bo

Japan Advanced Institute Vietnamese Academy

of Science and Technology of Science and Technology

1 2

Bn cht ca o to sau i hc Bn cht ca o to thc s l hc

Bn cht ca o to thc s Bn cht ca o to Chng trnh thc s ph Chng trnh thc s
l hc tin s l nghin cu bin trn th gii ph bin ca ta
Hc l vic chuyn tri thc con Nghin cu l vic tm Hc hai nm vi tn ch Phn ln thi gian cho cc
ngi bit thnh tri thc ca v to ra cc tri thc mn hc trn lp (khong
Nm u ch yu hc cc
20 mn)
cc c nhn hoc t chc. mi v c ngha bi mn cn thit (khong 10
Cha dng h tn ch
i hc: hc cc tri thc chung cc c nhn hoc t mn, phn ln t chn)

chc. t thi gian cho rn luyn
Nm th hai ch yu cho vic
ca ngh; Thc s: hc cc tri v lm lun vn
thc chuyn su ca ngh. rn luyn
Tin s l ngi bit t rn kh nng t hc
seminar, reading, hot ng
Thc s l ngi tinh thng lm nghin cu, v Tiu ch v cch nh gi
ca lab
ngh nghip (master, tude ch yu lm vic cha thch hp (lun
lm ti nghin cu, vit v
nghin cu. yu cu ci mi)?
approfondie). bo v lun vn.

3 4
Bn cht ca o to tin s l nghin cu Some Ph.D. thesis
(Tp ch Tia Sng, 18.10.2007)

i hi c bn Xa iu kin ca B GD-T: Nhn thc ca cng chc hnh chnh v vic sp xp

Bit xc nh c vn 01 bi bo tp ch quc t, mt li b my ca c quan chuyn mn trc thuc y ban
nghin cu c ngha vi bai hi ngh quc t nhn dn cp tnh, thnh ph
Bit gii quyt vn 01 bi bo tp ch trong nc
Bit vit bi v trnh by. Nhn thc ca thanh nin nng thn v cht lng
Rt nhiu lun n lm Thch thc ln!1995-2004: cuc sng gia nh hin nay
ng dng thay v nghin 5259 GS & PGS
Nghin cu nhu cu in nh ca sinh vin
cu c bn hay ng 3236 (800) bi tp ch quc t
Pht huy vai tr ca tri thc ngnh y t Vit
dng
Nam trong cng cuc i mi.
Kt qu ch yu cng
b cc tp ch hay hi Lch s pht trin gio dco to An giang
ngh trong nc. (1975 2000)

(http://vietnamnet.vn/khoahoc/vande/2006/01/532815) 5 http://www.hed.edu.vn/TrangChu/LuanAnTienSi/TomTatNhungDiemMoi/ 6

Chng trnh v sch gio khoa ICT Chng trnh v sch gio khoa ICT
Ton b nhng
th lin quan n Pht trin v bo tr Sinh vin khng ch cn hc nhng th hin nay c bit,
Khoa hc K ngh
tnh ton, t cu
phn mm
cc h thng phn m cn c cch lm sao gi cho kin thc ca mnh c cp
trc my tnh n my tnh mm, cho chng tin
cc h thng (computer (software cy v hiu qu nht. Cc cng c da trn cng ngh thu thp tri thc cn
thng minh, science) engineering) phi tr thnh nhng yu t trung tm ca gio dc cho h, v
ngi my, n
thut ton v l chng trnh cn c xy dng sinh vin hc cch hc *
thuyt tnh ton. Cng ngh (a) Tt c mi
K ngh h thng Cng ngh th
thng tin (b) Cng ngh Kh nng t hc l ct yu
my tnh thng tin Information
information
(computer (information (information
my tnh
vn hnh v
technology
systems
technology
trong ICT
(Cng ngh
engineering) systems technology) pht trin cc thng tin) (Cng ngh h
Ph thuc chng trnh, thy
thng thng tin)
Thit k v technology) h thng
xy dng cc thng tin ca v tr.
h my tnh, t chc (ch computer computer software
Gn gii php ca CNTT vo cc qu trnh kinh
cc h thng trng phn engineering science engineering
doanh, tc nghip qua vic xy dng cc h thng (K ngh (K ngh
da trn my cng ngh) (Khoa hc
thng tin ca t chc (ch trng phn thng tin) my tnh) my tnh) phn mm)
tnh
(hardware)
Computing Curriculum 2005 (IEEE & ACM)
CC 2005: http://www.computer.org/portal/cms_docs_ieeecs/ieeecs/education/cc2001/CC2005-March06Final.pdf * Peril and Promise: Higher Education in Developing Countries, World Bank & UNESCO
Before 1990s, in North America: computer science, electrical engineering, and information systems 7 8
Khoa hc v Cng ngh Nghin cu c bn, nghin cu ng
dng v ng dng?

Khoa hc l vic kho st cc hin tng t nhin v x

hi tm tri thc mi. Nghin cu c bn: Tm tri ng dng: Dng tri thc
Cng ngh l cch dng cc tri thc khoa hc v vt liu thc mi cho cc nghin bit gii quyt cc vn
t mc tiu lm sn phm (technology is not about cu c bn khc hay thc t.
tools, it deals with how humans work, Peter Drucker). nghin cu ng dng Trong ICT
Thay i khp ni Vit Nam trong cc nm 1990s: khoa Gene finding Nghin cu c bn c th
hc khoa hc & cng ngh (Vin KHVN Vin M hnh ngn ng ting Vit nhanh chng chuyn vo
KH&CNVN, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh, etc.) Kernel methods nghin cu ng dng
Khoa hc v cng ngh rt lin quan n nhau nhng l hai Nghin cu ng dng: Tm Nghin cu ng dng c th
th khc nhau. KH-CN ang c dng ln vo nhau nh nhanh chng chuyn thnh
mt n v ca nhn thc (khng lun lun tt).
tri thc khoa hc gii sn phm
quyt cc vn thc t ng dng c khp ni
Vit Nam cn t l khoa hc IC v cng ngh IC bao nhiu?
Dch my Anh-Vit

9
(http://vietnamnet.vn/khoahoc/vande/2006/01/532815) 10

Nghin cu c bn, nghin cu ng Nghin cu cho nhu cu ICT ca

dng v ng dng? Vietnam
Trong khi khng phi mi t nc u cn tin hnh nghin cu Cc lnh vc thit yu ca ICT: nh k thut mng, cng ngh
c bn nhiu lnh vc khc nhau, mi t nc cn phi xem xt phn mm, an ton thng tin, tr tu nhn to, v.v. cng b
cc loi nghin cu khoa hc v cng ngh c th trc tip ng quc t
gp vo s pht trin ca mnh. Cc lnh vc mi, thch hp v trin vng
... C l cu hi cn hi nht l: u l mc ti thiu cc hot ng Tin sinh hc, cng ngh Web, cc loi d liu phc tp ...
khoa hc v cng ngh cn phi c t c cc mc tiu ca thay v cc ch qu quen thuc nh tp m, tp th, c
quc gia? s d liu quan h, ...
Nghin cu c bn bao nhiu phn trm? Vo vn gi? Lnh vc Cc lnh vc cn cho nhu cu Vit Nam v ngi Vit phi
no? nn tp trung cho cc nghin cu lm nn tng cho nghin cu lm, nh:
ng dng.
Hnh chnh in t, h tng c s ICT ... vs. thc ti o
Cn khuyn khch v t chc nghin cu cng ngh
X l vn bn v ting ni ting Vit
cao v u tin cho s ng lm nghin cu ng dng.
Pht hin o vn v c s d liu lun vn

Peril and Promise: Higher Education in Developing Countries, World Bank and UNESCO 11 12
D on gene gy bnh v tin y-sinh H tng c s cho x l ting ni v
hc vn bn ting Vit
Gene
Gene Gene
Gene
Protein SP8.1
SP8.1
Protein Speech
Protein Speech analysis
analysis tools
tools
Protein

SP6.1
SP6.1 SP6.2
SP6.2 SP6.3
SP6.3
Gene Protein Complex disease
Corpora
Corpora for
for Corpora
Corpora for
for Corpora
Corpora for
for
SP1 speech
speech recognition
recognition Speech
Speech synthesis
synthesis specific
specific words
words
Protein 50 putative Apllicationoriented SP3
Gene Protein Protein disease genes systems based on English-Vietnamese
SP7.4
SP7.4
addition to Vietnamese speech SP7.3
SP7.3 translation system
E-V
E-V corpora
corpora of
of
recognition & synthesis Vietnamese
Vietnamese tree
tree bank
bank
3053 known aligned
aligned sentences
sentences
Gene Gene
SP7.1
SP7.1 SP7.2
SP7.2
English-Vietnamese
English-Vietnamese Viet
Viet dictionary
dictionary
dictionary
dictionary
SP2
SP4
Speech recognition SP8.2
SP8.2 SP8.3
SP8.3 IREST: Internet use
system with Vietnamese
Vietnamese word
word
Vietnamese support system
large vocabulary segmentation
segmentation Vietnamese POS
POS tagging
tagging
Metabolomics 1400
Chemicals
SP8.4 SP8.5
SP8.5
SP8.4 Vietnamese
Vietnamese Vietnamese
Vietnamese chunking
chunking syntax
syntax analyser
analyser

Proteomics 100,000 Proteins

SP5
Vietnamese
spelling checker
Genomics 25,000 Genes
13
National project KC01-01/06-10 on Vietnamese Language and Speech Processing 14

Dch my Anh-Vit Hng n cc cng b quc t

Nghin cu cn hng n cng b trn cc tp

ch v hi ngh quc t *
Cn khuyn khch v cao cc nghin cu
cht lng cao, v phn bit gi tr khc nhau
ca kt qu nghin cu (rt cnh tranh)
Cn dy v hc phng php
nghin cu khoa hc
Tng bc t mc tiu trn

15 * Vn ha ngnh trong tiu ch nh gi, http://www.tiasang.com.vn/news?id=1771 16

 Hai loi n phm khoa hc chnh Computer science journal ranking
(Google computer science journal ranking, trch phn AI journals)
Premium: Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence Review, Computational
Tp ch Linguistics, IEEE Trans on PAMI, Robotics and Automation, Image Processing, Journal of
AI Research, Neural Computation, Machine Learning, Intl Jnl of Computer Vision, etc.
Quc t: Google computer science journal ranking
Leading: ACM Trans. on Asian Language Information Processing, AI Magazine, Annals
Trong nc: of Mathematics and AI, Applied Artificial Intelligence, Applied Intelligence, Artificial
Intelligence in Medicine, IEEE Trans on Neural Networks, Speech and Audio Proc,
Hi ngh quc t Systems, Man, & Cybernetics, Part A & B, Intl Jnl on Artificial Intelligence Tools,
Conferences (hi ngh), symposiums, workshop, forums (hi Machine Translation, Neural Networks, Pattern Recognition, etc.
tho), congress (i hi) Reputable: Computer Processing of Chinese & Oriental Languages, Intl Jnl of Pattern
Recognition & AI, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy
Quc t: Google computer science conference ranking
Systems, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Knowledge Acquisition Jnl,
Trong nc: ICT, FAIR, etc. Knowledge-Based Systems, Pattern Recognition Letters, Jnl. of Japanese Soc. of AI,
Intelligent Data Analysis, etc.
Measures: Impact factor, citation Others: Canadian Artificial Intelligence, Journal of Advanced Robotics, Journal of
Artificial Intelligence in Education, Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,
Trong ICT, hi ngh tt c nh gi rt cao (khc vi cc Automation, and Manufacturing, Journal of Computational Acoustics, Journal of
ngnh ton, l, ha, sinh hc, etc.) Computational Neuroscience, Journal of Computational Vision, etc.
Easy: WASET (World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology) , WSEAS

17 18

Computer science conference ranking S bi bo tp ch quc t 10 nm

(Google computer science conference ranking, trch phn hi ngh AI) (made in Vietnam during 1995-2004)
Rank 1: IJCAI: Intl Joint Conf on AI, AAAI: American Association for AI National Areas # papers Res. Institutions Universities Citation avg
Conference, ICML: Intl Conf on Machine Learning, UAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AI, Mathematics 300 144 121 1.4
UM: Intl Conf on User Modeling, NIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, AGENTS: Theoretical Physics 131 100 31 2.4
International Conference on Autonomous Agents [SIGKDD: ACM Knowledge Discovery Experimental Physics 40 16 24 1.6
and Data Mining, ICDM: IEEE International Conference on Data Mining], etc. Technology 42 25 9 0.8
Rank 2: ECAI: European Conf on AI, ECML: European Conf on Machine Learning, GECCO: ICT 38 19 11 1.3
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GP: Genetic Programming Materials Science 36 9 27 1.8
Conference, IAAI: Innovative Applications of AI, ICIP: Intl Conf on Image Processing, Medicine 36 28 8 2.3
ICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern Recognition, ICTAI: IEEE conference on Tools with AI, etc. Chemistry 32 28 4 1.2
Agriculture 23 15 8 1.7
[COLING: Intl Conf on Computational Liguistics, PAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know.
Polymer 19 14 5 1.1
Discovery & Data Mining, PKDD: European Conf Knowledge Discovery in Databases], etc.
Mechanics 17 15 1 2.6
Rank 3: PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AI, AusAI: Australian Joint Conf on AI, etc. Social science 14 12 2 0.2
Unranked Conferences: AAMAS: Intl Joint Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Environmental science 13 13 0 4.1
Systems, NFOVIS: IEEE Symp. on Information Visualization, VIS: IEEE Visualization, etc. Biology 10 9 1 1.3
Not Encouraged (due to dubious referee process): Intl Multiconferences in Computer Earth science 9 8 1 0.5
Science -- 14 joint int'l confs., SCI: World Multi confs on systemics, sybernetics and Pharmacy and drug 1 0 1 4
informatics , SSGRR: International conf on Advances in Infrastructure for e-B, e-Edu and Management science 1 1 0 0
e-Science and e-Medicine , IASTED conferences, CCCT: International Conference on Others 36
Computer, Communication and Control Technologies. Total 798
Source: Phm Duy Hin, http://vietnamnet.vn/khoahoc/vande/2006/01/532815/ (1995-2004: 3236)
19 Nguyn Vn Tun: http://www.tiasang.com.vn/news?id=2166 (1996-2005: 3456) 20
 So snh Thailand & Vietnam em hi ngh quc t n Vietnam
In 2001-2002
Thailand Vietnam Rate (TL/VN)
Rt t ngi t cc nc ang pht trin tham d
# Articles in inter. journals 3103 737 4/1

Made with foreigners (A) 1739 546 3/1

c cc hi ngh khoa hc quc t hng u v ICT
# Citations (A) until 12.2006 13912 4681 3/1
(NIPS, ICML, KDD, IJCAI, )
Made in the country (B) 1364 173 8/1
L do v khng c bi lt vo cc ni ny v khng c
# Citations (B) until 12.2006 5324 323 16/1

Made by universities 1208 69 17/1

tin i (th d ca IJCAI 2007 ti n )
# Articles in Math & Physics 68 104 0.7/1 Hai vn ni cm: no show, plagiarism.
In 2001-2002
Lm sao em c nhiu hi ngh quc t tt n Vit
Chulalongkorn VNU-HN VNU-HCM
Rate (Chula/
VNUHN+VNUHCM)
Nam (PAKDD05, RIVF07, RIVF08, PRICAI08, etc.)?
# Articles 302 25 8 9.15/1
Cn s tham gia vi nhiu c gng,
# Citations 948 63 13 12.47/1
Articles in Math & Physics 15 21 7 0.53/1
chun b v ng gp t Vit Nam.

Source: Phm Duy Hin, http://vietnamnet.vn/nhandinh/2007/01/649976/

21 22

Phn 2 Finding a research topic: first step

Xc nh ti nghin cu The difference between a trivial project and
(Adapted from the lecture of Prof. Duong Nguyen Vu, HCMC, November 2007)
a significant project is not the amount of work
required to carry it out, but the amount of
thought that you apply in the selection and
definition of your problem.

David P. Beach & Torsten K.E. Alvager

Handbook for Scientific and Technical Research,
Prentice-Hall, 1992, p. 29

23 24
Pht biu bi ton Pht biu bi ton
Qu trnh pht biu bi ton bao hm mt lot cc
L bc u tin ca mi ti nghin cu.
hnh ng lp:
Ni chung, ci kh nht ca qu trnh ny l
Original problem
im xut pht: original idea/topic.
Decision on
the problem
Discussions:
Thng thng, ch nghin cu c gi
modified problem bi thy hng dn hay ph trch ti:
thng c chn trong s cc bi ton ang
Bibliographic literature c kho st ca nhm hay phng th nghim.
Search or public ?
D th, tng khi u thng cn cha r
Finalize problem
hoc cn th cn pht trin v ch bin.
Research Planning

25 26

Nghin cu mt vn nghin cu Lm mn mt ti nghin cu

Cc ti qu m h hoc cha chnh xc i hi
Mt ti ca lun vn tin s hng n: mt khi lng ln cng vic.
Pht trin mt l thuyt mi, mt hnh thc ha mi,
hoc
Theo ngn ng ton hc, mt bi ton c th c
nhiu li gii c gi l ill-posed problem.
ng gp vo mt l thuyt hoc hnh thc ha tn
ti.
Problem Space Solution space
Mt ti lun vn thc s hng n:
Vic tinh thng cc tri thc v k nng ca mt lnh
vc trong mt ngh (if going to industry)
Rn luyn kinh nghim nghin cu (if going to doctor Constraints
course)

27 28
 Hypothesis
Gi thuyt th hin cc thnh phn ca mt bi ton
nghin cu.
Do vy, cc gi thuyt xc nh tp cc th nghim,
chng minh cn lm trong qu trnh nghin cu.
Trong thc t, mt ti nghin cu thng cha ng
nhiu gi thuyt cha bit.
Trong qa trnh nghin cu, ngi lm nghin cu cn
lm sng t cc gia thuyt cha bit ny vi cc minh
chng hoc chng minh khng th ph nhn c.
Cc gi thuyt cn c thit lp r rng (well-posed.)
Hypothesis Validating a Theory
Kim chng v phm vi m rng (extended scope):
Mi l thuyt thng ch ng dng vo c mt s
tnh hung hay iu kin hn ch. L thuyt ny c th
tr nn honh trng (powerful) hn nu n c
chng t c th p dng vo nhng tnh hung khc.
iu ngc li s cng c thm cc gii hn ca kh
nng ng dng ca l thuyt.
Kim chng v cc gii hn ca kh nng ng dng:
Th d: l thuyt tng i ca Einstein khng lm sai
lch c hc Newton. L thuyt ny ch m t cc gii
hn trong l thuyt ny c th p dng c.
Results of a Hypothesis
Cc gi thuyt quy nh th nghim cho mt l thuyt
nhm khng nh hoc ch ra s hn ch ca cc
kt qu c bit c thit lp t l thuyt cn phi
c kim chng theo mt trong 4 cch sau:
i vi mt phm vi m rng ca l thuyt
i vi cc gii hn ca kh nng ng dng ca l thuyt
i vi chnh xc c ci tin ca l thuyt
i vi s nh gi hiu lc (validation) ca cc gi thit c
bn ca l thuyt.
29 30
Hypothesis Validating a Theory
Kim chng vic ci tin tnh chnh xc ca l thuyt
Cc l thuyt thng l s tng qut ha ca cc hin tng
quan st c, qua cc o khch quan c c t s phn
tch trc cm (heuristics).
Tng qut ha v tnh ng dng thng khng lun lun song
hnh.
chnh xc ca l thuyt lun c mong mun.
Kim chng vic khng nh hoc ph nh cc gi thit c bn
Liu gi thit ranh gii (baseline assumption) c ng khng? Ti
sao?
Mt l thuyt c th tr nn k cc (ridiculous) nu cc gi thit
c bn khng c gi tr khoa hc hoc khng c tnh thuyt phc
vi cng ng khoa hc.
C th c xung t khoa hc (Scientific Warfare!!)
31 32
 Xc nh ti nghin cu
Thng c mt vi cch nhn su hn v ti khi bt u
lm nghin cu:
Phc tho mt tn ngn gn ca nghin cu: da trn gi thuyt
ban u hoc tn cng vic. Ch n s tin ha ca gi
thuyt hoc tn cng vic.
Mt chin lc khc pht trin ch l t cho ti mt
cu hi ngn (dng cu hi ca gi thuyt).
Tip cn Newtonian Li khuyn thc tin:
Vit ra nh Nghin cu ca ti l v ; Trnh dng mt ngn ng
phc tp v uyn bc.
Phc tho ra cc tn khng di qu 12 t, b i hu ht cc mo t
(articles) v gii t (prepositions), v m bo rng tn ny tp trung
c vo ni dung chnh ca nghin cu.
nh ngha cc t trong gi thuyt hoc tn cng vic
Qu trnh ssnh ngha cc t ny cn gn vi kho st ti liu.
Tm kim t liu
Tm kim ti liu cho php bit nhng tri thc v lnh vc
(domain knowledge), v cc nghin cu lin quan v ln
c mt bc tranh theo thi gian cc nghin cu v ch .
Cn nhn r l yu t ct t ca nghin cu l tri thc tm ra
c phi mi hoc u tin (must be new or original.)
Mt nghin cu ch tm ra kt qu c cgn ng bit t
trc, v ch c ch cho mt ngi hoc mt nhm nh, s
khng c gi tr nh mt nghin cu.
C nhng nghin cu b gin on trong nhng bc u
bi nhiu l do khc nhau, nhng phn ln cn li b ngng
v ti nghin cu khng thuyt phc. Cng khng hn l
bt thng nu tip tc trin khai ti ny sau vic kho st
k t liu.
Kho st ti liu
Vic kho st ti liu gip ngi nghin cu thu hp phm vi
ca vic tm hiu v chuyn tm quan trng ca vic tm hiu
ti ti ngi c.
Kho st ti l mt phn khng th thiu ca vic la
chn/quyt nh ti nghin cu.
Cn xem xt liu ti c th v cn phi kho st.
Phi xc nh c mt ti ban u (bi ngi lm nghin cu
thay v ngi hng dn).
Kho st ti liu lin quan vic i thoi khng ngng vi t liu v
ti, lp nhng ch trng v hiu bit v m rng nhng iu
bit.
Cung cp mt sn lm vic thit lp tm quan trng ca nghin
cu cng nh mt chun so snh cc kt qu c vi nhng
pht kin mi.
33 34
Cc bc kho st t liu
A literature review for a proposal or a research study means
locating and summarizing the studies about the topic.
Step 1: Bt u bng vic xc nh cc keywords cn thit
tm kim ti liu. Cc t kha ny c th ny sinh khi xc
nh mt ti.
Step 2: Tm kim ti liu trong cc c s d liu ca th vin
(library databases) vi cc t kha xc nh.
Step 3: Th tm khong 50 reports and articles (or books)
lin quan n ch nghin cu. Sp xp cc t liu ny
theo th t u tin.
Step 4: c nhanh cc ti liu chn lc vi tp trung v cc
abstracts and core results thu c cm nhn liu cc ti
liu ny c em ti mt ng gp c ch cho vic hiu ti.
35 36
 Cc bc kho st t liu Using the Internet
Step 5: Vi mi ti liu c chn, vit ra maximum 10 lines m t bn
hiu ti liu ny th no, tc vic hiu v ng gp ca ti liu i vi Internet khng phi l mt th vin
ch nghin cu.
Books and journals trong mt th vin u c
Step 6: Thit lp mt literature map, tc mt bc tranh v cc t liu
nghin cu v ch . Bc tranh ny cung cp mt phng tin t ngi chu trch nhim v nh xut bn.
nghin cu ca bn vo trong mt ton th ln hn cc t liu v ch . Bt k ai cng c th a bt k th g ln
Step 7: Cng lc vi (6), bt u phc tho cc summaries ca cc bi Internet.
bo lin quan nht khi dng cc kt qu ca bc (5). Cc tm tt ny
c kt hp vo cc kho st t liu cui cho xut nghin cu. Ch Cn ch n s ng tin ca ngun ti liu (cp
m bo c cc ti liu tham kho chnh xc. bi cc vin, cc t chc t nhn c uy tn, cc c
Step 8: Tho lun vi peers and supervisors v nghin cu ca bn; hoc quan chnh ph, etc).
lp qu trnh ny hoc cui cng lp rp cc ti liu c kho st sao
cho chng c t chc hoc cu trc bi cc khi nim c cp. Cn phn bit phn bit ci hay ci d trn
Kt thc vi mt tm tt cc ch chnh tm c trc khi gi xa hn Internet (to separate the wheat from the chaff).
cc ch nghin cu cn thit.

37 38

Hng dn nh gi thng tin (1) Hng dn nh gi thng tin(2)

Ref. Elizabeth Kirk (2002) - Johns Hopkins University Library Web page
www.library.jhu.edu/elp/useit/evaluate/index.html LIN KT T LIU (CONNECTION TO THE LITERATURE)
NGUN GC TC GI (AUTHORSHIP) C cc ti liu tham kho ti cc cng trnh trong lnh vc khng?
Tc gi c l ngi ni ting? C cc l thuyt thch hp c tho lun?
Nu khng, cng trnh ca tc gi ny c c trch dn bi cc tc gi
ni ting khac? Cc tranh lun c c tha nhn?
Nu khng, liu bn c th tm thy thng tin t liu s tin cy ca tc
gi?
TNH THM TRA C (VERIFIABILITY)
NGUN GC NI XUT BN (PUBLISHING BODY) C thng tin cho php bn kim chng phng php?
Ai l ngi ti tr cho web site?

TNH THI GIAN (CURRENCY)
Trang Web c phi ca mt t chc c uy tn? Thng tin c trn cc
trang Web c nhn cn phi xem nh ng ng (considered highly C khng mt ngy trn ti liu cho php bn nh gi v thi
suspect.) gian ca thng tin?
QUAN IM (POINT OF VIEW)
Liu t chc ti tr trang Web c mt quan im? SEARCH ENGINE
Note: Cn xem thng tin ca cc cng ty kinh doanh gn vi qung co Search engine xc nh th no th t cc hits?
Cn c bit cnh gic vi thng tin cung cp bi cc nhm lut s Some search engines bn ch cho nh qung co. Bn thy
(advocacy groups.)
search enngine xc nh th t thng tin tm c th no?

39 40
nh gi tnh kh thi (1) nh gi tnh kh thi (2)
Nu c may ca thnh cng v tht bi ca mt kho Tnh sn sng ca d liu c bn: Liu bn c
st c th tin liu c (anticipated) mt mc kh th c nhng d liu c bn cn thit?
chnh xc trong giai on xc nh nghin cu, ta c Quen thuc vi d liu th,
th trnh c cc n lc v ch. Ngun d liu,
Tnh kh thi ca mt vn nghin cu c th c Phng php thu thp d liu,
nh gi di nhng gc sau: Yu cu cho cc trang b c bit,
Lnh vc kho st: ti nghin cu l pht trin ca mt Thao tc trn cc thit b
qu trnh suy ngh, mt tng, hoc ca c hai? u l
cc lnh vc khoa hc ca ti? Bn c tri thc
nh gi kh nng: u l lnh vc khoa hc v
nh gi ti? cng ngh th nht, th hai cn thit cho vic tm
Vn nghin cu: Liu chng ta c th minh hc ch kim gii php? Liu ta c kh nng tin hnh
nghin cu bi mt m t n gin di dng mt cu hi? nghin cu trong cc lnh vc ny?

41 42

Tiu chun quyt nh Tiu chun quyt nh

Tiu chun chnh: Cc tiu chun khc:
Timing : ti c hot khng?
Ham thch c nhn: ti nghin cu phi kch
Originality: c ai lm cha?
thch tr tng tng v sng to. Ngi nghin
cu cn phi be in. Solidity: xut nghin cu y cha? C
mu thun g khng?
Kch c ca nghin cu: ti nghin cu cn
Utility: Phm vi ca nghin cu l g? C ch li
phi qun l c.
khng? Dng cho ai? Cc lnh vc ng dng l gi?
Kh nng ca nhm nghin cu Morality: C vn g v o c khng?
Trin vng ca tnh mi m Feasibility: Nhng rng buc i cng l g?
Thng tho cc lnh vc lin qaun ch nghin Human Resources? Time?
cu. Financial Resources? Cost?
Availability of initial data?

43 44
Phn 3 Research isnt just research
Ai quan tm n vic bn lm nu bn khng bao gi
Trnh by v gii thiu kt qu ni cho h bit?
Bn cn phi gii thiu tng ca mnh nhiu dng
nghin cu:
khc nhau:
Papers, Talks, and Chats Lin kt mng vi cc bn b

Vit v gi bi ti cc workshops, conferences, and

(from tutorial of Prof. Marie desJardins (University of Maryland)
ICML/KDD 2003
journals
Gii thiu cc bi bo workshops and conferences

t chng ln mt website c th nhn mnh diu

bn quan tm v hot ng nghin cu

45 46

Networking Networking II
Meet people! Gip cho c mt mc tiu: Bn cn chun b tm tt c nghin
Xem xem h ang lm nghin cu g

cu ca mnh
Ni vi h bn ang lm g
Tm mt lnh vc c chung quan tm Cn sn sng gii thiu ch lun n trong
Hc cch nhn nhn v cc phng hng tng lai ca vng 1 pht, 5 pht, v 15 pht
h
Tho lun mt hng nghin cu mi hoc ti mi Tng t vi cc lai ti nghin cu khc
Bn thu c g t giao tip ny?
Cn bit phn bit r ng gp ca ring bn,
H thu c g?
ca thy hng dn, v tng t cc nghin
Nu bn bit hai ngi bn, v h bit hai ngi cu trc .
bn khc, v nhng ngi bn ny bit hai ngi
khc, Bn s sm quen bit rt nhiu ngi! Thc hnh vi cc sinh vin khc!

47 48
 Writing and submitting papers Writing papers: Strategy
i vi masters thesis, cn phn u c t nht
Trc ht, quyt nh xem np bi vo u
mt bi bo hi ngh good conference vo lc
Bn c th khng kp np bi ng hn, nhng vic c mt
tt nghip deadline l lun cn thit
i vi doctoral dissertation, cn phn u c vi Hai n bn thng lun l thi hn tt k hoch
bi hi ngh tt v mt bi tp ch Tip theo, quyt nh xem ni g
Vit nhng bi bo ny l mt thc hnh ln cho tng chnh l g? pht trin chng cha?
chnh lun vn ca mnh (v bn c th dng li Kt qu chnh l g? thit k v chy cc th nghim cha?
phn tch d liu cha?
cc vt liu ny!) Cc nghin cu lin quan chnh l g? Bn a c v c cc bi
Np bi u? nay cha? Liu bn c th tm tt chng?
Nhn danh sch cc n phm ca nhng ngi lm nghin Now get started on the work you need to do to fill in
cu lin quan, v c cng b ca h the missing holes! (You can write in parallel)
Cng b cc hi ngh c nhng bi hay nht

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Writing papers: Design Writing papers: Tactics

Abstract tm tt research contributions, khng phi tm tt bi bo (i.e.,
khng th l dn ca bi bo)
Introduction/motivation nhng g bn lm v ti sao ngi c cn
quan tm,
tm cng thm dn ca bi bo
Technical sections mt hoc nhiu sections tm tt v gii thiu cc
tng nghin cu bn pht trin
Experiments/results/analysis mt hoc nhiu sections gii thiu kt qu
thc nghim
Future work tm tt nhng g bn d nh lm v nhng cu hi m cn
cn phi tr li.
Conclusions nhc li nhng g lm v ti sao chng quan trng
Related work i khi vit ngay sau phn introduction, i khi vit trc phn
conclusions (ph thuc chng mc no vo liu vic bn lm da trn nghin
cu trc kia, hoc ph nhn chng)
Top-down design (outline) rt quan trng
Cc gch u dng c th gip bn nhn r cu trc bi vit
Tr khi bn l ngi rt ti hay rt nhiu kinh nghim, bn cn
thit k cn thn trc khi bt tay vo vit bi
Neatness counts! Kim tra spelling, grammar, consistency of
fonts and notation before chng n vi mt ngi khc
Nu ngi nh gi rt ch n cc li typos ca bn, h c th
b st nhng g hay ca ni dung
Dnh thi gian kim tra!
Fellow students, collaborators, advisors,
Mt bi bo c vit khi gi bi ... Nhng thng cng khng
hn ch khi ny.

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Authorship
Who should be an author?
Nhng ngi c ng gp ng k vo vic pht trin cc ni
dung bi bo hoc vit bi bo
Khng nht thit cn c tn ngi c gp , m ha, chy th
nghim
What order should the authors be listed in?
Nu c nhng tc gi ng gp nhiu hn ngui khc v vic
pht trin ni dung v/hoc vit phn ln hay tt c bi bo, h
phi uc k ln trc
Nu ng gp l nh nhau hoc tc gi cng vic trong mt
nhm, tn nn vit theo th t ABC
i khi nn c thm ch thch The authors are listed in
alphabetical order
Giving talks II
Cn bit ngi nghe l ai
ng ph thi gian v nhng th c bn nu bn
ang ni vi nhng ngi ang lm cng ngh
Thm ch vi nhng ngi ny, cn chc l bn
gii thch nhng khi nim mi mt cch r rng
Mt khc, bn s mt ngi nghe khng cng lm
ngh nu khng cung cp nhng kin thc c bn
Trong mi trng hp, iu quan trng nht l
cn nhn mnh what youve done v why they
should care!
Giving talks
Cn bit bn c ni bao lu
Thi gian ni l bao lu? QA c bao gm trong thi gian ?
S rt tt nu mi slide c ni trong vng 2-3 pht
Nu bn c qu nhiu slides, bn phi b qua mt s, thm ch
d hn l phi b ht phn cn li v ht gi. Hy trnh cc tnh
hung ny!!
Bn khng bao gi c thi gian ni mi th v ti, do vy
ng bn khon nu phi b qua mt s ni dung!
Tr khi bn l ngi ni rt nhiu kinh nghim, bn cn phi
thc hnh vi vic tnh n thi gian:
A couple of times on your own to get the general flow
At least one dry run to work out the kinks
A run-through on your own the night before the talk
53 54
Giving talks III
Bit r bn mun ni g
Ch nu ra mt tm tt ca ti s chng c g thch th vi hu
ht ngi nghe.
Bn cn nu chi tit ngi nghe ch n tng ca bn
(v ch ra bn thc lm g, nhng khng cn qu chi tit)
H mun nghe what you did that was cool v why they should
care
Thng thng, h thch nghe hai iu trn khi bt u, trong qu
trnh, v phn cui ca trnh by.
Nu ngi nghe thch, h s hi hoc c bi bo
Trong mi trng hp, khng c ch c cc slides!
Bo co hi ngh l k mt cu chuyn
55 56
Preparing slides How to give a bad talk
Advice from Dave Patterson, summarized by Mark Hill
Dont just read your slides!
Use the minimum amount of text necessary 1. Thou shalt not be neat (r rng)
Use examples 2. Thou shalt not waste space
Use a readable, simple, yet elegant format 3. Thou shalt not covet brevity (mun s ngn gn)
Use color to emphasize important points, but 4. Thou shalt cover thy naked slides (tr tri)
avoid the excessive use of color 5. Thou shalt not write large
Hiding bullets like this is annoying (but 6. Thou shalt not use color
sometimes effective), but
Abuse of animation is a cardinal sin! 7. Thou shalt not illustrate
8. Thou shalt not make eye contact
Dont fidget, and
9. Thou shalt not skip slides in a long talk
Dont just read your slides!
10. Thou shalt not practice
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Some useful resources Phn 4

Writing:
Lynn DuPre, Bugs in Writing Mt vi kinh nghim c nhn
Strunk & White, Elements of Style (from what I have discussed with students from Vietnam)

Giving talks:
Mark Hill, Oral presentation advice
Patrick Winston, Some lecturing heuristics
Simon L. Peyton Jones et al., How to give a
good research talk
Dave Patterson, How to have a bad career in
research/academia

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English pronunciation Research proposal (typically in Japan)

Usually do not pronounce vowels Objectives

What to do clearly
Examples

Its significance
book vs. books
Background and research context
Text mining vs tech mining
Who are doing similar research, related research?
Adapter [a-da-pu-ta]
What are approaches to solve the problems?
She asks me if I can fly to the moon
Your critical view on the related work
Methodology and plan
What could be the key idea of the solution?

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If I may give an advice to students

To be self-confident

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