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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA 1. Report No.
- _ _ T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
_, I
3. Recipient's Accession No. , ~ .
SHEET
1. AFML-TR-68-115 ,,
4. Title and Subtitle
s. Report Date Date ot
Aerospace Structura l Metals Handbook Issue - January 1972
6.
7. Author(s) Chief Technical Editor - W. F. Brown, Jr., NASA, 8. Performing Organization Rept.
Lewis Research Center No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/ Work Unit No.
Mechanica l Propertie s Data Center AF Project 1f:8975
Belfour Stulen, Inc. 11. Contract/Gra nt No.
13919 West Bay Shore Drive F33615-70 -C-1152 and
Traverse Citv Michigan 49684 DSA900-72-C-0787
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period
Air Force Materials Lab. Defense Electroni cs Supply Center Covered
Wright-Pa tterson AFB 1507 Wilmingto n Pike Handbook, updat~~
Ohio, 45433 annua 1.lv
Dayton, Ohio 45401 14.
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?ublishod for tho Department of Defense
Complete coverage on available alloy properties and handling
characterist ics. The data for each alloy are presented
according to'a definite alloy property code system designed for
the purpose of this Handbook. The Handbook is .
published for the Department of Defense and is kept up to
date and abreast of current developmen ts by the
Quarterly Revision Service. This. comprehens ive 4 volume
metals library NEVER becomes obsolete.
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l,~ 2 f~ 1072
8
1972 PUBLICATION
(with 1971 Supplement IV incorporated)
=====~============================-~&'=7~:--
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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
TECHNICAL MONITORING BY
AIR FORCE MATERIALS LABORATORY
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE. 01-110
NOTICES
When Government drawings, specificati ons, or other data are used for any
purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Governme nt pro-
curement operation, the United states Government thereby incurs no re-
sponsibilit y nor any obligation whatsoeve r; and the fact that the Govern-
ment may have formulated , furnished, or in any way supplied the said
drawings, specificati ons, or other data, is not to be regarded by implica-
tion or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other per-
son or corporatio n, or conveying any rights or permissio n to manufactu re,
use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
PRODUCED BY
COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS
THE HANDBOOK WAS ORIGINATED AND DEVELOPED THROUGH 1967 BY SYRACUSE
UNIVERSITY WITH COOPERATION AND CONTI!lBUTIVE EFFORT FROM INDIVIDUAL,
CORPORATE, AND GOVERNMENT SOURCES. THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DATA
CENTER, IN ASSUMING MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONTINUATION
OF THE HANDBOOK, IS INDEBTED TO THESE CONTRIBUTORS.
Allison Division, General Allegheny lAldlum Steel Corp. Armco Steel Corporation Boeing Company
Motors Corporation G. N. Aggen (Baltimore, Maryland) E. E. Bauer
D. K. Hanlnk A. G. Cook H. \V. Gs.rvln Ill. A. Dlsotall
P. E. Hamilton R. L. Cook K. L. White c. G. Tiffany
R. H. Kaltcnhlluser R. I. Psyck
. R. A. lAlla T. E. Molnar Brush Beryllium Company
T. T. Magel B. King
Alloy CaBling Institute J. R. Miller
E. A. Scboefer J. L. Nock Army Materials and Mechanics Cannon- Muskegon Corporation
Research Center A. Dykema
J. 1. muhm S. Morykawas
F. R. Larson
Allvac Carpenter Stoel Company
Aluminum Association T. E. Williams, Jr. c. Brumbach
P. V. Mara D. Enkerud
Babcock and Wilcox Company
Armco Steel Corporation R. C. Angell Cleveland Refractory Metals
J. N. Barnett J. W. Spelman
L .1.'. Logby
Aluminum Company of America M. Marshall The Bendix Corporation
M. Holt D. C. Percy J. L. Beaten Cllmax Molybdenum Company
L. W. Mayer D. L. Frisby J. A. Gr<XIrlan J. Z. Briggs
l'.:
Cobalt In!ormatlon Cf..'llter
Battelle Memorial Institute
F. R. Morral
Imperial Metal Industries, Ltd.
Birmingham 6, England
T. E. Green
North American Rockwell Q-;p.
p. s. Maynard
Timken Roller Bearing Company
E. S. Rowland
C. P. Weigel
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FOREWORD
The contract for continuing assimilation and presentation of data for the Handbook
was awarded to the Mechanical Properties Data Center at Belfour Stulen, Inc., in
September 1966 .
The first supplement to the Handbook AFML-TR-68-11 5 was compiled under USAF
Contract No. F33615-67-c-12 54by the Mechanical Properties Data Center, Belfour
Stulen, Inc.
This Handbook is subject to periodic expansion and revision. The editors would be
grateful for comments, suggestions or criticisms from those who utilize the docu-
ment.
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Chief, Materials Bran.ch
; i-:i Materials Support Division
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AF Materials Laboratory
The "1970 Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook", up-dated with the insertion of
Supplement II, now contains physical, chemical, and mechanical property infor-
mation on 187 metals and alloys of interest for aerospace structural applications.
The present Handbook AFMlrTR-6 8-115 consists of three volumes as follows:
vi
4:1 1970, :; .;:rour Stu len, Inc.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The edito:r:~l staff is indebted to the many persons who have contributed
to the generation of tba Handbook. Contributions to the present edition
are acknowledged. on the contributors' page. Acknowledgment is also made
to the many i."ldividu::tls and organizations that participated in generating
the first edition of the Handbook entitled "Air Weapons Materials Appli-
ca.tion Handbook-Metals and Alloys", (ARDC -TR-59-66), and its supple-
ment (AFSC Supplement I to ARDC-TR-59-66). Their names appear on
the contributors' page of the respective editions.
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vii
C 1970, Belfour Stulen, loc.
CONTENTS
APPENDICES
A
ABBREVIATIONS
TERMS B
GLOSSARY OF HEATING AND HEAT TREATING
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
c
D
CROSS INDEX OF ALLOYS
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X
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INTRODUCTION
The Handbook was formerly produced by Syracuse Univerisit y and is now pre-
pared and updated by the Mechanica l Properties Data Center. The Data Center,
operated by Belfour Stulen, Inc. , Traverse City, Michigan for the United States
Departme nt of Defense is one of several Informatio n Centers under contract with
the Air Force Materials Laborator y, Wright-P attersonA ir Force Base, Dayton,
Ohio 45433. Chapter revisions and additions are now released quarterly in an
annual supplemen t form by the Mechanica l Properties Data Center. Single chapter
copies are distributed exclusivel y by Materials Engineerin g, Reinhold Publishing
Corporatio n. Holders of Handbooks may determine the revision status of their
volumes by comparing them with the latest tables of contents .
3
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4
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Forces and industry In this country and this system Is 2. 015 Specifl. heJ't. :he English units used In thia document are
followed here, Where several such units exist, those ~u p.:r (',!:. Fj.
standardized by the American Society of Mechanical 2. 016 Thern:lll 1iffuslvlty Is defined as thermal conductivity
Engineers have been preferred, and their abbreviations divided ,,., :.:enslty and heat capacity, where heat capacity
have been used. A Symbols and Technical Abbreviations Is usually taken as the value of specific heat at constant
list Is given In Appendix A. Unfortunately, most reports pressure. The units employed here for thermal diffuslvlty
of physical properties do not give the form and condition are tt 2/hr.
of the material. This may explain part of the differences
between the published values for certain properties. 2, 02 Other Physical Properties
When values of physical properties are given without Under this heading all properties are assembled e:ccept
mentioning the test temperature, the values apply to room thermal, chemical. nuclear and mechanical.
temperature. In some cases the determination of this 2. 021 Density Is given, as the only exception, In both British
property requires measurements at two or more tempera- units and In metric units, since both are widely used.
tures (e.g. thermal expansion). These temperatures, 2. 022 Electrical resistivity Is another property reported In a
unless otherwise indicated, are room temperature and large variety of units. The unit used here Is microhm-ln.
212 F, or In the range from room temperature to 212 F. 2. 023 Magnetic properties. Only limited Information on the
Usually, the difference In values for any one temperature magnetic properties of the various forms and conditions,
In this range Is less than the uncertainty of the value Is presented here.
Itself. 2. 024 Emissivity. The term emissivity Is reserved for the case
of an opaque material having an optically smooth surface,
2. 01 Thermal Properties and Is defined as the limiting .value of the emittance of the
Thermal properties of metals Include the melting range, body as the surface Is made more and more optically smooth.
phase changes, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, Thus, for an opaque body the emissivity Is the lowest limit
specific heat, and where available, diffuslvlty and dimen- of Emittance, (5).
sional changes on heat treating. 2, 0241 Emittance Is defined as the ratio of the rate of radiant
2. 011 Melting range of many alloys Is not well known and the emission from a body, as a consequence of its temperature
values given are generally only approximate, The upper only, to the corresponding rate of emission from a black
value as a rule relates to full melting (liquidus) and the body at the same temperature. This ratio c:nnot exceed
lower value to the beginning of melting (solidus). The 1.0.
Actual beginning of melting may be Important, as It deter- 2. 0242 Radiancy Is defined as the rate of radiant energy emission
mines the maxim urn temperature to which the alloy may from a unit area of a source In all the radial directions
be heated without damage. However, It Is frequently not of an overspreading hemisphere. Some authors report
well known because of the great Influence of small changes radiancy data as emissivity data.
In composition. 2. 0243 The majority of data presented herein are obtained from
2. 012 l'hase changes occur In nearly all commercial alloys. various types of emittance measurements and are reported
The phase change reported under this heading Is transfor- as hemispherical, total, normal or spectral emittance as
mation of the matrix, I. e. of the r.lajor phase of the alloy, a function of temperature. For further Information on
from one crystal structure Into another. The most common this subject, see Ref. 5.
and significant transformation Is that of all ferrltlc steels 2. 025 D:Jmping capacity Is defined as the amount of Internal
...' -~ and also of many so called austenitic steels, from the high friction and dissipation of energy per unit volume of
temperature phase, austenite, to the low temperature material for one cycle of stress. It can be determined by
phase. The critical temperatures for tim beginning and the cyclic bending or alternating torsion and Is normally
end of the phase change are designated respectively as A reported In units of lnch-lb per cubic Inch per cycle. 1he
and A Because the reaction Is sluggish these tempera-3 area of the stress-strain hysteresis loop Is a measure of
1 damping capacity, (6).
tures may differ on heating and cooling. Ar3 and Arl
refer to transformations during cooling and Act and Ac3
refer to transformations during heating. On fast cooling
the reaction also may be suppressed and martensltlc fer- 2. 03 Chemical Properties
rite may form at relatively low temperatures, between This section Includes a general discussion of the resistance
M and Mr' Also, In stainless steels, martensite may of an alloy to various types of environments, except those
ncl form during cooling, but may result from plastic encountered In nuclear reactors. The chemical propertie11
deformation. Similar transformations occur In otre r most frequently Investigated and reported are corrosion
alloys, particularly that from the alpha to the beta phase resistance and oxidation resistance.
In titanium alloys. 2. 031 Corrosion resistance. The diacusslon of corrosion re-
2. 0121 Isothermal transformation diagrams (also called time- slstnncu In this Handbook Is by necessity very short and
temperature-transformation diagrarns, T-T-T diagrams, primarily concerned with phenomena adverse to strUC-
or S curves) enable the user to estimate how an alloy tural applications. Among these are: (a) the general
wUI respond to cooling from the austenite (or solution corrosion resistance In certain liquid media at low and
elc;-;ated temperatures; (b) special types of corrosion,
treat) temperature range. Where available these diagrams
are Included In this handbook. such as galvanic and lntergranular corrosion; (c) the
deterioration and resulting brittle behavior Induced by
2. 013 Thermal conductivity values arc reported In the literature
stresses In corrosive environments, called variously
In a variety of units. The following units are used hrre,
Btu ft per (hr sq ft F). stress corrosion. stress corrosion cracldng and stress
cracking, depending on the resulting effect rather than on
2. 014 Thermal expansion Is usually reported for the temperature
any real physical difference; and. (d) hydrogen embrlttle-
range which excludes dimensional changes associated with
ment of steels and titanium alloys.
matrix transformations. It Is also reported In a variety
of ways, and the system selected here Is that used most
2. 032 Oxidation resistance. The term oxidation resiatnnce Is
used here not only forthe effect of oxidizing atmosphere,
frequently. The mean coefficient of linear expansion Is
given for the range from room temperature to another but also of any other !dud of ~taseous environment at
comparatively high temperatw:es and particularly at
temperature, and plotted as a function of this latter temper-
service temperatures.
ature. To obtain the total expansion from room to a par-
ticular temperature the value at this temperature Is mul-
2. 04 Nuclear Properties
tiplied h'J the difference between the temperature In qlies-
Thia general term Is used as a headlcg for any property or
tlon and room temperature. This procedure answers
property change which Is significant for the use ol the
automatically the frequently raised question of how the
curve Is used at temperatures below room temperature. particular alloy In nuclear reactor coastruction. These
The value of expansion In the curves Is always positive, Include: (a) the nuclear cross section, (b) various effects
of irradiation, (c) corrosion phenomena In reactors. and
but the temperature difference Is then negative, and,
(d) the application of grades having different chemistry,
hence, the total expansion becomes, correctly, negative.
etc.
GENERAL DISCUSS.ION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ever, several criteria are useful in this respect, namely
(a) comparison of similar data !rom different sources,
The properties presented in this chapter include all (b) the extent ol. scattering, (c) the volwne of data, and
mechanical properties. including elastic constants and (d) (in the case of very limited dsts) a comparison wlth
tangent and secant mndull. The chapter is sulxllvided into some other proparty, such as that of compressive to
6 sections. tensile yield strength. In this Instance, the expectation
All strength quantities are given In ksl, 1. e. thousand is that compressive yield !ltrength is equal to or slightly
pounds per square inch. This Is already establlshed higher than tensile yield strength. However, reported
practice in design, except for elastic properties. Mcst values of compressive yield strength may In some cases
of the data reported apply to the various forms commer- be too high l1<.--cause of friction at the anvil surfaces.
cially available and to standardized processing conditions. Primary Interest in room temperature data relates to a
No attempt has been made to describe the results of ex- number of variables. These variables are the following:
perimental processes and heat treatments. However, (a) Effects of !ahrlcatlng and serv Icc conditions.
because preference is given to alloys of current interest These Include exposure to ele<1ated temperature with
and to their elevated temperature performance, many and wltl1out load and plastic deformations inserted
current heat treatments may undergo changes in the ncar between various steps of heat treating.
future. In addition, the necessity for forming and welding (b) Effects of testing variables. Particularly slgni!l-
many structural parts has led to special processing con- cant are the effects of the size of the material !rom
dltlons and these will probably increase in the future. which the specimens were taken, the dimensions of
Problems of this nature arc also discussed to some extent these specimens, and whether these specimens were
under FABRICATION (Sec Section 4)- tal.:cn before or after the final heat treatment.
The need for dcflnlng tl1c material condition and the testing
3.01 Specl!led Mcchanlcal Properties conditions is fully recognized In this document. However,
3.011 Although this document is primarily a source of information discretion Is nc'Ccssnry in reporting these, partly because
and not a design ha:xlbook, an attempt has been made to of space limitations and partly because of the confusion
include specl!led properties !rom certain sources- These which may be caused by reporting details of little or no
sources arc the AMS, the producers' data sheets and significance when considering the cod product. Unfot-
occasionally consumers' specifications. In addition, tunately, In the majority of Instances, even some of the
many specified properties will be subject to future changes, pcnlncnt processing and testing data are not completely
particularly in regard to the effect of testing temperature. available.
Although some specifications involve other than room tem- Specimen types and test methods arc omitted If they arc
perature properties, room temperature mechanical convcntlotml. The respective American Society !or
properties nrc the core of acceptance spcclflcut ions. Testing Material specifications should be consulted In this
These arc of two types, (a) minimum and, occasionally, case.
maximum values fer design purposes, and (b) limiting The following static room temperature mechanical proper-
values for forming purposes. it is heyond the scope f tics nrc presented In tabular or graphical form, and in
this handbook to descrihe the test n)elhtxls usl In deter- most cases arc given as functions of the major parameters
mine these propenics. Mechanical prop..orties :ot clevatcl that Influence the panlcuiar property, (e.g. carbon content
temperatures arc spccific..-d in a numhlr of lnstnnccs mxJ in steels, hmt treat conditions, etc.).
arc given In this se-ction. AMS, in purtkulur, frequently 3. 021 Tension. Tensile ultimate strength, tensile yield strength
specifics a special creep rupture test for smooth and and ductility (elongation and r~>duction of area) ns measured
notchc'tl specimens. Smooth specimens arc s . metimes in a conventional tensile test. Yield strength test data
required to withstand a speclficl stress and tcmpcratur" (F ) arc based on the 0. 2 percent offset method unless
for a minimum time. If rupture does not occur within otl~~rwlse Indicated.
this time the test Is contlnuc'tl until rupture occurs either 3. 0211 Stress strain diagrams. Curves of tensile stress versus
maintaining the same stress or Increasing till' stress. tensile strain.
In either case the specimen mu~t cxhlhh a Npc-clfkl mlnl- 3. 022 Compression. Compressive yield strength as measured
mwn elongation at rupturca In c.cnain cases n t.:omhinatlon by conventional techniques.
notch and smooth specimen Is uscl having equal notchcod 3. 0221 Stress strain diagrams. Curves of compressive stress
and smootl1 areas. Such specimens ure required to with- versus compressive strain.
stand,, specified stress and tcmperuturc for :o minimum 3. 023 Impact. Impact energy values as measured by the Charpy
time. If rupture docs not occur within this time the test (notch or keyhole), izod, tension Impact or drop weight
is continued either maintaining thl' same stress or Increas- (NOT) test.
Ing the stress, according to a specified schcodulc. Rupture 3. 024 Bending. Maxlmwn bend strength In outer fiber as mea-
is required to occur In the smooth ::;,ctlon and minimum sured In pure bending, concentrated load bendir.g or
values of rupture elongation arc spcoclfled. cantikoycr bending.
3.012 Bending properties som ctlmcs specified by AMS arc 3. 025 Torsion and s11cnr. Well defined standards have not been
omitt~'tl In this document. The procedure now generally cstabllsht'<l. lhcluded here arc torque-twist tests, tear-
cstahllshed is different from that used by the AMS and the tests, etc.
resulting values cannot be convened (see 4. 011 also). 3. 026 Bearing. Ilea ring strength is defined as the maximwn
bearing load at fnllure divided by the effective bearing
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
area. In a pinned or riveted joint, the effective area Is
These properties arc most signl!lcant !or certain classes the product Of the hole diameter and the thickness of the
of alloys, used primarily within a temperature range bearing member, (see Metals Handbook, Vol- I, 8th
where they arc structurally stable and not su.ccptlble to Edition, page 4). Specimen geometry must be considered
creep. In such Instances, most or the data on typical me-ch- In evaluating bearing test results. The important dimen-
anical properties will be found In this section, with the sions of the test specimen, hole diameter (D) and the
exception of those for fatigue strength and clastic properties distance from the center of the hole to the end of the
which ore discussed separately. For alloys used predom- specimen (c) arc usually expressed by the ratio, e/0.
inantly at elevated temperatures the room temperature 3. 027 Stress concentration. The behavior of materials In the
value or any specific property IS only one of o series of presence of stress concentration (localized stress values
values at different temperatures. Therefore, for these greater than the nomL"llll stress) Is ol concern to the
alloys Information on typical room temperature properties design engineer, portkularly 1! the usc of high strength
Is Included In the data for various temperatures, sec 3. 03. alloys Is being con,.idered !or cl:ltlcal service applications.
The room temperature data arc typical values. They nrc The information required is usually obtained !rom tests
presumably representative of material in present commer- dcsfgned to measure the loss in load carrying capacity of
cial production. There exists no yardstick to completely a material within a certain area of test conditions. A
evaluate the reliability of reported typical values. How- large yariety of types of tests have been used !or this '
\
6
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
.:..;: purpose. However, the majority fall Into one of two For some applleatlons, the stress r~uired to obtain a
'"-':;; categories; notch tests or fracture toughness tests. certain total strain (composed of the sum of elastic and
3.0271 Notch properties. These Include the results of test on plastic strains) at a particular. temperature and time Is
round and flat specimens contalnlng notches of various used. For other applications, only the plastic strain or
dimensions. The specimen geometry, elastic stress "creep" is considered. The strains of interest range
concentration factor (Kt) a~ material condition are primarily from 0. 2 to 1 percent.
generally Included with the data presented since these 3.041 Creep rupture strength (also called stress rupture strength)
fuctors are known to Influence notch strength. Notch Is simply the applied stress value which causes rupture,
tests are recognized as being particularly Important for saW stress being a function of the rupture time and tem-
the evaluation of material embrlttlement as may be caused perature. The significance of creep rupture strength Is
by such factors as heat treatment. low temperatures, cold frequently minimized, but a continuous and voluminous
work, etc. stream of such data Is being demanded and supplied for
3.0272 Recently the need for a reliable and reproducible alloys which serve at elevated temperatures. Although
measurement of a materials' resistance to the catastrophic elongation and reduction of area In creep rupture tests
propagation of sharp cracks under stress became apparent. are significant for service .performance, they are reportll<i
This characteristic can be suitably expressed in terms of only Infrequently. These data, therefore. are not Included
fracture tougheess, I. e. the stress intensity factor K at in this document.
the onset of rapid crack growth. Often the critical energy 3.042 The creep rupture strength of notched specimens is used
release rate..$ has been used in the literature for the same to reveal the presence and magnitude of embrlttlement
purpose. However, for the ~e of uniformity and since which occurs in many high temperature alloys within a
.$ and K are related by K =E,J; .the term fracture tough- certain range of temperature and time. The life of turbine
ness as used in this handboolo alw.fys refers to K values. disks and buckets in some cases appears to he related
Sections 3. 0272 and 3. 0372 list such fracture toughness more closely to the rupture time of notched speclmene,
than to that of smooth ones. A number of Air Material
data wherever available. A more detailed description of
the definition of K values, the equations for their determ- Specifications require such tests and the considerable
Ination, the differentiation for plane stress nod plane amount of Information available In this respect Ia included
strain conditions and the selection criteria used for the in this document.
data included arc given in Appendix C.
3.043 The many variables considered for creep and creep rup-
3.028 Combined properties. This section Is reserved for data ture have led to the use of different methods of graphical
obtained by test methods involving combined load and tabular representation. In this Handbook, stress Is
applications, (e.g. internal pressure Inn thin-walled tube used as the ordinate and time as the abscissa, usually
plus axial tension). Also included here ore data on multi- with one other variable as parameter. The log-log rep-
ple processes (e. g. tension test subsequent to pre strain resentation Is preferred over semi-log coordinates,
in compression). because It allows reading stresses at any level with equal
percentage of accuracy.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures 3.044 Creep and total strain data, however, are best reported
In this section only the so called short time properties ore In the form of Isochronous stress-strain curves. To
discussed. These are obtained by first raising or lowering obtain such n curve, the total strain at a particular
the temperature of the SP<->elmen to the desired IL"Vcl, time is plotted as the abscissa with the stress necessary
holding It at this temperature for n ccrtnln time, and tl1cn to obtain this strain as the ordinate. Time Is then the
testing In much the same manner as at room temperature. parameter. The creep Is obtained by deducting from thb
Only deviations from standard methods nrc Indicated. It total strain the elastic component. This procedure Is
should be noted that yield strength test data ( F ) nrc somewhat lr.deflnltc because of the uncertainty regarding
based on the 0. 2 percent offset method nnless ~crwlsc the modulus of elasticity, Indicated by the tangent at the
Indicated. origin of the lsochronO'ds curve.
3.031 Tension. The bulk of short time mechanical test data is 3.045 A number of attempts have been made to assemble Infor-
obtained by means of tension tests, In general, good mation on creep, and particularly on creep rupture strength,
agreement Is noted for data from different S<lUrces up ton for a given alloy condition In a single master curve.
certain temperature. However, for the highest tempera- While It Is not yet estabUshed that the effects of temper-
tures the values obtained from conventional short time ature and lim can be thus substituted for each other,
tests frequently vary wWcly. It nppcnrs, that test condi- master curves greatly assist In the first selection of
tions nrc generally not sufficiently controlled to yield materials and the planning of more specific tests. Master
consistent results at temperatures exccL'<ilng the usual curves nrc generally plotted on semi-log coordinates,
range of application. For high temperatures, therefore, with the stress as the ordinate and the so called "Parame-
more closely controlled tension testing techniques nrc Cl.nd- ter, " (I. e. a func.tlon of temperature nod time), as the
!ng Increasing nppllcnllon. TI1csc are Indicated In the abscissa.
respective graphs where available. 3.0451 The most accurate master curves are the Linear Parame-
ter Curves developed for many alloys by Manson, et al.
3.0311 Stress strain diagrams, see 3.0211.
(1)(2). The abscissa for this system Is a function of the
3.032 Compression, see 3. 022,
following form:
3.0321 Stress strain diagrams, see 3. 0221.
3.033 Impact, see 3. 023.
3.034 Bending, see 3. 024,
where T Is the temperature, F, t Is the time In hr, and
3.035 Torsion and shear, see 3. 025.
Ta and log 'a are constants depending on the material.
3.036 Bearing, sec 3. 026.
3.0452 Another parameter representation, that of Larson and
3.037 Stress concentration, see 3. 027.
Miller (3), Is also frequently used. It has the advantage
3.0371 Notch properties, sec 3. 0271.
that It can he derived from a limited amount of experimen-
3.0372 Fracture toughness, sec 3. 0272.
tation, hut the disadvantage or reduced accuracy. In this
3.038 Combined properties, see 3. 028. system the abscissa Is usually:
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
TIese properties are lncrcnslng In Importance because
(T + 460) (log t + 20)
of the continuously increasing service temperatures which
However, In some Instances a different value than 20,
aerospace systems must withstand. At such temperatures
EUCh as 25, may be substituted In this equation.
alloys generally deform or creep slowly under load and
eventually rupture. As a role, tests arc performed with 3.05 Fatigue Properties
temperature and load kept constant and the deformation
These properties depend not only on the metal condition,
~ ,, measured as a function of time. Frequently, only the
rupture time Is observed. For evaluating materials regard
form and test temperature, bnt also on a niDDber of other
~-;- lng their resistance to creep, va~lous criteria nrc used.
test variables. The m!1st Important ol these are: (a) the
type of loading, (b) the limiting stress values, (c) the 3.061 Values for Poisson's ratio. p. , are reported ooly for room
nwnber of cycles to !allure, and (d) the geometry of the temperature. The value may be measured or calculated
test specimen. In addition the frequency of cycling from EandG.
becomes an Important variable at elevated temperatures. 3.062 The modulus of elasticity Is the most Important elastic
3. 051 The basic types of tests used are: (a) rotating beam, constant. It may be determined either from static tests
where a circular specimen rotates under an applied sta- or using vibration (dynamic) techniques. Static values
tionary bending moment, (b) reverse bending, in which the represent the slope of the stress strain curve at the origin.
specimen 1s subjected to alternating bending, (c) axlsl They are difficult to determine at elevated temperatures
load in which the alternating stresses are tension or and are affected by variations In the testing techniques.
compression, parallel to the specimen axis. These tests Dynamic moduli are generally more consistent than static
are generally performed with the load fluctuating between values and may be considered to represent the true clas-
two definite limits until failure occurs (stress controlled tic constants. In this Handbook static moduli are given
fatigue). The nominal stresses at these limits are cal- only If reasonably consistent.
culated by conventional elastic methods and are called the The static compression modulus, Ec' Is theoretically
maxlmwn stress, F ax' and the minlmwn stress, F min
In recent years, fatf&ue tests performed by cycling be-
equal to the tensile value, E. However, particularly In
cold rolled materials residual stresses may cause con-
tween two deflnlte strain limits (strain controlk'<l fatigue) siderable differences between these two values.
have gained considerable prominence, particularly In the 3.063 The above discussed factors also apply to the modulus of
low cycle fatigue range. Such Information Is of special rigidity, G.
Importance to the design of pressure vessels for nuclear 3.064 The tangent modulus Is the slope of the stress strain
and other applications. The terminology for strain cycling curve at each stress value considered. Reported values
Is analogous to that for stress cycling If the term "strain" arc subject to considerable variations because of the
Is substituted for "stress" In the equations (4). basic dlfflcul ty of determining accurately the slope 6f any
3. 0511 In order to define a series of fatigue tests common prac- curve. The tangent modulus may be reported either for
tice uses stress ratio, R, which Is dcscrlb~>d by the fol- tension or compression. Preference has been given In
lowing expression: this report to the compressive values which are signifi-
cant In regard to buckling and crippling of structures.
R = Fmln/Fmax 3.065 Values of the secant modulus, I. c. of the slope of a line
from the origin to the stress value considered, are re-
3. 0512 An alternative definition of the stress ratio Is the function: ported only Infrequently, but are presented here If avail
able.
A= Falt/Fmf
4. FABRICATION
where Fait= l/2(Fmax- Fmtn> Is the alternating stress
and F mr = 1/ 2(!1 max+ F min> Is the mean &tress. The term rab;,-icntion Is used here comprehensively to
3.0513 Where only one stress ratio Is lnvolv~-d, It Is common to mean atl of the processes which may ncrmally be employed
report this ratio and the fatigue strcn~'lh In tubular form In the manufacture of parts or components from materials
for various cycles to failure. as supplied by commercial producers. The processes
3.0514 Where series of d:llu Jnvnlvc more: tlmn nne stress n.11 io, Include formabU!ty (forging, rolling, drawing, forming,
usc Is made prcfernhly of n stress ntlli(C dlal(rnm. E:och etc.), material removal (machining, grinding, etc.),
curve Jn this dtagrnm gives the ultcrnuling :lfrc:-~s us a joining (welding, brazing, etc.) and the corresponding
function of the mean stress for a given numilcr of cycles post-operational treatments that may be required (heat
to failure. The fatigue strength Is dcrfv~'<l from this treatm<-nt, surface treatment etc.). A limited amount of
curve by means or the relation: Information on fabrication Is presented In this Handbook.
The Information presented Is Intended to convey, first,
n picture of the relative fabrfcabllity or the alloy, ancl
F
max
= F
mf
+ Falt
second, to pinpoint areas In which material proper-
tics may be adversely affected by fabrication techniques.
3.052 At elevated temperatures. creep phcnor11cnu or<..! super-
Imposed on fatigue. If the temper:Hun Is very high 4.01 Formablllty
and the mean stress Is also high, creep ruplure ruther This section .. ssembles for wrought alloys some pertinent
than fatigue hecomes the dominant factor. Under uch Information on their formability. The term "formability,
conditions, the time to failure, rather than the numilcrs of as used here, Is an Indication of a materlsl's ability to be
cycles, Is frequently reported. In ,order to utlllze data permanently deformed from a given shape to a different
of this type to Its full extent the frequency or the Ioadfng shape by means of the practices presently employed (e.g.
should be reported. If stress range diagrams arc used to forging, rolling, drawing, forming, dimpling, etc.). The
present such information. creep data obtained during temperature ranges Involved, the mechanical power
the fatigue tests moy also be fncl uded. A number of stress require-d and the resulting material properties are all"
range diagrams for elevated temperntures have been made Important factors- to be considered In tho! evaluation of
available to this handbook by the Design Criteria Unit of formabllfty.
the Gen~ral Electric Co. These arc based on rotating 4.011 General Information on formablllty relates primarily to
beam tests for F ~ 0 and direct stress tests for F ?0. the forming of sheet, strip and plate In various conditions.
In order to opply'\}{ls doto to the service performancJr Where available, more specific" instructions for the
the values obtained from direct stress tests hove been forming rf the different conditions have bel!n added.
Increased by a factor of 1. 15. Bending properties arc reported In terms of the bend
3.053 Additional significant variables are geometry of the speci- factor, which Is the ratio of minimum bend radius to
men and Its surface condition. The tr.st s reported common- thickness.
ly relate to two types of specimens, rne smocth specimen 4.012 Forging temperatures are reported as the maximum start
with the surface carefully polished In tne direction paral- lng temperature and the minimum finishing temperature,
lel to the axis, and the notched specimen. Notched spe- and apply to closed die forgings or blacksmith forgings in
cimens usually have a circular cross section provided the weight range of 5 to about 1000 pounds. Forging
with a circumferential groove. The fatigue strength of temperatures for small parts, such as turbine blades or
such specimens depends on the strP.ss concentration buckets, are approximately the same. However, for these
factor, Kt, for this notch. forgings, a great deal of care ll'.Ust be exercised to avoid
critical strains which will Induce grain growth on reheating
3.06 l\lastlc Properties for a subsequent operation or during heat-treating. Control
Under this heading not only the classical elastic constants or groin size Is usually obtained by doing only a limited
but also the tangent modulus und secant modulus are re- amount of forging after each heating operation. Forging
ported. temperatures and the amount of mechanical work per-
8
'"''-,..'-"' "'"- Lll~vv~~IVI'II vr '"'LLVT;: ) '"'I"U I Ml:.lrt t'rtUt'l: .n I II:.;)
,..:..
formed at a given temperature are interrelated; and,
hence, a forging temperature cannot be specUied
without also specUylng the amount cf mechanical work
perlormed at that temperature . Detailed Information
on forgillg has been added where supplied by the producers.
(Wyman Ggrdon).
4.013 Information on rolling, extruding, drawing, various types
of formlng,dlm pllng, joggling, stamping, shearing and
riveting Is included when available In a form suitable for
Handbook presentation .
4.02 Machln1ng and Grlndlng
A very limited amount of Information on machining Is
presented here, and this Is given to Uiustrate primarily
the perlormance of different alloy conditions In various
machining operations.
4.03 Welding
The Information on welding assembled In this Handbook
serves primarily to call attention to areas where thP.
mechanical or. physical properties are nffected. Weld
abllity of an alloy Is an Important factor for Its selection
and has been discussed where Information Is available.
4. 04 Heat Treatment
This s~tlon complement s I. 05 and assembles specUic
details of the techniques which should be followed by
fabricators and users of the alloy.
4. 05 Surlace Treating
From this large topic, only a few Items, which appear
to be of particular Interest In connection with the general
purpose of the Handbook have been Included.
REFERENCES
9
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
1. GENERAL
TABLB3.011
This low carbon low alloy steel Is typical d. those havlug a
Source uss J.2, _1).12, 13) Fe
toral alloy content less than about 2. 5 percent. It Is not
heat treatable but In the annealed or normalized condition
Alloy Fe~OJ2C\-G.8Cr-G.5SI-G.4Cu-G.35Mn-G.3NI-O.ll
Galvanized, CR or CoUs
0.1 c
It Is significantly stronger than plain carbon steel and has Condition HR
superior corrosion resistance. It Is easily formed and Ann or Norm 0.8 Cr
welded, (1, p. 2, 3) (4). >0.5 >1.5 > 0.5 > 1.5
Thickness - In ~0.5
to 1.5 to 3
:=;0.5
tol.5 to 3
0.5 Si
1. 01 Commercial Designation. USS CorTen. mln-lcsl 70 67 63 65 62 58 0.4 Cu
Ftu'
F min-ks! :. ~ 47 43 45 42 38
- -- -- 0.35 Mn
1. 02 Alternate Designation. None. Fty'
Fe~
mln-lcsl
min-lsi
50 -
- - --
52.5 0.3 Ni
1.03 Specification. MIL-S-7809, (1, p.2). ef~ln)mln-percen
e( 81n)mln-perceu
22
18
-
19
24
19
-
-
-- -- 0.11 p
1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04.
TABLE 1 04 CorTen
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
Source uss (2, p.12)
3.021 Typical mechanical properties of bar and sheet at room
~- Percent temperature, Table 3.021.
Min Msx
Carbon - 0.12 TABLE3 021
Chromium 0.30 1.25 Source (3,_p. 160
Copper 0.25 0.55 Alloy e-(0.12C)-G.BCr-G.5SI-G.4Cu-0.35Ma-0.3Ni-G.llP
Manga,ce 0.20 0.50 Form Rouod bar
Nlclct.) - 0.65 Condition _HR_
Silicon 0.25 0.75 Dla - In 0. 75
l'llosphorus 0.07 0.15 F , typ lcsl 78.4
Sulfur
Iron
- Balance
0.05 Ftu, typ - lcsl
e(~ln)typ-percent
60.6
26.6
e(21n)typ-percent 40.2
RA -percent 72.0
1.05 Heat Treatment Hardness,
1.051 Normalize. 1650 F, air cool, (2, p. 51). BHN 156
1.052 Anneal. 1550 F, furnace cool, (2, p. 51).
1.05S Stress rellcC. 1150 F, 1 hr per In of maximum section
3. 0211 Stress strain curve at room temperature for sheet In ten-
thickness, (2, p. 51).
sloo, Fig. 3. 0211.
3.0212 Stress strain curves at room temperature for welded and
1.06 Hardenablllty
This alloy cannot be hardened by heat treatment, (4). unwelded sheet, Fig. 3. 0212.
1.061
3.022 Typical static torsloo values of bar aod tube at room tem-
Forms and Conditions Available perature, Table 3. 022.
1.07
1.071 General. This steel is available In all products and most TABLE 3 022
of the sizes and sections which are supplied In carbo:l
Source 13. n.160
steel, (2, p.19).
Alloy Fe- 0.12C -o.BCr-0.5SI-0.4Cu-G.35Mn-0.3NlO.UP
Form HR bar
1. 08 Melting and Casting Practice
Dla -In .500 0.538 0. 050 In wall thickness
1. 09
2.
Spec in! Considerations
~~:~
2.03 Chemical Properties
2.031 Corrosion resistance. This alloy 1s 4 to 6 times more
resistant to atmospheric corrosion than plain carbon steel
and 2 to 3 times more than copper steel because of
formation of a dense~; more adherent protective oxide
r 0.01
coating, (2, p. 9).
2.0311 Time-corrosion curves In lndustrlnl and marine atmos- 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
pheres at ambient temperature, Fig. 2, 0311. 3.031 Short time tensloo properties
3.0311 B!fect of shan-time ~e to elnated temperature on
2.04 tensile properties , Fig. 3. 0311
CODE 1101
PAGE
FER ROU S ALLOYS REVI SED MARC H 1963
TABLE 3.051
Fe Source 3 p.163
4.034 For gas welding, hlgll strength welding rodd (such
as
Alloy ASTM A 251, CA-65) are recomm ended, (2, p.53).
0.1 c Form
Fe- 0.12C)- 0.8Cr-0 .5SI-0.4 Cu-0.35 Mn-0.3 Nl-0.1J
Smooth specime n Specimen A Specim en B
P 4.035 Carbon arc welding Is not,reco mmend ed, (2, p.53X4)
.
4.036 This steel may be resistan ce welded to ltoei! or
0.8 Cr Dla- In 0.300 0.25, 0. 75 long, 0.02 radius hole
other
resistan ce-weld able ferrous alloys, using the same
0.500 0.400 method s applied to plain carbon steel, (2, p.53),
0.5 Si Rot beam Maxi-
mwn thickne ss 0. 125 In re.:omm ended for spot welding
ksl ,
0.4 Cu In air 54.0
(4).
24.5 25.0
0.35 Mn In water 29.0 13.0 18.0 4.04 Heating and Heat Treatin g
4.041 Aller forging, either normal izing or annealin g may
0.3 Ni desirab le, (2, p.Sl). (See 1.051 and 1.052).
be
0.11 p __.::J o.75
1- 4.042 After welding or cold forming , heat treatme nt usually
Is
0
~
not require d, but stress relief may be desirab le
in applt-
cations requirin g maximw n ductility , (:Z, p. 51).(See
Cor Ten 1. 053).
4.05 Surface Treatin g
4.051 This steel may be satisfac torily galvaniz ed In either
the
Specim en A formed or flat conditio n by standar d procedu res,
Specimen B (2, p, 51).
4. FABRICATION
4. C2 Machining
4.021 Machin ability is superio r to plain carbon steels
of the same
strength IP.Vels, (4).
4.03 Weidi11g_
4. 031 The slioy can be welded readily by the usual gas
and arc
methodn With comple te freedom from air-hard ening,
(4).
To a:old to;;hness reductio n in heavier sections
, 0. 5 In
Is recomm ended as the maximlim thickne ss in welded
ap-
plicatio nn, (2, p. 52).
4, 032 .ASTM A 233 or E II.\ rJecuod "'' are recomm ended
for
shielded arc welding. Weld~ made with thes" electro
des .
will have yield Dtl .'llgths in rxcess or eql:.tl to that
of the
base metals, t2, p. 5~)(4).
4.033 Mechan ical ;>r<fJCrtles of welded and ur.welded sheet,
Table 4 033
TABLE 4 033
!Source I, p.4)
IAiiov Fe-(0. J2C)-0. 8Cr-0.5 St0.4C u-0.35M nO. 3NlO.
Form IIP
Sheet
Condition Welded (Oxwel # 32 ruler).
Unweided Welded (AJSl 410 SS~r:lier)
NoHT 1500 F, 1 hr 700 F I ~11150 F,l5 min 1150 F. I h
' AC+700 F. I hr '
Thickn ess - In 0.048 o.o,c 0.048 0.070 0.048 0.070
L T L T 0.070
L L L L L
Ftu - ks1 72.6 72,7. 74.5 74.4 74.6 76.6 75.7 76.1 77.6
F - ksl 53.3 54 s; 74 74.7
I
55.4
I
53.8 59.8
e ~ In) - percent
56.8 62 62.7 57.5
26 25 28 21 60
20 20 20 21 18 20 20
CODE 1101
1---------l
PAGE 2
REVISEO MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
..,. ..
'" ....
'~ 12 Fe-(OJ2C)-0.8C,--0, Sl-0.4Cu-0 .35Mn-
i!S
S(
C. 3N!-0.11P
70
0. 070 IN SHEET, L
..., .-
Fe-(O.l2C)-0.8cr-o.5Si-0.4Cu-ll_.35Mn-
0 ' 3 Nl-O.UP
0.1
Fe
c
Cr
/p 0.8
60
,f
m8 ,_ 0.5 Si
~ 0.4 Cu
so
!5
~~~ ~-- ~--~16
/;'
;
RT
0.35
0.3
Mn
Ni
~0~
~ 0 I 8
0.11 p
YEARS
FIG. 2. 0311 'liME-CORROSION CURVES IN IN-
DUSTRIAL AND MARINE ATMOS- 30
fh'
I
I
Cor Ten
PHERES AT AMBIENT TEMPERA-
'TURE (2, p. 10)
20
!U'II
10 I' --NOT WELDED
- .,..- AS WELDED
-
WELDED+ STRESS
RELmR llSOF,l H~-
0
If (INERT GAS ARC
WELDING WITH OX-
WELD # 32j'lLLER )
0 0.002 0.004 0.006
STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0212 STRESS STRAIN CURVES AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE FOR WELDED AND
UNWELDED SHEET ( 1, p.I.f- 22)
100
80
!DC 60~
.
t2
v- RT. ['.... 60
60
I""
/ ~
J.j() 0
TENSION 20
20
0
0 0.160
o. 080 o. 240 0.320
STRAIN - IN PER IN FIG. 3.0311 EFFECT OF SHORT-TIME
EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED
FIG. 3.0211 STRESS STRAIN CURVE AT ROOM TEMPERATURES ON TEN-
TEMPERATURE FOR SHEET IN SILE PROPERTmS
TENSION (1, p.IS) (5, p.38)
CODE 1101
r110.nnvu.: ALLUT:; REVISED MARCH 1963
REFERENCES
Fe
0.1 c Dolega, E. A., '"Investigation of Low Alloy, High Strength
Steel as a Missile Fuel Tanlc'', Belf Aircraft Corp. Rep.
0.8 Cr No. BLR 5356 (March 31, 1953)
2 United Srates Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, uss CorTen, High
0.5 Si Streugtb Low Alloy Steel'", (1960)
3 Collins, W. L. &Dd Dolan, T. ]., '"Physical Properties of
0.4 Cu Fuur Low Alloy High Strength Steels'' Proc. ASTM,
Vol. 38, Pt. II (1938)
035 Mn 4 Alloy Digest, '"USS CorTen'", Filing Code SA-17, Steel
Alloy (April 1954)
0.3 Nf
5 Steurer, W. H., '"Metals for Structures Exposed to Aero-
0.11 p dynamic Heating'', Chapter 2 In '"Merals for Supersonic
Aircraft and Missiles'", (Crobecker, D. W., Tech. Ed.),
Cor Ten ASM, Cleveland (1958)
CODE 1101
PAGE 4
REVISEDMAR CH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
...' /
1.05
1.051
1.052
1.053
Heat Treatment
Anneal. 1625 to 1650 F, furnace cool, (3).
Normalize. 1650 to 1675 F, air cool, (3).
Stress relief anneal. 900 to 1150 F, air cool, 30 min ro
e
ty
ksl
percent
RA . percent
52
40 (2 in)
74
53
25 (Bin)
.
56
25 _(8 In) I 50.5
25 (8 in)
.
6 hr, (2, p. 2).
1.0531 Etreci of stress relief temperature and holding time on ten 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
sUe properties of hot and cold rolled sheet, Fig. 1. 0531. 3.031 Short time tension properties
1.054 For optlmwn physical propertleB, normalizing above AcJ 3.0311 Effect of test temperature on tenstle properties or hot
(see 2.012) Is preferred to either annealing or spheroldlze rolled bar, Fig. 3. 0311.
anneal, (2, p. 5). 3.0312 Effect or test temperature and stress relief on tensUe
propenles or cold rolled sheet, l'ig. 3. 0312.
1.06 HardenabUity 3.032 Short time properties other than tension
1.061 End quench hardenablllty at various carbon levels, Fig. 3.0321 Ertect of low and elevated temperatures on Impact strength
1.061. or welded plate, Fig. 3.0321.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Avall.lble 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
1.071 This steel Is available " cold drawn wire, hot or cold 3.041 Creep rupture curves at 800 to liDO F for as hot rolled
rolled sheet or strip, hot rolled light plate, bar, billet and for spheroldized !r, Fig. 3,041.
and bloom, (1). 3.042 Creep curves at 800 to liDO F fur spheroldlzed bar, Fig.
3.042.
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
1.0&1 Basic open hearth, (4). 3.05 Fatigue Properties
'1.09 Special Conslderallons 3.051 Endurance limit at room temperature by both cantUever
bCndlng and rotating beam Is 46 to SO ksi, (4).
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
3.06 Elastic Properties
2.01 Thermal Properties 3.061 Modulus or elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,
2.011 Melting point Fig. 3.061.
2:012 Critical wmperatures, (2, p. 5). 3
3.062 Modulus of rigidity. 11.8 ksl x i0
A ~ 1390 F Arl 1300 F
A~ X 1570 F (0.17C) A = 1490 F (0.17C) 4. FABRICATION
3
AcJ 1.600 F (O.IOC) A~3 E 1530 F (O.IOC).
2.013 Thermal c.,nductiv1ty 4.01 Forming and Casting
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014. 4.0ll 1111s steel can be cold formed by standard proc<>lures used
2.015 Specific heat ' for ordinary carbon steels U provisions are made for the
higher strength of the alloy, (3). Intermediate anneals are
2.02 Other Physical Properties recommended for heavy reductions. Sprlngback Is about
2.021 Density. 0. 284 lb per cu ln. 7. 84 gr per cu em. the same as annealed AISI 304 !llalnless steel.
4.012 Forging. Starting temperature 2150 to 2250 F, finishing
1102
PAGE
Fee
FERRO liS ALLOYS REVISCJ MARCH 1963
"'I!! 8 1llERMAL
Ill:
MBAN clEFEXPANSIO
LINEL N--1--.,.....fo:::::;;._--f
i5
Ill:
I!!
i5 7~---+~~~--~~--~--~
~c~----400~----600~----~----~=---~1:0
TBMP-F
FIG. 2.014 nuuu.u.L BXPA!omON
(3)
1110
Fe(0.14C)-0 . 75Si0.6Cr0 .2Mo
1110 ~----~----~----r----,
p.1Zr e 0.1110 IN HR} sHasT Fe-(0.14C)- 0. 75SI-0.6Cr0.2Mo0,1~r
o 0.060 INCR
80
,
I~
.. -
;.~
...
0.0875INHR BAR
~'ru
60
I.-- -~I"'
I"'
~'n
20 HOlDING TIMB
e 1/2 HR
0 6 HR
~0 20 e 12 IN\ '1:P'
~
0
0 800 1200
TEMP- F
FIG 1,0531 F.FFECT OF STRESS RELffiF 0
TBMPr!RATURE AND HOLDING -200 200 600 1000 1400
TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES TEMP F
OF HOT AJIO OOLD ROLLED FIG. 3.0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERAnJ RE
SHEET ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HOT
(2, p. 2-3) ROLLED BAR
(2, p.4)
CODE 1102
REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
0.14 c
0.75 Si
0.6 Cr
0.2 Mo
0.1 Zr
~
20
o
0.062 }
0. 050 IN SHEBT CR
NAX AC9115
STRBSS RBLIBF USO F
0 --- ANN
-----
&.10 F
10
8
900F
6
1000 F
2 """- .......
1100 F
0.1~ CRB,
1
10 100 1000 10,000
11MB -HR
FIG. 3. 042 CREEP CURVES AT 800 TO 1100 F
FOR SPHBROIDIZBD EAR (2, p.S)
36
Fe-(0.14C)-D. 75Sl-D. 6Cr-D. 2Mo-D.1Zr
~
B (STATIC)
12
0 ~ 800
\ 1~ 1600
TEMP- F
0I
- - WBLD METAL
---- LINB OF FUSION
--HEAT APPEcrED ZONE
I I I
e L
0 T I AND ELEVATED TEMPBRATURBS
REFERENCES
(2, p.S)
CODE 1102
PAGE 3'
1.0 GENERAL
T-1 is a low carbon, quenched and tem~ed construct 1.05 Heat Treatmen t
lonal alloy steel combinlDg good weldab1llty with high 1.051 General. The strength aDd hardness of T-1 and T-1
yield streogtb and high toughness even at subzero type A are imparted by quenching and tempering . These Fe
temperatu res. Its resistance to atmospher ic corrosion
is considerab ly better than that of convention al carbon
alloys should not be used without best treatment,
Normally they are aupplled in the best treated Condltloo
0.15 c
steels. When beat treated to 321 or 360 Brinell mlnlm um If it Is necessary or desirable to bot work (above HOOF)
hardness, the alloy bas good resistance to imptct aDd subsequen tly heat treat the alloys, the suggested 0.92 Mn
abrasion. The compositio n employed produces a steel heat treatment is as follows, (2X8).
of high bsrdensbil lty so that high streogtb is maintained 1.052 Austenitiz e, 1650F to 1750F, water quench, (5).
0.88Ni
in the larger size products. !.053 Temper. USOF to 127SF. Qui!IICblq,; lifter tempering
T-1 type A is n lower-allo yed modUled version of the is desirable but not absolutely neces98ry , (2)(8),
0.50Cr
alloy having n leaner chemical compositio n than the Tempering temperatu re should not exceed 1275F, (5).
parent alloy, T-1, but similar mecbsnlca l properties , 1.054 To improve notch toughness of heavy sections over 2, 5
0.46 Mo
T -1 type A was developed to provide a c:onst:ructlonal inches, the following is recommen ded:
alloy of high strength at mlnlmum cost, (1)(2X3)(4). 1750P, water quench, reheat to 1650F, water quench.
0.32 Cu
Temper as in 1. 053, (5), 0.26Si
Commerci sl Designatio n
T-1, T-1 type A, 1.06 Hardness
1.061 Typical hardness of best treated plate. 275 Brinell 0.06V
1.02 Alternate Desigt!ation (approx. ), (2).
USS "T-1", USS "T1" type A, 1.062. Effect of tempering temperatu re on hardness, Fig. +B
1,062,
1.03 Specificati ons 1.063 EDd quench bsrdenabi llty baDds, Fig. 1.063.
1.031
T-1
MIL-S-197 95.
1.032 ASME Code Case 120410. 1.07 Forms aDd Coa:!ltlons Available
1.033 ASTMA514, A517. 1.071 Alloys are available in the form of best treated sheet,
plate, bar, structural shapes and seamless tubular Fe
1.04
1.041
Compositi on
Chemical compositio n of T-1 alloy, Table 1. 041 1.072
products, (7).
Alloys are also available in semifinls hed form as
0.17 c
blllets aDd as non-heat treated plate (under 0. 25 lncbes)
TABLE 1 041
aDd bar, (7).
0.86Mn
Source S Steel r.
Alloy 1.073 T-1 alloy is avallable as castings solely through 0.50Cr
T-1 licensees r1 U.s. Steel, (7).
Form (c) Plate
R~lar
T-1 alloy plate is supplied only in the heat treated 0.25Si
Firebox ASME Code(a'Jia rdness1b CoDdition in thicknesse s from 0. 187 inch to 6. 0 lncbea
Percent Percent Percent Percent and widths up to 147 inches and in vnrious qualities
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
including regular, firebox, ASME Code Case 120410,
022 Mo
Boron ~~~~~~~~~~~~~00~
~ 321 aDd 360 Brine!! mlnlmum Dardnesa. Maximum
Carbon ~ 10 o. :a!
0.10 o. 20 o. 10 o. 20 0.10 o. 20 length available is 480 lncbes, (7),
0.05V
Chromium p.40 0.65
0.40 0.65 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.65 1.075 T-1 type A plate is supplied only in the heat treated 0.02Ti
Copper ~-15 o.so
0.15 o.so 0.15 0.50 0,15 0.50 Condition in tl-Jcknesse s from 0,187 inch to 1. 25 1ncb
'~ Manganese ~.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00
~ "/ Molybdenum p.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60
aDd widths up to 147 inches and in various qualities
including regular, firebox, 321 Brinell mlnlmum
+B
Nickel p.70 !.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00
Phosphorus - hardness and Floor Plate; Maximum length available
0.040 - 0.03 - 0.03! - 0.040
Silicon 0.!5 0.35 0.15 0.35 0.15 0,35 0.15 .35
is 480 inches, (7), T-1 TYPE A
Sulfur - 1.076 Bar is availabl10 In a wide range of sizes in either the
0.040 - 0.04( - 0.04( 0.040
Vanadium 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.08 beat treated or non-heat treated Condition, (7).
0.03 0.10 0.03 0.08 1.077
Iron Balance Balance Balance Heat treated S!rUCtural shapes aDd tubular products
Balance
are available in various shapes, sizes and Conditloos ,
a) Furnished to ASME Code Case 1204-10, firebox quality. (7).
b) Furnished to 321 or 360 minimum Brinell hardness for resistance 1.078 For detailed informatio n on Forma and CoDdltlona
to Impact abrasion. available, please rder to Reference 7.
c) Regular plate, bar, structural shapes and seamless tube products.
1.042 Chemical compositio n of T-1 type A alloy, Table 1.042. 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
TABLE I 042
1.09 Special Considera tions
Source lJS s.....J '71 1.091 Blooms, blllets, bars or ingots which bsve net been
Alloy Tl TvoeA heat treated should never be gas cut. They should be
Form (cl
Min~!~n~~
sawed or hot sheared; or cold sheared If the size permits,
Quality Rei<ular Firebnx Floor Plat<! (5).
Percent Percent Percent Percent 1.092 When heating to llOOF fur forming, temperatu re should
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max be accurately controlled .
Boron p.ooo o.oos p.ooo5 0.005 p.ooos 0,005 .000! 0,005 1.093 Alloys must always be in the quenched and tempered
Carbon 0.!2 0.21 p.!2 0.21 p.!2 0.21 .12 0.21 condition before welding or gas cutting,
Chromium p.40 0.65 p.40 0.65 p.40 0.65 .40 0.65 1.094 Alloys form an adherent scale; thus extremely high forging
Copper (b)
Manganese
- 1.00- .70- 1.00
. p.70
- p.70- 1.00- ,70- 1.00
- temperatu res should be avoided.
Molybdenum p.!S
0.25 .15 0.25 p.!S 0,25 .IS 0.25 2.
Phosphoru s
Silicon
- 0.040 - 0.035 - 0.040 - 0.040
p.20 0.35 .20 0.35 .20 0.35 .20 0.35
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
2,01
Sulfur
Titanium
- 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040 - O.Ol
p.OI 0.03 .01 0.03 .01 0,03
2.011
Thermal Properties
Melting range.
~.01
0.03 2.012 Phase cbsngea,
Vanadium p.03 0.08 .03 0.08 .03 0,08 11.03 0.08
Iron 2.0121 Time-tem perature transform ation diagram, Pig, 2.0121.
Balance Ba ance Balance Balance
(a) Furnished to 321 minimum Brlnell Hardness for resistance 2.013 Thermal conductivi ty.
to 1m 2.014 Thermal exptnaion ,
pact abrasion
(b) Copper added If desired T-1 alloy:
2.014 -75 to 200F, 6.5 x 106 in/in/F,
(c) Regular plate, bar, structural shapes and seamless tube products
70 to 1300F, 7. 74 X 106 in/in/F.
CODE 1103
PAGE
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
Tl type A alloy:
Fe 75 to 200P, 6.5 x xo6 ID/ID/11, TABLR 2 041
0.15 c 2,015
80 ro 1300P, 7.60 x 10-6 ID/ID/P , (5).
SpecJtlc beat
Source
Alloy_
Mill
T-1
2.016 Therma l dlffuaiv lty
Q92 Mn I SPecimen narc:b lmoact. 0.187 to 0. 2 In , cantilev er
Tell! Effect of Irradiat ion on !n.pact propert ies - -
2.02 Other l'byalcal Propert ies
Q88N i 2.021 Density . o. 284 lb per cu ln. 7. 85 gr per cu em,
llrradia tloa
Conditio ns
Transiti on Temp-F ,(a Mu energy absorpti on ,
2.022 (2). IDIb (b)
EJectrlc al properti eD
0.50 Cr 2.0221 Realsr1v lty. Apprax. :U mlcrobm cm at 70P, Exposure.
2.023 (5). Temp-P nvr (c) Co::ttol Irradiat ed Control Irradiate d
Magneti c properti es < 100
Q46 Mo 2.0231 Normal DC magnetl zatloa curve for plate, Flg. <200 l.:~~gf8
16$ +167 67 22
2.0231. 240 -40 48 40
2,024 Bmlaolv lty <200 7xlo19
Q32 Cu 2.025 Dlunpillg capacity 575 Sx10l8
240 +1:;0 48 23
-240 -us 48 48
2.026 Cryaral structur e <200 2.3xtol 9
0.26S i <200 3.3x1o1 9
-214 + 19 86 52
:ZH + 68 86 52
2.03 Cbemlca l Properti es
Q06V 2,031 Corrosi oa. The atmoaph erlc corroalo o realstal
(a) Taken from transltio o ;,urve, criterio n: m;{,
of maximu m Impact
lce of energy
T1 alloy ls approxi mately four times tbar of 8trucrur
+B carbon areds. PreUmln a.-y atudlea 1Ddlcate rbat
al (b) Taken from rranslrlt ln ~urve
the (c) > 1 Mev
corrosio n realstao ce of Tl type A steel Is ar least
two
T-1 times rbat of structur al carbon steels, (5).
2.042 Btlect of ur.:urron Irradiat ion on tenaUe propert
..-----2.032 Welgbt loss In lndllltti al, marine lliXI semi-ru ral ies,
Table 2, 04,2,
atmoaph erea for Tl areet, Table 2,032,
Fe TABLE 2 042
0.17 c TABLE 2 032
I Source_
IAIIov
6
T1 Steel
Source (5)
0.86Mn Tell! Effect of Irradiat ion on tensile tn'onen tes
AllOY Tl
Tear
1rrad Cond Pru ksl F 1Y! kai e(1 lo) -percen
AtmoS'Dhertc corrosio n nvt
Q50C r Form 4 1o x 6 1o flat Temp P Exposur e !control lrrad Control lrrad on:ol
Atmosp here lrrad
Weight toss-gra ms
0.25 Si <100 1,3x JOZl 116.0 180.0 IOO.Oa,l BO.Oa) 20.0
0.22 Mo
Industri al
Marloe
Semiru ral
s.o
2. 8
-
I I I
S velll'~ll Svearst~-~v~al7 '<v~
8.2
5.9
7.1
9.4
10.4
11.3
15.4
<200
<200
<200
1,7 X 1019 129.0
1.0 X 1020 129.0
2.3 X 1019 139.7
171.0 120,0 170.0
187.2 120.0 186,0
186.f 129.3 184.0
14.0 4.5
14.0 3.8
4.7
JS.Ob 9.0(b)
0.05V 9.6 11 4 <200 3.3 x 1019 139.7 !89.4 129.3 186.8 1S.Ob 8.6(b)
T-ITYPE A
TABLE 2 033 3. MBCHANICAL PROPI!RTIB!:
Source 5
Allov Tl
r~or
3,01 ~lfled Mecban lcal Propert!e!!
Rxooour e tn
mNIIa 3,011 Oducer'a apeclfle d mechani cal properti es.
Tear Medium
Pickling acid, 12% H2S04 at 160P
s:'!:':.':!:!ty 3,0111 Produce r's apeclfle d tensile propenl es for bear
regular lliXI firebox quality plate and floor plate,
treated
Table
31\j NaCI solution (aerated ) No 3.0111.
3% NaCI aolutlon (aerated with cathodic protecti on ar No
300 amps per aq em
Sea war:er No
Marine atmosph ere No
Water, H2S saturate d No
Molten sulfur wlth small amounts of H S Yea
Molten sulfur with small amounts of H2S and water No
TABLE 3 0111
Sour crude oii(C<>ntainillg H~S) 2 No por
Unconta minated agrlcult ura ammoni a Yea (a)
~.J.oy T-1
Agricult ural ammoni a, coataml nated with air No T-1 , type A
rrear Tensile
Agricult ural ammoni a, contaml oated wlth air and Yea (b)
ondltlon HT
Inhibited with water orm Pia !e (c)
No (b) Plate (c) Floor
(a) Depends upon H S content IlllciClle OSin Plate
2 .187" 12,5 to 1.0 to '.187to 1~ to IU.IHIO
(b) Stress relief Ia necessa ry to prevent atreaac 2.5 4.0
orroslon cracldn g 6.0 .75 1.25 o.so
tu maxkai 135 135 135 135 135 135
min k&i us 105 105 115 us
IFry. maxkl - . . . -
115
-
min-leal 100 90 90 100 100 100
2. 034 Results ol two year exposur e tesro ol lllrlp 1o oea r:<21a), mlnper cenr 18(a) 17 16 18(a) 18 .
Flg. 2,034.
water, jRA, mloper cent SO(b) so 45 40 so .
2.04 IWclear Properti eo a) mongatl on for plates under 0.25 Inch tblck
2.041 Ia 15 percent mlolmum
Btlect ol neurroa lrradlat lm m impact properti
es, b) Reductlo a of areo for plarea :s 0. 75 loch ta 40
percent
Table 2,041. c) Regular and firebox quality
CODE 1103
PAGE
1,'
2
li'
~:
3,0112 Producer's specified teDIIUe properw..a far beat treated 3.0116 Producers' beod teat values for beat treated plate wbeu
ASMB Code Case 120410 plate, TIJ>te 3,0112, . speclffed, Table 3. 0116. Fe
150urce
TABL'~ 3 0112
m rsnu.-c-~-
TABLE 3. 0116
171 0.15 c
I ALloy T1 ll~ T- .,._,
oodltlon HT HT
Q92 Mn
~at T<msUe
orm Plate
Coodltlon HT est Al>-n.l bend test a 0.88Ni
Form !'late ASMB Code Case 120410
QiiilliV Regular Firebox ASMElb Resrular Firebox
Tblckness-ln 025to20 2.0to2 5 Orlentstlon L T T L T 0.50Cr
Fru, max-leal
mlnlcsl
135
115
135
105
11ticlcnesaln
To 1.0
c
2t
c
2t
-
2t 2t
-
2t
0.46 Mo
Ff!J' min-leal
e( In), min-percent
100 90
18
1.0to 1.25 - . - 3t
--
31
-- Q32Cu
RA. . mlnMrcent :!.1 so 1.0 to 2,S
2,5 to 4.0
3t
4t
3t
4t
3t
- 0.26Si
(a) 0. 75 Inch 8lld under is 40 percent
over 4.0 None - - - -
3.0113 Producer's specified teDIIUe properties far beat treated 0.06V
bar, Table 3, 0113. !"~ 180 d"'!l"ee bend
b ASME Code Case 120410
TABLE 3 0113
{c) Supplied to these values .when specUied +B
Source 12U51m
Allov T-1 Tl.tvne A
Teat Tensile 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature T-1
HT
3.021 T..,.lon, see also 3.01and 3.031.
Condition
Form 3.0211 Typical t<mslle atrea&atrsln diagram for cast bar 8lld
4.0 tbru 7.0 7.0 tbru 9.5 Up to 1.5 plate, Fig. 3. 0211. Fe
~-~::.~--~ lm....... ~
Size-In
3,0212 Typlcaltenslle values for wrougbt T-1 alloy, Table 3.0212,
Ftu, maxlc81 140 135 135 140 0.17 c
minlc81 115 105 105 115
Fty' maxksl
min-ksl 100
- 95
- 90
- -
100 SOUrce
TABLE 3 0212
5
0.86Mn
e(21n), min-percent 18 16 16 18 Allov T- 0.50Cr
RJ. min -oercent 55Cal 45 45
(a) Reduction of area for flats 0. 75 and under Is 45 percent
55(a) Property
Condition
....""
H'T" Q25 Si
(b) LongitudinAl properties Ftu. typ-1:&1 122
Fry, t yplcsl 111 0.22 Mo
3.0114 Producers' specified tensUe properties for heat treated Uniform e, (21n)-perccnt 8,2
structural shapes and tubular products, Table 3. 0114. Toral e, (21n)-percent 18.5 0.05 v
TABLE:J 01H RA -percent 62
Source 5117 Strain hardenliU! exoonent 0.07 0.02Ti
Alloy T-1 T-1 tv1>e A T-1 and T-1 tvoe A
Tel!lt TensUe +B
Condition HT
Form Structural sha""liea Seamless tublna d
Thlclcneaa-ln ..::2.5 <1.25 lh\ c 3.0213 Typical t<msile values for cast bar and plate, Table 3,0213, T-1 TYPE A
Ftu, max-leal 140 140 145 140
miD leal 115 llS llS lOS
Fty' max-leal
miD leal
-
100 100
- -
100
-
90 TABLE3 0213
e(21D)miD-percent 18 .18 18 18 Source !12l
RA, min-percent 55 (a) SS(a) - . Allov T-1
a) Kelluctlon Ol area tor snapes 7~ ID aDd llDler 18 ;, percent mlnlm um Form Cast bar(l. Sxl. Ox6. 0 In) aod Plate 0. 25 In thick
(b) All wall thicknesses for rniiDII tubing Condlton Aa cast
(c) All wall thicknesses for square and rectangular lubillg Test TensUe (base metal and weld
(d) On strip specimens s 0. 25 Inch, e Ia reduced accordingly Ftul:ol p..,-lc&l lel21n :ct: RA%
3. 0115 Producers' specified Impact values far beat treated plate [Biir{imwelded)
and structural shapes, Table 3, 011S. maxtmwn 122.5 113.0 18 55
TABLE 3 0115 minimum 111.0 99.5 8 29
Av.(ll testa) 119.0 108.6 15 43
l!;nuPo 5117
Plate(unwelded)
~loy Tl T-1 tvJ>e A Tl
[(:oodltlon HT Av.(3 teats) 106.8 105.0 2.8 -
Form Plate Structural shapes Plate(welded) (a) 106.0 95.0 3.3 -
Quality Firebox ASME Firebox - .
Code (b) (a) Sj.oeclmen taken tranoverse to weld bead In welded plate
lblclcneaaln 0.187to 0;-25"to 0.187 to
2.5 2.S 1.25 .:S 1.25 ::;;2.5
Charpy lmpect, Ct-1
(a) Keyholemln
Lor T, 50F IS (c) 1S (c) IS 15 (d) IS (d)
(a) Vnotchmln
L, 10F 30 - . - 30 3.022 Compresaloa
T, !OF 20 -- . -- -- 3.0221 Typical compressive atreoastraln diagram for T-1 steel
L, -SOF IS . at room temperature, Fig. 3,0221.
a) AS"IM proc51ure 3.023 Impact, see also 3.033.
3.0231 l!ffect ol plate tblclcneiB oa Charpy V-DOlCh ltnpact
(b) AliME: Code Case 120410
(c) charpy Impact value for plates <0,5 Inch may be DOI!otlated transition temperature, Fig. 3.0231.
(d) Lcmgltudlnal only 3.0232 l!ffect ol strain and strain plus aging on Charpy l:eyllole
ductility traDaldoo tempcrattu:e, Table 3.0232.
CODE 1103
PAGE 5
TABLE 3.0232 be accompUsb ed wltb cooventlooa l equipment. Wherever
Fe ource l:OJ possible lbese steels should be fabricated 1n tbe best
est Btfect of strain aDd strain+ a~te
r:-
,.-.ao c pecimen Cbarpy keybole (a)
treated (queacbed aDd tempered) Caadltloo.
Hct working operatloos can destroy or alter lbe m:lglnal
nov T-1 T-1 tvPe A best treated mecbanlcal Jirc>pertie~. Mecbanlcal propeztles
0.92 Mn oadltloo Ductlllty transltloo temp-F (b)
can be restored by quencblng aDd tempering. Stress
nstralned -:.<:>:. -9~
rellef may also be desirable prior to surface macb1nlng
0.88 Ni S!raln 5% -so operations to reduce residual stresses aDd maintain
0.50 Cr
S!raln 111.1\
S!raln 5% +age
-225
- -
-so 4.012
dlmenslnna l &tabUlty, (5),
Forging. Steels may be forged by asual melbeds at a
0.46 Mo
S!raln 111.1\ +age
S!raln 5% +age+
-198 - temperatur e about SOP lower tban tbat used for plain
0.32 Cu
stress relieve
S!raln 111.1\ + stress
- -100
carboo steels. A blast of compressed air or steam abould
be used oa tbe forging to prevent lbe formatloo of scale
0.26Si
relieve
a) LongitUdinal specimens
-275 - pita. Forgings over 16 Inches square cross section
abould be cooled In lime, dry ssDd or ctber medium to
prevent lnteraal rupture. AU forged pieces must be
(b) 15 ft-lb
0.06V best treated to provide adequate mecbsnlcal properties,
(5). See also 1. 094.
3.024 Beading, see Table ~.0116. 4.013 Cold forming. Steels may be readUy cold formed or angle
+B 3.025 "l'orsloo aDd sbear, beat U sufficient power aDd suitable bead radll are used.
Fsu = 75% of Fw (approx.) Suggested minimum bead radii for plates up to 1. 0
Fsy =58% of Fcy (approx.) Inch Is 2 T, aDd for plates from 1.0 Inch to 2.0 Inch
T-1 3.026 llearlng Is 3 T. For brake press forming, lbe lower die span
3.027 Stress concentratl oo abould be at least 16 times tbe plate tblclaless. Air
3.0271 Nolch properties beads are preferable to closed-die beads. Mutlple
Fe 3.0272 Fracture lnugbness bits abould be used where possible, (5).
3,028
0.17 c Combined properties 4.014 Hct forming. Hct forming can be employed wben plate
sizes are too heavy for cold forming. Farming
3.0.1 Mecbanlcal Properties at Various Temperatu res
0.86 Mn 3.031 Tensloo
temperatur e should DOt exceed 1100F aDd beating abould
preferably be dooe In a controlled furnace. If lbla
3.0311 Stress-stra in diagrams
0.50 Cr 3.0312 Typi.:al tensUe prnpertles for T-1 aDd T-1 type A steels
temperatur e Is exceeded for aevere formatloos (never
blgber tban 18001') lbe steel must be 6Uhscqucntly quenched
at various temperatur es, Fig. 3.0312.
0.25 Si 3.0313
.
Btfect of strain-rate oo tenslle properUes of T-1 at
aDd tempered to restore mecbsnlcal properties, (5).
4.015 Puncblng aDd blllllldng. Steels may be satlsfactorU y
various temperatur es, Fig. 3. 0313.
0.22 Mo 3.032 Comprellslo o
puDCbed In tblckness to 0. 5 Inch.
For circle-blank ing of plate, die clearances sbould be
3.0321 Stress-stra in diagrams
0.05V 3.033 Impact
as close as possible.
4.016 Shearing. Steels may be sbearold In tblclalesses up to
3.0331 Btfect of temperatur e oo Cbarpy Vnotcb values for T-1
0.02 Ti plate, Fig. 3. 0331.
1. 0 Inch U sufficient sbear capacity aDd blade strength
are avallable.
3.0332 l!ffect of temperatur e oo Cbarpy V-notcb values for T-1
+B
...__ _ _ _... 3.034 type A plate, Fig. 3, 0332.
4.017 Gas cutting. T-1 steels can be readUy gas cut by haDd
or macb1ne. No preheating Is necessary for sectloos
BeDding, see 3. 024. .
up to 4 Inches In tblclaless, but sectloos larger tban
3 035
T-1 TYPE A 3.036 'I'orsloo aDd sbesr
' 4 Inches 6buuld te preheated 300 to 4001' (net higber
Bearing
tbaa 4001'). Stack cutting of light plates abould be
3.037 Stress coocentratlo o
avoided. The gas cut edge wlll be bard (about 415
3.0371 Notch properties
Brinell) but wlll also be tough. The flame cut surface
3.0372 Fracture tOUE:bN.-ss
3,038 can be softened to fscllltste macb1nlng but lbe softening
Combined propcni ..s
temperatur e must not exceed 1100F, (5).
3,04 Creep aDd~ Ruptl!re Properties 4.02 Machining and IJrlldlng
3.041 General. 'ih T-1 steels r-m good strength properties 4.021 Carbide tools are recommeed ed for all machining
up to about SOOF.
operatloos allbough hlgb speed steellnols may also be
3.042 Creep rupture strength of T-1 alloy at various tem~
satisfactory . Tools abould be kept abarp aDd coaslderabl e
atures, Fig, 3,042.
coolant abould be used. In general, macb1nlng speeds
3.043 Typical C~'eep data for T-1 r..'eel, Fig. 3.043.
are reduced about 40 percent as compared to steels such
as AfiTM-A7. For drllling, two-flute drllls wllb
3.05 ~~ Included point angle of 135 degrees have been successfull y
3.051 S-N curve for T-1 aDd T-1 type A plate at room temper-
employed wltb speeds of 30-SO sfpm aDd feeds 15-25 percent
ature, Fig. ~.1!51.
3,052 less tban !bose used for mUd steel. Posltlve feed must be
S-N curve for 'I 1. plate at room temperatur e, Fig. 3. 052.
used to prevent ;Jlazing ahead ollbe drlll point.
4.022 It Is recommeed od tbat plates or olber sectloos of T-1
3.06 B!alltlc Propert'.es
steels be stress Yelleved after beat treatment to reduce
3.061 PoiSQn' a ratlo
residual llttesses aDd prevent excessive movement
3.06l Mod11lus of elasticity at room aDd elevated temperatur es,
during machining, (tl.
FJ,\1. 3.062.
3.06;!1 Campresslve ma:lulus.
4.03 Welding
30 x 1o3 ksl (approx.), (1), 4.031 Geoeral. T-1 steels can be welded satlsfactorU y by all
3.063 Modulus of rigidity
of tbe major welding processes U suitable procedures are
3.064 Typical compresslo o taqrent modulus curve for T-1
employed. Normally, lbese steels abould be welded
steel, Fig. 3. 064.
only wbeo In lbe quenched and tempered Coedltlon.
For manual metal-arc welding, lbe use of low hydrogen
4. FABRlCA'IlON
electrodes of lbe B-9015 to lbe B-12015 clasaUicatl oas
Ia recommeed ed. Electrodes must be kept dry. The
4.01 Formablllty
steels can also be automatlcal ly welded by submerged-
4.011 General. Despite lbeir blgb yield llttengths, lbe T-1
arc aDd Inert-gas-s hielded metal-arc processes. The
steels may be readily tabrlcated. Hct aDd cold forming,
"stringer bead" tecbnlque Is preferred. Using proper
she...-ing, puDCblng, flame cutting aDd macblnlng can
tecbnlques aDd clectredes, joint efficiencies of 90 aDd
CODE 1103
PAGE 4
~:.:-,. 100 percent are readlly attained, (1)(2){3)(5)(8)(9), shot blastlng or wire brusblng, Jf name descallng Is
used, the surface of the scale should never show a red
'
~:i 4,032 Reheat-treatmeot after welding by abielded m_.-arc
(covered electrodes), submerged-arc aod Inert-gas
4.052
color, even In the dart, (5),
T-1 type A usually will plclde faster aod cleaner than 0.15
Fe
c
abielded metal-arc processes, Is not necesaary.
4,033 Reheat treatment after welding by oxy-acetylene gaR aod T-1 steel.
electroslag welding Ia gl!llel'ally leequlred. These
4.053 Alloys can be painted, metal-sprayed, bot dipped or Q92Mn
teclmlques should Dot be used unless the sultablllty m electr:>lytlcally protected by employing the recommended
the l'l"OCess Is established, procedures of coating manufacturers, (2), 0.88Ni
4.034 Plash welding can be used on T-1 steels either beat
treaied or noi: heat treated. However, all such weld- 0.50 Cr
menta should be heat treated after welding.
4.035 Retention of blgh strength aod notch toughness In the 0.46Mo
beat affected zone (HAZ) depends on the rapid dissipation
of welding beat to permit formatloo mdesirable 0.32 Cu
microstructures. Thus, any practices wblcb subject
the steels to slow coi>ll:>g should be avoided, 0.26Si
4.036 Typical notch toughness data on firebox quality T-1
steel plate, Table 4. 036. 0.06V
TABLE 4 036 +B
~rce 5\110
T-1 T-1
orm Plate
QWilliV
Thickness-In
est
Firebox
Specimen Condition
Orientation of
o.s
Notch to mhncss
D-.!Ctlllty
Fracture
Apl'earance
Transition Transittnn
45
35
.........
-- --- -"\"1...... ~
\
T-1 AND T-1 TYPE A
"
Specimen Temo-Fia\ Temn-Ffh\ T-1
jKinzel Notch- bend L unwelded -68 -67
T
L
unwelded
welded
-62
-42
-59
-42
'
gj25
1\, 0.50Cr
0.25 Si
~,
-so
~..:
T welded -47
NRL drop-weight
L
L
welded +(c)
stress rei.
welded (d)
-30
-80
-7:1
-
<
!I: IS
\- 0.22 Mo
0.05 v
NRL bulge-exploslo
T
-
welded (d)
welded (d)
-80
-
-
-51J(e)
AS 400 600 800 1000 1200
I 0.02Ti
!ifDiiCtUity transition temperature at middle ol band for Kinzel notch- 1400
QUENCHED
bend and total !allure at 3 percent angle for NRL drop-weight test
(b) Fracture appearance transition temperature selected at SO% shear
TEMPERIKJ TEMP - F +B
for Kinzel notch-bend and faUure across plate for NRL bulge-explo- FIG. 1.062 EFFECT OF TEMPERIKJ TEMPERATURE ON
s!on test HARDNESS (S) T-1 TYPE A
(c) Stress relieved at liOOF for I hour
(d) Hard facing electrodes
(e) Fracture-arrest transition temperature
TABLE 4 037
Snurce Sll 0
llov T- Tv~ A
Form Plate
bualltv Firebox
!Thickness -In 0.5
est Notch Touahness
Specimen Condition Ductility Fracture
Orientation ol Transition Appearance T-1 AND T-1 TYPE A
Specimen Tcmp-F(a) Transition
Tcmo-Fib
Kinzel notch-bend L welded -56 -44
L welded+
stress rcl(c -40
- -12
- 35
u
I NRL d~nnwPI.,ht L
(a)(b)(c)(d) see Table 4. 036
welded ldi -60 - ..:
CODE 1103
PAGE
FeC FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
20
T1
~
0. 75 IN PLATB ~
15
../" ~
f
~ 10 1-
<
~
NORMALDC
MAGNETIZATION CURVB
5
0
0
l/
5 10 50 100 200 300
H OBRSTBDS
Fe
0.17 c
0.8~3Mn
0.50 Cr
0.25 Si
0.22 Mo
0.05 v
o.m~ Ti
+B
T-1 TYPE A
120
Tl
10
BAR AND PLATE
AS CAST
... -;.::. ~
--
v
T1 100
16FT STRIPS
l'
0::
~
8
80
lj
>-
:5...
"'::l::; 6
TIDAL--~ 1'------
-----
lil
:.t
60
/I
/I/
Ill ZONll .J.VG OF'J
f-
< 4
~i:J~~
/J
,1
0::
z0 IMMBRSBD QNB
1--
8
r.v--
v
0:: 2
0:: SBA WATBR 20
0
u CORROSIIN ---a.Ox 1.51NBAR
0 ~ --0.251NPLATE
0 4 8 12 16 0 I t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
DISTANCE FROM TOP OF STRIP FT
STRAII\.'-IN PER IN
FIG. 2.034 RBSULTS OF TWO YBAR BXPOSURB
TBSTS OF STRIP IN SBA WATBR FIG. 3.0211 TYPICAL TENSILE STRBSSSTRAIN DIAGRAMS
(5) FOR CAST BAR AND PLATE (12)
CODE 1103
PAGE 6
MARCHI965 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe(;
100 I 0.88Ni
0.50 Cr
I Q46Mo
0.32 Cu
v
80
0.26Si
60 0.06V
I T-1
+B
20
I 0.17
Fe
c
1/
Fey 127 KSI
Be 30.2 x 1oJ KSI
I I 0.86Mn
2 4 6 8 0.50 Cr
STRAIN - PBRCBm'
TYPICAL COMPRBSSIVB STRESS
0.25 Si
FIG. 3.0221
STRAIN DIAGRAM FOR T-1 STBBL
022 Mo
AT Road TI!MPBRATURB (1) OL---~----~----~--~----~--~
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0.05V
Tl!MP- F
FIG. 3.0312 TYPICAL TBNSILB PROPERTIES FOR T-1 AliD T-1 0.02 Ti
TYPB A STBBL AT VARIOUS TI!MPBRATURBS (3X5)
+B
T-1 TYPE A
140 160
~
0 T1STBBL
T1 HT
LONLY
~ 140
120
-so
--
li!
lil
Fru
_.........._ )<
)<
100
__. >--:: 120 '
.t
i:!
"'
80 100
150 .:. -5 F FTY
oe SOP
o6ooP
80
60
10"5 10" 4 10"3 10"
2 -
10 I
STRAIN RATB- IN PBR IN PBR SEC
PLATE THICKNESS IN
FIG. 3.0.113 BFFBCT OF STRAIN RATE ON TBNSILB
FIG. 3.0231 BFFBCT OF PLATE THICKNESS ON CHARPY PROPBR1111.S OF Tl AT VARIOUS TBM-
V-NOTCH IMPACT TRANSITION TI!MPBRATIJRB PBRATIJRBS (5)
(5)
CODE 1103
PAGE T
re\J
FER.ROUS ALLO YS MARCHI965
60
0.15 c
Fe
L
40
092 Mn
088N i
20
Q50C r 60
~
Q46M o ...E!.
0.32 Cu 40
Q26S i
0.06V 20
L T
+B e " 0.63 IN} PLATE
0 .C. 2.0 IN
0
T-1 -80 -40 0 40 80 800 900 1000 1100
TEMP .P
TEMP- F
Fe PIG. 3.0331 BPPBCT OF TBMPI!RA1URE ON
FIG. 3.042 CRI!I!PR UPruRB STRRN:;TH OF
CHARPY V-NOTCH VALUHS FOR
0.17 c T-1 PLAT!! (5)
T-1 SI'I!BL AT VARIOUS TI!MPRRA1URES
(5)
0.86M n
0.50C r 100
T-1
~
025 Si
022 Mo 80
0.05V \
0.02 Ti
+B
T-1 TYPE A
60
"\
20
STIII!SS FOR 1%
CREEP IN 10,000 HR
\\
0
700
I
800
I ~
900 1000
TI!MP- F
PIG. 3.043 TYPICAL CRBBP DATA FOR T-1
SI'EI!L (3)
100
TI-1 Atl) T-1 TYPE A
1.75 IN PLATE
Pro 116. 2 KSI
80
.a 80
60
~l
(FOLISHBO SPECIMEN)
(0, 25 IN RBOUCRD DlA)
-
ROTATIK l - BEAM TE5I'S
.a
TRMP- P 1:as Ill" 107 10 8
PIG. 3.0332 BPFBCT OP TI!MPRRA1URE ON ~BRR OF CYCLES
CHARPY VNOTCH VALUES FOR
T-1 TYPI! A PLATE PIG. 3.051 5-N CURVES FOR T-1 Atl) T-1 TYPE A PLATE
(5)
AT ROCfd TBMPI!RA1URE (5)
CODE 1103
PAGE 8
l'
80 T1 Fe
T-1
1\_
0.5 INPLATB
0.5 INPLATB
HR SURFACB TRANSVBRSB
BUTTWBLDBD JOINTS
Ql5 c
HT
60 Q92Mn
~
RT
=
cS
0.88Ni
~ u.so Q50Cr
0.46Mo
~
PULSATIN:> TBiiON FATIGUB
~ 0.75
Q32Cu
1o5 to6 10 20 so 100 200 500 1000 2COO 0.26Si
NUMBBR OF CYCLBS
N!NBBR OF CYCLBS 0.06V
FIG. 3.052 SN CURVBS FOR T-1 PLATH AT Roet./1
FIG. 4.038 BFFBCT OF STRBSS RATIO ON FATIGUB LIFB OP
TBMPBRATURB (5) TRANSVBRSB BUTTWBLDBD SPBCIMBNS (5) +B
T-1
32
T1
Fe
28
"~ 0.17
0.86Mn
c
~
24 ~ 0.50Cr
"\ 025 Si
Iii
=-:
~ 20
B
1\ 0.22 Mo
Q05V
16
\' 0.02Ti
+B
.,
''i'
....,., 12
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
RBPBRBNCBS
--
7 Uoitecllbllos Slee1 Corp., "Avallabilldes Guide, Quall
120
1--. lies, Forms, Sizes and Properties, USS Tl and T-1
"I)pe A Sleels", (May 1963)
8 Alloy Digest, "Cartlloy T1", PlliDg Code: SA-25, Steel
Alloy, (January 1955)
9 Uoitecllbllos Slee1 Corp., "Haw 1D Weld T-1 and T1
"I)pe A Steels", l'llhlicatloo No. ADUCO 01006, (l.al:est
revision)
10 Fuzak, P. P. and PelllDl, W. S., "Bvaluatlon of the Slgolfl
c:aoce ol OJarpy TeBtB for Quench and Tempered Steels",
The Weldlng Joumal Vol. 35(6), Research Suppl. 275-S
CCMPRBSSION ID 2905, (1956)
TAN:>BNT MODULUS 11 DalaL N., Keales, T. L. and Balley, R. B., "Reac111r
I I PreAUrC Vessel Design for Nuclear Reactloas", Sympo
0 Blum on Radlatloo Bffects on Materlals, Vol. 3, ASTM
0 8 16 24 32
STP No. 233, (1958)
1000 KSI 12 McDoanell A1rcraft Corp. , "McchiDlcal Properties and
Weldahlllty of Cast'T-1 Sleel", from First Quarterly
PIG. 3.064 TYPICAL CCMPRBSSION TAN:>BNT
ProgreBB Report oo Uopuhllllbed Materlala Research and
MODULUS CURVB FOR T1 STBBL DevelopMDt Prognms, Rep. No. 8743, Vol, IV, Ser.
(I)
1, (AprU 1962)
CODE 1103
~.,.
PAGE 9
.. ).~
"'I.'.P
FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
......,.
Mlov
AM5
TABLB 1.04
IAllov
P .. -t0.3C: t-o.
11
.211Mn
2.014
2.015
2.016
Thermal expaaaloa, Flg. 2. 014.
Specific beat, Flg. 2. 015.
Thermal dlffualvlty
IP.,rm Wr..mtr C. or
l'l!rc- Percent 2. 02 Other l'byalcal Propertle!
Carbon
Mia
0.28"
Max
0.33
Mia
0.28
~ ..
0.33
2. 021
2.022
Density 0. 283 lb per cu ID, 7. 83 JIT per cu em, (11),
Blectrlcal realatlvlty, Flg. 2.1)22.
2. 023 Magnetic properties. Steel Ia ferromagnetic.
Manganese 0.40 0.60 0.60 1.00 2. 024 l!mlaalvlty
SUicon 0.29 0.35 0.60 2. 025 Damplag ca~clty
l'boapborua 0.040 o.os
Sulfur 0.010 o.os 2. 03 Chemical Properties. See 4340
Cbrcmlum 0.80 1.10 0.75 1.10
Molybdenum 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.30 2. 04 Nuclear Propert.le
Iron Balance Balance
AMS 6361 aDd 6362 give 0. 27. 3. MIICHANICAL PROPBRTIBS
CODE 1201
PAGE
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963
TABLI! 3 011
Fe Sour"" AMSL4l I AMS(3) I AMSl2l
llov Fe- O. 3C -0. 95Cr-O. 20Co
0.3 c Form
Cnndlrtnn
Seamless tub!AA
Heat treated
0.95Cr Size- In 0.188 Maximum 00<0.500 00<0.500 ~0.500 o~.soo
Wall thickness Walls0.188 Wa11~.188 Walls0.188 Wall>0.188
0.2 Mo ~'tv mln-ksl 150 125 95 90 95
Pfl' mlnksl
e( In) -percent
135 100 75 70 75
90
70
4130 a) Full tube 10 12 10 10 12 15
b) Strip
Grain size,
6 7 - - 7 10
ASTM No min 5 5 s s s s
A heat of steel or grain size predominantly 5 or less, with grains as large as 3 Is permissible.
3. 032 Compression
3.012 Grain size speclllcaUons on bars, forgings arr:l forging 3.0321 Stress strain diagrams
stock (5), on heavy wall tubing for machining (6), arr:l 3. 03211 Stress strain curves for sheet at roum arr:l elevated
on sheet, strip and plate (1) same as on footnote, temperatures In compression, Pig. 3. 03211.
Table 3. 011. 3.0322 I!Cfect or room arr:l elevated temperatures on yield
3.013 Typical room temperature prc.::'Crties of wrought and strength or sheet In compression, Pig. 3. 0322.
cast alloy, Table 3. 013. 3.033 Impact
3.0331 I!CCect of la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on Charpy V
TARLI'! ~- 013
[:Source Impact properties at various streagth levels, Pig.
(11
Alloy Fe- o. 3C)O. 95Cr-o. 20Mo 3.0331.
3.034 Berr:llng
Form Wrought, rod Cast 3.035 Torsion and sbear
Corr:lltlon HR CD 3.0351 .Effect of room aDd e:evated temperatures on shear
Norm 16501' strength of normalized and heat treated alloy, Pig.
+16001', WQ 3.0351.
AR Norm Ann Unann Ann 11SOF, AC 3.036 Bearing
Ftu ksl 116 108 88 122 98 137 3.036! I!Cfect or room and elevated temperatures on bearing
""?' ksl
e( In) percent
70
22
65
27 30
60 105 82 109
3.037
strength or sbeet, Fig. 3. 0361.
Stress concentration
16 20 13.5
RA- percent 53 57 65 45 53 3!.2 3.0371 Notch properties
Hardness, BHN 229
Surface
207 179 248 201 - 3.03711 I!Cfect of la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on net frac-
ture stress and percent shear area on fracture surface
or shear cracked sheet specimens heat treated to 200
Ftu kal at room temperature, Fig. 3.03711.
3.03712 Comparison between two methods or determining frac-
3.02 Mechanical Prope rtles at Room Temperature tm., stress arr:l fracture appearance, Fig. 3. 03712.
3.021 Tension 3.03713 I!Cfea or la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on tensile
3.0211 Stress strain diagrams propenles or smOoth specimens arr:l on net fracture
3.0212 I!Cfect or tempering terr.perature on tensile properties stress and percent shear area on fracture surface for
or casting, Pig. 3. 0712. shear _cracked heet specimens heat treated to 240
3.0213 I!Cfect or temperlnj; temperature on tensile propertl:s
~u lr.sl at room temperature, Fig. 3. 03713.
or bar, Fig. 3.0213.
3.03714 lllrect of la.v -and elevated temperatures arr:l load
3.0214 I!Cfect ol size or quenched bar on tensile properties
rate on net fracture stress and fracture ~tppearance
of specimens cut from Inside of bar, Fig. 3. 0214.
3.022 on fatigue cracked sheet specimens heat treated to
Compression
3.023 250 Ftu ksl at room temperature, Fig. 3.03714.
Impact 3.0372 Fracture toughness
3.0231 I!Cfect or tempering temperature on room temperature
3.038 Combined properties
Impact properties of extruded bar, Pig. 3.0231.
3.039 Other static properties
3.024 Berr:llng
3.025 Torsion arr:l shear
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.026 Bearing
3.041 Creep rupture curves front 700 to 1100 1', Fig. 3,041.
3.027 Stress concentration
3.0271 Notch properties, see section 3, 0326.
3.05 Fatigue Properties
3.028 Combined properties
3.051 SN curve at room temperature In rotating bending,
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures Fig. 3.051.
3.031
3.052 I!C!ect or weld configuration arr:l surface grinding on
Tension
3.0311 fatigue lite at sheet In axial loading at room tempera
Stress strain diagrams
ture, Fig. 3. 052.
3.03111 Stress strain curves for sheet at room and elevated
temperatures in tension, Fig. 3.03111. 3.06 l!lutlc Properties
3.0312 I!Cfect or la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on tensile 3.061 Poisson's ratio 0. 23, (18), 0. 288, (24).
properties of normalized arr:l heat treated bar, 3.062 Modulus or elasticity
Pig. 3.0312. 3.0621 I!Clect al room and elevated temperature on elastic
3.0313 I!Cfect of room arr:l elevated temperatures on tensile modulus In tenalon and compreaslon aa determined
properties of sheet, Pig. 3. 0313. from ""Iitle stress stnln curves, Fig. 3. 0621.
3.0314 I!Cfect or room and elevated temperatures, strain 3.063 Modulua al rigidity
rate arr:l holding time on tenaUe properties of normal- 3.064 l!lrect of streas and teU-.penture on tangent modulua In
Ized sheet, Fig. 3, 0314. compreaalon, Fig. 3. 064.
3.0315 I!Cfect or room arr:l elevated temperatures, strain rate
krr:l holdlllg time on tensile properties or heat treated 4. FABRICATION
sheet, Pig. 3. 0315.
3.0316 I!Cfect of teat temperature arr:l strain rate on tensile 4.01 Formability
properties or high strength sheet In range exhibiting 4.011 General
strain aging, Fig. 3. 0316.
CODE 1201
PAGE 2
FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
CODE 1201
PAGE 3
~'W't I
0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
ll
"'
l) .. L )<25m
"'~ I
Q 1
4130
"'
<
;.:
40
l RC ~ .
..:1
iil
"'8
:00: 20
"'
0
0 200 .f()J 600 800 1000 1200
FIG. 2. 013 THBRMAL CONDUCTIVITY (2')
TEMPERIN3 TEMP F
1600 ~-------------r----------------r-----~F-e~~o~.~3~-o~.~95C~r~
-o~.~20C~o-,
A AUSTENITlZED AT 1550F
. "'"
Fe-(0. 3C)O. 95CrO. 20Mo
"' r--
~ 1000
....
400 ~1------------~1~0~--------~1~
------------~r-----~~~_J
FRQd RT TO T i P
TIMB SECONJS INDICATED1
2
FIG. 2. 01211 TIMETBMPBRATURBTRANSFORMATION DIAGRAM FOR 400 0 400 800 1200 1600
ALLOY AUSTENlTlZED AT 1550 F (30, p. 101) TEMP P
CODE 1201
PAGE 4
FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
0.40 240
Pe-(0. 3C)-D. 95Cr-o. 20Mo Fe
0.3 c
0.35 240 200 0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
ii:" 0.30 ~ 200 16(1 ~
' ~4130
~ [.
E 0.25 160 120
"'
SPECIPtC HI!AT
0.20 80
~
/ \ ~40~--4---~--~~~
_....v
0.15
u
re
0.10
0 fOO 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 800 141>)
TEMP- F TEMPERIN:l TEMP P
PIG. 2.015 SPECIFIC HI!AT (24) J>IG, 3.0212 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIN:l TEMPERA
TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
CASTIN:l (1~
.160 ~
40
Pe-(0.3 )-0. 95CrO. 20Mo
~ECTRICAL
v
RESISTIVITY
10 /
[7 0 o~-----40~o~--~so~J~~-~2~00----I-J400
0 400 BOO 1200 TEMPERIN:l TEMP P
TEMP- F
PIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF TEMPnt!I.C TEMPERA
FIG . 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVrrY TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
(24) BAR (II)
CODE 1201
PAGE !5
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963
0.95Cr
iil 120
~ FTU RT
I~ r--
.0.2 Mo :.:
80 I--+~4~00~F-1--......:j
4130 80 EXPOSURE
1/2 TO 10 HR
120
0.505INTE NSILE SPECIMENS CUT
PROM CENI'ER (I INDIA) OR AT
MIDRADIUS (2 AND 3 IN DIA)
80
!a1>1 RA
t)
0:
1>1
"' 40
e 2 IN)
0
J I 2 3 4
DIAMETER OF QUENCHED BAR IN 0.004. 0.008 0.012
STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3. 0214 EFFECT OF SIZE OP QUENCHED BAR ON FIG. 3.03111 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SPECIMENS CUT SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
FROM INSIDE OF BAR (11) TEMPERATURES IN TENSION
(25, FIG. 43, 49, 57)
200r-----r---~~--~----~--
--~
Fe(O. 3C)-O. 95CrO. 2lMo
B.~R
iil
:.:
so t---"1:-<;~-+-.......;~~~--~----1
120
Fe(O. 3C)-O. 95CrO. 20Mo
11NBAR
80
15501600 F, WQ+TEMPER
/
IECHAR PYV/
v
t: 40
___./
v !220 r----+~~~~--~~~~~
1>1
t)
~
0:
1>1
400 600 80)
TEMPERIJIXI TEMP F
1000 121>)
"' 0 ~---~----~
40J 0 ----~-----~----~
'OJ BOO 1200 1600
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERIJIXI TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT PROPBRTIBS FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF LOW AND !!.LEVATED TEMPERA
OF EXTRUDED BAR (11, TBL. 3) TURES ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
IZED AND HEAT TREATED BAR (24) (25)
CODE 1201
PAGE 6
t-eUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
... ...
~
:/1
~
r-----~----~----------~----~----~200
Fe(O. 3C)-O. 95CrO. 20Mo
Fe
0.3 c
0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
2)0
4130
- 160 --1-~..--"H------1 80 -
"'
:.: "'
:.:
>- ::J
l-'
~120 l-__:~.::r40 11.
80 0
40
.125 INS EET
HT TO 170 KSI FTU AT RT
oe O.OM IN SHEET
HTTO 125 KSI F T RT
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
120
80
~w~~~~~--4-----~-----+----~~~~
J 401-----+-----4-----~~~--~---__:~~~~
~40
Ill
u
"'
0 lo~::;2too;::::4!oo~==:;~~~l==::~8!oo;=::~,o~o~J====~,2oo
Ill
....
TEMP- F
CODE 1201
PAGE 7
FeUH
\ ....)
Fe
0.3 c
0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
80
4130
....... ,.:
CODE 1201
PAGE 8
FeUH
MARCHI963 FERROUS ALLOYS
--- -
Fe-(0. 3C)-O. 95Cr-O. 2~Mo
0.064 IN SHI!lrr
120
Fe-(0.3C) -o, 95Cr-o. 20Mo Fe
;!!.i!.OR~2S ICSI RT FTU
100 -Lin ' 160 TO 180 ICSI FT .ATRT 0.3 c
;d:,40.: F
;,;::R 80 --....... 0.95Cr
80
'..,~Oi F
z_ 80[ F i2 ~~~L~;,- --- ~ 0.2 Mo
40
v UK~'
I/2HR 0
0 200 400 600
TEMP- F
800 1000
'"""-
1200
0
I COMPaBf lON (T)
0 o. 004
o. 008 o. 012
STRAIN - IN PI!R IN
FIG. 3, 03211 STRI!SS STRAIN CURVI!S FOR SHI!lrr
AT ROCM AND I!LI!VATBD TI!MPI!RA-
TURI!S IN Ca.!PRI!SSION
(25, FIG. 54-58)
120
Fe(O. 3C)O. 95Cr-O. 20Mo
~
;
80-
---- -~
0. 064 IN SHI!Irr
-
HT TO 2S ICSI P :.J AT RT
1
~~
~- 40 ....
''"'"'
FTY '
0 0
200 4QoJ 500 800 1000 1200
TEMPF
PIG. 3,0322 EFFI!CT OF ROCM AND I!LI!VATBDTI!MPI!RA
TURI!S ON YIELD STRBN:lTH OF SHI!Irr IN
Ca.!PRI!SSION (25, FIG. 40)
- ---- ~ I'..
~ 2il
'I
A.
~
- - - 100 - 120 KSI
0 - - -:83 - 95 K"Si
-400 -2oa o 200 400
TI!MP- F 40 0 200 400 600 800 10110 1200
FIG. 3.0331 I!FFI!CT OF LOW AND I!LI!VATI!O TBM TEMP- F
PI!RATURI!S ON CHARPY V IMPACT PRO- FIG. 3.0361 BFFI!CT OF ROCM AND I!LI!VATBDTBMPBRATURB
PI!RTII!S AT VARIOUS STR~H LI!VI!LS
ON BI!AROO STR~TH OF SHI!BT
(24, FIG. 77)
(25, FIG. 42, 44)
CODE i201
f'AGE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963
2~r-----~----~------r------r-----,
Fe Fe-(0. 3C)-O. 95Cr-O. 2uMo
0.100 IN SHEI!T
0.3 c 11, 68 MIN, 0Q + 825 F,1 HR
1700
0.95Cr 200~~~~~~~t:---r---1
0.2 Mo lC
J Fc-(0.3C)-0.95Cr -0.20 Mo
0.100 IN SHEET
~
<e200~~~--+~~~=a~~~-~+---4-~
170r F,6S Ml~ OQ, +825 F,l HR :c
2JO "'
;; NET FJACTURE lrrRESS ~ lbO t---+---~i----+-~~~--~~~~+--4
~
~
lC
lC
160 ~'-... ...
~~
~ ~ t---t-----+---~----t----+----~-4
........... ~ '(/'
:c
"'
Ill
f "l:f''
;;;
:..:
120
u 120
lC
...
N
~
< 80 ~
, F~CTURE APi'EARANCE-% S!iEAR 80
tl. .STAND~ RD SPECIMENS, STRAIN RATE
0.0001/SBC
SHEAR CRACKED SPECIMENS, CROSSHEAD RATE
iil fO 0.01 IN/MIN 1----3 V~
:..:
fO
I o.@ _yiTr2
0 L--4---~-----~-S_H~EA~R~C~R~A~C~K~ED~S~PEC~IM~E~N~~
0 0 FATIGUE CRACKED SPECIMENS
-200 0 200 400 6()) 800
IJ SHiR CRACiED SPECLENS
TEMP- F
a
-200 0 2()) 40U 600 SOJ FIG. 3.03713 EFFECT OF LOW AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
TEMP- F ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SMOOfH SPECIMENS,
AND ON NET FRACTURE STRESS AND PERCEI'IT
FIG. 3. 03712 COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO MBTHOOS OF SHEAR AREA ON FRACTURE SURFACE FOR SHEAR-
DllTERMINING FRACTURE STRESS AND CRACKED SHEET SP2CIMENS HEAT TREATED TO
FRACTURE APPEARANCE. 240 FTU KSIAT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(22, FIG. 39, II, TBL. 42, 14, iS) (22, FIG. 8, TBL. 8, 9)
CODE 1201
PAGE 10
FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS AL~OYS
.... ~
b 260
Pe-(0. 3C)-o. 95Cr-o. 20Mo Fe
0.040 lN SH.BBT
iii
:.0:
570 P 1 30 MlN (ARGO~ OQ, 0.3 c
I 220
0.95,Cr
~
0.2 Mo
E
Dl 180
4130
t;
<
a: 140
"'
!;;
z
a: 50
~ PIG. 3.051 SN CURVE .AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 1N
ill
I
RarATING BENDING (27, FIG. 4)
~ 100 1---t!KPt:}-+-M----e~~...a.,e-o....o---1
~
0
200 400 600
TEMP- P
PIG. 3:037.14 EPPBCT OF LOW AND ELEVATED TEMP-
ERATURES .AND LOAD RATE ON NIIT FRACTURE
STRESS .AND FRACTURE .APPEARANCE ON
FATIGUE CRACKED SHEIIT SPECIMENS HEAT
TREATED TO 250 PTU KSI AT Road TEMPERA-
TURE (23, 'Il!L. 3A5.A)
200
I- I HR AT 110 KSI Rs2. 7~ Fe-(0.3C)O. 95Cr-o. 20Mo
700 F ~ O.I25 INSHEIIT
100 O. I2S ~ 180 TO 2il3 P KSI
80 ::.J 3 .0 ~ ............ ,..,_, ~TRT
~ !...ann"
60
- 103
on
:.0:
1 80
'.
~ .
'~~
~
>:
60
-UNWELDED
'...:: '
~
'
;j - - PlSHMOUTH WELD, GROU
""
----- BlTIT WELD, UNGROUND}- [IJ
---- BlTIT WELD, GROUND
20
~ CURVES FAIR ED THROUGH MEANS OF .APPROX
1>--1100 F
8 TBSTS1 EACH .AT 0. 6 FTU, 0. 4 FTU, 0, 3 FTU
4 5 6
10 10 10
NUMBER OF CYCLES
10
10 100 1000
TIME HR PIG. 3.052 EFFBCT OF WELD CONFIGURATION AND
SURFACE GRINDING ON FATIGUE LIFE OF
FIG. 3.0H CREEP RUPruRE CURVES FROM 700 SHEIIT IN .AXIAL LOADING AT Road TEMP
TO 1100 F (21) ER.ATURE (15, FIG. 2 TO 5)
I
..... " CODE 1201
PAGE II
rvun
"'l!...
Fe Fe-(0.3C) -Q. 95Cr-o. 20Mo RBFBRBNCBS
0.3 c O.OS4INSHBBT
HT TO 125 FTU AT RT 1 AMS 6351, (Dec. 1, 1953)
32 2 AMS 6360D, (Feb. 15, 1953)
0.95C r
e-- ~ 3 AMS 6361, (JUDe 1, 1942)
0.2 Mo (-!:._ i'--- 4
5
AMS 6362, (June 1, 1942)
AMS 6370D, (Oct. 1, 1951)
!2 24 6 AMS 6371C, (Oct. 1, 1951)
4130 8 OB}STATIC
7 AMS 5336, (July 1, 1957)
""' \
5: 8 Bendix Aviation Corp., '"Process SpeeJflca tlon 4130 Steel,
OBc No. P. S. 2101-4130, (March 18, 1958)
16 1\. 9 Wyma.a..Oordon, '"Forging Tempera ture Spec:Uicatlons on
Csrboo Steels,'" (Jan. 19, 1959)
STRAIN RATB
10 Sachs, George, '"Survey of Low Alloy Aircraft Steels Heat
0.01 IN PBR MIN
Treated to High Strength Levels,'" WAOC TR 53254, Plan
8 0
L (Aug. 1954)
4,
200 400 600 BOJ IOJO 1200 11 Alloy Digest AISI 4130 FUing Code SA 23 Steel-All oy,
TBMJ'- F (New. 1954)
12 Hayues StellJte Co., '"Haynes Low Alloy Steels, '" (1959)
FIG. 3.0621 BFFBCT OF ROOM AND BLBVATBDTBMl'BRATURBS 13 Geueral Dynamics Corp., ''Determi nation of Mechanic al
ON BLASTIC MODULUS IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION Propenle s of Material 4130 Steel Weldlag, '" Rep. No. FTOM
AS DBTBRMINBD FROM STATIC STRBSS STRAIN CURVBS 1626, (AprU 6, 1962)
(25, FIG. 4858) 14 Geaeral Dynamics Corp., '"Btfect of Incomple te Root Pene
tratlon on Mecba.alcal Propertie s of Wlag-lnb oard Pylon Box
and Outboard Pylon Plate Welds,'" Rep. No. FGT-1997 ,
(AprU 9, 1962)
15 McDonnell Alrcralt, 'Tenslle Fatigue Test ot Welds on 4!30
Steel,'" Rep. No. 8875, (July 10, 1962)
16 General Dynamics Corp., MBvaluatlon ot Flller Metals
(Biectrod es and Weldlag Rods) for Low Alloy Steels, '" Rep.
No. FTOM 2776, (Jan. 30, 1962)
17 McDonnell Aircraft Co., First Quanerly Progress Repon
oo
Unpubllahed Materials Research and Developm ent Programs
,
Rep. No. 8743, Vol. 11, Serial 1, (AprU 10, 1962)
18 O'Keef,., D. P., '"Development of Methods for the Oetermln
a-
tlon ot Blalltlc Constanta for Sheet Metal at Elevated Tempera
ture,'" General Dynamics Rep. No. ERR-FW-Q53, (March
7,
1962)
19 McDonnell Aircraft Co., '"Brazing ot 304 to 4130 and Oxidation
Protection ot Vaacojet 1000, .. Rep. No. 8877, Serial No.
1, ......
(July 10, 1962)
20 McDonnell Aircraft Co., First SemiAnn ual Summary Repon
oo Unpublished Materials Research and Developm ent Programs
,
Repon 8938, Serial 1, (July 10, 1962)
21 Babcock and WUcox Co., Data Sheet'on 4140, 4130
and 410
Steels, (1962)
22 Morrison , ], D., and Kattus, ]. R., SlD1Jmary Technica l
Fe(O. 3C)O. 95CrO. 20Mo Repon on '"AD Investigat ion of Methods for OetermiDing the
100 1--- +--- 0. 0625 Crack-Pr opagation Resistanc e of High Strength Alloys, '"
IN SHEBT
Southern Research lnst. Prepared under Bu. Naval Weapons
3~J~.t:sT~ ~~~~~: ;~ Contract NO as 606040-c ,(Oct. 14, 1959 through Jan. 14,
1961)
TEST Southern Research Institute, '"An Investiga tion ot the Crack
23
Propagation Rl!slstanc e of High Strength Alloys and Heat
Resistant Alloys,'" Prepared under Bu. Naval Weapons
Contract NO as 61-D392-d. Bimonthly Progress Rep. No.
5,
(Nov. 23, 1961)
- 60 ~-~.....,::,'k---+-==l--++---i 24 Nonh American Aviation Data Sheet on Alloy Steel-AIS I 4130,
~ Al2604
25 Favor, Ronald J., Achboch, WUIIam P., and Hyler, Walter
S., Materials -Propert y Design Criteria for Metals, l'lart
7,
'The Conventional ShortTim e Blevated Tempera ture Proper
ties ot Selected Low and Medium Alloy Steels," WAOCTR
-55-
150, Plan 7
26 Miller, Donald E., '"Determination of the Tensile Compres
slve and Bearing Propenh: a ot Ferrous and Nonferro ua
STRAIN RATE Structura l Sheet Material at Elevated Tempera tures, '"
0. 01 IN P~R MIN AF TR 6517, Plan 5, ASTIA No. AD142218.
27 Manson, S. S., Nachtlgall, A. ]. , and Frecbe, ]. C., '"A
O COMPR ION Proposed New Relation for ClD11ulatlve Fatigue Damage In
0 10 20 30 40 Bendlag,'" Proc. ASTM, (1961)
TA~ENT MODULUS - KSI 28 WAOC, 'Tenslle Propertie s of Alrcraft Structura l Metals
at
Various Rates ot Loading After Rapid Heat1J18, '" Rep. No.
FIG. 3. 064 BFFBCT OF STRI!Ss AND TEMPERA 55t99, Pt. 2, ASTIA No. AD 110540, (Nov. 1956)
TURB ONTA~ENT MODULUS IN 29 Metals Handbook. ASM, Vol. 1, 8th l!dltloq,, (1961)
COMPRBSSION 30 United States Steel Co., '"Atlas of Isotherm al Tra.aator matlon
(26, FIG. 75) Diagrams ,'" (1951)
CODE 1201
PAGE 12
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
1. GENERAL
TABLE 1 0554
'Ibis Is a medlwn carbon chramlwn-molybdenwn steel
3
Fe
Source
widely used where the blgber strength capabUity and blgber
bardenalllllty of 4340 Is not req~~lred. It ls avaUable In all All.Qy_ FeC0.4C 1Cr0.2Mo
Recommended
0.4 c
commercial wrought forms and ls used for blgb strength Min tempering temp - F
castlngs,(1) (2. p.3) (3) (7). TensUe strengths up to240J:sl
Ftu - ksl tempering range - F I Cr
are readU y achieved through coaventiooal beat treatment, 200-220 700 750-850
0.2 Mo
(8), It can be nltrlded successfully. 180-200 800 850 - 950
160 - 180 950 950 1100
1.01 Commercial Designation. 4140. 4140
1.02 Alternate Designations. SAE 4140, AlSl 4140.
The deslgnatloo 4140 H denotes the steel Is supplied to
bardeuabUity limits.
CODE 12031
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
-- --
efl D), min - percent s 3 10 5
RA, min - percent 10 6 35 20
Hardness
-- - -
BHN, min - 302 360
max - 229 241 - -
3.013 Typical room temperature properties of unhardened cast-
Ings, Table 3. 013. TABLE 3 0233
Source 12
TABLE 3 013 Allov Fe-10.4Cl-1Cr-D. 2Mo
Source 2, p,25 1 Form Extruded bar
Allov Fe-(0.4C)-1Cr-0. 2Mo Thickness - In 374x3 f/8
Form Cast Charpy Keyhole Impact Rockwell
Condition As-cast Norm Condition
Ann strength (ft lb) hardness
Ftu - ksi 131.3 90 135 Lonll Trans
p -ksl 100.8 60 100 As -enruded 24.5 16.3 890
e ty- percent 6.0(1in) 25 (2in) 16 (2 In)
RA- percent 8.0 Norm, 1650 P, OQ
45 28 14.5 8.5 C-48
Hardness + t<':nper 2 hr, 600 F
BHN
RC
-
33.5
220
-
275
-
Norm, 1650 P, 0Q
+temper 2 hr, 900 F 23.0 10.5 C-40
Each value average of 4 tests
3.014 Typical room temperature properties of unhardened
wrought steel, Table 3.014. 3.0.'1 Mechanical Properties at Various Tempezatures
3.031 Shon time tension properties
....... ,
3.0311 Effect of test temperature on tensUe properties ol. heat
TABLE 3 014 treated bar and forging at various strength levels, Fig.
Source I 3.0311.
Allov Fe-10.4C -1Cr-D.2Mo 3.0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of
Form Wrouldtt alloy tempered at various temperatures, Pig. 3.0312.
!Condition As-rolled Ann Norm 3. 032 Short time properties other than tension
Ftu - ksi llO to 130 90 to 100 120 to 138 3. 0321 EUect of test temperature oo compressive yield strength
P - ksi 65 to 95 65 to 70 95 to 100 of bar and forgings, heat treated to various strength levels,
el! in)-perccn 15 to 20 25 to 27 18 to 22 Fig. 3.0321.
RA -percent 40 to 45 50 to 55 44 to 55 3. 0322 EUect of test temperature on shear strength of bar and
Hardness - forglngs 1heat treated to various strength levels, Pig
BHN 229 to 270 185 to 200 241 to 280 3.0322.
3. 0323 EUect nf test temperature on bearing strength nf bar and
forgings, heat treated to various strength levels, Pig.
3.0323.
3.0324 EUect of test temperature and various heat treatmentB 011
3.02 Mecllanical Properties at Room Temperature impact properties, Pig. 3. 0324.
3.021 Hardness 3.033 Static stress concentratloo eUects
3.0211 EUect of tempering temperature on room temperature 3.04 Creep a"rKI-creePRuptur e Propen"ies
hardneAs of castings and wrought bar, Pig. 3. 0211. 3.041 Creep curves at 1000 and 1200 P for sheet In various heat
3.0212 Effect of elevated temperature on room temperature hard- treated conditions, Pig. 3. 041.
ness of annealed and cold ro11ed bar, Pig. 3. 0212. 3.042 Creep curves at 600 P for steel, heat treated 180 to 200
3.0213 Effect of elevated temperature on room temperature hard- Flu -ksl, l"ig. 3. 042,
ness of heat treated and cold rolfed bar, Pig. 3. 0213. 3.043 Effect of coi<! rolling on rupture time of quenched and tem-
3.022 Tension properties ~red rod at v:orlous temperatures, Pig. 3. 043.
3.0221 Effect of tempering temperature on room temperature ten- 3.044 Effect of cold rolling on minimum creep rate of quencbed
sUe properties of cast steel, Pig. 3.0221. and tempered rod at various test temperatures, Fig. 3.044.
3.0222 Effect of tempering temperature on room temperature ten-
sUe properties of wrought bar, Fig. 3. 0222. 3.05 Fatigue Properties
3.0223 EUect of bar diameter on room temperature tensUe proper- 3.051 S-N curves at room tem;>erature for smooth and notched
ties of quencbed and tempered bar, Fig. 3. 0223. bar .In th~ longlrudlnal and transverse direction, Pig. 3.051.
3.0224 EUect of cold rolling on room temperature tensUe proper- 3;os2 S-N curv!"s at room tempen!ture for smooth bar, tempered
ties of bar, Fig. 3. 0224. to various strength levels, Pt~. 3. 052.
3.023 Properties other than tension . 3.053 S-N curves at room temperatur" for notched bar, tem-
3.0231 EUect of tempering temperature on room temperature pered to various strength levels, Pig. 3.053.
torsional properties of bar, Fig. 3. 0231.
3.0232 Effect of tempering temperature on rocm temperature im .. 4. FABRICATION
pact properties of bar, Fig. 3. 0232.
3.0233 Effect or tempering temperature on room temperature Im- 4.01 Forming an<! C:lslln&
pact properties of ruttrudoo bar, Table 3. 0233. 4.011 Porge at 2000 to 22 F with 1800 P minimum flnlsbing
temperature, (1).
'. FeUH
----
~- See43 40.
4.02
., 3/4 JN IllA BAR
0.4 c
See 4340.
4.03 Weldin g. ~ ......._
i'""
,., Heatin g and Heat Treati ng. See 4340.
~ .260
.JIY" -....:.; I Cr
~
~
4.04
0.2 Mo
R
v ANN160 0F,1:~
4.05
4.051
Surfac e Treatln &
This alloy may be nltrlde d to Improv e wear
resista nce, (1).
and abrasio n
hardne ss or
I uo .....,-- +HBA T 1 HR
+CR,
"""'- 4140
4.052 I!f!ect or tempe ring tempe rature on case
nitrlde d alloy, Fig. 4. 052.
~..:I AT INDICATBD TEMP
..:I
ga: 220
"" ll'l
COLD WORK (RA)
61\', 121\',
200 800 1000 1200
0 200 600400
~~~o,
TBMP - F
6,.-----~--~F~e--~~~.4C~)~-1~cr~-o~. TBMl'B RAnJR B ON ROOM
FIG. 3.0212 BFFBC T OF RLBVATBD AND
4140 H TBMPBRA'11lllB HARDNBSS OF ANNBAUID
COLD ROLLBD BAR {14, p.828)
~56
0
! 48
~40~--~~~~~~
..:I
..:I
~
~3 2~--~--+-~~~~
a:
AMS 6381A +6382 0
MINIMUM RBQUIRBMBNT
24L-----~-----L----- J~--~
8 24
16 32
0
DISTANCE FROM QUBNCHED END
SIXTB EN'lll IN
LITY (21)
FIG. 1. 061 END QUBNCH HARDENABI
i.o~----~--~~~~~~--~---;
~ -CA ST {2)
NORM, 1900 F, I HR, AC
~ +HAR D!600 F,1 HR,OQ
j!l: 32 + TBMPER --1-- --j-:l l,=:. ...:-+
-_,-- -i
~ e 1/2 IN DlA BAR
g NORM 1600 F
111 +HAR D !550 F, OQ
+TEM PER ,..,;.:{1:,:_)-1-- --11 ---- -l-+
--t
24
liN DIA BAR
OIL HARDEN
+TBM R (I)
16 1200 !400 TBMP - F
400 600 800 1000
ON ROOM
TEMPERING TEMP - F FIG. 3. 0213 BFFBC T OF BLBVATBD TBMPBRA'IURB
TBD
TEMPERATURE ON TEMPERA'IURB HARDNESS OF HBAT TRBA
FIG. 3.0211 EFFEC T OF TEMPERING GS AND COLD ROLI.BD BAR
ROOM TEMPE RATU RE HARDNESS OF CASTIN (14, p.827)
AND WROUGHT BAR (I) (2, p. 30)
CODE 1203
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
"'
80
TEMPERING TEMP P
PIG. 3. 0222 BPPBCT OF TEMI'BRING TEMPERATURB ON
ROOM TEMPBRATUi'.B TENSILE PROPBRTIBS
OF WROUGHT BAR
(J) (11) (13, p. 982)
ll"nn.,.
FeUH
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~~
1000 p
l\TU ~140
PTU
0.2 Mo
1\~ ~TY
140 ~
4140
120
~ 120
/
PTY\
100
80
60
SPECIMEN POSITION
BAR CENTER
.6.1/2 RADIUS
"' ......, 100
80
RA
~
.._ e
~ ~o.rs
0
0 10 20 30 40
~2IN) COlD ROLL - PBRCBNT
PIG. 3.0224 BPPBCT OF COlD ROLLING ON ROOM
TBMPBRATURB TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS
0
0 2 3 OF BAR
(14, p.820)
BAR DIAMETER - IN
PIG. 3. 0223 EFFECT OF BAR DIAMETER
ON ROOM TBMPERATURE
TEN;ILE PROPERTIES OF
QUENCHED AND TEMPERED
BAR (1)
"
""' ~
140
"""~
TORSION ULTD.t.\"1
'
80
600 800 1000
'
1200
TBMPBRING TEMP - P
FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEM-
PERATURE ON ROOM TEMPER-
ATURE TORSIONAL PROPER-
TIES OF BAR
(1)
I
CODE 12031
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
120
Fe Fe-(0.40)-lCr-o. 2Mo
e 1/2 IN DIA BAR
0.4 c NORM1600 F
I
0.2
Cr
Mo
..
..:I
80
+1550F, 0Q
+TEMPER
Al IN ROD
OIL HARDEN
t: +TEMPER
40
4140
01~~~~---b--~~
400 600 800 1000 12()1) 1400
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.0232 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT PROPERTIES
OF BAR (1)
Fe-(0.40)-ICr-o.
BAR, FORGINGS
160 ~
200
/ '
160
I
~ 120
/
~
"' B
~
~20~----+-~~ER~~-r--;
40 TEMPER
fe"' ,. 900 F
0 950 F
0 0 ll. 1100 T 1265 F
~0-----4~00~----800~--~,2~00~~
TEMP- F / 0 400
TEMP- P
800 1200
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPER-
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HEAT ATURE ON TENSILE PROPER-
TREATED BAR AND FORGINGS AT TIES OF ALLOY TEMPERED
VARIOUS STRENGTII LEVELS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURSS
(10, p. 219) (16, p.l13) (28, p.497)
I
CODE
~4GF"
FeUH
REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOY S
"''-'~
~ Fe-(0 .4C)-1Cr,.0.2 Mo Fe
BAR, FORGING~ 320
e/01.51'0 2.0
0.4 c
I Cr
:uo 0.2 Mo
TEMP- F
PIG. 3, 0321 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPBRATURE
ON COMPRESSIVE YlBLD STRENG11i
OF BAR AND FORGINGS, HEAT
TREATED TO VARIOUS STRENG11i
LEVELS (lO)
TEMP- P
PIG. 3,0323 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPBRATURB
ON BEARING STRBNG11i OF BAR
AND PORGlNGS, HBAT TRBATBD
TO VARIOUS STRBNG11i LB\'lU.S
(10)
...,.-,.
140
Fe-(0. 4C)-1CrIJ. 2MO
--1575 F, OQ
TBMPBR
120~--~~~~~--I:UOFTO
288BHN
---1575 F, OQ
TEMPER
~~~~~~~--1~5FTO
286BHN
--1650 F, AC
ro255 BHN
lB CliARPY V
ICODE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963
100 2000
Fe Fe-(0,4C)-1Cr-0.2Mo
80 O;OSO'IN SHBB1' -j,.------+64 HR IN NlTRATB
Fe-(0.4C)-1Cr-D. 2Mo
0.4
Cr
().2 Mo
c 6o
40
JIATII.AT 1_000 F
1000 F
1000
800
600
I
-I
/
v
U.75 IN ROD,
1600 P, 1 HR, OQ
+1170 P, +CR 2 Hit
400
4140 20
1\\i
2% l I
5\\j
~
"10\\i ~
0
10 ~
. ]<....
80
60
40
0 "'.__,_ ...,..
TBST :_I1!M i> F STRBSS JCSI
600 120
700 100
20 aoo 80
~
., 900 60
~~-'
35
0
10 20
- ~ -
30
--
----.
10 COlD ROLL - PBRCBNI'
1200 F
8 PIG. 3, 043 BPFBCT OF OOID ROLLING ON RUl'ItJRB
TD1B OF QUBNCHBD AND 'Jma'BRBD ROD
60 AT VARJ)US TBSI' TBMPBRA1URBS
(14.p.822)
40
20
101~--~----+--~~~~~~~~~
8~--~~----~-----+----~~--~
0.001 O.Dl 0. 1 1
11MB -HR
PIG. 3.1141 CRBBP CURVES AT 1000 AND 1200 P FOR SHBBT IN
VAJUOUS HBAT TR.BATBD CONDrriONS
0 8 Fe-(0.4C)-1Cr-D.2Mo
(17, p.36)
0.75 IN ROD
"
:1:
"
~
~ 0 'ifl.=---+----.j-AUST--1""'600~FI-,-l""'HR,__,-OQ~I
l;l +1170F, 2HR
~ +CR
0.1 1.L---~--~~--~~--~20~-~~n----;,100~-~200~~.00 10 20 30
11MB -HR
COlD ROLL - PBRCBNI'
FIG. 3, 044 BFPBcT OF OOlD ROLLING ON MINDruM
FIG. 3.1142 CRBBPCURVBSAT600FFORSI1mL, HBATTRBATBOTO
CRBBP RATB OF QUBNCHBD AND 'Im4PBRBD
180 TO 200 FruKSI
(16, p.l17) ROD AT VARIOUS TBST 11U.CPBRA1URBS
(14, p.&23)
I CODE i203l
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
1
~ Fe-(0. -1er-o.
D1 D2 r LONGITtlDINAL
Fe
120
o.~ o.215 o.o25
o.~ 0.21 o.o25 - - 1 - - - - - 1
0.4 c
0.29 0.22 0.015 I Cr
0.2 Mo
4140
7 8
10 10 10 109
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3,051 SN CURVBS AT ROOM TBMPBRATURB FOR
SMOOTH AND NOTCHED BAR IN THB LONGI
TUDINAL AND TRANsvBllsB DIRBC'DON
(13, p. 993)
1~
Fe-(0. 4C)1Cr-o. 2Mo
BAR
~~ LONGrryr mw-
120
~ '-...:.FTU237 KSI
I
100 ~ ~
~
""\
~
80
60
. ~
">
...
FTU 1~ ICSl-
~
FTullO ICSI
e 1500 F, 1 HR, OQ 64
+TEMPER 550 F, 1 HR ; Pe-(0.:)-1 er-4i;2Mo
.A. 1500 F, 1 HR, OQ
+TEMPER 1150 F, 1 HR
fli 1550 F, OQ
u +TBMPBR
NORM 1650 F
' + Nrl'RIDB IN Nlf3
+TEMPER 1200 F ROTBBAM ~ 60).l- --+-- (PLOB PROCESS)
20
I-r----a 7ft6 ~~-NO: FAILURE ~ 60HRAT9 7 P
t::Jt ~5 ~Mr-~~~---r--,
~
0.2151
OR 0.270
CONVBR FROM
105 1o6 107 108 ROCnBLL 15N
CYCLES TO FAILURE 521-.--.1---.1---J...---1
a; 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
FlG. 3.052 SN CURVES AT ROOM '!'BMPERA
TURE FOR SMOO'Ill BAR. TEM 11!MPBRING TBWP F
PERBD TO VARIOUI STRENGTH FIG. 4. 052 BPFBCT OP 'IlUoll'BRING TBMI'BRA'IUI.B
ON CASH HARDNBSS OF Nrl'RIDBD ALLOY
LEVELS (13, p. 993)(18, p. 5254)
(19, p.16)
ICODE 12031
FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED MARCH 1963
REFERENC BS
Fe 1 Alloy Digest, "AlSI 4140", Flllng Code: SA-18, Steel
0.4 c 2
Alloy, (May 1954)
Ha.unes Stellite Co., "Haynes Low Alloy Steels" (1959)
I Cr 3 BeDdlx Products Oiv., Data Sheet on 4140, No. P.S. 2101-
4140, (March 18, 1958)
0.2 Mo 7 Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc., "Ryerson Aircraft Steels",
Bulletin No. RM-88-8, (1958)
8 Florent!Do, R.J., Roach, D. B. ami Hall, A. M., ''Heat
4140 Treannent of High-Stren gth Steels for Airframe Applies-
tloos", DMIC Rep. 119, (Nov. 27, 1959)
9 "Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements", MILHDBK-5,
(Dec. 30, 1958)
10 Grobeclcer, D. W. (Techn. Editor), "Metals for Supersonic
Aircraft and Mlsslles", Proc. of the Conference "Heat
Tolerant Metals for Aerodynam ic Application s'; (Jan.1957,
pub!. 1958)
11 Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc., "Guide to Steel Selection",
Bulletin No. R 8-62
12 Fioreutlno, R. J. and Ssbroff, A. M.. "Avai!shilit y and
Mechanics! Properties of High-Stren gth Steel Extrusions ",
DMIC Rep. 138,(0ct. 26, 1960)
13 Evans, E. B., Ebert, L. J. and Briggs, c. W., "Fatigue
Properties of Comparabl e Cast and Wrought Steels", Proc.
ASTM. Vol. 56 (1956)
14 Sbshlnisn, P., Achter, M. R. aod Pennington, W. A.,
'"l'he ntfect of Cold Work and Temperatu re on Strength
ami Structure of Steel", Trans. ASM. Vol. 53, (1961)
16 Sachs, G., "S~ey of L01v!.Jioy Aircraft Steels Heat
Treated to High-Streng th Levels", (High-Stren gth
Steels and Their General Ststlc Properties) WADC TR-
53-254, Pt. 4 (Dec. 1953)
17 Mlller, J., Smith, L. W. and Porter, P. K., "Ut!lization
of Low Alloy Materials for High Temperatu re Service
Application s", United States Air Force, AF TR 5929,
Oune 1949)
18 Jackson, L. R. and Pochapsky, T. E., '"l'he Effect of
Compositio n on the Fatigue Strength of Decarburiz ed Steel';
19
Trans. ASM. Vol. 39, (1947)
The Nitrslloy Corp., "Nitralloy and Nltridln;~" (Including
,,..,.
The New Floe Process), (1954)
21 "Alloy Steel: Semiflnlshe d; Hot Rolled and Cold Finished
Bars", AlSI Steel Products Manual, Quly 1955)
22 AMS 5336, Ou!y 1, 1957)
23 AMS 5338, Ou!y 1, 1957)
24 AMS 6381 A. Qune 15, 1953)
25 AMS 6382 0. Oune 1, 1951)
26 AMS 6378, Ou!y 15, 1961)
27 AMS 6379, Quly 15, 1961)
28 Metals Handbook, 8th Edition, ASM Vol. 1 (1961)
CODE 1203
DAI.!:~ on
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
TABLE 1 0541
Form
Bar, forgings, tubing Source (2, p. 3, 8)
1.0572 Effect of tempering temperatur e on the tenelle properti9S 1.09 Special Considerat ions
Ft 1.0573
of bar, Figure 1.0572. 1.091 Decarburiz ation, although less pronoWICed than In the
Effect of tempering temperatur e on the tenelle properties
0.3 c of plate, Figure 1.0573.
higher carbon steels, should not exceed a very small
amount, particularl y for application s lnvclvlng repeated
1.8 Ni 1.06 Hardenabll ity
stresses. Decarburiz ation or carburizati on during normal
heat treatment (normaliza tion and austenltiza tlon) should
1.061 End quench hardenabil!Ly, Figure 1. 061
0.8 Cr 1.062 Hardness distribution In oil quenched bars of different
be avclded by using suitable, neutral protective atmos-
pheres, unless the surface layer can be removed following
diameters, Figure 1.062.
0.4 Mo 1.063 Effect of as-quenche d section size on the tensile properties
heat treatment.
0.07 v 1,064
of bar tempered at 1000F, Figure 1.063.
Effect of as-quenche d section size on the tensile properties
of bars tempered at 1200F, Figure 1. 064.
4330
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
V Mod 1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercia l range of sizes
for low alloy steels In the form of bar, forging, plate 1.092 Material heat treated to F tu ~ 220 to 260 ksi requires
and tubing.
1.072 All products are available In the annea!ed or normalized careful dsslgnlng to keep stress concentrat ions at a
condition, forgings also In heat treated condition. minimum and special measures during fabrication for
4337 and 4340 are given as guldo>s:
1.08 (a) Decarburiz ation must be completely removed.
Melting and Casting Practice
(b) Straighteni ng or heat treated parte should be
Electric furnace air melt. Induction and consumabl e
limited to 1/4 degree and performed at
electrode vacuum melts.
1.081 temperatur es between 70 to 200F followed by
ECCect of melting practice on mechanical properties ,
retemperin g at 390 to 410F, 4 hours.
Table 1. 081.
Straightene d sections must be shot peened.
(c) Grinding of beat tr'lated parte must be
TABLE 1.081
performed with extreme caution and must be
Source followed by baking at 365 to 385F and shot
(11)
peening.
Alloy Fe-(0.3C)- 1. 8NI-D. 8Cr-G.4Mo -O. 07V (d) Scale and rust removal should be by machining,
Form 4 Inch dia bar 3x5 plate 4 Inch dia bar sand blasting or wet blasting.
Melting P;:'ll(ll:ica (e) Vapor or solvent degreaslng must be used.
(a) I (b) (c)
Pickling and cathodic cleaning are prohibited
Condition (d) because of the susceptibU ity of Inducing
Actual Carbon Leve 0.33C 0.31C o.3oc hydrogen embritUem ent.
Dlrectiot L (f) Plating must be followed by baking at 365 to
T L ST L T 385F, 8 hours, minimum. lC parte are plated
Ftu, ksi 220.4 for oxidation protection before austeniUzln g,
222.2 213.7 216.2 229.9 230.1
Fty, ksl this must be followed by baking at 350 to 400~,
193.5 194.0 185.5 187.5 198.6 201.3 3 hours.
e(1 In), percent (g) A final baking at 250F, 24 hours Is required to
11.0 5.0 12.0 s.o 13.0 4.0
RA, percent 36.5 stabilize austenite. Alternative ly,
15.0 56.3 11.7 56.4 10.2 refrigerati on can be used. (Cleveland
Sharp Notch Pneumatic Tool 1958). Honing to a depth not
Strength , ksl 233.7 exceeding o. 010 Inch may follow shot peening,
168.2 250.6 198.8 251.9 192.9
but grinding after peening Is not permissibl e.
(a) Electric furnace air melt 1.093 Hydrogen embritUem ent Is a problem If the steel Is heat
(b) Vacuum stream degas treated to F tu above 200 ksl.
(c) Cyclic vacuum degas
(d) 1700F, l hr,AC + 1600F,1 hr,OQ +Temper at 600F,2 hr,AC
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTI ES
Dortmund - Horder ( cyclic vacuum degassing) process
2. 01 Thermal Properties
'\601 2. 011
2. 012
Melting range. 2645 - 2645F
Phase changes. This steel transforms from austenite to
~- ~D '-:tOOW
to ferrite and carbides on slow cooling and to martensite
on fast cooling. Critical temperatur es (approxima te)
~
(5,p.61)
Ac1 =1320F
root radius Yo7 In max. Ac3 = 1485F
Ar3 = 915F
Ar1 = 610F
Ms point 575F*
Me point = 360F*
*Determine d on specimens with o. 35C (Republic Steel
1958). See 4335V Mod.
2.0121 Tlme-temp erature-tl'll iUJformAti on diagrams.
2.013 Thermal conductivit y.
2.014 Thermal expansion.
2.015 Specific heat.
2.016 Thsrmal diffuslvlty.
lr 0.188 inch
thick
IIID.
on notch strength of a large forging, Figure 3. 02712. specimens) 48
3.02713 Effects of specimen size and teat direction on notob 49
strength of bar at varlol18 strength levala, Figure 3.02713 50
3.02714 Effects of stress concentration tempering temperature,
specimen ~lze and test direction on notch strength ratio
of bar, Figure 3.02714.
3.02715 The 100 hour rupture strength for cadmium-plated
"W a 1.5 inch to 3.4 inch ; 2a/W 0.4 to 0.5 ; 0.2 inch thick.
notched ban as a function of tempering temperature (Bl<ilept 0.4 inch thick)
and stress concentration, Figure 3. 02715
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969
~~H
118
100 2,0 X 104
R= 82 6,0 X 104
600 .016 70 1.1 X lOS
Source (15, p. 2- 4)
Alloy Fe-(0,3C)-1.8Nt-o.scr-o.4Mo-o.o7v
Form Forgings (1,45SI)
Condition - 1650F, OQ + Temper
Tempering Temperature 600F 1050F
Specimen Type Capped 0pP.n Capped Open
Cycling pressure, pel 7725 6180 7725 6180 8370 6975 5580 6975 5580
Cycles to lead 3417 8890 2889 7380 2660 3835 12,031 2809 6170
Burst pressure, pel 9300 9200 8800 9200 85~0 8400 8300 7700 8000
-a-
Hoop stress at burst - ksl 171 171 164 164 155 153 144 135 133
I
fu
...
. .
Capped- ,..... - ..
0
CD
0
0
0
..;
. .
.....
\& 3.06 Elastic Propert ies (see 4335V Mod. and 4340, 4337)
3.061 Poisson 's ratio.
3.062 Fe;o; 3C)-1. SNi-o. scr-o.4 Mo-o. 07V
Modulus of elastici ty.
3.063 Modulus of rigidity .
1-JNCH THICK CEVM PLATE (0.30C) Fe
1600F, 1 HR, OQ +TEMP ER (2 + 2 HR), AC
280
0.3 c
4. FABRICATION (see 4340, 4337) 1.8 Ni
4.01
4.02
ForDII!bllitv
Machining and Grindin g
c~"'" 0.8 Cr
240
0.4 Mo
.. ""
4.03 Welding
4.04 FTU
4.05
Heat Treatme nt
Surface Treatm ent ~ 0.07 v
240 t:--.. 200 ;
~ !-< 4330
200 "
r;_ 160
~
V Mod
"'-. FTY
)
~
~ 160 ~'
~
eL
~
~
OT
120
80
40 ~
~
~~ -
RA _J
~
0
r------r------~-----
r----~------~----~32
BAR 0 .A
v
l
1550 TO 1600F, 0Q + TEMPE R 0 400 600 800
1000 1200
280 TEMPE RING TEMPE RATUR E - F
FIG. 1.0573 EFFEC T OF TEMPE RATUR E ON THE TENSILE
PROPER TIEB OF PLATE (10)
~
I
240 t----r ----i- ----1- ----"F <:::... .::.0.. ..--+- -----1 200 ~
~
200
~
I
><
!-<
~
160
0
0.305C, 11/4 INCH (9)
0.30 C, 3/4 INCH (7) 60,.----..----------
Fe-(0.3 C)-1.8N l-o.scr- o.4Mo- o.07V
"'
1::.
~} 0.32C, 4 INCH (8)
120
80
40
!-<
z
f<l
~ 0
f<l
40
Po
301~----~-
---~------------~
0 8 16 24 32
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END -SIXTE ENTHS
IN
0
0 FIG. 1.061 END QUENCH HARDENABlLITY (12)
1200
... ..,
)
-::
TEMPE RING TEMPE RATtffi E - F
FIG. 1.0572 EFFEC T OF TEMPE RING TEMPE RATUR E ON TENSIL
E
PROPER TIES OF BAR (7, p. 11) (8, p. 30) (9)
' v...,,'
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969
200
Fe-(O,SC)-1. am-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo-o. 07V
Fe Fe-(O.SC)-1. BNt-o. 8Cr-D.4Mo-D. 07V
1lARS (L)
BAR
0.3 c 1550F, 0Q (0.305C)
180
1700F, AC + 1550F, OQ (IN SIZES SHOWN)
DIAME'IER, INCH +TEMPER AT 1200F, AC
1.8 Ni
~ _2..
--
0.8 Cr ~~ ""' 9
4
~
r 160 FTU
0.4 Mo
~ FTY~
0.07 v
140
:-::--~---.. ~
4330
V Mod
40
2 1 0 1
DISTANCE FROM CENTER -IN
2 ----....
FIG. 1.062 HARDNESS DISTRIBUTION IN OIL QUENCHED RA
60
BARS OF DIFFERENT DIAMETERS (13)
~
~ 40
HALF-RADWS POSITION
fol FOR BARS
&!fol 1 1/2 INCH DIAMETER
Ill
e(2 IN)
20
0
1 3 4 2 5 6
BAR DIAMETER -INCH
FIG. 1,064 EFFECT OF AB QUENCHED SECTION SIZE ON
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BARS TEMPERED
AT 1200F (5,p.79)
.:.... ... /
220 Fe-(O.SC)-1.8Nt-o.scr-o.4Mo-o.07V
Fe-(O.SC)-1. 8N1-D. 8Cr-6.4Mo-o. 07V
BARS (L) 1),320 - 12 INCH DIAMETER FORGING
280
1700F, AC + 1550F, 0Q (IN SIZES SHOWN) 1625F, 4 HR, AC + 1600F, 4 HR, 0Q + TEMPER
+ TEMPER AT 1000F, AC 2x3HR
20 0 Clol
~
18 0
1-- - 1---
-=::r---_ -
FTU 240
FTU
I~
16 0
HALF-RADIUS POSITION
FOR BARS
1 1/2 INCH mAMETER
---- ~200
.A..
FTY
"'-
~
<> <> 16 0
0
L
T QUENCHED AS
RA TUBE WITH 9 INCH lD
6 o_ t:. T, FLASH LINE
120
0 0
.. RA
20
e(2 IN)
0
0
~
"' - .. .I!.
e
_;;,
.A
~
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 0 200 400 600 800 1000
BA.'l DIAMETER -INCH TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
~.
FIG. 1.063 EFFECT OF AB QUENCHED SECTION SIZE ON
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BARS TEMPERED FIG. 3,0212 EFFECTS OF SPECIMEN LOCATION AND TEMPERING---
AT 1000F, (5,p.78) TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF A LARGE
FORGING (14, p. 20)
l'lt.VIS~D: MARCH 1969 t-t.I1HOUS ALLOYS
RA
"'""
IEIZODV
500 600
700 BOO 900 1000
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3,0213 EFFECTS OF AS QUENCHED SECTION SlZE AND TEMPERING FIG. 3. 0231 EFFECTS OF CARBON CONTENT AND TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR (13) TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR
(14, Fig 126)
280
Fe-(0. 30)-1. BNl-o.scr-o. 4Mo-o. 07V
1 INCH THICK PLATE
~ORY AIR MELT)
j Fro
240
0.31C, 1.59Sl, 2.04Cr
~
1700F, 1 HOUR, OQ + TEMPER 1 HOUR, ~
AC (4 HOUR FOR SPECIMENS AT 1050F) I
r..i::
240 200
"'\ Fe-(0.3C)-1. SNI-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo-o. 07V
~ 200
v-- ~ """ 160
e L
OT
} 0.32C,
BAR FORGING
1600F, OQ + TEMPER
121NCHDIA
~~
I
T, FLASH LINE (14) FORGING
~ "'RIM L
rs.
160
~
40 "" CENTER L
6 RIM
V CENTER T
T
(7)
60
20 .......
_.,
/ 0.
_._
.I_
- -
--
40 ./'
RA l,../" ~> lECHARPYV
>
_.A
I'<
~
~
1&1
p..
20
e(2 IN)
...-' ~
/
20 ~ -. ~ ~
~
v
0
500 600 800 700 900 1000
0
0
lor
200 400
- 600
"".tl
800 1000
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F TEMPERING TEMPERATURE -F
?IG. 3,0215 EFFECT OF SILICON AND CHROMIUM ADDmONS ON THE
FIG. 3.0232 EFFECTS OF SPECIMEN LOCATION AND TEMPER-
TENS1LE PROPERTIES OF A PLATE (L) ING TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR
(16, p.5) (17) AND FORGINGS (18, p. 88-92)(7, p.l1)(14, p. 20)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED: MARCH 1969
40
..___, ,___
433 0
V Mod
!::::: ~
900F.l
-
IE IZOD V (L, MIDWAY)
1000F
800F-'
i2 240
200
~~.212
l..
~60)"
r = 0.001
..............
QUENC HED'-. ...
AS TUBE
9INCH ID
e L
0 T
0 Kt=9 1::. T, FLASH LINE
160L-----~----~-----
0 1 2 3 4 -~----~----~--~
0 200 400 800600 1000
AS QUENCHED DIA -IN
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.0233 EFFEC TS OF AS QUENCHED SECTIO
N FIG. 3,0271 2 EFFEC TS OF SPECIMEN LOCAT
SIZE AND TEMPE RING TEMPERATURE ION AND TEMPERING
ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF A
LARGE
FORGING (14, p.21)
(13)
280
~
240 -- ,,
'
.6. 0,305C , 5/8 INCH
D,INC H
(15)
o.30C, 3/4 INCH 160
~ ~\ 0.3
.6. L 0 5
200 (9) ;::,. T
y 0.32C, 4 INCH (10)
""'
{')'
Fe(0.3C)-1.8Nl-o.acr-o.4Mo-o.07V
100
Fe
1.8 4niCHBAR
1600F, 1 HOUR, OQ + TEMPER, 1 HOUR
Fe-(0.3C)-1.8Nl-G.8Cr-o.4Mo-o.07V
1 INCH TWCK PLATE (LABORATORY
0.3 c
AIR MELT) (L) - (0.31C -1.(;951- 2.04Cr) I. '8 Ni
~1.4~~~~~~~-t~~~~~ 80
1700F, 1 HOUR, OQ +TEMPER, 1 HOUR,
AC 0.8 Cr
i:l *FOR TEMPERING TEMPERATURES
0.4 Mo
~Z I.O J:------l,.----l--+---+- -+---1
LESS THAN 950F, D = 0, 75 INCH
GREATER THAN 950F, D = 1.00 INCH ~I
0.07 v
)
E 1.4 1-f----1--+---t-1---1 --i---1
60
4330
=
~ '\457
V Mod
m t-=t=B
1.0
TEMPER TEMP -F 40
Tl 0 650
1D 500
6. 400
0.6
r VAR
- - - - DUCTILE
101
CONDmONS
3 5 10
20
500 600
FATIGUE CRACKED
700 800
.
900 1000
1 3 5
STRESS CONCENTRATION, K TEMPERING 'l'EMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.(!2714 EFFECTS OF STRESS CONCENTRATION, TEMPER- FIG. 3.02721 PLM!E STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF A :PLA'l'E
ING TEMPERATURE, SPECIMEN SIZE AND TEST ( LAR - AIR MELT) WITH ADDmONS OF SILICON
DIRECTION ON NOTCH STRENGTH RA'l'IO OF BAR AND CHROMIUM (16, p.5)
(18)
80 140
e Kt=3
Kt=5
... Kt = 10
120
40L----~--_._ _ _ _~---~---~
200 400 600 1000 80
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
800
...z
1&1
RA
FIG. 3.02715 'lHE 100 HOUR RUPTURE STRENGTH FOR ~ 40
CADMIUM-PLATED NOTCHED BARS AS A 1&1
llo
FUNCTION OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
AND STRESS CONCENTRATION, (20)
e (2IN)
0
0 200 400 600 800
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECTS OF CYCLIC EXPOSURE AND
TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR (21, p. 36)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969
0.07 v
160
...............
r---- r---- F--.._
TY
t--
4330 60
RA -
V Mod ~
""
[;l 40 -
""
II<
I
20 e ( 2IN)
--
0
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3,0313 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
4or-----------~-----------T~
PROPERTlES OF A PLATE (TEMPERED AT 1050F)
Fe-(0.3C)-1. 8Nl-D.8Cr-0.4Mo-o. 07V
WITH SlLICON AND CHROMIUM ADDITIONS (17)
BAR e
400F
0
40
40
."'-' .
t~J
Fe-(0. 3C)-1. 8Nl-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo- o.IYTV
1 INCH THICK PLATE (CEVM)
1600F, 1 HOUR, OQ + TEMPER, 2 + 2 HR,
Fe
AC 4000 0.3 c
~
E-< 1.8 Ni
r-.
~t
0.8 Cr
.L ~WEJ..OD
3000
[ 0.4 .l4o
80
3 IN 4 3/4 IN ~ 0.07 v
T 2000 r.1
E-<
~'
E-<
4330
~ BRITTLE PLATE
s= V Mod
!;: so 1000 :
I
:> ~
I>< 1=1
~ 40 eL
0
el
0 OT
el
20
IE CHAPRYV
o~v-~~----~----~----~~--~
40(1 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMPERA TURE -F
Fe-(O.:IC )-1. 8Nl-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo -o. 07V
FIG. 3.0332 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN G TEMPERA TURE ON 11/8 TO 1 1/4 INCH BAR
THE IMPACT PROPERTI ES OF A PLATE (10) 1550 TO 1600F, OQ + TEMPER,
46 T047 RC
ROTATING BEAM
40
0 0.3000, 650FSING LE TEMPER
e 0, 305C, 650F DOUBLE TEMPER } (13)
.6. 0.300, 670F SINGLE TEMPER
A 0,300, 670F DOUBLE TEMPER } (9)
0~---
104
---~------~------~----~
100 105 106 107 108
Fe-(0. 3C)-l. 8Nl-o. 8Cr-O. 4Mo-o.IYTV
liN THICK PLATE (LAB AIR MELT) (L) NUMBER OF CYCLES
(0.31C -1.59Sl- 2.04Cr) -1700F, 1 HR, OQ + FIG 3. 053 S-N CURVES FOR EFFECT OF DOUBLE TEMPERING ON SMOOTH
80 TEMPER, 1 HR, 600F, AC AND .NOTCHED BAR (9, p. 14, 16){13)
~~ 60 f
FATIGUE
Jf'-; 0.75
-L
CRACKE~ 1---
I
s;
:.: v
40
20
v
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
TEST TEMPERA TURE- F
FIG. 3,03722 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA TURE ON PLANE-
STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF PLATE WITH
- r.oN AND CHROMIUM ADDmONS (17)
r-t:.KK UUS ALLOY S REVISE D: MARCH 1969
1.8 Ni I.
1/
0.8 Cr
0.4 Mo
I
0.07 v
I J.
4330
V Mod
r-:1
.:I
1o-5
R = 0,05 t
'"'
~ 1- f = 120 CPM -1 1 - -
0
P:
r-:1 -
""
= -w .....
~ I
1
z
~ { 02a
<
'
~
10-6
t
J
0
0,2 INCH THICK
0,4 INCH THICK
J
I
IJ
10 20 40 100 200
KMAX=~
FIG, 3.054 RATE OF FATIGUE -CRACK PROPAGATION IN
FORGINGS (FTU 240 KSI) IN AIR AT ROOM
TEMPERI.TUIU: (23)
Fe-(0, 3C)-1. BN1-o. 8Cr-0,4Mo -o, 07V
LANJ)ING GEAR (FORGING), FTu= 230 KSI
.!
R = 0.05
I
f= 120CPM
~
-
,. -
4
f( l -
:
2a -
H
............
-
J
I
i -w- -
10-6
) l
I I I I I I I II I I-
I I .I I I I II
10 20 40 100 200
, KMAX = KSI.{fif
Fe
0.3 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.4 Mo
0.07 v
4330
V Mod
REFERENCES
1. GBNBRAL
This steel is a development of 4330 and 4330V Mod. The TABLE 1.057
blgher carbon contellt appreciably IDcreasea the tensUe Source '~> -10.~~1"\- OM-O.RCr-n.~~u, Fe
aod yield strengths at low temperiug temperatures . The Condition 1611 -t<\!inF: .... -0-2V
no
alloy is used prlmarUy in a condition beat treated to Form of Product Temper Fru, ksl FTm:ksl 0.35C
Fry a 210 ksl minimum. It Is avaUable in the form of lmiD) miD)
sheet, strip, plate, bar, forgings and tubiug. It AMS6429 Bars, forgings, tube 400-SOOF 240 210 1.8 Ni
possesses good weldiug characteristi cs and the formabU!ty (vacuum melted) 2 hr (miD)
of the steel, I! spberoldized , is also good. AMS 6430Bars, forgings, tube 700F (mtDl 205 190 0.8 Cr
(special grade) 2 hr (miD)
1.01; Commercial Deslg!lation AMS643o Sheet, strip .and plat 700F(miD) 205 190 0.35Mo
4335 V Modl!ied. (special grade) 2 hr (miD)
1.02
AMS6435 Sheet; Strip and plate 400-SOOF 240 210 0.2 v
Alternate Designation (vacuum melted) 2 hr (miD)
4335 Modl!ied.
4335VM od
1. 03 Specification s
Table 1.03.
1.058 Alteroste beat treatment for sheet. 1635 to 1665F, 20
TABLE !.03 minutes, quench in sslt bath at 375 to 415F unrU metal
AMS Form reaches temperature of 400 to SOOF, bold 2 hours
. 6428 Bars, forgings, forging stock and minimum. This treatment produces less distortion tb.an
mechanical tubing oU quenching.
6429 Bars,. forgings, forging stock and
mechanical tubing (vacuum m~lt) 1.06 Hardness
6430 Bars, forgings, forging stock and 1.061 End quench hardenabUity , Fig. 1.061.
mechanical tubing (special grade) 1. 062 Effect of tempering temperature, quencbiug media and
6433 Sheet, strip and plate (sp.:ciai grade) melt method on hardness of sheet, Fig. 1.062.
6434 S:1eet, strip and plate
6435 Sheet strio and olate (vacuum melt\ 1.07 Forms and Conditions AvaUable
1.071 Alloy is avaUable in the full commercial range d. sizes
for sheet, Strip, plate, bar, forgiugs and tubiug,
1.04 Composition 1.072 Bar and forgings are avaUable in the normalized coodl:lon.
Table 1.04. Sheet and plate are avaUable ID various annealed conditions.
TABLE I 04 1.08 Melting and Castl!!g Practice
Blectrlc furosce air melt. Induction and consumable
AMS AMS electrode vacuum melts,
Source (1)(5) (2)(3)(4)(6)
Percent 1. 09 Special Consideratio ns
Percent
Min See 4340.
Max Min Max
Carbon 0.32 0.38 0.33 0.38 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chromium 0.65 0.90 0.65 o,90
Manganese 0.60 0.80 0.60 0.90 2. 01 Thermal Properties
Molybdenum 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.40 2. 011 Melting range. 2645 to 2845F.
Nickel 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 2. 012 Phase changes. Transformati on temperature from ferrite
Phosphorus
Silicon
- 0.040 - 0.010 to austenite,
0.20 0.35 0.40 0.60 Ac1 1310F
Sulfur
Vanadium
-
0.17
0.040
0.23
-
0.17
0.010
0.23
Ac3 1480F
Ms poiDt 575F
Iron Balance Balance Mf poiDt near 360F.
AMS 6434 gives 0.31 DetermiDed on specimens with 0. 35C, (11).
2.0121 Time-temper ature-transfo rmation diagram, Fig. 2. 0121.
1. OS Heat Treatment 2.0122 Time-temper ature-trana!o rmation diagram, Fig. 2. 0122.
1.051 Normalize. 1600 to 1750F, air cool. Normaliziug 2.013 Thermal conductivity. 29.2 Btu ft per (hr sq tt F).
temperature Is frequently kept low, (e.g. 1585 to 1615F, 2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2.014.
20 minutes). AMS 6428 gives 1690 to 17JOF. 2.015 Specl!lc heat. 0.16 Btu per lb F.
1.052 Full anneal~ 1585 to 161SF, 1 hour per incb thickness, 2.016 Thermal dlf!uslvlty
furnace cool to 1400F, continue furnace cool at 30F per
hour maximum to lOOOF maximum. 2.02 Other Physical Properties
1.053 Spheroldize anneal sheet and plate for maximum 2.021 Density. 0.283 lb percu in, 7. 83 gr per cu em.
formability. 1435 to 1465F, 10 hours, furnace cool 20F 2.022 Blectrlcal resistivity
per hour maximum to 800F maximum. 2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy is ferromagneti c,
1. 054 intermediate anneal to remove strain hardeniug of cold 2.024 Emissivity
worked spheroidized sheet. 1200 to 1250F, 2 to 8 hours. 2.025 Dampiug capacity
1.055 Stress relief welded material. 1025 to 1075F, 30
minutes, furosce cool to 500F. 2.03 Chemical Properties
1.056 Austenitlze. 1600 to J650F, 20 miDutes per IDch thickness, SlmUar to 4340.
30 minutes minimum, air cool or oil quench. Below 1600F,
the properties may be Irregular. TensUe properties de- 2.04 Nuclear Properties
crease slightly with increasing austenltizing temperatures .
Normalizing should precede austenitiziug If steel has been 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
p::evlously spberoldized .
1.057 Temper. 400 to SOOF, 2 hours miD!mum, to obtaiD 3.01 Specified Mechanlcal' Propenles
F IV 210 ksl minimum, and 700F miDimum for at least 3.011 AMS specification s
21iours to obtain Fry 190 ksl miD!mum, Table 1.057. 3.0111 AMS specification s for sheet, atrlp nd plate. Table
3.0111.
CODE 1205
PAGE
Fe Soorce
TABLE a 011!
(4)(6)_
0.35 c Allov
Form Fe 0,35C 1.8Ni 0.8Cr-0 .35Mo 0.2V
Sheet stria and nlat~
1.8 Ni lr.nnA(tinn 1600 to 165U F, 1 hr, 0Q +
>700F 2hr
1M n '<M 10'_ ? ~r
0.8 Cr Thickn ess ID < 0.070
> 0.070 to >0.249 to
0.249 0.349 > U.349 >0.070
fFtu, miDIcsi > 0. 070 to 0. 249
0.35M o 205 20S 20S 205 240
> 0.349
Ff]' miDIcsi 190 190 240 24U
190 190
0.2 v e( ID) miD-percent 5 6 8 10
21U
5
210
6
21U
8
4335 V Mod 3' 0112 AMS specUic ations !or bars, !org1ngs stock
Table 3. 0112.
or bUlets, 3.02135 Effect ol temper ina time and temper ature and
time of
austenl tlzlna on tensile propen ies of sheet a.nd
plate
austenl tlzed at 1650F, Fig. 3.02135
.3.02136 Effect of temper lng temper ature a.nd
quenchina media
TABLE 3 0112 and melt method on tensile propen les of sheet,
Fig.
I Source 3.02136 ,
.AllnV
(2 I (3)
F..t0.3SC:I- . RNI-n.Rr.r-n_ ~~Mn-n-?
3.02137 Effect of temper1ng time a.nd quenchl
na media on tensile
propert ies of sheet, Fig. 3. 02137.
!600 to 1650F, I hr, OQ + 3.02138 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
Condition > 700 F 2 hr on uolaxlal and biaxial
400 to 5M I' 2 hr tensile stress propen les of sheet, Fig. 3,02138
Form Bar 1: Forging s, Bar l~.::gl ngs, 3,0214 Effect ol temper1ng temper ature a.nd time on
.
Stock Billets Qt'ila>a tensile
'J1ticJcnPSS I!J Not ven propert ies of bar.
Ftu min - ksi 3.02141 Effect of quench1ng and temper
240 205 ina temper ature on tensile
F7J' miD - Jcsi
e( 0) miD-pe rcent
210 !90
propen les of bar, Fig. 3.0214 1.
3,02142 Effect of temper lna time and
IO(L) 1 7('!) IO(L) 1 7('!) temper ature on tensile
propen ies of bar, Fig. 3. 02142.
3.0215 Size effects on tensile propen ies.
3,02151 Effect of thickne ss on tensile propen
3.0!2 Fabric ators' specUied mechan ical propert ies, i~s of sheet and
Table plate, Pig. 3. 02151.
3.012. 3.022 Compre ssion
3,0221 Stress- strain diagram s.
TABLE 3.012 3.02211 StrelisBtraiD curve ID compre ssion
Source !or bar, Fig. 3. 02211.
Aero et 8 3.023 Impact
Allov Fe(O. 35C)I. 8NIO. 8CrU. 35MoO. 2V 3.0231 Effect of quenchlna and temper1ng temper ature
Sheet, StrJp, on Impact
Bar strengt h of bar, Fig. 3.0231 .
Form Plate Billet 3.0232 Effect of temper1ng time and temper ature on
Condition 1625 F, 0Q + 400 to 500 F, 2 hr minimum Impact
Strengt h of bar, Fig. 3,0232 .
Fry miD ksi . 210 210 3.024 Bend ina
L
. - 3.025 Terion and shear
T
e (2 In), minpe rcenl
210 - 3.0251 Effect of diamet er to thickne ss ratio on ultimat
strengt h of hollow cylinde rs, Fig. 3. 0251.
e shear
L 10 3.026 BearIna
T 6 - 7 3.027
3.0271
Stress concent ration
Notch propen ies , see also 3, 0272 and 3, 0371.
3.02711 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
3.02 Mechanical Propen ies at Roan Tempe rature on tensile propen ies and
notch strengt h of plate, Fig. 3. 02711.
3.021 Tension 3.02712 Effect of temper lna temper ature,
3.0211 Stress- atraiD diagram s meltina practic e and
sheet thickne ss on notch strengt.~ of sheet, Fig.
3.02111 Stress- straiD curve In tension !or bar, Fig. 3.02713 Effect of stress concen tration 3, 02712.
3. 02111. "" notch strengt h of sheet,
3.0212 Effect of austenl tlzina temper ature and time
on tensile Fig. 3.027!3 .
propert ies. 3.02714 Effect of temper ina temper ature
3.02121 Effect of austenl tlzina time and temper ature on notch strengt h of sheet
on tensile austenl tlzed at 1650F, Fig. 3. 02714.
propert ieD of bar, Fig. 3.02!21 . 3.02715 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
3.0212 2 Effect of austenl tlzina temper ature on tensile on notch strengt h of
propert ies plate austeui tlzed at !650F, Fig. 3.02715 .
of sheet, Fig. 3. 02122. 3.02716 . Effect of temper1ng time and temper
3.02123 Effect of austeni tlzlna time on tensile propert ature on notch
ies of sheet, mrengt h of bar, Fig. 3. 02716.
rig. 3.02123 . 3.02717 Effect of qcenching and temper lna
3.0212 4 l!f!ect of quenching time at 400F ID salt on tensile temper ature on notch
propen ies strengt h of bar, Fig. 3.02717 .
CJl slleet, Fig. 3. 02!24,
3.0272 Fractu re toughne ss
3.0212 5 Effect of homogenlzina and austeni tlzlna temper
ature on 3.02721 Effect of austenl tlzlna temper ature
tensile propert ies of sheet and plate, Fig. 3. on notch Strength and
02125. fractur e toughne ss of sheet, Fig. 3. 02721.
3.0213 Effect of temper ina temper ature and time on 3,02722 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
tensile
propert ies of sheet and plate. on notch strengt h and
3.02131 fractur e toughne ss of sheet, Fig. 3.02722 .
Effect of austeni tizina ond temper1ng temper atures 3.02723 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
on on fractur e toughness of
tensile propen ies of sheet, Fig. 3, 02131.
3.0213 2 sheet austenl tlzed at 1625F, Fig. 3,02723 .
Effect ol melting practic e and temper1ng temper 3.02724 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
ature on on fractur e toughness of
tensile propert ies of sheet, Fig. 3,02132 .
3.02133 plate austenl tlzed at1625 F, Fig. 3.02724 .
Effect of temperi ng time and temper ature and 3.02725 Effect of temper lna temper ature
time of on lractur e toughness of
austenl tlzlna on !ensUe propen i.,s of sheet and
plate sheet austenl tlzed at 1650F, Fig. 3,02725 .
austenl tlzed at 1550F, Fig. 3.02133 . 3.02726 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
3.0213 4 Effect of temperi ng time and temper ature and on fractur e toughness of
time of plate austenl tlzed at !650F, Fig. 3, 02726.
austeni tlzina on tensile propert ies of sheet and 3.02727 Effect of thickne ss on notch strengt
plate h and fractur e toughness
austeni tlzed at 1600F, Fig'. 3. 02134,
of sheet, Fig. 3.0272 7.
3.028 Combined propert ies
CODE 1205
PAGE 2
..""! ....
REVISED MARCH 196~ FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
-r-.:::::
3.0312 Eflect of test temperature on teosUe properties of sheet, .. _j
Fig. 3; 0312. tJ 0.35C
3.032
3.0321
Compression
Stress-strain diagrams
"' C..M1NM
1.8 Ni
40
3.033
3.0331
Impact
Eflect of test temperature on Impact strength of plate, -- LIMITS OF HEATS, 0.34 TOO 36CU.:t5
TO 0. 3251, (15)(16)
0.8 Cr
Fig. 3,0331.
3.034 Bending I - ..L_ 0.35Mo
20
3.035
3.036
Torsion and shear NORM 1700F, A~.f~ (8) 0.2 v
Besrll.g + AUST 16SOF, OQ 4 (I)
3,037 Stress concentration
o 8
4335 VMod
3.0371 Notch properties 16 24 32 40
3.03712 Eflect of test temperature on net fracture stress and DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED ENDSIXTEENili IN
fracrure appearance of shear-cracke d sheet, Pig.
FIG. I. 061 END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
3.03712.
3, 0372 Fracture toughness (1)(8)(15)(16)
3, 038 Combined properties
3, OS Fatigue Properties
3.051 S-N curves for bar with various surface treatments.
Fig. 3.051.
3, 052 SN curves for smooth and notched bar, Fig. 3, 052.
3,06 Elastic Properties
3.061 Poisson's ratio. Dynamic bending, 0. 303. Static
tension, 0. 293.
3, 062 Modulus or elasticity, 30, 000 ksl.
3. 063 Modulus or rigidity, 11, 000 ksl.
4. FABRICATION
SlmUar to 4330 V Mod.
FormabUity
Severe forming or sheet and strip Is performed In the
spheroldlzed condition, with the hardness limited to
95 RB maximum.
4.011 Forging range. 20002200F, (19, p. 10).
4.03 Welding
4.031 Flash welding or air melted plate results In reduced joint
erflclency when heat treated to maximum strength.
El'fects or nash welding nod temPering temperature on
tenslle properties and endurnnce limit of air melted
plate, Fig. 4.031.
4.032 Flash welding or vacuum melted plate results In better
joint efficiency Rnd considerably Increased endurance u
limit. El'fect of nash welding and tempering temperature ~ 44r-----+-----+---~~~~~~--~
on tensile properties aud endurance limit of vacuum
melted plate, Fig. 4. 032, ~
4,033 Multi-pass welding technique Is required for welding
"'
0. 220 Inch thick material. A SOOF preheat and a SOOF
post heat for 30 rr11nutes result8 In the optimum as-
~ 40r---~---+----+---~~~
welded weld ductUity, (30),
I AUSTIN SALT 162SF, 30 MIN
4.034 Tests or welded 0, 093 Inch sheet, contalnlng weld repairs
after heat treatment, show Ftu reduced 20 to 30 ksl and
Fry reduced 10 to 15 ksl, Fracture toughness of repair
weld after heat treatment generally was better than a
normal heat-treated weld, (31).
36
AIR MELT
VACMELT
je SQ. 400F, 5 MINt 0.09S IN
~ OQ, RT
AUST- 1575F
20 MIN, 0Q. t c 0. 109 IN
Y40MIN, 0Q. t=0.0901N
(18)
(21)
. CEY.ul.W.T..~Jl.MJN....OQ.....l c '
4.04 32
Heat Treatment 0 400 600 800 1000
4,05 Surface Treatment
TEMPERING TEMP - F
CODE 1205
PAGE 3
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 196~
1600
Fe
Q35C
f------
Ae3
11e1
------ ---------------
Fe(Oo 35C)-l, 8NlO. 8Cr-0.35Mo-O. 'ZV
-
1.8 Ni
f..----- ----- -;::.::.;-- ~
- --
1200
0.8 Cr A '---- ~ F+C .... ~A+F+C
Q35Mo
0.2 v "'
0
Ao 800
_C' -
~------
! ) (
4335VMod -Ms I---
Bt..V
400
Mt
0
1 10 102 Io4 loS
TIME SECONDS
1600
Fe(0.3SC)-l. 8Nl-U. 8CrD.Z SMoD. 2V
JIUl>"T 1650 F o
-----
Ae3
r-- - - - 1 - - - - r- - -_:::: -
--;:-- ----- --~ --- .....
1200 _......
~~ J\
F+C
-.;;-
_C_ JI+F+C
Ms _:J { F+C
Mf ........... ~'
0 1 10
TIME SECONDS
IL
...~ sr----~----r---~r---~r---~~~-i--i
::;
~ 7r----4-----+~~~~~~~~=~~~,
~
CODE 1205
PAGE 4 ''..
REVISED MARCH 196!5 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
l',./i 2~ ~~~~-~1.~8~M~~~.~w~r--~o~.3~5~o~~.%V~
AUST 1525 F, 1 HR, OQ RT Fe(0.35C )-1. 8MO. 8Cr-O,J5Mo~. %V
TBMPHR 465 F, 2 HR, AC ~ 0.095 IN SHI!BT d Ao .
AUl) IN SALT Mlfll,
Fe
SQAT40 0F, 5Mifll, AC 0.35C
TBMPBR 500 F, 2 HR
,..... 1.8 Ni
~'ru
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
200
FTY 0.2 v
~ 10
u e (21N) 4335VMod
~ 0
lSOO 1550 1600 1650 1700
AUSTBNITIZINJ TBMP- F
10
F
TY - t-e
0 5 10 20 50 100 200
TIM!! - MINUTES
Fe(O. 3sc;S_l. 8M -o. aer-o. 35Mo-o. %V FIG. 3.02123 BFFBCT OF AUSTBNITIZI!IIl TIMB ON TBNSILB PROPBRn
.
fa/41NBAR .I!S
AUST OF SHBBT (18, p. 20)
: ~ HR
280
Fe(0.35C )-1.8M-0 .8Cr-0.35 Mo-o.%V
0.095 n SHBBT
.!. j_
280 AUSTIN SALT 1625 F, 15
OQ. TI!MPBR 450F, 2 HR MIN, SQ 400 F, AC, TI!MPBR
SOO F, 2 HR
Fro
~
FTU
--
200
Fn
..." 200
FTY
e
1550 1600
AUSTBNITIZINJ TBMP- F
1650 1700
u
~
~
10
0
5 10 20
e (2 IN)
50 100
-
200
FIG. 3.02121 BFFBCT OF AUSTBNITIZINJ TIMB TIMB - MINUTBS
. AND TI!MPBRATURB ON TBNSILB
PROPBRTIBS OF BAR (23, p. 39) FlO. 3.02124 BFFBCT OF QUBNCHINJ TIMB .\T 400 FIN
SALT ON
TBNSlLB PROPBRnBS OF SHI!BT (18, p. 22)
CODE 1205
PAGE 5
REVISED MARCH 196 5
0.09 3 IN SHE ET
Fe 280
Fe(0,3~1,8Nl-O.
SCr-0,35 Mo- 0,2V
F 0.22 0 IN PLATE
0.35 c rolr:mo:a
1.8 Ni 240
0.8 Cr
ro. --
"" FTY
A
~
0.35 Mo :0.:200 FTY
0.2 v HetdOGENI~
I HetdOGENIZE 15 t. IN, FC
T01 550 F, AC
15 MIN
FC TO 1500 F, AC AIJST 1 HR, SQ. 375-.j()()
F
160 TEMPER 500 F 2 + 2 HR
433 5V Mo d
!z 10
~18
Nal"IHGtdOGEL.:~m
50~
lZl 1900 1
F HetdOG ENI:Gl!D
u ... 1950 I
~ 2050 F e(21 N)
0
1500 1600 1700 1500 1600 1700 1800
A IJ~jEm'!ZJN:; TEMP - F
FIG. 3,02 125 EFF ECT OF HetdOGENIZI
N:; AND AIJl:.jENJ11ZJN:;
TEMPHRATIJRB ON Tl!NSILE
PROPERTIES OF
SHE ET AND PLATE
(20, p, 35,3 6)
~----}-----~~~~---
-f-----1240~
~40 1-A-U_ST_E_N_,_T_EM_P_
.
:.:
1550 p 120
~ ... 1600 p
-::: 200 l-"':::..:.:16::5::.o.:..rt---+---t-=-~.
.a
E 160 l20 4
e
.095 1NA IR MEL T, 0,36
0.06 3 IN AiR MEL T, 0.35
C
C
o 0.06 3 IN CONSUME BLBCTR
ODE
80~-+~V~A~C~ffi~~~M==E~L
~T~,r0.~3~5C~-f----~~~--
i
e (21N)
oL----J-----L-
0
---J-----~--~
200 600 e(2 IN)
800 1000
OIL_~.j()()~----76 ou~----800~----7.l00
TEMPERIN:; TEMP - F 0~----~~2~00~--~~~~
FIG. 3.02131 EFF ECT OF AUSTENITIZ TEMPERII':l TEMP - F
IN:; AND TEMPERIN:;
TEMPERATURES ON TEN
SILE PROPERTIES OF FIG. 3.02 132
SHEET EFF ECT S OF MELTIN:; PRA
U~
CTICE AND TEMPERI(I(J
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHE ET
(ll, p. 844-846)
CODE 120 5
PAGE 6
FERROUS ALLOYS
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 196!5
t ~~ 0.2201 PLATE
~~ .---Fe
F
FTU """<C.(((~TU
Q35 fl
~
200
FTY
~
~ - ~ ~
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
~ AUST1 HR
--.c(2!
AUST 1 HR
280 0.35Mo
.~ v
AUST 1 So F, .... FTU 0.2
~ b... SQ400F ~ P>,...
~
~
4335VMod
200
AU~T2HR
P'
~
TY
AUST2HR
~
~ ~
TEMPER TIME
~
280 1 -
1
A 1+1} HR ""<
b
2
~, 2+2 ~ ~ ~ FTU
240 FTU
~
..,_
~~~ ~
~
._
-
TY ~
t""'
200
AUST3HR ~ AUST3HR
~ 10 e p,_ e
~ Wh: ~ v~
tJ
gj AUST 1-3 HR AUST 1-3 HR
... 0
500 600 700 800 500 600 700 800
TEMPBRif\13 TI!MP - F
.
:;.
~-"';
FIG. 3, 02133 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN> TIME AND TEM-
PERATURE AND TIME OF AUSTENITIZif\13
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND
PLATE AUSTENITIZBO AT 1550F
(20, p. 46-48, 55 -57)
TBMPERif\13 TEMP - F
CODE 1205
PAGE 7
FeUH FER-ROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
"......)
TEMPERII\G TEMP F
FIG. 3.02135 EPPBCT OF TEMPERII'G TIME AND TEMPERATURE AND TIME Fe(0.35 J,8N10,8Cr0.35Mo U,2V
OP AUSTENITIZII\G ON TEN~1LE PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND SHEET
PLATE AUSTENITIZED AT 1(50 F (20, p, 4951, 5860) AUSTIN SALT 162SF, 30 MIN
SQ. 400F, s MIN~t E 0.095 1N(I8)
AIR MELT & OQ,
RT
{ AUST JS75F
15 C 20 MIN, OQ}
1 0. 109 IN
VAC MELTYV 40 MIN, OQ t 0.090 IN (21)
CEV MELT ~40 MIN, 0Q 1 0. 080 IN
TI!MPERII'G TEMP F
CODE 1205
PAGE 8
REVISED MARCH 196~ FERROUS ALLOYS
- --
F11J 0.35C
...._
1.8 Ni
FTY
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
200
10
- e <}IN)
0.2 v
4335VMod
RA
40
!iIll
0 20
01:
...
1:<1
0
~.00 300 400 500 600
0
TEMPERING TEMP ~
400 425 450 475 500
COOE 1205
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
0.35C FTU
lQ-.!' ... "'...
1.8 Ni li! 240
~--
-"
l<
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo PTY
_.t:.
THICKNESS IN
280 \ ..-.
F e(O. 35C)l. 8NlO. 8CrO, 35MoO. 2V
Il/41NBAR
AUSf 1,525F, !HI\. 00. RT
TEMPER 465P, 2 HR, AC TEMPERING TEMP F
160 I
~
120
80 7
7
0
f7 CCI.l PR I!SSION
I
DIAMETER TO 1l!ICKNI!SS RATIO
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
FIG. 3,0251 I!PPI!CT OF O!AMETI!R TO
STRAIN IN PI!R IN
niiCKNI!SS RATIO ON
ULTIMATE SHEAR STRI!NG1l!
FIG, 3. 02211 STRESS STRAIN CURVE IN
OF HOLLOW CYLINDERS
COMPRI!SSION FOR BAR (23, p. 52)
(23, p. 54)
CODE 1205
PAGE 10
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
320 280
Fe(O. JSC)-1. 8Ni -0. 8Cr-O. 35MoO. 2
Fe-(0.35C)-I. 8NlO. 8Cr0.35Mo-0.2V
0.500 1N PJ.ATB, 0.3aC, T lil 0.063 1N SHEET, 0.33C Fe
:..: "'-.. !'-..
280
1575 F, OQ + TEM,:ER, 2 HR
1--1----1----11- --+--1 i5 240
/ 1600 F, 30 MIN, OQ+500 F, 2 Hf
0.35C
F ........._
~~~
~ 1.8 Ni
..."'a:
"'
:c
g
200
'IU '-..__
--- NOTCH
~ 0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
~ STR~r
T 0.2 v
160 I o L
0.045 0.014 0.007 0.004 0.0027 0.0019
4335VMod
400 500 600 700 I
I
I
3
I
5
r- li>l
I7 I
9
I
11
I
13
TEMPERING TEMP - F
STRESS CONCENTRATION - Kt
FIG. 3.02711 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMP-
ERATURE ON TENSU.E PROPERTIES FIG. 3. 02713 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATION ON NOTCH
AND NOTCH STRENGTII OF PLATE STRENGTH OF SHEET (13)
(7)
0.036 C
e ~} NOTCH STRENGTH
AIR MELT
' ', o
-
F
TU
--
00
.._
~....
~
~ '\
60 __-v
~
~
~
20
40
"',
'
no ........ r < 0.001
~ K~ 17
280 r---~--~Fq~0.-3~SC)~-~-.-8N-l--O-.~OC-r---0.-3-SMTo---0.-2-V~
v
~~
0.093 IN SHEET
AUS'f 1650 F, I 1/3 HR, SQ 400 F
60 '----+.....:;:,.-lo=:----,-T..:..::EM:::..:.;PH::;R;2 + 2 HR < SUO F
'
240r 2 HR >SUO F
0. 063 IN, 0. 035 C
AIR MELT
20 't',.p
40
'-,
~ ~'
' ......
0
\~
2 0
h
'<.>-
H I>'TRI!I'}TH
'( 60 " K(17
ru .120 -
0. 063 IN, 0. 035 C
0
L
T
.
COtS EL VA~UUM MElT
r 0.001 MAX
.uoo 1200 1400 80
400 600 80U
400 500 600 700 8(l:l 900 1000
TEMPERING TEMP F
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02712 EFFECT OF TEMPERII'} TEMPERATURE,
MELTil'} PRACTICE AND SHEET TIIICKNI!SS FIG. 3,02714 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
ON NOTCH STRENGTil OF SHEET STRENG11i OF SHEET AUI>'TENITIZED AT !650 F
(12, p. 844-846) (20, p. 68, 69)
C~DE 1205
PAGE II
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
0.8 Cr
0.35 Mo
0.2 v lil
L------ ':.0:
4335VM od
e L
o T
SOL-- -JL..-- .......1 ----L-- --L---- --'
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
2 40
F e(O, 35C)1, HNIO, SC.:rO. 35MoO. 2V
l>lll!l!T
I!MPI!R600F,1HR
~ 200~~:~~===-~~---+---~
~
160 NOTCH l>'TRI!N:lTH
1200
~
~ 1000
"'
~ T
~500 1600 1700 1800 1900
Alll>'Tl!NITIZI!D TI!MP F
TEMPERIN:l TEMP F
F'/G, 3.02721 l!FFECT OF AUSTI!NITIZIN:J
FIG. 3,02716 EFFECT OF TI!MFERIN:l TIME TI!MPI!RATURI! ON NOTCH
AND TEMPERATUR!! ON NOTCH S'l'REN:JTH AND FRACTURI!
l>"TREN:JTii OF BAR (23, p. 43) TOOOHNBSS OF l\liBET
.(28, P 11)
CODE 1205
PAGE 12
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
280
...---r-::F;-:-e(:;;:O:-;3;;5C),;;--1:-.-;BN1~-<,o.sc;;:r:
, --o;;-,-;35~M:;.o=-;;-o,-:;2VU1
I 0,10 IN SHEET Fe
AUST 1650 F, 30 MIN, 0Q
0.35C
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.35 Mo
0.2 v
4335VMod
120
120D
~
a:
...Ill 800
"'-l
700 900 :?:
TEMPERIN::l TEMP F 400
400 SOD 600 700 800 900
FIG. 3.02722 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIN::l TEMPERATIJRE
ON NOTCH STREN::lTH AND FRACTURE TEMI'E RIN::l TEMP F
TOUGHNESS OP SHEET (29, p, 10)
FIG, 3.02724 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TBMPERATIJRE
ON FRIICTURE TOOOHNESS OF PLATE
AUSTENITIZBD AT 1625 F (20, p, 38,39)
::1 2H >SOD F
_._
.
240
u;
Ul
~
20D
.Ll.
NOTCHED STREN::lTH
~
~
- ~~
---........
0 -~
0
160
160
160D
0.0. T t-3.0D-
-t0.75t-
1..1 0. 78. L I' o.oo
FTY' -
...t.
1 ~ ~ 0
::! !200 ~ ~
"' >
~ :It
~
BOD
400 SOD 60D 700 SOD 900 1000
TBMPBRIN::l TEMP - F
TEMPERING TEMP F
FIG. 3,02723 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN::l TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3.02725 EFF::CT OF TEMPER1N::l TEMPERATURE ON FRACTIJRE
ON FRACTURE TOOOHNF.SS OF SHEET
TOOOHNBSS OF SHEET AUSTENITIZI!O AT 1650 F
AUSTENITIZI!O AT 1625 F (20, p. 40,41)
(20, p. 61, 63, 64)
CODE 1205
PAGE 13
r-euH
FER RO US ALL OY S REVISED MARCH 1965
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
0.2 v
433 5VM od
0
THICKNESS- INCHES
FIG, 3,02727 EFFE CT OF THICKNESS ON NOTC
H
STRENGTH AND FRACTURE TOUG
HNESS
OF SHEET
(29, p, 20)
160
~ 10
Ill
t)
gj
0. 0
200 0 200 400 600
TEM P F
FIG. 3.031 2 EFFJl..:T OF Tasf TEMPERATURE
ON TENS!i..., :>aoPERTIES OF
SHEET (22, p. 62)
CODE 1205
PAGE 14
REVISE[): MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
16 240 r----.-----r-----r----~--~
Fe(0,35C 1.8Ni0.8Cr0.35Mo0,2V Fe(0.35C)1.8NIO, 8Cr0.35MoO. 2V
Fe
1/2 IN PLATE
I I 3/41NBAR
AUST 1525 F, 1 HR
0.35C
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
\
\ 0.2 v
~ I~ 1--.-;~-1----4---~1----1 ~ 120 1----+--':-,-+....:::~~~-....;;~---1
(-o
u.
\ 4335VMod
\ R. R. MQORE
8 80 r---~-~'rt--~--~1--~
-CADMIUM PLATED
--SHOT PEENED, CHROMIUM PLATED
AND GROUND
---- SHOT PEENED
40 --SMOOTH GROUND TO 16.-!n-RM.....,S--+----1
\ ... "'
..........
F:ru-
,. / ' I
240
r
\
~-
FTY
...... - ... \
......
Vi
:.t
200
NET
FRACTURE
STRESS ~
X_,_ .....
240r-----~~~~----~----~---,
Fc(0.35C)I. 8NtO. 8CrO. 35MoO. 2V
3/4 IN AND I IN DAR
AUST 1525 F, I HR
200 r----4!!1--\---1--::~:1. OQ TO RT,
160 TEMPER 465 F, 2 HR, AC
120 -"
l
RO -
;;-
80
B
SHEAR
~
UJ
u 40 I '\60"J'
a:
...
OE~
UJ 40
'
5
0 I
200 0 200 400 600 r
0
TEMP F Jo3 104 105 106 10; toB
CODE 1205
PAGE 15
r-eun
FERR OUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
1.8 Ni
~80
--
0.8 Cr
:lA
.T ' "'
In 240
0.35Mo :.: F ~
~~
TU
0.2 v T METAL
200 oL FLASH
4335VMod AT W~LDED
~
tzl
u
~0
..
... ..A._
e (21N) .. .l>
a:
tzl
"' 0
... -ll
ENDURANCE LIMIT
120 PROT METHOD ROT BEAM
u;
:.: 80
1--
-.u
I
.,
....
e
....
Au
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMPERING TEMP F
lil
~ 1650 F, I HR, pQ+ TEMPER,
4 TO 18 HR
240
:.:
e L} PARENT
T METAL
~~
!'.....
~-FLASH
200
0
AT WELDED li
~tJ
a:
...
til
20
0
160
~ t11
e (2 IN)
-- J!
.. -.., ~
l
li!
:.: 120
80
0
ENDURANCE LIMirPRO T ~F.THOD,
VACUUM MELT
200 400
--
-...!il r---....
lf
OTBEAMI
~
CODE 1205
PAGE 16
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
/
RBPBRB!oCBS
'i... .. )
29
.
Bernatelll, H. K. IUid Youag, G. C., "Prcgresa Report em
Fracture Tougbness Te818 fl. High Streagtb Sheet Metals"
NAVORD Report 6496 WF-T-7-59, (May 18, 1959)
Bematelll, H. IUid Youag, G. C., "2od Prcgrees Report
Fe
2 AMS 6429 (June 30, 1960) oa Fracture Toughnesa fl. Hlgb Streagtb Sheet Metals",
Q35C
3 AMS 6430 (Jmuary 15, 1961) NAVORD Report 6496 (Part 21, NRL 108), (January 28,
4 AMS 6433 (Jmuary 15, 1961) 1960)
1.8 Ni
5 AMS 6434 (January 15, 1953) 30
6 AMS 6435 (June 30, 1960)
"WeldiDg 1blck Sectloa of 4335 V Type Low Alloy Steel", Q8 Cr
Aerojet General Corp., (October 15, 1962)
7 Aerojet-Gaeral Corporatioa, Material Data Sheet No. 31
p 2101, (January 17, 1959)
"Repair Weldlug 4335 V Type All")' Steel After Flllal 0.35 Mo
Heat Treatment", Aerojet General Corp., (Jmuary 15,
8 Aerojet-General Corporatioa, "Steel l'l&tea, Sheets IUid
Stripe; Cbromlwn-Nickei- Molybdezwm-Vma dlum",
1963) 0.2 v
Development Material Specltlcatioa, AMS - M:ISSa,
(July 14, 1958)
9 Aerojet-General Corporatioa, "List fl. Data Sheets IUid
4335VMod
Reporta oa AMS 6434, Alloy Steel", (1959)
111 Warga, J,J., ''Mechanical Properties of AMS t.434 Steel",
Aerojet-General Corporatioa, Report No. SRP 121
(Special), (June 19, 1958)
11 Gable, G. W., "Crltlcal Polllts &Ill Heat TreatmeJII: fl.
1 - 3/4 NICr-MoV Steel, Heat 654550" Republic
Steel Corporatloa, Y. S. 625, (December 12, 1958)
12 Bspey, G.B., Jones, M.H. and Brown, W.F., Jr.,
"The Sbarp P.dge Notch Te1111Ue Streagtb fl. Several Hlgb
Streagtb Steel Sbeet Alloys", AS'lld Proceedlugs, Vol. 59,
(1959)
13 Sachs, G. &Ill Sessler, J, G,, "llffec:t of Stress CODCentratioa
oa TaaUe Strength of Tltaalum and Steel Alloy Sbeet at
Various Temperatures", Symposium oa Low-Temperature
Properties of Hlgb-Strength Aircrllt &Ill MleaUe Materials,
ASTM STP No. 287, p. 122135, (June 30, 1960)
14 Kreger, J, &Ill Mayer, H., "Comparative Properties fl.
Air Melt and Vacuum Melt AMS 6434 Steel in the Ultra
Hlgb Strength TeDSUe Rauge", A.O. Smith Corporatloa,
Aeroaautlcal Division Report No. AD-282, (December
4, 1956)
15 MacLaren, A, W,, "Fersoaal Communlcatloa", Uall:ed
States Steel Corporatloa, (June 26, 1959)
16 Republic Steel Carporalloa,4335 V Mod., Data Sheet,
(May 28, 1959)
17 Aerojet-General, (1958)
18 March, J.L., "AMS 6434 (ModUiod) Steel Sbeet Material
Characteristics and Heat TreatmeJII:", American Car &Ill
Foundry Divisioa, ACF Industries, Major Report 458,
(June 18, 1959)
19 Climax Molybdenum Compaoy, "Ultra Strength Steele",
(1957)
20 Aerojet General, "Heat Treatement fl. a 4335 V Type Low
Alloy Steel", (October 15, 1962)
21 Campbell, J. B., "Steels for Lsrse Solid-Propellant
Roclcet Motor Cases", DMIC Rpt. 178, (November 20,
1962)
22 Morrisoa, J.D., Kattus, J. R., "An Investigation of
Methods for Determlalug the Crack-Propagatloa
ResletaiiCe of Hlgb Strength Alloys", Summary Tecbn!cal
Report, Southern Research lnstitute, (March 7, 1961)
23 Joaes, R. C., ''Materials - SAB 4335 (ModUied) Steel
260, 000 to 280, 000 pal Heat Treatment - Development
of Process C011troliUid Mechaalcal Properties for",
Coavair Divisloa - General Dynamics, (October 24, 1962)
24 Whitney, R. C., ''Material SAB 4335 (ModUled) Steel
Process Coatrol and Mechaalcal Properties - Development
of", General Dynamics, Coavair Dlvleioa, Report
1659, (November 9, 1962)
25 Plorentlno, R.J., Roach, D. B. aod Hall, A.M., "Heat
Treatment fl. HlgbStreugtb Steels for Airframe
Applicatloae", DMIC Report 119, (November 27, 1959)
26 Gilbert, L. L., Brown, J.A., ''Materials &Ill Fabrlcatloa
Problema Associated with Hlgb Streugtb Llgbtwelght
Homcgeneoua Pressure Vessels", Proceedlugs fl. the
Golda Gate Metals CoafereiiCe oa Hlgb Strength Steele,
for the MiaaUe Industry", ASM, (1961)
27 Bbst, G,IC. &Ill Llndb, D. V., "Bvaluatloa fl. Ultra-Hlgb
Strength Steels for Tbln Walled Preellllre Veuelo 011Jd
Roclcet Motor Caaea", ASMB, Paper No. 62, Met-16,
(AprU 1962)
CODE 1205
PAGE 17
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
1. GHNRRAL 1.0551 !'arts heat treated up to Ftu 220 to 240 ksl, Table
4340, Including Its variety 4337 which bas a sllghdy 1.05SI. Fe
lower carbon cootent, Is lite preferred common low
alloy sleet for air weapons where good strenglb, high :;ource
TABLE I 0551
S D. 3
0.4 c
bardenablllty and unUormlty are desired. It can be Alloy 4340
heat treated to strenglh values wllhln a wide raoge. At Condition
1.8 Ni
strength values up to about Ftu = 200 ksl other low Tempering Temp- Stress Relief
Ftu tal
alloy sleets which have sufficient hardenablllty possess F TempF Timehr 0.8 Cr
nearly lbe same mechanical and other properties as ISO to 160 min . 700 3
4340. At Ptu a 200 to 220 ksl, and Ftu a 260 to 280 ksl - >850 800 1 0.25Mo
this steel has been found to be superior to ether common 180 to 200 and . 700 4
low alloy steels aud also to some ol the recently 200 to 220
developed more complex low alloy steels . (The term 220 to 240. . 700 3 4340,4337
ultra high stl\eDgth' sleets Is applied to such steels that or 650 4
are used at various values of F10 above 200 ksl and up or 550 5
to about 300 ksl). 4340 Is available In all wrought forms . <400 275 n
and castings In this steel are wxler development. It Carburized oarts . 275 12
possesses a fair formablllty when properly aMealed Stress relief temperature limited by tempering temperature
and can be welded by various methods. Forgings In
and strength requirements.
this alloy, heat treated to Ptu 26C to 280 ksl, require
special measures In design and fabricating.
I.OSS2 !'arts hear treated ro F.,_ 260 to 280 ksland subae~
1.01 Commercial Designations quently subjected 10 grinding, machining, proof testing
4340 and 4337. or straightening. 350 to 400P, 4 hours minimum.
Temperature should not exceed tempering temperature
1.02 Alternate Designations or reduce Ftu below 260 ksl (34, p. 1).
AlSI 4337 and AlSI 4340, SAE 4337 and SAE 4340. 1.056 Austenlrlze. 1475 to IS75P, IS minutes per luch
Additional letters In the name Indicate special thickness, IS minutes minimum. Normalize welded
characteristics or speclftcattons, e. g. 4340 H and E or brazed parts before austeniUzing.
4340. H means that the steel Is supplied to harden 1.0561 Gnln size of air melted austenlUzed alloy, FIB. I. 0561.
ability rather than to chemistry specUlcatlons and E 1.057 Cool after austenltizlng.
indicates electric furnace melted"steel. 1.0571 Oil quench. Oil temperature 75 to 140F, cool to 150F
maximum, (7, p. 2).
1.03 SpecUlcatlons 1.0572 Salt quench. Salt temperature 390 to 410F, hold 10
Table 1.03. minutes, air cool to 160F maximum. Alternatively,
525 to 575P, hold until uniform temperature Is reachl.'d,
TABLE I 03 (7, p. 2).
AMS Tvne Form Mllltarv 1.058 ~:~~lifO to 1200F dependlns on desired strength,
6359 A 4340 Sheet, strip, plate MILSSOOO A 1.0581 To Ftu 160 to 180 ksl, 950 to UOOF, 4 hours.
6"5 P. 4340 Ror. lnro-ln~s tubl= MILSSOOO A 1.0582 To' Ftu 180 to 200 ksl, 850 to 950F, 4 hours.
6412 D 4337 Bar, forgings 1.0583 To Ftu 200 to 220 ksl, 750 to 850F, 4 hours.
6413 c ~ .. ":', I Tubing 1.0584 To Ftu 260 to 280 ksl. 400 to SOOF, 2 hours per
inch thickness, 6 hours minimum. Double tempering,
which is sometimes recommended, does not appear
1.04 Composition neces~ary. The exact tempering temperature depends
Table 1.04 on as quenched hardness as follOW's:
390 to 410F, for 53 to 56 'RC
TABLE I 04 440 to 460F, for 57 to 58 RC, and
!:<>urce AM~ II'' 121 AMS 13\ 14\ 490 to SlOP, for 59 RC or higher.
AtiM.- 4340 4337 Tempering below 390F or above 510F Is not permissible.
Percent Percent 1.059 Austenite srabillzarlon.
Min Max Min Max 1.0591 Austenite stabilization at 250F, 24 hours should follow
Carbon any final heating of material heat treated to Ftu 260 to
0.38 0.43 0.35 0.40 280 ksl. This also applies to the baking operation at
Chromium 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 365 to 385F, 8 hours, which relieves hydrogen
Manganese 0.65 o.ss 0.65 o.ss emhrlttlement after plating, (6, p. 3).
Molybdenum 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30 l.OS92 Refrigeration at UO to 1301', 3 hoou, l an
Nickel 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00
Phosphorus . 0.040 . 0.040
alternatlve method which eliminates untempercd
martensite. It Is applicable only to ~lcknesscs up to
Silicon 0.20 0.3S 0.20 0.35
Sulfur . 0.040 0.040
2 Inch arx:l slmple shapes to avoid cracking, and It
Iron Balance should he followed by retemperlng.
Balance
AMS 6359 A gives 0. 60 Min, 0. 80 Max. 1.06 Hardness
1.061 Ilnd quench hardenabillty, Fig. I. 061.
1.062 4337 Is used only up to 7/8 Inch diameter. 4340
through hardens on oil quenching up to 3 Inch diameter.
4 1/2 Inch diameter bar, when water quenched, wlll
1.05 Heat Treatment contain more rhan 95 percent martensite plus austenJre
1.051 Normalize. 157S to 1700F, I hour per inch or maximum and wlll develop nearly full hardness.
thlckneas, alr cool, (5, p. 9). 1.063 Rflect of tempering temperature on hardness of alloy,
1.052 Temper normalized condition for machlnablllty. 1250F FiB. 1.063.
maximum, (S, p. 9).
1.053 Full aMeal. 1525 to I650P, furnace cool or cool ln 1.07 Forma and ConditJonti Avatlab1e
ash or lime, (5, p. 9). 1.071 The steel Ia available In the lull commercial range of
1.054 Spheroldizlng anneal. 1425P, 2 hours, furnace cool ro sizes for all forma.
1210P, hold 8 hours, furnace cool or air cool. 1.072 All products are available In the hot rolll.'d or forged,
I.OSS Stress relief parts after atra!Bhtenlng, machining, ere. normalized, aMealed or spheroldized condlllon.
CODE 1206
PAGE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
1.08 Melting and Cast!na Practice 2.022 mectrlcal reslotaoce. At 120P, 11.7 mlcrohmln aod
FtJ Electric funw:e air melt, Ioductlon aod consumable at 570F, 18.7 microhm ID, (8, p, 2).
electrode vacuum melts are also avaUable. 2,023 Magaetlc properties. Steel Is ferromagneti c, (8, p. 2),
0.4 c 1.09 Special Consideration s
2.024
2.025
Emlsalvlly
Damping capacity
1.8 Ni 1.091 Low alloy steels decarburlze under normal beat!Jog and
heat treat!Jog coodltlona and !his Ia detrimental to the 2,03 Chemical Properties
0.8 Cr fatigue strength ol the higher strength levels, 2.031 The geueral corroalon resistance of all low alloy steels
Decarburlzatl on must be either carefully removed by Ia poor and they need corrosion protection.
0.25Mo machining or, In the case of sheet, an Inert abnoa 2,032 Hydrogen embrlttlemen t becomes pronounced In material
phere must be uaed to avoid either decarburlzlng or heat treated to Ptu above 200 kal, wben ex-posed to
carburlzlng. hydrogenating condltlons,auc h as plcldlug. cathodic
4340,433 7 1.092 Material heat treated 10 Ftu = 260 to 280 kel requires clean!Dg or electroplating . The steel may then fall at
careful designing to keep stress concentration s at a a very low strength and In a brittle manner at locations
minimum and special measures during fabtlcatlon as ol high stress concentration s and during slow rates d.
follows: loading or sustained loads, The absence ol hydrogen
(a) Decarburlzatl on must be completely embrlttlemen t should be demonstrated by means of notched
removed. tensile specimens, See 3.027111.
(b) Straightening of heat treated parts
ohould be limited to 1/4 degree and 2.04 1\b:lear Properties
performed at temperatures between 2.041 Irradiation effects on the mechanical properties ollow
70 to 200F followed by retemperlng alloy steels depend upon their heat treatment and grain
at 390 to 410F, 4 hours, Straightened structure. They consist of an increase in hardness and
sections muot be hot peened. yield strength, a slight Increase In tensile strength,
(c) Grinding of heat treated part must be a large decrease In elongation and a reduction In Impact
performed with extreme c.autfon and strength. The quenched and tempered conditions are
must be followed by baking at 365 tn most resistant to trradiatlon.
38SF and shot peening,
(d) Scale and ruot removal ohould be by 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
machining, .. ad blaotlng or wet
blaotlng 3.01 Specl!led Mechanical Propenle&
(e) Vapor or oolvent degreaalng must be 3.011 AM::-5 design mechanical properties for wrought fonns,
used, Pickling and cathodic cleaning Table 3. 011.
are prohibited because ol the
susceptibility of Inducing hydrogen TABLE 3 011
embrittl ement. I Snurcr 10 D, 2.25
(I) Plating must be followed by baking at I Allnv 4340
365 to 385F, 8 hours. minimum. U LE=m All wrOUJ<ht forms
parts are plated for oxidation protectloo Heat treated (quenched and tempered)
before austenlttzlng, this must be Condition to oblaln the Ftu Indicated
followed by baking at 350 to 400F, 3 Fru. mln-ksi 90 95 125 !50 180 200 260
hours. Ftyo mlnksl 70 75 !03 132 163 176 217
(g) A final baking at 250F, 24 hours Is
Fey min-kst 70 75 113 145 179 198 242
required to slablllze austenite. Fsu mlnksl 55 55 82 95 109 119 149
AhernaUvely. refrigeraUon can be
Fbru mlnksl
used. (Cleveland Pneumatic Tool
1958). Honing to a depth not exceeding
0, 010 Inch may follow shot peening,
(e/0 1.5)
(e/0 2.0)
Fbry min-ksl
.
140
.
140
194
251
219
287
. 250
326
272
355
347
440
but grinding alter peening Is not
permissible.
(e/0 1.5)
(e/0 2,0)
- . !51
!80
189
218
230
256
255
280
312
346
1.093 Hydrogen embrlnlemen t Is a problem II the steel Is heat e, percent 23.0 . 23.0 18.5 15.0 13.5 .
treated to F1u above 200 ksl.
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.012 Boeing addltion.Ll design properties for Pw 260 kal
minimum condition, Table 3. 012.
2.01 Thermal Properties
2.011 Melting point, 2HOF, approximately , (8).
2.012 Phase changes. This steel transforms from ausll!nJte
to ferrite and carbides on slow cooling and to TABLE 3 012
I Source f34. n~ -21
martensite on fast cooJlnsr.
Aliov 4340
Critical temperatures , -
I Form Bar fondnas. tublnsr
Acl t350F 'Cnrxlitlnn rtu ZOO to Z80 ka
Ac3 1425F
Cross scctlonsatn 100 or less Over 100
Arl 725F+
Ar3 900 to 1200F, (8, p, 2) RA, mlnpcrcent
2.0121 nmetemperaturt~transformatJon, Fig. 2.0121.
Single value 6 6
2.013 Thermal conductivity. 21,7 Btu It per (hr sq ft F), Average or heat IS 10
(8, p. 2),
2.014 Thermal expansion
At 0 to 200F, 6. 3 x 10"6 in per In per F,
0 to 1200F, 8.1 x to6,n per In perF, (B,p.12).
2.015 SpecUic hea(, o. 107 Btu per (lb F), (8, p. 2),
2.016 Thermal dlffuslvlty 3.02 Mcchantca1 Properties It Room Temperature
3.021 Tension
2.02 Other Rlysical Properties 3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams
2.021 Density. 0. 283 lb per cu ln. 7. 83 gr per cu em, 3,02111 Typical stresa-straln curves for various strength
(8), ' l""ela, Fig, 3.02111.
3.0212 Effect of tempering temperature on tenolle properties.
CODE 1206
PAGE 2
rt:un
( .
'----' Effect ot tempering temperature oo tensile properties 3.0312 Effect ot test temperature "" tensile properties ot bar
3,02121
ot bar, Pig. 3. 02121. and sheet beat trealc!d to various strength levels, Fig. Fe
3.0312.
3.02122 l!lfect ot tempering temperature and test direction ca
tensile properties ot bar and forging, Fig. 3, 02122, 3.0313 Effect <:1. low test temperature on tensUe properties of 0.4 c
bar heat treated to Ftu = 270 ksl, Fig. 3. 0313.
3,02123 Effect of temperiDg temperature oo teosUe properties
of sheet, Fig. 3. 02i23. 3.0314 Relatica between tensUe strength at -320F, -100F and 1.8 Ni
Effect ot tempei"IDg temperature oo tensUe properties at room temperature , Fig. 3. 0314.
3.02124 0.8 Cr
ot single and double tempered bar, Fig. 3.02124, 3.0315 llffect of sUicoo on tensile properties at RT and 600 P,
Effect of tempermg temperature on tensllle properties ot Fig. 3. 0315.
3.02125
iO percent cold reduction, Pig. 3. 02i25. 3.032 Compresaloo 0.25Mo
llffect of strain rate on tensUe strength and elcagstloo 3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams
3.0213
of bar, Pig. 3.0213. 3.03211 Stress:strain curves in compression at room and
I!Cfect of strain rate on upper and lower yield strength elevated temperatures for sheet heat treated to 4340,4337
3.0214
ot bar, Fig. 3.0214. Fru = 2QO ksl, Fig. 3,032ll.
I!Cfect of cold reduction on tensile properties of bars 3.0322 I!Cfect of test temperature on compressive yield strength
3.0215
of sheet heat treated to Ftu = 200 ksi, Fig. 3. 0322.
tempered at 1000 P, Pig. 3, 0215.
3.0216 llffect oJf cold reduction on tensile properties or bars 3.033 Impact
3.0331 llffect of tempering and test temperatures oo Impact
tempered at ll50F, Fig. 3.0216.
3.022 Compressloo strength of bar, Fig. 3. 0331.
&:ress-strain diagrams 3.0332 Effect of test temperature on Impact strength of alloy,
3.0221
3.0222 Relation between compressive yield strength and tensUe Fig. 3. 0332.
strength, Fig. 3. 0222. 3.0333 Effect of low and elevated temperalllres on Impact
3.023 Impact strength of alloy, F.l. 3. 0333.
3.024 Bending 3.034 Bending
3.0241 Bend strength of tubing heat treated to Ftu = 260 to 280 3.035 Torsloo and shear
ksl, Fig. 3.0241. 3.036 Bear lug
3.025 Torsion and shear 3.037 Stress concentration
Relatioo between torsion strength and tensile strength, 3.0371 Notch properties
3.0251
Fig. 3. 0251. 3.03711 I!Cfect ot test temperature on notch strength of bar heat
3.0252 Torsion strength o( tubing heat treated to FlU = 260 to trealc!d to Ftu = 270 ksl, Pig. 3. 03711,
280 ksl, Fig. 3. 0252. 3.03712 llffect ot low and room temperature oo smooth and
Bearing notched properties of air mellc!d sheet heat treated to
3.026 Fru i90 11:11, Pig, 3.037i2.
3.0261 Relatioo between bearing properties and tensile strength,
Fig. 3. 0261. 3.03713 Effect ot temperature on tensile and notch tensile
3.027 Stress concentration properties of sheet heat treated to 280 ksl, Fig. 3. 03713.
3.0271 Notch properties 3.03714 I!Cfect ot room and elevated temperature on smooth
3.02711 I!Cfect of tempering temperature on notch properties. and notched properties of a1r melted tempered
3.027U1 I!Cfect or tempering temperature, hydrogen content, sheet, Fig. 3. 03714.
stress concentration and rate of loading co the tensile 3.0372 Fracture toughness
strength of notched bar, Fl!(. 3.0271ll. 3,03721 llffect ot low and elevated temperature on tensile
3.027112 I!Cfect of temp! ring temperature and specimen locatloo properties, notch strengd.nd .fracture toughness ot
on tensile properties and n~tch strength of a forging, air melt and vacuum arc mell''<l alloy, Fig. 3. 03721.
Fig. 3.027112. 3.03722 Effect of low and elevated temperature on tensile
3.027113 l!lfect of tempering temperature on notch strength ot properties, notch strength and fracture toughness of
sheet, Pig. 3. 027113. vacuum Induction melted and remellc!d alloy, Fig.
3.027114 I!Cfect ot tempering temperature and load direction on 3,03722.
notch strength of air melt bar, Fig. 3.027114. 3.03723 I!Cfect of temperature on smooth and notch properties
3.o27a5 Effect of tempering temperature on notch strength ot and fracture toughness of sheet md bar tempered at
10 percent cold reduced bar, Fig. 3.027115. 400F, Fig. 3. 03723.
3.02712 Relatioo between notch strength for dUferent test bar 3.03724 I!Cfect of low and elevated temperature on tensile
sizes, stress concentration and test directions arxt: properties, notch strength and fracture toughness of
lenslle strength, Fig. 3. 02712, sheet and bar tempered at 7SOF, Fig. 3.03724.
3.02713 Bffect of specimen cross section. notch radius and 3.038 Combined properties
notch depth on notch strength ratio of bar, Pig. 3,02713.
3.02714 I!Cfect of ratio of thickness to notch root radius on notch 3.04 Cree(! and Creel! Rui!!!!!e Pr!!J!!:rtiea
strength of sheet and plate, Pig. 3,02714. 3.041 Creep curves for sheet at 1000 and 1200F, Fig. 3. 041.
3.02715 I!Cfect of net section strength on tensile yield strength of 3.042 Short time toto! strain curves for sheet at 1000 to
sheet with centrally located holes or fatigue cracks, 1SOOF, Fig. 3. 042.
Pig. 3. 02715.
3.02716 I!Cfect of centrally located fatigue cracks of various 3.05 Fatigue Pr!!J!erties
3.051 S-N curves for smooth and notched specimens In
3.02717
lengths on net section strength, Fig. 3. 02716.
I!Cfect of cold reduction on notch strength ol bars au:.tliig ~rn
Pig, 3.051.
= di:-cc: :::-:::::! !=t trc:ncd b:lr,
temperated at IOOOF, Pig. 3.02717.
3.02718 I!Cfect of cold reduction on notch strength of bars 3.052 Relatloo between endurance limit >:::d tensile strength
tempered at 1150F, Fig. 3.02718. for ..,ooth and notched bar, Fig. 3.052.
3.0272 Fracture toughness 3.053 E!tfCC: of specimen size on endurance limit for smooth
3.02721 l!lfect of tempering temperature oo fracture toughness and notched apeclmens, Fis. 3. 053.
of air melted sheet, Fig. 3. 02721. 3.054 Stress range diagrams for bar heat treated to various
3.028 Combined properties strength levels, Pig. 3. 054.
3.055 Stress range diagrams for mooth and notched bar at
3.03 Mecbanlcal Pro~rtles at Various Tem~ratures room temperature to 1000i', l'lg. 3. 055.
3.031 Tension 3.056 S N curves for notched rhrome plated, chrome
3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams diffused and bare bar at room temperature and
3.03111 Stress-straln curves at room and elevated temperatures 3SOF for Ftu a 200 to 220 ksl, Fig. 3. 056.
for sheet heat treated to P1u 200 ksl, Fig. 3.03111. 3.057 S N curves for notched chrome plated. chrome
3.03112 Stress-straln curves at room and low temperatures for diffused and bare bar at room temperature and 3SOF
bar heat treated to Ftu 270 ksl, Fig. 3.03112. for Ptu 260 to 280 ksl, Pig. 3.057.
CODE 1206
PAGE 3
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEOz DECE M8ER 1963
.. .
~j;
TABLE 4 037
sml shear
3.058 S-N curves for pin loaded lug jolDt specim en Source 48, :;!. 3)
joint spec:Jmen, Fig. 3. 058, Fe 0.4C 1.8Ni O.BC r0.25M o
Fe S-N curves for 4340 welds (Oxweld 71 fUJer
metals ), All~
3.059 Form Sheet
0.4 c Fig. 3.059. Condition Ann
0.030
Thickn ess - In
Blastic l'ropen iea
1.8 Ni 3.06
l'o1aao n's ratio. o. 3,
Failure
Load1 b Ftuks i"
3.061 atures, l'ig. I Ovcrlll.l!_
Mmlulu s cl elastic ity at variou s temper
QB Cr 3.062
3.062.
1/2in 1190 80
73
lin 2180
Modulu s of rigidity 88
Q25 Mo 3.063
Tangen t modulu s
lin 2660
3.064
3.0641 Tangen t modulu s curves In tensloo for differe
nt strengt h Based on origina l cross section al area.
levels, Fig. 3, 0641.
4340 ,433 7 Tangen t modulu s curves In compre ssion
at room aod 4.04 Heat Treatm ent
ated,
3.0642
4.041 DCCarburiZitlciii sho.,ld be avoide d or elimin
elevate d temper atures, Flg,'3, 0642. strengt h,
as it bi:I.J au advt.!rse eUect on the fatigue
3.065 Secant modulu s particu larly of the high strengi h levels.
Specifi cations
room and
Secant modulus curves in comprc ssloo at In
3.0651 genera lly permit a dccarb urizati oo of 0.003
elevate d temper atures, Fig. 3. 0651. The decarb urized layer
maxim um on !he finishe d part.
d. That
presen t In proces sed bar should be remove
FABRICATION forging s aod
4. resultin g frotn heat treatin g plate, bar,
to !he 0. 003
tubing, sttould be control led or remove d
4.01 Forma hlllty from critica l
larly In sheet In tnaxlm um specific'<! or even less
4.011 Genera l. The formab Ulty of 4340, particu section s subject to stress concen tration or
repeate :l
carbon Clllltent
form, Is not well known. Becaus e r:J Its loading .
formin g
ami Its air harden ing charac teristic s severe 4.042 Sheet should be supplie d practic ally free
from dccarb Ur
ng, ami
should rLoqulre full or spherol dlzlng alllleali lzatlon and heat treated In a low humidi ty
locrt gas
mod,
It should form In a manne r Inferio r to 4335 atmosp here.
ed cold. U
4.012 Straigh tening of parts should be perform 4.043 Heating and austeni tlzlng times for variou
s thickne sses,
operati on should
heat treated parts are stralgh teoed, ibis Fig. 4.043.
be followe d by stress relief, See 1. 05. ted becaus e
um, 4.044 Plating prior to austenl tlzing Is not permit
4.013 Forgin g. Startin g temper ature 2250F maxlm of diffusio n and decrea se hi fatigue strcngi
h.
LUte all ultra
finishin g temper ature 1950F minimu m.
capabil ity
high strengt h steels having air harden ing 4.05 Surface Trcn tmcnt
In ash or lime
prehea ting ami furnace cooling or cooling 4.051 Cle:~nlng ol parts heat treated
to variou s strengt h levels,
after forging Is recomm cooed. should be
up to and Including Ftu: 220 to 240 ksl,
such as
perform ed prefera bly by mechan icr.l means,
Machin ing ami Grindin g wire brushin g. etc.
4.02 normal ized shot, grit or sand blaatin g or
4.021 For r<Jgh machin ing !he steel should be Pickling should be followed by baking (cmbrl
ttlcmcn t
and temper ed at J250F maxim um. relief) at 375F, 3 hours, (5, p. 2).
materi al heat treaed heat treated to
4.0Z2 Finishi ng can be perform ed on 4.052 Hydr~enatlng treatm ents of ports
to all strengi h levels. U materi al heat
treated to
on should Fw a 260 to 280 ksl, should be followe d
by baking ....... ,
Fw ~ 260 to 280 kslls machin ed, ibis operati accord ing to T,1blc 4.052. Hydrog enating
treatm ents
be followe d by a stress relief, See 1.0552 . oiher !han ih<>Sc listed In Table 4. OSZ should
not be
tlemcn t
perform ed, as the resultin g hydrog en embrit
4.03 Weldin g, See also 3, 059. caMot be fully remove d.
teristic s
4.031 Genera l. This steel has good welding charac
me !hods
and parts can bo: joined by gas or arc fusion TABLE 4 052
and rcslst.t nce nash welding , (28), Source _{34 _jJ. 2
ition and
4.032 For fusion welding usc rod of same compos Al!oy_ 4340
for arc welding usc cooted electro des, (28). Condltl oo rtu ~ou to 21KJ hi
Spot and sesm welding or sheet is not
recomm ended
4.033 Embrlt tlemen t Relief
becaus e of air hardeni ng, (28). Treatm ent Temp F Time, minhr
forging s
4.034 Fusion or resista nce nash welding of bar, I
to 280 ksl l'hosph atlzing 210 to 220
and tubing to be heat treated to Ftu 260 24
t of !he Chrom ium plating 35010 400
Is not permis sible, becaus e r:J embrlt tlemen 3
Surface temper etch 350 to 400
joint area.
ity of
4.035 Tests were perform ed to establi sh sultabU
:i1iit uf
comme rcial filler metai~ for use in wt:iWm 4.053 Hard chromi um plating or parts heat treated
to
ksl, 200 to
4340 ste;,ls at strengi h IL'Yels 180 to 200 Ftu = 260 to 280 ksl should be pre-ceded
by vapor
ng results :
220 ksi and 260 to 292 ksl, wlih the followi degrea slng, sand blastin g and chromi c acid anodic
In !he 180 to 220 kal strcngi hs Oxweld
71 filler wire sible. Cttihodlc
ties while In etching . Anodic picklin g Is also permis
produc ed !he better combin ation of proper not be used.
picklin g and non-ele ctrolyt ic picklin g should
4340 electro de
!he 260 to 292 ksl strengi h bodJ rand H Cleanin g should be followL'CI by a otress
relief at 375F,
9IJX, joint
and !he Oxweld 71 filler wire produc ed over 4 hours minimu m aoo plating should be followc'C I by
y, (39) (54).
efficie ncies an.J csh>bited very good ductilit baking at 375F, 24 hours, Chrom e plaiL'CI
specim ens,
of weld and
4.036 Biaxial ~nd uniaxia l stress- strain curves wlih a cylindr ical diamet er or 0. 357 Inch
and a SO
parent metal, Fig. 4. 036. of 0. 025 inch,
be explosi on percen t, bO dcgrt.-e nocch with a radius
Sheet of O.roo Inch ihlckne ss can also percen t of
4.037
have been should nOI rupture within 200 hours 31 75
welded to 4340. The following variab les chc ROICh Sltcngl h of unplatt: d Spt."Cinrcns,
(5).
studied : C:ldmiu m plating suitabl e for parts heal
crcah."ll up ID
4.054
ing
300 ksi can be obtninl.od in a lxtth contain
(a) l!lchan t for surface treatme nt 3 to 4 oz per gal cadmiu m
(b) Spacing betwee n sheets B. 5 to 9. 5 oz per gal sodium cyanid e
(c) Exploa lve forces applied 2.5 to 3 07. Jle!r gal sodium hydrox ide
(d) IDitiatlng directi ons 8 oz per gal rnaxlm um sodium carbon ate
(e) Medium transm itting the forces 0. 5 10 0. 7 oz per gal cadaly tc brighte ner
at 70 to
Table 4. 037.
Tensio n t..st r:J explosi ve welded alloy, 90F and 20 to 40 ampo per sq ft.
CODE 1206
PAGE 4
FeUH
REVISEOa DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe(0.4C)-1.8NI0.8Cr0.25Mo
.
.
60
~-- -
-- r.::::--
- .
- - ............
0
.... ~
50
MIN"'
1--- '0...'- ~"--
40
- - A lSI E4340H
----AISI 4340H
-...... ....
--lSI 4337H
4340 (2)
0 4337 (3) ( 4)
30
0 8 16 24 32
DISTAN:E FRCfd QUBN:HBD END - SIXTEBNrnS IN
FIG. 1.061 END QUEN:H HARDBNABILITY (2) (3) (4)
Fc(0.4C)1.8NI0.8Cr0.25Mo
.Ill
0
..~
~
40 t---t----t::-.E----1
200.__ _400..L.---800.l---I.J200
TBMPERINJ TEMP F
FIG. I. 063 EFFI!CT OF TBMFERIN::
TEMPERATURE ON HARD
NESS OF ALLOY
(36, p. 76)
CODE 1206
PAGE 5
I ""''-"' f
Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
Q25 Mo
4340,4337 ':"
c.
~
...
400IC:~~~~~-------L~-------L--------~------~
10 1o2 1ol lo4 uP 106
TIME - SECOND
FIG. 2.0121 TIMETEMPEF.A1URETRANSFORMA110N (52, p. lOS)
320
I
Fru 280 KS!l
;},v~
240
L...----~~>c-+-----t---; 2401i!
:.c
200
160 L
? 200 KSI
180 KSI
.,_zoo~----~----~----+----~~-
12 0
L 140 KSI
:.c
120
80
1/
I
j
ov
0
TEiiON
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0 0 400 600 800 1000 1200
STRAIN IN PER IN
TEMPERII'C TEMP F
FIG. 3. 02111 TYPICAL STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR
FIG. 3.02121 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIIII:l TEMPERA11!RE ON TENSILE
VARIOUS STREIII:lTil LEVELS (31) (35) I'ROPER11ES OF BAR (13, p. 78)
CODE 1206
PAGE 6
FeUH
REVISE!) DECEMBER 1963 FERRO US ALLOYS
32'~--~-----r-F~e~-(~0.~~~-1~.8~~~-o~.8~C~r~-0~25~M~o 320
Fe-(0.4C)-1,8~-0.8Cr0.25Mo
BAR FORG!KlS
0. 75 IN BAR
Fe
1550F, 0Q
zro~~--~\-~----t---~+~TrEM~P~E~R~ FTU 0.4 c
240 v
---, l- 1.8 Ni
lil
:.c ..o- PTY 0.8 Cr
160
NORM 1650 F 0.25Mo
lil HUST 1575 F, 0Q
>t
e +SIKlLEE}TEMPER
200~-*-----+--~~~~,_----1 ro
0 DOUBLE 4340,43 37
~ ~f3/41NBAR RA
A. 45 DI!G TO FIBER,
160 l--1t!F:_:O~R~G!!.IM:i!:!j------f------.~~---1
e(2 IN)
0
600 700 800 900
TEMPERIK l TEMP - F
PIG. 3.02124 EFFECT OF TEMPl!RIM:i
TEMPERA11JRE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SIM:iLE AND
DOUBLE TEMPI!RHD BAR
(40, TBI. 2)
TEMPERIM:i TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02122 EFFECT OF TEMPl!RIM:i TEMPERA11JRE
AND TEST DIRl!CTION ON Tl!NSILE PROP-
ERTIES OF BAR AND FORGIM:iS
(13, p. 92)
r----,----,---~F~'e~-(~0.7.4C~)~-1~.8~N~I-0~.~8C~-~0~.2~5M~o 400
FINAL BAR DIA 0. 409 IN
NORM 1650F, I HR, AC
2M AUST 1SSOF, I HR, OQ
I
Fe(0.4C) 1.8Ni0.8C r -0.25Mo
SHl!ET
TEMPER, I HR, AC 320
~--~~---t-----t-----r----i240
lil M
>t
!7.Ill
u 20
""le
0
0 2110 400 600 BOO 1000 1200
TEMPERIM:i TEMP - F
TEMPl!RII'I:l TEMP I'
FIG. 3.02123 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN:l TEMPI!RA11JRE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET FIG. 3.02125 EFFECT OP TEMPERII'I:l TEMP!!RA11JRE ON TI!NSILE
(22, p. 55 -57) (29) PROPER'I1l!S OF 10 PERCENT COLD REDIJC'J10N
(53, p. 7. 8, 9)
CODE 1206
PAGE 7
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVIS E[) DECEMBER 1963
. - ' .,
1.8 Ni 1575F, 0 1575P, OQ...I ....___ ~
~
+800P +800F
0.8 Cr
0.25Mo
200
..... _.-5
/ 80
.,
+925F-'
u
+925F. /
4340, 4337 180 v ....Z1
HO
+ 1300 TO 1200F, PC + 1200P ;-"\
+l~T01200F,FC+1200F,
2 HR
'fER
~ lA
u---
l ~ LOWER
(
j.o FTY
120
I
1575 TO UOOF, 2HR PC+ 1200F, 2HR
. ~I .1 ,P
100 157z to 1 F, 2 H , FC + lj_:_:::~-
-
20
-"
e (21N)
n Ia
A 0.001 0.01
0.1 10 100
~ STRAIN RATB IN PBR IN PER MIN
n [']
PIG. 3.0214 EFFECT OF STRAIN RATE ON UPPER
AM> LOWER
0 0.01
YIELD STR Ei'illi OF liAR (l6, p. 7 12)
0.1 10 100 1000
STRAIN RATB- IN PER IN PER MIN
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF STRAIN RATE ON TENSILE
STRI!['K;lli
AND EI..ON:IATION OF BAR (16, p. 7-25)
lil
:..: j!
2001iJ
.
:..:
~~~~~~~---;160~
e(11N)
10 20 30 40
COLD RBDUCTION PBRCENT
FIG. 3.0215 BPPBCT OP COLD RI!IXX:TJON
ON TENSU.B PROPBRnBS OF BARS
1Bt.IPI!a SD AT 1000 P (53)
CODE 1206
PAGE 8
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
';.~
'W ~rA---;r---~----~-----r----~
Fe-(0. 4C>:-\ 8NI-Q. 8CrO. 25Mo Fe
13/8 TO 2 7/8 IN TUIIIl'C
F 260 TO 2~ KSI
. 0.4 c
0 (31) 1.8 Ni
(32)
ADJUSTBD TO 260 KSl 0.8 Cr
0.25Mo
lil
~
160 4340,4:337
~
II.
120
40
f
~
u 20
a:
re
0 RATIO OF DIAMETER TO WALL 1HlCKNI!SS
0 10 20 30 40
FIG. 3. 0241 BEND STRENG1H OF TIJBING HEAT TREATBD
COLD RBDUCTION PERCEf\rl"
TO Fro 260 TO 280 KSI (31) (32)
FIG. 3. 0216 EFFECT OF COLD RBDUCTION ON
TI!NSILE mOPERTII!S OF BARS
TEMPERBD AT USOF (53, p. 7)
Fe(0.4C)l.8NIO.BCr0.2SM
160 .liN BAR
./
151SF, OQ+ TEMPER
/
/
1
I
2~r-----r-----~----~----~-----
Pe(O. 4C)l. 8NIO. BCrO. 25Mo
-- .
\
320
120 160
Fro KSl RATIO OF DIAMETER TO WALL 1HlCKNI!SS
PIG. 3.0222 RELATION BE"IWBEN COMl'RI!SSIVB YlBLD FIG. 3. 0252 TORSION STRE~ OF TIJBING
STRENG1H AND TBNSILB STRENG1H HEAT TREATBD TO Pro 2110
(13, p. 122) 1'0 2~ KSl . (31, p. 7)
CODE 1206
C"''."' I PAGE ____
9 ___.
~,
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
Ft:(O.CC)l.lJNIO. r0.25Mo
F e,(0.4C) 1.8NIO.BCr0.25Mo
Fe 12 IN 00 FORGIN:l, MACH 9
INIDI625F,3HR+I57SF, 4HR
0.4 c j.:+...:T:..:EM=P:..:IifR-2...;x;..3_H-IRI---i 280
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
J-.!::~-+-...,..:---l-----1 . .240 li!
L-o_.2_5_M_o_. !:.i 320
1----1--..c...-+...,.~+----i----t :..:
4340,4337 240
li!
:..: 200 160
}
Fro KSI 160
FIG. 3.0261 RELATION BETWEEN BEARIN:l PROPERTIES 40
AND TENSILE STREN:JTH (13, p. 126)
~ 0
Ill 20
C.l
"'
Ill
.... 0
280
1000
TEMPERIN:l TEMP F
-. . . . . .-,q;
10
TEMPERIJII:l TEMI' F
FIG. 3.027111 EFFECT OF TEMPERIJII:l TEMPERATURE,
HYDROOEN CONTENT, STRESS COlll:ENT
RATION AND RATE OF LOADIN:l ON THE TEMPERIJII:l TEMP F
TENSILE SfREJII:lTH OF NOTCHED BAR
FIG. 3,027113 EFFECT OF TEMPERIJII:l TEMPERATURE
(19, p. 3442)
ON NOTCH STREJII:lTH OF SHEET (29)
CODE 1206
PAGE 10
FeUH
REVISE[) DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
32or-----~----~~~F~e--(~0.~4C~)~-~1.~8N~I~O~.SC~r~-o~.~~M~o
Fro AIRMELT Fe
0.180 IN SPECIMENS
240 1----!----_;:~,.... CUT FROM 4" x 12" BAR 0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
160
Q25Mo
240
in
:.: 4340,43 37
160
A LP 0
eLN
OTN
80
1000 1200
TEMPeRIN:l TEMP F
FIG. 3.027114 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA'IlJRE
AND LOAD DIRECTION ON NOTCH
STRENG1ll OF AIR MELT BAR (42, p. 9)
LP Longitudinal , parallel to suiface
LN Longitudinal, normal to suiface
TN Transverse, normal to suiface
...... ASDMWN
-<>- AGED 400F, 1 HR
160
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMP F
FIG. 3.027115 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMP F'IlJ KSI
BRATURE ON NOTCH STRENG1ll FIG. 3.02712 RELATION BETWEEN NOTCH STRENG1ll FOR DIFFERENT
OF 10 PERCENT COLD REDUCED TEST BAR SIZES, STRESS COJIA:ENTRATIONS AND TEST
BAR (5~, p. 7, 8, 9) DIRECTIONS AND TENSILE STRENG1ll (15, p. 23)
CODE 1206
PAGE II
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
320...------~------,
Fe Fe-(0. 4C)l.SNiO. SCrO. 25Mo
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
025Mo
4340,4337
80~--~~--~-----t-----;
e 0. I IN DIA CENTER HOLE CRACK
0 0.1 IN CENTER CRACK
oL---~-----L----~----J
150 175 200 225 250
FTY- KSI
FIG. 3. 02715 EFFECT OF NET SECTION STRENJTH
ON TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH OF
SHEET WITH CENTRALLY LOCATED
HOLES OR FATIGUE CRACKS
(50, p. 67)
32
Fe-(0. 4C)-I. SNHl. 8Cr-ll. 25M
0 6
0 20 40 60 80 100
NOTCH DEml (I d2to2 OR I 2o/B) PERCENT
PIG, 3, 02713 EFFECT OF SPECIMEN CROSS SECTION,
NOTCH RADIUS AND NOTCH DEPTH ON
NOTCH STRENJTH RATIO OF BAR 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
(25)
CRACK LENJTH -IN
FIG, 3,02716 EFFECT OF CENTRALLY
LOCATED FATIGUE CRACKS
OF VARIOUS LENJTHS ON
NET SECTION STR ENG11i
320
(50,p.67)
l'c-(0. 4C I. 8NiO. 8Cr -O.l5Mo
3~0 FINAL DAR DIA 0.409 IN
280 NORM lh501', I UR, AC
AUST 1550F, I IIR, OQ
TEMPER IOOOF, I HR, AC
240
i;l
:..:
;;; 240
200
:..:
160
160
120 0 0 10 20
4 2H 30 40
1/r RATIO COLD REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 3.02714 EFFECT OF RATIO OF THICKNESS TO NOTCH ROOT RADIUS FIG. 3. 02717 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON
ON NOTCH STREN:;TH OF SHEET AND PLATE (43, p. 26, 27) NOTCH STRENJTH OF BARS TEMP
ERED AT IOOOF (53, p. 8)
CODE 1206
PAGE 12
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
;"! ...
. '{l
."'r
200 Pe(O. :)-1. BNIO. 8Cr0.25Mo
0,064 ~SHBBT
Fe
1525P, 10MlN, AC
160 SOOP, I HR
0.4 c
Pro200 KSI 1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
025Mo
434q4337
1000P
...... AS DRAWN
--o-AGEO 400F, 1 HR TENSION
129 :a.o---1.1.0_ ___.20_ _ _3._0_ ___.40
0. 002 o. 004 o. 006 0. 008 0.010
COLD REDUCTION PERCENT STRAIN 1N PER IN
1'1<::. 3.0271~ I!PFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON PIC. 3. 03111 STRI!SS STRAIN CURVI!S AT ROCt.f AND
NOTCH STRI!~ni OF BARS TEMP- I!LE':ATBD TEMPBRATIJRBS POR SHBBT
I!RI!D AT llSOF (53, p. 7) HBAT TRBATI!D TO PnJ 200 KSI
(20, p. 15)
360
Pe-(0.4C) -l.BNI 0.8Cr0.25Mc
11NBAR
1575P, 4 HR, OQ
320 + 450P -~-x 4 HR /
P1tl 270 KSI V-4Z3P
'-..,.,_,,,:. /
v
280 I
1--"'7
-321P
1;~
0. 067 II" ~I!BT -108F
200 F-
1550 p. )() M!lll, 0(1.
RT
RBPR!G 320 P
," v
+TBMPBR 24 HR 200
lil
:.:
160
120
80
f
I
j_
v
RT TBST 40
O~--~--CRA---CKB_D_T0~0~,7-~-BY~P_A_TI_O_UB~
0 200 400 600 800 1000 TENSION
TEMPER!~ 0 0 I
TBMP - P 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
PIG, 3.02721 BPPI!CT OP Ti!MPERIIl TBMPBRA1tlRB STRA~ - ~ PER ~
Olil PRACTIJRB TOI.XJHNBSS OP AlR PIC. 3.03112 STRBSSSTRAINCURVI!SAT ROCM AND LOW TBMP-
ME'.LTBD SHBBT BRATIJRBS POR BAR HBATTRBATBD TO Pw 270 KSI
(36, p.l3-14) (9, p. 41)
CODE 1206
PAGE 13
l"'eun
FEFcROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
4340,4337 100
120 160
--
~
100F
200 240
-- 280
~
320
Fro AT RT KSI
FIG. 3.0314 RI!LATION BBTWI!EN'TBNSILB STRBflllTH
AT 320F, 100F AND AT ROOM TBMPBR
ATUR B (30, p. 559)
80
Fe{0.4C)-1.BNlo().8Cro().25Mo
t-1850 F, 4 HR,AC
+ 1650 F, 1 HR, WQ
40 + SOOF, 12 HR, AC
-2000F, 4 HR, AC
+1650F, FC AT 100 F/HR
TO 1200F, HOLD 3 HR, AC
+ 1600F, 2 HR, 0Q
320 + 625F, 6 HR, AC
+625F, 6 HR, AC
280
, VaT
~ 40'~----4-----~~~~------+-----; 240
'
II! -~----
600F
e (liAR)
600 200
200 400 800 1000 o 0.5 1.0 1.5
TBMP F PBRCBNT SILICON (BY WEIGHT )
FIG. 3. 0312 I!FFBCT OF TI!ST TBMPI!RA nJRI! ON TI!NSILI! FIG. 3, 0315 BFFBCl' OP SIUCON ON
PROPI!RTII!S OF BAR AND SHI!I!T HI!AT TRI!ATI!D TBNSILB PROPBR1'1BS AT
TO VARIOUS STRI!JillTH LI!VI!LS RTAND600 P
(13, p. 112) (20)(27) (46,p.18)
-
360
Fe(O. 4C)1. 8NIO. 8CrO. 25Mo
1 IN BAR 200
Fe-(0. 4C)-1. 8NlO. scr-o. 25Mo
320
r-...... 1575F, 4 HR, 0Q
+450F X 4 HR
0. 064 IN SHBI!T
1525F, 10 MIN. AC
\_ ~ ~
+800F HR
Fro 160
~ 280
"'~ FTY - -
~
IJI
u
240
200
40
L.-- e (21N)
I'--
RA
-- ...
...a:
IJI
~
~ ~
CCN BSSION
CODE 1206
PAGE 14
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
200
160
---- ~e-(0.4C)1.SNI-o.acr-o.25Mo
r-.._ ~
p 0.064 IN SHEBT
525P, 10 MIN. AC
+SOOP 1 HR
r--p ..... ..... ~200KSI
.
120
80
Pe-(0. 4C)l. SNl-G, aer-o. 25Mo
F'ru 150 KSI
--- 0.4 c
Fe
1.8 Ni
~ 120
TY
t: 40 L Q8 Cr
/ Q25Mo
\ '\
IECHARPYV
80
.: 0 I 434q4337
400 -200 0 200
\ TEMP- P
PIG. 3. 0333 EPPBcr OP LOW AND ELEVATED
200 TEMPERATURES ON IMPAcr
600 800 1000 STRENGTH OP ALLOY
TEMP F (51,p.24)
~- FIG. 3. 0322 BPPBCT OP TEST TEMPERATURE ON
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRBN:ITH OP
SHBBT HEAT TREATED TO Fru 200 KSI
(20, p. 23)
80r---r--~r----r---,
Pe(0.4C)1. 8NiO. 8C~-11.25Mo
BAR I
1550P, 0Q
400
Pe(O. 4C)1. SNIO. 8Cr0.25Mo
1 IN BAR
1575P, 4 HR, OQ
+ 450P, ~ x 4 HR
360
_,.-- I
TEMPBRlf\0 TEMP F
-- ... NOTCH~:;;::
PIG. 3.ro31 EFFBCT OF TEMPERlf\0 AND TEST
TEMPERATURES ON IMPACT
STREN:I1H OP BAR (14, p. 61)
u;
320
'
i v. . . L
........ .... FTU
:.:
280
' ___ J_
I -----
I ~
60 240
Fe-(0. 4C)1. SNI 0. 8CrO. 25Mo o.TI 505
OQ+TiP1 HR I
--
Kt. 3.2
r 0.021
200
---~~~~45) 1.4
- - - 400P (RC 53)
~
- - 500F (RC 52
m CHARPYV
1.0
v
/
v
20
;::'"'!
- . -
.-- ~ ~-~
NOTCH STRBf\CTH
RATIO
0 0.6
400 200 0 200 300 200 100 0 100
TEMP- f TEMP P
PIG. 3.0332 EPPEcrOP 11!!iTTBMl'BRATURB FIG. 3.03711 EPPBcr OP TEST TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
ON JMPAcr STRENGTH OP ALLOY STRBf\CTH OP BAR HEAT TREATED TO
(51,p.26) Pru 270 KSI (9, p. 24)
CODE 1206
PAGE I !:I
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.25Mo
434q4337
TEMP P
PIG. 3.03712 BFFBCT OF LOW AND ROOM TBMPBRATURB ON SM001ll AND NOTCHED PROPER
TIBSOF AIR MBLTBD SHBBT HBAT TRBATBD TO PTY F 190 KSl (36, p. 89)
240
200
:~
L lil
:..:
160
1:!0
~
l'Q
Ill
0
0:
...
Ill
0
160
lil
3/4~tp !~~
:..: 120
0 ,.
3/4 3/8
80
0 200 400 600 800
CODE 1206
PAGE 16
REVISE[) DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
025Mo
~
160 4340,4337
, - m 2 1 11/4.
/2
L r l'e(0,4C)I. SNIO, SCrO, 25Mo
..
t
71{~:~ro 1
0
-~300~----~~oo=---~1~00~--~3700~~~500
TEMP F
PIG. 3,03721 EPPECT OP LOW AND ELBVATED
TEMPBRATURE ON TBNSILB PROPER
TIES, NOTCH STRENG11i AND FRAC
TURE TOUGHNESS OF AIR MELT
AND VACUUM ARC MELTED BAR
(36,p.92)
Baaed on percentage shear
Cracked 10 0. 7 Inch by fadgue cycling T L ,
A e VIM
.0. VIR
0
VIM VAC IND MELTED
O t-----+VIR----V_At-C_IND
___RE-rME--L_TB---tD
~-- 160
"'w
CODE 1206
PAGE 17
t'eUH
Fe
60
,. ~
Fe(O. 4C)l. 8NlO. aer-o. 25Mo
0.4 c
320
', "
ll
O.OSOIN SHEET
I~F, AC
,
+TEMPE R
1.8
0.8 Cr
Ni
', "
'
. " ,. '
. CREW'
Q25M o
4340, 4337
li!
=-:
240 30
'," '
' ' ~-~
\
"\
1000F
I'.
.
160 li! 20
"'
' ~, :\ !',~RBEP
so IS
\)
:~
~~
:!'
IZo !:! 0 10
\
' \ [\\\
2:i=-: e ~'ORM+ 1200F
~~ 40 o NORM + 1300F 1'\ \ 1\
tiz - - - 1%}
- - 2l!; CREEP 1200F
~:2:
~~
--5%
0 6
0.1 10 100 1000
100 0 100 200 300
TEMP F TIMEM IN
PIG. 3. 03723 FIG. 3.041 CREEP CURVES FOR SHEI!T AT 1000 and 1200F
EFFECT OF TEMPERA lURE ON SM001l! AND
NOTCH PROPERTIES AND FRACTURE TOUGH (26, l' 31)
NESS OF SHEET AND BAR TEMPERED AT 400F
(47, Fig. 1419)
.~.
10 ~-=~~~-----P~--~~~--
~
8~-~~~~~---+-~~~
e Ill\
O 3% TOTAL STRAIN
0 100 200 4 S%
300
TEMP F
v 7%
2~----~------~--~~-b--A-
FIG. 3. 03724 BFPI!CT OF LOW ANQ ELEVATBO TEMPER J
ATURB ON TENSILE PROPERTIES, NOTCH 0.001 0.01 0.1 tO
STRI!NG 1ll AND PRAC111RE TOUGHNESS
OF SHEET AND BAR TEMPERED AT750F
TIME HR
FIG. 3. 042 SHOR i TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET
(47, i'lg. 14-19)
AT 1000 co ISOOF (33, p. 37)
CODE 1206
PAGE 18
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERR.OUS ALLOYS
(....__ ,.,.;
600 140 Fe(0.4C)1.8NI-o.scr-0.2S~ o
~
Fe(O. 4C)1. 8NI 0. BCr:-0. 25Mo
100
l
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.25Mo
~w
v --a...~
~
.,;
80
... "" 0
4340,4337
200 / ENDURANCE LIMIT
e A SMOO'Ili Kt
~ ~ .....
1 Iii
O<l.NOTCHBO ~
v ROT~~~ AND
t-----Kt.!..~ a_
R a-! u
"' 60
v
DIRECT STR llSS
R I
0
Ad ROT REAM
eo Dl
~~ ~--f e AIR MELT
SMOO'Ili Kt I
F<":T Sl RllSS
Iii 600 0 VACUUM MELT
~
............. 40
~
...
""
(It
IFTU. ~90 Kat .A11T It
(4 ""'
~u.uu
A' 20
I"
-- '
400
'\
0 d ....
~
.6 NOTCHED
.... Kt 2.5 TO 8
--~ ~i
y
!60 200 240 280
~
~' ~d ~ ~
~d
- FIG. 3.052
FlU KSI
RELATION BETWEEN ENDUKIINCE
LIMIT AND TENSILE STRENG'Ili
FOR SMOO'Ili AND NOTCHED BAR
..
~- It>---
't (21)
()
0.1 io6
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.051 SNCURVES FOR SMOOnl AND NOTCHED
SPECIMENS IN ROTATING BEAM AND DIRECT
STRESS OF HEAT TREATED BAR (11)
100 r---~~~------~----~
Pe(O. 4C)l. 8NIO. SCr-0. 2SMo
BAR
FTU 165 KSI
0.5 1. 5 2
SPECIMEN DIAMETER - IN
FIG. 3. 053 EFFECT OF SPECIMEN SIZE ON
ENDURANCE LIMIT FOR SMOO'Ili
AND NOTCHED SPECIMENS
(12, p. 98)
CODE 1206
PAGE 1'9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.25 Mo
IRBCT ~R&"S
0 ,___.__.....~. _ __L_ _...L..::=---::11
NUMBER OF CYCLES
-0.8 -0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 FIG. 3,056 SN CURVES FOR NOTCHED CHROME PLATI!D,
RATIO MEAN STRESS TO Fro CHROME DIFFUSED AND BARB BAR AT ROOM
Tl!MPI!RAroRE AND 350 F FOR Fru=200 TO
FIG. 3.05~ STRI!SS RANJE DIAGRAMS FOR BAR HEAT 220 KSI (37, p. ~)
TREATED TO VARIOUS STRENGTH LEVELS
(36, p. 92)
80
Fe-(0. 4C)l. riO. SCr-0. 25Mo
1 1/8 IN BAR
u;
:..: 1575F, 1 1/2 HR, OQ
+ llSOF, 1 1/2 HR 200
60 Fe(0.4C 1.8Nl0.8Cr0.25 Mo
"'
Ill
..:I
Fro= 160 KSI
I
e.A.RT
~ 160 0.0.C350F
u
40
0 e CIIROMI! PLATI!D
~ .0. .A CHROML DIFFUSE
"
:!l 0. BARE
.... 120
< 20
:aIll
a:
t; 0 80
40
2
(::
~
a: 40
Ill 20
....
..:I
<
CODE 1206
PAGE 20
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
32
.r. Fe-(o. 4C)-1. 8Nl-O. aer-o. 25Mo
Fe
28 ~~ 0.4 c
1.8 Ni
'"' ""' ~
E
0.8 Cr
...
....
- 24
"':.0: -' 0.25Mo
.~ 1\
~ 20 \ 4340,4337
4 f:~: IN TORQUE APPL ON BOLT
C 0 003
A 0.002
0
150
300
Ntrr, ft-lb
DYNAMIC
... (24)
.,
\
0
10
0 0.0005 " 6(l()
10 108
16 srAnc
e 0. 064 IN SHEET, FnF200 KSI(20)
0 1 IN BAR, Fro 270 KSI(9)
'\
,. NUMBER OP CYCLES A D. 064 IN SHEET, Pnp220 KSI(Bc)(23)
12
FIG. 3.058- SN CURVES FOR PlN LOADED LUG JOINT -400 0 400 800 1200
SPECIMEN AND SHEAR JOINT SPECIMEN TEMP- P
~... p. 7)
PIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY ATVARIOUS
TEMPERATURES (9) (20) (23) (24)
280
I\
Fe(0.4C)l.8N10.8Cr-0.25Mo
BAR
240
Fw'
270KSI
~
200
160
-- ...,
200 KSI /
\
::::::--.
"\
180 KSI J
~
\
\
120
140 KSI f-I ~
~
\
NORMALizwr'""
80
\
TENSION )
I
40
Fro a 140 TO 200 KSI (10)
Fro 270 ICSI (35) I
NUMBERS OF CYCLES I
FIG. 3.059 SN CURVES FOR 4340 WELDS (OXWELD 0
0
I I I
8 16 24 32
71 FILLER METAL) (3 B, p. 10)
1000 ICSI
(1) Origin of failure within specimen or 11111out FIG. 3.0641 TAJIVENTMODULUSCURVES IN
(2) Origin of failure at defect at specimen TENSION FOR DIFFERENT 5rREJIV11i
(3) Palled at bearing hole or In parent metal surface LllVELS (10, p. 29) (35)
CODE 1206
PAGE 21
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
Fe(O .iC)-1.8NIO.BCr0,25M
Fe 0.064 IN SHEET
15251', 10 MIN, AC 240
0.4 c 200 +BOOF, I HR
F'Ill 200 K
1.8 Ni ---~..._
0.8 Cr
160
0.25Mo
W ~~~~.~-~PARB~~NT~~ME==TA~
A WELD METAL
-BIAXIAL
--- UNlAXJAL
40 ~6--~--~---~
oL---~~--~~L-~~-U..J
ROLLING DIRECT
PARALLEL 1U
0 16 24 32 PRIN STRBSS
1000 KSI 0
0 0.004 0.008 0.012
FIG. 3.0642 TII~EirrMODULUS CURVES IN SI'RAIN-IN PBR IN
COMPRESSION AT ROOM liND MAXPRIN
ELEVATED TEMPERII11JRES
FIG. 4. 036 BIAXIAL AND UNIAXlAL
(20, p. 29)
STRBSS-STRAIN CURVBS
OF WELD AND PARENT
METAL (35, p. 8)
2 Specimen per temper tested
2
,"' '(AIR
1--
/
/ __ , ,,
TCYriiL TIME
v . . . . ::;:;::.- ~L--
SALT~
16 24 32
0
---- HOLDI~G TIME
1000 KSI 0 2 3
FIG. 3.065.1 SECANT MODULUS CURVES IN THICKNESS (DIAMETER) IN
COMPRESSION AT ROOM AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FIG. 4.043 HEATIJIC ANOIIUSTENITIZI~
(20, p. 29) TIMES FOR VARIOUS THICKNESSES
(5, p. 6)
CODE 1206
PAGE 22
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~-
REFERE!>I: llS . 33 Van Echo, jol10 A., Wirth, W. F. and Simmons, Ward
F.,. "Short .. Time Creep Properties of Structural Sheet Fe
1 AMS 6359A, (Dec01nbur 1, 1950) Materials for Aircraft and Missile&", AF TR 6731,
2
3
AMS 6415E, (May !, 1954)
AMS 6413C, (May 1, 1954) 34
Part Ill, (May 1955)
Bendix Products Division, "Process SpecUications
c
0.4
4 AMS 64120, Oune 1, 1951) Special Process for Parts Heat Treated to 260, 000
280,000 psi UTS", P. S. 6001, (December 9, 1958)
Ni
1.8
5 Bendix Products Division, "Proce SpecUication",
P. S. 2101; (March 18, 1958) 35 "Studies or Design Criteria for Welded Slructures 0.8 Cr
Loclcheed Aircraft Corp., Process Bulletin", No. Subjected to a Biaxial Slress Field", ASDTDR-621109,
220-M, Rev. ts, (October 15, 1958) Qanuary 1963) 0.25 Mo
The Cleveland Fnewnatic Tool Co., "Heat Treatment 36 Banerjee, B. R. and Hauser, J. T., "Research and
aod Proceaalug or Steel Part& In the 260,000 280, 000 Application Engineering to Determine the Effect ol
PSI Ultimate Tensile Streugth Rauge", CPT Spec. No. Processing Variables on Crsclc Propagation or High 4340,4337
6205, Rev. 1, (April 23, 1956) Strength Steel& and Titanium", ASDTDR-621034,
North American Aviation, Inc., "Alloy Steel AlSI 4340", Pt: 1, (April 1963)
AL-2604, (December 1954) 37 Levy, V. and Nordquist, F.C., "Properties or Materials
9 McCee, R. L., Campbell, j. B., Carlson, L. R. and SAB 4340 Chrome DUfuslon Processed", Rep. FGT250J,
Manning, G. K., "The Mechanical Properties of Certain Oanuary 18, 1960)
Aircraft Structural Metals at Very Low Temperature", 38 Glorioso, F.J. and Nordquist, F.C,, "Determination
WADC TR 58386, (November 1958) or Welded 4340 Steel FaUgue Properties", Rep. FGT
10 MliHdblc-5, "Strength or Metal Aircraft Elements", 2576, General Dynsmlcs, Oanuary 30, 1962)
Battelle Memorial Institute, (December 30, 1958) 39 Oxborrow, S. B.,. "Filler Metal, Electrode and Filler
11 Sachs, G. and Scheven, G., "Relation Between Direct Wire for SAE 4340 Steel, 260292 KSI Heat Treat
Stress and Bending Fatl,l(ue ol Hllth StreiiS!th Steels", Range Evaluation of", General Dynamics,. Rep. FTOM
ProceedlngsASTM, Vol. 57, p. 667681, (1957) 2690, Uanuary 30, 1962)
12 Sachs, G., "Survey of Low-Alloy Alrcrsft Steels McDoMell, "Heat Treatment of 4330 Modified and 4340
Heat Treated to High Strength Levels", WADC TR Steels to High Tensile Strength Ranges", Rep. 9077,
53254, Pt. 2, (August 1954) Ser. 1, (October 10, 1962)
13 Sachs, G., "Survey or LowAIIoy Aircraft Sleet& Ceneral Dynamics, ''Methods of PrcdtctlfiH .lndtor
Heat Treated to High Strength Levels", WADC TR Improving Materials Fatigue LUe", Rep. No. FGT
53254, Pt. 4, (December 1953) 2096, (October 24, 1962)
14 Sachs, G. and Klier, E. P., "Survey or LowAIIoy 42 Matas, S. T. and Muuger, H. P., "Notch Sensitivity ol
Aircraft Sleets Heat Treated to High Strength Levels", Candidate Materials for the B58 Lsnd Gear Program",
WADC TR 53254, Pt. 5, (September 19S4) Republic Steel Co., Phase Rep. No. I, Proj. 12078,
15 Muvdl, B. B., Sachs, G. and Klier, E. P., "Design (May 1, 1962)
Properties of High Strength Steels In the Presence of 43 Weiss, v., Sessler, J. and Grewal, K., "The Effect
Stress Concentrations", WAOC TR 56395, Pt. I, of Stress Gradient arxl Stress Biaxlality on the Behavior
(December 1956) of Materials", ASD TR 61725, (November i961)
16 Kllnger, R. P., "Effect of Strain Rate on rhe Tensile 44 Mittenbergs, A.A. and Beall, L.O., Jr., "Effects of
Properties or SAE 4340 Steel", WADC TR 53507, Pin-Interference and Bolt Torque on Fatigue Strength
(February 1955) of Lug joints", ASTM Reprint No. 67, (1963)
17 Ragland. F.j.,. Jr., and Barret, G. N., Jr., "Evaluation 45 "Strain Aging and Delayed Failure In High-Strength
of Forging of 4340 Modified, 4340, and 98840 Steels Steels," ASD TDR62968, (November 1962)
at High-Strength Levels", WADC TR 5489, (March 46 Elizondo, Y.j., Turner, C. T. and Vorhes, W. B.,.
1954) "Steel Aircraft Castiugs", ASDTR617630,
18 Trapp, W.J,, "Elevated Temperature Fatigue Properties (August 1961)
of SAE 4340 Sleel", WADC TR 52325, Pt. 1, (Dee 47 Hanna, G. L. and Steigerwald, E. A., "Fracture
ember 1952) Characteristics of Structural Metals", Final Summary
19 Klier, B. P., MuvdJ, B. B.,. and Sachs, G., "Design Rep. ER5426 Bureau o! Naval Weapons RRM/1223,
Properties of High-Strength Steels In the Presence of Oune 30, 1963)
Stress-Concentrations and Hydrogen Embrhtlement", 48 Vagi, J.J., Lepkowski, W.J., Miuhler, H. W. and
WADC TR 5518, Pt. I, (November 1954) Pattee, H. E., "'Review of Recent Developments In
20 NACA TN 3315, (1954) Metals Joining", DMIC Memo 125, (September :, 1961)
21 SUR! Collected Data 49 "Design Properties as llrfected by Cryogenic Temp
22 Lodge, J. W. and Manning, G. K., "The Mechanical eratures", DMIC Memo 81, Oanuary 24, 1961)
Properties or ~enched and Tempered Medium Carbon 50 Manning, G.K .. "How Should You Evaluate High
Alloy Steels", American Iron and Steel Institute, Strength Materials", .M!!!Is Prosress, Vol. 80, No. 3,
(March 1956) (September 1961)
23 NACA Tech. Note 2957, p. 8, (1953) 51 Marschall, C. W "'The F:~~lors L"'lfh~nctng the Frac:lur.e
24 Amessen, J. E.,. .. Personal Communication'",. Piatt Characteristics or HighSirength Steel", DMIC ':eport
& Whitney Aircraft, (May 7, 1959) 147, (February 6, 1961)
25 S..chs, G., Sessler, J, and Yeh, T., Syracuse Unli<J1958) 52 United Slate Steel, "Atlas of Isothermal Transformation
26 AF 5929, p. 31, (1949) Diagrams", (1951)
27 Clenn L. Martin Co., "Elevated Temperature Tensile 53 DiCesare. R. "Mechanical Properties ol Cold~Orawn
Properties ot SA E 4340 Steel Heat Treated to 260, 000- Martensitlc SAE 4340 Steel Rod", To be Presented
280,000 psl U!Umate Tensile Strength", ER 91454, ASTM Meeting, Atlantic City, N.J., Uune 23 28, 1964)
(May 3, 1957) 54 Oxborrow, S. B., "Evaluation of Materials Filler Metals
28 Alloy Digest, "AISI-4340, Filing Code: SA-14, for Low Alloy Steels", Report No. FTDM2776, General
(February 1954) Dynamics, Uanuary 30, 1962)
29 Espey,jones .and Brown, Proc.ASTM,(J959) 55 Morrison, J, D., "An Investigation or Methods for
30 Sachs, G.,. Welfls,. V. and Klier, E. P., ''Effects of a Determining the Crack Propagation Resitance or High
Number of Heat and Testing Variables on the Notch Strength Alloys", Southern Research Institute, Bimonthly
Strength of 4340 Steel", Ptoc,ASTM, Vol. 56, p. 599, (1956) Progress Report No. 5, (August 1960)
31 Ml!lcon, M.A.,. "Ultra High Strength Steel for Aircraft
Structures", Loclcheed Aircraft Corp., p. 7, (Oct
ober 1953)
32 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., "Design Data for High
Streugtb Steel", Bulletin No. 501, Oune 1954)
CODE 1206
PAGE 23
r.:un
I
~{
,':
..........
:xf ;
REVIS EDMA RCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
tt,, \oi(')Jir
1. GENERAL
This alloy Is a high carbon, high chromium alloy bearing
steel !or anti-frict ion bearings and parts requiring high
1.055 Martemp er. Heat to 1550 F, quench In salt hath at 500 F,
hold at 500 F about 5 min per In cross sectloo, cool In air,
temper at 350 F to obtain 60 to 63 RC, (2). I
Fe
c
heat treated hardness of approxlm ately Ro::kwell C 60,
;;-.
combined with excellent wear resistanc e, medium tough-
1.06 HordennbUUx_ 1.45 Cr
End quench hardennb lllty, Fig. 1. 061.
f~-
1.061
ness and high fatigue strength. It can be !urnished as air 1.0611 End quench hardenab illty as a !unctioo of quenching tern-
Is
' or vacuum melted forgings, bars and tubing. The alloy perature and Initial condition , Fig. 1.0611.
best machined In the spheroldl zed ann~led coodJtion. It 1.062 Effect of temperin g temperat ure on hardness after oU 52100
has low resistanc e to softening at hlgb temperat ures and
quench, Fig. 1. 062.
~
ff.
shows much greater dlmenslo oal changes than carbon steels 1.063 Effect of mass and temperin g temperat ure oo surface hard-
of correspo nding carboil content under all condition s of
J~
ness, Fig. 1.063.
heat treatmen t. Generally , propertie s vary with the spe- 1.064 Effect of temperin g temperat ure and exposure time on
cl!lc melting practice, composit ion, heat treatmen t, forg- room temperat ure hardness , Fig. 1.064.
!: Ing reduction s, section size and form, (1, p.1). Effect of test temperat ure on hot hardness , Fig. 1. 065.
1.055
tr.
1.01 Commer cial Designati on. 52100. Forms and Condition s Available
;0 1.07
f.'. 1.071 Alloy I& iiV.iiiiiiil eliiitot and cold rolled bars, forgings or
;,;. 1.02 Alternate Designat ions. SAE 52100, Al51 E 52100, AlSl forging stock, and cold finished heavy walled tubing. Bars
52100.
:~: and tubing are normally supplied In a machinab le condition
f;'. 1.03 ~l!lcatlons. Table 1.03. with micro-st ructure of spheroldl zed cementit e In a ferrite
of
matrix with hot rolled bars having a maximum hardness
~.\',, TABLE 1 03 Brln'lll 207.; cold rolled hars,a maximum of Brlnel1 248;hot
b Form Military Federal ASTM finished tublng,a maximum of Roclcwell B 95;and cold fin-
t:,
AM5
6440 D Bar, forgings MIL-S-7420 QQ-S-611
-
-
- Ished tubing, a maximum of Rockwell C 24, (3)
~:-.
t: . 6441 B Tubing, mechanic al -
~; - Billets for rolling, forging
ball and roller bearings
- -
A-295-61 1.08
1.081
Melting and Casting Practice
Electric furnace air melt, Induction vacuum melt, consum-
able electrode vacuum melt.
1.031 Oecnrbur lzatlon speclflca tlon8 for coils, bars and tubes,
~
Table 1.031. Special Consider ations
f. ..
i, AM5 6440 D and 6441 B specify that protectio n by suitable
TABLE I 031
i.
ASTM (10, p, 1159) means, including controlle d atmosphe res, should be used to
Source
Fe-(1C)- 1.45Cr minimize scaling and prevent either carburlza tlon or de-
All~ carburlza tlon during heat treatmen t, (3).
Form
Colis, Bars ~s Colis, Bars Tubes 1.092 The fatigue Impact and notch-ten sUe strength of this alloy,
.... bars
bars at hardness between Roclcwell C 50 and C 65,are Improved
Ann CF nal
Condition HRAnn HR by Induction vacuum melting as compared with conventio
~~ Size -In Depth of dccarbur lzatlon , In - maximum air melt,wbl le no effect Is observed In static tensile
-
---
".'~'' ~ 0. 250 0.005 -- - 0.003 - strength, (5, p, 652).
> 0.250 to ~0. 500 0.006 - 0.004 - - !.093 Retained austenite above approxlm ately 4 percent causes
> 0.500 to ~0. 750 0.008 -- -- 0.006 - - Increased rolling friction and local yielding at lower coR-
> 0. 750 to ~1.000 0.010 -
0.008
-
- - tact stresses than those for material containin g no re-
~ 1.000 -0.012 0.015 0.012
-
0.012 0.010 tained austenlle , (9, p.1).
> 1.000 to ~2.000 -.0.017 0.022 0.020 0.015 0.014
> 2. 000 to ~3. 000 0.025 0.030 0.030 --
0.025 0.019
- 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
> 3. 000 to ~4. 000 -0.035 0.045 0.035 0.024
> 4. 000 tosS. 000 - 0.055 0.065 0.040 - - 0.028
2.01 Thermal Propertie s
2.011 Melting range.
For balls and rollers
2.012 Phase changes. Critical temperat ures:
A = 1400 F, A = 1300 F,
1.04 Composi tion. Table 1. 04. 1 Ar 1 = 1310 F
Ac = 1440 F r3
TABLE 1 01 c2 '
AM5 (3,p.1} ASTM IO,p.IIS8) Crucible (l,p.l Ac3 =1385 F, See Fig. 2.0121.
Source Fig. 2.0121.
Percent 2.0121 Time temperat ure transform ation diagram,
Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Nominal 2.(J13 Thermal conductiv ity
1.10 1.00 2.014 Thermal expansio n, Table 2. 014.
Carbon 0.95 1.10 0.95
1.30 1.60 1.30 1.60 1,50 TABLE 2 014
Chromiu m
Copper - - -
0.25 - lS!Iurce lJ o.l\
Harden
0.25 0.45 0.25 0.45 0.35 Condition Ann
Mangane se
Molybdenum - - --
0.08 -- Temp- F 10-o In per In per F
- -
Nickel
Silicon
Sulfur
0.20
--
0.35
0.025
0.20
0.35
0.35
-
0.025
0.25
0.025
- 148 to 32
32 to 212
5.61
6.62 I 5,88
7.00
Yolosphorus 0.025 -
0.025 0.025
Balance 2.02 ~_c:.~slcal Propertie s
Iron Balance Balance 2.021 Density. 0.281b per cu ln. 7. 74 gr per cu cm,(l).
2.022 Electrica l resistivit y
1.05 Heat Treatme nt Magnetic propertie s. Steel Is ferromag netic.
2.023
1.051 Normaliz e. 1650 to 1700 F, air cool, (2).
to
1.052 Anneal. Heat to 1250 to 1340 F, hold 5 hr. Heat to 1430
2.03 Chemlca~les
1460 Fat 10 F per hr, hold 8 hr. Cool to 1320 Fat 10 F Corrosion resistanc e
2.031
per hr. Cool to 1250 Fat furnace rate and air cool, (4). Oxidation resistanc e
2.032
1.053 Spherold ize. Slow cool (about 5 F per hr) following austen-
ltlzlng by extended heating at a t<llllperature near the Acm Nuclear Propertie s
2.04
point or by Isotherm al transformatio~ at 1275 F following
austenltlz lng, (1). MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
In 3.
1.054 Harden. Quench in water from 1425 to 1475 F or quench
,
oil from 1500 to 1600 F, then temper to desired hardness ~tried Mechanic al Propertie s
~.~ (1). (See 1. 061).
.it)
CODE 1207
FeUH
FERRO US ALLOYS REVISE DMARC H 1963
~ ' , __
Form 1 In bar 7/161n bar 1 In round
Spheroldlze d Ann SpheroldlzedAnnCJ: (2)
Condition turned and 1/32 In 1/16 In
52100 Ann Norm
polished CD draft draft
Ftu - ksl 94.4 107.0 104.8 124 100 185
~~
F - ksl 62.0 87.5 91.2 106 81
e ~ ln)-percent
139
27.0 17.0 25.0 16 25 13 (4) '7.;
RA percent 62.5 54.9 57.0 50 57 20
Hardness
BHN 179 229 229 262 192 353
3.022 Room temperatur e compressio n propenles, Fig. 3. 022. 0
3.023 Room temperatur e tenslcn properties, Fig. 3. 023. 8 16 24 32 40
J.024 Effect Of hardriess on room temperatur e torsion Impact DlSTANCB FROM QUENCHED BND OF SPBClMBN
properties, Fig. 3. 024. SIXTBBNTHS INCH
3.025 Effect of tempering temperatur e on room temperatur e ten- FIG. 1.061 END QUENCH HARDENABILlTY
slle propentes, Fig. 3. 025. See also Figs. 1. 062, 3. 022
and 3.023. (2) (4)
3. 06 Elastic Properties
4. FABRICATION
4. 02 Machining
Spheroidize annealed cold drawn bars have a machinabil ity 70
rating of 37 percent of AlSI B 1112 steel and cuts at a speed
of 63 sfpm. Hot rolled, annealed bars have a machinabil ity
rating of 45 percent of AlSI B 1112 steel. The character of
its chip Is continuous and stringy, (2). Ill 60
~
4.03 Wei~
g
t)
3.0
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED Ef\:D- IN
FIG. 1.0611 END QUENCH HARDENABIUTY AS A FUCTI0::-1 OF QUENCH-
ING TEMPERATURE AND INtTIAL CONt1mON (S)
L_,/'\"7
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
70 F (lC)-1. Cr
Fe-(lC)-1.45Cr
Ill 5/8 OR 3/4 SQ IN BAR
Fe
1550 F, 1 HR. OQ c
~60 ~ ~
u
70
- - BL~TRIC FURNACE
- -- INDUCTION VACllt&{
-
1.45 Cr
~
~ ...... I~ 60~~=-~~--+-~~~----~----~ 52100
0
I
~
e REF (3) 3 IN CUBE 1550 F, 0Q
~ I~ t---t-~o:f;:::~~~~---1
r
a:30
~ a:
TEMPERING TBMPBRATURE - F
PIG. 1. 064 BFFBCT OF TBMPBRING TEMPERATURE AND
20 BXPOSURB TlMB ON ROOM TBMPBRATURB
0 200 600 800 1000 1200 1400
HARDNESS
TBMPBRING TBMPBRATIJRB - F (7, tbl. UI)
FIG. 1. 062 BFPBCT OF TBMPBRING TBMPERATIJRB ON HARDNBSS AF"l"BR
OILQUBNCH
(1, p. 3) (2)
Ill
~?or---~----~--~~~~~~
tj Fe-(1C)-1. 45Cr
o:n 5/8 OR 3/4 SQ IN BAR
U 1550 F, 1 HR, OQ
+400 F 2 HR
160
~ 50~-+---~--~~-+-~
~
~
~ --ELECTRIC FURNACE
40 L_-----~INDU~~CTI~O~N~Y~A~C~UUM~~---~--~~
~
-
0 200 400 600 1000
~)
Fe(1C)-1. 45Cr TBMP- F
.a. "'
1 IN _I
FIG. l. 065 EFFECT OF TF.sT TEMPBRATIJRE ON HOT
HARDNESS (7, Fig. 40 41)
, li/2 1N .1525 F, WQ
2 IN
0
1:.
D
'" ~)
1 IN
li/ 2 IN 1550 F, 0Q
v 2 lN I600~--------r---------r-------~~e~-~(1~C)~--.l.~4~5Cr~
I
A"
70
. --
ASQUB~CHED
o-
- ~~
...,
,__
o- 1--
-- >---
9-
--- 1--- __ _, ---
J
200
A ,; AUSTBNJTI! C CARBIDE
RT 100 200 300 500 P PBRRITB M MARTBNSITB
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
TIMB- SBC
PIG. 1.063 BPFBCT OP MASS AND TBMPBRING TBMPBRA-
TURE ON SURFACE HARDNESS PIG. 2.0121 T1MB TBMPBRATIJRE TRANSPORMA"UON DL\GRAM
(1, p.3) (6)
CODE 12071
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
\
AUST 1525 F! 0Q
+320 F, 30 MIN
1.45 Cr +TEMPER TO INDICATED R
52100
160
"~ FTU
r--.....
.........
~ 400
~~--~--~ ~--~--~----~
~
FTY"
e INDUCTION VACUUM
o ELECTRIC FURNACE, AVG OF SEVERAL
~
120
HEATS
~
e
- ~ -_.
0
800 900 1000 1100 1~
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - P
FIG. 3.025 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSILE PRO-
PBRTIBS
(4)
.cooPc-(1C)-1. 45Cr
1535 F, OQ
+320 F, 30 MIN
~LB---~52------~L---~--~6~4---~68 +TB~R TO INDI-
300 CATB RC
ROCKWBLLHARDNE SS-CSCALB
FIG. 3.023 ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSION PROPERTIES
(5, p.643)
200
500
~
400
200L--L----L-----,..t=:..:..:.:=..;~=~
48 52 56 64
ROCKWELL HARDNESS - C SCALE
ROCKWELL HARDNESS - C SCALE
FIG, 3, 024 EFFECT OF HARDNESS ON ROOM TEM- FIG. 3.0311 COMPARISON OF ROOM TEMPERATURE AND 350 P
PBRAnJRB TORSION IMPACT PROPBRTIBS TENSION AND COMPRESSION PROPBRTIBS
(2) (5, p. 650)
CODE 12071
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
16 0 Fe-(IC)-1. 45Cr
0.500 INDIA BAR
1535 F, OQ
+320;F, 30 MIN
140 +TEMPER TO INDICATED RC REFERENCE S
I CODE 12071
rc:un
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
1.054
(8).
Temper. Not lower than 900 F for 30 min, (5). Not lower
e (2 ln)percent
strlD
- - 7 10
than BOO F, (8). Not lower than ll50 F for at least I hr, (9).
3. 02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
3. 021 Relationship of hardness and room temperature tensUe
1.06 HardenabUity strength of 100 percent martensite quenched bar and sheet,
1.061 AlSISAE end quench hardenablllty, Fig. 1.061. Fig. 3.021.
1.062 Effect of time at 1000 F on room temperature hardness for 3. 022 Tension properties
various heat treatments, Fig. 1. 062. 3.0221 Typical tension properties of bar and tube, Table 3.0221.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Avallable
1.071 The alloy Is avaUable In the full commercial range of sizes
for bar, rod, plate, sheet, strip, tubing, forging and cast-
Ing. .
1.072 Products are avallable In- hot rolled or forged, normalized,
annealed and tempered conditions to a variety of desired
strengths. nus steel Is also used for sand and Investment
castings.
TABLE 3.0221
SOlll"Ce
.AilJrL Fe-(0. 3C -0. 55NI-D. SCrO. 25Mo
Fm"m Bar Tuhlng
CD Nolmalized Q 1550 F and temper
Condition
Thickness - In
Unannealed
I round
1
Ann As received 1650 F 1700 F 1100 F
1 QD X 1/16 Wall
I
900 F I 700 F
Ftu' typ - ksi 119 95 11.4 114.1 118.5 133.2 163.4 196.4
F , typ - ksi Ill 86 82.6 61.5 63.4 126.4 160.2 184.2
e ~2 In) typ percent 13 16 23.8 22. 2 21.5 17.0 16.5 8. 7
RA, typ - perc.,nt
Hardness surface
48 52 - - - - - -
BHN 241 197 245 262 262 286 360 ru
Converted from Vicker s hardness
'
'
CODE
PAGE
FERROUS ALLOYS REVIEJEI>t MARCH 1963
3.0312
Stress strain curves from room temperatu re to 1200 F for
sheet at 125 ksl room temperatu re FlU' Fig. 3. 0311.
Stress Strain curves from room temperatu re to 1200 F for
sheet at 160 ksl room temperatu re Ptu Pig. 3. 0312.
!~40
3.0313 Effects of exposure and test temperatu re on tensile proper .J
~~~~~~~~==~
lies of sheet, Fig. 3. 0313.
3.0314 Effect of low temperatu re on tensile properties for two
heat treatment s, Fig. 3. 0314.
3.032
3.0321
Short time properties other than tension
Stress Strain curves In compress ion at room and elevated
=
temperatu res for sheet atl20 ksl room temperatu re F tu'
Fig. 3. 0321.
3.0322 Stress stralf curves In compresa lon at room and elevated DISTANCE FROM QUHNCHBD END
temperum~es for sheet at !60 ksl room temperatu
re F , SIXI'BEN n! IN
FIE;. 3. (13:\?.. tu
3.0323 FIG. 1.061 AISJSAE END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
Effects of ow and elevated temperatu res on lmp<~ct strength
for "arlous h<!at tr<".ttments, Fig. 3. 0323.
J.0324 Effects of expDsure and test temperatu xe on compress ive (10)
yield stt eng'_h t>! sheet, Fig. 3. Q324,
3.ons Effects <:>f exposure and test temperatu re on hearing proper
lies of sheet, Fig. J. 0325.
3.0326 Effects of expc-.sure and t"s\ temperatu re on shear pr,per
lies of r.heet, rig. J.03:>.6.
I
temperatu res, Pig. 3. 061.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity In tension at l"oom and elevated tem-
peratures, Fig. 3. 062. 41
3.063 Tangent modulus curves Ill compresil loo at room and elc
vated temperatu res for she'll at 120 ksl room temperatu re ~
.J
35
Ftu Pig. 3. 063. .J
3.064 Tangent modulus curves In O:Clnprc.sslan at room and eJc, Ill
vated temperatu res for shee at 160 ksl room temperatu re
Pru Fig. 3.064. 8"'
cz; I 1000
4. FABRICATION TIME HR
FIG. I. 062 BFFECT OP TIME AT 1000 F ON ROOM TBMPBR-
4.01 Fonnlng a1td Casting ATmE HARDNBSS POR VARIOUS HBAT TRRAT
4.011 Forging. Hot forge between 2000 tQ 2200 P, (I). MENTS
(11, p.9) If r
~f.,
CODE 1208
PAGE 2
FeUH
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
:11'
0
~--r---r---.---- ....
----.280
Fe:-(0. 3C)O. 55Ni -o. 5Cr-o. 25Mo Fe
280 FeiO. 3C)O. 55Ni0. 5CrO. 25Mo
1550 F, OQ
NORM 1roo F 0.3 c
~.4;.2o;.d---+---!-- + 1550 F, WQ 0.55 Ni
+1575F, OQ
0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo
~ 8630
~~~~~~~~--r---11ro~
...
~ 1ro~---+--~~~~~~~~~1~
;
80
~~~6-----~~----~32~---~~----~4~8----~~ ~ 0,530 lN
1
o'~~~:J
400 roo aoo 1000 1~ 1400
TBMPBRlNG TBMP - P
FIG. 3. 0224 EFFBCT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TBMPBRATURB TBNSlLB PROPERTIES
OP BAR AND SHBBT
(1) (12, p.14, 51)
~
2~
200
- ~e-(0. 3C)-o. 55Ni -o. ser-o. 25Mo
0.505 IN BAR'
1575 P, 0Q
i21ro
~ FCY
0. 004 0.008
STRAIN IN PER lN
0. 012
I~
roo 800
T~RlNG
""
1000
TBMP - F
1200
...
1400
CODE 12081
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963
Fe Fe-(0.3C)0 .55Ni0.5C rO. 7SMo .360 .------l'e(O. 3C)-D. 5SNIO. 5Cr-D. 25Mo
160 f--e.'" 'f---+- --+0, 505 IN O!A 'BAR
0.3 c iORM 1650 F
~ .......
1575 F, ()Q +1600 F, WQ
0.55 Ni 320
+TEMPER 1 HR
0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo
120
~!OTCH ST!ENGTH
i2 280
""
8630
24o
40L---~-----L----~----J_.___j
400
FIG. 3.024
600 800 I 000 1200 1400
TEMPERING TEMP - F
EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
200
1d '
~607' K = 8. 8
320
ROOM TEMPERATURE TORSION PROPERTIES
OF BAR
(12, p.37) 12 T-tp
':' - . t" /..,
1
/
tzl
0.
280
4
.........
~
u;
)<:
240 NOTCH' DUCTILI
0
400 600 ~00 1000 1200
200 TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.027 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATJ,JRE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE NOTCH TENSILE
160 STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY
400 600 1400
(14, Flg.27)
FIG. 3,025 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMI'ERATURE '8HARING PROPERTIES
OF SHEET
(12, p.60)
1W~----r-----~----T---~
Fe(O. 3C)O. 5SN10. 5Cr-O. 25Mo
Fe-10. 3C)-O. SSNl-0. SCr-0. 25Mo 0. 064 IN SHEET
STANDAR D0.394 IN SQ RT
1550 F, OQ
100
400F
80
(
/ ~r----f~~7~~~~800~~F
600F
"'~
..J
60
I
)l
I
J
0
400
- .,/
ooXJ 800
JZOD V
TEMPERING TEMP F
FIG. 3.0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FROM ROOM
FIG. 3.026 EFFI!CT OF TftMPERING TEMPERATURE ON TEMPERATURE TO 1200 F FOR SHEET
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT STRENC"Ili AT 125 KSI ROOM TEMPERATURE FTU
(1. p. 2)
(15, p.148153)
COOE
I \iiiJ'-!' I I
8630
STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0312 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FROM ROOM
TEMPERATURE TO 1200 F FOR ~HEET
AT 160 KSI ROOM TEMPERATURE FTU
(15, p.l65-!70)
12Q
RT FTU 120 KSI
80
l2
40
EXPOSURE
e 1/2 HR
o 10 HR
40 .t. 100 HR ---t--~H----t
01
0L----.f00~----~800~--~1~200~--~~~~
TEMP F
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROP
ERTIES OF SHEET (IS, p. 40, 46)
CODE 1208
PAGE' 5
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
~----~-----r----~----~~-, 180
~ . Fe Fe-(0. 3C)-Q. SSNlO. SCrO. 25Mo Fe-(0. 3C)-Q. SSNl-o. SCr-o. 25Mo
0. 064 IN SHEET
0.3 c
0.55 Ni
0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo
8630
oL---~----~----._----L---~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP F
FIG. 3. 0314 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TEN
SILE PRQPBRTIBS FOR TWO HBAT TREAT RT F 160 ICSI
MBNTS (1) ru
CODE 1_208
P#.GE 6
I ...,...,.. "
0.55 Ni
100
0.5 Cr
p~ 0.25 Mo
~. 80
\
8630
200
~
160
\ 40
'-
120
~ 20
~
PCY
80 0
40
RT PTU a 160 KSJ
EXPOSURiR
\ 200
Pe-(0. ~9_-o. 55NI-Dj SCr-D. 25 ~o
0. 064 II SHBBT
200
1/2HR RT Pn!= 120 KSI
0
010 HR
4100 HI\
400 800 1200 1600 160
'- A
""&.
e/0=1.5 RT Pro 120 KSi
1
0
TEMP- P \ I' )_ A
e/01.~
'\.. -
PIG. 3. 0324 EPFECTSOP EXPOSURE AND TI!ST
TBMPBRATURE ON COMPRESSIVE 120 ~ ~ 120
\ ~
YIBLD STRENGTH OP SHEET
40 1-.
' ) \ PBRY
240 ,..
\ RT Pro 160KSI
~ RT Pro 160 KSJ
PBRU \ ~ PBRY
160 160
120
~ \ 120
80
\\ ~ 80
~
40 "BXPOSURB
e 1/2 HR
~ 40
0 10 HR
A 100lfR
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- P
PIG. 3.0325 EPFBCTSOF EXPOSURE ANDTI!STTBMPBRATURB ONBBARING PROPBR
TIBSOFSHBBT
.. ,, (15, p. 40, 46)
CODE 1208
PAGE 7
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV IS EDt MARCH 1963
8630
OL---~-----L----~--~
0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP F
FIG. 3. 0326 EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEI'.iPERATURE ON SHEAR PROPER-
TIES OF SHEET (1S, p. 40, 46 )
10
8
6 1200 F
lil
;.:
ANN
40
10~----~------~~--~~~~~t------;
8
-~-----+------~----~~----~~--~~
0.1 10 100 1000 1
TIME HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP CURVES FOR SHEET AT 1000 AND 1200 F
(11, p. 29)
G~_12oe_l
I VVI I
8630
20~--~--~~-+-4-~
~
32
.- r---.; ~
-;;;::::; t--....
""24
~
He
e RT FTU= I20 KSI
36
Fe-(0. 3)0. 55NI-O. SCr-0. 25Mo
0. 064 IN SHEET
~ -- ">L
B ......
~
~ 20
12
0
e RT FTU = 120 KSI
0 RT FTU = 160 KSI
i
200 .00
I
600
TEMP F
800
CODE 1208
PAGE 9
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE~ MARCHI963
RBPBRBNCBS
Fe
1
0.3 c 2
Alloy Digest, "AIS18630", Filing Code SA-49, (Oct.19
Favor, R. J., .AclJbach. W. P. _ADd Hyler, W. S.,
56)
..... ,
,fi':.,.
CODE 1208
,,..
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
l'hosphorus
Sclfur
-- 0.040
0.040
-
-
0.025
0.025
-
- -
- 3. 02
3. 02i
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
Typical properties or bar stock, Table 3. 021.
Iron Balance Balance Balance
source
-
TAB' E 3 021
(I)
Fe(U.lCI;s.~ Nil.~Cl-Q.1Mo
1.05 Heat Treatment Allov
Form Bar"
1.051 Anneal. 1475 to 1575 .'i', ft'JIIIce cool, (I).
1,052 Normalize, 1600 to 1700 F, air cool, (1), AMS 6260 B Condition As rolled Ann I Norm
1 4 4 1 4
specifies 1690 to 1710 1, (4). Dia - In
F , typksl 131 117.5 100 131.5 125.25
1.053 Austenltlze, 1450 to 1550 1', c)il quencb,(l)(5) .AMS 6260 81.75
Ftu typksi 88 84 80 82.75
B specifies 14!1<1 to 15~0 F, (4), ty'
1,054 Temper. 275 to 450 F for case hardened parts, (1), e( 2ln)-percent 19 18.8 25 18.8 19.5
1.055 Spberoidize. Temper, 1175 F maximum, 8 to 10 hr or RA -percent 61.5 59.2 60 58.1 61.7
austenltlzc at 1400 F and tranSform lsotbermally at 1100 Hardness, 255
BHN 269 241 200 269
F, 12 hr, (1),
1,056 Typlcal case hardening procedures Tests were taken from center of 1 In rounds and from 1/2 radius ol
1,0561 Direct quench from pot. carburlze at 1700 F, 8 hr, cir- 4 In ruunds
culating oll cpu>ncb and temper, (1),
1.0562 f.lnl!le quench and temper. carburlze at 1700 F, 8 hr, 3. 022 Effect or carbon content on tensile properties or bar,
pot cool, austenltlze, circulating oil quench and temper, Fig. 3.022.
(1), 3. 023 Effect or bar diameter and tempering temperature on room
1,(1563 D:mble quench and temper, Carburlze at 1700 F, 8 hr, temperature impact strength or bar, givton simulated car-
('lit cool, austenltlze, circulating oll quench, repeat burizlng cycle, Fig. 3. 23.
previous austenltlrlng treatment and temper. This treat-
ment yields higher grain refinement In botb case and core, 3, 03 Mechanical Propcntes at Various Temperature s
(1). 3,031 Short time tension properties
1,0564 For maximum core toughness temper at 450 P, see Fig, 3. 032 Short time properties other tban tension
3~022. 3, 033 Static stress concentratio n effects
CODE 1209
PAGE
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDM ARCH 1963
4, 03 Welding u
1.2 Cr 4. 031 Tile steel can be readily welded by oxyacetylene or me-
Ill
0.1 Mo tallic arc methods. Tile use of bare type electrodes re-
~32r---~--~-+-----+----~
sults in low strength and low ductility welds, (1),
4.032
~
Stress relief after welding. 1150 to 1200 F is recom-
E9310
4, 04
4, OS
4. 051
mended to increase impact properties, (1),
Surface Treating
General. This steel is especially suited for case harden-
.J
iiJ
8
"'
oo:
28
CENTER OF 1/2 IN
1 lN
1/2 RADIUS OF 2 IN BAR
4 IN
l
SPECIMEN TAKEN FROM:_-f-- --1
i~~~~~~~~
~~~~
.J
.J
~
8 20o~----~8-----+.1~--~
r---~k---~
oo: DlSTANCB FROM QUENCHED END SIXTEENTH IN
/ RCHARDNBSS
0.08
0.10 0.12 0.14 80
CARBONPERCENT e 300 F TEMPER
FIG. I. 063 EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT ON 0 450 F TEMPER
HARDNESS OF BAR 1
SPECIMEN T.-JCEN FRO'd:
(I)
CENTER OF 1/2 INI
1 IN
V2 RADIUS OF 2 1N BAR
0 4 IN
80
b RA
(].
e
tl-
.J SURFACE 0
iJ MIDWAY RC HARDNESS 0 1 2 3 4
:S: 24 - - CENTER BAR DIAMETER 1N
8
00:
0 2
DIAMETER IN
3 4 FIG. 1.066 EFFECT OF BAR DIAMETER ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSILE
FIG. 1.064 EFFHCT OF THICKNESS 0:-1 AS PROPERTIES OF BAR, GIVEN
QUE~~CHED HARDNESS OF BAR SIMULATED CARBURIZING CYCLE
(1, p.l4) (I)
CODE 12091
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
120
_...... ~ 1.2 Cr
FTY
0.1 Mo
80
E9310
~
RA
.. (2 tN)
0
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14
CARBON - PERC!lNT
FIG. 3. 022 EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT ON TEN-
SILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(1)
I
60 1--~-1- SPECIMEN TAKEN FROM:
CENTER OF 1/2 IN~
1 IN
1/2 RADIUS OF 2 IN BAR
IN
~0~----~1------~2----~3~~~4
BAR DIAMETER IN
FIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF BAR DIAMETER AND
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT
STRENGTII OF BAR, GIVEN SIM
lJLATED CARBURIZING CYCLE
(1)
REFERENCE S
Alloy Digest, "A lSI E 9310", Flllng Code: SA 43, Steel
Alloy, (May 1956)
2 Joseph T. Ryerson II< Son, Inc., "Ryerson Aircraft Steels",
Issue (1958)
3 Ludwlgson, D. C. and Morral, F. R., "A Summary ol
Comparative Properties ol Air-Melted and Vacuum-Mel ted
Steels and Superalloys" , DMIC Rep. 128, (March 28, 1960)
4 AMS 6260 E, Qune 1, 1951)
5 "Alloy Steel: Semi-finishe d Hot Rolled and Cnld Finished
Bars", Steel Products Manual, AISI Uuly 1955), Supplement
July 1958
CODE 12091
r-euM
REVISED MARCH 196:5 FERROUS ALLOYS
1. GENERAL 1.092 The high strength conditions of this steel become notch
This low alloy steel was orl(slnally develop.&! as a high sensitive when exposed to temperatures between 900 and Fe
streq1, high temperature bolting material for service up
to 1000 F, but It Is also finding application In all other
1300 F for certain times under load. Reheat treatment
restores !nltial properties.
0.3 c
wrought forms and In various conditions of heat treatment 1.3 Cr
for elevated temperature applications. It needs protection
against corrosion and, at temperatures above 800 F, 2. PHYSICAL .AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 0.5 Mo
against oxidation. The general properties of thla steel are
essentially the same as those of any other low alloy steel. 2.01 Thermal Properties
Meltl11g range. 2800 to 2900 F.
0.25 v
It Is readily fabricated by formf.Jig. machining and welding. 2.01l
2.012 Phase changes. Steel transforms on cooling from austenite
1.01 Commercial Designation. 17-22A(S). to ferrite and carbide. Critical temperatures: Ac 11440F,I7-22 A(S)
.Ac3 ~ 1600 F, Art a 1280 F, Ar3 1460 F.
1.02 Alternate Designations. "17-22 A'' S Steel. 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2. 013.
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014.
1,03 Specifications. Table 1. 03. 2.015 Specific heat.
' ,
CODE 1210
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
subjected to various heat treatments, Pig. 3. 0311. Pe-(0. 3C)-l. 3Cr.-O. 5Mo~O. 25
Fe 3.0312 Effect of exposure arxl test temperature on tensile proper- JIAK
ties of all quenched arxl tempered bar, Pig. 3. 0312. ~~~------~---- N:>RM
0.3 c 3.032 Short time properties other than tension. e -11200 P, 6 HR
3.0321 Impact strength of bar In various conditions of heat treat- 0 +13DOP, 6 HR
1.3' Cr ment, Pig. 3. 0321. ~
1;:401---l---~""'-1":1::----1----t---i
0.5 Mo 3.04 Creep and Creep RuptUre Properties
0.25 v 3.041 Short time tots! strain curves ~t 1000 to 1500 F for nor-
malized arxl tempered sheet, Fig. 3. 041.
3.042 Creep ruptUre curves at 600 to 1350 F for normalized and
tempered bar, Pig. 3. 042.
17-22 A(S) 3.043 Creep rupture curves at 800 to llOO F for various normal-
1600 1(>50 1700
Ized and tempered products, Fig. 3. 043.
3.044 Linear parameter maater curve for creep rupture of normal- N:>RMALIZING TBMP - P
Ized and tempered bar, Fig. 3.044.
3.045 Creep ruptUre curves at 600 to 1350 P for normalized arxl PIC. 1. 051 BPPBCT OP NOIU4ALIZlNG TBMPBR-
tempered notched bar, Fig. 3. 045. ATURB ON IMPACT STRBNGTH
(2, P 92)
3.046 Effects of teat temperature arxl rupture time on notch
strength ratio arxl on ductility of normalized and tempered
smooth bar, Fig. 3. 046.
3.047 Effects of normalizing arxl tempering temperatures on rup- e-(0. 3C)-1. 3Cr-0. SMo-0. 25V
ture strength of smooth and notched bar at 1000 F. Fig.
3.047.
3. Ol8 Creep ru;>ture curve In shear at 1100 F for normalized and tJ
tempered bar. Fig. 3. 048. ~50~~~~~~~~-4-----+----~
Creep rupture curve for two different heat treatments,
3.049 ~
~~~~~~~~~~
Pig. 3.049.
3.001 Creep rupture curves at 900 F for notched and unnotched
bar for two heat conditions, Fig. 3. 0491.
Fatigue Properties
:l
~
3.05
!tsr----+--~~-=~----4-----~--~
to that of o:her annealed, 0. 30 percent carbon low alloy
steels.
4.0!2 Forging. Sl!lrtlng temperature 2250 F maximum, finish- 11!
Ing recommended at 1900 F. The steel has a low resis-
tance to deformation and can be forged down to ~e:npera t:
tures as low as 1500 F. Slow cooling after forging Is
recommended as for. anv air hardening steel.
~ 16 ~o~---==---~~----600~-----~~-----l-OOOL-----12~00
4.013 Casting. This teet can also be produced In form o! TBMP- P
castings which possess properties similar to those or
the wrought products. FlO. 2.013 THBRMAL CONDUCTIVn Y (3, p. 6)
4.03 Welding
4.031 General. This sseel can be welded by all accepted
welding techniques.
4.032 Fusion welding must take Into accO'Jnt the air hardening
characteristics of steel. Preheating at 600 F and post-
heating or stress relieving after welding are recommended,
particularly !or heavy sections. Welding rod of the same
composition sho"ld be used.
COBP UNBAR
4.04 Heating and Heat Treating. S~ould be In neutral or slightly THBRMAL BXPANSION
reducing atmosphere to minimize de~arb:n'lzatlon arxl PROM RT TO TBMP INDICATBD
scaling.
CODE -1210
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~
1725 P,AC
D:l
1.3 Cr
.1850 P,15 MIN ...1
(6) < 3 0.5 Mo
400t-.:--t---t-~---+---l &l
!2 tJ 0.25 v
f2 ~z;
~~~-+--~--+-~~~~ c..: 32
17-22 A(S)
:3 ~
1 200~~0~--~600~--~~~0~--~1~000~--~1~20~0~--~1~400~~
...1
~
:.I
3
NORM
e
IMB, HR
1 TO 24
TBMPBRING TBMP(6 HR) - P H
..:
... 0.50
28 .25
PIG. 3. 021 BPPBCI' OP TBMPBRING TBMPBRAnJRBS ON 1 1700 1800 1900 2 2100
HARDNBSS OP TiiB NORMALIZED AND OIL
QUBNCHBD CONDITIONS NORMALIZING TEMP - P
(2, p. 96) (6, Pig. 9)
FIG. 3.023 EFFBCT OF' NORMALIZING AND TIME ON
HARDNE5S' AND GRAIN.SIZB OF SUBSBQUBNI'LY
TBMPERBD ALLOY (6, Fig. 8)
'
Pe-(0. 3C)1. 3Cr-O. SMo-G. 25V 1
.fiN BAR I 1650 P, 1 HR, OQ
06e.A.+800 P,4 HR
_m7i~+ll00 .8HR
220
- r~ l
-0
A
200
001/
'V4 HRHR} TOTAL '
6
20HR
.6.680 fiR
LURB .-!
ltFru
~i'
180 CYCLING_ PROM RT TO TBMi
SMINATT:!M P
-
200
--v
--4 2
180
--
'7-P-rv.
!,....---
.J
~
""" iii --
160
160
80 ' :.I
..
FTY
RA
e
..
...
!iUl
tJ
12
6 --
TBSTBD~T RT
" ... ..."'
Ul
4
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 TEMPERING TBMP P
TBMP- P
FIG. 3.024 EFPECI' OP TI!II.tPBRING TBM
FIG. 3.022 BFPBCTS OP BXPOSURB TBMPBRA1URB AND
PBRAWRBS ON ROOM TBMPBR-
TIMB OF HBAT CYCLING (5 MINUTE CYCLBS) ATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES
ON TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OF NORMALIZED ALLOY
(4) (6, Plg.9)
r r.nnr;:- l?ln
FERROUS ALLO YS REVISED MARCH 1963
Fe
Pe-(0. 30)-1. 3Cr-o. SMo-o.25V
0.3 c 200
41N BAR. --+-- 1
240 1650 p. 1 Hll, OQ
1.3 Cr -~o TBMPBR
0~5 Mo 160
0;25 v 200
17-22 A(S)
120
80
~.f()
e! 0 L-~1.2111U~~~~~~
PIG. 3. 0312 BPPBCT OP BXPOSURB AND TBST
TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSlLB PROPBR
TlBS OF OlL QUBNCHBD AND
TBMPBRBD BAR.
(4)
TBMP P
CODE 1210
PAGE 4
FeUH
REVISE D MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
200r-------r---~~~~~~~~~~
Fe(O. 3C)1. 3Cr-0. 5Mo-0. 25V Fe
1725. F,AC
0,3 c
~ ~-,1~000~F~~~== ~~~~~
TiiBRMAL ~~~~
EXPANSION
+ 1200 F, 6 HR
1.3 Cr
INCL
~ r-------r-------r-----~0~7~0%~--~ 0.5 Mo
0.25 v
~ 60
1200 p
17-;-22 A(S)
40 r-----~~~----r-----~~~--~
-. R
'Y
:~:~:E
FORGED DISKS
}( 5)
, 0 TUBI!IU ( 11)
20
o.I 10 100
8 r-----~~~~~~~~--~~ TIME HR
1500 p
6 ~~---f-----+~1.~0:!2~%-J FIG. 3.04J CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 800 TOllOO F
FOR VARIOUS NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED
PRODUCTS (5)(11)
4 o~.~OO~I~~~~----~0~.71------~------~10
TlMB HR
PIG. 3.041 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVES AT 1000
TO 1500 p FOR NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED
SHBET (9, p. 51, 52)
6
"'~ BAR
1725 F, I HR, AC
+ 1200 F, 6 HR
4
1\
10
2
T ~ TEST TEMP - F
\
\
6 t 2 RUPrURE TIME liR
4
RUPTURB RUPfURE
(5) I
2
(8)
20 40 60 80
\ 100
0.1 10 100 (T-700)/(8- LOG t)
1000 10,000
TIME HR
I'IG. 3.044 LINEAR P,ARAMETER MASTER CURVE FOR
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPfURE CURVES AT 600 F TO 1350 F FOR CREEP RUPT".JRE OF NORMALIZED AND
NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED DAR (5, p. 30)(8, p. 53) TEMPERED BAR (10)
COOl" 1?10
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963
40or-----r-----
Fe r - - - -.......------~~
Fe(0 .3CH . 3CrO . 5MoU 25V
0.3 c I IN BAR
1725 F, 30 MIN, AC
1.3 Cr + 1200 ~ 6 HR
0.5 Mo 20~r-~==~~=i~~~~::;~~==~~~~~~--1
0.25 v
!OOI-----1-----t-=::....
17- 22 A(S) ..,---+-..:~-&+...:LillLl
:.._-1
801----l--
60
e SMOOTH
0 NOTCHED, K c 10 RUFrU R
4
a 1600 !BOO 200() 800 1000 !200
NORM ALIZIN G 7EMP F T,~MPERII'K> TEMP F
fiG. 3. 047 EFFE CTS OF NORM
ALIZII'K> AND TEMPERING
7EMP ERAT URES ON RUFr URE
STRE !I(;!H OF
SMOOTH AND NcrTCHED BAR AT
1000 F
(5, p. 44, 45)
100~------~-
-----~~~~~~~
1000 ~~~~
TIME HR 80 1----1~"'-=-......::
!---
TENS ION
FIG. 3.045 CREEP RUFrU RE CURV
ES AT 600 TO 1350 F FOR NORM 60
AND TEMPER EO NOTCHED BAR ALIZE D ;;;
(5, p. 30) :.:
RUFrU RE
20
0.01 0.1 10
TIME HR
200~------~
------~-----
--~-----
Fe(O. 3C)!. 3Cr-Q .5Mo-~--
O. 25V
~
RA (DUC TILITY )
CODE 1210
PAGE 6
FeUH
REVISE D: MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
17-22 A(S)
1 10~
TIMB -HR
32
..__, Fe-(0. 3C)-l. 3Cr-O. 5Mo-O. 25V
~~ BAR
28
r---
B DYNAMIC
~~
........
20
~ REFERENCES
CODE 1210
PAGE 7
FeUH
REV!SEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
1. GENERAL
2.01 Thermal Properties
This construction steel alloy is very similar to 17-22 A(S),
differing io vanad.lwn and slightly io carbon content. It is
2.011 Melting range Fe
0.28 c
2.012 Critical temperatures:
a bigb strength, heat resistant steel similar to the 17-22 A
A =1435 F A =1230 F
steel series. The basic mechanical variation of this steel 1
t<>17-22 A(S) is the higher strength at service tempera- A~= 1700 F Arl = 1525 F
r3 1.25 Cr
tures above 1100 F. 'Ibis steel has the higbellt 1000 hr Heating rate, 400 F per br; cooling rate, SO F per hr to
rupture strength at 1100 F of aay of the commercial low 1000 F, (1, p. 2). 0.85 v
alloy steels, (30 ksi). It is used as turhioe rohrs, and for 2.013 Thermal conductivity
components io guided missiles In which high si :!n tempera- 2.014 Thermal CXplDSion, Fig. 2.1114.
0.65 Si
tures are encountered for short periods, ( 4, p. 38). 2.015 Specific heat 0.5 Mo
1.01 Commercial Designation. 17-22 A(V). 2.112 Other Physical Properties
2.1121 Density 17-22A(V)
1.02 Alternate Deisgnatioo. "17-22 A"V Steel. 2.1122 Blectrlcal resistivity
2.023 Magnetic properties. Steel Is ferromagnetic.
1.03 Specifications. Table l. 03.
2.113 Chemical Pr~'ties
"2.031 Corrosion resistance of this alloy is low and protection
TABLB 1.03
AMS I Form Military
against corrosion, such as hot dip alumiolzlng, nickel
plating or cermet C08tiogs may be required, (1, p. 3).
CODE 1211
FeUH
FERROU.S ALLOYS REVISE D MARCH 1963
4. FABRICATION
Fe 7 6
Fei0.28C )-I. 25Cr-D.85 V-D.65SI- D.5Mo
0.28 c 4.01
4.011
Ponnlng and Casting
Porglllg. Stanlng temperatu re 2300 P, maxlmwn . This
fl.
..:
1.25 Cr steel can be readily forged or hot worked at tempt'">'lltures re7.2~---+----+---~~~~----t----;
up to 2300 P and pierced lntn seamless tubing, (6). ~
0.85 v ..:
4.02 Machining re
0.65 Si 4.021 The machinabi lity rating In the aMealed condition Is about i!:i 6 . 8 1 - - - - - 4 - - + + - + - - - t - - - t - - - 1
57 percent of B 1112 screw machine stock. A sulfurized
0.5 Mo cutting fluid Is recommen ded, (6). "''s
4 03
17-22 A(V) 4.031 ~eldlng 6 4
'
General. This alloy can be welded by any of the commer- ' o~--~200~--~400~----~60~0~--~~--~~--~1200
cial methods In use. A welding rod correspon ding to 17-22 TBMP-P
A(S) Is available, (1, p. 7).
PIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION
4.032 When preheating Is required depending on the size of sec-
tion and type of welding procedure , a temperatu re of 600 P (1, p.21)
Is generally used, (1, p.6).
60
Pe-(0. 28C -1. 25cr-o. 85V-O. 6551-o. SMo
NORM
+TEMPER 1200 P, 6HR
40 240 Pe-(0.
28C )-I. 25Cr-o. 85V-O. 6!ist-o. SMo
'~
II
/ 200
I--
~
PTU
FTY
liN BAR
'
00 160
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900
NORMALIZING TEMP - F
PIG. 1.0511 EFFECT OF NORMALIZING TEMPERA-
~TU
TURE ON HARDNESS 120
p~
(1, p.20}
00
..l
' 20
t:
\ IE IZOD I
(AVG OF 3 TESTS)
0
80
1800 F,
.11.1750 P,
~+TEMPER
RA
6HR
16 \ RA ~
12
1700 1750
----
1800
0
800
e (2 IN)
1000 1200
--
';(i!N)
1400
1850 1900 1600
NORMALIZING TEMP - P TEMPERING 1E MP - F
FIG. 1.0512 FIG. 3.021 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA
EFFECT OF NORMALIZING TEMPERA- -
TURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH TURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(1, p.20)
(1, p.ll)
CODE 1211
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
0 120 80
a:.
i:
850 F, AC; 1750 F, 0Q
80 1- A 0
A
1000 F
1100 F - 80 40
[] 1200 F TEMPER
v 1300 F
0
0
I
4
0
8
1400"'
12 16
0
TEMPERING TlME - HR
FIG. 3.022 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
AND TlME ON HARDNESS OF BAR
(1, p.26)
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURR ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY
(1, p.l3)
'""'" r\.. t
\
16
""== 8
200 1400
1200 1250 1300 1350 0
-100 0 100
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA- FIG. 3.0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
TURE ON HARDNESS OF BAR ON IMPACT STRENGTH ( 1, p. 20)
(1, p.11)
;
.... ,.
)
CODE 1211
FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED r.tARCH 1963
-
360
Fe Fe-(0. 28C)1. 25Cr-d. 85V-D. 6$1.-Q.SMo
0.28 c - . r--.... NORM1 825F
+TI ,.u'BR 1200 F, 6 HR
1.25 Cr 331
v ~
""i\
0.85
o.s5.si a 280
0.5 Mo i
~
.
17-22 A{V)
i 240
' 1\
m200
160
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TI!Ml'- F
FIG, 3,0322 BFFBCT OF TBSI' TBMPBRA'IURE ON HARDNESS
(1, p.42)
I
l
80
Fe'(0~-1. 2SCJ;-Q, SSV-Q. 651 -o.SMo
60
~~
,._n . 0 ~~
1000F
"""
- - - 1250 F 6 HR 1100 F
-.-t~P
100
80
60
~-:::::~
NORM1 800F
-- -- "'""'
iTBMPBR 1200 F, 6 HR
NORM1850 F .._
1100 F
100
!........__
.......
+TBMPB
--122R5F } 80
--130 0 F 6HR
--140 0 F
100
80 60
~ 1100 F
, ~') ~
60
e SMOOil f K1.0
40 ~ 6~ K&JO
40
~ .........
~ORM
--~ ~:'-.
1100 F
1900 P
20 +TBMPB - -
R
--122 5
--130 0P
F} tJ.425 . .300
--HO OP
10 .
6HR
..u -{ < 0.001
10 20
100 1000 10,000 100,1100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
TIMB HR 11MB HR
FIG. 3.041 CRBBP RUFI'URB CURVFS AT 1000 TO 1100 F FIG. 3.042 CRBBP RUPI'URB CURVBS FOR SMOO'n
f AND NOTCHBD
FOR ALLOY SPBClMBNS
(1, p.l6)
(2, p.663)
CODE 1211
PAGF' .t1.
reun
REVISEDMARCHI963 FERROU~ ALLOYS
REPBRBNCBS
Fe
1 Tlmken Roller Bearing Co., Steel and TUbe Dlv., '"17-22-A'"
Type Steels for High Temperature Appllcatloos, Tecbn. 0.28 c
Bulletin 36 B. (1956)
2 Brown, W. P., Jr. Jones, M. H., Newman, D.P., "111- 1.25 Cr
fluence of Sbarp Notches on the Stress Rupture Character-
lstlcs of Heat Resisting Alloy, Pan D'", Prcic. ASTM (1953) 0.85 v
3 Coldren, A. P., Freeman, J. W. , All lnvestlgatloa of
Three Ferrltlc Steels for High-Temperature Appllcatloo'",
0.65 Si
WADC TR 57-40, (Aprll1957) 0.5 Mo
4 Nekervis, R. J., Luod, C. H. and Hall, A. M., ""Status of
High-Strength Steels for the Aircraft lndwn:ry'", TML Rep.
91, (Jan. 3, 1958) 17:-22 A(V)
5 AMS 6303, (March 1, 1955)
6 Alloy Digest, ""Timken 17-22 AV', Flliog Code SA-82,
Stce\ Alloy, (April 1959)
1
~~o------~1~00~----~1~ooo~----1~o~.ooo
TIME -HR
PIG. 3.00 CRBBP RUFI1JRB CURVES AT 1100 P
POR NORMALJZBD AND on. QUBNCHBD
BAR
(3, p.60)
60 Pe-(Or28C)-1.25Cr-Q. -o.65Sl0.5Mo
NORM 1800 P
401-----t----+- +TBMPBR 1200 P, 6 HR
0.40
CRBBP - PBRCBNI' PBR 1000 HR
PIG. 3.044 CRBBP RATE VERSUS STRESS
(1, p.31)
TEMP- p
PIG. 3.061 MODULUS OP ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND BLBVATBDTBMPBRA-
TIJRBS
(1, p. 21)
CODE 1211
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALJ..OYS
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
1.05 Heat Treatment 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
See also Table 4. 0312 and Section 1. 09. 3.011 AMS specUied mechanical properties, Table 3.011.
1.051 Anneal. 1500 to 1550F, cool at 50F per hour to 1000F,
(4, p 3). TABLE 3 011
1.052 Normalize. 1600 to 1~50F, (Ref 29). Source AMS 128112!11
1.053 Ausienltize. 1550 to J650F, 30 minutes to 2 hours. Alloy Fe-(0. 46C )-1. OCr-1. OMo..O. 55NI
Sections up to one Inch may be air cooled, (oil quench Form Bars forgings and tubing
sections over one inch). Alternate quench to minimize
Condition 1600 to 1650F, 1 Hr, OQ + 390 to 410F,
cracking and distorllon; 400F salt, 10 minutes, air
1 Hr, AC + 1000F, 4 Hr, AC
cool (Ref 22,25,28,29).
1.054 Temper. Snap temper 400F, 1 to 2 hours, air cool Ftu mln-ksi 224
immediately following austenitizlng, (Ref 22,28). Final Ftymin-ksi 195
temper, 400F to 1300F, 2 to 4 hours, air cool, e(2 In or 4D)
depending on strength level desired, (see 3.021). min - percent 7
'::..
,,, 1.055 Stress rellef, (see Table 4.0312). RA,
""-"'., 1.056 Austemper, 950F, 1 hour, (Ref 2.0). min, percent 30
1.057 Marstrain. Can be used to increase tensile strength Hardness,
following iemper, (see Figures 3. 0214 and 3. 02712). RC- min 47
r.nnF" 1?1~
FERROUS All..O't'S
REVISED MARCH 196 8
TABLE 3,021 61
Sourc e
Allov lw-
Form Fc-(0 .46C }-l. OCr-1. OMo-0 .55NI
r.nnd ltlnn
T RhnnP d ;;-,-";:!,;;',~ v-4-, ./Rv 7? In lr.VM
't'<Om nr>r
1r.snr. "n Min r.r. + rr. f." ""~ Q;;n; ; 1~
wllh "/R nnrl ~~~
dnnfo' colt IS Min Ar. +
650F '1'n~nnn lQ '+ Un\
Location Q
CODE 1213
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
TABLE 3.03721
1~ ..
Allov
-p 1?011?
TABLE 3.051
11
''""'-"
Allnv Fe-10.46Cl-1 ~- nMn-0. """''
Form 0.125 In sheet (CVMl
Condition 1650F, AC + 1550F, OQ + GOOF (2 + 2 HR) + 0. 38
percent strain + 400F, 2 Hr
Stress Fatigue Strength - ksl
Method
.
Stress Ratio
I n
Conccn
-tratlon
at Cycles
on2lon31 ,n4l ,nsl n6l n7
Direct
Stress 1 I 0 Smooth 2701260123011251120 1120
.
., ..,
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDM ARCH 1968
~'
170 100 65 50 45 40
Notched
Specimen
o5r-------------------------~----~ u
~
Fe-(0. 46C)-I. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
u
~
~ 60~~--~----r-----+---~+-----;
z
~ 0 PARENT METAL
~ 1800F, Q (4) 0 AVG WELD HARDNESS
55~----~----~----~----~----~
0 8 16 2.4 32. 40 30~v---~----~------~----~----~
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END-SIXTEE NTHS INCH AS 600 800 I 000 12.00
QUENCHED
FIG. 1.061 END QUENCH HARDENABI LITY TEMPERING TEMPERAT URE- F
(4)(2.7)
FIG. I. 064 HARDNESS SURVEY ON WELDED PLATE
(30)
I ~VII
\...
0.46
!.0
Fe
c
Cr
60
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
SHEET
AIR COOLED
10
fl'0-1 4001- I. OC-'. -A
0 5s
1.0 Mo
~I ~
a: "' 9
/
.X:
~
t.l
Q55. Ni Ul 1.4
..
Ul
~so 2S 8
06A
06AC
Q
a:
<
a:
t.l
~
/.
=45 TIME AT TEMP.
30MIN
z
;;'7
~
--
0. 068 IN SHEET
0.130 IN SHEET
40 ~----~----~----~----~ 6
1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 0 zoo 400 600 800 1000 uoo 1400
AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATtTRE- F TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. I. 065 EFFECT OF AUSTENITIZING FIG. 2. 014 MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION
TEMPERATURE ON HARDNESS.
(43)
I
1200 R c20
"'1100
0
- """"- ...._R
200
~
:::
!-<
~ 900
1000
I
0
ES
500
400
::0
I
"'-
I
- --
0 0
0 10 10 -"10.3 10.4 40
LOG TIME - SECONDS
eL
E-< 80 OT
zw Fe(C)-1 . OCr-1. OMo-0, 55Ni
20
u 320
0. 070 IN SHEET
!>: NORM 1650F 1/2HR
w
p. AUST 1550F 1/2 HR
0~---~----~---~~ + TEMPE R 2 !:iRS
0 400 BOO 1200
TEMPE RING TEMP- F ~ 2801--..L.l.<d----~--
1'<
FIG. 3. 02121 EFFECT OF TEMPER ING
TEMPE RATUR E ON TENSIL E
PROPER TIES OF SHEET.
(AFTER SURFACE REMOVAL)
(4, p. 6)
200
36 0
........
' ; Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
0. 125 IN SHEET CVM
3Z 0 HT + MARST RAIN + AGE, 2 HR - 400
...4~ ~
'\.'
o,, 360
~ F
TU
3ZO 10
Z4 0
! ,_-----11 ~
-0 E-<
zo 0 Z80 ~ z:=-1 5
t--- u
~ >- !>:
~ ~
FTY
Z40
E-<
I'<
tol
p.
L
zoo 40\) 600 800 1000 1ZOO
~ 16'j0F, SQ 400F, 5MINt60 0F(Z + 2HR) TEMPE RING TEMP - F
~ STRAIN + 350F, Z HR
EFFECT OF LOW CARBON CONTEN T
0
1650F, AC > 1550.F, OOt600F (Z + ZHR)
+STRA IN+ 400F, Z HR
,
zoo FIG. 3.0Z1Z3
AND VARIOU S TEMPE RING TEMPE RA-
Tl'RE ON TENSIL E PROPER TIES OF
SHEET.
(31)
-- -
0
3 Uj~
~~
RA ---. "1
0 0.4 0.6 o. 8 1.0
0 0,2
MARST RAlN - PERCEN T
ZBO
Fe-(0 . 46C) l. OCr-1 . OMo- 0. 55Ni
2oo 6oo soo 1 ooo "'.~. 05S IN SHEE T
1zoo
TEMP ERIN G TEM PERA TURE - -.., MILL ANNE ALED
],"
Z60 '-,. ' GROU ND TO THIC KNES S
FIG. 3. OZ1Z4 EFFE CT OF TEMP ERIN G AUST . 1550F (ARG ON ATM)
TEMP ERAT URE ON TENS ILE 'O 1.4 HR, OQ+T EMPE R, ZHRS
"
PROP ERTI ES AT TWO
AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURES. 1
(41)
::J Z40 1----1--..::.....+~.---+---+---l
f-<
~
zzo
Z60
7.40
zzo
~
><
- - - VACU UM MELT f-.
~
D6AC
zoo
---0 AIR MELT
D6
10
180
f-<
fJu 5
"'
c.!
c.
0
600 700 800 900 1000 1100
TEM PERA TURE - F
FIG. 3.0212 5 EFFE CT OF TEMP ERIN G TEMP
ERAT URE
ON TENS ILE PROP ERTI ES .OF AIR
AND
VACU UM MEI.T ALLO Y SHEE T.
(36)
I v '-'1 I
, ..,,
340
Fe-(0.46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
BAR NORM 1650 400 Fe
~/8 TO 1/Z JN PLATE, CVM
300
1550F, 1 HR, SQ
400F, 10 MIN 340
+1550F, OQ + TEMPER
+2 PERCENT STRAIN 0.46 c
....... ~ + TEMPER (Z + Z HR) +STRESS RELIEF
1.0 Cr
301.0
1.0 Mo
260
-=---- ~
FTU
.____ 300
320 240~
Q55 Ni
~~ ~ ::> 06A
260 I ... 06AC
/~
fo.
~ ~
~ :><
~ ._____
!-< 240 160
~
:><
180 zzo ...
~" fo. STRESS RELIEF, 411R
160
250F
& 350F
80
60 180
450F
0 SSOF
-
80 0
40
~ RA
~ !-<
0
2:
Iii 40
e(l IN) u
~
Iii
0.
0 0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMPERING TEMP - F TEMPERING TEMP - F
::::>
!-<
~ Z40
~~--
zoo
FTU
1-a-
r-. 240
1----
~ r---...
80
~
~ zoo
8or-----;------t------r--; 0 L
OT
...:><
~
160
RA
- 4
e (Z IN)
- 1. . . .
4~
0~----._----~----~~ 0
0 400 800 I ZOO 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
TEMPERING TEMP - F TEMPERING TEMP-F
FIG. 3. 02151 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3.02141 EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ROLLED
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE RING FORGINGS.
PROPERTIES OF BAR. (13)
(4, p. 4.9)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH. 1968
400
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
-- --
Fe 3 1/4 x Z 1/Z x 9 IN CLOSED DIE FORGING
FORGE 102.5 TO 1050F, OQ
0.46 c 360 _+ 300F, SR.
1.0 Cr
+ 500F (Z + Z HR) ...
1.0 Mo ~ 32.0
k'(h
/ / FTU \
360
Q55 Ni
D6A
~
~
E-<
2.80
A"'
/
~/ ,'\,
-. ,......
1//ltC_
D6AC ~
0
I'
~
2.80
-{L
0 T 2.40
10 - - - A ST
zo
0
-
Q
~
~ ~'\
/
.. -----
c(1IN)
r::.a.
RA
-- ~
----
.,-- ~
0
I
30 40 60
50 70 80
FORGING REDUCTION - PERCENT %0 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
FIG. 3. OZISZ EFFECT OF FORGING REDUCTION Fc-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF A 3 1/4 x Z 1/2. x 9 IN CLOSED DIE FORGING
VARIABLE CROSS-SECTION AUS- FORGE 102.5 TO 1050F, OQ
32.0 ~ 300F, SR
FORMED FORGING TEMPERED
AT SOOF. + 900F (2. t Z HR)
(10)
0
32.0
:::>
E-<
~
--.-
~~ 2.40r------+----~r-----~----~------; 2.80
0
><
E-<
~
2.40
f L
--toT
---A ST 2.00
--~---r-i~--.--~
c(11N)
10~---_._ _ _~--~--~----J
30 40 50 60 70 80
FORGING REDUCTION - PERCENT
CODE 1213
t-eUH
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
.....
400 r---------~F~e--(~0~.4~6~C=-)~-~~~.O~M~o--~O
~.~SS~N~i~~
VACUUM ARC REMELTED
MATERIAL- STEAM
Fe
DROP HAMMER
360 t-----+--=-.i~"""=::--rA,_,U,S""F_,O,.R'i'G"'E"'D,.__--1
0.46 c
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
Q55 Ni
D6A
05AC
360
3ZO
Z80 UJ
:.:
>-
E-o
Z40 1..
n-80 PERCENT REDUCTION
IOOOF FORGE TEMP
3ZO
llOOF FORGE TEMP
1;. l300F FORGE TEMP zoo Fc-(0.46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
NOT FORGED AUST 1650F 1/ZHR + 1550F 1/ZHR
400F SO+ TEMPER, ZHRS
' ~ Z80
40 160
Z40
zo
E-o
z
r.l
u 0 Z60
a:
r.l 15
~
e
10
zzo
5
0
300 400 500 600 700 800 180 >-
E-o
TEMPERING TEMP - F
E-o
z
lol
u 10
0 c(Z IN)
a:
lol
~
e(Z IN)
0
zoo 400 600 800 1000 !ZOO 1400
TEMPERING TEMP - F
260
Fe Fe-(0 .46C) -1.0C r
1.0 Mo - O.SSNi
0.46 c 1/2 IN PLAT E
240 I---_ ,116 SOF , IHR +
1.0 Cr AUST EMPE RING
1.0 Mo
220
Q55 Ni
06A
06AC 200
FTY
~ 3 HRS
180
4 HRS
8 HRS
400 . . - - - - - - - - -
-------.,
160 Fe-(0 . 46C)- I. OCr- I. OMo- 0. SSNi
FORG ING
140
iil
~
'::. 25 0 1---+---l'----=:__.J---=l-,::-~:---
~ ar-n
to.. 0 2000F , IHR t FORG E
(65 PERC ENT) AC
f 16SO F, ZHR, OQ
zoo + SR 350F , 2HRS t
0 L---~--~--~ TEM PER 2 t 2 HRS
500 600 700 800
AUST EMPE RING TEM P-F
OL---~--~--~---~
200 400 ----~
600 800 1000 1200
TEM PERI NG TEM P - F
FIG. 3. 02157 EFFE CT OF TEM PERI NG TEM
PERA TUR E
ON TENS ILE PROP ER TIES FOR
THRE E
THER MAL -MEC HAN ICAL PROC
ESSI NG
TREA TME NTS OF FORG ED ALLO
Y.
(42)
I V\JI I
360r-----~----------------~
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
SHEAR SPUN PREFORMS, CVM Fe
1650F, 40 MIN, AC
+ 15SOF', 35 MIN, OQ 0.46 c
32.0
+ 500F, 1 HR
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
0.55 Ni
D6A
DGAC
1------~----~~----+-----~2.00
L T THICKNESS
60 -
0
C::.
0. 07 IN
0.2. IN
40
Fe-(0, 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
SHEAR FORMED MATERIAL
<0.150 IN THICK
2.0
E-<
z 10
l>l
u
!>:
l>l
A. 5
2.0( AUST. 1550F, AC
TEMPER 2.00F', (2. + 2. HRS)
0 L-----~----~----~----~
400 500 600 700 BOO
TEMPERING TEMP - F
0 0 l:::.SHEAR FORMED
QUENCH AND
TEMPER
__.-IJ
1------1-- _ ___,,a::::::::.:=--+------112.0
VV7
------~------~-----1-------1 80
E-< 30~----~-----+------+-----~
z
~ 2.:"11:,....----11------1-------J.----~
~ I"\.. e(2. IN)
l>l
A.
o~l--"~~~~---1-------J.----~
......... .... .. ....
0~----~----~------~--~--~
0 2.0 40 60 80
REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 3. 02.172. EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM
REDUCTION ON TENSILE
PROPER TIES.
(33)
.,... ...
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
275
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
0.46
1.0
Fe
c
Cr
60 250 .
0. 040 IN SHEET
I550F l/2HR + IOSOF I/2HR, OQ
+475F 2HR, AC + 475F 2HR, AC
1\
Fe-(0.46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
NOTCH ROOT Kt
NORM 1650F + 1550F, OQ
RADIUS (r)
1.0 Mo +TEMPER
O.OOI 17
Q55 Ni ~ 40 225
0.004 9.4
CHA~Y
06A
06AC
IE V
.......... ~
J Cil
:.::
200 \\ 0.007
0.025
o. 050
~oo/
7.3
4.I
3.I
.- ~50
0
175 "-...............
-
0 400 800 1200 I600
t-
TEMPERING TEMP -F .....
FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERING !50
TEMPERA TUitE ON IMPACT 0 4 8 I2 I6 20
PROPERTIES.
Kt
(4, p. 4)
FIG. 3. 027II NOTCH PROPER TIES FOR SHEET.
(34)
_l I -1\
" 4"" ~
20
280
Fsu FTY
ANNEALED CONDITION
SHEAR FORMED
I 80
240 ~
0 6 SHEAR FORMED
QUENCH AND TEM~R
><
!-<
/~
I
200 "'.::..
!-<
~ "'
180
v I 00
60
0 0
160
120
Cr- 2. ~~
"140
160
::::. 100
~<."' ~-
...
.v~ ~ <O.ISO IN THICK
60
0 20 40 60 80 80 ~----~----~--.----~----~----~----__j
REDUCTION - PERCENT 200 400 600 BOO 1000 120(' I400
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0251 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM
REDUCTION ON SHEAR FIG. 3. 027111 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE l:JN
STRENGTH. SHARP NOTCH PROPERTIES OF SHEET.
(33) (6)(35)
CODE 1213
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
1'
360
Fe-(C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
Fe-(0.46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
0. 070 !>HEET Fe
O.IZ51NSHEET, CVM
1650F, AC NORM I650F 1/Z HR
0.46 c
.__
+1550F, OQ AUST 1550F 1/Z HR
32. 0 +TEMPER Z HR
t600F (2. + 2. HR) + STRAIN
"C" CONTENT PERCENT
1.0 Cr
+400F, 2HR __._ _4
:,"
.... - 0.44
- 0.40 1.0 Mo
(. 2.8 0
I ---!::;,
2.40
----0 0.36
...--tTY
T ----0 0.30
0.55 Ni
~
24
~ zo 0
[Ej"CK 9
080 IN
DGA
D6AC
12.
0.___
- u
NOTCH
r 0. 001
80 IZOL----~~E---L-----~------~----_J
0 o.z 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
zoo 400 600 800 1000 12.00
MARSTRAIN - PERCENT
TEMPERING TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 02.7112 EFFECT OF MARSTRAIN ON SHARP
NOTCH PROPERTIES OF SHEET. FIG. 3. 02.7114 EFFECT OF LOW CARBON CONTENT
(II) AND TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET.
(31)
..... ..,.
~------------------------------~z6o
Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
0. 055 IN SHEET
MILL ANNEALED
1----...:::::--k-- GROUND TO THICKNESS 240 ZOOr---------------------------~-----
............ AUST.-!550F(ARGON ATM) Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
1/4 HR, OQ +TEMPER PLATE, CVM
.......... 2. HRS ~ 16Z5F, I HR, SQ
2.20 160 400F, 10 MIN
;.. + IIOOF, 4HR, AC
1-< NOTCH
"'
2.40
1.5 z z. 5 3 3.5
-0 CRACK LENGTH, a,IN
rnn.- l.,l":l
ttKtCUU S ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
Z60~------~--------~~----------------, 3ZO
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni Fe-(0. 46C)-!. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
Fe PLATE CVM 1 INDIA BAR
1650F, 1 TO Z HR, SQ 400F, 10 MIN, AC
0.46 c z o _ _.......,,....,.. + 400F, 1 TO Z HR, AC +TEMPER, AC
4 1 Z80
100 LB !NO VAC MELT
!650F, 1 HR, AC
+ 1550F, 1 HR, AC
1.0
1.0
Cr
Mo
Z40
+ TEMPER, 4 HRS
/1 - f-- f---
f-.
/t
0.55 Ni
v/
/ F.(y
.- "" ...............
DGA
DGAC zoo
0 1000F, 4HR, FTy=Z14KSl( Z4)
~ zoo / NOTCH
.......
~
!::; 1100F, 4HR, FTY=Z03KSI( Z4)
600F, ZHR+11 Z5F, 4HR, FTY+ 191 KSI(Z_Z.:..)--j...:::::l;,a!ha
180 !60
Of::; W =I IN
t =0.4IN
ew=L5IN r <. 0. 0015 IN
160 t = 0. 375 IN !ZO I I I
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
TEMPER TEMP - F
I,T. l
L..L
140
J SURFACE CRACK SPECIMEN,
FATIGUE CRACK AFTER HT
FIG. 3. OZ713Z EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATU RE ON
THE SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH OF BAR.
(16)
IZO L-----~----~----~----~~----~----~
0 o.oz 0.04 0.06 0.08 0. 10 O.IZ
a/Q
.....
Z60~----~~~--------~~~-------------,
Fe-(0. 46C)- I. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
400r---~~~~~~~~~~~ 1/Z IN THICK, Z4 IN DIA DOME FORGING, CVM
Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
BAR !600F, I HR, SQ !0 MIN
+ 400F, I HR, AC
Z4 -
+ IIOOF, I HR, AC FTY = 197 KSI
zzo
t, JN
~ 2.00
"'
:<:
0
0.1
0,2.
0
NORM 1650F T 1550F, OQ
NORM 1700F + 1575F, OQ
!80- 0.4
80
~ ! l
L
!60
FIG. 3. OZ7131 0 0. 01 0. oz 0. 03 0. 04 0. 05 o. 06
EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATU RE ON NOTCHED a/Q
AND SMOOTH TENSILE PROPER-
TIES OF BAR.
FIG. 3. OZ7141 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACKS ON SHARP
(4, p. 16)
NOTCH STRENGTH OF FORGING.
(Z3)
CODE 1213
FeUH
REVISEDNARCH 196 8 FERROUS ALLOYS
I
\_)
280 300
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. SSNi Fe-(0 .. 46C)-l. OCr-1 .'OMo-0. SSNi
SHEJ'.R SPUN PREFORMS, CVM 1/Z'IN PLATE CVM
lSSOF, 1 HR, SQ 400F, 10 MIN
Fe
16SOF, 40 MIN, AC
240 ....... +1550F, 35 MIN, OQ
........... ~OF,1HR
260
+ TEMPER (2 + 2 HR)
....-- ........ ,_ -~ 0.46 c
"--- l2
/
1.0 . Cr
zoo
FTY
'~ 220
/
/
v
--
//' ~----- t- 1.0 Mo
Q55 Ni
160
NOTCH
~
180
NOTCH
ll..._ v
I 06A
~ ~'
D6AC
~ 120
.~ D.
L T
0
THICK
0, 07 IN
0. 20 IN
140
Be
FATIGUF r.nACK AFTER
-
~ ! ~~ l
80 100
~~ HT
~
Ul Lt I I
v
~
40 60
ELOX SLOT 0. 001 IN RAD NOTCH I
0
AFTER HT.
40
.. PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS
Kic
500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 90!1 1000
TEMPERING TEMP- F TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02715 EFFECT OF TEMPERING FIG, 3. 02722 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
TEMPERATURE ON SHARP SHARP NOTCH PRC.PEP.TIES AND FRACTURE
NOTCH PROPERTIES OF TOUGHNE'SS OF PLATE.
SHEAR SPUN ALLOY. (IS)
(19)
260r-------------------------------------------~
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. SSNi
DEEP DRAWN CYLINDERS, CVM
162SF,OQ + 600F, ZHR
220
\
'\
'\
180 1---+--'~
~ 140
60L-----~----~----~----~-----L-----L----_J
0 0.004 o. 008 0. 012 0. 016 0. 020 0. 024 0.028
CRACK DEPTH , IN
~
250
~ 40~--~--~~~~~-~~--1
PLATE, CVM I
Fc-(0. 46C)-l Cr-I. OMo- 0. 55Ni
--
....
~ 200 RT
~
250F
/;
/v
150
0~---L---~------~----~--
-~
200 400 600 800 1000 I200
TEMPERIN G TEMP - F
r
FIG. 3. 02723 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN G TEMPERA TURE
ON FRACTURE TOUGHNES S FOR THREE 10 0
THERMAL -MECHANI CAL PROCESSIN G
TREATME NTS OF FORGED ALLOY.
(42)
0 J
36~--------------r---~
20L-~---L-----~----~----~----~
0 200 400 800 I 000
TEMP- F
,,_ D6A
80 D6AC
320
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni * SOF
ABOVE
BAR, CVM TEST TEMP
1500 TO lSSOF, OQ
0
+ TEMPER, 2 HR
.. -....
~u I
no
80
280
..z
t.l
, l)
~
t.l
A.
40
240
-l"'! 0 ~o----~4~0~0--~8~0~0~---1~2~0~0~
'" \ ~~ zoo~
TEMP- F
.....
~(
~
\ EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA -
. ...... ..
;..
FIG. 3. 0313
TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTI ES
~-
0 \
~ OR BAR
...... !60 (4, p. 9)
'a~ c...F TY
"-~, ~"6
~
~ '-<.
...... ...... __
'o- ...........
i
120
~
TEMPER
SOOF
_0 !OSOF}
A IISOF
DIA
1/ZIN(IZ)
I IN (4)
--- k--A
.... ~,
80
' A
40
~
I IN RA
OC:> 1/2 IN
A
__... ~: ~IV 40
Fe-(0. 46C)-J. OGr-1. OMo-0. SSNi
NORM !650F + 1550F, OQ
0
~
~
(j
--.
200
.e.
400 600
.
e
~~
ar.o 1000 1200
0
TEMP F
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
IE CHARPY V
Q55 Ni E-o
~ Sf-----4-~---+------~----~----~
06A
320~------------------------------~
06AC Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
1. 25 IN PLATE
4~----~----~----~----~----~
-400 -300 -ZOO -100 0 100 1650F, 1 HR, .'\C
TEMP- F + 1550F, I HR, OQ
280
t TEMPER 1015 TO 1085F, IHR, AC
MELT PRACTICE
AIR CVM
120 0 e RT
0 ZOOF
6 A -109F
~0/
160
~
FATIGUE CRACK AFTER HT
20~------------------------~
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo- 0. 55Ni
31/4xZI/2x91N
CLOSED OlE FORGING,
55 PERCENT RED
16
-FORGE 1025 TO 1050F, 00
+300F, SR +TEMPER (2 + 2 HR)
PLANE STRAIN
12 L FRACTURE TOUGHNESS Klc
TEMPER
~ SOOF 0~----~-------L------~----~
0 900F
..'"' 8
180 190 200 210
FTY - KSI
220
oL-----~----~----~----~
-400 -200 0 2.00 400
TEMP- F
20
Fc-(0. 46C) I. OCr-!. OMo-0 . 55Ni
HEAT TltEAT ED TO FTU ZOO TO 220 KSI
ISO Fe
~
0.46 c
~
100 .. 900F 1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
80 't ~ 0.55 Ni
IOOOF
'. 'e 06A
60
10 100 1000 10,000 06AC
TIME HR
400
Ft-(0. 4&C)-I . OC-1. OMo-0 . 55Ni
I U IN DJA BAR, CV!\.,1
1500F, 1srvm; , oo 50 0F, ZHR
360 '-.
-
~ ~SEE
NOTCH ED (FOR SPECI MEN
TABLF ; 3.052)
320
~- ----.. ......
280 -e
0
TEMP ER
6 45\JF
A 500F
--
240
o__t ---
h-
SMOOT H
200
0. I
------- ~
10
.. 100
.._
1000 10,000
TIME HR
(12)
1 v""ll
100
Fc-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
Fe 3/8 TO 1/Z IN PLATE, CVM
0.46 c u
1550F, 1HR, SQ 400F, 10 MIN
t 600F (2 t 2 HR)
::.:'"'
1.0 Cr 0 90
!-<
1.0 Mo ::.: NOTCH ROUND
FTY = 247 KSI
c A SURF ACE
0.55 til CRACK
Ni ::l TANK SURFAC E CRACK L
11. 80
11.
D6A <
D6AC 0
::
<
0: 70
280
---- HR PLATE
!650F, IHR Q IN SALT 970F, IHR, OQ
ti030F (2 + 2 HRS) t SR 925F, 2HRS
\\
LONG TRANSV ERSE
GRAIN DIRECTI ON
200
-.;;:
...
~ ~"----
"'0:"'
til
160 \ 1-- .A .It
F-
!-<
"'
NOTCH E;I
ROUND
SPECIME NS
~-
:.<:
< 120 K 1 = 3.0
:::E
.3~2460 '~-
80 l.-. NOTCHE
. 013R
D FLAT ""
$S O : ~
- - ....
SPECIME NS K 1 = 2.9
40
ASMOOT H ROUND
1. oro 1
3. 75
r-- - .t-' .....
SPECIME NS ~ I
200DIA AXIALLY LOADED
rrr
K{ I. 0
ro'l reP
I
FIG. 3.054 S-N CURVES FOR 220-240 KSI H.R. PLATE.
(44)
,.nne- 11"\1'-7
reuH
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
ZBO
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni Fe
FORGED BAR
c
2.40 -
\
l&SOF, IHR, Q IN SALT 970F, IHR OQ
t600F (2. + 2. HR) + FINISH MACHII'iE
tSR SZSF, 2HR
0.46'
1.0 Cr
zoo
\
- ... 260-l80 KSI UTS
LONG TRANSVERSE -
1.0
0.55 Ni
Mo
~ !60
1\ \
A 06A
'""' ....._ D6AC
~\
I
"'"'Ul.:: 1--. ~
f-<
"' 12.0
X
< NOTCHED FLAT "
"\.
::: SPECI.MENS
-- .I
80 1-
I. 800 09l '-.. ,_
2.60~--------------------------------~
1\
::0:: E
tll2.5F, 4HR, AC
I
0
0
;:
Jb
\
200 400 600 800 1000 12.00
TEMP- F
100~----~----~------L-----~-----~
o. 04 0.06 0. 08 0.10 O.IZ 0.14
a/Q 0
-400 -300 -2.00 -IOO 0 100
FIG, 4.0313 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK SIZE QII:
TEST TEMPERATURE- F'
SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH OF PRIMARY
WELDS AND WELD REPAIRS MADE FIG. 4. 0314 EFFECT OF WELDING ON LOW TEMPERATURE
AFTER HEAT TRP.ATMENT. CHARPY V IMPACT PROPERTIES.
(22) (39)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
Min
Percent
Max
RC, min
BHN, max
-
45
-
241
-
us
Carbon
Manganese
Silicon
0.23
1.20
0.28
1.50
m, Izod,mln -tt lb 20
- -
1.30
--
I. 70
Phosphor us 0.040 3, 012 De!lliled specified propertie s are not available . This
Sulfur 0.040 alloy Is used at present almost exclusive ly for parts
Chromium 0.20 O .fO designed to Ftu = 230 ksl minimum .
Nkkel I. 65 2.00
Molybdenum 0.35 0.45 3,02 Mechanic al Propertle& at Room Tempera ture
Iron Balance 3. 021 Typical mechanic al propertie s, Table 3. 021
TABLE 3 021
1.05 Heat Treatmen t Source Ill
1.051 Normaliz e, 1690 to 1710 F, air cool. Alloy Fe-(0 2SC -18N!-I ~"I . 3Mn-o .Q.!o
1.052 Subcritlc al anneal for shearing and sawing. 1200 F, IS to Form lin-......
20 hr. Resulting hardness should be about 260 BHN. Condition 160n F _ nn ... r...., ....._..
l.OS3 Isotherm al aMeal for best machinab ility. 1360 to 1380 F, Temper Temp - F 400 500 550 600
cool at 50 F per hr maximum to 1100 F, then air cool + Ftu, typ - ks! 239 235 234 230
1175 to 122S F, IS to 20 hr. Resulting hardness should be
about 230 BHN. Alternstl vely anneail3 60 to 1380 F, place F(2' typ - ks!
e In), typ - percent
183 191 193 194
In furnace and hold at 1175 to 1225 F, 24 hr. 14..3 13.. 9 13..1 14..0
llA,tyl' -percen t 46.6 49.7 49.7
1.054 Heat treat for regular machinin g. Normaliz e or 51.7
Hardness , R.C, typ 48 47 46.5
austenltl ze + 1200 F (USO maximum ), 15 to lO hr. 46
m, lzod, eyp-tt lb
Resulting hardness should be 229 to 248 BHN. .fa F 29 27 25 26
I.OSS Austenltl ze. IS75 to 162S F, oil quench, AMS gives RT 33 33 31 29
IS6S to 158S F.
1.056 Temper. 400 to 600 F, preferabl y 5SO F. Temperin g
outside of this range Is not recomme nded, Effect of
temperin g temperat ure on tensile propertie s of bar, 3.022 Stress strain curves In tension for heat treated tubing,
Fig. I. 056. Fig. 3. 022.
3.023 Effect of wall thickness on modulus of rupture In bending
1.06 Hardenab ll!ty for heat treated tubing, Fig, 3, 023,
I. 061 End qut>nch hardenab illty, Fig. 1. 061. 3.024 Typical torsion strength of heat treated bar, F st = 193. 5
1.062 Effect of as quenched section size on tensile propertie s of ksl.
heat treated bar, Fig. I. 062. :1. 02S Effects of specimen size, test direction and stress
concentra tion factor on notch strength ratio for bar,
1.07 Forms and Condition s Available Fig. 3.02S.
I. 071 Alloy Is available In the full commerc ial range of sizes
for sheet, plate, bar and forgings. 3. 03 Mechanic al Propertie s at Various Tenlpera tures
1.072 Alloy Is available In the annealed or hot rolled condition s. 3. 031 Short time tension propertie s
3. 0311 Stress strain curves for plate at room and elevated
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt. temperat ures, Fig. 3. 0311.
Induction and consuma ble electrode vacuum melts. 3. 0312 Effect of test temperat ure on tensile and yield strength ol
plate, Fig. 3, 0312.
1.09 Special Consider ations
3.032 Short time propertie s other than tension
I. 091 Temperin g on either side of the SOO to 600 F range Is
3. 0321 Stress strain curves In compres sion for p.late at room and
not recommended.
1.092 Center soundnes s Is not guarante ed In sizes over l!iO sq elevated temperat ures, Fig. 3, 0321,
3. 0322 Effect of test temperat ure on compres sive yield strength
In cross sectional area for rolled bar or In sizes over
196 sq In for forged products , of plate, Fig. 3, 0322,
3, 0323 Effect of test temperat ure on Impact strength of bar,
2, Fig. 3, 0323.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Nearly the
3,033 Static stress concentra tion effects. Effect of low teat
same as those of other low alloy steels (sec 4340),
temperat ure on notch strength of bar, Table 3, 033,
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
TABLB 3 OS
Source 2
Jlorm lltt.r
Condl.tiDn Ptu = 230 kBi
Temp lof8thod Si:reuStreaa Fatigue StreDgth
p Ratio Concen kBi at ~cles
A R. !ration 1o' lOS 06 101
R.T Rot Bean 00 -1 Smooth 190 132 03 88
Notched 140 55 50 -46
-320 K= 2.5 90 75 60 47
......,
.....
RA~B AMS
SPRBAD OF 75 HBATS -.....,
6418
8 16 24 32
DISTANCE FROM QUBNCHBD BND-
SIXTBBNTHS INCH
FIG. 1.061 BND QUBNCH HARDBNABILITY
(2)
CODE 12141
t::::'
J.''
FeUH
REVJSED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~:
,
r0
--< 1.8 Ni
Fro
1.5 Si
200 160
1.3 Mn
e"& 'YSURFACB \~
O'ilOCpR B
0.4 Mo
r.;:l60
i01200
HBAT
T ~
FTY
-- V(~ - 120
!.'.1
HY-TUF
160 80
eONOl '(~
.. N02
'Y'ilNO 3
120 ON04
60
-
p
RA
-~~<(~ ~
TENSION
0 o. 002 0. 004 o. 006 o. 008 o. 010
STRAIN - lN PBR 1N
0
0
-- 1 2
e
3
l-r7'";rj h
4
FIG. 3. 022 STRBSS STRAIN CURVBS 1N TENSION FOR HBAT
TREATED TUBlNG (7, p. 27 -3.2)
11100
Pe-(0. 25C)-l. 8Ni-1.5Si-1 .3Mn-O. 4Mo
-
AUSTEN 1600 F
.fc1 a 1300 F 1---- PEARLITE PRIOR COND, ANN
~ ~ l ..--
...
i
1200
FERRITB
SfAR~ v BAINITE
START
<. ~
END
13 RC
13 RC
PEARLITE
36 RC
1-o
800
M
8 / ~
,..- ,- ~------
VIRTUAL END OF TRANSFORMATION
32 RC
39 RC
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 10 100
TIME- HR
350
200~~--------------~-----r----~--~-,
Fe Fe-(0. 25C)l. 8Ni-1.'5SII.3MnO . 4Mo Fe -(0. 25C)l. BNI-1. SSI-1. 3Mn-0. 4Mo
0.25 c I 2 1/8 IN 0 D 1l1111NG I 0. 250 IN PLATB
1600P, 2SMIN, 0Q
ADJUSTED TO Fru = 220 KSI
1.8 Ni 6 2
1.5 Si 300
1.3 Mn 120
0.4 Mo
~
HY-TUF 250
BAR
200~~--~~----~~----~~----~~~ ON
0 2 10 20 30 40
RATIO OP DIAMBTBR TO WAW.. TifiCICNRSS-D/t 0.002 0. 004 0. 006 o. 008 0.010 0. 012
Fig. J. 02J EFFECT OF WALL TIIICKNESS ON MODULUS OF STRAIN - IN PBR IN
RUPTURE IN BENDING FOR HEAT TREATED TUBING FIG. 3. 0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR PLATB AT ROOM AND
ELEVATEU TEMPERATURES (5)
(7, p. 27-32)
240
Pe-(0. 25C)-l. 8Nl-l. 5Si-1. 3Mn-O. 4Mo
200
-
p;u--.
0.250 IN PLATE
1600 P 25 MIN, OQ
....... +606 P, 1/2 HR
--- ~
"\ \
160
~
120 ~ \
~\~
eL
D = 0.300 T D=0.500 T .A.T
0.6Ll---~3~~5--~1~0~1~---~--~--l~O~ 80
CODE 12141
FeUH
REVIS ED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
2~~------------~--~~-.-----.-----,
Fe(O. 25C)l.8Nil. 5Sil,3MnO. 4Mo :Xa(O. 25C)l. 8Ni-l. 5Si-l. 3MnO. 4Mo Fe
I 0.250 IN PLA'l'B j
1600 F, 25 MIN, 0Q +600 F, 1/2 HR
40 46.5 TO 47 0.25 c
200 Fru~=~2~20~KS~I+------h~~-t~~-4
1.8 Ni
1.5 Si
1.3 Mn
~
0.4 Mo
t2o~----+-~~~-----+----~
HY-TUF
0
-400 -200 0 200
TEMP.::: P
PIG. 3.0323 BFPBCT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
ON IMPACT STRENGTH OP BAR
(6, p. 211)(8, p. 6)
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.012
STRAJN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0321 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR PLA'l'B
AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (5)
34
Fe-(0. 25C)I. SNH. SSIl. 3MnlO, 4Mo
Fe-(0. 2SC)I. ~Ni-l, 5511. 3Mn-O. 4Mo 0.250 IN PLATF.
1600 F, 25 MIN, OQ + 600 F, l/2 HR
2-~
200
r---......
0. 250 IN PLATE _
..._
--
~ 30 FTU 220 KSI
1~00 F, 25 MIN. 0Q + 1100 F.
-..;
'./21iR
;I' ....... Ec
-~
160
--
'"', .......
Fru =22( KSI
h---.. ~-- ........
~
- 26
FTY
FCY
1.2 ~ "
~ ~
'\
STATIC
J
~ 120 22
"
80
eL
.f.T
I~'i 18
eoL
.f.~T
\
\
0.25
Fe
c
2~r-~~~~~~~~~----,
Fc-(0. 25C)-l. 8Nl-l.S SI-l. JMn-0. 4 Mo
I 0. 25lN PLATB
1600 F, 25 MIN, OQ+ 600 P,
,;
~"
.i
l1
200 ~i
1.8 Ni 1/2 HR :~
=
Fro 220 KSl
~,.
1.5 Si
1.3 Mn t
;.~
.,1
0.4 Mo <~
i:i
.-~
fj 120
HY-TUF ~,
.
'1,
80 -~
j
-~-~
:~
.r
:-,;
jr.
0 .. ~
0 24 32 :{.
':,
lOOO KS! ~1
FIG. 3.062 TANGE NT MODULUS CURVE S IN
.,
:)
COMPI\BSSION AT ROOM AND BLB- -~~
.';
1
~
...
~
"
Fe-(0. 2SC l-1. SNI-1. :;sH. 3Mn-O. 4Mo
I 0.25 IN PLATB
1600 P, 25 MIN, OQ + 600 F, 1/2 HR
2 FTu-=~2=2T~---;
160
REFERE NCES
~ I AMS 6418 B, (Nov. J, 1954)
120 2 Crucibl e Steel Compan y or Americ a, "Hy-Tu f Alloy
Steel",
Data Sheet, (Nov. 1957)
3 Muvdf, B. B., Sachs, C. aod Klier, E. P., ''Design
Prop
erties or High Strength In the Presenc e or Stress
Concen -
80 trations ", WAOC TR 56395, Pt. I, (Dec. 1956)
4 Sachs, G., "Survey or Low-Alloy AircraCt Steels
Heat
Treated to High-St rength Levels" , WAOC TR 53254,
(Dec. 1953) Pt. 4,
5
.co Hughes, P. ]. , loge, ]. E. aod Prosser , S. B.,
"Tensil e
aod Compre ssive Stress-S train Propert ies oC Some
High-
Strength Sheet Alloys at Elevated Temper atures"
, NACA
TN 3315, (Nov. 1954)
6 Muvdf, B. D., Klier, E. P. aod Sachs, C., "Design
0 Prop-
0 erties or High-St rength Steels In the Presenc e or
24 32 Stress
Co~centratfo>s and Hydro4cn Embritt lcmcnt"
JOOO KSI , WAOC TR
55-103, Supp. 1, Uan. 1'.156)
PIG. 3.063 7 The Clevcia od Pneuma tic Tool Co., "Stress -Strain
SBCAN T MODULUS CURVE S lN COM- Curves
PRESSION AT ROOM AND Bl.BVA TBO Cor High-St rength Alloy Steel", Rep, No. 732,
(Feb. 25,
TBMPB RATUR BS 1955)
(5) 8 Crucibl e Steel Compan y or Americ a, "Data Sheet",
No. 2, (Nov. 1957) Rev,
CODE -1214
FeUH
REVISE DMARC H 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
CODE 1215
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963
4. FABRICATION 64
Fe D:l Fe-(0.4C -1.6CrI.IAI0.6Mn0.35Mo
~
4.01
0.4 c 4.011
Forming and Casting
Forging. Starting temperature 1950 to 2200 F, finlshlng
1.6 Cr temperature 1650 F, minimum, (3). "'0
1.1 AI 4.02 Machining
4.021 Rough machining prior to heat treatment Is recommend
0.6 Mn ed particularly for large parts. U large amounts of
stock must he removed1 normallzlng or annealing should
0.35 Mo precede machining. Residual stresses should he : :olded
as these may cause warping during nltridlng. For thls
Nitrailoy reason heat treated material must be machined with light
cuts and be stress relieved after machining at a temper-
135 mod. ature not less than 100 F above the nltrldlng temperature.
IQ.any case sufficient ma~rlal must be removed to elim-
Inate any dccarburlzed surface, (2, p. 6, 7). 3
~~----~8~--~1~----~24~----~32
~.03 Welding DISTANCE FROM QUBNCHBD BND-
4.031 'The major problem Is to avoid Joss In chromium and alu- SIXTBBNrn IN
minium in the weld area which we.~~~ rrevent subsequent FIG. 1.061 BND QUBNCH HARDENABILITY
nltrldlng. The most successful m~il-o<><J \1mploys 2. 5% Cr, (2, p.ll)
medium carbon rods with the atomic tvirogcn process.
If the weld area docs not require nltrlding1conventional
welding methods may be employed. Welded parts should
be heat treated before any machining, (1) (2, p. 38). 48
D:l Fe(0.4C)I.6CrI.IA10.6Mn
4.04 Heating and Heat Treating :l 0.35Mo 1 IN DlA BAR
~ 1700 F, OQ
4.05 Surface Treating u 44 +TEMPER
4.051 Nltrldlng or heat treated parts. '
4.0511 Sufficient material should be removed to eliminate any
decarburlzed surface area before nltrldlng.
4,0512 A typical method of nltrldlng Is the two-stage Floc Proc-
ess, using ammonia as the source of nitrogen. At nl-
trldlng temperature ammonia decomposes Into atomic
nitrogen and hydrogen, Gas circulation, flow rate and
temperature must be controlled carefully to Insure prop-
er degree of ammonia dissociation, (2, p. 2, 3),
4.0513 Case depth uslnR the Floc Process on Nitralloy 135 mod,
Table 4. 0513,
TABLE 4 05!3
So~rcc (<, p:J)
TEMPERING TBMP F
Allov (Fe(0.4C)I.6CrI.IA10.6Mn-O. 35Mo
Sll~tC First Second FIG. 1.062 EFFECT OF 1 uMPBRING TEM
Temo 975 F 1050 F PERATURE ON HARDNESS OF
l'i. ammonia dissociation 1525 83-86 BAR
{!)
Case deoth In Time hr Time hr
0.005-0.008 5 0
0.008-0.0!2 5 5
O.Ol!-0.0!5 5 20
96
-,
0.0130.018 6 26 Fe-{0. 4C)I. 6Cr-I.IAIO. 6MnO. 35Mo
~
o. 017 -o. 022 8 42 - - 60 HR )1725 F, OQ
- - - 48 HR + 1250 F, 5 HR
- - 24 HR + NITRIDJNG 975 F,
4.0514 Areas of parts that do not require nltrlding may be pro- ~ 92 --12HR (2)
tected by tin, bronze or copper plating, {2, p. 32), < \ -~.
~"'
4,0515 Size Increase due to nltrldlng Is approximately 0.001 to ll
0.002 Inch depending on the time and temperature of nl "'z \ [\ ',
trldlng. Dimensions may be restored by careful grinding "'-;- 89
or lapping, {3).
~
5
\\ \
\
\
\
\
~ 84
\ \
\
:I: \
..J \
..J \
Ill
~ 80 \ \
g \ ,_ . ' ..... - \
\
..:
f-...,__- f - - - --
76
BE~tw SURF~'h
0 40
JEPTII 10:ffN
~1:
FeUH
REVISEOMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
8
e-(0. 4C)-1.6Cr-l. rl-0. 6Mnr ~~Mo Fe-(0. 4C)1. 6Cr-l.IA1-D.6Mt. Fe
0.35Mo
0.4 c
MEAN COEF LINEAR 1.6 Cr
THERiL EXPINSION 1.1 AI
0.6 Mn
FROM Rl TO TEM~INDICATiD 0.35 Mo
5 Nitrolloy
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP- F 135 mod.
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (3)
RA
240 Fe-(0.4C)1.6Crl.IAI-D.6Mn
0.35Mo 1 IN D!A BAR
1700 F, 1/2 HR, OQ
+
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0212 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM
TEMPERATURE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF AS TEM-
PERED AND NITRIDED
ALLOY
(1)
56
Fe(O. 4C)-1. 6Crl.IA1
0. 6Mn-D. 35Mo
. AS TEMPERED
NITRIDED 900 F,
48 90HR
I
IE CHARPY V
40
TEMPERING TEMP - F
PIG. 3. 0211 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM "'..:I
TEMPERATURE TENSILE 32
PROPERTIES OF BAR t:
(1) (2, p.l2)
24
8L-.....~----------~-----~
1000 1100 1200 1300
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM
TEMPERATURE IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF AS TEM-
PERED AND NITRIDED
ALLOY (1)
CODE 1215
ICUn
REFERENCES
Fe
0.4 c Allo>y Digest, "Nitralloy 135 Modified,'' Filing Code: SA-24,
Steel-Alloy, (Dec. 1954)
1.6 Cr 2 Homerberg, V. 0. and Floe, C. F., "Nitralloy and Nltrlding
Including the New Floe Process," The Nltralloy Corp., (1954)
1.1 AI 3 Crucible Steel Co. or America, "Nitrlding Steel # 135 Modi-
fled," Data Sheet, Issue, Uuly 1949)
QG Mn 4 AMS 6470 E, (March 1, 1955)
5 "Alloy Steel Bars for Nitrlding," ASTM DeslgDatlott A 355-
0.35 Mo 57 T, Class A, Pt. 1, (1961)
Nitralloy
135 mod.
CODE 1215
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
1. GENERAL
Tbts alloy Is one of a series of new quenched and Fe
tempered steels which are being developed under
contract by the Naval Sbips Systems Command (44) (45} 5 Ni
(46) (47). It has been designed to have very hl:gh
resistance to crack propagation In heavy
0.55 Cr
sections at temperatures down to about -80F. The 0.47 Mo
steel exhibits secondary hardening with the degree
depending primarily on the Mo content. There Is little 0.075V
change In yield strength In tho tempering temperature
range between 900 and llOOF. Yield strength levels
between 130 and 150 ksl can be obtained by tempering 5Ni CrMoV
at temperatures somewhat higher than that at the
secondary hardening peak. In this tempering range the
toughness l8 high and Increases rapidly with Increasing
tempering temperature. Tentative specifications (1)(2)
have been developed for both 130 and 140 ksl yield
strength grades and a u.s. Navy specification Cor the
130 ksl grade Is under development (48}. Hardenablllty
Is sufficient to obteln 140 ksl yield strength at the
center or !our !ncb thick plates.
Cold formability In the quenched and tempered
condition Is quite good and adequate for all normal
fabrication operations. The steel is easily welded by
Inert gas and covered electrode processes. Detailed
techniques and specifications have been worked out for
GMA and SMA processes (1). Stress relief of heavy
weldments Is not recommended due to temper 1.05 Hel.\t Treatment
embrittlement. Resistance to general corrosion and to 1.051 General. The austenltizlng and tempering procedure
stress corrosion In marine atmospheres Is slightly will depend on the composition and quenched section
better than Hy80 steel and the steel is of particular size. In general, compositions having Mo C r and C
Interest Cor application In deep submersibles. Other at the lower limits or the composition will require
applications would Include pressure vessels where lower tempering temperatures within the 13D-140
light weight Is not a prime !actor, such as large saUd ksl range (see Figure 3. 0215), to achieve
propellant rocket motor cases, reactor pressure a given yield strength. Bainite will be present In
vessels, and high pressure gas storage vessels. plates over about two Inch thick, Table 1. 057.
Consequently, with Increasing thickness above two
Inches the tempering temperatures must be reduced
1.01 Commercial Designation
within the specified composition range and for
Hy 130/140, 5NI..Cr-Mo-V
thicknesses up to four Inches the tempering
temperature required can vary between 1050 and
1.02 Alternate Designations
1160F (see Table 1.057}.
None
1.052 Austenltize. Plates < two Inch thick and all other
1.03 Specifications
forms 1475 to 1525F, 1 hour per Inch, water quench
Tentative Navy, see reference 1.
plates 52 Inch thick 1625 to 1675F, 1 hour per looh,
1.031 ASTM A579-67 Alloy 12.
water quench+ 1475 to 1525F, 1 bour per Inch,
water quench (1).
1.04 Com[!Osltlon
1.053 Tem;:r.r. All forms 1000F, 1 hour per inch, min
Table 1.04
water C<UtlllCh (See 1. 051).
1.054 stress reUe!. Not recommended. However, ex-
pertmentallow manganese compositions have been
develoJ>ed which reduce the tendeooy to embrittlement
on long time stress relief (see 1.09). These
TABLE 1.04 compositions are not available as production items.
1.055 Safety treatments for castings. To eliminate
Source jljj3l hydrogen flaking coolin mold to 400F. Then 1600F,
Perc aut six hour, furnace cool to llOOF, six hour, fumllCe
cool to < 600F. This treatment Ia not completely
~In Mn effective In sections greater than four Inch thick (1).
Carbon
Manganese
-
0.60
0 .!.:.:
0.90
1.056 Rapid boat treatment. Substantial gains In yield
strength may be obtelned by applying several cycles
Phosphorus - 0.010 of an experimental heat treatment consisting or a
Sulphur - 0.010 preheat followed by Induction heating (e. g. 2. 5 to
SUlcon (a) 0.20 0.35 16F per second) to about 1430F followed by water
Nickel (a) 4.75 5.25 quenching (see Figure 3.0217). Some loss In Impact
Chromium 0.40 0.70 strength accompanies those treatments, giving tho
Molybdenum 0.30 0.65 greatest Increase in yield strength {Figure 3.03314),
Vanadium 0,050 0.10 The Increase in strength is associated with a decrease
Titanium - 0.02 in austenltlc grain size. The effectiveness or the
Copper - 0.15 process will decrease with increasing plate thickness
due to beating rate limitations which have yet to be
(a) For castings o.ao - 0,45 Sl established (17). This treatment Is covered by
5. 00 - 5.50 Nl u.s. Patent 3,178,324 but Ia not y.at a production
process.
1.057 Mechanical properties and microstructure for plate
or various thickness Illustrating variatlona In heal
treatments producing mechanical properties within
Hy 130/140 range, Table 1. 057.
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
TABLE 1.057
Fe
Source 1361 Table 4
5 Ni Alloy F&-.11C-6Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo -.07V
0.55 Cr Form Plate (4 Heats)
0.47 Mo Thlckness, inch 1/2 1 2 3 4 R
0.075V 1500F, l.br 1500F,1. 5hr 1550F, 2hr 1650F,3hr 1650F,3hr 1600F,4hr
Condition (b) +165CF,1.75 +1160F,1.5hr 1550F, 2hr +1500F,3hr +1500F,3hr +1050F,3hr
hr 1160F, +llOOF,2hr +1075F,2hr
5Ni CrMoV 2.3hr
Ftu -kill (a) 152 152 148 145 153 151
Fty-klll 139 144 138 136 145 137
R.A. Percent 63 65 62 65 64 67
IE Charpy (a)
V (Zero J)egreesl F - ft-lb 87 85 97 73 78 85
Percent, martensite at mid
thickness 100 100 100 80 75 65
ASTM grain size at mid
thickness 8.5 6.5
I 8.0
(a) Longitudinal at 1/4 thickness, 1-6 Inch plate, mid thickness 1/2 lnch plata
7.3 7.0 3.5-5.5
(duplex)
(b) Water quench following austenltizlng and tempering
TABLE 3.011
Sour"" _{1JL2)
Allov Fe-.11C -5Ni-.55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
Direction Lc>ngltudinal and Tangential except as noted
Form Plate Rolled or Extruded Shape F(lrglng Casting
(a)(b)
Th,:kness, inch < 5/8 > 5/8 to 4 <s/8 <!: 5/8 to 4 < 4 Inch < 6 Inch
Cunditton Hv 130 Hv 140 Hv 130 Hv 140 llv 130 Hv 130 Hv 130 Hv 130
Fty-ksi 130 140 130 140 130 130 130 130
to to to to to to to to
150 160 145 155 150 145 145 145
e(2 Inl mL:: peF-<~~ 14 14 15 15 14 15 15 15
R.A. min ;;~,~:t-::..:'H.
........ ,.
- - 55L
50T
55L
SOT
- 50 50 50
'
3.012 Tentative specifications for weldments (see ~ ...; ,.
Fe Table 4. 0311).
5 Ni
0.55 Cr 3.02 Mechsnical Properties at Room Temperature
3.021 Tension (see also 3. 033).
0.47 Mo 3.0211 Stress-strain curve for plate, Figure 3. 021L
0.075V 3,0212 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile
properties of casting, Figure 3. 0212.
3.0213 Effect of plate thickness on tensile properties,
Figures. 0213.
5 Ni CrMoV 3 _0214 Effect tf testing direction on tensile properties of
alr and ~'BCuum melted plate, Table 3. 0214.
TABLE 3.0214
~urea 10 Table 3
~OY Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr- .47Mo-.07V
ponditinn 1500F, 2 hr WQ + 1075F, 2 hr WQ
Air Melt Vacuum Induction
Form
21n Plate 2 In Plate
!Direction L T ST ST
Ftu- ksi 149 149 147 149
Fty- ksi 142 142 141 140
e(1 In) percent - - 7 17
e(2 In) percent
R.A. percent
20
65
20 -
59 23
-
61
rnnl:' ,.,,~
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
4.03 Welding
4.031 A large amount of work has been done to define Fe
production welding techniques with particular emphasis
on higb deposition rate welding. Recommendations for 5 Ni
GMA and SMA (covered electrode)welds have been
developed (1) (37). In addition, work ls now underway to 0.55 Cr
develop suitable techniques for hot wire GTA, narrow
gap GMA, pulsed arc GMA and sub arc weldmente (31). 0.47 Mo
One goal in the welding development has been to produce
an overmatching weld In terms of yield strength for a
0.075V
130 ksl yield strength parent metal and maintain
satisfactory toughness as measured by the charpy
Impact strength. This has been achieved for a 5Ni CrMoV
variety of welding conditions with the GMA and SMA
processes (Tables 4. 0311 and 4. 0312) using Mn- Nl-
Cr-Mo electrodes (Table 4.0313). Heavy walled
pressure vessels (one inch thick .wall) simulating
solld rocket motor cases have been made successfully
using GTA welding with a parent metal (5Nl-cr-Mo-V)
wire (see 3.02721). However, the 5Ni-cr-Mo-V
wire does not produce welds In heavier sections
(e. g. 4 1/2 inch) of sufficient hardenabillty to achieve
F ty = 130 ksl after a quench and temper treatment
(27). Quenching and tempering either the Mn-Ni-cr 4.0312 Recommended welding conditions for GMA and SMA
Moor 5Ni-cr-Mo-V weldmente results In a loss ln plate welding, Table 4. 0312.
impact strength but this ls less severe for the
5Ni-cr-Mo-V weldments (Table 4.03114). High TABLE 4.0312
temperature heat treatments such as might be
associated witb hot forming should be avoided since Source (!}_
considerable embrittlement can result (Table 4. 0315) Alloy Fe-.llC -5Nl-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
4.0311 Mlnlmum mechanical properties for GMA and SMA GV..A D.C. SMA Covered Electrode
weldments, Table 4. 0311. Weld Process
Reverse Polarity D.C. Reverse Polarity(b
Form(a) 1loch Plate 1/2 and 1 Inch
TABLE 4.0311
Equipment Manual or Automatic
Source (1)p.34 -73 Wire Composition See Table 4. 031:1 See Table 4. 0313
Alloy Fe-.llC-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V Preheat and Inter- 125 to 175 (1/8 inch
GMA Weld SMA (Covered Electrode) pass Temp-F 200 to 225 electrode)
Condition (For Conditions see Weld (For Conditions see 225 to 275 (5/32 & 3/16
Tables 4. 0312 and Tables 4.0312 and4,0313) electrode)
4.0313) ~mum Heat 45,000 40,000
Form 1loch Pate 1/2 & 1 loch Plate (a IJnput Joules per
Ftymln ksl 135 135 ~h I
!Position Flat Flat
e(2 In) ru1n -
pcroent 14 14 (a) For details of welding procedure for other plate thickness see (1)
ChurpyV (b) 750F to SOOF baking required, see (1)
ft -lb min
+30F 50 40
-60F 20 20
4.0313 Wire compositions for GMA and SMA welding,
(a) 5/32 and 3/16 diameter electrodes for 1 Inch plate Table 4. 0313.
1/8 inch diameter electrodes for 1/2 inch plate
TABLE 4,0313
~ ~
Source (l)p. 37 51 & 56
Allov Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo- 07V
Welding Process Gns Metal Arc (1)(4) (5) SMA 2)(3)
Wire Composition Mlll Max Min Max Min Max
Impact Specimen Location '"'ensUe Specimen Location
d =3/8 f~r 1 Inch Plate and
Carbon
Manganese
-
0.12
1.65 2.00
-
0.12
1.50 1.80
0.10
1.50 2.00
-
1/4 for 1/2 loch Plate Phosphorus
Sulphur
--
0.010
0.010
--
0.010
0.010
0.01
0.01 -
Silicon 0.30 0.50 (i,30 0.50 0.50 -
Copper
Nickel
-
0.15
1.80 2.20
-
0.15
2,50 2.90 2.00 2,75
Chromium 0.80 1.05 0.50 0.70 0.50 1.00
Molybdenum 0.40 0.60 0.75 0.95 0.30 0.60
Vanadium -
0.04 -
0.04 0.05 -
Titanium --
0.04 -
0,04
Zirconium 0.04 -
0.04
Aluminum --
0.04 -
0.04
Hydro goo
(1) Wire Composition
0.1)003 -
0.0003
,.'
TABLE 4. 0315
embrittlement in the GMA process than does a Mn-Nl-
Cr-Mo wire (Figure 4. 0332). Attempts to recover the
... ,
properties of stress relieved weldments by a 1150F
Source (27) Tables 5 & 6 heat treatment followed by water quenoh wero not
Alloy Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V successful for GMA welds made with Mn-Ni-cr-Mo
Form 1 Inch Plate wire (Figure 4. 0331) but were successful fnr both
parent metal and GMA.welds made with 5Nl-cr-Mo-V
Condition GMA Weld (1) 5Ni-cr-Mo-V Wire (see Table 1. 04) wire (Table 4.0333). Work is underway to develop a
1750F, 1hr 2200F, 1hr 2300F, lhr wire composition which will exhibit lt>:;s st..-ess reUef
Post WQ+ WQ+- WQ!- embrittlement than those now available.
Weld None 1500F,1hr 1500F, lhr 1650F, 1hr 4.0331 Effect of stress relief on impact streng!h nf GMA
Treatment WQ+- WQ+- WQI- Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo weldments, Figure 4.0331.
1125F, 1hr 1125F, .lhr 1500F, 1hr 4.0332 Effect of stress relief treatments on Impact strength
WQ WQ WQ
of GMA weldments with two filler wires, Figure
Ftu- ksi 156 148 143 147 4.0332.
Fty- ksi 136 140 136 139 4.0333 Effect of GMA welding on tensile properties of plate,
R.A. Table 4,0333.
Percent 55 61 64 58
IECharpyV TABLE 4.0333
at30F 59 67 39 35
-50F 53 ~urce (29) Tables 7 & 8
24 12 25
Alloy Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.\l7V
(1) For specimen location see Table 4.0311
Form 1 Inch Plate
l::ondltion GMA Weld5NI-cr-Mo-VWire Parent Metal
Ae Weld+ Weld+ No S.R. S.R. +
Weld S.R.(1) S.R. + S.R. (1) 1150F,
l150F, WQ WQ
Ftu- ksl 150 133 131 142 139 134
Fty- ksl 131 122 120 134 131 129
~.A.
Percent 59 63 65 70 66 68
pharpyV
t -lbs
(2)- (3) 77 9 81 86 39 88
4.034 Crack strength. Surface crack testa or GTA (5Nl-cr- 4.0352 Sustained load crack failure behavior In three percent 11
Mo-V wire weldmenta reveal very high tougbness In NaCl solution for plata welded by several processes, Fe 1
both the weld metal and HAZ (Table 4.0341, see also Figure 4. 0352.
4.0341
3.02721).
Surface crack strength or GTA weldmenta tested In air
In 3. 5 percent NaCl, Table 4. 0341.
4.0?.53 Sustained load crack failure behavior In three percent
NaCl solution for two orientations In SMA welda,
Figure 4. 0353.
5 Ni
0.55 Cr
l
4.036 Fatigue. Tbe low cycle fatigue behavior or GMA welda
TABLE 4.0341 tasted In cantilever bending is essentially the same In
0.47 Mo
Source (33) Table 17 alr and ASTM synthetic sea water. SMA welds tested 0.075V
In air appear to have poorer properties than tbe GMA
Alloy Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V
welda.
Form 11Dch Plate (Ftv = 137 Ksl) 4.0361 Low cycle fatigue behavior or GMA. and SMA welda 1n
1500F, 1 br WQ + 1140F, 1 br WQ + GTA Weld alr and ASTM sea water, Figure 4.0361.
5Ni CrMoV
Condition o. 062 Inch diameter, 5Nl-<:r-Mo-V Wire,
40 passe!!, 200F preheat, Fty =150 Ksi 4. 05 Surface Treatment
Type or Test Static Sustained Load
Gross Stress =109 Ksi
Environment Alr 3.5 Percent NaCl
Flaw Location Weld ~ HAZ Weld t HAZ
Flaw Size
2c-lncb 2.25 2.28 2.22 7.37
a -Inch 0.65 0.62 0.67 0.65
Failure Ume br - - 20.2 24.1
Net Fracture
Strength - ksl 145 146 134 151
_L
~I
D
1 ~ --+ID Surface Crack Specimen
Tl 7
-1
\
4.0351
data does not apply to the same size specimens In both
cases.
General. Corrosion of parent metal, weld r.1otal and 26 ,---t--J,
'
Source
Alloy
HAZ In sea watar, Table 4.0351.
TABLE 4.0351
'(14) Figures 9,10 and 11
Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V
24
400 600 600 1000
1 r
1206 1400
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
Form 1/2 IDch Plata (1)
FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
Condition 1500F 1 hour WQ + 1120F 1 hour W +GMA Weld
HARDNESS OF STRESS RELIEVABLE PLATE
Flowing Tide Total Marlne(Z) (31) TABLE 13
Environment
Water Zone Immersion Atmosphsre
1300 t. ._)
Fe Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-,07V
5 Ni
0.55 Cr
1200 r--1-- --- ---
At
1---..... ~--
----
0.47 Mo ( A+F
0.075V 1100
r..
5 Ni CrMoV A
[;!1000
~
:IS 900
- f..,----
(~
r.l
E-o A+F+C
800
!--
M~l_ :1_~v
- t--- t---
~PERCENT-
--- --
700
600
100 10 10.~ 10.~ 10,4 10,s
TIME, SECOND
..........
14r-----~------r---~----,
--
11/4 INCH PLATE
o FLOWING WATER rtSTM SEA WATER
0
!:>.
TIDE ZONE
TOTAL IMMERSION 200 ~
'V MARINE
ATMOSPHERE
(Kl."RE BEACH
.. ....
80FT LOT)
~ .... ~
~- A-
.........
"- ... ...
......
FTY
~~-
._
....
-
0 NO PRESTRAIN 138 KSI
6 1 PERCENT STRAIN 146
0
0
5 PERCENT STRAIN
oTESTS IN AIR
158
""
FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIG 2. 034
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0 0.5 1. 0 1.5 2.0
TIME YEARS TIME, HOUR
FIG. 2. 032 GENERAL CORROSION OF PLATE IN MARINE FIG. 2.033 SUSTAINED LOAD CRACK FAILURE BEHAVIOR OF PLATE
ENVlRONMENTS (14) FIG. 8 ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER AS INFLUENCED BY PLASTIC
STRAIN (25) TABLES A6 -AS
IVUn
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
300
Fe-.llC -5Nl-.55C r- .47Mo-. 07 10000 . . - - - - - - - - . - - - - - . . . . . - - -
Fe-.11C-5 N1-. 55Cr-,47M o-. 07V
liNCH PLATE FTY= 135 KSI
1500F, 40 MIN WQ + 1150F, 1 HOUR WQ
liNCH PLATE Fe
SCATTER BAND FOR 2 HEATS
250 FTY =134 AND 145 KSI 5 Ni
e ARTIFJCIAL SEA W1TER (ASTM)
A NO STRAIN CATHODIC POLAR. RW AND WR DmECTIO NS 0.55 Cr
I 0 5 PERCENT STRAIN -1.2V 3 PERCENT NaCl
c F AlLURE IN AIR 0.47M o
I~
A
- 0.075V
5Ni CrMoV
""
~
r-- -u ~
~r-__
~
50
0~"CO 1 ) lYE:~ - CRACK
LENGTH
0 REVERSED CANTILEVER
FATIGUE CRACKED
CANTILE VER BEND SPECIMEN BENDING R = -1
1----fA~c._
WITH 0,10 INCH DEEP, 0.01 INCH
RADIUS SIDE GROOVE
SPECIME N SAME AS FIG. 3.052 EXCEPT
I ENGRAVED NOTCH l/161NCH DEEP
0 40 80 120 160 200 X l/161NCH LONG
200
Fe-.11C- 5NI-.55C r-,47Mo- .07V
21NCH PLATE
1650F, 1 HOUR WQ + 1500F, 1 HOUR WQ
+ 1050F, 2 HOUR WQ
150
r-
100
-
FTY 137 Kal
E 29500 KJsl
En (NECKING) & 0. 07
50
-
0 .~ .M
I I
.00 .08
STRAIN INCH PER INCH
FIG, 3.0211 STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR PLATE 11) FIG. 11
rcun
FERR OUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
200
Fe Fe-.11C- 5Ni-.55C r-.47Mo- .0'1V
1 X 1 X 10 INCH CASTING
5 Ni (. 84Cr, .16V)
180 1700F, 7 HOUR WQ+ 1500F, 2 HOUR WQ
0.55 Cr f' + TEMPER 1 HOUR WQ
0.47 Mo
0.075V 160
5 Ni CrMoV
~
140 ... ....--- FTY~ ~
~
120
c
80
"'
60 ~ ~ ~
RA
~
f&l
40
~
f&l
Jl.
20 e(1 IN)
.....
200
~ 900
AS QUENCH
0
1000 1100
Fe-.11C- 5Nl-.55C r-.47 Mo-.07V
1200
1 TO 1 1/2 IN PLATE
TEMPERING TEMPERA TURE F 1501F, lint WQ + TEMPER lint WQ
FIG. 3.0212 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA TURE ON 180
200
TENSILE PROPERT IES OF CASTING (16) TABLE 7
160
180
180
Fe-.11C- 5NI.-.55C r.-.47Mo -.07V 160 ~
1500F, lint WQ+1140F. li!R WQ
~
160
0
L
T
120
~
8'V -~ 100
0
0
0
""
--- R.A
e(1 IN)
~
-<
10
1/2 1 11/2 2
THICKNE ss- INCH
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF PLATE TffiCKNESS ON
TilE TENSILE PROPERT IES
(1)TABLE 14 1000 1100 1200 1300
TEMPER ATURE
FIG. 3.11215 EFFECT OF TEMPER ING TEMPERA TURE ON
TENSILE
PROPERT IES OF PLATE FROM SEVERAL IIEJ..TS 1491f191
RELEASED: MARCH ~969 FERROUS ALLOYS
200
Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr- .47Mo-. 07V
2 INCH Pl,o\TE
1500F, 2 HOUR WQ + TEMPER 1 HOUR, WQ
180 ~(5.49NI, 0.18Mn, 0.74Cr)
'-,
200
5
Fe
Ni
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
I'......_
160 '-... 180 0.075V
~~--<)
140 1---
e L ~\ FTU
160
5 Ni CrMoV
~
0 T
~
.....
- - - __.,_.
I
I
::> ~-- ~
~ ><
!-<
:'120 140 I><
~\
~\
100
,, FTY
120
80
e-o
, v
100
--- ---RA-~~
0
!-< 60
z
~
g
~
"' 40
..... ,
20
c!e- - 1- +--or
___,
v
.. 260
180
va
. ... 200
FTY
/ - J I --
160
80
vo ...
CENTER HEAT RATE
NO RAPID HEAT
-
2. SF PER SECOND } INDUCTION
16F PER SF.C:OND HEATING
180
!GO
60
~ ... -. . ...
~ RA
!-< I
l:'i 40
;<> <'>
g
~
20
- -- -
"' e(1IN)
0
0 2 4 6 s 10
NUMBER OF RAPID HEAT+ WQ CYCLES
FIG. 3.0217 EFFECT OF RAPID AUSTENmZlNG ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF PLATE (17) TABLE 3
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
180
A l'ri'-"/
Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V
Fe PLATE
Fe-.uc -6Ni-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
1 X 1 X 10 INCH CASTING
5 Ni 1500F, 2 HOUR WQ + TEMPER 1 HOUR, WQ (.84Cr, .16V)
160 (5.49Ni, 0.18 Mn, 0.74Cr)
L ~ 160 1700F, 7 HOUR WQ + 1500F, 2 HOUR, WQ
0.55 Cr + TEMPER 1 HOUR, WQ
0.47 Mo
140
t..--- FTY -~
0.075V 140 !.--
e 1 INCH
~ o 2 INCH Fey
5Ni CrMoV 120
120
80 />
100 L------L----~~----~----~------~
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
60
- r
FIG. 3.0222
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
/.I
......- __.. .........
40 I--
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF PLATE
(31) TABLE 13
IECHARPYV
ZERO DEGREE-F
20 ._./'
160 160
~ 120 140
~
80 120
0 ...A L
T
100
40
140
100
e(2 IN) 80
OL-----~----~----~----- -~-----L----~
-400 o 4oo 800 1200 1eoo 2000 "'~ IE CHARPY V
TEMPERATURE F 60
!-<'
ZERO DEGREES-F
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF PLATE (9) TABLE 5 and 6
""
40
0.05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30
CARBONCONTENT, PERCENT
FIG. 3. 0333 EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT ON ZERO DEGREES
F IMPACT STRENGTH OF PLATE (1) HG. 4
r-euH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
180
Fe-.11C-5N1-.55Cr-.47Mo- .07V
200 - 300 LB IND. VAC MELT Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo- .07V
LABORATORY HEATS
Fe
1/2 IN PLATE (,25- .27 Mn)
160 1500F, 1/2 HOUR WQ + llOOF, 1/2 INCH PLATE 5 Ni
160 1500F, 1/2 HOUR WQ + TEMPER 1/2 HOUR
1/2 HOUR WQ
0.55 Cr
~
140
120
OQ
. ~
RTFTY
I .
0
~
140
I ll.
A
c
I
0
I
RT FTY
I
;t-, c
Cj!!.
'
(
0.47 Mo
0.075V
;
100 TEMPER, F
160
1000 1200
80 ~ 120
[\
0
300 LB IND
VAC. MELT
~~ t:-.......
.a.
~~
Do 100 LB AIR MELT
0 rn
e3 80
--... ~
'
I
~
IECHARPYV -80F f-o
...... l l . -
~r--
0 r..
40
0 40 80 120 160 200
40 t-- r---
OXYGEN, PPM IECHARPYV
FIG. 3,0334 ZERO DEGREES-F
EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON -80F IMPACT STRENGTH
OF LOW MANGANESE PLATE AS TEMPERED AND
AFTER STRESS RELIEF (5) TABLE 3
0
.003 .007
SULPHUR, PERCENT
.015 .019 023 ....
0""
~~-
0 c
~ 140 120~--~--~---r-------,
RTFTY
Fe-.UC-5N1-.55Cr-.47Mo- .07V
21NCH PLATE
120
1650F, 1 HOUR WQ + 1500F, 1 HOUR WQ
-~
100 < 100
' + 1050F, 2 HOUR WQ
\ . .
80 - 80 RT FTY ~ 150 KSI
60 \ 0
AS TEMPERED
1000F, 125 HOUR
-
rn
e3 60~---4----~----~--~~--~
L&T
~ I
40 ~
~ li'
f-o
r..
20 !E CHAR'?YV
-80F
0 I I
0 0.01 0,02 0.03 0.04 -400 -300 -200 -100 100
PHOSPHOROUS, PERCENT
TEMPERATURE F
FIG. 3, 0335 EFFECT OF PHOSPHOROUS ON THE -BOF IMPACT FIG. 3,0337 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURES ON TilE
STRENGTH OF LOW MANGANESE PLATE AS IMPAC1' STRENGTH OF PLATE (11) TABLE AS
TEMPERED AND AFTER STRESS RELIEF
(5) TABLE 3
FER ROU S ALLO YS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
200
Fe Fe-.llC -5NI-. 55C r-. 47Mo-. 07V
5 21NCH PLATE
Ni 1650F, 1 HOUR WQ + 1501!F
180
0.55 Cr 1 HOUR WQ + lOS OF, 2 HOUR WQ
0.47 Mo
0.075 V - 160
!2
5NiC rMoV
120 L T
80
AS DEFOR MED
- 0 DEFOR MED+
-- 6 1025F, 2 HOUR
60
CHARP Y V -80F
0~----~----~--~~--~
0 z 4 6 8
180r-----------
~--------------
STRAIN , PERCE NT ~----~--------~
Fe-.11C -5NI-,5 5Cr-.47 Mo-.07 V
FIG. 3. 0338 EFFEC T OF COLD DEFORMATION 1/2 to 5/8 INCH PLATE
(BENDING) AND STRESS RELIEF ON HEAT TREAT lOOOF HOLD. COOL 200F PER
LOW TEMPE RATUR E IMPAC T HOUR ,.,.
PROPE RTIES OF PLATE (11) TABLE S A2-All 160
(12\ TABLE S 2 and 3 OF -80F
140
....
o
6
1500F, 2 HR (BLOW ER COOL) + 1050F, 2 HOUR
l500F, 40 MIN WQ + 1165F, 40 MIN
Cl 1500F, 40 MlN WQ + llSOF, 30 MIN
"'II:
.l
!00
!-<
:".a..
80
'' ~.
0~--------~--~---------L--~-----
5 10 ---_J
100 500
TIME AT 1000F, HRS
-f i>
FIG. 3,0339 EFFEC T OF STRESS RELIEF TIME
ON LOW TEMPE RATUR E "(J<
IMPAC T STREKGTH Or HEATS WITH SEVER
AL DIFFER ENT
MANGANESE CONTENTS (1) FIG. 7 (20) FIG.
A-2 and A-3
~un
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERRO US ALLOY S
180
Fe-.11C-5N I-.55Cr-.47M o-. 07V
PLATE (5.49 Nl, .18Mn, 74Crl Fe
1500F, 2 HOUR WQ +TEMPER 1 HOUR WQ
160 5 Ni
0.55 Cr
140 0.47 Mo
0.075V
~
120
5 Ni CrMoV
L T
...
100
0 liNCH PLATE
120 2 INCH PLATE
A
20 0
FTY
18
,/v T
16
2
J/
a? <>
g 10 .........
~t-
.
....
0
v-
1, 0
/ AVERAGE GRAINS PER SQUARE
INCH AT X100
6 o< <'>
.,
~
40 r'-- ~
I
r----
T
t:
....
IE CHARPYV ZERO DEGREES-F
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
NUMBER OF RAPID HEAT (16F PER
SECOND)+ WQ CYCLES
FIG. 3.03314 EFFECT OF RAPID AUSTENITIZING ON GRAIN
SlZE AND ZERO DEGREES F IMPACT STRENGTH
OF PLATE (17) T.ABLE 3
rt:un
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
Fe
5 Ni
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
0.075V
5Ni CrMoV
40
IE CHARPY V ZERO DEGREE8-F
(*)AS QUENCHED
220 ~----~-----r----~------~----~
Fe-.11C-5N1-.55Cr-.47Mo -.07V
2 INCH PLATE
0
150
147
L HEAT A
L}HEAT
t::. 147 T B
160 COMPACT
TENSION
SPECIMEN
B =1Y,. = 2 INCH
120 2
Klc
~
80
~
40
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERATURE F
FIG. 3.03722 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON PLANE
STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF PLATE FROM
TWO HEATS (40)
FeUH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
80 Klc
l
f 1.3
~
~
I
40
T
FATIGUE CRACKED
{)
BEND SPECIMEN
20
-300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERAT URE F
i FIG. 3,03723 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERAT URE
'--~ ON PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
OF PLATE (21) FIG. 5
160r-----~------r-------
-~
Fe-.11C-5N I-.55Cr-.47 Mo-.07V
liN PLATE
1500F, lHR WQ + llSOF, lHR WQ
(RT FTY= 143 KSI)
120
160
Fe Fe- .11C-5Ni-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
liN PLATE
5 Ni 1500F, lHR WQ + 1160F, lHR WQ (FTY=143 KSI)
0.55 Cr
-r-- I""- ........
120
0.47 Mo SOOF
0.075V
~ 80
90~ ~ ....
5Ni CrMoV
~~
40
1~ ~
~ ~
~
I'-iC>-- .A
r-
0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
TIME, HR
, .. ,
10-1
Fc-.11C-5Ni-.55 Cr-.47Mo-.07V
liNCH PLATE
:::: 1500F, 40 MIN WQ + 1150F, 1 HOUR WQ
~
~
r.:l
p..
::::
0
AIR
ASTM SEA WATER
~
r.:l
0 lo-2
'
~
I iS
I ~
I ...:l
<
CANTILEVER
BEND SPECIMEN
I E-o
0 WIDTH =2 1/2 INCH
E-o
20CPM
10-3
10 2 103 10 4 105 106
'3 CYCLES TO FAILURE (3/16 IN CRACK)
~ FIG. 3.051 LOW CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF PLATE IN AIR
AND SYNTHETIC SEA WATER (13) page 15 and 16
ll
FeUH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
o.o25r---------~----~----------~--~----------,
Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V Fe
1 INCH PLATE (FTY= 147 KSI)
5 Ni
0.020 0.55 Cr
Kt=1 Kt=6 0.47 Mo
0
.t.
A
AIR, 1CPM
SALTWATER
0.075V
(SERVERN RIVER)
0.3CPM
5 Ni CrMoV
21/4 R
~
t~--- ~
0.010
~F
0
CANTILEVER -......:.
t V BEND SPECIMENS ~
0,005 ~ 2 1/ZINCH WIDE
.010R~0.01
NOTCH DETAIL Kt = 6
0~--------~~~~------~----~~----~
102 103 104
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.052 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATIONS AND BRACKlSH RIVER WATER
ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATE (18) App, A
120
Fe-.11C-5Ni-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
!
2 INCH PLATE
1500F, 13/4 HOUR WQ + 1050F, 2 HOUR WQ (FTY= 148 KSI)
100 Kt =I Kt= 6
~
\ Am
~
0 [;. SALTWATER
(SERVERN RIVER)
80 \
\ \ p --~
------..~
60 \ \
~
\'
\ .....
\ ~
'\
\
""
20
ROTATING
CANTILEVER
R= -1 A =00
- ~" " o-.....,_
'r--- ..............
, ..,_,
0
10>3
I
10 4 10 5 10 6
CYCLES TO FAILURE
10 7
"-........
~......_
- r--
'l;)......_
k._
FIG. 3. 053 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATIONS AND BRACKISH RIVER WATER ON FATIGUE STRENGTH
OF PLATE (18) App. A
FERROUS ALLOYS RELE:ASED: MARCH 1969
:~ ),'
35,---------~----------~--------~ '-.,. .1
5Ni CrMoV
~ 20r-----------~------------~~~~~----~
0
0
~
TENSION
LANDT
5r----------+----------~--~~--~
3sr-----------~----------~----------~
KSI Fe-.llC -5NI-.55Cr-.47Mo-, 07V
FIG, 3.0641 RANGE OF TANGENT AND SECANT TENSION MODULI FOR 1/2 TO 21NCH PLATE
PLATE OF SEVERAL THICKNESSES (8) QUENCH AND TEMPER (FCYQ 140 to 148 KSI)
20
~
0
0
15
....0
10 COMPRESSION
LANDT
';::.
'
5
OL---------~----------~----~--~
,. 40 80 120 160
KSI
FIG, 3. 0642 RANGE OF TANGENT AND SECANT COMPRESSION MODULI
FOR PLATE OF SEVERAL THICKNESSES (8)
FeUH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
L'
160 120
Fe-.11C-5 NJ-.55Cr -.47Mo-.0 7V
Fe-.11C- 5NI-.55C r-.47Mo- . 07V
1 1/2 INCH PLATE
1 :;NOH PLATE Fe
1500F. 40 M1N WQ + 1130F 1 1/2 HR WQ
GMA WELD Mn-NJ-Qr -Mo-WIR E
140
100 (see TABLE 4.0313) +STRESS RELIEF
5 Ni
ROLLING RATIO
FOR SPECIME N LOCATION SEE TABLE 4,0311 0.55 Cr
120
0
0.9:1 FTy= 140 KSI
1. 8:1 F TY = 146 KSI 80
TEST TEMPERA TURE F 0.47 Mo
rn 750 00 0.075V
~
I
!-< 100 60
0
0
S.R. 16 HOUR
S. R. 100 HOUR }
COOL
200F/HR 5Ni CrMoV
6 S. R. 16 HOUR + 100F/ HR
"" ..... i TO 1150F, WQ
~
'q
80
' 40
' ~~
-4
60 IECHAR PYV
ZERO DGREES -F
'------ 20
0 ~ .-
40 I IECHAR PYV
0
0 30
60 90 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150
SPECIMEN ORIENTATION-DEGREE
TEMPERA TURE F
FIG. 4. 0121 EFFECT OF SPEelMA N ORIENTATION ON
FIG .. 0331 EFFECT OF STRESS RELIEF ON IMPACT STRENGTH
ZERO DEGREES F IMPACT STRENGTH OF
OF GMA Mn-Nt-cr -Mo WELDMENTS (29) TABLES 3,
PLATES GIVEN DIFFERE NT ROLLING
4 and 6
RATIOS. (RATIO OF THICKNESS REDUCTION
IN FINAL, I. E. LONGITUDINAL, DffiECTION
TO PRIOR REDUCTION IN TRANSVERSE
DmECTIO N) (1) (4)
t.
140 . . - - - - . . . - - - - . . . . - - - - - - - . . - - - - - . ,
Fe-.11C- 5NI-. 55Cr-;47Mo-. 07V
1 INCH THICK PLATE
0,045 INCH 5N1.Cr-M o-V wmE 1oor----...-----r---
---~---...----~
120 1---- --.--- -...,- ----- ..---- -i Fe-.11C- 5NI-.55C r-.47Mo- . 07V
CONV. 1 INCH PLATE
GTA GMA WELDED (FTY= 140-145 KSI)
100 HOTWIRE 80
GTA I CONV. C Mn-Nt-cr -Mo wmE (TABLE 4.0313)
I GMA I o e SCr-Mo-V WIRE (TALBE 1.04)
rn
I I
Pl 80
.... 60
I I
f-<
"" 60 OF
/
~ 40
1025 F LB HR
/
/ 200 F /HR COOL l_
-
f-<
8 LB /HRRAT E "' /
44 Kj /IN (ARC) 20
20
.,...
IE CHARPY V (SEE TABLE 4.0311) IECHAR PYV
0 L-_ _ _. __ _ _. __ _ _ ~--~
0
10 15 20 25 30 -120 -40-so 0 40 80
NUMBER OF WELD BEADS TEMPERA TUllE F
FIG. 4. ~ 121 IMPACT STRENGTH OF WELDS MADE BY FIG. 4.0332 EFFECT OF STRESS RELIEF TREATMENTS ON
IMPACT
SEVERAL PROCESSES AS INFLUENCED BY THE STRENGTH OF GMA WELDMENTS WITH TWO FILLER WIRES
NUMBER OF BEADS (32) FIG. 4 (28) FIG. 8
r-eUH
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
Fe
5 Ni
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
0.075V
5 Ni CrMoV
180
Fe-.11C-5Ni-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
2 INCH PLATE WELDMENTS
160
140
120
~~
'f. 100
~
I'
'1.
' 80
A TESTED IN Alll.
~
t, 0
~
1:. A } SEE TABLE 4. 0313)
GO
-
UJ
::.:
0 0 GMA INTERRUPTED
All.C (WIRE TABLE 4.0313)
I
I
.05 IN DEEP, 0.01 IN RADIUS
,. (! 40
I===::;;:;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;J _[ "V" NOTCH SIDE GROOVES
II
''V" NOTCH AT WELD
20 I'QI=== ~ PARALLEL TO WELD
T -
0.2 IN FATIGUE CRACK
FATIGUE CRACKED CANTILEVER BEND
SPECIMEN-NOT CH SECTION (SEE ALSO FIG. 4.0353)
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
TIME HOURS
FIG. 4.0352 SUSTAINED LOAD CRACK FAILURE BEIIAVIOil. IN 3 PEil.CENT
NaCI FOil. PLATE WELDED BY SEVERAL PROCESSES (34)
TABLES A-1 to A3
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
.~ '.
":;,
1Sor-----~-----T----~------~-----r----~
Fe-.11C-6N1-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V Fe
2 INCH PLATE.
SMA WELD FLAT (ELECTRODE TABLE 4.0313) 5 Ni
160 WEI.O FTV = 136 KBI
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
0.075V
5 Ni CrMoV
120
oCRACK PARALLEL
.c.CRACK PERPENDICULAR
~
Too
80
~I ,
>..
'
45o "
I '
IP
a 60 2 w
::.::
_L ~ IP
CRACK J. TO WELD CRACK II TO WELD
40
"'-<,
20
0
UITJmr- 10-+- 7
FATIGUE CRACK
) SIDE GROOVED
CANTILEVER
BEND SPECIMEN
(SEE ALSO
FIG. 4. 0352)
.o2or-------------~------~----------~--------~------------~
Fe-.11C-6N1-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
1 INCH PLATE WELDED
0 D
Am
ABTM SEA WATER
} GMA 1/16" ELECTRODE
320 AMPS 12 lPM
.016
.c. AIR-BMA 3/16 ELECTRODE, 210 AMPS, 51PM
0~~------------~-----L~
104
--------~~------~------
10 5
----~
103
NUMBER OF CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 4.0361 LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF GMA WELDS IN AIR AND ABTM SEA WATER
(26) page 14 and 25
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
'
1\.
REFERENCES
Fe
1. L. F. Porter et. al., "The Development or an Hy130(T)
5 Ni Steel Weldment," u.s. Steel Applied Research
Laboratory, Report 39. 018-001 (64), NOBS 88540
0.55 Cr (July 1, 1966)
2. "Interim SpecificaUon Cor Hy130 and Hy140 Steel
0.47 Mo Plates," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory
0.075V (March 16, 1966)
3. S.J. Manganello, L.F. Porter, and R.J. Sitko,
"Efiect of Sulphur on Mechanical Properties o( :; Nl-
Cr-Mo Steel," Ibid Report No. 39.018-001 (45),
5Ni CrMoV NOBS 88540 (July 1, 1965)
4. S.J. Manganello and L.F. Porter, "ECfect of Rolling
Ratio on the Anlsotrophy or 5Ni-Cr-Mo Steel Plates,"
lbld Report No. 40.018-001 (36), NOBS 88540
(December 1, 1964)
5. S.J. Manganello, L.F. Porter, and R.J. Sitko,
"Efiect of Variations in Phosphorus, Vanadium,
Nitrogen, Aluminum, and Oxygen on the Mechanical
Properties o( 5NI-Cr-Mo Steel," lbld Report No.
39.018-013 (1), NOBS 94535 (FBM) (January 1, 1967)
6. Ibid, "Suitahlllty of 5Ni-Cr-Mo Steels as Forgings,"
U.S. Steel Applied Research Laboratory, Report No.
39.018-001 (53) (January 1, 1966)
7. s. J. Manganello, L. F. Porter, F. W. Simpson, and
R.W. Zahelsky, Ibid Report No. 39.018-001 (57)
(January 1, 1966)
8. T.L. Bohlenz, J.M. Fisher, and s. T. Rolfe, "Secant
and Tangent Moduli Values Cor 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steel,"
lbld Report No. 39.018-001 (54) (January 1, 1966)
9. S.R. Novak, J.A. Kozub, and s. T. Rolfe, "Short
Time Cryogenic and Elevated Temperature Tensile
Properties of HySO, 5Ni-Cr-Mo and 21/4Cr-1Mo
Steels," Ibid Report No. 39.018-001 (50)
(November 1, 1965)
10. A. H. Rosenstein and M.R. Gross, "Properties or
Hy130, 5NI-Cr-Mo-VSteel," Summary, Naval Ship
Research and Development Center, Marine Engineering
Laboratory, Report 2448 (September, 1967)
11. T. L. Boblenz and s. T. Rolfe, "Efiect or Cold Forming
on Charpy V-Notch Impact Properties or 5NI-Cr-Mo-V
Steel," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory Report
No. 39.018-001 (46), NOBS 88540 (July 1, 1965)
12. Dlid, "ECfect of Cold Forming on Tensile and Compres-
sive ProperUes of 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steel," U.S. Steel
Applied Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.018-001
(55), NOBS 88540 (Jan!W")' 1, 1966)
13. lbld, "Corrosion FaUgue CharacterisUcs of HySO,
5Ni-Cr-Mo-V, 12Ni-5Cr-3Mo and 18Ni-8Co-3Mo
Steels," Ibid Report No. 39.018-002 (37), NOBS
88540 (January 1, 1966)
14. A. W. Loglnow, "Cor~'llslon and Stress Corrosion
of Hy130 (T) and HySO Steel in Marine Envirorunents,"
lbld Report No. 39.001-100 (2) (July 15, 1967)
15. L. P. Connor, L. F. Porter, s. T. Rolfe, "Second
Progress Report: Extended lnvesUgaUon of Hy130/150
Weldments," U.S. Steel Applied Research Laboratory,
Report No. 39.018-016 (4), NOBS 94535 (FBM)
(August 1, 1967)
16. L. F. Porter ct. al., "Eighth Progress Report
Development of an Hy130/150 Wcldment," U.s. Steel
Applied Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.018-001
(58), NOBS 88540 (January 1, 1966)
17. D.S. Dabkowski and L. F. Porter, "Effect of Rapid
Heat TreaUng Parameters on the Mechanical Properties
of 5NI-Cr-Mo-V Steel," U.S. Steel Applied Research
Laboratory, NOBS 94535 (FBM), Report No. 39.018-
007 (13) (August 1, 1967)
18. R.C. Schwab and M.R. Gross, "FaUgue Properties of
5NI-Cr-Mo-V, Hy130/150 Steel," Marine Engineering
Laboratory (MEL), Report 365/65 (October 1965)
19. W.H. Asche and M.R. Gross, "Effect of Tempering
on the Strength, Hardness, and Notch Toughness of
Hy130/150, 5NI-Cr-Mo-V Steel," Marine Engineering
Laboratory (MEL), Report 7J./66 (March, 1966)
.RELEASED: MARCH 1969 ~L..L..V ,_,
20. G. C. Carter, T. L. Boblenz, IUIII L. F. Porter, 41. L.F. Porter, G.C. Carter, and S.J. Manganello,
"Effect of Cold Deformation and Stress Relief "A Study o[ Temper Embrlttlement During Strer. Fe
Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Standard Relieving of 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels," ASTM STP oW~
and Low Manganese Hyl30 (T) Steel," u.s. Steel page 20 5 Ni
Applied Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.018-013 42. S. T. Rolfe, "Formability of Thick 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V
(4), NOBS 94535 (FBM) (August 1, 1967) Steel Plat6s," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory 0.55 Cr
21. A.K. Shoemaker, and s. T. Rolfe, "Static and Dynamic Report No. 39.018-001 (40) (March 1, 1965) 0.47 Mo
Low-Temperature Kic Behavior of Steels," Ibid 43. T. W. Crooker and E.ll. Lange, "Corrosion Fatigue
Report No. 39.018-007 (16), NOBS 94535 (FBM) Crack Propagation in Modern High Performance 0.075V
Structural Steels", Trans ASM Volume 60, 1967, p,l98. L-----~
(December 29, 1967)
22. D.P. Clausing, "Effect of Stress Relief Treatments 44. i:l.J. Manganello et.al., "Development of a IUgb Tough-
on Dimensional Stability of Hy130Cf) Steel Compo- ness Alloy Plate Steel with a Minimum Yield Strength 5 Ni CrMoV
nents," Ibid (August 1, 1967) o[ 140 ksi," Welding Journal (November 1964) page 1
23. W. F. Domis, "creep and Creep Rupture Propertie~ of 45. A.M. Rathbone, L. P. Connor, and J.H. Gioss,
Hy80 and Hy130(T) Steels," U.s. seel Applied ; ''Weldability of a mgh Toughness Alloy Plate steel
Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.012-006 (1) With a Minimum Y!ctd Strength of 140 ksi," Ibid
(July 15, 1968) (Decembr, 1,54.) page 8
24. H. P. Leckie and A. W. Loglnow, "A Comparison of 46. K,E. Dorschu and A. Lesnew!ch, "Development of a
the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Some High Strength Filler Metal for a IUgh Toughness Alloy Plate \\1 th a
Steels," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory, Minimum Yield ftrength of 140 ksi," Ibid (December,
Report No. 39.001-001 (2), NOBS 94535 (FBM) 1964) page 21
(July 15, 1968) 47. S.T. :'lolfe, R,P. Haak, andJ.H. Gross,
25. S.R. Novak, "Effect of Plastic Strain on the Klscc "structural Suitability of a High Toughness Alloy Plate
Weldment \\1 th a Minimum Yield Strength of 140 ksi,"
of Hy80, Hy130 (T) and 12Ni-5Cr-3Mo steels", Ibid (J"->lury, 1965) page 34
Ibid Report No. 39.018-007 (20) (January 1, 1968) 48. Material:. Development and Application Offlce,NA VSEC
26. T. L. Boblenz and s. T. Rolfe, "l.Dw Cycle Fatigue Code 61010, Washington, D.C.
Characteristics of Hy130 Cf) Weldments," Ibid Report 49. L,F, Porter, U.S. Steel, Personal Communication
No. 39.018-006 (6), Ibid (June 1, 1967) w\th w. F. Brown Jr. (1968)
27. R. M. Orehoski, J.P. Paulina, and A, M. Rathbone,
"Effects of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical
Properties of Hy130 (T) Steel Weld Metals," Ibid
Report No. 39.018-014 (1) (January 1, 1967)
28. L. F. Porter, A.M. Rathbone and s. T. Rolfe,
"First Progress Report, EXtended lnvesllgaUon of
Hy130/150 Weldments," Ibid Report No. 39.018-016
(1) (January 1, 1967)
29. P. J. Konkol, "Stress Relief Embrittlement of Hy130
(T) Weld Metals," Ibid Report No. 39.018-013 (2)
(August 1, 1967)
30. L.P. Connor, L.F. Porter, and S.T. Rolfe,
"Third Progress Report, Extended Investigation of
Hy130/150 Weldments," Ibid Report No. 39.018-016
(8) (January, 1968)
31. Ibid, "Fourth Progress Report, Extended Investigation
of Hy130/150 Weldmcnts," Ibid Report No. 39.018-
016 (9) (July 1, 1968)
32. J. J. Pepe, "Preliminary Study of tlul Hot Wire GTA
Welding Process", Ibid Report Nr,. ~9.018-017 (1)
(.Tanuary 1, 1968)
33. C. F. Tiffany, J.N. Masters, tllld H. E. Regen, "A
study of Weldments and Pressur Ves~els made of
l!y150 Steel Plates," The Boeing c.~mPIIIY NASA
CR. 72155 (Jonuary 1967)
34. J.H. Smith and S.J. Rolfe, "Effects oi Welding
Position and Progress on the KlscQ.. of Hy130 (T)
Weld Metals," U.S. Stoel Applied itescarch
Laboratory, Report No. 39,018-016 (7), NOBS
94535 (FBM) (January 1, 1968)
35. J.ll. Smith and S. T. Rolfe, "Efiect of Notch
Orientation on Klscc o[ Weld Metal," Ibid Report NP.
37.018-016 (5) (December 29, 1967)
36. J. P. Paulina and L. F. Porter, "Microstructures In
lly130(T) Steel Plates," Ibid Report No. 39,018-006 ('1.)
(July 1, 1968)
37. Interim Technical Data, Hy130(T} and Hyl40(T),
U.S. Steel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
36. AST!II A579-67 Alloy 12, ASTIII Standards Pt4,
January 1968) page 890
39. "I..:Jrgc Motor Case Technology Evaluntion. 11 First
Year Summary Progress Report, The Boeing Company,
AF Contract AF33(615) -1623(Junc, 1965)
40. s. T. RolCe, "Cooperative Program on Testing o[
Medium Strength !Ugh Toughness Materials, letter to
J.l\1. Kraft, Chairman, ASTM E24, Slb W
(September 27, 1968)
'... ---~
I ,._'-'I I
1. GRNERAL 1.072 Bar, tubing and forgings are usually supplied In the nor-
3QOM Is an ultra high strength low alloy steel which malized and tempered condition, (8, p.l). Fe
combines hlgh hardenablllty with relatively good impact
strength and ductllity. It Is being used primarily In the
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Blectrlc furnace air melt.
Induction and consumable electrode vacuum melts are
0.43 c
!orm o! tar, tubing and forgings, heat treated to Ftu =
270 to 300 ksi. The steel is oJso available In other wrouglt l.u9
also a valll!ble. 1.8 Ni
Special ConslOeratio<>S. Sec 4340.
forms and, experimentally, In lorm o! sand castings also.
Orlg!aally this steel was made with 0. 40 percent carbon,
1.6 Si
b.It to obtain the hlgh strength the carbon content has been 2. PHYSICAL AND CHBMICAL i'.R.OPHRTIRS 0.8 Cr
raised 11> 0. 43 percent. The alloy can he !<'rmL'<I, 1-..t
welding Is not generally reo>mmended. ~ 0.4 Mo
" Ol :!!.:':!~~::~
1.01 CommercU!l Designation. 30.:1-M.
"2.011
l.012
M:lti~ r.!ngt:
Phoulc changes. Titls steel transforms from ausrenlte to
+ v
ferrite. Critical temperatures: Act = 1400 F, Ac3 =
1.02 Alternate OeslllJUltion. lncn Ultra High Strength Steel, 1480 F. Art= 650 F, Ar3 = 7851:, (6, iJ.19).
Trlcent (obsulete). 300-M
Other _Physical Properties. Sec 4340.
1.03 Speclilcations. None.
2.03 Chemical Properties. Similar to 4340.
1.04 Composition. Table I. 04. 2. 031 At Its hlgh strength level this steel is very susceptible
to hydrogen embrlttlement and the Introduction of
hydrogen caMot be tolerated. See 4340.
2. 04 Nuclear Properties
TABLR' 04
!nco (1)
- !nco (2, p. 2)
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIRS
-- --
Phoaphorus 0.04 0.025 Allov 300-M
Sulfur 0.04 0.025 1..-n-;:;;, R.Ar forvtnlrS.
Chromium 0.70 0.95 0.65 0.90 Condition 1700 F, 1 br, AC + 1600 F,
Nickel 1.80 2.00 1.6~ 2.00 lhr,OQorSQ+575F , 2x2hr
Molybdenum 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.45 Test bar
Vanadium
Aluril!num
0,05
0.05
0.10
0.08
0.05
- Ftu min- ksl
(Shon)T Mldwav
270
Iron &lance RA, min .. percent lC
""'~ min av - oercent
P lne grain must be Insured 15
CODE 1217
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED MARC H 1963
r.nn~
~'7
FeUH
REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
,-
'
<:..__,.;
360
~
Pe-(0. ~~-1. aNI-1, 6SI-D. aer-o, 4Mo+V Pe-(0. 43C)-l. axi11-1. 6St-o. aer-o. 4Mo+V Fe
NORM 1700 P+ AU! T 1650 P BAR
Ia
70
(~ 1650 P +1575 F, OQ +TBMPBR, 2x3 HR 0.43 c
320
~ 0,46(: 1.8 Ni
~ r--
~so PTU
1.6 Si
:j
<. o .roc 2aO
I
r---... 0.8 Cr
~50 0 ~
~ 0.4 Mo
~
a 16 24 32 40
DJSTANCB PROM QUBNCHBD BND SIXTBBNrn INCH
/
v;>
.............
-- ~
~
PTY
.........
+ v
300-M
v
200
e 5 3/4 IN } TBST BARS
Q3IN MIDWAY
j llliN
160
40
~~
-....;;;::
~
RA
20 /
~
Ill
~0
~~ ~
ie 20 e_j2 IN)
0
200
r
0
40
OL
eT - ~
RA
' 1---o
.....
.......
20
e
~
--~
0
IBCHARPY V 70 F
20
SOF r-.:::::: N ~ ~
0
0.36 0.40 o."" o. 48 0. 52
~ ~
120
0 6 D=0.300IN
1 2 5 10,1 2 5 10
80 STRESS CONCENTR ATION FACTOR J:-
400 600 800 1000 1200
TBMPBR.JNG TEMP - F FIG. 3. 0273 EFFECTS OF STRESS CONCBm'R ATION SIZB
I'IG. 3,0271 I!FBCT OF TBMI'BRINGTBMPBRAUIRB ON OF TEST Sl'Ecn.mN AND TEST DIRBCTION
NOlCh STRENGTH OF SHBBT (U,p.848) ON NOTCH STRBNGTH RATIO OF BAR
TBSTBD AT ROOM TBMPBRATURB
(10, p.165)
320 c--:::--::::r:-:--::-::-:-T:':""-~..----..---...----..
Fe-(0. 43C)-J. &NI-l. 6Sl-O. aer-o. -M<>+V
360 . . . . - - - - - - - - - . . . . - - - - . - - _ _ , . . - - . . . , I IN BAR
Fe-(0. 43C)-.J. BNI-1. 6SI-o. 8Cr-o. 4M<>+V 1600 F, 4 HR, 0Q
0. 063 IN SHBET 280 + 600 F, 2 x 4 HRf---t---f=-~..,..~~--1
i700F, 30MIN, FCTO 0.40C
3W'~==~~====~===1~600:tF~,:1:HR::,QQe:+:~:::Ft,:1:HR::~
~ 240 1----f=--1---+--~.~L-::-}+-~+----1
OT 0.4-CC
L } CONS ELECTR
200 1--<\--1 ----1---.. +::6::..T .!.. VACUUM MELT
r4<CC
80
3 5 7
STRESS CONCEm'RATION FACTOR- K
I I I
9
I
11
I.
13
TENSION
... o. 045 o. 007 o. 004
0. 014
NOTCH RADIUS, r -IN
0. 0027 o. oY.ll9 0~~~
0
--~--L--~----~--~
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
fiJG. 3, 0272 EFFECTS OF STRESS CONCENTRATION AND MELTJNG S1"RAAN - IN PER IN
PRACTICE ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHBRT FIG. 3.0311 STRESS STI<AIN CURVES AT LOW TEST TEMPERATURE
(13.p. 126)
(7, FIG. 15)
CODE 1?17 I
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
360 Fe-(0 .f3C)-l. SNi-1.651-o. aer-o. 4Mo+\ Fe-(0. 43C)-L SNIl. 651-o. ser-o.fl,iO+V Fe
BAR BAR
1600P, 0Q+600P, 2T04HR 0.43 c
~
1600 P, OQ + 600 P
320
1.8 Ni
l80 J. (\ ~ ~
..-. ...., 1.6
0.8
Si
Cr
" Fru 0.4 Mo
240
200
~
e 0. 38C, 3/ IN, TBMPBR 2 HR (6)
~~
!11
PTY
~
"
~
~
0
-300
(!)(7;-Fig: 23)
100
+ v
300-M
160
V
.... RA
j-e....,V-
~
~"
L
-200
e
i
0
.. -
200 600
TBMP-P
~
........
' ~p l I 60
8
""
111
HBATBDTO 4
TBSTTBMP
WITHIN20SBC
160 80
~0
~
~
1-< 20
~
II.
~ 120 ~
~
PTY 16
HBAT TRBATBD
i:
II.
AS 'IUBB, 12 IN 00
~ 9 IN ID
80
f: HOLDING TIME 12
,f. e.6.30MIN
!:
t'
~.' !i: 20
.fO
0610SEC
STRAIN RATE
~o.oo30fiN
.6. 6
~IN
PERMIN ""' ~
"1~ 8
6 eL
OT
~
~ e ..JIIh 6T THRU
! a::
II!
0
1-'" -i t:S -- 4
-200 0
PLASH
100 200 300
800 900 1000 1100 1200 TBMP-F
TEMP- P
FIG. 3. 0322 BPPBCT OF TEST TBMI'BRATURB ON IMl'ACI"
PIG. 3. 0313 BPFBCTS OP TBST TBMPBRATIJRE, HOLDING STRENGTH OF HBAVY SBCI"IONS IN nm LON-
TIME AND STRAIN RATE ON TBNSU.E PROPERTIES GrruDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DIRBCI"IONS
01' SHEET (I) (IX6, Tbl. 4)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
~--~~~-r----~----r---~----~~
Fe
----.
Fe-(o. 43C)-L.SNI-1. 651-D. SCr-0. 4Mo+V Pe-(0. 43C)-L.8 NI-L. 65.1-0. SCr-0. 4Mo+V
I
0.43 c 400
I
4 1/4 IN SQ BAR (0. 39C)
1600 F, OQ + SSO P, 8 HR.
1.8 Ni
liNBAR
1600 F, 4 HR. OQ / ~--~~--~~----~----~--~r---_,400 '
I
---
+600F, 2x4HR AXIAL LOAD
1.6 Si 360 R =1
~I
0.40C
'
0.8 Cr
/,....... r-~~~~,~~----+-----r---~----~300~~
0.4 Mo
I,
1-<
-
320
+ v I ...... t-Fru
__
I
300-M
i1
280
-
240 f
~
200
vI NOTCH STRENGTII
K.-..3
~6~
I
..:l
200 1--::-:::-::-::1-----..P.~~+_:::::_:c~-
OSMOOTII
NOTCHED,K
& 3
---r-----t~~~~--~r---~~
o.7[~os_
100
85
160
J TEST BARS FROM
VARIOUS LOCATIONS
1 r0.027
0
-300 -200 -100 0 100 TENSION 10 lo2 103 1o' loS 106
TEMP-F NUMBER OF CYCLES
F1G. 3. 0331 EPFECT OF LOW TEST TBMPERATIJRE ON NOTCH FIG. 3. 051 5-N CURVES FOR SMOOTII AND NOTCHED BAR SPEClMENS
STllBNaTII OF BAR (1, Fig. 8) IN LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DIRBCTIONS
(9, FIG. 6, 7)
240
32
801----- (0.083) 14 ~
~
t:J. Kl11700F(SA.LT), MIN,AC 28
_. Jc:wl7J 1600F(SA.LT), OQ
+ 600F,2 X 2 HR E STATIC
0~----~---
-400 0
-~----~--~ 400 800 24
TEMP- P -400 -zoo 0
TBMP-F
PIG. 3. 0332 BPFECTS OF TEST TEMPERA11JRB
AND STRBSS CONCBNTRATION ON FIG. 3.061 MOD!JLUS OF ELASTICITY
NOTCH STRBNGTII OF SHEET AT LOW ~1\AllJJU!I.
(13, p. 126) (14, p. 17) (7, FIG. 8)
CODE _1217
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
REFERENCES
at--
Yaluea up to Ptu 300 .to 310 taL ft Ia uaed ezti!Didyely 1.057
In die form ot sheet, bar aDd fcqlDga at Y&rlaua atrellglh :Jteld lltrenllh wllbaur algalflcuiZ ciDcdlJly 10118 after
leYels In ezceaa.ol P 111 200 tal at room temperature. "mar-atralnlng" proceaa baa beell applied, (36). See 1.3 Mo
In add1doo, due to Ita hfBh c:hrom1um COIIb!llf, lh1a steel 3.0219.
Ia ot the IIC!Ccmdary bardeDIDg type aDd requires temperlqr 1.058 D1atortlna cluz:tDg Ia 'YerJ low 0.5 v
temperatures In ezceaa ot 900 P. Therefore, Ilia oult
able for hfBh atrqlh appllcatloDa at temperatures up to 1.06 HudDe8a
1.061 Blld quench hardeaahlllty, PJc, 1.061. H-11 Mod
1000 P when protected from c:orroaloo and azldatloo by
appropriate aurface tratmenta. The ateel baa good 1.062 Thla ateel Ia air ll.udealn!r aDd hudeaa faUJ ... air cooling
IormahDlty In die &mle8led CCDdltloD, Ia readily welded In aecdaaa up to 10 ID aquue. HoweYer, beaYy lleCtkma
and exh1hlta 11ale cl1atortlnD when heat treated. reqalre 10 to 15P clegreea 1-.:r tempertms tempenlllre
.., In cmler to acqalre die same hudDeaa ulflbt aectlnaa.
t. 1.01 Commerelal Dealpatlooa 1.063 Blfecta ot tempering tempenlllre ud multiple temperills
. cmhudDeaaolbar, Pic. 1.063.
Type H-11 Modlfled Steel, 5CrMoV Aircraft Steel,
Modlf1ed A151 Type H 11 Steel, 5 Cr Ultra High Strqlh 1.064 Bllect ot carboa ~aDd tempering tempenlllre ...
Steel, A151 No. 610, Type H-11. hudDeaa ot air melt aDd Y&CIIIIIII melt allOJ, Pic. 1. 064.
CODE 1218
,J,. PAGE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
TABLB3 .011
H-11 Mod
AMSCI\12'11.1\
llov FelD. C\ 5Cr . 3MoO. 5V TABLB3 0213 .
Po:rm Sheet, strip
aDd plate
Bar, forgiDge , forging
atoct
.,_
.......
;;;;. m
...... libeet liar
~cedltlcm
Auat 18251875P,
1525 mlu, AC
Aust 18251875 P,
1545 mba, AC
Triple temper 975 F, 2 3 hr
~ ....-...- -.tal
o.nu. rn n.082
Ami
-
1000 P, 1000 P,
ir!"ty -tat
93.5 1D lj)S.S
55 to 67.5
93.5
51
treat Temp F RT 1/2 hr RT 1/2 hr ~. perceat 21.5 to 26.5 u
RT
-
~
FxJ>oaure L T exposure 65,5
Fruo RB 19 to 93 97
mba leal 260 -175 260 260
F;y, mba tal 220 135 215 215
175
135
260
215
~ (2 ba) mba percent
~A,
5 10 8 - to 8"
mba percent
Proas aectloa area
- - 30 35 301., 6T
3. 02lf Trant.ver~~e teaaUe properti es.
3.02141 Typical trauaver11e teaaUe properti es ol bar,
Table 3.02141.
-
--
up to 100 aq Ill 3.02142 ~ traD8YerR teaaUe propente a ol foqbgs,
- 6 Table
.... 150 ....
.... 22!." .. - -
- 5
3.02142.
- 4
.. " 250" ..
40
- - 3
TABL 830
21 42
Source (4V5\
Form 1"1\
rc;: ;;;;;;::;;;- p.;,;.,ru..
....,--~tO 280 bl
Melt
Air
8x8, 12xl2, ...---~ ---
Size knr ID 5x18&Dd7x13 61/2x6 1/2 12xl2
...--.. .....__
~ealocattcm 6x
.
..... 1
Pru -11:11 T
Center Mldwav
280 to 296
Center l .....w.v
m to298 280 to 298 270 to 285 281 to
c-..r Mldwav ..._..
...__
28i
--
p~
e(
11:11
percent
T 252 to 262
T 1. 7 to 2, 7 ~2.6 to 3,6 - - --
284tollr . 285.5to2 9 286 to 293 291
- -- -
to 295
-
RA percent T 4. 7 to 6.6 6.ltol4.5 . 6,5 to 17 6.5to'l9. 5 5 to 8.5 6to9
- - -
11..5to21 -
Short T apeclmen a, 4 to 8 at each location 18.5 to 30 8 to 20 14 rn23.
3. 012 Coasame ra dealgn mechanic al properti es, Table 3. 012.
---
at RT RA, miD tal 6.0 4.5
240 260 280 280 180 200 3.9 4.9 4.0 1.4
--- -
-- -- -- 160
at lOOOP mu leal 25.9 14.0 21.0 17.4 16.2 6.0
after exposure 110 120
160 !ilort T midway specimen s
Pryo m.,.
min
leal
kll
100
- 200 210
-
220
- -
230 155
-
170
je<2111), miD-perc ent L 17 6 5 4
---
10 7
T
sr
~
-- - -
- - -- -7 57
10 3. 02143 Bffect or temperin g tempera ture on tranaver~
~e tensile
properti es ol bar aDd extrua10118, Pig. 3. 02143.
3.02144 Bffect ol temperin g temperar ure oa teaalle propenl
jRA, min-perc ent
- - - - 30 es ol
-- -- --
Wcy. min kol 242 260
Pau. miD
l:bru miD
kol
tal
- 156 168
3. 0215 Maximum tempera tures for atablllty or mecbanl
for variOWI exposure tlmeo, Pig. 3. 0215.
cal propertle o
(e/0-2.0 )
~~miD kll
- - 440 468 - - - 3. 0216 Bffect of carboa content IIIIlS temperlnJl tempera
rure em room
temperar ure tensile propertle a ol alr melt aDd vacuum
--
-- - - -- -- 10
(e/0.2.0 ) 1nelt alloy, Pig. 3. 0216.
~ Charpy Vlt lb
346 368
- 3.0217 Bff...,! o/.30 mlllutea expoaure at 1- temperar
ure on room
~ typ kll temperar ure teaalle properde o ol sheet, Pig. 3. 0217.
p, typ tal
29,000 - 3. 02171 Bffect o/.100 houra exposure at ele..ted tempera
1w. lb per cu Ill
11,000
0.281
- Pig. 3. 02171.
tures em
room temperat ure teaalle propertie o of annealed sheet,
'\...,..> 3. 0218 Btfect of deformatloo by rollh>g oo tensile properties of 3. 0311 Stress'1Jtrll n dlograms
ausformed abeet, Fig. 3.02!8. 3.03111 Stress'11tral n curves at roam and elt!'Vated temperature s far.
3. 02181 I!Uect of deformatloo by forgh>g ou tensile properties of matt!'rlal beat treated to Ptu 260 bl, Fig. 3.03111. Fe
auaformed and tempered <~tee!, Fig. 3.02181.
3.0219 I!Uect of pre-otralDIDg oa teDaile properties of maratroltle d
3. 03112 Stre88stral n curves at roam and elt!'Vated temperature a far
sheet beat treated to F~u280 tal, Fig. 3. 03112.
0.4 c
&beet, Fig. 3. 0219. 3. 03113 Stressstral n curves at roam and low temperature s for
3.022 Compreaslo a. See also Table 3.012 and Sectloo 3.032. sheet, Pig. 3.03113.
5 Cr
3. 0221 9:reaosaai n dlograma 3. 03114 Stre88atra ln curtes at roam and elevated temperature & far
3, 0222 1)pfcal compresslo a yield lllreiJ&Ih. Table 3. 0222. annealed abet!'!, Fig. 3.03114.
1.3 Mo
3. 0312 Meet of test temperature oa tenalle prllpertles of llbeet
0.5 v
c; ..
--;;;;;::;;;
TABLB3 0222
11\
beat treated to FDI 260 and 280 1<81 minimum, Pig. 3.0312.
3. 0313 I!Uect of test temperature oa tensile properties of bar beat
0.090 Sleet treated to Ptu 260 10 290 tal, Pig. 3.0313. H-11 Mod
Ptu tal :l60 10 280 28010300 3. 0314 l!ffect of test temperature oa tenalle propertlea of bolts beat
Fey -tal L 25410264 773 10 775 treated to F 111 220 tal minimum, Fig. 3. 0314.
T 248 to255 263 to269 3.0315 l!ffect of test temperaDire , boldh>g time and strain rate oo
F cy/Ptu avg 0.95 0.96 tenalle properties of llbeet, Pig. 3. 0315.
3. 0316 Bffcct of teat temperature on tensile prCJpel:.les ol air melt
alloy tempered to Ptu 260 tal and Ptu D3!0 tal, Pig. 3.0316.
3.023 Impact. See also Table 3. 012
3.0317 Blfect of carbooc:onte nt and teat temperature oa tenalle
3.0231 l!ll'ect of temperh>g temperature oa Impact atre2>gtb,
properties of air melt and vacuum melt alloy tempered 10
Pig. 3,0231. Ptu 260 tal, Fig. 3.03!7.
3.0232 l!fl'ect of carboll cootetlt and temperll>g temperature oo 3. 0318 I!Uect of low test temperature on "'""lie propertlea of
Impact atre2>gth of a1r melt and vacuum melt alloy, shet!'t, Fig. 3. 0318.
Fig. 3. 0232. 3. 0319 Bffect of teat temperature oo tensile properties far
3.024 l!etKI1Iv tempering temperature s of IOOOF to USOF of bar and abeet,
3.025 Torsloo and shear. See also 11lble 3.012. Fig. 3.0319.
3.0251 Szear streugth of bolts heat treated to Ftu 220bl minimum 3.03191 I!Uect of test temperature oo tenalle properties of annealed
hi not alfected by 100 hour exposure at 90DF. sheet, Pig. 3.03191.
3.026 Bearh>g. See also Table 3. 012. 3.03192 l!ffcct of 100 hour exposure at teat temperature oa tensile
3.0261 Typical bearh>g and shear properties, Table 3.0261. properties of annealed abet!'!, Fig. 3.03192.
3. 03193 I!Uect of test temperature oa auaformed and conoentloaa lly
TABLB 3 0261
Source heat treated steel, Fig. 3.03193.
4 3. 032 Compreaslo o
(Form Sze.!t 3 .. 0321 Streaaatra ln curves
l"'cad1tloa 3.03211 Stresa-atral n curves In cotnpresslon at room and elevated
Ftu tal
260 to 280 280 to300 temperature s for annealed abet!'!, Fig. 3. 03211.
lvaacojt!' 3.0322 I!Uect of teat temperature on compresalv e yield atrenath of
lvaacojt!'
Allov 1000 Unlmach 1 1000 Unlmach 1 sheet, Fig. 3. 0322.
Thk:laleoo - ID I o.rv..1 t n ,., In rna 0.063 0.063 I 0.078 3.0323 llffect of teat temperature on compressiv e yield stteugth of
IPbru tal annealed abeet, Fig. 3. 0323.
(e/D-1.5)
(e/D-2.0)
L
L ''512
. . 378
.
. . 432
3,033 Impact
3. 0331 I!Uect of teat temperature on Impact strength of bar at
477
.-
547
T 509 . . 529
525
. various hardness levelo, Fig. 3. 0331
F.b9' bl 3. 0332 l!ffect of carboa cootent and teat temperature 011 Impact
(e/D-1.5) L . - 316 . . 369
strength of air melt and vacuum melt alloys, F,lg. 3. 0332.
(e/D-2.0) L 364 338
. .- 388 380 .. 3. 0333 I!Uect of test temperature oo Impact stret>gtb ol alloy
Pau
T 371
tal L 170 166.5 170
392
178
-
184 186
3.034
heat treated to 51 RC, Pig. 3, 0333.
Bendh>g
T 171 169 171 183 186 187.5 3.035 Torsloo and shear
Pau/FhP avg 0.631 0.635 0.642 0.634 0.635 0.635 3.0351 Bffect of teat temperature oo shear streugth of
beat treated
bolts, Fig. 3.0351.
3. 0352 Bffect of test temperature on abcar strength of -led
abeet, Pig. 3. 0352.
3. 077 Streoo coacentratlo o 3. 036 Bearh>g
3.0271 Nolcb properties. See also 3.GS. 3. 0361 I!Uect of teat temperatnre on bearh>g propertlea of annealed
3. 07711 Brrect of temperll>g temperature oa DOtl:h atre2>gth of abeet, Pig. 3. 0361.
abuply JICllc:bed abe..t, Fig. 3. 07711. 3. 037 Stresa CODCentratloo
3. 07712 I!Uect of streaa coocentratlo o oo notch ~ of heat 3. 0371 Notch properties
treated abeet, Fig. 3.02712. 3.03711 I!Uect of teat temperature oa DOlch otreqrth for varloua
3.07713 Bffect of multiple temperh>g oo notch atrength and tenolle stress coacentratlo o !acton of abeet, Fig. 3. 03711.
properties of mildly notched bar, Fig. 3.077!3. 3.03712 I!Uect of low teat temperature on DOlch strength olabeet,
3:07714 Bffect of 30 minutes - u r e at low temperature on room Fig. 3. 03712.
temperature notch otrength of sheet, Pig. 3. 07714. 3.037!3 Bffect of test temperature 011 tensile propertles of uncracked
3. 0272 Fracture taugluzeos &beet and oa net: fracture atreas and fracture -ranee
3. 02721 Bffect of carbon coaletlt and sln!lgth on aharp q e notch of cracked sheet, Fig. 3. 03713.
tensile otreugth ratio and fracture toughness of air melt 3.03714 Bffect of low temperatures, la.dJDg rates aDd aae
and vacuum melt sheet, Fig. 3.07721. coacentratlo o factors oa notch ~ o1 shet!'t, Fig.
3. 07722 Bffect of temperh>g temperature OD fracture touglmesa and 3.03714.
aharp notch otrength ratio for shet!'t, Pig. 3. 07722. 3.03715 Bftect of low teat temperature on notch strength ol bar,
Fig. 3.03715.
3. 07723 I!Uect of melt practice and strength oa aharp q e notch
tensile strength ratio and fracture toughness of sheet, 3.03716 Bftect of low teat temperature on net
abet!'!, Fig. 3.03716.
D_., otreugth ot
oJIIg, 3. 07123,
3. 028 Combined properties 3.03717 I!Uect ol teat temperature oa:net notch strength of abet!'!,
Fig. 3.03717.
3. 03 Mechanical l'ropertles at Various Temperatur es 3. 0372 Fracture tOU(;Iu>ess
3.031 T"""loo 3. 03721 Bffect ol teat temperature OD plane otraln fracture
toughness of bar, Fig. 3. 03721.
CODE 1218
PAGE 3
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVJSEO:DECEMBER 1963
3. 03722 Bllect o1 teat temperature em plaDe attaiD fractUre lCJU8Iulea foqlng procedure IDclude prd>a~ at 1400P, foqlng at
Fe ar llbeet, PJc. 3. OJ722. 21SOP, coallllg uDder ao luaulatlllg atedllllll or flmace
3. 03723 Bffect ar teat temperature ... - etreu &lid ftacture coaling to 3001' maximum.
0.4 c taugbae.u ol 1beet. PJc. 3. 03723.
3. 038 Combined prcpertlea
4.013 lla>diJW. Sheet wltb.lbll:taeu leas tb&D 0.090 IDch bas a
rotm tellljler&blre productlaa bead factor ar 2 Ia the umealed
5 Cr ccnlldcm aDd 6 wbeD beat treated to Fm 260 10 280 b1.
3. 04 Creep &lid Creep Rupture Propert!e! 4.014 Sb:af&bteDing C&D be performed eldter durlll&' coallllg frDm
1.3 Mo 3. 041 Creep :mpture CIUYea for alloy at varlaul etrea(llh levels at auatellldzlng or durlllg beatlllg for tmlperllle.
700 to UIOOP, PJc. 3. 041. 4.015 Caatlllg. The use af dtla alloy for caatlllg - 1a
0.5 v 3. 042 Creep :mpture cWYea at 800 ta 1000 P !or
ta Ptu 190 bl, PJc. 3. 041.
m-beat treated UDderde'ldop meDL
3. 043 Sian time creep &Dd creep rupture curves at 1000 &Dd 4.02 Mac:blDJDg &Dd Grlodg
H-11 Mod 1200P for sheet heat treated ta Pna290 tal, PJc. 3. 043. 4.021 Geoeral. Rough macbiDlJv Ia geDe>:lly performed em
material Ill JDe fully &DDe&led coodltlcm Ill much the ame
IIWIDI!r aa em aoy 0.4 perceDt carbcm law alloy -1.
3. OS Fatigue Properties
3.051 Fatigue properties af lar aDd balta, Tallie 3.051. Practically DO dlmmalmal cbaJWea occur em floal beat
TABLB3 051 treatmeDt wbeD flnlab macbJ.DlJlg Ia perfonoed em material
having aa IDtermedlare beat treaaneot at 1700P, air coal+
Source temper at 1200P.
(&), (9), (12) 4.022 Ditlllllg &Dd btoachizlg may be performed em material bear
-
orm Bar treated ra 50 to 55 RC.
Coadlrl<lll Heat Treated Ia p - 260bl 4.023 GrlndiJ>g ar porta bear treated 10 Pru 260 b1 or abooe Ia
rr....p-P Soortce Methcd Streaa Pattaue Stftq1bl very ~!tical.
RatiD Cc>acea- at c,cJea
RT
A
-a
R tradaa .r
ldi 107 108 4.03 ~
Puslcm weldhw Ia geDerally accompllabed with Inert po
(7) Rot -1 &nood! 155 135 130 130
bead 1!K ba.....,...
ableldlllg or c . .ted electrodes. Since dtla steel Ia air
It reqalreo prebeatlllg to 600 to J200P. The
RT (6) Direct o.8 0.1 155 135 130 130
Slre&d
welded ..rt to usually allowed ta air coal ta about 600P &Dd
lheD Immediately atreaa relieved at 1250 ro 1400P In order ro
--
ltD\ 173 150 uo minimize dlmeaalcmal cbugea &lid to allow atraf&btenlqr
900 (6) 95 81 80 aDd alz.lng wlthaul crackiQg. Weld efflcleDclea ar oearly
RT(a
~Source
161
(10
I too 60 S3 - 100 perceut are obtalocd Ill weldod l)leCimeo& after beat
treotmeDl ta all atreQJIIII l'"'ela. Haw..,er, mulmum atrellllb
-
Form Threaded Balta Ill weldod taDta Ia oblalocd ar &D IDtermedlable temper.
CondJtloo: eat l :reate<l 10 -260 tsl 4. 031 l!ffect ar tempering temperature .., etrea(llh ar welded
(T0111p P Dla-111
(b) ~ Slreaa Fatigue Streqpb-tsl 8heet aod pressure vessel a, Pig. 4. 031.
Rado Catcea- at c,clea
tradGa 4. 04
A R 1o5 1o6.l1o7 loB Hear Treoaneat
RT 3/8 plrect p.az 0.1
jotrell8
- 112
84180 - 4.041 Pumace abnoapbere for aoludcm treatlllg aod lUIII<IIIllng
should be ccmtralled. lDert ps or vacuum to preveat
decarburlzatl m &Dd acallng. Salt baths are also aulrable.
---
1/2 118 .94 90
900 3/8 For leas dtrlngeDt requlremcuia regudlng aurtJoce
91 81 80 c...Sitloa 8D eodothermlc abDOIIphere wldt dew poiDt ar
RTia\ 3 8 a;< 60 55
(a) Tested at RT after exposure at 900P, lOOhr 45 to 50P with spray caat!Dga aa addltloual prorecdm cao
(h) Bolt typer. 3/8111, :U BWB: 1/2 111, 20 BWB be uaed. Bar may al3a be packed Ill speat pitch cote.
Copper aod other metallic caatlllgs should oat be uaod aa
3.052 SN cunrea for beat treated lar, Pig. 3. 052.
they lead to embrlnlemea t.
3. 053 SN CIUYea for DGICbed &Dd IIDIIOtCbed l)leCimeaa at room 4.042 Dlacaloradcm em air coaling may be,.pr..,eated by coaling
temperature, Pig. 3. 053.
w1thln a protective atmosphere ar ualllg lllterrupred salt
3.054 SN cunrea far Dotched &Dd UllliOtCbed l)leCimeDa at BOOP,
bath queocblng.
Pig. 3.054. 4. 043 Prel!earlng at 1200 ro 1500F 1a recommelllled for heat
3.055 sN curvea far Dotchod &Dd UDJ>Ctcbed l)leCimeaa at 1000P,
trelltlllg thl8 steel.
Pig. 3.055.
3.056 SN curveo for aullfarmed aDd ccmveudaaally heat treated 4. 05 Surface Treabneat
steel, Pig. 3.056. 4. 051 Ccnllllma having hf&ber strength tb&D 200 kal ahaulcl be
cleaDed by mech&Dical methode or by anodlc plctllng.
3.06 l!lasdc Properties Acid or alkaline plddlng aDd cathcdlc cleaa!Dg .are oat
3.061 l'olaam"a rado, 0.281.
permlealble.
3.062 Mcdulus ar elaadclty 4. 052 Carroaloa aod mldadm realatauce ol thla steel 1a cbralned
3.0621 Modulus af eludclty at rocm &Dd elevated temperature& ,
Pig. 3. 0621. . by a YArlety af aurt.ace coatings. One preferred method Ia
3.0622 Modulus ot elasticity for alloy beat treated to varloua
plaUJw with Dickel cadmium (AMS 2416). AlumiDizlng,
chromlzlng, vapor deposltlcm af metal coatlllga aDd sUk:ooe
bardueea levels, Pig. 3. 0622.
.. lilts are also aucceallfully used In productlm. Special
3.0623 Modulus ar elaadclty Ill compreaalm at room aDd el..,ated
platlllg methods are used far the hf&b atreDgtll coadlllcma,
temperatures ar a~JM&led sheet, Pig. 3.0623.
3.063 Modulus ar rigidity usually followed by baking at 375F minimum, far.23 hours.
4. 053 Chemical milling may be accomplished Ill either the &DDeoled
3.064 TaDgeat modulus curves at rocm aDd el'"'ated temperatures
ar heat treatel c...Sirlaaa. llakiDg ar beat treated parts
far lar heat treated to Pru -260 bl, Pig. 3. 064.
after chemical milling Ia recommended . The mcch&Dlcal
4. properties <1 sheet beat treatod to Pna- 280 ts1 mlnlmlDD
FABRICATION
aDd milled frcm 0. 200 to 0.100 In thlcbeaa were famd
4.01 robe~.
Formability
4.011 4. 054 Alloy CAD be Ditrldod aa readily aa the Nltralloya.
Geueral. This alloy, In the tully aDDeSied cundltlm, C&D be
4.0541 Blfect af Dltrldlngdept h em hardDess, Fig. 4.0541.
....tOy fanned by aH commm methods.
4.012 Pargiug. Start!Dg temperature 2000P mulmwn, flnl~
temperature 1700P mlnlmlDD. Hstlllg abeooe 2200P causes
eocealve acallng aDd loducea graiD growth. Recommeoded
CODE 1218
PAGE 4
1
1
. ~
.
~
.;::
t-
~~
~';
.
I V'W'II
64 ..----r--::Pe-_':C.Q~.o:-.-:-fC)~:-SC=r--::-1_,_-::3-::M:-ct-;-C!...:-.::::~y~.
Pe-(0. ~-5Cr-1.3Mo-o. SV AJIIT 1!125"'~~q_ Fe
T~BD 3z 2 HR BACH
0.4 c
QUBK:Hb PRo.&~ 5 Cr
1~.l
- - - INDICAT&
- - r-r - -- 1.3 Mo
1(1850P 1(1900P ~ 48 0.5 v
',.
""
10 20 30 40 50 60 ~ 40 ~---+-----~~~~--~ H-11 Mod
DISI"ANCB PR<N QUBNCHBD BN> SIXTBBN'Ill IN 3
Dl
PIG. 1.061 BN> QUENCH HARDBNABU.ITY (9) ~
8
""
24 900
1000 1100 1200 1300
,. TBMPI!RINJ TBMP - P
.!
152
~
~48
RC
H o PlRSI"
l:S
a:
e SECOND
TBMPBR
A 11iiRD
44
950 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100
TBMPBRINJ TEMP - P
CODE 1218
PAGE. 5
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
1800
Fe Fe-(0. 4C)5Cr-1. 3Mo-D. 5V
AUSTTBMP 1850P
0.4 c
5 Cr 1600
....
.... -- - CRmCAL COOLING RATE PRCN
m ..ATCNBTRY 10 /MIN
1.3 Mo I
" -
~
v ~
0.5
H-11 Mod
1200
.... .....
.... ....
--~--- ....
<,._ -
c
.......................
llo
........ ......
~ 800 -- .. __
~ ~
M _........ ~
5%
400
20,{,~~
.__51~
0
1 10
TIMB SBCOND
10 ft~
10 ....c 105
D:
18
Pe(IWC) :!. aM -o.5v,......
1
t:
bl'
a
f
16
14
nfBRMAL
CONDIX:TIVITY
.......
.......
--- -,
/;'
li:
~ 12 it I
-(11)
I
I
I
I
---CONVBRTBO FROM
BLBCTRJCAL RBSISTANCB
MBASURBMBNTS(24)
10
0 400 800 1200 1600
TI!MPP
a
Fe(0.4C!SCr1.~-D.5V
---HEATBO IN VACUUM
1000 P, 30 MIN
-ANN } (7)
i 0.8 t---1---- +---+--- -1
---HA,ROBNBD
.(11~
---
--
~--- 1---
~
........ -
~---
r--
r---
- ---- MEAN COI!F LINEAR
nii!RMJL BXPA,ON
FR~~1T TO T,EMP
I ICATBD 400 800
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
TI!MPP
TI!MP F
PIG. 2.014 nii!RMAL EXPANSION PIG. 2.024
(7)(11) I!MJSSIVITY (25, p. 215223)
CODE 1218
PAGE 6
REVISED DECEUBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS
Pe-(0. 4C)5<.:r-.i.""'o-o. SV Fe
300 - 950P BAR
0.4 c
~=- ~ 1000P 5 Cr
1.3 Mo
/ -........; '- 1050P
200
......
llOOP
0.5 v
100 v 1300P
TIIMPBROO TEMP
1200P
H-II.Mod
lTmmON
RT
0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
SI'RAIN - IN PBR lN
PIG. 3. 0211 STRESS SI'RAIN CURVI!S POR BAR TI!MI'rutBD
TO VARIOUS STRIING1H LEVELS
(9)
320
P -(0.4C)-5Cr-1.3No-o. sv
.__ ..... 1625P, AC + 1100 TO
1850P, AC +TEMPER
280
~
........
~~
Pro
300 iil
loo:
240
PTY ~
r-....
.1. T, 6 IN B. R, TEMPER 2xl HR ~
e T 10 IN 00, I 1/2 IN WALL
0 L} EXTRUSION. TEMPER 2x2 1/2 HR O
250 200
40
RA
Iii 200
~
"" Ill
I)
20
__.
0:
... Ill
~
150
~ e
0
1000 1025 1050 1075 1100
TEMPERII'C TEMP - P
BRINBLL HARONI!SS NUMBER PIG. 3.02!43 EPPI!CT OP TI!MPERII'C TI!MPERATURB ON
PIG. 3.0212 RELATION BETWEEN HARONI!SS AND TENSILE TRANSVERSE TENSII.E! PROPERTIES OP BAR
AND EXTRUSIONS
PROPERTIES (16)
(9)
CODE 1218
PAGE 7
FERROUS ALLOYS REVI SEI) DECEMBER 1963
0.5 v
-----r~~~-----+-----
+~2~
H-11 Mod
!2
----~~~----~~~~
10
10
5
'
1~ 12::::]~;:=-.:::::i--~
o
900
~
1000
~~_j 1100 1~ 1300
TI!IIIP~ TI!Ml' - P
Pll. 3.0216 BPFBC I" OF CARBON CONJ"B
iu Tau&R~ TBW'B RA'IlJR B
NT AN>
ON Road
TBW'B RAnJR B TBNSILB PROI'BIITIJIS OF
f 20 t-1---1-+---...._--1--~--J AIR MBLT AND VAcuu .l MELT ALLOY
(22,p.J O)
0~~~~~~~----LJ
1100 1200 1300
TI!MI'BRJKi TIIMP - P Pe-(0. 4C)-:r-1. 3Mo-o. sv
PIG. 3.0UW 0. (1()0 IN SIIBIIT
BPFIIC T OF TI!Ml'H RIKl11 !Ml'BR I>nJRB PRBHBAT 1450 P, 20-30 MIN
ON
TBNSI LB PROPBRTil!S OF SHI!BT AN>
BAR AUST 1850 F, 20 MIN. AC
(8X9X13X17)
.
TBIPL BD TIIMl'BR
975 F, 1 HR. BACK
~ r-
11011 260
1/2 HR .BXI'Q;URB
...
1000
uoo ~ ...._FTY
-
TBSTB il AT RT
2 1050 .......
"" 1000
900
I
,.., RA
e(2 IN)
....
1100~--~--~~--~~~ 0
-G -200 0 1200
1 100 10,000 TI!MP I'
BXPOSURB TIMB - HR
Fll. 3.02.15 Pll. 3.0217 BPPIIC I' OF 30 M1M1I"BS BXI'OStJRB AT
MAXIM IN TI!Ml'B RAnlR BS FOR
STABILITY OF MJ!CHANICAL PRO- LOW 111Ml'BRATUlUIS ON ROOM TBM-
PBR11BS FOR VARIOUS BXPOSURB l'BitA"IURB TBNSILB PROI'B ilTmS OF
SHBBT (26,p.2 4)
TIMBS
til After lid temper I(J:oomd to 0. 060 ill aad
poa1ibl
"""'"" "
e decarb urlutiO L
CODE 1218
PAGE 8
.,
'-...-'
FeUH
100
Pe-(O .te)5Cr1.3Mo-o.sv Fe
D. 064 IN SHBBT
ANN c
80
- p1U
-- - 0.4
5 Cr
-- r- l'TY
e (21N)
--~
.......
TJ!!f
1.3
0.5
Mo
v
H-11 Mod
TI!MPP
PIG. 3.02171 BPPI!CT OP 100 HOURS EXl'OSURB AT
BLBVATBD TI!MPBRA1URBS ON RO<U
TI!MPBRA1URB TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS
OP ANNBALBD SHBBT
(34, p.l6)
r.P~e~-W~.~~-~5~~-1~.3~Mo~~-o~.5~V------~~
0.15 IN PINAL THICICNBSS SHBBT
AUST 1900 P, 1 HR PBR.IN
THICICNBSS
iil
w
360 t----+---+---+-.,.:-1
j
320 e 400 P,
1 102 HR +400 P, 3/f HR
A 600 P,
110 2 HR+600 P, 3/f HR
800 2 HR -! tiOO .F, 3/f HR
P,
1000 P,
3/4 HR
0 1100 P, 1 10 2 HR.UOO 'i', 3/f HR
f067-:"T"n'710"'7'7"2D-.!..-
>1
al
u 4
a:
...
al
0
0 20 40 60 110
20 40 60 80
DBPORMATION PBRCENr DBPORMA110NPBRCBNT
PIG. 3. 0218 BPPBCT OP DBPOIUIATION BY ROLUNG ON PJG. 3. 02111 BPPI!CT OP DBPORMA110N BY PORGINJ
TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OP AUSPORMBD SHBBT ON TBNSILB PROPBR11BS OP AUSPOIRMBO
(3!,p.32) ANlTIIMPBRBD 5TBBL (J2,p. 47, 49)
CODE 1218
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 196.1
5 Cr
80
1.3 Mo
280 %C
0.5 v 0 0.36 VACUUM MBLT
liJ 60 o.4a }
w, 0.40 1R
H-11 Mod ~
240
~ .0.305
Y0.22
MBLT
"' t: 40
i 40 0900
1000 1100 1200 1300
0
TBMPBRim TBMP P
"-.
J
- fiJ
i'--o-~
20
,
;f!
...
-~ ..... '10/
lo---~
IBCHA~PYV
M: v.s::
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TBMPBRII l TBMP P
PIG. 3.0231 BPPBCT OP TBMPBRIM l TBMPBRA'I URB ON IMPACT
STRBIlTH
(6)
CODE 1218
PAGE 10
-.. FeUH
''
REVIS.0!DECEMBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS
\...,)
.,.. .... -
320
IPe-(0. 4C)5Cr1.3Mo-o.sj'
t-, Pe-(0. ~)-5Cr1.3Mo-D. SV
1/21N.BAR Fe
/ .... 0.063 IN SHBET
fUsop""
280 /' .... 850P, 1/2 HR, AC + TBMPBR
3z1H-,
lofiN, AO+IOIOP:_1
ec;. NBtTrRAP4
.A VACUUM AIJSrBNITIZIID
0.4 c
5 Cr
''
240
'"~
PTU ' ,
.... ;; 1.3
0.5
Mo
v
v
360 NOTCH STRmcn!
r-~ '~
200 H-11 Mod
~
r<0.001
I /-: ~
320
w 1--- r---~
160 r-0.006
280
120 PTU
~
f'6 e L}NOI'CH
p1Y
oT STRBNint
........::
80
-~
v RA
40 e(4 D)
900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
TI!MPBRJRi TBMP P 3 f
400 ,.-----,r-~......,.,.---,,....---r--"T'""""
Pe-(0. ~)-SCrl. 3Mo-D. SV Pe-{0. 4C)-5Cr1. 3Uo-o. SV
0.0.0 TO 0.063 IN SHBBT 0.06CHNIIlHBBT
1850P (ARGON), 30 MIN. AC EHBAT 1450 P, 2030 YIN
320 hK~~t-----~~+~1000~~P~3~x~l~R } - - - -........A~usr:!2 1150 P, :IOYIN, AC
TRIPLE TBMPBR"
97$ P, 1 HR .
320
Iii
loll ::1
160 300
~~n-
TBSTBDATRT
2111
(15) .
0 (13)
260 r-0.0
0 ~--~5~--~9~--~1~3----1~7~
-400 -200 0 200
STR!J!S CONCBN'I'RA110N !!ACTOR It I TEMP.-P
0. 025 o. oos-. o. 002 o. 001 t'IG. 3.02714 BPPBCT OP 30 WIMTmS BXI'DiiURB AT
r IN LOW TINPBRATURB ON Roc:a.t TBMPBR
PIG. 3. 02712 BPPBCT OP STRBSS CON::BNTRA110N ~TURB NOTCH STBIIN:lTH OP liHBET
ON:NOTCH STRBNITH OP HBAT (26,p.25)
TRBATBD SHBET After 2ad temper groc.d to 0. 060 Ill a..S rem.,.e
(13) (15, p. 1:111) poooalble decarburlzatloa
CODE 1218
PAGE II
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS RE~ISEODECEMBER 1963
Fe Pe-iO. 4C}~5Cr-1.3Mo-<J. SV
1200 0.063 IN SHBRT
0.4 c ... A lEI' 1850 P, 30 MIN, AC
TBMPBR 3 x 3 HR TOTAL
5 Cr ' AIRMBLT
1.3 Mo
i
1-o
1100
0.5 v g
;~~
1-o
RT
900
:~
~ 0.8
o;
t; 0.4
; 0
160
0.23C
280
40
160 200 240 280 320
PTU -XSI
PD. 3.02721 BPPBCT OF CARBON CONTBNT AN> SI'RIDG111
ON SHARP BDGB NOTCH TBNSILB SI'RJDGnt
,-,
RATIO Al'l> PRAC'IURB TOUlHNBSS OF AIR
MBLTAN>VA CUlNNBLTSH BBT (17,p.771) 200
~
~160
...
l2
120
80
CODE 1218
PAGE 12
4,Jo:
1(}17
FeUH
Pe"(0.:)-5 r-1.3Mo-o.sv Fe
0.0631NSHBBT
.AUST 1850 P, 30 MIN,AC
TBMPBR 3x 3 HR TarAL
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod
STRAIN-IN PBR IN
FIG. 3.03lU STRHSS STRAIN CURVBSAT ROOM AND
BLBVATBD TI!MPBRATIJRBS POR MAT
BRIAL HBAT TRBATBD TO FTU 260 KSI
(9)
40 l-...,l,J,6,.0---,2,!00,.....--=24~0=---~:::-~....;!-:--....J
FTU- KSI
.....,.
PIG. 3. 02723 BPFI!CT OF MBLT PRACTICE AND STRBN:;11f
ON SHARP I!OGB NOTCH TBNSILB STRBN:;11f
RATIO AND FRACTIJRB TOOOHNHSS OF SHEBT
(17, p. 773)
320 Fe-(0.4C)5Cr1,3MoD.5V
0.090 INSHBBT
18501',1/2 HR, AC RT
+10oo F, 2 x 3 HR F
240. +lll'lS F, 2 X 3 HR 0
i'TU283 KS1
TBNSION
J
;,.,
Fe-(0.~5Cr-1.3Mo-o 5V Pe (0,4C)5Crl. oO.SV
Fe U.U60 D<SHBBT t 0. 064 IN SHI!BT
ANN
0.4 c PRI!HBAT 1450 T, 20-30 MIN
320 AUIT 1850 P, 20 MIN; AC
TRIPLB TBMPBR WSP,IHR
5 Cr BACH
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-IIMod
OL-----~----~--~
0 0.004 0.008 0.012
S'IliAININ PER IN
120 PIG. 3.03114 SI'RBSS-STRAIN CURVI!S AT
ROCN AND BLBVATBD TBMP
BRATURI!S POR ANNBALBD
SHBI!T (34, p. 99)
10
TI!N>ION
240
200
lil 160
w 2l
200
160
10
0
0 200 400 600
TI!MP- p
PIG. 3.0312 BPPI!CT OP TI!ST TBNPBRA1URI! ON
TBNSILB PROPI!RTIBS OP SHI!I!T HEAT
TRBATBD TO Pro 260 At> 210 KSI
WINIMW
CODE 1218
PAGE 14
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.15 v
1----+-~....t:::--::--+---.:p;~-i----1""" lil
:w: lil
160 1-----1---+--+--+----i
~ :w: 200 1-l:b-4.=--1--+---11---t H-11 Mod
280 --+----1-~~-+~--120011.
240
200
e
~ 160
200 600 1000
~ TEMP F
FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF Tl!5r TEMPI!RAroRI! ON TI!NSILI!
120 PROPI!RTII!S OF BOLTS HI!AT TRI!A TI!D TO
Fro 220 KSI MINIMUM (10)
60
40
~
CJ
Fe-(0.~)-5pr1.3lolo-o.sv
20 0. 063 IN SHI!BT
re 1850 F, AC+1pocl F, 2x3 HR
~ 200
~
~
0
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPF r-
FIG. 3. 0313 I!FFI!CT OF Tl!5r TEMPI!RAroRI! ON TI!NSILI! PROPI!RTII!S
OF BAR HI!AT TRI!ATI!D TO Fro" 260 TO 290 KSI
( 4) (7) (9) (19)
200
FTU
''0
\
80
"""""' ~
~--
1:120 ~ .....
II. HOLDING TIMI!
o xo sec F~ "'-.
.A.A 30MIN
80
5rRAIN RATI!
e .A. 0.41NPI!Ru
0 A 6 PI!RMR
""-"\
HI!ATI!O TO TEMP
WITiiiN 20 sec
~18
CJ
0:
re o
,,. e __./
CODE 1218
PAGE 15
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963
..A 3 20
Fe
y l
Fe-(C1,4Cl5Cr1.3Mo-D.!)V
AUST 1825185U 1', 30 MIN, AC
0.4 c TI!MP.I!Rl!D 3x 2 HR BACH
AV.I!RAGB 2 TEsTs
280
5 Cr
t'
1.3 Mo
~ PTU
0.5 v 240-
""~\
!2
'
H-11 Mod '-- i"'..... \.
~
240 160
'\
200
"" ..........
I 20
Iii
:.:
160
1--. ~~ -
J= ~
120
T.I!M .I!RJH:i TIIMP-F
975
""\\ -
... 1050
80
!zIll
u
a:
...
Ill
40
A
RA
re<2 INI
-
0 RT l 800 240
900 1000 1100 1200
T.I!MP P
~
FIG. 3. 0316 .I!PPBCT OF T.I!ST T.I!MPBRATURB ON TBNSILB
PROPBRTI.I!S OP All\ MELT ALLOY TI!MPBRI!D TO 200 L-----+-~~~----;160 ~
'
..!""
PTU 260 KSI AND FTU 310 KSI
(22, p. 2U, 22)
.
~
{:160
"'
120
\I',C
0 0.36
... 0.48
0.40
. 0.305
0.22
80
!11
Ill 4U
u
a:
...
Ill
0
900 1000 1100
T.I!MP F
CODE 1218
PAGE 16
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISE[) DECEMBER 1963
Fe-(0.4C -scr-1.3Mo-D.SV Fe
O. 060 IN SHBJrr
PRBIIBAT 1450 F, 2030 MIN 0.4 c
400 AUST 1850 P, 20 MIN, AC
TRlPLB TBMPBR 9't5F, IHR BACH
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod
200
~ 40
0
re 0
Fe(0.4C)SCrI.3M oO.SV .I 320
280
~ 200
~ t--11SOF
r-
240 ~1-oo.._o IOOOF- - I 60
!il ~
:.: '1050
u--- 1100
~
r---::::::::
>-...a. 1150F
~
160
60
.-
RA
...
..
1100,!..... ~
40
Ill
!Z (10501' 7ioooF
0 e - I INDIA BAR
0::
0 ---0.080 IN SHBBT
!e 20
e (liN)
~.:~, ....
F-~- .. ~ ~~ \..1>~"--loW.
~""''-~~
0
-100 0 100 200 300
TBMP-P
FIG. 3. 0319 BFPBCT OF TBST TBMPBRATURB ON
TBNSILB PROPERTIES FOR TBMPBRIN>
TBMPBRAnJRBS OF IOOOF TO 1150F OF
BAR AND SHBBT
(30, Tables 21 28)
CODE 1218
PAGE 17
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE!> DECEMBER 196;;
.--------...--------..--------..------ 480
Pe(O. :)SCr-1. 3YoO. SV Pe-(0. 4C)-5Cr-1. 3Mo-o. SV
Fe 1011 0.064 IN SHEET
......... .......__ ANN
0.4 c
---.
PTU
5 Cr 80
1.3 Mo
0.5 v lil
w 60
~
- PTY
-..... ~
~.,.---+------4"....,._,-..__-1 320 fl
J
~
H-IIMod
40 ~
20
L}1/2 HR IOO'OSliRB
0 T ATTBSTTBMP ~ 160
40
v 80
~
u 20
-~
e (2 IN)
~
/
C!"'
0
0 2011 600 8011 1000 12011
Tl!MPP
12011
80~~~~~,---~
J'e (O.:)-SCr-1. o-o.sv
0.064 IN SHBBT
A
40 mlOII~H~R~r.~~mas-r------~------~------4
ATTr!l>fmNB \
~ 0 1/3 pn:IPRBSTRBSS
~ 20 r-==F=F=~~~
e (21N)
0.012
0 5111AIN IN PBR IN
0 2011 600 BOO 1000
Tl!MP-P PJO. 3. 03211 SI"RBSS5111AIN CURVBS IN
PIG. 3. 03192 BPPI!CT OF 100 HotlRS RXPOSURB AT Tsm" C<NPRBSSION AT ROCN AM>
TBMPBRATURE ON TI!NSILE PROPBRTIBS I!LBVATBD TBMPBRATURBS
FOR ANNRALBD SHBET
OP ANNRALBD SHEET (34, p. 8, 16)
(34, p.99)
CODE 1218
PAGE 18
fl,. ~-
i
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1~6~ FERRO.US ALLO YS
,.,.,
280
Pe-(0, 4C)5Cr l. 3Mo-o.sv
0.0331N SHBBT Fe-(0.4C -scr-1.3M o-o.sv
~
1900P,30 SBC,AC AWT 18251850 F, 30 Mill{; AC Fe
+1025P, 2x2 HR TBMPBRBD 3x 2 HR BACH
240
~ ~~~~V~E~R~A~G~10~T~~---r~~~~ 0.4 c
-.........: 5 Cr
Fey
~ 1.3 Mo
~
eL
OT
0.5 v
160 H-11 Mod
0 200 400 600 800 1()00
TBMP P ~
I
FIG. 3,0322 EFFECT OF TBSl' TEMPERA lURE ON
COMPRB55IVB YIELD STRI!N:;TH OF t:
SHEET (7)
It C TI!MPERIM:l MELT
0 O. 36 1030 VACUUM
1-41~'--+-e 0.48 1060 AIR
... 0.40 1055
1030
950
...__ 1--
Pe-(0. 4C)5CrI. 3Mo-il. SV
0.064 IN SHI!BT
ANN
0-400 0 400
TI!MP F
800 1200
0
FeY
'""'\ AIR MBLT AND VACUUM MELT ALLOY
(22, p.18)
60
~
t40~--~~~----1---~----;
0
TBMP- F -400 400 800 1200
FIG, 3. 0331 I!PFI!CT OF TBSI' TI!MPI!R AnlRB ON IMPACT TEMP F
STREN:;TH OF liAR AT VARIOUSHARDNI!55 FIG. 3.0333 I!FFI!CT OF TEST TI!MPERA11JRE ON
LBVBLS (B) IMPACT STRENGTH OP?.l.LO Y HEAT
TREATED TO 51 RC (7)(11)
CODE 1218
PAGE 19
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS R.EYISEDo DECEMe.~f! 1:163
Fe
0.4 c
1~ ~--~~--~~~~r----;-----;
5 Cr
L3 Mo 5
0.5 v
H-11 Mod
100 k----.~--~Q~--~MQ~----S~----;,:100Q
TI!MPF
FK;. 3. 0351 BFFBCT OP TBSr TlliiPBRA"IU RB ON SHBAR
STRJWnlf OP HBAT TRBATBD BOLTS
flO)
Pe-(0.4C}-5 Cr-I.3Mo-o. sv
.....
80
60
--1--,r--- r---- Fsu
0.06UN 5118Irr
ANN
PIG. 3.03711 BFFBCT OF TBST TI!MPBRA"IURB ON
NCJ1'CH STRJWnlf FOR VARIOUS STRI!Ss
CON::BNrRA nON PACTORS OF SHBBT
~
(15. P.129)
lil
w
41: ~
'\
20
0 200 MQ a IOOQ 1200
TI!MP-P Fe-(0.~-SCr-t.Ar.o-o. svl
0.060 IN SIIBBT
FIG. 3.0352 BPPECT OP TBST TI!MPBRA"IURB ON SHBAR PRBHBAT 1450 F, 20-30 MIN
STRI!Kl"IH OP ANNBALI!D SHBBT AUST 1850 F. 2DMIN. AC
(84. p.24) TRIPLB TI!MPBR" 975P,I HRBACH
,- .......... ...
I
360 ...
Fe-(0. 4C)-5Cr-1. liMo-G. 5V ''
''
-
0. 064 IN SHBBT
ANN I
320 I ' ..:..
r
200
r-
--........,
..___ FBRU
~ 280
~
200 I60
--...... ~
--
240
160 ~ f\.
.......,
I - - - SMOOrn
e/0
~~
.v
PBRY
160
80 tuJ
2.0
~
0 1.5
120
7"040
40 D -400 -200 0 200
TI!MP- p
0 200 MQ a IOOQ 1200
TI!MPP PIG. 3.03712 BFPBCT OF LOW TBSr TI!MPBRA"IURB
ON NOTCH STRI!Klnt OP SHBBT
FIG. 3.0361 BPPBCT OP TBST TI!MPBRA1URB ON BBARJK;
PROPERTIES OP ANNBALI!D SHBBT (26, p. 2::~
After: 2nd temper groumlto 0. 060 Ia aud ......,.,.e
(34. p. 33, 37}
~e decarburlzatl oo
CODE 1218
PAGE 20
FeUH
"REV.ISEOo DE(:f;MBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS
'
5 160
Pn. l:::::
~._;;; PTY
---
~~
'-~
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
v NBT .... &PniDI
/ v NBJ' F ACI"URB H-11 Mod
/ ~
........ 11\J -
STRBSS
o~
'
f::9:1o \
~0.100
ili 110 I
~ -~ FRACI"URB
VtRA~B
~
fo.320
ro
APPBARAK:S
- Al'PBARA!CB
-
F
...... r-- ~
. ..._
I--.- r-
rJ n r-e
'-...
_,. _.
PTY
~NBT~ I NBJ' FRACI"URB
110
J I STRi
f ~
FRA~B
-200 0
UFRACI"URB
ATRAK:B
:zoo 400
TBMP- F
0
J 200
APPBARA~B
liOO
CODE 1218
PAGE 21
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE[) QEC.!;MBER 1963
280
Pe(O. 4C)-5Cr-1.3Mo-G. SV
Fe I INDIA BAR
AUST1850P, 20MININSALT
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod
lil
w
OL---~L---~L---~~--~
-100 0 100 200 300
TEMP- P
PIG. 3.03715 BPPIICT OP LOW TBST TBMPERA'IlJRB
ON NOTCH STRBKl'Ill OF BAR
(30, Tbla. 21-28)
~~!~--~-200~~~~0~~-~~--~~~~~-J
TBMP- P
TBMP- P
PIG. 3. 03716 BPPBCT OF LOW TBST TBMPBR-
A'IlJRB ON NBT NOTCH STRBKl1H
OF SHBBT
(30, Thla, 21-:ZS)
CODE 1218
PAGE 22
FeUH
100
Fe-(0.. <IC)SCr-1. 3Mo-D. SV
..
Fe
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.:3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod
~INDIA I
~ ~J,.
20 0.080 IN BET
AUSTIBSOF, 20MJ
IN SALT
IND~ SAWC~
O TEMPER 2x 2HR
13
~~
e IOOOP ....i..
3/8 A IOSOP
IIOOP ~';l{fi! Pl\~
40 FATIGUE PRECRACKBD TO 0. 7 IN 0
80
60
~...
"':w:. 40
20
+TEMPI!R 2 X 2 HR Y.!'
e
0.~
IOOOF
A IOSOP
~
0 IIOOF
"' 1150 F
-100 1000 200 300
TEMP I'
PIG. 3.03721 EPPBCT OF Tl!l>"T TEMPERATURE
ON PLANE STRAIN PRAC1URE
TOOOHNBSS OF BAR (30,1bl. 21 28)
Fatigue precracltelltu produce approximately
o. 355 In dlamete:r
CODE 1218
PAGE 23
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 1863
Fe Pe:~ t(..'j:KOr1.llloiO-U.5V
0.4 c 300 I
700 P- Pn, -am
5 Cr 1::::---
200 ~= I
1.3
0.5
Mo
v
280
150 -,
-
250 lOOP Pro. 2150 m
Z40 200 'IUU l'-
H-(1 Mod 150 ~---- ~
200
~
100
250
~:Jzilo P...,, 220U I
-- ----
lOOP
5 160
AT
150
900P
-
---
eL
128
100
1000 p
r--..._
10
e.:
10
~ 0.7
100
10
60
1000 p
~
F n t 1 r5 JCSI
-....... --..:::: -
---
40
60 40 '~
160 ~UPTUIU!
0.1 10 100
'
1000
120 1ihiB FlR
~
PK;. 3.1MI CRliBP RUFru!I.B CURVBS POll ALLO
Y AT
VARIOUS Sl'RI! Mlnl LBVB LSAT 700
liJ 1o 1000P
W (I)
10
40
0 200 300 400
TIIMP p
PK;. 3. 037Z3 BPPB CT OF TBSr TI!MPBRA1URB
ON NBT Sl'RBSS AH:I PRAC 'ruRB
TOOOHNBSS OP lilfBBT
(33,J1,121)
--::::r- - :-- -
-
--- --
100
10001 '
110
60
0.1 10 100 1000
'mm HR
PIG. 3.1M2 CRBBP RUP'IURB CURV
BS AT aooTO 1000 F POl
lilfBBT HBAT TRBATIID TO Pro 190
JCSI (I)
1COOE 1218
l PAGE 24
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 1963
300r-------r-------r-----~F~e~~=o-.n~-~sc=r~-'1.~~~-~~~~.s~y~ Fe
F'e-(0.4C)-5Cr-1. 3Mo-o.sv
PRBHBAT -1oo0 P, Atm" 1850 F', AC
0-~~jl'f<l[ TI!MPBR 1025 P, 2x. 2 HR TMAL 0.4 c
200 +2Ha
~~-----}------~~==~~~==~~~A~,
1000 p
-- - 1
5
1.3
Cr
Mo
1200 p
1110
--RUPJ'IJRit~
'::,...
0.5 v
80
P:.:::~~J:RBBP H-11 Mod
60
0.001 0.01 0.1
TIMB -HR
PIG. 3. 043 SHORT TIMB CRBBP AND CRBBP
RUPTURE CURVBS AT 1000 AND 1200 P
FOR SHBBT HBAT TREA1"1!0 TO
P 'IU a 290 KSI (20)
180
100
iii 160
:.1
!2 80
140
60
120
40
100 lOOP
5
10 10 106
4 5 6 7 NUMBER OF CYCLBS
10 10 10 10
NUMBER OF CYCLBS
FIG. 3.054 SN CURVBS FOR NOTCHI!D AN> UNNOTCHI!D SPBCIMBNS
AT800F
PIG. 3.052 SN CURVBS FOR HBAT TRBATBD BAR (12) (28, p. 73, 74)
COOE 1218
PAGE 2S
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVI~ED ~~CEMBER 1963
10
.......... -
-
32
220 28
Pe(O. 4C)S Crl. 3MoO.S~
200
......... SURVIVAL
180 !'...
50%
160 .....
..... ,
' ...... 95%
. 99%
.....
.....
~.... -- --505%%
-..:-
120
------- ---9
--- m 16
.a. 7/8 IN BAR. 5S RC (7)
- - AUSFORMBO 90%
~ ;)o.0 641N SHEET, ANN (34)
- - - CO,E N110 NAL iEA 'IME 12
i
to6 to7 to 8
NUMBER OF CYCLBS 8
Ln-----~~----~400~--~6~00~--~soo~--~~=oo
PIG. 3. 056 SN CURVES FOR AUSPORMED AND o=---~~~~
CONVEN
TIONALLY HEAT TREA TED STEE TEM PP
L
(37, p.ll4 ) PIG. 3.062 1 MOOULUS OF ELASTICITY AT Roa.
f AN> ELEVATBO
TEMPBR.~nJIIES
(7)(9X34, P. II, 9)
CODE 1218
PAGE 26
~r&D~.~~~ .....,..,...._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
__ __________________
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
"'l.:r.~)'
36
Fe(O .fC)SCrJ .3MoO.S V Fe-(0. 40C)SCr 1. 3MoO. SV
HEAT TREATED Fe
lil
""32 - I
BAR
n; 260 KSI 0.4 c
~ E 5 Cr
~
T
28 160
1.3 Mo
30 35 so
40
ROCKWELL HARDNESS C SCALI!
<IS 55 60 0.5 v
FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR ALLOY HEAT
TREATED TO
VARIOUS HARDNESS LBVI!LS
(9) ~ 120 H-11 Mod
10 15 20 25 30
1000KSJ
FIG. 3.064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES AT Roct.l AND
I!LBVATBD TI!MPBRA1URBS FOR BAR HEAT
TREATED TO ProP 260 KSJ (ll)
~
".\2 1 I
~
Pro
280
ki- {lr
24
~ t'MANUAL WBJ.Dls
\
INERT G.~S SHIELDED
E
c
li!
:.c 240 ~0 "r~Jro,STBN ARC _
~~ ~ r\.
ME1liOD
~ 20 ~---<
16 \\
200
PTY
/<
1/..HODP STR~ ~
OPWBLD ED
VESSEL ~.... ~
160
12 /o PARENT METAL} 0 024 IN
"- BUTT WI!LDBD "
SHE;.._~
..._ ..,;
e WELDED VESSELS + 1325 P, 2 HR
120
--
8
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
~ 10
~
u
~
TI!MP P
~ 0
e (21N)
PIG. 3. 0623 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN COMPR BSSION AT 950 1000
1050 1100 1150 1200
ROOM AND ELEVATED TI!MPERA1URES OF
ANNEALED SHEET TI!MPBRING TI!MP p
FIG. 4. 031 EPPBCT OF TI!MPI!RING TI!MPBRA1URI! ON
(34, p. 28) STRBNG'Ill
OF WELDRD SHEET AND PRESSURE VESSELS (21)
CODE 1218
PAGE ,,.
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 1963
"Report on
Evaluation of the ForseaJ>lllty and Mechan ical Properti
.
'
es of
Vaacoje t 1000 Alloy," Project ZAX14 , ZCLR-1
54,(1958 )
17 Shannon, ].L., Jr., Bapey, G.B., RepleD, .A.J.
i'- and Brown,
H-11 Mod W. F., ]r,, ".Bffect of Carboa Content and Meltb!g Practice
-4000 on Room Temper ature Sharp 13'd&e Notch Tentlle
0.008 0.016 o.o:u 0.032 Charsct erlarlca ol HU Modllled and 300M lilteet
Steels,"
CASB DI!PTH - IN Proceedb !gs of the ASTM. Vol. 60, (1960)
PIG. 4.0541 .EFFECT OF NITRID!Ml DI!PTH ON 18 AIResea rch, (1958)
HARDNESS 19 Clevelan d Fl>ewnatlc Tool Co (1958)
(9, p.15) 20 Internatl oaal Nickel Co. , (1958)'
21 Baloga, M... "Effect of Heat Treatme nt Var1atlo
ua oa the
Buratb!g Srrqth ol1bln Walled Pressur e Vessels
Fabricat ed
from Vascoje t 1000 Steel, "Martin Co., Rep. No.
BR 10121
5, (Sept. 1958)
22 Hamake r, J. B. , Ir. and Vater, B. J. , "Cuboo
5trcnstb
Relatton ahlpa oa 5 percent Chromiu m Ultra High
Strengtll
Steels," ProceediJ>&a ol the .ASTM, Vol. 60, (1960)
23
America n Iron and Steel Institute "High Temper
ature High
Strength Alloys", (Februa ry, 1963)
24 Crucible Steel Compaoy, "Halcom b 218 Hot Wort
Steel", Data
Sheet Issue No. 4, (Octobe r 1962)
25 Adams, ]. G. "The Determl llatlon ol Spectral l!mlsslv
ltlea
Rcllectl vltles and Aboorpt tvlttes ol Materia ls and
Coatb!g s",
Northro p Corpom tloa Report No. Nor. 61189, (August
3,1961)
26 Rice, L.P., Cambell, J,B. and Simmon s, W.F
.
"Bu1uat tan at rbe .Bffects ol Very Low Temper ature
on
lbe Properti es af .A1rcrsft and Missile Metals" ,
W.ADD
TR 60214, (Feb. 1960)
27 "Fractu re Teatb!g ollflab Str...rt~J Sheet Materia
l a" 3rd
Report af a ~ ASTM Clmmlt tee Maierla la
Reaearc b
and Standard s. Vol. I, (New, 1961)
28 Bi...Jerlct, R. F., "Fatigue and Dynamic Creep of High
Strength Steels" ASDID R-6248 0, (Aug. 1962)
29 Brisbane , A. W., "The Inveorlgatlon ol the Bflecttr
ol Loodb!g
Rale and Stress Concent ration Factors on lbe Notch
Properti es of Three Sheet Alloys at Subzero Temper
RBPBRBNCBS atures..,
.ASD IDR62 930, (March, 1963)
30 Hanna, G. L. and Steigerw ald, B.A., "Fractu re
Charact eristics
1 of Structur al Metals, " Pilla! Summar y Technic
AMS 6437, (Ncw.1, 1959) al Report
2 AMS 6485A, (JuDe 30, 1962) BR,5426 , TAPCO Division Thomps on Ramo Woolclg
ndge,
3 AMS 6487, (JuDe 30, 1962) Inc. , (JUDe 30, !963)
4 Narth Amertca n Aviation, Inc., Columbu s Dlv., 31 MArtla, C.P.,'-GerlEi!cb, W. w., MeCamont, ].M. and
"Thermo ld
A, Thermol d J and Vascoje t 1000 Steel Sleet Bvaluatl Harmon , r.::.L., "Reaear cb In rbe Mechan lam of
on" Strengthening In Auaform ed Steel", ASD IDR-62
Rep. No. NA 58H302 , (July 22, 1958) -692,
5 Narth America n Aviation, Inc., Colwnbu s Dlv., (Feb. 1963)
"Thermo ld J 32 Scrnka, R. P., Heise, R. B. I.Dd Roes, S. T.,
and Vaacoje t 1000 Bar and Billet Bvaluatl "Auaform
on," Rep. No. NA Procesab !g of Steel by Forging ", .ASD TR-614 28,
58 H416, (Oct. 9, 1958) (March
6 Vanadium Alloya Steel Co., "Inspect ion Results 1962)
on Vascoje t 33 Banergee, B. R. and Hauser, ].]., "Re-rc h and
1000 Billets lor North America n Aviation", Dora Application
Sleet, &afneer ll1g to Determi ne tbe .Bffect ol Proceaa b!g
(Sept. 1959) Variable s
7 Al!<!!heu y Ludlum Steel Corp., "AISI H 11 In Crack Propapt loa af UighStr engtb Steels and
or Potomac A," ntanlum ",
Data Sleet, (Sepr. 1959) .ASD IDR-62 1034, Part I, (Aprll19 63)
Crucible Steel Co. ol America , "Crucib le 218, Martens 34 Hennb!g, R.G. and Brls..ne. .A. W., "Mec:hanlcal
ltlc Properti es
Type High Temper ature Steel," (May 1958) ol AM 350, Potomac A, Patomac M. and Vasco
]et-1000
9 Vanadium Alloys Steel Co., "Vascoj et 1000 !or Ultra Steel Alloys In the Annealed Conditio n," .ASD IDR-63
High 116,
Str...rt~J S<rucrural Require ments," (1959) (May, 1963)
10 Ba~m~garrner, T., Standard Pressed Steel Co., 35 Srelgl.rwald, B. A. aDd Hanna, G. L., "Strain Aging
Rep. No. 86 and
(May 1957) Delayed Failure In HlghSrr engtb Sreela" ASD IDR-62
968,
11 Vanadhun Alloys Steel Co., "Mechanical and Physical (New. 1962)
Properti es ol Vaacoje t 1oo0," Dora Sleet, (Nov. 36 Yount, R. B., "Determ lnaUon ol l!ngiJieerlng Properti
4, 1958) es of
12 Boder, N. and Stmtovl ch, B.A., "Tensio n-Tensio Mar-Str alued Steele", ASD IDR62 230, (August
n Fatigue , 1962)
Properti es oiSCrM oV Steel Bar HentTr ented 37 ]uarusso n, W.M. and Zactay, V. W., "l!qriJie erb!g
to the 220 Properti es
270 kal Ultimate TensUe Strength Range;" Republl of Ausformed Steel," Metal Prqp:ea s, Vol.
82, No. 6,
c Aviation
Corp., BRMR 387G, (May 19, 1958) (Dec .. 1962)
13 Bapey, G.B., Jones, M.H. and Brown, W. P., Jr.,
"The
S...q 13'd&e Notch Tensile Strength s ol Several
High-Str ength
Steel Sleet Alloys, "Procee dings ol the ASTM, Vol.
59,
(1959)
COOE 1218
PAGE 28
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
CODE 1219
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
...............
CODE 1219
PAGE 2
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
~
~0:
56 ~
;!
..I
..I 52 !TEMPER
Ill
lJ; e SINGLE
"'g
0:
oousLE
TRlPJ..B
411Joo 950 1000 1050 uoo uso
TEMPERING TEMP - F
400
TEMPBRING TEMP
975 F
320
1000 F
1025 F
1050 F
1075 F
~
tJ 240
0: llOO F
USO F
1200 F
160
1300 F
80H----+----4-----~--~
0
o~--~o~.040~--~0~.0~80~--~0~.1~20~~0~.160
TEMPERING TEMP F STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 1.064 EFFECT OF AUSFORMING ON HARDNESS FOR FIG. 3. 0211 STRESSSTRAIN CURVES FOR BAR
VARIOUS TEMPERING TEMPERATURES TEMPERED TO VARIOUS STRENGTH
(6) LEVELS (1, p. 12)
CODE 1219
PAGE 3
FeUH
FERROUS AU.OYS
RE"VI SED MARCH 196E
480
Fe F -o.sc-cr- Mo-W-V Fe0.5C- cr-Mo-w -v
CVM BAR
480 t---+ -- CVM BAR
0.5 c 400
1000 F
1025 F
AUST 2025 F, 5 MIN
1050 F, SQ
Cr 1050 F +TEMPE R 2+2+2 HR
1075 F
Mo 1100 F 400
320
w
1150 F
v 320
~ 240 1200 F
:.(
VascoM A
~ 240
160
160
80
80
0
0 0.20 0.40 0.60
TRUB STRAIN - IN PER IN
0
FIG. 3.0212 TRUB STRBSSTRUB sntAlN
40
CUll_VBS FOR BAR TBMPBRBD ~
<zl
TO VARIOUS STRBNG1li LBVBLS u
(l,p.l2) a:
...<zl
0
950 1350
~
320
j
280 I.J-
240
FTuj_ (j_
I LL VFTY
~
160
/_ j_
120
'
L L7
CODE - 1219
PAGE 4
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
500 400
Fe-O.SCCrMo-W-V Pe-o.5CCr-Mo-w-v Fe
PTU 320KSI
CVM 0.5 c
400 320~----+-----4-----~
Cr
Mo
iil
:..: 300 w
v
200
'Iasco MA
A. A CONVENTIONAL
100 e o AUSFORMED 91%
40
400
Pe-o.sc-cr-Mo-w-v
PTU 350KSI
CVM
320 1-----1----+---1
40
Pe-o. SCCrMoWV
CVM
AUSTENITIZBD
30
e 2050 F
0 2025 F
"'
..l
20
t:
10
CODE 1219
PAGE
FeUH
FERROU S ALLOYS REVISE"DMAR0.1 l~66
360
Fe ........ ....
Fe O,SC CrMoWV
,,:}~-
(..,.._ F 1150
'--;~r-
Mo u.
280 1100
-~
w lil
:.: TU- "'ill
1000
FnrKSI
v __
1-o 1050
250
240 1000
900
TEMPERED AT 300
Vasco MA e !OOOF
345
"" 1075F
200 350
BOO
10 102 tal toS
EXPOSURE TIME HR
FIG. 3,0315 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR
STABILITY OF TENSILE PROPERTIES
FOR VARIOUS EXPOSURE TIMBS
(1)
TEST TEMP F
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR TEMPERED AT !OOOF
AND 1075F (7)
IBCHARPYV
0~--~----~----~
500 r-----r-----r-----~----~-----r----0 0 400 BOO 1200
Fe O,SC CrMoWV TEMP F
240
Pe-o. 5<:.-<:r~wsZt
200 p...,_
200
~0 360 KSI
~
100
80
A "- CONVENTIONAL,
0
TEMPERED 1075F
AUSFORMED 91%,
TEMPERED IOSOF
i2 160 " ~
fTU-350
~~
RA
"'
u 40
120
ffi
a.
0 "
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 5 6 7
10 10 10
TEST TEMP F NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3,0314 EFFECT OF AUSFORMINJ ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AT
PIG. 3, 051 SN CURVE FOR HEAT TREATED BAR
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (6) (1, p. 17)
CODE 1219
PAGE 6
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
"'.':"'
::0.
Pe-o.sc-Cr- Mo-w-v
CVMBAR
Fe
320
PTU350KS ! 0.5 c
600:~
~\
Cr
900P
~p Mo
240
w
~
1000 p_j
v
160
Vasco MA
~~----
3 ~--~~--~----~----~ 80
5 6
10 10 10 I 07
NUMBeR OF CYCLI!S
28 I"
'
~
~ 24 ~
20
0 ~ 1200 1600
TeMP P
~~--~----P~e~-o~.s~c--c~r-~M-o--w--v-,
CVMBAR
PTU 350 KSI
320~R~T~~+-----~----~----~
600P
SOOF
240 ~p
900l' RBPBRBNCeS
1000 P.
Vanadium Alloys Steel Co., "Vascojet MA, A New Ultra
High Strength Steel for Structural Requirement s," (1961)
2 Gowen, e. T. , Jr. and Waeltz, R. , "A 300, 000 pal Mini
mum TensUe Strength Fastener Assembly for Use to 550 P, "
Standard Pressed Steel Co., Rep. No. 659, Ouly 1961)
3 "Properties and Fabrication Vasco Y2 CVM Ultra High
Strength Steel," Vanadium Alloys Steel Corp., Qune 1961)
4 Gowen, B. F., Jr. and Waeltz, R., "l!xternal Wrenching
Bolt and Featherweigh t Locknut with 300, 000 pal Strength
at Room Temperature and 240, 000 pal Strength at 900 F, "
0 Standard Pressed Steel Co., Report No, 701, (Dec. 1961)
o~--~1~0----~20~-A~3ou_--~.o 5 "New Ultra High Strength Steel," Materials In Design
1000 KSI Bng!neerlng, Vol. 54, No.4, (October 1961)
6 JulltUuon, W. M. and Zackay, V. F., "Bnglneerlng Proper
~ I FIG. 3.064 TAI'I:leNI' MODULUS CURVI!S AT ties of Ausformed Steels, " Metal Progress, Vol. 82, No.6,
I ~
Roa.t AND eLBVATf!DTBMPBRA (December 1962)
TURI!S FOR HeAT TReATeD BAR 7 Alloy Digest, "Vascojet MA (CVM)," FlUng Code SA ISO,
(1, p. 18) Bnglneerlng Alloys Digest, Inc. , Ouly I 963)
CODE 1219
PAGE 7
REVISED= SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR= DR. R. P. WEI
TABLE 1 042
Source Tal
1. 02 Alternate Designations Alloy Fe-18NI-7. 5 Co-5Mo-TI- Al
18Ni (250) marag!ng steel, 250 grade marag!ng steel, Type of
18 percent nickel precipitntion-har dening steel, Grade Analysis Ladle Check
B-MAR-18-250. Percent Percent
Element
Minimum Maximum Under Minimum Over Maximum
Cru:oon - 0.02 - 0.01
!
Manganese - 0.10 - 0.01
Phosphorous -- 0.010
0.010
-
-
(I.O'J&
0.003
Sulfur
1. 03 SPecifications
Sill con
Nickel 1~.0l'
- 0.10
19.00 0.20
- O.O.l
0.20
ASTM A538-65, Grade B for plates (1, pp. 818-821) 8.50 0.15 0.15
Cobalt 7.00
AMS 6520, CVM sheet, strip, nnd plate (2). !;.00 O.lt' 0.10
Molybdenum 4.60
Tltnnium O.:JO 0.50 0.04 11.04
Aluminum 0.05 0.15 0.02 0.01
Boron - O.COS l - 0.003
- -
I
Zirconium* 0.02
Calcium* o.os - -
1.04 Composition
lron Balam." - -
*Additions
1.041 5Pecl(ied composition.
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970
Fe
1.05
1.051
Heat Treatment
Anneal. 1450 to 1650F, 1 hour per Inch of thickness,
15-30 minutes minimum, air cool, generally recom-
1.082 lnlluence of carbon content on the room temperature
properties of laboratory vacuum melted plate, Table
L
1.082.
18 Ni mended. Double annealing treatment of 1650-1700 F,
1 hour, air cool, plus 1500-1550 F, 1 hour, air cool,
7'.5 Co Is also recommended . Selection of an optimum anneal-
ing temperature in terms of strength and toughness will TABLE 1 08~
~
the amount of banding and to minimize its deleterious 2.01 Thermal Properties
Fe
effects on the transverse properiies of heavy sections 2.011 Melting range approximately 2600 to 2650 F. 18
(10)(16)(17). 2.012 Phase changes. Alloy transforms to martensite on slow
Nl
1.094 Isothermal embrittlement. This steel may be severely cooling from annealing temperature. Ms =450 F and 7.5 Co
embritUed by certain high-temperature thermal treat- Mr = 300F approximately (see Figure 2.0122); these
ments involved in processing and fabrication. Tile most temperatures depend on the al.ioy composition, Ms being 5 Mo
severe embrittlement results from prolonged exposure lowered by molybdenum (8)(9). Austenite reversion oc-
1n the temperature range 1500 to 1800 F following heat- curs on overaglng which depends on time aad tempera- Ti
ing to 2200 to 2400 F, and is caused by the precipitation ture and on composition (8)(14). Austenite content after
of TiC, N at austenite boundaries and the marked coar- aging for 80 hours at 900F is abcut 12 percent (8). Length AI
sening of the austenite grains during high temperature changes from maraging, which varies with processing
heating (10). This condition would be encountered if history, is approximately o.os percent (4).
the alloy is allowed to cool very slowly following prior 2.0121 1'lme-temperature-transformation diagrams. 18NI (250)
hot working. For this rewn hot working should be 2.0122 Austenite-to-martensite transformation curve, Figure
followed by as rapid an air cool as possible (10)(18). 2.0122. Maraglng
Heavy sections welded by high heat Input processes may 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Figure 2.013.
also exhibit this embrittlement (see reference 10 for 2.014 Thermal expansion. 75 to 900 F, 5. 6 x 10-6 inch per
greater detail). inch per F, Figure 2. 014.
1.0941 E[fect of combined annealing treatments on impact
2.015 Specific heat, Figure 2.015.
strength of annealed plate, Figure 1. 0941.
2.016 Thermal diffuslvlty (see 2.013, 2.015, and 2.021).
1.0942 E[fect of combined anneal.lng treatments on impact
strength of annealed-and-aged plate, Figure 1.0942. 2.02 Other Physical Properties
1.0913 E[fect of combined annealing treatments on strength 2.021 Density. 0.29lb per cu in, 8.0 gm per cu em (3)(4)(5).
and crack toughness of plate, Table 1. 0943. 2.022 Electrical resistivity. Electrical resistivity increases
TABLE 1 0943 within the indicated ranges primarily with titanium con-
Source (10, pp. 131-137) lent (see also Section 2. 022, FeUH 1225)(4).
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al As annealed at 1500F 23.6- 27.5 microhm -In
Form Air Melt, 0. 7 in Plate, L 60-70 mlcrobm - em
Condition 1650F, 1.5 Hr, AC + 1530F, 1.5 llr, AC+ Maraged, 3 hr- 900F 13.8-23.6 mlcrohm- 1n
Indicated Treatment 35 - 60 microhm - em
Addi tiona! Heat Ftu Fty c(1.4in) RA IE Charpy-V KJc 2.023 Magnetic properties (see Section 2.023, FeUH 1225).
Treatment ksl ksl crcent ercent fl-lb * ks!Viii 2.0231 D. c. magnetic properiies. Permeability at 200 oer-
None (Mlll annealed)
2300F, 1 hr, AC
148 133 17
150 115 16
70
63
61
75
--
steds =77. 5. Saturation induction equals 2l. 2 kllo-
gauss at 1300 oersteds (26).
2300F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, 2.0232 A. C. magnetic properiies.
( 3 hr, AC 246 223 7 24 13 75 2.024 Emittance.
2300 F, 1 hr, quench to 2.025 Damping capacity.
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 144 115 9 28 8 46
2300F, 1 hr, quench to 2. 03 Chemical Properiies
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 2.031 Corrosion resistance.
+ 900F, 3 hr, AC 236 232 1.4 1 3.5 32 2.0311 General. Atmospheric environments, such as indus-
2400F, 1 hr, AC 149 108 11 69 81 - trial and marine atmospheres, corrode the maraging
2400 F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, steels 0.0005 to 0.001 inch per year, abcut half that or
3 hr, AC 252 234 2 3 11 60 normal high-strength low-alloy steels. static immer-
2400 F, 1 hr, quench to sion tests show the average corrosion rate to be o. 003
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 142 110 - - 6 43 inch per year In qulet sea water (0. 5 ft per sec), and
2400 F, 1 hr, quench to 0. 007 to 0. 011 inch per yeaT in flowing sen water (at
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 2 rt per sec) and 0.09 to O.lll.nch per year (at 130ft
+ 900F, 3 hr, AC 256 237 1.4 2 5.5 36 per sec), these rates being comparable to those !or con-
* At +80F. trol samples of 4340 and HY-80 steels. The maraglng
steels corrode substantially in tap water, some neutral
salt solutions, and some inorganic and organic acids.
1.095 Hydrogen embritUement. Hydrogen embritUes this Their corrosion rate is lower than that of low-alloy
alloy but it exhibits a greater tolerance for hydrogen steels heat treated to high strength levels. In general,
than other high-strength steels such as 4340 at lower the maraging steels should be protected from exposure
strength levels. This has been demonstrated by both to corrosive solutions by some means, such as a suitable
tensile tests and stntic fatigue tests. Charging condi- coating. Conventional cathodic protections, as witb zinc
tions (0. 02 amps per square inch for 5 minutes) that anodes, is not recommended because of the danger of
severely reduce the reduction or area or 4340 (Ftu = hydrogen embrittlement (4)(19)(27)(28)(29).
230 ksl) have no effect on this grade of maraging steel. 2.0312 Stress corrosion cracking. This maraging steel exhibits
Sufficiently severe charging conditions will reduce the better stress corrosion resistance than 18Nl (300) mar-
ductility of this steel. Recovery by baking is much aging steel (FeUH 1225- Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al) and
more rapid than observed for 4340, a bake of 24 hours other low-alloy high-strength steels, such as 4340 heat-
at 400 to GOOF usually restores their full mechanical treated to high strength levels; however, a suitable coat-
properties (4)(19)(20). Hydrogen embrittlement may ing is recommended (4)(27)(29)(30). Two point loaded
result from high-temperature treatment in certain at- beam-type specimens and U-bend specimens tested 1n
mospheres, such as cracked ammonia. The embrlt- industrial and marine atmospheres, and in sea water
Uement effect is completely removed by the standard gave widely varying results, which may be caused in
aging treatment (3 hours at 900 F)(10). Electroplating part by differences in processing history (25)(27)(29)(30).
and acid chemical r.ontouring do not appear to embritUe Delayed failure can occur in water environment. The
this steel; however, specific processes should be sensitivity to water- or moisture-enhanced crack
checked by control tests before adoption (21)(22). Dry growth is loss than that !or 18Nl (300) maraglng steel
hydrogen at 1 atmosphere causes rapid crack extension and 4340 (28)(31)(32). Moisture has only a slight effect
1n this steel under both static and fatigue loads (see on the l"ate or fatigue-crack growth In this alloy (23)(33).
Figures 2.03124 and 3.0523)(24). This ecrect is elimi- Dry hydrogen (at 1 atmosphere) causes a large increase
nated by the introduction of moisture into the hydrogen 1n the rate of crack growth under static (sustslned) lc
!1tTnnAnhnT"n I?~~ --..:11 , _ ,_._,~. ___ , ....0\lft~\1--- ------ ............ ~ --~ ...... ~ ...... ,
. ~ .........
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970
7.5 Co
platas in 3 percent NaCl solution at room temperat ure,
F.lgure 2. 03122. Source
..
TABLE 3 014
(3)
2.03123 Delayed failure character istics of air-melte d plate in Alloy Fe-18NI- 7. 5Co-5Mo -Ti-Al
5 Mo synthetic sea water at room temperatu re, Figure Condition 1700F, 1 hr min, AC + 1500F, 1 hr min, AC
2.03123. + 900.:!: 10F, 6 hr
Ti 2.03124 Inluence of stress intensity factor K on the rate of Form CVM Billets, Bars, Rod, Wire, Shapes, Wid
crack growth under sustained load in dry hydrogen at
AI 1 atmosphe re Wid room temperatu re, Figure 2. 03124. Cross Section
Extrusion s
Dimensio n
Thickness or
18NI (250) Diameter - in <3 <3 >3
3. MECHANICAL PROPERT IES Width- in <3
Maraolno Direction L
>3 >3
L LT L T
3.01 !!ecified Mechanic al Proeertie s Ftu. min - ksl 250 250 250 245 245
3.011 ASTM specified mechanic al propertie s for plate, Table Fty min - ksl 240 240 240 240 240
3.011. e(4D), min -percent 8.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 5.0
RA, min - percent 40.0 40.0 25.0 40.0 25.0
TABLE 3 011
Source ASTM (1)
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo -Ti-Al
Condition 3.02 Mechanic al Propertie s at Room Temperat ure
1500-175 0F, 1 hr per In min, 1 hr
3.021 Tenslon(s ee also 3. 027).
min, AC or WQ + soo+ 25F, 4 hr
Form 3.0211 Stress-st rain diagrams (see also 3.0311). Stress-
Plate, L Wid T
Ftu, min - ksl strain curve for annealed Wid aged bar, Figure 3. 0211.
240 3.0212
~ty. min - ksi
Typical tensile propertie s.
230 to 260 3.02121
e(2 In), min- percent Producer s' typical rW!ge of tensile propertie s, Table
6 3.02121.
RA ( in 2 inch GL), min -
percent TABLE 3 02121
lulund cross section Source (4)(5)(35)
specimen s 35 Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo -TI-Al
Rectangu lar cross Annealed
Condition Annealed 1500 F,1hr
section specimen s 30 1500 F, 1 hr +Age 900F, 3 hr
Ftu- ksi 145-165 240-270
F1 - ksl 105-130 230-265
e(lln) - percent 8-16 4-10
3.012 AMS, specified mechanic al propertie s for sheet Wid
plate, Table 3.012.
e(1 In) - percent
RA- percent
- 10-12
55-70 30-60
Hardness HC 28-35 48-52
TABLE 3 012
Source AMS (2)
IA!!oy Fe-18NI-7 . 5Co-5Mo -Ti-Al 3.02122 Typical tensile propertie s of sheet, plate, und bar,
Condition Anneal15 00F- 25, AC +Age 900F-10 , 3 to 5 hrs, Table 3.02122.
AC
Form CVM, Sheet, Stl'ip, Wid Plate; T or L * TABLE 3 02122
0.030 0.046 0.066 0.091 0.126 0.251 Source (25, pp. 30-32, 111-118)
0.375 Alloy
Thickness - In Under thru thru thru thru thru to Fc-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo -(0.38-0.4 3)TI-Al
or Condition
0.030 0.045 0.065 0.090 0.125 0.250 0.375 CVM Mill Anneal 1500 F + 900 F 3 llr
over Form
Ftu, min - ksi 255 255 255 255 0. 07 in Thick Sheet 0. 25 In Thick Plate 7/8 in Din Bar
255 255 255 255
Fty, min - ksl 245 245 245 245 Direction L T L T
245 245 245 245 L
e, min- percent No. of Tests* 30 30 30 30 30
(0.51n)
(1. 0 In)
1.0 2.0
- -
- - - - - - Ftu- ksi
MeW! 263 269
- -
2.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 - - l\Unimum
253 248 261
(2.0 In or 4D) 2.5- 3.0 4.0 5.0
* T - for widths 9 Inches or over; L - for widths less thWI 9
6.0 Maximum
242
285
248
292
246
262
241 256
inches. 253 266
Standard Dev 16.0 16.2 4.8 3.0 3.0
Fty- ksi
Mean 257 263 244 238*** 252
3.013 Pro<h:cer guarWltee d mechanic al propertie s for CVM Minimum 232 237 235 232 242
sheet, strip, Wid plate, Table 3. 013. Maximum 282 288 254 244 257
Standard Dcv 17.7 18.7 5.7 3.1 3.7
e(2 In) - Percen 3.7 3.1** 7.4 7.5 9.7
TA'RT.E ~ 01~ 3.0-4.5) (3.0-5.0) (6.0-9.0) (6.0-8.0) (9.0-10.0 )
Source (3) RA- Percent - - - -- 46
Allov
Condition
Fe-18Ni-7 . 5Co-5Mo -Tl- A!
Mill annealed + 900- 10 F, 6 hrs
- - -
From 3 productio n heats, 10 specimen s per heat
(43-48)
Form CVM Sheet, Strip, and Plate, L and T Average of 28 tests
Under 0.045 0.065 0.090 0.125 0.250 Average of 29 tests
Thickness - In 0.045 thru thru thru thru or
0.064 0.089 0.124 0.249 over
Ftu min - ksl 255 255 255 255 255 255 3.0213 Effect of annealing treatment on tensile propertie s (sec
Fty min - ksi 245 245 245 245 245 245 also Section 3.0213, FcUH 1225, 18NI (300) maraging
e, min - percent steel).
(0.5 In)
(1. 0 In)
-- 4.0
2.0
-
5.0
- - - 3.02131 Influence of annealing temperatu re on tensile propertie s
of bar, Figure 3.02131.
6.0 8.0 9.0
(2.0 In) - - 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 3.02132 Influence of annealing temperatu c on the tensile prop-
erties of plate, Figure 3.02132.
FeUH
REVISED= SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
3.02133 Infiuence of high-temperatur e annealing treabnent on 3.021442 Tensile properties of annealed and .ged billets, Table
tensile properties of plate, Figure 3.02133. 3.021442. Fe
3.02134 Effects of solution annealing temperature and aging time TABLE 3.021442
on the tensile properties of VIM + CVM plate, Figure Source (4G) 18 Ni
3.02134. Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
3.02135 Effect of annealing temperature on the tensile properties Condition Annealed 1G00-1G50F, +Age 900F, 3 bOUt'll 7.5 Co
of annealed and aged sheet, Figure 3,02135. Form CVM Forged Billets, T
3.0214 Effect of aging on tensile properties. Size 3 in Rd 4in Rd 5 in Rd 7 1/2111 Rd 5 Mo
Effect of aging on tensile properties of sheet. 251 248 248
3.02141
3.021411 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile
Ftu- ksl 247
238 243 235 237 I Ti
Fty- ksi
properties of sheet, Figure 3. 021411. 37 34
RA- percent 33 3G
7
AI
3.02142 Effect of aging on tensile properties of p::.ate. ~ (4D) - percent 8 8 G
3.021421 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile
properties of air-melted plate, Figure 3. 021421. 18 NI (250)
3.021443 Tensile properties of air and vacuum melted slab, Table
3.021422 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile prop-
erties of VIM+ CVM plate, Figure 3.021422. 3.021443.
TABLE 3 021443
MaraolnQ
3.021423 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile prop-
erties or hot rolled and aged plate, Figure 3. 021423. Source (9)
3.021424 Effect of aging temperature on the tensile properties of IAlloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo- -JU
annealed plate from three heals, Figure 3. 021424. Form 2 1/2 to 2 3/4 in thick slab, ST
3.021425 Effect or aging temperature on the tensile properties or Melting Practice Air Melt CVM
hot-rolled and annealed plate from two heats, Figure Ftu- ksl 275 280
3.021425. Fl- ksi 260 268
3.021426 Effect of duplex "l,'ing treatments on the tensile proper- R -percent 25 35
ties of 300 lb laboratory vacuum-melted plate, Table e (2 in) - percent 3 10
3.021426.
3.0215 Effect of cold work on tensile properties (see 3. 0215,
TABLE 3 021426 FeUH 1225).
(44]_ 3.0216 EUect of rolling and sheet thickness on tensile proper-
Source
Fc-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al ties.
Alloy
300 lb Lab Vac Melted Heat, 1/2 in 3.02161 Effect of rolling temperature on the tensile properties or
Form
Plate L annealed, rolled, and aged sheet, Figure 3.02161.
1500 F, 1 Hr, AC + Age as fndlcated 3.02162 Effect of Clnlshing temperature for hot rolling and cool-
ConcllUon
RA IE Charpy-V ing rate on tensile properties of laboratory air-induction
Fty Ftu e(1in)
ksi ksi percent percent rt-lb melted plate aged at 900F, Figure 3.021G2.
Aging Treabnent
130 150 18 80 119 3.02163 Effect of finishing temperature for bot rolling and cool-
None anneal ed
12 G2 35 ing rate on tensile properties of laboratory air-induction
900F, 3 hr* 251 254
melted plate aged at 850F, Figure 3.02163.
900F, 11/2 hr, AC + 900F,
260 12 GO 34 3.02164 Tensile prope&tles of sheet and plate from an air-melted
11i2 hr 256
270 12 G2 31 heat, Table 3. 02164.
900F, G hr 266
270 12 58 29 TABLE 3 02164
900F, 3 hr, AC + 900F 3 hr 2GG
13 G1 32 Source (36, Tables 5-8)
900F, 3 hr, AC +GOOF, 24 hr 255 257
13 G2 33 Alloy Fe-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Tl- Al
900F, 3 hr, AC +GOOF, 48 hr 254 257
2G4 12 61 30 Conclltion Mill annealed+ Age 925 F 3 br
700F, 48 hr 261
12 G1 23 Form Air Melt, Sheet, and Plate
700F, 48 hr, AC + 900 F, 3 hr 270 277
0.160 Inch 0.375 inch 0. 750 Inch
264 13 G1 27 Thickness 0.045 Inch
900F, 3 hr, AC + 700F, 48 hr 260
T L IT L T
290 12 55 23 Direction L T L
BOOF, 48 hr 289
Ftu- ksi 234 247 239 242 240 240 244 237
SOOF, 48 hr, AC + 900F, 3 hr 277 280 11 58 25
Fty- ksi 234 246 226 230 233 231 226 227
900F, 3 hr, AC + SOOF, 24 hr 271 275 12 56 24
58 23 e(1 in) - percent 1.3 1.8 12 11 18 18 - -
900F, 3 hr, AC + SOOF, 48 hr 287 290 11
21 e(2 In) - percent - -- - - -- -10 12
900F, 3 hr, AC + 800F, 72 hr
* Standard aging treatment.
293 294 11 G7
RA- percent - - - -38 49
TABLE 3 021441
e(2 In) - percent - - - - - - 12 -
Source (16)
Fc-18Ni-7. 5 Co-5Mo-Tl- AI
RA- percent - - - - - - 54 44 54 40 14
Allov
OondlUon 1500F, 1/2 to 1 hour, AC + 900F, 3 hours
Form CVM Forged Blllete, T 3.02166 Effect or rolling temperature on tensile properties of
Size 6 inches Square 9 Inches Square 12 Inches Square plale, Flgw.e 3.02166.
Location MR c MR c MR c 3.02!67 Effect of forging temperature on tensile properties of
Ftu- ksl 260 262 253 252 251 253 5:1 upset forged pancakes, Figure 3.02167.
Fty- ksl 254 260 248 248 246 248 3.0217 Effect of titanium on tensile properties o annealed and
RA- percent 9 9" 8.5 8.0 7.0 8.0 aged sheet from laboratory and production heats, Fig-
---- __ ._
-a- ~ ~ "' ~~ ~R
""
. ~""'.
3.022 Compression (see also 3.032). 3. 0261 Typical bearing strengths of sheet and plate, Table
3.0261.
Fe 3.0221
3.0222
stress-strsin diagrams (see Figure 3. 0321).
Compressive yield strength.
18 Nl 3.02221 Compressive yield strength of annealed and aged bar,
Table 3.02221.
TABLE3 0261
Source (25, pp. 133-141)
7.5 Co Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Condition CVM, Mill Anneal1500F +Age 900F 3 hours
5 Mo TABLE 3.02221
e/D 1.5 2.0
Source (6)
Form (a) 0. 07 in Sheet o. 25 in Plate 0.07 in Sheet 0. 25 in Plate
Ti ~oy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Direction L T T L T T
Form Bar
AI Annealed Annealed + Aged
Fbru(b) - ksi
Mean 350~) 352 357 472 48(1 460
Condition 1500F, 1/2 hr, AC 1500F, 1/2 hr, AC
Minimum - - 341 430 446 439
18NI (250) Melting Practice Alr Melt CVM
+ 900F, 3 hr
Air Melt CVM
Maximum
Fbry(b) - ksi
- - 376 519 528 494
MaraQinQ
Fey*- ksi 150
I 149 283
I280
Mean 319(c) 323 339 387 390 378
* Averages of 3 tests. Minimum -- - 320 342 326 335
Maximum - 367 451 471 447
(a) 0.07 inch sheet tested in .:.un thickness; 0.25 inch plate tested in
0.1inch thickness.
(b) From 3 production heats, ten specimens per heat except as noted.
(c) For ten specimens from a single heat.
ttfH~
0.50 0.25 2.0
Source
TABLE 3 02222
(25, pp. 119-125)
--j ~ r--
0.25 Diameter?
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
Condition CVM,Mill anneal 1500 F + Age 900 F, 3 hr
e 1.0 'o. 50 Diameter o.75
Form o. o7 in sneet 0.25 in pate 1. 5 in dia bar D (Diameter)
Direction L T T L
Fey*- ksi
Mean 248 239 264 262 3. 0262 Effect of 1001) hour elevated temperature exposure on
Minimum 222 194 252 246 bearing strength or sheet, Figure 3. 0262.
Maximum 265 276 277 267 3.027 stress concentration.
* From 3 production heats, ten specimens per heat. 3.0271 Notch properties (see also 3.0272, 3.0371, and 3.0372,
and FeUH 1225).
3.02711 Effect of annealing temperature on sharp notch proper-
ties.
3.02712 Effect of aging on sharp notch properties.
3.027121 Effect of aging Ume on crack strength of annealed sheet,
3.023 1mpact (see also 3.033). Figure 3. 021121.
3.0231 Effect of aging temperature and time on the impact 3.027122 Effect of aging temperature on crack strength of air-
properties of air-melted plate, Figure 3. 0231. melted and CVM plate, Figure 3. 027122.
3.0232 Effect of yield strength on inlpact properties of 300 lb 3.02713 Effect of cold and hot work on sharp notch properties.
laboratory vacuum-melted plate, Figure 3.0232. 3.027131 Effect of cold rolling prior to aging on crack strength of
3.0233 Effect of aging temperature on the impact strength of sheet, Figure 3. 027131.
annealed plate, Figure 3. 0233. 3.02714 Effect of thickness on sharp notch properties.
3.0234 Effect of sulfur on room temperature impact strength, 3.027141 Effect of thickness on the sharp notch properties of air-
Figure 3. 0234. melted plate, Figure 3.027141.
3.024 Bending. 3.027142 Effect of thickness on crack strength of air-melted and
3.025 Torsion and shear (see also 3.035). CVM sheet, Table 3.027142.
3.0251 Typical ultimate shear strength of sheet, plate, and bar,
Table 3. 0251.
TABLE 3 027142
Source f36 Tables 15 and 16)
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
Condition Mill Annealed+ 925F, 3 hr
TABLE 3 0251 MeiUriit Practice Air Melt CVM
Source (25, pp. 126-132) Thickness 0.045 in 0.16 in 0.045 in 0.16 in
Ai!O'.{ Fc-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI Direction L T L T L T L T
Condition CVM, Mill Annealed 1500F +ARe 900F, 3 hr Fty-ksi 23~ 1246 22~1230 26~ 1270 24~ 1251
Form 0. 07 inch Sheet 0. 25 inch Plate 7/8 inch Dla- Crack Strength-kat 173 167 167 162 159 164 177 160
meter Bar
Direction L T T L
Fsu*- ksi
Mean 158 160 159 163
Minimum 144 149 151 157
177 176 176 171 3.02715 Effect of surface crack size on crack strength.
Maximum
Effect of surface crack length on the crack strength of
From 3 production heats, 10 specimens per heat. 3.027151
air-melted plate aged at two tempetaturc, Figure
3.027151.
3.027152 Effect of surface crack length on crack strength of plate
from two air-melted heats, Figure 3. 027152.
3.0272 Fracture toughness (sec also 3.0372).
3.026 Bearing (sec also 3.036). 3.02721 Plane-strain fracture toughness of plate.
FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
..
test temperature, Table 3. 03132.
TABLE 3 03132
18Ni (2!50)
3.027212 ECCect of aging temperature on plane-strain fracture
~urce (25, p. 142)
toughness of 1.8 inch thick CVM plate, Figure 3.027212.
(Alloy Fe-18N1-7. 5 Co-5Mo-n-Al
araglng
3.027213 Plane-strain fracture toughness of alr-meltcd and
vacuum-degassed plate, Table 3. 027213. Form CVM, 0.07 inch Sbeet
Condition Mill Anneal1500F +Age, 900F, 3 Hr
TABLE 3 027213
Source (59) (RT: Ftu =264 ksi, Fty =259 ksl, L; Ftu " 269 ksi,
Allov Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-TI-Al =
Fty 265 ksi, T)
Form Alr Melt+ Vacuum Del!llll. 1 21n Plate 000 hour
Condition 1500F, 1/2 hr, AC +900F, 4 hours (a) Exposure Temp GOOF SOOF 1000F
(Fty = 258 ksi, Land 265 ksi, T) est Temp RT GOOF RT 800F RT 1000F
Direction Direction T T L T L T T T
RW I WR I RT I WT
Ftu- ksl 285 243 277
Krc (b)- ks!Vfri 74 81 287 218 227 187 130
I I 81 I 84. Fty- ksl 281 234 271 281 198 207 176 97
(a) All specimens heat treated before cracking. ~(2 ln)-percent 3 3 3 3 5 5 8 12
(b) Precracked bend specimens.
~
ties of bar, Figure 3. 03223.
3.0323 EC!ect of elevated temperature exposure on compressive
t = 0.141nch properties.
3.03231 Effect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure on
Fatigue cracked single edge notch specimen. the compressive properties of sheet at room tempera-
Heat trent before cracking. ture, Table 3. 03231.
1~ I ~~ l~T ~!
cold rolled and aged sheet, Figure 3.03123. Charpy- V, ft - lb
3.03124 EUect or test temperature on the tensUe properties of RT
~
..
13
I ~~
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970
3.03232 Effect of test temperature on the compressive proper- 3.03712 Effect of test temperature and strain rate on crack
Fe ties of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000 hours at strength of annealed and aged sheet, Figure 3. 03712.
test temperature (see Figure 3.03221). 3.03713 Effect of test temperature on crack strength or CVM
18 Nl 3.033 Impact. sheet, Figure 3.03713.
3.0331 Effect of test temperature on impact strength. 5.03714 Effect or test temperature on crack strength or CVM
7.5 Co 3.03311 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of plate sheet and plate, Figure 3.03714.
from several heate, Figure 3. 03311. 3.03715 Effect of test temperature on crack strength or CVM
5 Mo 3.03312 Effect of low test temperature on impact strength of an- bar, Table 3.03715.
nealed and aged plate, Figure 3. 03312.
Ti 3.0332 Effect of heat treating vsriahles on impact strength at TABLE 3 03715
vsrious test t6mperatures. Source (25, p. 159)
AI Effect of solution annealing temperature and aging time All()}' Fe-18N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
3.03321
FOrm CVM, 1 1 2 inch Diameter Bar, L
on the impact strength of VIM + CVM plate at +30 F,
Condition MU1 anneal+ 900F, 3 hours
18NI (250) Figure 3. 03321.
Test Tempera-
3.03322 Effect of aging temperature and time on the impact
ture -100F RT GOOF 800F
Mara~ln~ properties of VIM + CVM plate at +30 F, Figure 3. 03322.
Fty*- ksl 282 256 223 204
3.034 Bending. Crack Strength
3.035 Torsion and shear.
- ksl 200 227 202 184
3.0351 Effect of test temperature on shear properties. *7/8 Inch diameter bar data
3.03511 Effect of test temperature on the shear ultimate strength
~D=:E=
of sheet, Figure 3.03511.
3.03512 Effect or test temperature on the shear ultimate strength
of plate, Figure 3. 03512. 1.5
3.03513 Effect of test temperature on the shear ultimate strenbti>
of bar, Figure 3. 03513. Notch Fatigue Cracked
3.0352 Effect of elevated temperature exposure on shear proper-
ties.
3.03521 Effect of lOOO hour elevated temperatura exposure on 3.0372 Fracture toughness (see also 3.0272).
the shear ultimate streng'.h of sheet at room tempera-
3.038 Combined properties.
ture, Table 3. 03521.
TABLE 3 03521
Source (25, p. 144)
!Alloy Fe-18Ni-7. 5 Co-5Mo-Ti- AI
FOrm 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
CVM, 0. 07 Inch Sheet
Condition 3.041 Creep proporties of 0. 07 Inch thick CVM sheet at 600
Mill anneal 1500 F + Age 900 F 3 hours
1000 hour Exposure and 800F, Table 3.041.
Temperature I (RT Reference) GOOF 800F lOOOF
Direction L T T L T T TABLE 3 041
Fsu- ksl 155 1 158 169 175 1 170 121 Source (25, pp. 87-88, 153)
Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-T1-Al
Form Cvm, u. u7 lncn eeL T)
3.03522 Effect of test temperature on the shear ultimate strength Condition Mill anneai1500F + Age 91JOF, 3 hours (Ft,=265 ksl)
of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000 hours at test em perature tiUu~ ijUUt''
temperature (see Figure 3. 03511). il.IDC - ours
3.036 Stress- ksl 10 100 1000 10 100 1000
Bearing.
3.0361 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength.
o.os percent creep 205 (195)* - 115 - -
3.03611 Effect of test temperature on the bearing strength of
0.10 percent creep
0. 50 percent creep
215
233
205
230
(195)
-
130
165
(105)
140 (110)
-
sheet, Figure 3.03611. 1. 0 percent creep 236 233 (225) 175 150 115
3.03612 Effect or test temperature on the bearing strength or See Figure 3. 03121 10r tensue properties at these temperatures.
plate, Figure 3.03612. Values In ( ) extrapolated.
3.0362 Effect of elevated temperature exposure on bearing
strength.
3.03621 Effect of test temperature on the bearing strength of 3.042 Creep rupture properties of air-melted bar, Table
sheet after holding 1000 hours at test temperature, 3.042.
Figure 3.03621.
3.037 Stress concentration.
3.0371 Notch properties (see also 3. 0372).
TABLE 3 042
3.03711 Room and low temperature smooth and sharp notch ten-
Source G
sUe properties of annealed and aged sheet, Table
Alloy Fe-18N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
3.03711. Form Air Melted Bar
Condition 1500F, 1 hr + 900F, 3 hr
TABLE 3 03711 Stress- ksl 175 150 150 125 100 75
Source (6) Time to rupture-hr 38 561 7 38 5 48
I Alloy Fe-18N1-7. 5 Co-SMo-Ti- AI e(2 In) - percent 13 13 17 24 32 31
Form o. 063 Inch Sheet RA- percent 51 59 63 70 71 80
Condition 1500F, 15 mtn + 900 t', :: hT
Test Temp Room Temperature -320F
Melting Practice Alr Melt CVM Alr Malt CVM
Direction L T L T L T L T 3.05 Fatigue Properties
Ftu- ksl 267 278 273 - 336 348 333 339 3.051 Smooth and notched fatigue strength. It should be noted
Fty- ksl 262 273 267 -- 322 336 322 334 that thl' fatigue life (!.c., number of cycles to failure)
e(1 tn)-percent
Sharp Notch
4 3 3.5 3 1.5 - - for high str.,ngth metal alloys exhibit considerable
Strength*-ksl 250 24'1 scatter. The fatigue strengths, by and large, are
257 250 229 238 234 225 based on a limited number of tests. These values
Notch tensUe specimens, 1 lach wide, with soo edge notches,
should be considered only ns guides and not be used for
notch radii "" 0. 0006 Inch.
design (see references 71 and 72).
' '-' V'l I
3.0511 Smooth fatigue strength of air-melted and vacuum- 3.0514 Smooth and notched axial-load fatigue strength of 0.07
degassed plato, Table 3.0511. inch thick sheet at room and elevated temperatures,
TABLE 3 0511 Table 3.0514.
Fe
Source (71) 18 Nl
TABLE 3.0514
Alloy Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
Source (25, pp. 67-73, 149-152)
Form Air Melt + Vacuum Degas, l/2lnch Plate ('11
Alloy Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al 7.5 Co
Condition Mill Anneal+ 900F, 3 hr (Ftu = 274 ksl)
Form CVM, 0.07lnch Sheet
Stress Stress Con- Stress Fatigue Llfe* Condition Mill Anneal 1500 F + Age 900 F 3 hr 5 Mo
Method centration Ampll- Cycles
~~
A R tude-ksl Medium Mlnlmum Maximum
Method Axial Load (Smooth and Double Edge Notch Tl
Specimens)
Rotating "'-1 Kt= 1 120 2.8 X 105 7.5 X 104 2.4 X 106 Stress Te"t Stress Con-
Temp centration
Fatigue Strength(a)-ksl AI
Beam Smooth 115 6.5 X 105 1.2 X 105 8.1 x 106 Ratio Direction at Cycles
110 2.5 x 106 1.3 X 105 1.2x 107 A R F 104 105 106 107
105 9.2 X 106 3.2 X 105 2.4 X 107 -1 RT Smooth(c) L 125 85 55 45 18NI (250)
102 1.1 X 107 2.5 X 105 2.6 X 107 "' T 126 84 48 40
48 tests at each stress. Medium represent 50 percent survival. Notch (d) LandT 60 36 25 22 Maraolno
GOOF Smooth (c) L 90 60 50 46
3.0512 Smooth and notched fatigue strength of nlr-melted plate,
T 86 64 61 60
Table 3.0512.
Notch (d) LandT 53 35 25 23
TABLE 3 0512 BOOF Smooth(c) L 83 68 64 (64)(h)
Source (40) T 80 64 60 (58)
Alloy Fe-18Nl-7.5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al Notch (d) LandT 52 34 28 26
Form Air Melt 1/2 and 3/4 lnch Plates L) 0.9 0.01 RT Smooth(c) T 150 72 52 50
Condition 1650F, 1 hr, WQ + 1510 1530 F, 1 hr, WQ + Indicated Age Notch (d) T 70 36 24 20
Material* & Aglng Stress Stress Fatigue Strength-ksl GOOF Smooth(c) T 120 80 72 70
Method Treatruent Cone en-
~~
A R tration 1n5
at 0 cles
1n6 800F
Notch (d)
Smooth (c)
T
T
70
120
38
87
28
84
26
81
Rotating Steel A Kt = 1 '"' Notch (d) T 65 48 43 41
Beam 900F, 3 hr, AC "' -1 Smooth 141 105 100 0.67 0.20 RT Smooth (c) T 165 84 58 52
850F, 48 hr, AC 136 111 103 Notch (d) T 86 42 30 30
Steel B GOOF Smooth (c) T 135) 90 66 60
900F, 3 hr, AC 134 108 103 Notch (d) T 74 43 40 40
850F, 48 hr, AC 143 114 lOG SOOF Smooth (c) T 143 125 110 93
Steel A Notched Notch (d) T 67 44 34 30
900F, 3 hr, AC Kt = 3 56 46 45 (a) Based on -Umlted number of tests.
850F, 48 hr, AC: 70 65 63 (h) Values in ( ) extrapolated.
Steel B (c) Kt = 1
900F, 3 hr, AC 58 55 54 (d) Kt = 3
850F, 48 hr, AC 56 46 45
Steel A- 0.35 percent Tl, Ftu = 261 ksl, Fty = 251 ksl for
900F, 3 hr, AC. Ftu = 288 ksl, Fty = 276 ksi for 850 F, 3.0515 Smooth fatigue strength of mlll-annealed and annealed-
48 hr, AC. and-aged plate, Table 3.0515.
Steel B - 0. 42 percent Tl, Ftu = 264 ksl, Fty = 256 ksl .rc.r
900F, 3 hr, AC. Ftu = 281 ksl, Fty = 274 ksl for 850F, TABLE 3 0515
48 hr, AC. Source 72)
Alloy Fe-lBNl-7. 5Co-5Mo-Tl- AI
~
Form CVM, 3/4lnch Plate (L)
'"'~"'""""'
Method Axial Load (Smooth, Kt = l)
Mean Fatigue Strength - ksl at cycles
L0.180 Diameter Condition Stress
Diameter 0. 0055 R ksl 104 105 106 107
Notched Smooth Mill annealed
Ftu = 140 ksl 50 100 65 45 40
3.0513 Smooth and notched fatigue strength of annealed and Mill anneal + 900 F,
aged bar, Table 3.0513.
TABLE 3 0513
3 hours
Ftu = 250 ksl
0
50
150
150
120
100
96
80
--
Source (70)
Alloy Fc-lBNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al 3.052 Fatigue crack propagation.
Form 5/8 lnch Diameter Bar (L) 3.0521 Innuence of stress intensity factor (6K) and test
Concution 1500F, l hr, AC + 900F, 3 hr, AC environment on fatigue-crack propagation of sheet and
Melting Stress Stress Fatigue Strength - ksl plato at room temperature, Figure 3.0521.
Method Practice Ratio Concentra- at Cycles 3.0522 Fatigue crack propagation at room temperature in
-....--
A R
tlon 103 104 105 106 107 1o8 sheet aged at 1100F, Figure 3.0522.
3.0523 Jnfiuenco of test frequency on fatlgoo~e crack propagation
Rotating
Beam Air Melt <Xl -1 ~=1
210) 170 140 125 116 113
in dry hydrogen (at room temperature and 1 atmosphere
Smooth pressure), Figure 3.0523.
CVM* 200 160 135 120 115 110
Air Melt a: -1 Kt = 2.2
CVM Notched
-- 100 70 57 55 55
100 70 57 55 55 3.06 Elastic Properties
3.061 Poisson 1s ratlo.
Air Molt= 0.43 percent Tl, Ftu = 270 ksl, l'~ = 263 ksl
3.0611 Effect of cold rolllng prlor to aging on Poisson's ratlo,
CVM = 0.35 percent Tl, Ftu = 250 ksl, Fty = 46 ksl
Figure 3.0611.
Values In ( ) extrapolated.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity.
60 Static and dynamic moduli for tension at cryogenic, room,
' "' -~ "'="'"
3.0621
and elevated temperatures, Figure 3.0621.
3.0622 Static moduli for compression at room and elevated
iiffttiameter temperatures, Figure 3.0622.
0.010 Root Radius 3.063 Modulus of rlgldity.
Smooth Notched 3.064 Tangent modulus.
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED= SEPTEMBER 1970
3.0641 Tangent modulus curves at room and elevated tempera- levels. Reduced surface speeds are helpful. Carbide
Fe tures for air-melt, annealed and aged bar, Figure
3.0641.
cutters with ample water soluble coolants are recom-
mended (4)(6)(77). However, because of its dimensional
18 Nl 3.0642 Tangent modulus curves at room and elevated tempera- stability, machining prior to aging should be considered.
tures for CVM annealed and aged bar, Figure 3.0642.
7.5 Co 3.065 Secant modulus.
3.0651 Secant modulus curves at room and elevated tempera-
5 Mo tures for air melt, annealed and aged bar, Figure
3.0651.
Ti 3.0652 Secant modulus curves at room and elevated temperature 1.03 Welding
for CVM annealed and aged bar, Figure 3.0652.
AI 4.031 General. This alloy is weldable in both the solution an-
nealed and fully heat treated conditions. Gas shielded
processes (GMA and GT A) are sultable for this alloy.
18NI (250) Using proper techniques, joint efflciencies from 90 to
100 percent are obtainable for aged (900 F, 3 hours)
MaroQinQ welds in sheet and heavy sections. Submerged arc
welding is not recommended due to a pronounced ten-
dency for hot cracking, low fracture toughness, and
severe embrittlement in the heat affected zone (HAZ),
(78)(79). The weld metal deposit is segregated in such
a way that stable austenite may be present in some
areas and that austenite reversion can occur In
4. FABRICATION others (Including the HAZ) on aging. The result is that
the aging response of the weldment will be different from
that of the base metal and that of the weld wire. The
micro-segregation or the weld deposit and the amount and
4.01 Formability morphology of the retained/reverted austenite are of
4.011 General. This alloy is hot worked readily by conven- great importance in determining the strength and tough-
tional rolling and forging operations, and is easily cold ness or the weldment. The pNsence or austenite can
worked by conventional procedures in the annealed con- prevent achieving 100 percent joint efflciency. Segrega-
dition. A preliminary sook at 2300 F (homogenizing tion or nonmetallics, such as titanium carbide, reduces
treatment) is recommended. Provision should be ma.de weld toughness. Resistance to hot cracking without pre-
for adequate work to break up the as-cast structure and heat is considerably superior to quenched and tempered
to minimize directionality. For optimum properties, a steels when using the proper filler wire compositions.
maximum reheating temperature or 2000 F is suggested The weld HAZ will contain regions with stable reverted
prior to the final hot working operation; however, this austenite where the peok temperatures had reached the
temperature will depend on the degree and method or neighborhood of 1200 F. These soft regions may be re-
hot working. Finishing should be in the range of 1500 to moved by subsequent annealing and aging; however, in
1800F, accompanied by about 25 percent reduction. At- most cases, their Influence on strength is relatively
tention to cooling should be given to avoid isothermal small and the toughness is higher than that or the parent
embrittlement (see 1. 094). Hot forming and bending metal. General recommendations concerning welding
should be performed at temperatures under 1800 F to techniques would include avoiding preheat, limiting inter-
prevent grain coarsening. Because of its low work pass temperature to 250 F and keeping welding speeds be-
hardening characteristics, this alloy may be cold re- low about 10 inches per minute using normal shielding
duced by substantial amounts before intermediate an- procedures (16)(17)(78).
nealing is requlred (reannealing will essentially remove 4.032 Filler wire. A minimum of 0. 35 percent titanium in
the effects or cold work). Cold work prior to aging will the filler wire is necessary to prevent objectionable
increase the aged strengths but will reduce fracture porosity in GMA welds. Titanium in excess oro. 70
toughness. Severely cold worked parts should be rean- percent with GMA and about 1.0 percent with GTA tends
nealed (4)(5)(6)(73)(74). to produce a sensitivity to hot cracking and a weld de-
4.012 Forging. Preliminary sook at 2300 F for homogeniza- posit of decreased toughness. The residual element con-
tion. Starting temperature or 2000 F maximum Is pre- tent or the filler should be as low as possible with the
ferred. Preheat for sections greater than 6 inch square following recommended maximums: 0.03C, 0.0551, and
1700 to 1800F, approximately 15 minutes per inch or 0. 05Mn (carbon should preferrably be kept well below
thickness. Finish temperature 1500 to 1700F. Reheat this maximum). Vacuum melting of wire Is recom-
at 1800F. Do not delay cooling (see 1.094). mended. Argon is recommended for use with either
4.013 Rolllng. GMA or GTA process.
4.0131 Sheet bar, start 2000F maximum. 4.033 Sheet metal welds. Welds In thin sections are subject
4.0132 Plate. Start at 2000 F maximum and roll straight away to high dilution effects and are markedly influenced by
to finish at 1600F, or start at 1750 to 2000F with re-
the welding procedure. Recommended wire composi-
heats at the same temperature and finish rolling at
tions are given In Table 4. 035. Improved strength with
1500 to 1600F. Cocllng to room temperature should
only a small loss in toughness can be obtained by a
not be delayed (sec 1.094 and Figures 3.02162 and
3.027215. double pass procedure (see Table 4. 035, FeUH 1225).
4.034 Plate weld. Attempts La increase weld strength by the
4.0133 Sheet. Start 1800 to 1900 F, and finish 1500 to 1600 F.
4.014 Extruding. use or high hardener filler wire have been unsuccessful
In the gas shielded processes because of the formation
4.015 Drawing.
or coarse pools or austenite in the weld metal which do
not respond La subsequent aging treatment. Using
proper procedures and filler wire in multi-pass GTA or
GMA process (see Table 4. 0351), weldments with joint
efflclencles of better than 90 percent and with fracture
toughness comparable La U1e base metal may be obtained
(see Table 4.0372). Local aging after welding Is often
4.02 Machining and Grinding used, however the effectiveness or this treatment in a-
4.021 General. This alloy is machined most easily in the chieving desired strengths and toughness should be care-
solution annealed condition. After aging its machina- fully checked (78).
J..tt: .... In --.-----1...1,.
j...,A.TC!'I' AOJAn -'- --1 \..--.1----
.. 'V'-"1'
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
. ~-
u
j
4.0351 Typical tensile properties and recommended wire com-
positions tor welding sheet and plate, Table 4. 0351.
4.0371 Plane-strain fracture toughness oC
air melt plate, Table 4. 0371.
r..rA and SA welds in
Fe
TABLE 4.0371
TABLE 4 0351 Source (78, p. 141) 18 Nl
Source Alloy Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-T -Al
Alloy
{17)
Fe-18Ni-7 .5 Co-5Mo-Ti-Al Form Air Melt, Sf 4inch Plate
7.5 Co
Condition
Form 1/2 inch Plate 0. 07 inch Sheet 1650F, 1 hr, WQ + 1530F, 1 hr, WQ +Weld+
900F 3 Hr
5 Mo
1500F, 1 hour, AC + 900F, 1500F, 1 hour,
O:mdition 3 hours+ Weld+ 900F, 3 hours AC+Weld+900F, Weld Parallel to Plate Perpendicular to Plate Tl
3 hours Orientation Rollln~ Direction Roll1ng Direction
Process Coated Electrode GMA GTA Notch Loention AI
(a) (a) WRC WilE WTC RWC RWC RWE RTC wnc
Wire Fe-18Ni-8Co- Fe-18Ni-8Co- Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co- Process
4.5Mo-2. 2Ti- 4.5Mo-0.5Ti- 4. 9Mo-0.5Ti K~c(b) GTA 63 86 86 58 61 92 75 64 18Nl (250)
Ftu{b)- ksi
0.2Al
242
0.2Al -ksi
Vm
SA 36 87 44 - 44 86 37 43
Maraglng
235 241
Fty - ksi 228 220 (a) First letter gives direction of normal to crack plane, second
232
e(l. 4 in) - percent 9 7 3.6(2in) letter gives direction oC propagation (R- rolling direction,
W- width direction, and T- Thickness direction), th1rd letter
RA -percent
RT Charpy-V (c)
39 30 - gives crack location with respect to weld (C - at weld center--
line anR- at weld edge near fusion line).
- rt lb 10 15
(a) Coating - Calcium carbonate and cryolite bonded with sodium
- =
(b) Base plate KJc 80 ksh/lii, L; 77 ksi"'-'iii, T.
sUlcate. (see Table 4. 0352 for tensile properties)
(b) Specimens transverse to weld.
(c) Notch at weld centerline and perpendicular to plate surface.
4.04 Heat Treatment
4.041 General. Before heating remove grease and on (see
4.05). Furnace fuel on should not contain more than
o. 75 percent sulfur by weight; fuel gas not more than
100 total grains of sulfur per 100 cu ft. Furnace at-
mosphere should not be carburizing; atmosphere con-
tsining 5 percent co is suggested (6). Aging is nor--
2
mally done in air.
4.0352 Mechanical properties of GTA and submerged arc (SA)
welded plate, Table 4. 0352. 4.05 Surface Treatment
4.051 General. Sand blasting removes oxide scales effectively.
Pickling solution 18 percent sulfuric acid at15o-160F is
TABLE 4 0352 recommended. Sodium hydride and other high tempera-
Source {78) ture (>700F) descaling treatments should be avoided(&).
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al 4.052 Nltriding. Nitriding at 850 F for 20 hours or 800F Cor
Form Alr Melt, 3/4 inch Plate 44 hours is recommended and wUI give case hardness
Condition 1650F, 1 hr, WQ + 1530F, 1 hr, WQ +weld+ 900F, oC about 66 Rockwell C. Higher temperature give3
3 hr lower case hardness. Longer times will increase case
Process GTA(b) SA{c) depth but very long times ma,y require a drop in temper--
Wire Fe-18Ni-8 Co-SMo-0. 5Ti Fe-18Ni-9Co-4.5 Mo atl.!re to maintain case hardness (77).
-0.1 Al (0.004C) -0. 7Ti-0.15Al(0.02C )
!Weld urtentatlon Parallel to Perpendicular Parallel to Perpendicular
Plate Rolling to Plate Rol- Plate Rolling to Plate Rol-
Direction ling Direction Direction ling Direct1o1
Ftu (a) - ltsi 242 245 249 246
Fty- kl-1 237 242 238 235
e(2 in) - percent 6 6.5
RA- percent
3.5 4.0 r 1 ., I
32 32 20 21 Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
IE Charpy- V(d)
CVM, ANNEALED 1/4 TO 4 HR, AC,
at +80 F - ft-lb
(a) Transverse to weld.
11 - 6 5 +AGE 900F, 3 HR.
60
(b) Specimens talled in weld metal.
(c) Specimens .ailed in HAZ of base plate.
(d) Notch at weld centerline and perpendicular to plate surface.
Note: Base plate properties: Longitudinal- Ftu = 262 ksi, F~ = 254 ksi,
....._
50
e(2 in) = 9. 5 percent, RA = 45 percent, and IE Charpy- (+80 F) =
15 rt-lb
Transverse- Ftu= 265 ksi, Fty = 257 ksi, e (2 in)= 8.8 percent,
RA = 41 percent, and IE Charpy- V (+80 F) = 14 rt-lb.
Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Fe AIR MELT, 0.7 IN PLATE, L
1650F, 1.5 HR, AC + 1530F, 1.5 HR, AC
18 Nl +INDICATED TREATMENT..,_---!-----!
7.& Co I
e2000F,1HR]QUENCH TO TEMPERA-
'
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
5 Mo 56 AIR MELT, PLATE, 1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE
+2100F,1HR TURE SHOWN, HOLD
:41:----t .2200F,1HR 4 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR
Tl A2300F,1HR
.2400F,1HR FTY = 220-240 KSI
AI
18Ni (250) 0
~
I
I t:
MaravlnQ ~48~----4--4-7~~4--+~~--r--r-----;--;
I r-~~~~~~--+--+------r--r-----;--;
e900F
A850F
IE CHARPY V
+800F
750F
~3L0_0_____1~40_o_____15~0-0----1~6~0~o----~1~70~0~~18~0o
2 INTERMEDIATE ANNEALlNG TEMPERATURE- F
1 10 10
AGING TIME - HOURS FIG. 1.0942 EFFECT OF COMBINED ANNEALING TREAT-
MENTS ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF ANNEALED
FIG. 1.064 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON AND AGED PLATE. (10, pp. 131-135)
HARDNESS. (8, p. 22)
Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
AIR MELT, 0.7 IN PLATE, L
l
GOO
Fe-18~1-7. 5Co-5~o-Ti-Al
1650F, 1.5 HR, AC +1530F, 1 HR, AC
+INDICATED TREATMENT'----t----1
e2000F, 1
I HR
I QUENCH TO
500
A2300F, 1
.2400F, l
~ 60,_-<.,,....--;lk-~-1---1----+----t
HR
HR
HOLD 4 HR, AC
FTY"'100-120 KSI
til
!;: ---..
ffi
~
I
!-< Q,
~ 300
I'<
!-<
200
0 20 40 60 80 100
TRANSFORMATION- PERCENT
2 20
Fe-lBNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al ie-1BNI-7 .5Co-~Mo-ri-Al Fe
E
=
~2or-----t------r-----i====~t-----1 2
0.045 INCH SHEET, L
ANNEALED+ 925F, 3 HR I
CVM (Ti-0.50 PERCENT)
18 Nl
~ FTY=268 KSI 7.5 Co
:::. !>-AIR DAT1 &AIR MELT (Tt-0.39 PER-
E ~ CENT) FTY = 234 KSI 5 Mo
gt5
~
80
r-
... Ti
AI
--
NF
=
~10~----~----~---- 60
:::> 18NI (250)
!q
t
.. MaraQinQ
5~----~----~----~------~----~ --
" tf-
40-
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000 2a,== o. 7
TEMPERATURE- F
I J_, VB A NF
FIG. 2.013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. (4)(25, p. 107) W=1.75
20!--- i-
MEAN COEFFICIENT
"'
FIG. 2.03121 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-
MELTED AND CVM SHEETS IN 3 PERCENT NaCl
SOLUTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. (36)
FROM 75F
(24)
.(3)
4
22 0
0.35 F~1BN1-7.5Co-~Mo-~-Al
Fe-1B~I-7. 5Co-5~o-Ti-Al 0.161NCH PLATE, L
ANNEALED + 925 F, 3 HR
0
I
0.30
I e CVM (Tt-0.50PERCENT)
I
FTYa 249 KSI
~ AIR DATA AAIR MELT (Tt-0.39 PERCE~
/ FTY= 226 KSI
0.25
=t
r..
I 0,20
I 0
tp
...
...
~
!5p.
i:0.15
I -
za,::::o.7
....
...
C<l
/ o - ,....
1---l
-=- _,
/,B ::.NF
/ w"' 1.75
0.10
/v 100 _JI
Ip I
0.05
v1 5 10 50 100 500
0 zoo 400 600 BOO 1000 TIME TO FAILURE- HOURS
TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 2.03122 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTEIUSTICS OF AIR-
FIG. 2.015 SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PRESSURE. MELTED AND CVM PLATES IN 3 PERCENT NaCl
(1 ATM) (25, p. 106) SOLUTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. (36)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970
7.5 Co ~100 RESULTS OF MONOTONIC LOADING TESTS ---+- ------ !-- ew= 5 INCHES
5 Mo .A.W= 3 INCHES
w= 1 INCH
Ti ~ e- SPECIMEN DID NOT
AI
FAIL, CRACK
GROWTH OCCURRED
18NI (250)
Maraglng
SECTION 'A-A'
20L----J~----~~--~-----------~
----~------------~----~-------
10 ---~
100 1000
TIME TO FAILURE- HOURS
30
28
Fe-18Ni~7.5Co-5Mo~Ti-Al
VIM, PLATE, (RW)
I II ' I
<- ....... .
26
.}
1
I
:.: lJ.
v
22
Fe-18~1-7 .5~5Mo-~-Al
/" CVM BAR
v
20 300 1500 F, 30 MIN, AC + 900 F,-
3 HR
r
C_ b-.,
18 , / 250
r--.
""
TES,ED DrY IIYDROGiN
!ii200
:.: ~
da/dt- IN PER MIN
'
~150 ~
FIG. 2, 03124 INFLUENC E OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR K ON THE ~
RATE OF CRACK GROWTH UNDER SUSTAINED LOAD IN 100
DRY HYDROGEN AT 1 ATMOSPHERE AND ROOM
TEMPERA TURE. (24)
50
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
STRAIN- INCH PER PINCH
I
FIG. 3.0211 STREss-S mAIN CURVE f'OR ANNEALED \'-
AND AGED BAR. (6, p. 31)
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-18k-7 .seo-~Mo-n-.J
CVMBAR
Fe
ANNEAL 30 MIN, AC + 900F, 3 HR 18
300 Nl
7.5 Co
!il
::.: ....- .... ......._ ~
FTU
5 Mo
::,250 300
!il Tl
"'"" ~
FTY
::.:
I AI
200 '250 ~
""z
0
~
60
..
- RA
=~ .J1
v Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al _l
"' 30 AIR MELT, 0.7 INCH PLATE, L
0
. e(4D)
280 -
1650F, 1.5 HR, AC + 1530F, 1.5 HR, AC +
ANNEAL AT INDICATED TEMPERATURE,
1 HR, AC +900F, 3 HR, AC
1400 1500 11300 1700 1800 I FTU
ANNEAl-ING TEMPERATURE- F :=:-4-c.:::
F1G. 3.02131 INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING ~240 -
I
280
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE ::>
PROPERTIES OF BAR. (6, p. 23) t
~ ......
FTY
200
l=---+"= :'--...
1
.5Co-~Mo-Ti-Al
1
I :...___
~~
Fe-18 Nl-7
1UR MELT, 1/4 INCH PLATE, L
ANNEAL AT INDICATED TEMPERATURE,
300 1 - 1 HR, AC + AGE - - - 1 - - - - - t - - - - 1 20 - -......_
..-
~
e(l.41N)
~+
.JI.r -~~
0
1500 2000 2100 22Ci0 2.100
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE- F
e 900F, i
.A. 850F, 48 I!R
HR
o~----~----~------~----~----~-
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE- F
I I I
Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM 0.115 INCH SHEET, L
ANNEALED 1 HR + 900F, 3 HR 200
300 ~ lOr------+-----+------+----~
~
u
=
~260
I
4'------ FTU
~f-.
3 00
~
a.. o~....-
1000
::> AGING TEMPEHATURE- F
rt ...... !il
FIG. 3.021411 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
~
220 ~ AND TlME ON THE TENSILE PROP..
260 ':..
"'i ~ rt ERTIES OF SHEET. (39)
FTY ~~
220
t(21N)
~
0
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE- F
r----r----------~--~----------~--~320
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
AIR MELT, PLATE, L Fe
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE
FTU = 144 KSI, FTY= 114 K~Sl~AS~~;:::;s:t::::f::z:~280 18 Nl
ANNEALED
7.5 Co
5 Mo
l---b.L.=-----::.....==::;..!.:::::::..__!_-j-~~---+--l240 !a
:.: Ti
I
::>
f-t
AI
b----+--~~~---+----4-----------4-~~200~
18NI (250)
MaraQinQ
TEST TEMP
e 900F
850F
y soop
.a. 750F
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
VIM + CVM, PLATE, MILL ANNEAL
1650F, +AGE
e(1.4 IN)
Iii
0~--~--------~----~--------~--~
0.5 1 5 10 50 100 ~ 240 l-----l-..----.::;'Aif--l-----+--- --------l2so
AGING TIME- HOURS ::.
t
FIG. 3.021421 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TlME ON
THE TENSILE PROPEltTIES OF A1R MELTED PLATE.
(40)
RA
~ 41)
"l
0
=
"l
p. 20 b----+----------+----+------ -------1
oL---~---------L--~--------~
0.5 1 5 10 50
AGING TlME - HOURS
~
... 1.~ ....
FIG. 3.021422 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND
TIME ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
t-eUH
FERRO US ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970
Fe
I_ _I
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-T i-Al
AIR MELT, 1/2 INCH PLATE, L
I
liS
320
Fe-18NI-7. 5 Co-SMo-Ti- AI
1/2 INCH PLATE
u
18 Nl HOT ROLLED + AGE
:.: L
280 I 280
7.5 Co 320
~ r-
::>
~k t
5 Mo tl
~240
-
FTU
~ ,.....
~ ~
FTU
r:::
~
Ti 280 240 280 ':..
::>
- i :r- ....,
t
~
AI ~
rt'
200 --l >-____, -.... 240
liS
:.:
I
~ FTY ...., ~
240
ISNI (250) AGE TIME :>< AIR MELT AIR MELT
HOURS {;: (43) +DEGAS(41 )
Maraoing 4 FTY
80 r-- 0 8
l!. 16
200 80
0 l!.
4 HR "'
HOT ROLLED+AG E,
1500 F, 30MIN
0 24
!'<
z
r.l
0 40
_. r-
RA !'<
z
r.l
g 40 RA
+AGE, 4 HR
I
p:;
r.l r.l
-
"' "'
0
800
J.
850 900
e(1 IN)
0
- --
e(1 IN)
J T
Fc-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
T
CVM, 1.8 INCH PLATE, L
ANNEALED 1500F, AC +AGE, G HR
300
\ .... /
FTU
v....._~
r-...
Fc-18Ni-7.5 Co-5Mb-TI- Al I
I;S250
:.:
v 300
v ~""
I
3/4 INCH PLATE ::>
) _........-...,
..
1500F, 1/2 TO 1 IIR, AC +AGE, 3-4
300
rt'200 ~
HOURS 250 ~
"
-
I
/
/:r..- .,.,...._,... - ...., 300 150 200
rt'
v-
FTU
/\......., (-...
-
"'
:.:
I
/ "'.
220 260 :>< 80
;A
v-l!. ~ rt' 150
FTY
... ..
v
o0.52Ti } 220. GO
~
~
e 0.48Ti, VAC DEGAS AIR MELT RA
l!.0.40Ti !'< __.........
z
r.l 4
so 0
=
r.l
40
RA
"'
20
._..., ~ . __, ~
c(1 IN)
l!. ,.. ....
0 c(2lfl
800 850 900 950 1000 650 750 850 950 1050 1150
AGE TEMPERAT URE- F
AGING TEMPERAT URE- F
FIG. 3.021424 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE FIG. 3.021427 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE ON TilE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF ANIIIF.AT .F.n
rcvn
Fe-18N1-7. 5Co-5Mo-T1-Al Fe
3 OCf-CVM BAR
1500F, 30 MIN, AC + 3 HR AGE 18 Nl
~ ~I--
50 7.5 Co
00
FTuV
v
/I ~ 300
5 Mo
J.-' Tl
.. La
.....,
~
1 50
v- 250 1
1:
AI
FTY / ~ 200""
v "'i
J
18NI (250)
- ./
RA
....
150 Fe-18N1-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
CVM 0.115 INCH SHEET
ANNEALED + HOT ROLLED 20 PER-
MaraQinQ
300
CENT+900F, ~
3 HR
~ i'-
301--
0
e(4D)
1 - !il
~
I 260 I FTU
Iv(
500 700 900 1100 ::>
AGING TEMPERATU RE- F rt
220 300
~~
FIG. 3.021431 EFFECT OF AGING TEMP..
ERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR.
(6, p. 24)
180 260 Ul
I
~
I
FTY
><
E-<
220""
1/ .L
O.T
180
20
e(2 IN)
0
' t\.
~ "'-
Fe-18N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-T1- Al 0
CVMBAR 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
300
1-- 1500F, 30 MIN, AC + 900F AGE ROLlJNG TEMPERATU RE - F
~ -.... FIG. 3. 02161 EFFECT OF ROLIJNG TEMPERATU RE
::.250 ---7TU ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
t: ANNEALED, ROLLED, AND AGED
SHEET. (47)
200 300 ~
... I
250 ~
~
FTY
""
90 200
RA
0 e(4D)
...
0
0.5 1 5 10 50
AGING TIME - HOURS
320
Fe-18N!-7. 5Co-5M~-TI-Al _l ~WQ
L
Fe LAB AIR MELT, PLATE (L) AC
18 Nl HO'I' ROLL + COOLING + INDICA TED &SLOW
til280 COOL 300
HE!T TREATMEN T
:.a
7.5 Co
5 Mo
I
::>
rt'
240
_:a-- 1---
FTU - 2
Ti .a:.._
t--
AI --
--- --1---
FTY
RA
2 20
18Ni (250) -- '
~
MaraQinQ
.. --1---e(1 INCH)
~
340
Fc-18N!-7. 5Co-5M~-Ti-Al _I
LAB AIR MELT, PLATE (L)
wQ
Ac
r-...
900F, 3 HOURS HOT ROLL+ COOLING +
til300 I-INDICA TED HEAT TREATMEN T
..
A SLOW
_COOL 3 20
-
~280
[!l :.a
-... --
FTU I
t---
...
::> FTU
- !il
:.a
...:z: -
RA
FTY
--
2 GO ~
[!l
I
1::
"" 260
FTY--
-
-
2 80 I
:><
rt
---r---
~ 50 2 20 "" RA 2 40
t.l
ffip., - ~
-
IX: 10
...... IX:
. I
,;
280 ~3oo 0 ~-~
;:a
....
-- FTU
. .-
::>
...
I
FTU
~
--. - -
0 260 ""260 280 til
:.a
...._
- .. til
:.a
F TY
I
FTY
1:: ...:z: J=
-
0 220 "" 50 240
RA
~
...
~
t.l
=
~
p.,
RA -- ~
0
c (1 INCH) -
r-
10 (.'j
t.l
IX:
IX:
I
...: 10
-- c(1 INCH)
--
~ 10 ~
IX:
~
I
1600F, 1 HOUR+ 900F, 3 HOUUS
~
p., I
1500F, 1 HOUR+ 8 OF, 48 HOURS
p.,
I
0 d,
0 "'
-
1950 2050 til300
1850
-
1550 1650 1750 :.a _..
FINISHING TEMPERAT URE- F
::>
I
...
.
FIG. 3.02162 EFFECT OF HOT ROLLING FINISHING
TEM.!?ERA"fURE AND COOLING RATE
ON PROPERTIE S OF LABORATORY AIR-
INDUCTION-MELTED PLATE AGED AT
""260
F
.
FTu
-
~
280 !il
:.a
I
TY
(40)(48) J=
-.--
900F.
240
~ 50
~
t.l
IX:
UA c..--- -
~
p., ~
I 10 10 ~
...:
IX: .-- 1-
c(1 INCH) -- IX:
~
p.,
I 0 "'
I
Fe-18Nl-7 .5~5Mo-Ti-Al
3/8 INCH PLATE, L
I Fe
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS, AC 18 Ni
300
7.5 Co
~ ~ FTU __. 5 Mo
I 280 ..... 300
Ti
rt ;3 AI
:.:
260
'--..:::::: !""'-
FTY .-,:
~
~
280 ;..
260
!-<
""'
18Ni (250)
Moraoino
ecVM
A AM+ LADLE VACUUM DEGAS
10
..
~
to-
e(2 IN)
-.
FINlSHING TEMPERATURES ARE 500F -
LOWER THAN THE INDICATED ROLLING
TEMPERATURE
0
1900 2000
I
2100
I 2200
ROLLING TEMPERATURE - F
z
.........
0
~
~
STEEL RADIALm
Fro
--- .....
240
CVM(4TON, 0.50Ti)
AM+ LADLE VACUUM
0
280
6
DEGAS(70 TON, 0. 49Ti)
AM(85 TON,0.49Ti)
6
0
FTY !il
A---7 ......... :.:
~
"~ ~ ::;_
2GO
E
I
60 n 2 40
~
w
0
=
0
._
......
"""''t""' ~
.=
RA
w /
"'I 40
0 ""-1 ......
<
=
20 20
!-<
zw
e(1 IN) 0
a .a_ _. =
10"'
w
...... ~
380
Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Fe 0.062 INCH SHEET-IND VACUUM 35 LB HEATS 50 PERCENT CR
+ 1500F, 15 MINUTES+ 900F, 3 HRS
18 Nl e 0.20 INCH PLATE-300 LB VACUUJIIIND HEATS, 15 TON
7.5 Co c;;
340 CVM AND 20 TON AlR ELECTRIC ARC HEATS -=-""""-1<---i 3 80
1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HRS
5 Mo :<:
I
:::>
Tl E-<
r...
AI 300 ~--,_-~~~,.~~-~~~--r-~~----;340
c;;
:<:
18NI (250) I
Co Mo
8.46- 9.46 4.68-5.30
1 1
Fe-1B Ni-7. 5 Co-5Mo- TI- Al
AlR MELT, l'LATE, L
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE
0~----~----~----~----~----~----~~--~ 40
r--.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
0 40
4r----- i--
IE CHARPY V
40 0
IXl
..:I
I 20 t::--.. IE CHARPY V
t
AGING TEMPERATURE 850F
-
0 40
~
r---.... IE CHARPY V
r-----~--r-------~r--------,700
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
300 LB LAB. VAC. MELT, l/2 IN PLAT CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET
Fe
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE (SEE TABLE MILL ANN 1500F + 900F, 3 HR 18 Nl
341--->t-+--+---'<1~ 3.021426 FOR THE VARIOUS HEAT 700 EXPOSURE TIME 1000 HR 600
TREATMENTS) 7.5 Co
5 Mo
600
Tl
~ i-
AI
....~500 18NI (250)
II
Q
......
.!!!. MaraQinQ
22 f5400
0
z
ril
I=!
"'300
260 270 280 290 300
FTY- KSl
'
~ '
'-
320
. Fe-18Nl-~ .seo-sMo'-n-Al
CVM 0.115 IN SHEET
J
~ 10~--~----~----~--~ 1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE, 900F
800 850 950 1000 280
AGING TEMPERATURE - F
~ FTY, LANDT
FIG. 3.0233 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
ON THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF
240 ,/
...------
ANNEALED PLATE. (51) FATIGUE CENTER
ruu~HEAT
TREAT AFTER
~
+rf-
200 _ CRACKING ""<>-'
30 280
Fe-18Ni~7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al 2
LAB HEATS
1500F, 1 HR + 900F, 3 HR c. I
240
~ ~ ~CK STRENGTH
-
c.
-
lil
10 ~ :.:
200
L T ~
... c.
It CHARPYI V
0 160 I
0 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0 2 4 6 8 10
SULFUR- PERCENT AGING TIME - HOURS
FIG. 3.0234 EFFECT OF SULFUR CONTENT ON FIG. 3.027121 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON NOTCH
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT PROPERTIES OF 250 KSl ANNEALED
!lHF.F."I'. 139\
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970
340
Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mri-n-Al
l
Ft
18 Nl
0.5 INCH PLATE
HOT ROLLED+
--HEAT B
I
~300 r-AGE 3 HR
?.5 Co I
5 Mo ~
r.,
FTY
I
-L----
c
A
Tl
260
-r- CRACK
AI HEAT STRENGTH SHEAR
18NI (250)
220 - A, CVM
B, CVM
0.
0
r-- 180
C, AIR 0
Moroolno ..j ? "
120 ~
-~
CRAi STRENGY
[[:::] EDGE
FATIGUE CRACK
HEAT TREAT
80
80 - AFTER CRACKING_
-;r- -~
p
-
SHEAR
0
800 850 900 950 1000 360r-----~----~------~----~
AGING TEMPERATURE- F Fe-18NI-7.5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
CVM 0.115 IN SHEET
FIG. 3.027122 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATI:RE CR + 900F, 3 HR
ON CRACK STRENGTH OF AIR AND -.'......
CVM PLATE. (52)
~
120~--~~----~--~~+-----~
aor--L~~~--~~-----+-----4
40'------....l....------'------.l------1
0 20 40 60 80
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT
300~-----r------~-----r----~r-----,
Fe-18NI-7. 5 Co-5Mo-Tl.- AI
Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
AIR MELT, 3/4 INCH PLATE Ft
AIR MELT PLATE
1500F, 1 HR, AC+900F, 3 HR, AC
HOT ROLLED+ 915F, 4 liR 18 Nl
1~----4-----~~----4-----~ 260~==~~~.---+-~~~~----+------i
FTY- KSI
251
7.5 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI
~
18or------r----~~~~-r-----;------;
e w = 4 INCHES ISNI (250)
200-'(/_l_ t .a. A w = 3 INCHES
MarUQinQ
t'
(jw/3 w=16t
H~1 0. 2 o. 4
SURFACE
CRACK HEAT TREAT
BEFORE CRACKING
0. 6 o. 8 1.0
CRACK LENGTH - 2a., - IN
100~----~----~~----~----~
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-~.M<>-TI-Al
CVM, 1.8 IN TlUCK PLATE, RW
ANNEALED 1500F, AC +AGE, 6 liR
160 (SEE FIG. 3.021427 FOR TENSILE PROPERTIES) - - - i
1
I TYPE A SPELENS
e TYPE B SPECIMENS
1401--l>-'r.;- ----...L-------
Fc-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
AIR MELT 3/4 INCH PLATE TESTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE 900 PROPOSED STANDARD (81),
?5
~120~-----~--+----------+--------~-------+-;
:.:
180
60
140
100L-----~----~~----~----~------~ (A)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
.., ... CRACK LENGTH 2"o - INCH 700 800 900 1000 1100
100
I
lJ
Fe
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
LAB AIR MELT, PLATE, (RW)
HOT ROLL + COOLING +INDICATED HEAT
I
18 Nl
80 TREATMENT
1500F, 30 MIN, AC + 900F, 3 HR
7.5 Co --~ Kw
5 Mo
Ti
~t>< t---....
AI 850F, 48 HR
~ ~
40 100
18NI (250)
K!c
MaraQing
80
~ r--- r--- ~
1----
r---- r-- """' 60 ~ 0.004 0.008 0.012
STRAIN - INCH PER INCH
0.016
1500F, 1 HR + 850F, 48 HR
FIG. 3.03112 STRES8-STRA1N CURVES AT ROOM
100
I I 40 AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
:~
1
~rc-o.2T!
FOR CVM BAR. (6)
:
s-,..owcoo A
0-
-
80 r - - 6 ___,
40
1550 1650
--..:::::::;
1600F, 1 HR + 850F, 48 HR
I
1750
t---
I
1850 1950
FlNlSHING TEMPERATURE- F
-- r---.
2050
300 1---+---+---1---l
RT
TENSION
TENSION
340
,_1 I I
Fe-18Ni-7.5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.07 lN SHEET
I Fe
MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
340
1500F, 1 HR, AC +COLD 18 Nl
300
0 EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR t11400 1-__,.,::=-+-----t ROLLED 50 PERCENT + 900F,
:<! 3 HR 7.5 Co
~ I
::> 5 Mo
260 ~ ......... 300
f-4
~3001----r-----~~~-r------r------r-;
Ti
0
~ 1'-e- r---
FTU
AI
~ ~
12 220
-""'~1"--
260
I
t:l
rt
1BO
FTY
1\ 220:.:
!iJ
~1\
I
><
140
\ 1BO
rt'
\
eL
OT
100 140
\
e(21N}
10 100 OL----~---~----~---~--~~
-500 -250 0 250 500 750
/
J TEST TEMPERATURE- F
-
0
....
..,e(21N)
AND AGED SHEET. (65, p. 30)
0
-200 0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
300
260
Fe-1BN!-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.06 TO 0.07 lN SHEET
180
' '
~~
~
~
...........
FTU
--,
1---.,
~
\ E
260
220
!iJ
:.:
I
L FTY ~
12
'J20 ~----~--~~~~~+-~~-+--~~+------i260 ~
~~
-~-:
140 180
rt
1BO
I
><
rt'
15
OT
\ 140
c(2 IN)
- !;:;140
'
.-
~ 10
p:;
lol ~ 0
~
ll. 0
0 5
"' -200 0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
FIG. 3.03122 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSlLE FIG. 3. 03124 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSlLE
PROPERTIES OF TWO HEATS OF CVM SHEET. (60)(61) PROPERTIES OF PLATE. (25, pp. 114-116)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970
300
Fe Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
BAR
18 Nl
260
7.5 Co
5 Mo til
:.:
Ti I
:::>
220
f-o
AI ~
180
18NI (250)
Maraolng
140 1 - - - - 0 CVM HEAT A (6)
Fe-18Ni-7 .SCo-SMo-Ti-Al
CVM, 1/2 INCH PLATE (CROSS ROLLED) C. AIR l\IELT }
OCVM HEAT B (61 )
1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR
80
RA
f-o
~320 z 40
Jil
u
I
::>
f-o
=
Jil
~280~--+-----~----~--~~+-~~~------4 "' 0
600 800 1000
TEMPERATURE - F
.... 0.35 Ti
oc. 0.48 Ti 300
Fe-18Ni~7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-All
260
" ~ ......
CVM, 7/8 IN DIAMETER BAR, L
MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR
'--.._~F
300
V1
~220 "r-.. "'-- r--.._TU
260
1\
::>
~ ~
~1--- FTY I
180 220t
0~~~----~----~----~----~----~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
~ \
TEMPERATURE - F
140 \ 180
\
FIG. 3.03125 EFFECT OF CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE S ON
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE AT TWO
TITANIUM LEVELS. (63)
60 140
!;. RA
Jil
u ..- /'
a: 40
Jil
15
"'a: ~u
..l:
20 __.....
c(2 IN) /_ 10 !i!=
.......... "' ..
I
5
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
320 280
Fe-1SN1-7 .5~5Mo-Ti-~
1
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM BAR CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET
Fe
c;-.... MILL ANN l500F +AGE 900F,
3 HR
18 Nl
240 240
7.5 Co
~
~~
~ 5 Mo
I 160 20 0 Ti
~
:::1
FCY
rt AI
!il
l<:
80 1GO
e
HOLDING TIME
30 MINUTES
0 ~----~~20~0~1~!0~U~RS~---+------r-----~~~~ 80 120
EXPOSURE TIME
1/2 HR
1ooo 1m
L
T
0
ll \ 18NI (250)
Maraolno
\
100 80
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
RA
~
f,l FIG. 3.03221 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
0 COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF SHEET.
II: 50
f,l (25, pp. 119-120, 143)
"'
300
Fc-!18Nl-7 .5c!o-5Mo-Ti~Al
200 400 GOO 800 1000 1200 CVM, 0.25 IN PLATE, T
TEMPERATURE - F MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F,3HF
~~---
EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 lffi -
----.
TEST TEMPERATURE. (64)
:.:
( 220
~
FCY
180
140
0 200 400 GOO 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
300
I
Fe-1BNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
I I
CVM, 1.5 IN DIAMETER BAR, L
...__ MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
260 EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR
..........
~--:--.~
~12or-----+------v~~~------t-----~-----r-1
:.:
gj
I
~220 ~
~
~ 8or-----+-~~~----_,------+-----~-----r-1 FCY
!ii
180
'
140
0 200 400 GOO 800 1000
0.010 0.012 TEST TEMPERATURE - F
STRAIN - lN PER IN
FIG. 3.03223 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
FIG. 3.0321 TYPICAL STRE5S-STRAIN CURVES FOR COMPRESSION COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF BAR.
(;; AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES. (25, p. 55) (25, pp. 124-125)
W VV'I I
Fe \ ...
18 Ni 50
7.5 Co L T MELT L T
...
0 AIR 230 KSI (66)
5 Mo } 1/2 IN CVM
c.
40 AIR
Ti 5/8 rn CVM 252 KSl
5/8 IN CVM
AI
~30
.. " 0 112 rn
3/4 IN
AIR+ VAC DEGAS
AIR
18NI (250) ~
Maraglng !;:
Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-T i-Al
1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR 1
20~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~ 40 MELT
0 1/2 IN SQ } BAR
e 5/8 INDIA
C. 1 1/2 x 5 IN FORGE
30 A 5 IN SQ BILLET
IE CHARPY-V
0~----~------~----~----~~----~----~----~ ~20r---~~~~~~~r7~~~~~~~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
TEMPERAT URE - F I
f-<
r..
FIG. 3. 03311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMFE RATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH
OF
PLATE FROM SEVERAL HEATS. (8)(66)
IE CHARPY-V
e 245 KSI}F
' 0 260 KSI TY
oL---
.. ----~
300
--~--
:.~:J
-200
--~--
-100
~----
0
~
100 0 400 800 1200
TEMPERAT URE- F
TEST TEMPERAT URE- F
FIG. ';.::.;,2 EFFECT OI' LOW TEST TEMPERAT URE ON
FIG. 3.03314 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERAT URE
IMPACT STRENGTii OF ANNEALED AND AGED -
ON THE IMPACT STRENG'nl OF
PT.ATF.
FeUH
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
1
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al _I ()L Fe
40 t-VIM + CVM, 1 IN THICK PLATE -
BAR, BILLET, ANDPLATE
1- ANNEAL 1500/1550F + 900, 3 HR MILL ANNEAL 1650F +AGE I OT
18 Ni
~ ~t--IE CjARPY V 7.5 Co
I
L T FORM MELT L T REF
... 7/8 INDIA BAR CVM 256 (25) -
!;:20 -,;r,. 5 Mo
40
.,
'i1
5 IN SQ IDLLET
5/8 IN PLATE
5/8 IN PLATE
CVM 250
11/2 IN X 5 IN BILLET CVM 268
CVM 252
CVM 268
},.., - 0
AGING TEMPERATURE 85~F
"'
40
Ti
AI
0 3/4IN PLATE AIR 255 256
} (8)
~
0 3/4IN PLATE AIR 244 244 IE CJARPY V ~
18Ni (250)
., - I- - 1---
20
...:t
I
~
"""""'l
30
~
t: Maraoino
~
., ., ., AGING TEMPERATURE 900F
/ ... ...
40 0
~ ... 'i1 ~
: -- ---- 4
I
~-
IE ~ARPY V
'i1 ~ 1---- 0 f"-.,
10
~ I-
TEMPERA~rE 95iF
0
IE IHARPYV
0
0.5
1
1
GING
5 10 50
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 AGING TIME - HOURS
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03322 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND
FIG. 3.03315 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE IMPACT TIME ON THE IMPACT PROPERTIES OF
STRENGTH OF BAR, IDLLET, AND PLATE FROM VIM+ CVM PLATE AT +30F. (38,pl6)
SEVERAL HEATS. (8) (25)(46)
Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
! CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET
\. MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
Fe-1~NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-TiJAl J
-VIM+ CVM, 1 IN THICK PLATE
SOLUTION ANN AS INDIICA'ED AGE 900 F i EXPOSURE TIME
1/2 HR
_k
e
_:r._
0
I
IE CHARPY V e L 80 ~-----r~1~0~0~0~H~RT-----~~~~~=-r-----~
t: - I 0 T
20
ANNEALING TEMP- ~
1650 F + 1400 F 40~--~~--~~--~----~----~
0 200 400 600 800 100:1
0 40 TEST TEMPERATURE- F
- -.....
160
IQ
..::1
20
IE CHARPY V
r--- --....., r--....
~
I
t: 120
0
1800 F + 1400 F
Fsu ~
0.5 1 5 10 50
AGING TIME - HOURS 80
0 200 41)0 600 800 1000
FIG. 3.03321 EFFECTS OF SOLU1'ION ANNEALING TEMP- TES1 TEMPERATURE- F
ERATURE AND AGING TIME ON THE IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF VIM+ CVM PLATE AT +30F. FIG. 3.03512 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
l'lA n 11;;\ I!=:F.F. li'Tl":_ ~LOY.-1!1.4 FOR ROOM SHEAR ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF PLATE.
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970
~----~------~----~----------~480
Fe-18Ni_:7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Fe Fe-18Ni-7, 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 7/8 IN DIAMETER BAR, L CVM, 0.25 IN PLATE, T
lB. Ni MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
Iaol----+- EXPOSURE TiME 1/2 HR 4BO I------+~...;EX;r:PO:..::;S:..:U:..:R;:E:..T.:::iM=Ei'-=1/,_;2:...::1ill::....,..----j440
7.5 Co
5 Mo ~
Ti 4401----~--~~-~~---4~-~400
AI ~
~oi----~~~~+----~~----P~--~350~
IBNi (250) 200 400 600 800 1000
"'II
TEST TEMPE!lATURE - F
0
MaraoiM FIG. 3.03513 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE ~
SHEAR ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF BAR.
G 3601--~~~----+-----~~---~-~~
,...;
(25, pp. 131-132) II
0
~
240
160~----~----~----~~----~----J
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
"'
0
II MILL ANN 1500F + 900F1 3 HR
-EXPOSURE TIME 1000 HR 500
.L----+~~-4-~~-4320~
.,,
...;
:I:
l;
i-"'\,.. ~
I
II z --4---~~--~r------~4000"
0 f,:l
~320 ~~==~~~~~~~----_j~r-_j~ao~ o-i
II
:I: "' 0
l; ~
zf,:l ~4001----- --4------~~-~~~300~
15280
G" b
z
"' ...; f,:l
II:
..
II
o300 -~~--~~~k------~.4200~
o/D L
240
2.0 6
T
~
1.5 0
200
100~----~~--------~---------J
160~----~------~----~~---~------J RT 600 800 1000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 TEST TEMPERATURE - F
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3. 03621 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
FIG. 3.03611 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE THE HEARING STRENGTH OF SI!EE:T
R~ A nn.:rr: ~"T'TH<'I\Jr..TI-f n ~ <:Ult'T.'T
FeUH
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.080 INCH SHEET
Fe
1500F, 1 HR + 900F, 3 HR
18 Nl
260~---+-----~-----4------~--~
0. 05 IN/IN/MIN FATIGUE CENTER CRACK 7.5 Co
"FTY
~ {75 tl-o.7 ?_ 5 Mo
Ti
AI
IBN I (250)
MaraolnQ
1000
Fc-lSNi-7 .50o-5Mo-Ti-Al
FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND STRAIN CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET AND 0.25 IN
RATE ON CRACK STRENGTH OF ANNEAI,ED AND PLATE
AGED SHEET. (69)
100~--~~---4----~----4-----+---~
FRACTURE APPEARANCE
PERCENT SHEAR
L T
0.07 1N SHEET e 0
0.25 IN PLATE 0
9I-o.7
FATIGUE CENTER CRACK HEAT TREAT
BEFORE CRACKING
-100 100 200 300 400
TEMPERATURE- F
18
Fe
Nf
Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
SHEET AND PLATE, L
ANNEALED+ 900P, 3 HR
-
7.5 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI ...
18NI (250) -...
-
Mara aina
\.,
.'-
-1.
~.
J Fe-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-All
I
AIR MELT, 0.15 IN SHEET, L
1500F, 1 HR, AC + llOOF, 3 HR
~
..
A STEEL A- AIR MELT, 0.151N
SHEET, FTy= 245 KSI, FREQ,;;
2 c/s, R ::::0, (AIR)(76)
STEEL B- AIR MELT, 0. 27 1N
-
ARGON), (33)
0 STEEL D- VIM, 0.18 IN PLATE, -
FTY = 245 KSI, FREQ 5 f.'/t;,
R = 0.05 (DRY ARGON) (24) ~R""O
FREQ =::: 2 c/s
":
10
I ~
50 100 500 ~
STRESS INTENSITY (AK)- KSI Vm
FIG. 3.0521 INFLUENCE OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR (A K) AND
TEST ENVIRONMENT ON FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION
OF SHEET AND PLATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.
Z
<J
(24)(33)(75)(76) ~
~
tii10- 5
!(
0:
:>::
~
~
5
<
0:
t,)
10- 6
10 w 100
STHESS INTENSITY (AK)- KSI"\frN
I ! I_
45
Fe-1&N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-T1-Al _. 0 Fe
1---- VIM, 0.2 IN PLATE 1
1700F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR, AC - ' 18 Ni
0
7.5 Co
.~
0
00
35
c 5 Mo
~ 1-0-<
Ti
....
-"
1--*-i
~
1-<)-l
1- )-l
1-<)-l
0
0
oo AI
~ 1-0-l
0 18NI (250)
0
25 0 0
~ f~ MaraQinQ
0
1-+1 t-:>-J 0
0
..... ~ 1-{-1 0
0
1--+-1 k ~ 0
0
150 CPS 5 CPS
15
~-~
TESTED IN DRY _
ARGON
<H 0 TESTED IN DRY
HYDROGEN
I I I
10-6 10-5
6 a/6N- IN PER CYCLE
0.3 4
Fc-18N1-7 .5Co-51\!o-T1-Al
0.093 INCH SHEET
1500F, 1 HR + CR + 900t',
.....,_ 3 HR
0
~ Fc-18N1-7. 5Co-5Mo-T1-Al
6
~ CVM, SHEET, PLATE, AND BAR
ANNEAL 1500F, 900F, 3 HR
EXPOSURE TIME 30 1\!IN TENSION
32
e LONGITUDINAL
OTRANtVERSE 36 28 ~
0.2 2 :.:
0 20 40 60 80 0
0
COLD REDUCTION- PERCENT ....
0
32 24 ~
FIG. 3.0611 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING PIUOR
0
TO AGING ON POISSON'S RATIO. (63)
~
28 20 ~
In
:.:
0
0
~24
I
tol L T
...
0 0 0.07 IN SHEET }
!== 6 0.25 IN PLATE (25)
;: 20
"' 7/8 INDIA BAR
BAR (6)
"
16
-200 0 200 400 GOO 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
200
-"'
:.:
950F
lOOOF
100
TENSION TENSION
OL-------~----~W-~--
~~ 0
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
1000 KSI
1000 KSI
FIG. 3.0641 TANGEN T MODULUS CURVES AT
FIG. 3.0651 SECANT MODULUS CURVES AT
ROOM AND EI.EVAT ED TEMPER -
ATURES FOR AIR MELT, ANNEAL ED, ROOM AND ELEVAT ED TEMPER -
AND AGED BAR. ATURES FOR AIR l\IELT, ANNEAL ED,
(6) AND Am:D BAR. (6)
FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
I Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-AI
CVM BAR
Fe
1500F, 1/2 HOUR, AC + 900 F, 18 Ni
3 H~URS
300 7.5 Co
J RT-
GOO~ ~
5 Mo
800F ~ Ti
200 900F 1 AI
950F ~ \\
lOOOF~
ISNI (250)
100 Maraolno
e SPEC A
0. 0 AD SPEC B
Fo-lSNI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
CVM, 3/8 INCH PLATE 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC +WELD+ 900F, 3 HOURS, AC CRACK DEPTH (<fo)- INCH
280
r----::::::j:=:===:O{:l====j=====b;o==~ FIG. 4.0362 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK DEPTH ON TilE CRACK STRENGTH OF
VARIOUS WELD DEPOSITS IN AIR MELT PLATE. (56)
11/16 IN WIDE
X 3/8 IN THICK
U3200 SURFACE-CRACK
:<: SPECIMENS
90
160 SINGLE V DOUBLE V
0
0 IIAZ
120L-------~------~--------~------~--------~
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.2Q 0.25
CRACK LENGTII(2a,)- L'ICII
reuM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970
Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
18
Fe
Ni 300
AIR MELT, 3/4 IN PLATE
TllMPLANT GMA 2 PASS WELDS
WELD DEPOSIT-1.2Ti
I
a=:~~r-
7.5 Co
5 Mo
260
1---
-\ t = 1/8 l
T -
Ti
\
AI
!n
:.:
~220 h\ '\.,.
SURFACE FATIGUE CRACK AT WELD
If. HT BEFORE CRACKING
18Ni (250)
Maraoino
z~
.,~ p
WELDS
'"' !'-....
_\
:1: 180
u
f-o
0
z BASE """'~ .,
140
0 WELD+ 900F, 3 HR, AC
PLATE
,,
--
..........
WELD+ 1500F, 1 IIR, AC j"--._
+ 900F, 3 HR, AC
100
I I
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
CRACK DEPTH (dol - INCH
FIG. 4.0363 EFFECT OF SUR~'ACE CRACK DEPTH ON THE SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH
OF WELD DEPOSITS 1N 250 KSI AIR MELT PLATE AGED AFTER WELDING
Olt ANNEALED AND AGED AFTE!l WELDING. (56)
30. \Vacher, G. A., "Stress Corrosion Cracking Studies of Project Review, ASD-TDR 63-262 (November 1962)
10-, 12-, wtd 18- Percent Ni Maraging Steel Alloys p. 47.
in Sea Water," U. S. Navy, Marine Engineering 52. Hughes, W., Thiokol Cbemlcal Company, Personal Fe
Laboratory, MEL R&D Phase Report 73166 (March 1966 Communication with W. F. Brown, Jr. (1962).
31. Acrojct-Gcneral Corporation, "Stress Corrosion Crack- 53. Bhat, G. K. , "Metallurgical Research in Support or the
18 Nl
ing of High Strength Alloys," Report No. 0414-02-2
(Quarterly), Contract DA-04-495-0RD-3069
Construction and Testing of a 10 Foot Diameter Proto-
type Pressure Vessel Using Maraging 18 Percent Nickel
7.5 Co
32.
(January 1964).
Acrojct-Gcncral Corporation, "Stress Corrosion
steel Plates," AFO Contrsct 4 (611)-8525, Mellon
Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvwtia (April 22, 1963).
5 Mo
Cracking of High Strength Alloys," Report No. 0414- 54. Decker, R. F., Eash, J. T., and Goldman, A. J., Ti
02-3 (Quarterly), Contract DA-04-495-0RD-3069 "Maraglng Nickel Molybdenum Steels," ASM Trans.
(April 1964). Quartcrly(1962). AI
33. Wei, R. P., Talda, P. M., and U, Chc-Yu, "Fatigue 55. Zaperstcln, Z. P. and Mixon, W. V., "Evaluation or
Crack Propagation in Some Ultrahigh Strength Steels," Maraging Steel for Application to Space Launch Vehicles ( )
ASTM STP 415 (1967) pp. 460-485. NASA Contract NAS 7-214, Douglas Report SM 43105 8
I NI 250
34. Novak, S. R. and RoUe, S. T., "Comparison of (October 4, 1963).
Fracturc-Mechwtics and Nominal Stress Analyses in 56 Zaperstcin, z. P. and Whitcson, B. v., "The Proper- Maraglng
Stress Corrosion Testing," Corrosion (1969) (to be tics of Welded 18Ni-7Co-5Mo Plato," Engineering
published). Paper No. 1696 Douglas Missile and Space Systems
35. Republic Steel Corporation, "Special Property Steels," Division (July 1963).
Adv. 1868-10M-468, p. 31 (1968). 57. Shimmin, J. 'f., ct. a!., Republic Steel Corporation,
36. Republic Steel Corporation, "Manufacturing Process ''Manufacturing Process Development for High Strength
Development for lligh Strength Steels," lntcrlm Steel's," Interim Engineering Progress Heport IR- 8-
Engineering Progress Report lR- 8-157 (VITI) (1 May 157(V) (1 .July 1964-1 October 1964)(1964).
1965-1AUb'liSt1965) (1965). 58. Brown, W. F., Jr., and Srawley, J. E., "Plwtc Strain
37. Spacdcr, G. J. and Murphy, W. J., "An Investigation of Crack Toughness Testing of High Strength Metallic
the Effect of Heat Treating Variables on the strength wtd Materials," ASTM STP 410 (1967).
Fracture Toughness of 18Ni-Co-Mo lllaraging Steel," 59. Crimmin, P. P. and Tenner, W. S., "lnformal Monthly
U. S. Steel Corporation, Applied Research Laboratory Report .for the Investigation of Maraging Stc:,els" (1 July
Report 10.002-070(8) (December 24, 1963). 1963-30 July 1963) ASD Contract AF 33(657)-8740,
38. Puzak, P. P., Et. a!., "Metallurgical Characteristics Aerojct-Gcncral Corporation, Sacramento, California
of lligh Strength Structural 1\laterlals," Eleventh Quart- (July 1963).
erly Report, NRL Report 6513 (August1966). GO. Sampson, H. B., "Preliminary Investigation of 250
39. CUrtiss-Wright Corporation, "Hescarch on Binary Iron- and 300 Maraging Steel Sheets (18Ni-Co-Mo)," Maraging
Nickel Alloys with 20-25 Percent Nickel," Contract Steel Project Review, ASD TOR 63-262 (November 1962)
AF33 (616)-8018, Progress Hcport No. 4 (February 28, p. 271.
1962). 61. Hwtna, G. L. and Steigerwald, E. A., "Fracture
10. U. S. Steel Corporation, Applied Hcscarch Laboratory, Characteristics of Structural Metals," Bureau of Naval
"Unpublished Data," Cotnmunlcntion to R. P. Wei (1969) Weapons Contract No. NGOO (19)-58831, Final Hcport
41. Audcncr, R. E. and Tenner, W. S., "Evaluation of ER 5426, TAPCO, Cleveland, Ohio (June 1963).
!Ugh Nickel Steel for Application In Largo Booster 62. Kula, E. B. and lllckcy, C. F., Jr., "Evaluation of
Motor Application,'' ASD Contract AF33 (657)-8740,
Maraging Steel at U. S. Army Materials Research
Acrojet-Gcneral Corporation, Sacramento, California,
Agency," 3rd Mnraging Steel Project Hcview, ASD
Hcport 0705-82Q-2 (December 1962).
Project 7381 (July 1963).
42. 7"'persteln, z. P., and Mixon, W. V., "Evaluation of 63. Vwtadlum Alloy Steel Company, Personal Communica-
Maraging Steel for Application to Space Launch Vehicles
tion between J. G. Hamaker wtd S. S. Manson (NASA
NASA Contract NAS 7-214, Douglas Hcport SM43105 Lewis) (1963).
(July 8, 1963).
64. Boeing Company, "Evaluation of Cold Rolled Sheet and
43. Crimmins, P. P., and Tenner, W. S., "lnformal
!lot llolled and Forged Bar of the 18, 20, and 25 Percent
MonUtly Heport for the Investigation of Maragtng Steel
Ni Maraging Steels," Boeing Document No. 02-35109
Covering the Perlod(l May Through 30 May 1963)
(1963)(AD443891).
ASD Contract AF 33 (657) 8740, Acrojct-Gcncral
05. DMIC, "The Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steels I'
Corporation, Sacramento, California (May 1963).
44. Spllzlg, W. A., "The Effect or !Alplcx Aging Treatment DMIC Memorandum Draft (July 22, 1963).
on the Mechanical Properties or 18NI-Co-Mo-TI lllara- 66. Clark, C. C., International Nic:kcl Company, Personal
ging Steels," U. S. Steel Corporation, prcprlnt of paper Communication toW. F. Brown, Jr. (1962).
to be published In Trans. ASM (1969). 67. Steigerwald, E. A., TAPCO Group, Thompson-Ramo-
45. Srawlcy, J. E., "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Wooldridge, lnc., Personal Communication toW. F.
Tests on 1\vo lnch Titlck Maraging Steel Plate at Brown, Jr. (September 24, 1962).
Various Strcnb>th Levels," FHACTUHE 1969, Proceed- 68. Tuffnell, G. IV., Pasquine, D. L., and Olson, J. H.,
Ings of the Second lntcmauonal Conference on Fracture, "An Investigation of tho FatiguC' Behavior of I 8 Pllrccnt
Brighton (April 1969) Chapman and Hall, Ltd (1969). Nickel Maraging Steel," Trans. ASM, Volume 59
46. caasgal, B. M., Looby, G. T., wtd Traynor, 1\1. T., (1966) p. 769.
Republic Steel Corporation, "Unpublished Data" (1962). 69. Cicci, F., "An Investigation of the Statistical Distribu-
47. Curtiss-Wright Corporation, "Hcscarch on Binary Iron- tion or Constwtt Amplitude Fatigue Endurance for a
Nickel Alloys with 20-25 Percent Nickel," Contract Maraging Steel," UT lAS Note No. 73 (July 1964)
AF 33 (616)-8018, Pro!;"rcss Hcport No. 5 (May 30, 1962 (AD448046).
48. Spacdcr, G. J., Brown, 11. M., wtd Murphy, W. J., 70. Swanson, S. R., "A Survey of the Fatigue Aspects of
"'ntc Effect of !lot Holling Variables on the Fracture the Application of Ultrahigh Strength Steels," in DMIC
Toughness of 18NI M1rag!ng Steel," Trans. ASM, Hcport 210 (October 26-28, 1964) p. 136.
Volume 60, p. 418 (1~67). 71. Spaedcr, G. J. and Murphy, W. J., "Properties of
19. Aggen, G. N., Allc.:hcny- Ludlum Steel Corporation, Cold H<.'duccd 300 Grade 18 NI Maraglng Steel," Journal
Personal Communlc"tion with W, F. Brown, Jr.(1962). of Materials, Volume 3, No. 1 (1968) p. 116.
50. Aerojct-Gcneral Corporation, "Evaluation of High 72. Campbell, J. E. , "Review of Alloys and Fabricating
r
f,
Nickel l\laraglng Alloy Steels," Contract AF 33 (657)-
889Q, Task No. 738103, Phase 1(1 October through 31
Mcthodp for 'o'actlcal Missile Motor Cases," DMIC
Memorandum 224 (August 15, 1967).
!
"' ...
December 1962)(15 January 1963) (AD 295680). 73. Carmwt, C. M. 111111 l"..atlin, J. 111., "Low Cycle Fatigue
~. 51. Grotkc, G. E., "Some t\Bpccts of Wcldablllty of 18 Crack Propagation or lligh St1:r.n1l(h Steels," 66-ME'I'-3,
I ~'-#1 I
\..,.,,,.,
AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL MJ::TALli IIMIJIIUUI<.
FeU I-
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR W. F. BROWN, JR.
1. 04 Composition
Table 1.04.
TABLE 1 04
Source (85) (84) (49)(50)(51)(83) (S?)p. 14(58)(83)(84)
Grade 0.45C 0,30C 0.25C 0.20C
Percent Percent Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0.42 0.48 0.29 0,34 0.24 0.30 O.lG(b) 0.23
Chromium 0.20 0.35 0.90 1.10 0.35 0.60 0.65 0.85
Cobalt 3.50 4.50 4.25 5.00 3.50 4.50 4.25 4.75
Mangnncsc 0.10 0.35 0.10 0,35 0.10 0.35 0.20 0.40
Molybdenum 0.20 0.35 0.90 1.10 0.35 0.60 0.90 1.10
Nickel 7.00 8.50 7.00 8.00 7.00 9.00 8.5 9.5
Phosphorus - 0.010 - 0.010 - 0.010 - 0.010
Silicon - 0.100 - 0.10 - 0.10 --O.lO(a)
Sulphur -
0.06
0.010
0.12 0.06
- 0.010
0.12 0.06
- 0.010
0.12 0.06
0.010
0.12
Vanadium
Copper
lron
- 0.35
Balance
- 0.35
Balance
- 0.35
Balance Balance
(a) AMS 6540A(49), 6545A(51) give Sl-0.35 maximum.
(b) AMD 65 DC (83) and AMD 62CF (84) give c-0.17 to 0.23, Mn- 0.20 to 0.30 and
Cu - 0. 35 maximum.
1. 05 Heat Treatment
(See also 3. 011).
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1971
1.06 Har!lness
when the alloy is tested In high pressure hydrogen (see
Fe 1.061 Effect of nustenitlzlng time on hardness at 0.42C level, Table 1. 0921).
Figure 1.061. 1. 0921 Effect of testing In high pressure hydrogen on the
9 Ni 1. 062 End quench hardcnnb1llty for 0.25C and 0.45C grades, smooth tensile and sharp notch properties or o. 20C
Figure 1. 062. grade rod, Table 1. 0921.
4 Co 1.063 End quench hardenab1llt y for 0.30C grade, Figure 1.063.
1. 064 End '!'lench hardcnabilit y for 0. 20C grade, Figure 1. 064. TABLE 1 092 1
Cr 1.065 Zfi'ect of tempering temperature on hardness at two Source (68) p. 24, 51 and 52 (69) p. n-5
carbon levels, Figure 1. 065. Allov 9NI-40J 0. 20C Grade CVM C, deox)
Mo 1.066 Effect of tempering temperature on the hardness of Form 7/16 diameter Rot!
v 0. 25C grade plate, Figure 1. 066. Condition
Environmen t
i550F, 1 hr, 0Q + 1000F (2 + 2 hr)
Air Helium Hydrogen
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available Pressure - pslg 0 10,000 10,000
9Ni-4Co 1.071 Forms. All grades are available In sheet, plate, bar, Ftu- ksl 208 199 175
and forging billets. Fty- ksl 202 187 143
e(1.25 in)-perccnt 15 15 1.0
RA- percent 65 67 15
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice Notch strengtb(a)
1.081 Melting. The preferred practice for high cleanliness - ksl 373 368 86
Is basic electric furnace melting of an unkilled heat (a) Diameter - 0. 25 Inch ,Notch diameter - 0.150 Inch
having excess carbon and very low Sl and AI. Remelt- Notcb anglo 60 V, Root radius =0. 001 Inch
Ing of the vacuum consumable electrode process
(using a cold walled crucible) results 1n carbon deoxi- 1.093 Fracture Toughness. There Is very little Information
dation. The advantage of this process Is the elimination nvnllablc on the plane strain fracture toughness of
of Inclusions associated with Sl and AI which are various grades or this alloy. Data for 0. 30C grade
normally added to kill the air melt. The following plate and forgings (Figure 3. 02721) Indicate that Krc
gives a brief comparison of the mechanical properties Increases steadily In the tempering temperature range
among killed air melts, Killed air plus consumable between 400 and lOOOF even though only a small varia-
electrode vacuum remelts, and carbon deoxidized tion In yield strength Is observed In this range. These
melts of 0. 25 and 0. 45C grades, quenched and tempered data Indicate a Kic = 120 ksi-(in) 1/2 at a yield strength
to about 180 and 250 ksl respectively . In the 0. 25C of about 200 ksl can be obtained by tempering at lOOOF.
grade, the reduction of area values of forgings and the More recent information on 3 Inch forged plate of
Impact strength of both plate and forgings nrc Improved 0. 25C grade (Figure 3. 03721) shows about liac same
by consumable vacuum remelting of a killed air melt; Krc value at Fty =180 ksl. Nearly all the fl'llcturc data
however, larger Improvemen ts In these properties are for 0.45C grade applies to sheet and, as mlgn: be
obtained by carbon deoxidation (sec Figures 3. 03311, expected, this grade when quenched and tempo red to
3.0338, 4,0141, 4.0142, and Table 3.02112). The high strength levels (F ty > 220 ksl) exhibits considera-
sharp notch tensile properties of 0. 25C heavy plate ble crack sensitivity (c. g. Tables 3.02717 and 3. 03718
also reveal t!ac same r~lativc effects of molting practice and Figures 3. 03715 and 3. 02716). However, a bainltic
(sec Table 3. 02711). However, for the 0.45C grade the structure appears to be considerably superior to a
effects of melting practice arc not nearly so pronounced martcnsltic structure In this respect (sec Table 3. 0~717).
(sec Tables 3.02716, 3.02717, 3.02718, and Figures
4.0142 and 4.0143).
2.02 Other Physical Properties exposed to ASTM sea water might be around 100 ksl --,:
2.021 Density, 0.28 lb per cu ln. (in)1/2, However, additional tests or the same kind on Fe !
Electrical properties. tho same plate with failure times approaching one year
II
2.022
2. 0221 Electrical conductivity, Table 2. 0221. show the Krscc value when established will be well 9 Ni
below 100 ksi (in)1/2 (72).
TABLE 2 0221
Source llll 4 Co
WJoy 9Ni-4Co The results for sheet (Figures ~. 0325 and 2. 0329) did
0.20C 0.25C 0.30C 0.45C not show any superiority of 0. 25C over 0.45C (bainite)
Cr
Grade
Condition A B A B A B A B when cracked specimens were subjected to 3N NaCl.
These data show that 0. 45C (bainite) at Fty = 213 ksl
Mo
Electric
resistivity
microhm- In 14.4 14.5 13 .12. 6 14.6 12.9 14.8 16.3
Is less susceptible to delayed falluro in disUlled water
and the salt solution than Is 0. 45C grade quenched and
v
See Table 2.013. tempered to Fty = 224 ksl. It also appears from the
same data that the salt solution can be more damafki"llg 9Ni-4Co
2.023 Magnetic properties. than the distilled water. One set of data (Figure 2. 032111
2.024 Emissivity. Indicates tho Influence of melting practice on the delayed
2.025 Damping capacity. failure of 0. 45C grade sheet in salt water depends on the
thickness. Thus, vacuum melted 0. 045 inch sheet Is
2.03 Chemical Properties superior to air melted sheet of the same thickness but no
(see also 3. 05). effect or melting practice is observed for 0. 16 inch
2.031 General. The general corrosion and oxidation resis- sheet.
tance of this alloy is superior to 4340; however, coat-
Ings are necessary to protec~ It from atmospheric
exposure. A considerable amount of stress corrosion
data hae been generated using cracked specimens to The effects of notch radius on the notch strength of 0, 45C
determine delayed failure characteristics and using grade sbr:et was modified only slightly by tho Influence of
smooth specimens In conventional stress corrosion distilled water and several other corrodants with the
tests. The variety of specimen types. exposure strength values betng reduced most by 1 percent H2S04
conditions and product forms used make it dUflcult to and 1 percent NnCL but not nt all by distilled water or
compare the behavior of the various grades of this 1 percent NaOII (see Figure 2. 03212).
alloy nnd to compare it with other high strength steels. 2. 0321 Delayed fallure of 0. 20C grade pinto in sea wntor,
While comparative statements are made, they should be Figure 2. 0321.
accepted with caution and for critical applications the 2.0322 Delayed allure of 0.20C grade plate tn sea water,
alloy should be evaluated by specially designed stress Figure 2. 0322.
corrosion tests which simulate the service environments 2.0323 Delayed failure of 0. 25C grade plato In air and sen water,
and stresses. Figure 2. 0323.
2. 0324 Delayed falluro of 0.25C and 0.45C grade plate and
The Influence of various fabrication variables such as 4340 plato l'l sea water, Figure 2.0324.
grinding, drilling, shot peening, elc. and protective 2.0325 Delayed failure of 0.25C grade sheet to salt solution and
coating have been studied by Turley, Avery, and in distilled water, Figure 2. 0325.
Sinclairo (33) and by Dreyer and Gallagher (21). The 2.0326 Delayed failure of 0. 45C grade forging in 200F distilled
Influence of polarization potential on tho delayed water, Figure 2. 0326.
failure time of canto~ cracked sheet spocimcns of 2. 0327 Effect of apparent stress Intensity ratio on time to all-
0.45C grade in 3N NaCl solution was Investigated by ure in 3.5 percent NaCl of 0.45C die and billet forgings,
Benjamin and Steigerwald (see Figure 2. 02310). Figure 2. 0327.
Falluro times were decreased by increasing tho 2. 0328 Effect of the applied stress Intensity factor on cra"k
applied potential but much more rapidly for ancdic growth rate in salt water for 0.45C plate. Figure 2.0328.
than for cathodic polarization. 2.0329 Delayed failure of 0. 45C grade sheet in martensltic nd
2.032 Cracked specimens. Cracked or sharply notched bninltic condition in 3N NaCl solution and in distilleci
specimens of this alloy exhibit delayed fallure when water, Figure 2. 0:129.
subjected to stress In the presence of distilled water 2.03210 Elfcct of polarization potential on d"layed failure t!rn: ol
or salt water solutions. Tho data from cracked 0.45C grade martensitic sheet In 3N NaCl solution.
specimens Is frequently reported in terms of tho Figure ~. 03210.
initial applied Kt value nnd that value below which Deiltyeil !~!lure In 3 percent NaCl solution of 0. 45C
failure !!! not obeorvoo for ,ery long nxpoAure times grade sheet melted by throa pr"aeticca, Figure 2. 03211.
Is designated as tho Ktscc v&uo. "Unfortunat61y, in 2.03212 Effect of stress concentration on the sensitivity of 0. 45C
mt'st cases the cracked specimens used In ptress sheet to several environments, Figure 2. 03212.
corrosion tests on this al!ny did not meet tlu: crack 2.033 Smooth specimens. The rosulL from stress corrosion
length and thickness requ) Mmonts necessary to Insure tests using smooth specimens are summarized In Tables
that a meaningful K1 value cnn be calculate<' (see 2.0331 and 2.0332. Tho results Indicate 0.46C grade
ASTM E399070T). Therefore, the majoritl' of the bnlnito has superior stress corrosion resistance to
representations used In this section show tho nominal quenched and tompored structures of this grade, and
stress plotted al!lllnst failure time tastoad of Ky versus appears to be no more susceptible to stress corrosion
falluro time. Where K1 values are shown, the scale In smooth tests than the 0.25C grade. Tests in tho short
stops just below tho upper limit established by tho transverfto direction (Table 2.0331) show very much
initial crack length nnd thickness. longer failure Urnes for 0.45C grade( quenched nnd tom-
pered)than !or 4340 tested under similar condition11.
It Is evident that plain water nnd salt solutions can Bulloch, el aL ,(59) report that tho stre3s corrosion
cause considerable loss In load carrying capacity tn resistance of 0. 45C grade balnltlc smooth speclmenR in
all grades of this alloy in tlma periods loss than 3 .. percent NaCIIs suporlor to DGaC at about the same
10"0 hou~s. In the case of plate, the susceptibU!ty to strength level (Fty = .220 ksi) but no better than 250
delayed fallurc appears to be more severe for the 0. 45C grade maraglng steel at a much higher strength love!
grade than for the lower carbon grades. One series (Fty = 250 ksi). The same authors report tho stress
of tests (Figure 2. 0~28) Indicates that tho delayed corrosion resistance of 0. 30C grade at F tv = 200 kat
failure of 0. 45C grade baln!Uc forgings In 3 1/2 percent Is supeno. to 4330V and 11-11 steels at a somewhat
NaCl solution could be encountered at Kr levels as low lower strength level. Overheating during forging sub-
as 20 ksl (ln)1/2. For the o. 20C grade one set of data stnntiall.Y reducas tho stress corrosion resllltanco (see
(Figure 2.0322) tndicatcs that the Kisco of c.c Inch plate Table 2. 0333).
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED= MARCH 1971
9 Ni Alloy
-
TABLE 0331
9Ni-4Co
4 Grade 0.45C
Co Source (20) (59) (33)
Cr Landing Gear 3 X 9 X 24in 6 in square Gin square
Forging (Q andT) Forging (bainite) Forging Q and T Forging (bainite)
Form
Mo Ftu = 280 ksi Ftu ~ 270 ksi Ftu ~ 275 ksi Flu= 255-265 ksi
Fty = 220 ksi Fty = 220 ksi Fty = 235 ksi Fty = 220-230 ksi
v Specimen 0.2 in dla 1/4x 1 in 1/8 x 1/2 in 1/8 x 1/2 in
Type ST, tension T, bend T, tension T,tension
9Ni-4Co Exposure O. 75Fty O.HU Fty 0.85 Fty 0.85 Fcy
Stress- ksi
5 percent NnCI 3.5 percent Synthetic sea b'yntnctic sea
Environment NnCI water water
pH 7.8-8.2 pH 7.8-8.2
5 min suit+ 8 min salt+ 10 min salt+ 10 min salt+
Exposure
15 min air 52 min air 50 min air 50 min air
Failures in Failures in Failures in No failures
Results
12 to 163 hr* 1000 to 1500 hr 20 to 177 hr in 1000 hr
Similar test on 4340 at the same stren !:th level failed In less than 30 minutes
3. 0111 AMS-AMD tenlaUvc specUled properties for 0. 20C
grade, Table 3. 0111.
2. 0332 Results of stress corrosion tests on o. 30C plate and
forgings and o. 25C plate using smooth specimens,
Table 2. 0332. TABLE 3 0111
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.20C Grade
TABLE 2 0332
(Alloy Source AMD 62CF (47)~ AMD 65CD (48)(b)
9NI-4Co
Form Bars, forgings and Sheet, f)trlp
Grade 0.30 c 0.25C
!SOurce (33) (59, pp. 91,92) tubilljt Wld plate
(21, p. 34)
Plate Q + T 1600-1700 F, 1 hr, AC + 1600-1700 1', 1 hr
3x9x24in Plate QT
Ftu = 220 to 240 ks forging Q + T 1510 to 1540 1 hr (min) AC + 1510 to 1540 F,
Form Ftu = 235 ksi Condition
Fty=210 ksi Q (a) + 990 to 1010 F, 1 hr (min) 0Q or WQ
Ftu = 230 ksi Fcy = 210 ksi
(2 + 2 hr) AC + 990 to 1010 F
Fcy = 195 ksi
12 + 2 hr) AC
jsl>ecimen 1/8 x 1/2 in 1/4x 1 in 1/4 in thick Thickness - in All <0.250 ""'0.250 ""'0.375
Typo T, tension T, bend Boeing U bend Ftu - min - ksl 190 190 190 19()
Exposure F -min-ks!
0. 85 Fcy 0.80 Fty 0. 80 Fty 175 180 180 180
stress- ksi c& In) min - percent 12 5 10 10
Environment Synthetic sea 3.5 percent 3.5 percent RA - min - percent 45 - - 45
water pH 7. 8-8.2 NaCI NaCI Charpy v - min -
Exposure 10 min salt+
50 min nir
8 min salt+
52 min ulr
8 min salt+
52 min nir
ft-lb
(a) Section <4 in 0'~ or WQ
40 - -
(b) Fracture ~oughness may be
-
Results No failures failures in No fniiuros 2:41n OQ specified With method and testing
in 1000 hrs 1000 to 1500 hrs in 1000 hrs to be agreed upon by producer
!!lid vendor.
TABLE 2 0333
Source (20)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
0.45C Grado (0.38C), CVM (C, doox) TABLE 3 0112
Environment 5 percent NaCI 5 min + air 15 min, Alloy 9NI-4Co
Alternate Immersion Grade 0. 25C {Ill_ 0.45C
Condition 1450F, 1 hr, OQ > 400F, 1 hr + 2 hr Form Forgings, Tubing and Bars, Forgings
-ll2F, + 400F, 2 + 2 hr (Ftu = 280 ksl) lUng~~_ and Tubing
Form Main Landlng uear t'Orglllg Sou reo AMS 6540A (49)
t'orge normal t'orgo overheat AMS 6541A (50)
Appllcd stress - ksl AMS 6546A (85)
0.67 Ftu 0.67 Ftu 1525 to 1575 F 1 hr (min) 1450 to 1500 F, lbr Q to
Specimen typo 0. 2 In dla round 0. 2 in dla round Condition Q (a)+ 1050 F (max) 4 hr 455 to 475F AC + 455 to
Number fallcd 4 4 AC 475F 2 hr AC
Range of time to (allure - hr 23-130 3-25 Ftu - min - ksl 185 260
Fcy - min - ksi 175 220
e (2 in) min-
percent 13 7
RA- min-
percent 50 20
round spec)
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (a) Section <4 In OQ or WQ (b) Fracture toughness may be
;a41n OQ specified with standards to
3.01 Specified Mechanicnl Properties be agreed upon by producer
3. 011 SAE-AMS Specifications. nnd vcndo
COD!" 1??1
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
AMS specified properties for 0. 25C grade sheet, strip, 3. 0123 Producers typical properties Cor 0. 25C grade quenched
3.0113
and plate: and AMS-AMD specified properties for 0. 30C and tempered bar and forgings, Table 3.0123. Fe
grade sheet, strip, and plate, Table 3. 0113.
9 Ni
TABLE 3 0123
(16)(17)
4 Co
TABLE 3 0113 Source
9NI-4Co Alloy 9Ni-4Co Cr
Alloy
0.25C (a) I 0.30C (a) Grade 0. 25C, CVM C, dcox
Grade
Form Sheet Strl and Plate Form 2 in bar to 12 in square fontini!B Mo
Condition 1500 or 1550 F, 1 hr, OQ + 1000 F,
Source
AMS 6545A (51)
AMS 6546A (83) AMD 65CE (84) 2 +~I
T
v
1525 to 1575 F, 1 hr (min) 1535 to 1565F, 1 hr Direction L
(min) OQ or WQ + Ftu- ksi 195 195
OQ or WQ + 1050 F (max)
Condition 2 hr (min) AC 990 to 1010F (2 + Fty- ksi 185 185 9Ni-4Co
2 hr) AC e(1 in) - percent 16 16
RA- percent 65 55
0.020 >0.060 >0.100
to to to p0.187 <0.250 ~0.250 Cbarpy V - ftlb
Thickness - ir, 40
0.060 0.100 0.187 RT 40
185 185 200 220 -65F 35 35
Ftu - min - ksi 185 185
175 175 175 175 185 190
Fty - min - ksi
5 8 10 13 6 10
c(2 in) - min - ksl
RA - min - percent 50 50 50 50 - 35
(round specs)
(a) Sec Table 3.0112 for fracture toughness note.
3.0124 Producers typical properties for 0. 30C grade quenched
and tempered and isothermal ly transforme d plate and
forgings, Table 3. 0124.
TABLE 3 0124
Source (19)
3. 012 Producers typical properties . Alloy 9Nl-4Co
3. 0121 Producers guaranteed minimum mechanica l properties Grade 0.30C, CVM (C, deox)
for 0.20C grade plate and billet, Table 3.0121. Condition 1525F, 30 min, Q (as ind) + 1000F, 2 + 2 hr, T
Quench Oil +2 hr-llOF Oil
Form Plate Forging Plate
1to2in 5 in sq lto2ln
' TABLE 3 0121 230
Ftu- ksl 230 230
Source (57, p. 1A)
Fty- ksl 210 205 195
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
c(1 in) - percent 16 15 16
Grade 0.20C, CVM (C, deox) 60
RA- percent 60 55
Condlllon 1600F, 1 hr (min), AC + 1500F, 1 hr
, (min) W~_+ 1025F l2+2 hr) min AC Charpy v- ft lb
mllet RT 28 30 -
Form
Thickness - In <2
T:ato
2to4 <25 sa in -40F - 25 -
Ftu - min, ksl l,95 195 195
Ft -min, k1\ 180 175 180
c {4D)
min, I' recut 14 14 14
55
RA - min, percent 55 55
3. 0125 Producers typical properties for 0. 45C grade quenched
Charpy '' at OF and tempered and Isothermal ly transforme d forgings,
40 50
~!'___ 45
Table 3.0125.
A\'f.ll':ll!f' vnlu"s minimum indlvldunl results 5 ftlbs
(maximui'T.') bolo''' ,!_lVCragc.
TABLE 3 0125
Source (2) (8)(25)(26)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
Grade U,45 rade I'M 1C-:<Ioox
Form 1 1/2 x 5 to 12 in dla forgings
Tempered martensite 1450- Balnlte 1450-
1500F, OQ + 2 br -100F + 1500F, SQ,
3.0122 Producers typical properties for 0. 25C grade quenched Condition
480F, 6 hr,
temper 2 + 2 hr at
s..nd tempered plate, Table 3, 0122. AC
400F 500F
Direction L T L T L T
TABLE 3 0122 Ftu- ksl 295 295 280 280 270 270
{17) Ft - ksl 250 250 245 245 230 230
Source
9Ni-4Co e(r in) - percent 9 6 10 8 10 10
Alloy
Grade 0.25C CVM C dcox RA- percent 40 20 50 35 55 45
Form 1/2 to 2 1/2 Inch plate (b) Charpy v - t lb
Condition 1500F or 1550F, 1 hr, OQ + 1000k', 2 + 2 hr RT - 20 -- 20 -- 20
Avcragc(a) :;tanaard dcv:laUon
5.0
-65F - - - 20
Ftu- ksl 203
Fty- ksl 191 6.4
c(1 In) - percent 14 1.5
RA- percent 57 5.0 3.02 Mechanica l Properties at Room Temperatu re
Typic a 3.021 Tension.
Charpy V rt-lb (a) L and T for 41 observatio ns 3.0211 Stress-stra in diagrams.
RT L 50 (b) Product of 9 heats 3.02111 Stress-stra in curves for reheat treated 1 Inch thick
T 35 plate, Figure 3.02111.
-65 L 43 3.02112 Stress-stra in curve for 0.45C grade sheet tempered at
T 32 400F, Figure 3. 02112.
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS FitVISED MARCH 1971
3.02119 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties 3.02711 Sharp notch strength of 0. 25C grade 3 Inch plate melted
of 0.30C grade forgings, Figure 3.02119. by different practices, Table 3. 02711.
3.02120 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of
0. 30C plate heat treated using dUfcrcnt quench proce- TABLE 3 02711
dures, Figure 3. 02120. Source (13)
3.02121 Effect of transformation temperature on the tensile Alloy 9Nl-4Co
properties of bainite forgings from nine heats of 0. 45C Grade 0.25C Grade
grade, Figure 3. 02121. Form 3 In Plate
3. 02122 Effect of tempering temperature on the tensile proper- Condition 1450f', 1 hr, OQ + 2 hr -110~' +
tics of 0.45C landing gear forgings, forged at normal 425F 2 + 2 hr
and excessive temperatures. Figure 3. 02122. Melt Practice Killed Air Killed Air CVJ\1
3. 02123 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties + CVJ\1 ltc dcox\
of 0. 45C grade plate Isothermally transformed at Direction L T L T L T
several temperatures, Figure 3. 02123. Fty- ksl 184 183 184 184 180 180
3. 02124 Effect of tcmpcl'ing temperature on the tensile proper- Crack strength - ksl 90 90 132 123 189 175
'""""'. . IDE
tics of 0.45C grade sheet, Figure 3.02124. Crack strcn!l!:h 0.5 0.5 0.72 0.67 1.05 0.97
3. 02125 Effect of lsotherm:Ll transformation temperature on Ftv
tenslle properties of 0.45C grade bainite sheet, Figure
3.02125. Fatigue Cracked Roundl
3. 02126 Effect of tr:msformation temperature on !ensile 3.0 2.3
properties of bainite sheet and plate from three 0.45C _L_!
grade heats, Figure 3. 02126.
3. 02127 EITcct of prctcmper temperature on the tensile proper-
tics of strain tempered martensite for 0.45C grade
strip, l"ibrure 3. 02127.
3. 02128 Tensile properties of strain tempered martcnsltes and 3. 02712 Crack strength of surface cracked specimens from
balnltcs as a function of strain for 0.45C grade strip, plate and forgings of 0. 25C grade, T:wlc 3. 02712.
Figure 3.02128.
3. 02129 Effect of tempering temperature on tensllc properties
of ausformcd 0.45C grade, Figure 3. 02129. TABLE 3 02712
3.022 Compression. Source 8)
3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams (soc 3. 0321). Alloy 9NI-4Co
3. 0222 Effect of tempering temperature on the compressive Grade 0.25C Grode CVM C, dcox)
yield strength of 0. 25C plate, Figure 3. 0222. Condition 1550F,1 hr, 0Q +975F, 2+2hr, AC
3. 0223 Effect of quench media and tempering temperature on + 950F 2 + 2 hr AC
the compressive yield strength of 0.25C plate, Figure 4 In x 13 In forging o. 80 In plate
Form
3. 0223. Fty =188 ksl Fty =183 ksi
3.023 Impact (sec also Table 3. 0219).
'l'hlckness, B-In 1.0 0.80
3. 0231 Effect of tempering tomp~raturc on lmpa.~t utrcngth of
Crack depth, a - In 0.390 0.320
0. 20C grade plate, Figure .1. 0~31.
al!zJZ- In 0.260 0.228
3. 0232 Effect of plate thlckno!ss on Impact strength of 0. 20C
Crack strength - ksl 178 118
grade plate from aJc heat, I lgurc 3.0232.
Effect of tempering tcmpcro1ure on the Impact strength
3. 0233 t-1 1/4..-j i
3.0234
of 0. 25C grade plate from four hcate, Figure 3. 0233,
Effect of tempering lcmpernturr: on the Impact strength
of 0.25C grade forgin;ts from six heats, Figure 3.0234. I
~a
---.- II
3.0235 Effect of tcmperlng tHulP'Hoture on Impact utrcngth of I _I
4
plate from several C. H:~; lo!rnle beats, l'l!;llrc 3.0235. Surface Cracked gpcclmcn, RT direction
3. 0236 Effect of strength level cd on.;:a~t strength of 0. 45C
plate and forb'ings quenched and tempered and Iso-
thermally transformed, !~[{t:rc 3. 0236.
3. 0237 Effect of transformation temperature on Impact &trcngth
of bainite plate and forgingE. h-om six 0.45C grade heats,
Figure 3. 0237.
3.024 Bending. 3. 02713 Effect of crack size on strength of 0. 45C grade forging,
3.025 Torsion and shear (sco 3. C35). Fib'llrc 3.02713.
3.026 Bearing (sec 3. 036). 3. 02714 Effect of tempering temperature on the crack strength
3.027 Stress concentration. of 0.45C b'Tadc sheet from several melting practices,
3. 0271 Notch properties (sec also 3. 0371). Figure 3. 02714.
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MA:~CH 1971
Fe
3. 02715 Crack strengt h of 0.45C grade sheet melted
practic es, Table 3. 02715.
by dlffere nt u
TABLE 3 02715
9 Ni Source
(13)
Alloy
4 Co Grado
9NI-4C o
Form 0.45C Grade
Cr COndiUon
Sheet
1425F, 1 hr, 0Q + 425F, 2 + 2 hr
Melt pracUc e Killed air + ladle degas
Mo Killed air .,. CVM CVM (C, deox)
'Thickn ess - In 0.045 0.160 0.045 0.160 0.045
v OlrecUon 0.160
Fty- ksl
Crack strengt h - ksl
L I T
237
JU3
I166
L L T
232 238 1238
75 77
L I T
234 1235
217 184
L I T
241
7:1
I
~41
77
L I T
228 1237
185 199
L I T
2341 238
9Ni- 4Co 80 78
H-.- i _j_
l...,l.O
~{
ature
L .25:11J-0 .060- 0.07G exposu re on tensile proper ties of 0.45C grade
forging s,
10.21-0 Figure 3. 0317.
T 3.0318 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper
ties of 0. 45C
grade fol'boings with bainiti c heat treatm ent, '-~..I
Surface Crack Specim en Figure
3. 0318.
3.0271 7 Crack strengt h of 0. 45C sheet melted by differe 3. 0319 Effect of test temper aturo nnd elevate d temper
nt ature
practlc eF and heat treated to temper ed marten exposu re on tensile proper tllls of 0. 45C grade
site and plate
bainite , Table 3. 02717. from 300 lb heat, Figure 3. 0319.
TABLE 3 02717
Source
Alloy (12)
Grade 9Ni-4CO
Form 0.45C Grade
0.1 to 0.150 in sheet, T
Molt l>ractlc e IGlled Air + CVM
CondJUon CVM (C, deox)
Marten site (a) BainJte (b) Marten site (a)
Tempe r or SQ, F 400 BainJte (b)
450 700 450 475 500 400 450
Ftu- ksi 700 450 475 500
288 279 233 270 271 262 287
Fty- ksi 270 229 265 272 259
251 240 214 212 229 217 240
Cracl: strengt h - ks! 233 214 218 231 216
72 74 84 108 116 112 83
Crack streng! h 85 147 170 162 160
Ftv 0.29 0.31 11.40 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.35 0.37 0.69 0.78 o. 70
(a) 1475F, 1 hr OQ +temp er 2 + 2 hr. 0.74
(b) 1475F, 1 hr SQ 8 hr, AC.
HJEL~
Center Crack Tensio n
CODE 1221
REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
thick 0. 20C grade plate, Figure 3. 0331. 3.035 Torsion and shear.
3. 0332 EC!ect of test temperature and specimen location on
impact strength of 0. 25C grade 4 inch thiok plate,
3.0351 Effect of test temperature on the shear strength of
0.30C grade forgings, Figure 3.0351.
Fe
Figure 3. 0332. 3. 0352 Effect of test ternperatu:e on the shear strength of 9 Ni
3. 0333 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of 0. 20C 0. 45C grade forgings with balnitic heat treatment,
grade 2 inch plsto quenched in various media, Figure Figure 3. 0352o 4 Co
3. 0333. 3.036 Bearing.
3.0334 Impact strength at various temperatures for 0. 20C grade 3. 0361 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength of Oo 30C Cr
one inch plate quenched and tempered with and without grade forgings, Figure 3. 0361.
prior normalizing, Table 3. 0334. 3.0362 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength of 0. 45C Mo
3.037
grade forgings, Figure 3. 0362.
Stress conaentration. v
3. 0371 Notch properties.
TABLE 3 0334 3. 03711 Effect of test temperature on the notch properties or
Source (57, p. 3) 0. 25C grade sheet, Figure 3. 03711.
9Ni-4Co
Alloy 9Ni-4Co 3.03712 EC!cct of tempering temperature on the crack strength
Grade 0.20C, CVM (C, dCOK) of 0. 38C forging at room and low temperatures o Figure
Form CVM (C, decK) 1 in Plate 3. 03712.
1700F, 1 hr, AC 1500F, 1 hr, WQ 3. 03713 Effect of test temperature and elevated temperature
Condition + 1500F, 1 hr, WQ + lOOOF, 2 + 2 hr exposure on the crack strength of Oo 45C grade
.,. 1000F, 2 + 2 hr forgtngs, Figure 3. 03713 0
using different quench procedures, Figure 3o 03312. 3.053 Fatigue crack growth rate of 0. 25C grade plate In air
3.03313 Effect of test temperature on the impact strength of and sen water, Figure 3.053.
Oo45C grade plate from two heats, Figure 3o03313.
J.034 Drop weight o
3. 0341 Effect of temperature on dynamic tear test energy of
Oo20C grade cross rolled plate, Figure 3.0341.
3.0342 Dynamic tear test energy at 30F for 0. 25C grade plate
from several heats, Table 3 0342.
0
TABLE 3 0342
Source {61, p, 7)(66)(68)
IAlloy 9Ni-4Co
Grade Oo25C Grade, CVM (C, dcox)
Form linch plate 2 Inch pate
1600F, 1 hr, AC+ 1600F, 1 hr, AC + lGOOF, 1 hr, AC + 1600F, 1 hr, AC +
lSOOF, 1 hr, WQ+ 1500F, 1 hr, WQ+ 1500 F, 1 hr, WQ 1500F, 1 hr, \\Q
Condition 1000 F {2+2 hr) 1000 F {2+2 hr) + + 1000 F (2+2 hr) + 1000F {2 + 2 hr)
llOOF (2 + 2 hr) + llOOF {2+2 hr) + 1500F, 1 hr, OQ
1000F {1 + 1 hr)
RT Ftv- ksi 180 169 176 186
1DT Energy- 1t IDS l~. 1692 2021> . 211>: 1280
at 30F and 1996 and 2186
WR direction (3 heats) (2 heats) ( 1 heat) (1 heat)
For specimen, see Figure 3. 0341.
I L-1\1\VV...J 1"'"\L-L..V I 'J l'<t. VJ:::it.IJ MARCH 1971
3.054 Rotating beam fatigue strength of 0. 25C grade 1 inch 3.059 Smooth and note!' fatigue strength of 0.30C grade
Fe plate. Table 3. 054. forgings, Table 3. 059.
9 Ni
4 Co
Cr TABLE 3.054
Source (75, Fig. lG)
Mo Alloy 9N!-4Co
v Grade
Form
0.25C Grade, CVM (C, deox)
1 in plate Source
TABLE 3 059
(59, p. 80 and 137)
Condition 1700F, 1 hr, AC + 1525F, I hr OQ + lOOOF Alloy 9NI-4Co
(2 + 2 hr) AC (Ftu = 235 ksi) Grade 0,30C Grade, CVl\1 C, dcox)
9Ni-4Co Fonn
Stress Ratio Stress Fntigue Strength - ksi 3 x 9 x 24 inch forging (3 heats)
Method Conccntr-.1- at cycles Condition 1650F, 1 hr, AC + 1550F 1 hr + 2 hr -100F + 950F (2+2 hr)
A R lion Jo5 I 106 I 101 I 108 (r'ty = 191 to 205 ksi)
Rotating Beam <D -1 Smooth Stress Ratio Stress Fatigue strength - ksi at cycles
Kt = 1 (140)"1125 1122 1122 Metho<l A R Cone 30x103 J04 JOfi 106 J07
* Extrapolated value. Flexure Flat spec
'!' ,ij9 .06 with hole -
120 70 60 60
Kt = 2.5
cynnnrr-
cal spec
.43 .40 Kt= 3 1GO 120 70 62 62
.89 ,06 130 85 60 55 55
TABLE 3 058
Source (75, Figs 8 and 10)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
Grade 0.2SC Grade
Form 1/4 Inch plate
Condition !GOOF, 1 hr ACt 1525 F, 1 hr 0Q + 1025F (2 + 2 hr) AC Ftu "'200 ksl
Stress ralio Stress RT 500 and 700 F
Method A R D!roclion Concentration Fati~rue strcnEih- ksi at cvclcs
103 104 lOS 106 107
Axial Load 0.82 0.1 Transverse Smooth
Kt = 1 215 195 155 145 145
Notched
Kt = 3 180 95 GO 55 55
Strength at these temperatures identical within limits of scatter.
TABLE 3 0510
Source (20)
Alloy 9Nl-1Co
Grado (0. 45Grade, CVI\1 (C, <!cox)
Form Landing gear forging (0.37-0,39C)
t:ondltion 1450F, 1 hr, OQ + 400F, 1 hr + 2 hr -112F + 450F,
2 h~ IFtn = 268 ksl)
Stress Ratio Stress Fatigue strength - ksl
Method Cone Direction at cycles
A R 104 I 1os 106 107
Axial load 0.8 0.1 Smooth
Kt=l
L
T
-! 200 160
- 1 180 135
135
130 )
Notch L 160 1120 95 90 \
Kt=2 T 160 95 80 78
CODE 1221
3.0511 Smooth and notch fatigue strength of quenched and
tempered and Isothermally transformed 0. 45C plate Fe
and forging, Table 3.0511.
TABLE3 0511 9 Ni
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.45C Grade, CVM (C, deox) 4 Co
Stress ratio Stress Fatigue strengtll - ksl at cycles
Form Condition Method A R Concentration 104 105 106 107 Cr
lin plate Tempered martensite Rotating Smooth
T 1475F, 1 hr 0Q + 500F, Beam CD -1 Kt = 1 - 150 120 90 Mo
(23) 2 + 2 hr Ftu = 265 ksl Notched
~-=3 95 60 50 50
v
Bainite
1475.~, 1 hr, Salt Q 9Ni-4Co
47.5 F, 6 hr Flu ~ 264ksl Rotating (D -1 Smooth
Beam Kt. =1 - 150 120 90
Notched
K, = 3 95 60 50 50
41nx91n Balnlte
Forging 1500F, 1 hr Salt Q Axial 0.8 0.1 Notched
T 475F, 8 hr, AC Load "t =3 120 95 90 90
(24) Ftu = 265 ksl
41nx91n Balnlte
Forging 1450F, 1 hr Salt Q Rotating CD -1 Smooth
T 475F 8 hr, AC Beam Kt =1 - - 1~0 105
(75) Ftu = 269 ksl
TABLE 3 0512
Source _159, pp. 81 and 83)
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.45C, CVM (C, deox)
Form 3 x 9 x 24 In Forging and Die Forging
3. 0512 Notch fatigue strength for forged billet and die forging
J. Condition 1600F, 1 hr AC + 1500F, 1 hr SQ 465F, 6 hr AC
of 0.45C grade bainite, Table 3.0512.
!
i
Method Stress
Ratio
(Fty = 217 and 220 ksl)
Stress
Concentration
Fatigue strength-ksl at cycles
f
r. A R 3 X 103 104 105 106 107
~ Flexure .89 .06 Flat Specimen
Avg L with hole
t. and ST Kt = 2.5 160 120 70 65 65
I' Cylindrical
t specimen
.40 Kt=3 160 120 80 70 65
t1
.06 130 95 60 55
Data Is average for forged billet and die forging each from
55
! Source
TABLE 3 0513
(27)
f Alloy 9NI-4Co
i Form
Method
6 x 6 in forgings CVM (C, dcox) 0. 45C grade
Axial Load
f.I. Condition
stress Stress
Concen- Direction
Fatigue strength - ksl at cycles
Ratio 104 105 106 107
R tration
Heat A (0. 41C)
1500F, 1 hr, 0Q + 2 hr -llOF
-+0. 2 ~=1 L
T
-
-
185
148
178
135
178
130
+450F, 2 + 2 hr, Ftu = 283 ksl -1 L
T
-- 130
120
128
110
115
105
-+0. 2 Kt =3 L
T
-- 70
70
65
65
65
65
-1 L 70 50 45 40
T 70 50 15 40
Heat B (0. 44C) -+0.2 Kt =1 L
T
225
225
200
200
180
180
--
1500F, 1 hr, OQ + 2 hr -llOF
+,400F, 2 + 2 hr, Ftu =301 kal -1 L - 145 120 100
T - 145 120 100
-+0.2 Kt. =3 L 105 80 75 70
T 105 70 60 50
-1 L 70 50 45 40
T 70 50 45 40
Heat! 1500F, 1 hr, SQ 480F, -+0. 2 Kt = 1 T 200 175 160 155
G hr, Ftu = 248 ksl Kt =3 T 140 90 90 90
Heat K 1500F, 1 hr, SQ 480F, -+0. 2 Kt a 1 T 210 145 130 130
=
6 hr, Ftu 258 ksl Kt = 3 T 120 65 60 ~0
CODE 1221
I 1971, Belfour Stulen, inc.
PAGE II
3. 0514 Smooth and notch fatigue strength of 0 .45C grade L
Fe bainitic plate, Table 3. 0514.
TABLE 3 0514
9 Ni Source (76, IV 29 and 31) (75, Fig. 48)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
4 Co Grade 0.45C, CVM (C, deox)
Form Plate
Cr Condition Bainite, 1600F, 1 hr, AC + 1475F 1 br SQ 475F, 7 br, AC; Ftu = 270 ksi
Stress ratio Stress RT 300F and 500F
Mo Method A R Direction Concentration Fatigue strength - ksi at cycles
v 103 104 105 106 107
Axial load 0.82 !!.1 Transverse Smooth
9Ni-4Co Kt = 1 - 210 125 115 115
Notched
Kt = 3 190 100 60 50 50
3.0515 Smooth and notch fatigue strength of 0.45C grade plate,
Table 3. 0515.
TABLE 3 0515 the above references and the reader should :-efer to
Source (75, Figs. 34, 35, 36, and 38) these and to the alloy producer for informatf.on concern-
Alloy 9Ni-4Co Ing a particular forming problem. In general, hot
Grade 0.45C Grade, CVM C, deox working will be somewhat more difficult than 4340 due
Form 1/2 irtch plate to the high Co content. The absence of aluminum in
Method Rotating Beam R =-1 Smooth Kt =1 carbon deoxidized material will result In rapid grain
Condition Heat Ftu Direction Estimated Endur- growth at temperatures above about 2050F.
ksi ance Llmit-ksi 4. 012 Sheet. Variations In sheet bar rolling temperature be-
1600F, 1 hr AC + 1450F tween 1850 and 2050F and variation in sheet rolling
1 hr OQ + 600 F (2 + 2 hr) A 237 T 120 temperature between 1400 and 1600F produced no signi-
L 105 ficant difference In the tensile properties or fracture
B 245 T 100 toughness (net strength of three Inch wide, 0.160 inch
1600F, 1 hr AC + 1450F thick specimens with one Inch center fatigue cracks of
1 hr OQ + 400F (2 + 2 hr) A 288 L - 0. 45C carbon grade sheet, oil quenched and tempered nt
T 110 400F to Ftu = 280 to 290 and Fty = 235 to 245 ksl). Pro-
B 280 T 100 ducer recommends 1850F for sheet bar and 1500F for
sheet rolling (12). lnslgniCicant dlfCerences In trans-
3.06 Elastic properties. verse and longitudinal tensile properties and fracture
3.061 Poisson's ratio."( = 0.299 (dynamic at room tempera- toughness (sec above) of 0. 45C grade were observed for
ture). sheet rolled straight away. Cross rolling to transverse
3.062 Modulus or elasticity. reductions up to 50 percent produced essentially no
3.0621 Effect of tempering temperature on modulus of elnsti- change in either the longitudinal or transverse proper-
city, Figure 3. 0621. ties, ns compared with the straight rolled product.
3.06~2 Effect of temperature on Young's Modulus (dynamic), 4.013 Pinto. Variations in pinto rolling temperature between
Figure 3. 0622. 1850 and 2050F fer 0. 25C grade produced no significant
3.0623 Precision tensile modull at room temperature (accord- difference In wnsile properties or fracture toughnOHS or
Ing to ASTM E-111), Table 3.0623. 3/8 inch plate (11).
TABLE 3 0623 4.014 Forging. Forging reductions between 25 and 75 percent
Source (59, p. 124) .had no signlflcant effect on tens!lo properties or -65F
Alloy 9Nl-4Co Charpy-V Impact strength or 0.25C or 0.45C grades.
Grade o.3oc, CVM (C, deox) 0.45C, CVM (C, d~'<>X) Forging preheat temperatures should not exceed 2050F.
~orm ~ x u x ~" n org~'<l uu1 et Excessive preheat temperatures produce exces13lve
1650F, 1 hr AC + 1550F, 1650F, 1 hr AC + 1500F, grain growth In C deoxidized matorinl and reduced
Condition 1hr0Q+2hr-100F+ 1 hr SQ 465F, 6 hr AC mechanical properties (sec Figure 3. 02122).
950F (2 + 2 hr)
Direction L T L T Finish forging temperatures above 1950F resulted In
Stress 25 75 26.8 80.2 24.1 72.3 25.6 76.7 lowered reduction of area values In CVM melted 0. 45C
Interval -ksi to to to to to to to to grade. Air melted material exhibited continuously de-
123.1 123 131.6 131.6 118.6 118.6 128.5 125.8 creasing reduction of area values ns the finish forging
E- 1000 ksl temperature Increased between 1750 and 2000F (11).
Chord Modu- 28.06 27.71 28.48 28.08 28.13 28.01 28.16 27.66 Prod1cer recommends 75 percent reduction minimum
Ius and 1900 to 1950F maximum finish lor 0.25 and 0.45C
CVM (C, deox) gra.ies (11).
3.0624 Effect of temperature on modulus of elasticity in tension 4. 0141 Effect or flnl-..b forging temperature on tPnslle proper-
and compression for 0.30C grade forgings, Figure ties or 0. 25C gr.>-:1\e forgings, melted by different
3.0624.. practices. Flgu? , ('\41.
3.063 Modulus or rigidity, 10,900 ksi (dynamic). 4. 0142 Effect of forging r>;,~.ction on -65F transverse impact
strength or tempered m(lrtenslte and bainite or o. 45C
grndo, melted by different pr:lf.tlces, Figure 4.0142.
4. FABillCATION 4. 0143 Effect of forging temperature ort '!.ensile proper-
ties of 0.45C grade forgings, rnelted by different prac-
4.01 ~mab!Uty tices, Figure 4. 0143.
4.011 General. A considerable amount of data concerning the 4. 0144 Effect of forging reduction on trnn11ver~o !mpact strength
influence of hot working conditions on the mechanical of 0. 25C forgings melted by different practices, Figure
properties of plate and forgings is available In Republic 4. 0144.
Steel Cnrporation reports originating from Air Force
Contract AF 33(657)11277 (see references 1,2,11.12, 4.02 Machining and Grinding
and 13). This information is summarized In reference 4.021 General. Similar to 4340. Machinability l.l!lta center
86. This section can only briefly discuss the large may have more extensive data.
amount of information on for:nnblllty that Is available In 4.03 Welding
CODE 1221
II' 1971. Belfour Stulen. Inc.
General. All grades arc weldable and on the basis of Welds In 0. 090 !ncb thick sheet made with energy
4. 031
Information available the cold wl~e GTA process with inputs of about 12 1-.llojoulcs per Inch per pass at 10 to Fe
argon shielding Is preferred. Care should be taken to 15 Inches per minute gave slight porosity but 100 per-
keep oxide away from the weld area and adjacent sur- cent tensile strength joint efficiency (38). The 9 Ni
faces by suitable lnlerpass cleaning methods, because fracture toughness data for these sheet welds obtained
the carbon deoxidized parent metal has Insufficient Si to using center cracked specimens Is difficult to Interpret 4 Co
block carbon oxidallon and consequent weld porosity. but does not Indicate any significant cmbritllemenl In
High heat input welding processes should be avoided either the weld metal or the HA Z. Cr
since they can result in low tensile strength welds having Mo
reduced toughness as well as an Increased tendency to
porosity and cracking. Normal precautions should be
taken to avoid hydrogen embrllllemenl . Post weld
v _,
L __
stress relief requires the use of special composlllon 4.034 0. 25C grade GMA and other processes. Only limltec.'
filler wire to avoid weld metal embrilllement . Specific data Is available on proceHses other than GTA "-'''" ~11 9Ni-4Co
welding Information Is given below under the various of them require uddlllonal Investigation to establish
alloy grades. It will be noted that the bulk of this Infor- proper welding parameters. GM.. welds In plate show
mation applies to the low carbon grades. considerable more porosity thar. GTA welds arc are more
prone to cracking (44). 1mprovcments In soundness may
be obtained with Tl or AI modified filler wire: however.
the weld metal exhibits rather low reduction of Oll'-:>a
4.032 0.20 and1l.25C grade GTA plate welds. A range of GTA values In a tensile test and a tensile strength joint effi-
weld wire compositions have been used to produce ciency less than 95 percent (38).
successful cold wire GTA welds In heal treated plates of
the two low carbon grades. Some of these compositions There are good Indications that sound single pass elec-
arc listed In Table 4. 038. All of them produced weld tron beam welds can be made on one Inch plate. llowcveJ:
metal free from porosity and with tensile yield strengths
this welding method apparently offers uo advantage over
about equal to the heal treated parent metal plate 11ou to
190 ksl). However. the toughness of the weld metal the GTA process. Two pass electron beam welds were
Increased with a decrease In c:trbcn content of the filler not successful because of porosity nt high welding speeds
metal. The alley producer recommends the following and cold shuts at low welding speeds (36). Preliminary
filler wire composition for welds not requiring stress attempts at plasma arc welding of plate were unsuccess-
relief: 0.14-0.20C, 0.4f.-1.0Mo, 0.20-0,40SI, ful (36).
0.40-0. 75Mn, 7.25-10. OON! and 0.40-1. OCr with
other elements within the parent metal composition
range (81). If stress relief Is required, the special
wire compnslllon given In Table 4. 039 Is recommended
to avoid weld metal embrltllement . Welds produced by
the cold wire GTA proce8s using these recommended
fillers wlil give weld metal yield strengths In excess of 4.035 0. 30 and 0. 45C grades. These are normally used In
180 ks! and Charpy-V impact values essentially equal forgings where welding Is not an Important design con-
to the heallrualed parent metal (1'. g. compare Table sideration. Like 4340, they should be wcidcd In the
4.039 with Table 3.0218 and wit" Figure 3.0335 and annealed or the normalized condition using a preheat of
Table 4.0310 with Table 3.0122 .. :nd with Figures 400 to 500F and completely reheat treated after welding.
3.0333 and 3.03310). No preheat l.lr post heat is There Is only a small amount of data relating to the
recommended and the maximum lntcrpass temperature welding of these grades. It has been reported that 0.45C
should be 200 F. With the cold wire GTA process the grade sheet or plate GTA welded using wire of the parent
tensile and Impact properties of 0. 25C grade 2.1/4 Inch metal com;.o:-slllon has a tcnoile strength joint efficiency
plate welds were independent of heal Input between 30 of 95 percent or better (23) (31).
and 70 kilojoules per inch(43). However, hot wire GTA
welds In 0. 20C grade plate were reported to have
relatively low strength and (!harpy Impact values (see
Table i.0311).
4.033 0.25C grade GTA light plate and sheet welds. Welds 4.037 Weld metal stress corrosion. Plate wcldments exhibit
made In 1/4 Inch plate using essentially the same weld- delayed allure when fatigue cracked (at weld center)
Ing techniques described In 4, 032 and the filler D shown and subjected to sea water (sec Figures 4. 0315 and
In Table 4. 038 Indicated that water cooled chill bars 4.0316). As might be expected for steels of this class,
arc necessary to obtain 95 percent tensile strength joint substantial loss In strength Is observed and the weld
, ~
efficiency (38). Fracture toughness tests using surface metal is more susceptible than the parent plate (e.g.
"'1 cracked specimens indicate the crack strength of the compare Figure 4. 0316 with Figure 2.0323). The
~....... weld metal In these 1/4 !ncb plates was below that of available data Is not considered surnclent to establish
the parent metal (38). a KJscc value.
CODE 1221
l 1971, Belfour Stu! en, Inc. 1'2
4.038 Filler wire composition~ used In GTA welds of the low
Fe carbon grades by various Investigators, Table 4. 038.
9 Ni TABLE4 038
Alloy 9NI-4Co
4 Co Grade 0.25C unless oth.,,wise Indicated
Form Filler Source Wire Composition (a)
Cr 11nnnd21n A (57) c Mn Sl Mo Cr Nl Co v
plate (81){b) .16 .7!J .23 .93 .45 7.3 3.3 .09
Mo 1 In plate B (43) .17 .74 .35 .96 .55 7.25 3.25 .09
v 3/4in plate
-
---
(big TIG) (40) .24 .48 .31 .52 .so -
3/4 and 1 In plate 144i .23 .39 .28 1.0 1.81 - -
9Ni-4Co 1L2in plate
1/4and 0.090 In
c 74 .22 .30 .26 1.02 .99 - -
sheet D (38) .26 .40 .23 .52 .55 -
(a) ElcmcnLB not specified are within parent motu! composition limits (I. 04).
- -
{b) 0.20C Grade.
TABLE 4 0311
!Source (73, Tables 3 and B, Fig. 1)
TABLE 4 039 'llloy 9NI-4Co
Source (83, Fig. 8 and Fig. 17) Grade 0. 20C Grade, CVM C, decx
Form 1 In plate Form Plate
Weld GTA U groove 300-350 amp, 10-12V 200F max lntcrpass Con dillon 1650 F 1 hr/ln WQ + 1550 F 1 hr/ln WQ + 1000 F
Sec Table 4. 038 .15C, .41Mn, .20SI, .008P (2+2br WQ
Filler Filler A .OOSS, 10.10Ni, 3.7Co, Hot wire
Composition .003P and .0058 1.04Cr, .47Mo and .07V GTAWdd~ Cold wire 200 amps, 15 volts
(81) Conditio"~ YoP a np11, 15 volts 1950 watts hot wire
Stress Re ie
Fty- ksl
None
180 to
1000F,24 hr
-
None
180 to
1000F, 24 hr
185 to
!;=-::-=--:, .--+--- :31 lblper ~~-~~~r, Sibs perhr
s .,..-..:l~n--f--:::::r.-
t.;Th;:';':lc=:kn.:;:::e;::s7 .. . 1
205 190 200 oint Design 30' ~ 300
E Charpy V 56 to 12 to 58 lc 57 to ~--;-:-:----+..:s::;l::;n~gl:.:e;...:\J.. . double t1 single U
(30F) fl-lbs 68 25 70 7S Ft11 - ksl 214 211 198
~-~ w w1 m
e- 21n percent 18 17 6
RA - percent 59 GO 14
Chnrpy v- OF
ft-lbs 50 49 24
&?eclmcn Locations
. 505 Inch diameter
4. 0310 Typical !ansllo and Impact properties obtulned for GTA smooth
weld molal In low carbon grade plates, Table 4. 0310.
Source
TABLE 4 0310
81)(57, Table 15)(43, Table 2
\l 1
~
Vw
\ I 1 IT
1
11s
!~ Chnrpy v
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.20C T 0.25C
I '
)f(fs
Form
~! )
Plato
GTA, 062 In dia Flller A(a) GTA, .045 India
U joint weld 300-350 amps, 10-12 volts, 20- Filler B(a) argon
conditions ~0 lpm wire feed, 5-10 lpm shield, 200 F max
travel, argon shield, 200F max lnterpus ( 11.[/ II \1
lnterpus (57)(81) (43)
Thickness - In 1 2 1
TcmptJrature- r' 70 30 -so 70 -80 70 30 -so 1/16lnch diameter wire 0.1GC, 0.73 Mn, 0.258!, 0.002N ,
Ftu- ksl (b) 211 -
-
- 209 209 211 -
-
-
2
<1 ppm H2 , 200 F maximum, preheat and lnterpnss 75 percent
Fty- ksl 203 - 200 203 203 - He + 25 percent A shield.
e(1 ln)pcrecnt 20 - - 1S 19 20 - -
RA- percent 65 - - 58 62 65 - -
IE Charpy-V
!t-lbs 64 63 55 59 58 64 63 55
(a) See Table 4. 038.
(b) All weld metul properties. Smooth specimens In weld dlr<'Ctlon.
Charpy specimen location. See Table 4.0311 (1 In plate).
CODE 1221
e 1971, Be!four Btulen, Inc.
PAGE 14
Burst stress of subscale motor cases cont.o.inln~J flaws in 65
4.0312
the liAZ or r.t the weld center. Table 4.0312. Fe
0.42C
TABLE 4 0312
(74)
g AUSTEN1T1ZE 1460 TO 1550F. OQ 9 Ni
Source I
Alloy 9NI-4Co tiJ GO 4 Co
Grade
Form
CVM (C, deox) 0.25C Grade
18 in OD x o. 5 inch wall cylinders With
"';z;t.l Cr
hcmispherienl heads
Condition 1500F. l hr OQ + 975F (2 + 2 hr) AC +Weld+ :2 Mo
950F 2 hr, AC
Double u joint 275 amps, 2.5 to 10v, 20 In per min
55
0 ~) 4J 60 80 100 120 v
GTA Weld wtre feed, He shield wire composition (sec Table A\;i>TLN1'i1ZING TIME - MINUTES
Conditions 4 .038 Filler C) Weld Ftu = 202 kRl; Fty = 180 ksl
9Ni-4Co
Flaw size and O.'Zlln deep x 0.63 in o. 40 In deep x !. 00 In
flv, 1. ()(l1 EFFECT OF AUSTE!I.'ITIZING TIME ON HARDNESS r.T
location long; HAZ long weld with long; Long weld center- 0. 42 CARBON LEVEL. (31
0.040 In mismatch llne
Hydrotcst 8040 pslg l min +
h!slory 7300 JlSig 5 min + 7400 pslg burst
9840 pslg burst
Burst stress
- ksi 207 126
4. 05 Surface Treatment
Scale formed during hot working Is dense and tough with
decarburlzatlon deeper than observed for 4340 (21.
Otherwise similar to 4340.
4GL8J~~
0 12 16
~~~
20
~~
4 24
DISTANCE FROM QUENCIIED END -SIXTEENTHS
CODE 1221
(!) 1971, Bclfour Stulen, Inc.
PAGE 15
reuH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971
62r-----.------.-----.------.-----.-----.-----~-----,
9Ni-4Co
Fe 1500 TO 1550F, WQ
9 Ni
4 Co
Cr
Mo
v
60~----~----~------~----~----~------~----~----~
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
9Ni-4Co DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END -SIXTEENTHS
u 48
1>:
!ll
fil
z0 44
1>:
iZ
40
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END -SIXTEENTHS
FIG. 1. 064 END QUENCH HArmENABILITY FOR 0. 20C GRADE. (57 .p.21)
9Nl-4Co
1500F, 1/2 HR, OQ + 2 HR
-120F +TEMPER 2 + 2HR
30
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F
l.J
. ) 70 v
9Ni-4Co l >I !
400
9Ni-1Co I
0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
I
Fe
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
1 IN PLATE
2IN PLATE
I-1550F, WQ + l~OOF. 2 + 2 HR
9 Ni
60 - 1600F, 2 IIR WQ + 1550F. 2 IIR WQ - 360
FTY = 194 KSI
-
()
+ lOOOF, 2 HR WQ
c I 4 Co
= '"'\,
-
c SEA WATEH
Cr
~ 40 0 AIR
~ 320 NO FAILURE IN -
~
z 6 MONS
Mo
RC HA~DNESS
:2 v
30
AS
Q
-'\, 400 600
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
800 1000 1200 !il
:.:
~
~
...=
280
240
~
~
- 9Ni-4Co
"'...
I
1000 . 88 --.-- B =.88 IN
9NI-4to
0.20C GRADE
.l I ~
z
160
Ac1 = 1180F Ac3 = 1380F CANTILEVER BEND SPECIMEN
800 ~LOWING iEA WATiR
A
120
Ms\ 400 800 1200 1600 2000
600
/ A+F+C 0
TIME TO FAILURE - HOURS
~so
280 ~9N~i--4_C_oo------r-----.------r-----, 9Ni-4Co
0.045 IN SHEET
1/2 IN PLATE 0.45C GRADE
IMMERSION IN FLOWING Sl:!A WATER
240 1425F, 1 HR, 0Q
APPARENT ALLOY +425F, 2+211R
240
}._-
.. !:; 0.25C GRADE, 9NI-4Co
0. 4.5C GRADE, 9NI-4Co 200
0 tL--
\=+3 1$7
- - - CENTER CRACK
~ n TENSION
~')
~
~~
160
~
4
~
~
120 EDGE CRACKED
t = 1/2 ....... --
CANTILEVER BEND
d BROKE ON LOADING
80 ..
THICK, IN
.. -
0.045 0.160 -
..
40
0
6
KILLED AlR + LADLE DEGAS
KILLED AlR + CVM
0 C\'M (C, dcox)
0 _l
0 0.5 01.0 1.5 2.0
140 160 180 220 EXPOSURE TU~l:! - HOURS
FTY- KSI
FIG. 2.03211 DELAYED FAILURE IN 3 PERCENT NaCI
FIG. 2.0324 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0.25C AND 0.45C SOLUTION OF 0. 45C GRADE SHEET MELTED
GRADE PLATE AND 4340 PLATE IN SEA WATER. (32) :r THREE PRACTICES. (13)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971
Fe
9 Ni
4 Co
Cr
400
0.20
1
"'
~ 200
"'-<
~
~
-
&AIR
AeASTMSEAWA TER
-.-.....
--- - ~
~fil
:.:
-
I
z FOR SPECIMEN SEE FlGURE 2.0323
W= 21N B=0.96IN RWDIDECTION
- 100 ~
Q
_oA = 1 IN Bn = 0.86 IN r.:l
100 ~
I
- 50 2::
<
I
..:1
:s
or::
0 20 40 60 100 200 400 600 1000 2000 i5
TIME TO FAILURE - HOURS
400
9NI-4Co
0. ~SC GRADE CVM (C, deox)
liN PLATE
1600F, 1 IIR WQ + 1550F, 1 HR WQ + 1000F (2+2 HR) WQ
---P...,..-:o :---+--+--- 1-
-
FTY = 182 KSI
300
RW DIRECTION
~ 200
I
.05
"'"'lil
-<
Ul
z0
!:=:
t.l
r.:l
Ul
100 -t.~ifD D -E~MB, 1--- 7 ----l ~ 1-
FATIGUE
~05
-< CANTILEVER SPECIMEN CRACK"" 0.33
~
z 0 400 600
20 40 60
TIME TO F,\II.URE - HOURS
Fe
9 Ni
4 Co
Cr
Mo
v
j_
-==. 1 I 9Ni-4Co
J T
CENTER CRACI( SPECIMEN B = 0. 050 IN
9NI-4Co
101 102 103 104 105 . 045C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
TIM:O: TO FAILURE - MINUTES !GOOF, 1 HR AC + 1500F, 1 HR SQ
465F, 6 HR AC FTY = 225 KSI
FIG. 2. 0325 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0. 25C GRADE SHEET IN SALT SCATTER BAND FOR DIE FORGING AND
,, SOLUTION AND IN DISTILLED WATER. (60, p.17)
i' 3 HEATS OF A 3x3x24 IN FORGING
0.6
0.4
120~---r-~------~--~------~~-------T--~
9Ni-4Co
CVM (C deox) 9 x 9 IN FORGING
0,45C GRADE
102 1.03
1450F, 30 MIN, SQ
450F, G HR TIME -HOURS
100 + 700F, 2 + 2 HR
RT, FTY= 211 KSI FIG. 2.0327 EFFECT OF APPARENT STRESS INTENSITY
RATIO ON TIME TO FAILURE IN 3. 5 PERCENT
NaCl OF 0.45C DIE AND BILLET FORGINGS.
(59, p. 93)
0.1 1 10 100
TIME TO RUPTURE HR
)~
..... ,~-,
FIG. 2.0326 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0.45C GRADE FORGING IN 200F
DISTILLED WATER. (14)
f'"l:.t'(t'(UU~ ALLUY~ REVISED: MARCH 1971
9Ni-4Co I I
Fe 0.45C GRADE CVM (C,deox)
FORGED BILLET
9 Ni FTY = 200 KSI
4 Co c 100
z
I
0 FATIGUE CRACKED
Cr
~
0
Mo
1"'1
rn
11::
60 SIDE GROOVED
CONSTANT K -
v
1"'1
p.
40 SPECIMEN B = 1 IN
-
0
z 20 ~
9Ni-4Co 6
= 0
~ It 0
6
I
10
1"'1 ~
E-o
...: 6
11::
0
:::
E-o 4
:;:
0 3 1/2 PERCrNT NaCI SPECIMEN
=
(!) e A
. -
:..: 2 0 B
0
~ ""7
I c. c
.. ~
0 ~ I I I
(.01
0 20 40 60 80 100
K APPLIED - KSI i{IN
FIG. 2. 0328 EFFECT OF APPLIED STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ON
CRACK GROWTH RATE IN SALT WATER FOR 0.45C
PLATE. (79, Fig. 10)
9Ni-4Co
0,45C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
lGOOF. 1/2 IIR AC + H50F. 1/4 IIR 0Q + 650F. 2 1/4 IIR
(FTY = 224 KSI
1. 0 1600F. 1/2 HR AC + 1500F, 20 MIN SQ
520F ,4 llR AC (F TY =213 KSI)
ENVlROHMENT
o ~DISTILLED 11 20
0.6 e A3N NnCI SOL
A 6 CRACK STRENGTH IN AIR = 183 KSI
FTY = 224 KSI
e o CRACK STRENGTH IN AIR = 195 KSI
0.4 FTY =213 KSI
CODE 1221
REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
5000
9NI-4Co I
0.45C GRADE
0.80 IN SHEET
I
CVM(C,deox) I I I 1 Fe
l600F,1/2HRAC.,.l450F,1/4HROQt650F, 2l/4HRAC 9 Ni
=
4000 (FTY 224 KSI) I I -
I 1
SPECIM EN FO~
SEE FIGURE 2.0325
4 Co
Cr
ENVIRONMENT
1\
!-<
~::;;
9Ni-4Co
2000
\
l"il
::;;
1=
l"il
~ 1000
ANODIC
I CATHODIC
\
<
"'
bJ:
0
600
.
400
.
200 0 -200 -400 -600
APPLIED POTENTIAL (POLARIZED POTENTIAL- NATURAL
POTENTIAL IN ENVIRONMENT) - mv
300
9NI-4Co I I_
( 0.45C GRADE CVM (C,deox)
\ 0.0481N SHEET
260 1---+-- 1550F, 1/2 HR OQ + 2 HR -120F _
24 0
+ 475F, 2 + 2 HR
9NI-4Co
0. 020C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
liN PLATE
220 20 0 FOR HT SEE FIGURE 2.0321
180
~~-~--+-----~--~
- - k- ~B
A
260 16 0
;:..--
~ 220 120
v
I
~~-r---='---t----1--.
:c
I
!-<
z~
~
v
180 80
~
:c
u
!-<
0
z
140
4 / TEMPER
A- 1000 AND 1 0 5 0 F -
,V
260
B- 900F
220
0 . 002 004
I
. 006
I
. 008 .010
STRAIN - IN PER IN
280
1
Fe 9Ni-4Co
0.120 SHEET (-0.42C)
I I I I
v
9 Ni 1500F, 30 MIN, 0Q + 2 HR, -120F + 400F, 2 + 2 IIR - -
21,0
4 Co
Cr
200
7
Mo
v
160
9Ni-4Co
Vl
:<:
120
/
I
I
80
v TENSION
v
40
I
9Ni-4Co
0 FORGINGS
+-
0 0.002 o. 004 0. 006 0. 008 o. 010 0. 012 1500F, OQ + 2 HR, -120.. + 400F, 2 + 2 IIR
STRAIN - IN PER IN
LT
FIG. 3. 02112 STRESS-5TRAIN CURVE FOR 0.45C GRADE SHEET 6 CVM (C DEOX), 5 IN SQ, (9) I
TEMPERED AT 400F. (11) y KILLED AIR MELT+ CVM, 4 IN SQ, (3)
4 <l CVM (C DEOX) + CVJ\1, 4 x 12 IN, (6)
0 CVM (C DEOX) + CVM 1 5/8 x 5 IN, (9)
'\J CVM (C DEOX), 4 x 12 IN, (3)
e 0 KILLED AIR MELT, 5 IN SQ, (9)
320 1-----+----1--
!2
I
24o l-~"7fhY7<""*'rzS>'--"r='----+ ---+-...,...c:;.-1
:::>
Eo<
"'
60
40
~
1.:1 20
u
"
1.:1
ll.
0
0. 20 0. 25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
CARDON CONTENT- PERCENT
CODE 1221
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
240 " ,,
~
9Nl-4Co I I Fe
0.20C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
9 Ni
1 IN PLATE
~LL Q + 1000F 2 + 2 HR + 1650F, 1 HR AC + -
28 0
9Nl-4Co
0.20C GRADE CVM (C.deox)
I I 4 Co
1550F, 1 HR 0Q + TEMPEi 2 + 2 HR I
L 1/2 IN PLATE
-... 24 0 1600F. 1 HR AC + 1500F 1/2 HR WQ + - Cr
..,...
200 - TEMPER4 HR
I
--~
FTU Mo
20 0
FTU
v
~
12 - ~ ~
~
180
~
FTv--
9Ni-4Co
~ MILLHT 16
8 gf-- e&L
o6T
160 1-- FTY = 198 KSI
FTU =210 KSl
140
60 ' RA
80 f.--
60 ~ - RA
0
0
c 1(4D)
-~
40
10
1000 1050 -"?
- TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
20
.--- eriN) FIG. 3. 0216 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
.. 900 950 1000 1050 1100
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 20C GRADE
1/2INPLATE. (57.p.16)
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
280 rl
9Ni~Co I I
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
1 IN PLATE
260
9Nl-4Co
1
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
I I
260 PLATE
1650F, 1 IIR AC + 1525F, 1/2 IIR OQ + -
240 1650 - 1700F, 1 HR/IN AC +
TEMPER4 HR
1525 - 1575F, 1 HR/IN WQ +
1000 - 1025F, 4 HR
L
~ ~
~ FTU
220 ~
r--_ FTU
200
.......- ~
-,j
til T ~ FTY
:.:
180 1- __.......
\~
160
FTY 80
140 - RJ\
~ ,...
40
100
80 - z
~
u 0
RA
----- ... c:::
~
p..
20
..... ....
c (4D)
t
~
60
20
- ---1 10
g 0 1 2 3
~
p.. c (liN) PLATE TIIJCKNESS - INCH
v 400
I
600 800 1000 !200 FIG. 3.0217 EFFECT OF PLATE TIIICKNESS ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 20C GRADE
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F PLATE FROM ONE HEAT. (57,p.23)
;
320r-------------~-----.------, \._
9NI-4Co
Fe 4 IN TO 12 IN FORGINGS
CVM (C dcox)
9 Ni 280 1500F TO 1550F, WQ OR 0Q 320
+TEMPER, 2 + 2 HR
4 Co
Cr
Mo
u;
v :.:
~----~~~~~~~~------1240 ~
9Ni-4Co tt'
120
80 120
60
~
1>.1
u
c::
1>.1
c..
10~----~------~----~----~
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE F
CODE 1221
11~ VI::I~U' MAI'<I,;H 1~71 l"'t:.KKUU~ ALLUY~
360
9NI-4Co 9NI-4Co
CVM (C, deox) 1/4 TO 2 IN PLATE
0. 25C GRADE CVM (C, deox) Fe
280 320 STRIP (t = 0.28 IN, W = 21N)
0.25C GRADE
320 1650F, 30 MIN, AC + PRETEMPER 1 HR + 9 Ni
1500F TO 1550F OQ + TEMPER 2+2 HH
STRAIN, AC I 360
4 Co
240 280
Cr
2SO 320
gj Mo
til
'::o 200 FTU 240 :.: v
~
[,<
>- ~ 240 280
[,< I
~ ::> !il
:.:
9Ni-4Co
160 200 ~
240 ~
~
160
PRETEMPER TEMP 200
LANDT
0
300F
50 0F
80
160
[,<
RA
ztil 60 E-o
ztil
0
II:
til
g
p.,
40
"'p.,
400 600 soo 1000 1200 0
e (liN)
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
10 20 30 40 50
STRAIN (REDUCTION) - PERCENT
FIG. 3. 02114 SPHEAD OF TENSILE PROPEHTIES AS A
FUNCTION OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE FIG. 3.02117 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STRAIN TEMPERED
FOR TEN HEATS OF 0. 25C GRADE PLATE. MARTENSITE AS FUNCTION OF STRAIN FOR
(16.Tnble 4) (64,Tnble 4,5& 6) 0.25C GRADE STRIP. (28)
2SO 1
9NI-4Co
0. 090 IN SHEET
0.25C GRADE CVM(Cdeo,q
9NI-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM(C, deox)
3x9x24 IN FORGING
.l
1550F, 30 !\fiN Q + _ 1G50F, 1 IIR AC + 1550F, 1 HR
240 2 so 0Q + 2 HR -100F + TEMPER(2+2 HR)
~EMPER 240
~~ :r- ~
~.....
200 40
220
gj
FTY
~ 160 ..,____; 2 00 FTY
~
:----- 200
.rl
v-: ~ rRA
ztilE-<
----
~-
i). 0
10
'~.'
II:
til
o (1 IN)
20 40 ~
p.,
l\:
~.~ 0 ojiiN)
If, 200 400 600 800 1000
10
r: TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F 800 900 1000 1100 1200
[
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.02110 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
( ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 25C GRADE FIG. 3.02119 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
l' SHEET GIVEN SEVERAL QUENCH AND
TEMPER CYCLES. (16)
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 30C GRADE FORGINGS.
(59,p.134)
I .
;
,, r..nns:" t::;l?l I
I vVII
\
340 "--"
9N1-4Co
Fe CVM (C, deox)
1/2 IN AND 1 IN PLATE
9 Ni '.
300 0.30C GRADE - 340
~
4 1525F, 30 MIN, Q "': TE)\!,PER,
Co 2 HR T
Cr
2GO ~ FTU
300
Mo f "'--., 1"---
v In
:.: - '-'-. ~
:J 220 2GO
9Ni-4Co ~
!-<
r~ \ 220
~
~
180 ....... ~ ....
140
l QUENCH
e CIL
FTY ~
~ 180
~
GO
- H.A
....
- ~
!-<
z 40 /
20
v.
--
t>l
c..:
~
1-l ........ ..........
~
e (1 IN)
10 340 r:::::-::: -;---;---- r----r---. \
1000 1200
0 400 GOO 800
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
9N1-4Co
CVIII (C, dcox) 3 IN x 10 IN
"-
TO 8 1/2IN SQ FORGINGS (0.41C TO 0.46C)
FIG. 3.02120 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON 0.45C GRADE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0,30C GRADE PLATE 300 1450 TO 1500F, SQ 6 TO 8 HR, A C - - - j - - - 4 340
HEAT TREATED USING DIFFERENT ClUENCII
PROCEDURES. (19) P/77,7l":;r,;r-;~7"?-~(0~,4~11CC TO 0. 46C)
300
0.45C GRADE
_l_:I~~F~,_
,___ __
HR. SQ_:
1 :_r_E_;t~E_!l, ________
1
+___
I
340
9
4
Ni
Co
- TU
~ ~ Cr
_ 260
~
t
I
.
0
-- -:::::::::::
~.
-.
300
Mo
t
:o
220
I
l-----+-----~-----t----t260 ~
l i
1
v
6 . .IL
9Ni-4Co
FTY
340 180
9NI-4Co J I I I u 220
LANDING GEAR FOHGING (0.37-0.39C) TRANS TEMP STHUCTIJRE
0.45C GHADE CVM (C,dcox)
1450F, 1 HR, 0Q + 400F, 111R+2 H.!!._
0 350F
400F } BAINirE +
MAHTENSITE
-
300 140 1--- 180
-112F + TEMPER, 2 IIR D. 425F
~
80
450F
} BAINITE
!
R 0 4.75F
-+I ..
260 1- E-< 60 I
z
~ :.l
u ~
0
D.
fjj II: HA
:.:: ~
-I
:> p..
220 l
p FTY
40 --r--
20
""0"
180
L T
I
0
400 450
I 500 550 600
e (1 IN)
650
0 2150F MAX FORGE TEMPEIUNG TEMPEHATURE - F
140
D. 2300F FORGE
FIG. 3. 02123 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPEHATURE ON
60 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0.45C CARBON GRADE
PLATE ISOTHERMALLY TRANSFOHI\IED AT
_. HA
SEVERAL TEMPERATUHES . (26)
40
E-< 9NI-4Co
z )
~ 0. 080 IN SIIEET
u 20
y-
v
II: 1450 TO 1500F, 1 IIH, 0Q
~ 300 ~~L.+-- + 2 IIR REF +
TEMPER. 2 + 2 IIH
0
./
OD.AT
20
e L, T AVG
300
~
~r c (2IN)
0
3o0 - 400 450 500 550
TEMPEIUNG TEMPEHA TIJRE - F
0~----~-----L----~----_J
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEI\IPEIUNG TEI\IPEHATUHE - F
Fe 9Nl-4Co
0.100 TO 0. 220 IN SHEET, L
9 Ni 1500F, 20 MIN TO 1 IIR
280 1 - - - - l - - - +TRANSFORM 320
4 Co TRANSFORMATION
FTU---l~ TIME
Cr ~ o10HR
Mo
v
~~ -~, ~
2)0 1-----l.-- -+----l-- -"'c--'12 40 ~
9Ni-4Co (-0.41C) AIR 1\IELT ~
(-0.38C) CVM (C, dcox)+CVM rF
160
-AY ...........
2 00
~
9NI-4Co
/ 0.45C GRADE (C,deox)
z
... 10
-6
1 60 0.44C STRIP(t=0.28 IN, W=2 IN)
1---~- 1500F, 30 MIN, AC+ REFIUG -3201'
t..l 360 400
u e(2 IN)
,~
+ PRETEMPER 1 fiR+
a::
t..l 25 PERCENT STRAIN
p..
0
400 450 500 550 GOO
TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATU RE- F
340
9NI-4Co _I
CVM (C,dcox) SHEET, PLATE
l.
0.45C GRADE
300 1450F TO 1500F, 1 HR
SQ 6 TO 8 IIR
I 340
200 1 - - - - - 1 - - - -
FTU
>----.
260
~ >--
300
!i'1
:.:
::> 220
e-. 260 I
...
6 RA
[
40
f
f
I
r ~
t..l 20
I u t--
a::
t..l
p.. ....
0 c(JIN)
I j
i
CODE
PAGE
1221
28
C 1971, Bctrour Stulcn, Inc.
'------'/
360
9Nl-4Co
0.45C GRADE (C deox) Fe
(0.44C, STIUP(t=0.26!N. W~21N)
320 -1500F, 30 MIN+ 50 PERCENT
9 Ni
AUS~'ORM AT 1125F + RRFJUG
-320F + TEMPER 2 + ~ JlR
4 Co
I
I Cr
280 320
!il
Mo
:.:
v
:::> 240 280
(-<
"' 9Ni-4Co
320
!il
:.:
260 '>-
(-<
260
240
10 20 30 40 50
STRAIN (REDUCTION) - PERCENT T THICKNESS IN
0 2 HEAT A
220
FIG. 3. 02128 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STRAIN TEMPERED ~ 1/2 IIEAT B
MARTENSITES AND BAINITES AS A FUNCTION
OF STRAIN FOR 0.45C GRADE STIUP, (28)
I
9Ni-4Co
Fe PLATE
1600 TO 1700F, 1 HR/IN; 1 HR MIN AC + 80
9 Ni 9Nl-4Co
220
T_0_1~5_5_0F_,~1_H_R~/INF-~Q~+_4~H~R~T~E~M~P~E~R~-4
r--1_5_00__
PLATE CVM (C,dcox)
4 Co 1500 TO 1550F, 0Q OR \VQ
70 + TEMPER 2 + 2 HR
Cr
200 L T HEAT C t, IN
Mo ~ 0 0.25 3/4(12)
v L T
0
60
D. 0.30
[J 0 26
1/2(1)
1 (5)
180 [J 'i/ 0.27 2 (lG)
9Ni-4Co C. A 2 0 0.30 1/2 (16)
11:1 50
.:I
160~------~------~------~~----~
1000 1025 E-o
1050 1075 1100 t...
TEMPERlNG TEMPERATURE - F
40
FIG. 3. 0223 EFFECT OF QUENCH MEDIA AND TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH
OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE. (57,p.17 & 25)
30
9Ni-4Co 20~----~----~~----~----~
0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, deox) 400 600 800 1000 1200
1!N PLATE TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F
100 _l650F, 1 HR AC + 1525F 1/2 BR
0Q +TEMPER 4 HR FIG. 3.0233 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
FOR FTU AND FTY SEE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF 0. 25C GRADE
FIGURE 3. 0215
PLATE FROM FOUR HEATS. (1)(5)(12){16)
80
eL
OT
80
40 9NI-4Co
CVM (C, dcox) FORGINGS
0.25C GRADE
1200 70 1500F. 1 HR, 0Q +TEMPER 2 + 2 HR
~ ~ ~~ ~~ t~] :::2
(57. Jl. 32)(58)
11:1 60 -
.:: SO II F 0.26 -+----4
E-o Y G 0.30
80 t...
9Nl-4Co
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
PLATE
1650 - 1700F. 1 HR/IN AC +
70
1525- 1575F, 1 fiR/IN WQ + -
1000 - 1025F, 4 HR
FOR FTY SEE FIGURE 3.0217
~
,. T
m CIIARPY V
5o
l'--:---.. 20 ~----~------~----~------~
40o r.oo 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMPEHATUHE - F
IE CHARPYV
FIG. 3. 0234 EFFECT OF Tf:l\IPEIUNG TEMPEHATUHE
I ON TilE IMPACT STHENGTH OF 0. 25C
0 1 2 3 4 GRADE FORGINGS FHOM SIX HEATS. (16)
PLATE TIIICKNESS -IN
9Nl-4Co
1/2 IN PLATE I I J
3or-----t-----4-----+-----~----~~~~~ v
t: v 9Ni-4Co
20l-~~~~====~,~t~~~~~~---I~C~H~A~RP~Y~V--~
~- 1-----1
*CO~SEG~
50
lO~====~~==
400 500
~~====~;:==
600 700
~~jJ;:::::;
800
k:::::d
900 1000
eN1-4Co I
CVM(C,deox) PLATE, FORGINGS
0.4!;C GRADE
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F 1450 TO 1500F, 1 HR, SQ 6 TO 8 HR_-1-_ _,
40
FIG. 3.0235 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF PLATE FROM SEVERAL 0.45C GRADE
HEATS. (1) 30
RT
20
.'"" )
'<:!liN 0.46 B
0.41 A
A 4X 9 0.44 c
0 A 5x 5 I"'RG- 0.41 D
IXl 50 0 12 DIA INGS 0.44
...:l E
CLOSED 0.46 F
...
~
DIE
40
IE CHARPY V
toL---~------~----~----~----~
450 460 470 480 490 500
TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE - F
,i
280
Fe 9Nl-4Co
300 r9~N~I~4~C~o~~-----y----~ '-
0.45C GRADE CVM (Cdeox) SHEET, L
9 x 9 IN FORGINGS 1500F, 30 MIN TO 1 HR +
9 Ni 240 1450F, 30 MIN, SQ 450F, 6 HR AUSTEMPER, 8 TO 10 HR
+ 700F, 2 + 2 HR FTY = 200 KSI 260
4 Co t-0.41C) AIR MELT
1il 0.10 IN TIIICK
Cr :.: e(-0.38C)CVM (C ,dcox)
~200 + CVI\1
Mo !-< ......... 220 0. 20 IN THICK -+---1
~ f-!.-
0
v z~
II:
9Ni-4Co
[;; 160 1 -
:.:(.) ~0.13 TO
0.15
tt _l.
..:
II:
(.)
120 0\ "=2 , ( 0"'1/4
I 3 IT
SURFACE CRACK SPECIMEN
80 I I
0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 100
CRACK SIZE a/ (32 - IN CENTER CENTER CRACK
liT BEFORE CRACKING
FIG. 3.02713 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK SIZE ON CRACK
STRENGTH OF 0. 45C GRADE FORGING. (14) 60 =
w 3 IN, 2ao-1m
W = 2 IN, 2no-3/4 IN
400 500 600 700
AUSTEMPER TEMPERATU RE- F
FIG. 3.02718 EFFECT OF AUSTEMPEIU NG
TEMPERATU RE ON CRACK
STRENGTH OF 0. 45C GRADE
SHEET FROM TWO HEATS. (lj
280
9NI-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM(C,deox)
r I
PLATE, FORGINGS
240 1525F, Q +TEMPER 2 + 2 HR
v. -
.,
300
200 "'TY
o (-0.41C) AIR MELT
<J (-0 42 C)} KILLED AIR+ CVM FORM QUENCH
6 (-0.42C) o 9x9iN"llN
260
(-0.42C)} CVM(C, DEOX) + CVM
(-0.38C)
160 1--- FORGING PLATE
0
6 OIL+ 2 HR -100F
- 1-
450F SALT, 6 HR
220
120
k
.....
"'
1l I
1il
:.:
80
~
l-----1- -v -- I-
I
40
0.6
B= 1 IN
4
1~3-0.28 j_ I
11
t BEND SPECIMEN
-- >--
v
0.4
iS
0.2 1- [rKic
FTY -
20
CENTER FATIGUE CRACK
HT BEFOHE CHACK!NG
0
I
-- ~
400 500 600 700 800 900
TEMPERING TEMPERATUR E - F 0 200 400 GOO BOO 1000
TEMPERING TEMPEHATUR~;- F
FIG. 3.02714 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATUR E ON FIG. 3.02721 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPEHATUR F ON
THE CHACK STRENGTH OF 0. 45C GRAm; PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF
SHEET FROM SEVERAL MELTING PRACTICES. (1) 0.30C GI!ADE PLATE AND FORGING. (19)
r-euH
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
250
r-- -nor-
Fe
~
70
~ 300 9 Ni
r--
I-" 1500
r
200
4 Co
9Ni-4Co I Cr
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
3x9x24 IN FORGINGS Mo
1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F, 1 HR+
150 2 HR -100F + 950F (2 + 2 HR) v
lil 9Ni-4Co
:.:
100
,, 9NI - 4Cc
50 0.20C GRADE CVM C(dcox)
1 rn PLATE
TENSION 200 1---..-+- 1700F, 1 HR AC + 1500F, 1 llR
I:JQ + 1050F, 2 IIR
0 .~ .M .00 . 08 160
STRAIN -IN PER IN
80
40
300
-llOF
/; ~
70
300
r
250
9Ni-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
1600F, 1 IIR AC .,. 1500F, 1 HR SQ
465F, 6 HRAC
200
AVG L, T, AND ST
100
3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGrnG
50
TENSION
0 .02 .M .06 . 08
STRAIN - IN PER IN
Fe 9Ni-4Co L
PLATE AND FORGINGS
9 Ni 0.25C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
1--->,--+--- 1500F, 1 HR, OQ + IOOOF, 280
4 240 2 + 2 IIH
Co
Cr
Mo
v
9Ni-4Co
iil
160 :<:
80
40
-~-
260
220
~
;..
E-o
180
"'
140
100
280
9Ni-4Co Fe
0.39C GRADE CVM(C,deox)
3 X 9 X 24 IN FORGINGS 9 Ni
260 1 - - - - 1 - 1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F,
1 HR 0Q + 2 HR -100F 4 Co
+ 950 (2 + 2 HR)
Cr
240
Me
fn
:.:
v
220
9Ni-4Co
200
180
0
c.
1~8
...z
l'l
g
l'l
p, 60
~8 1----1---~e(JIN)~----~
10L-----~----~----~~----J
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F
9Ni-4Co
FIG. 3. 0315 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEHATUHE ON TENSILE CVM(C, dcox) PLATE
PROPERTIES OF 0.30C GHADE FOHGINGS. (59.p. 125) 0.30C GRADE
1550F, 30 ~UN, OQ + lOOOF. 280
2 + 211R
~
I
::J
t 160 1-----+:::,..:;;;::~;t...=-----+----+----1200 ~
""
120 EXPOSURE
eNONE
8400F
AG50F }
c (llN)
1oL-----L-----~----~----~~--~
-200 0 200 400 600 BOO
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
260
Fe ~NI-4Co I
0.45C CVM (C deox)
~~
9 Ni ~ 9 x 9 IN FORGINGS (0. 11 Mo)
220 ...... 1450F, 30 MIN, SQ 450F, 6 HR
4 260
Co ~,2+2HR
Cr
Mo ~
180 .. ...........
~
u
~ 220 ~
v I
::> ~ '-... "' ~ 0
E
t: 140
180
9Ni-4 Co F~
100
L T EXPOSU RE
~ 0
140
0 NONE "'
0 400F} 1000 HR, 40 KSl
~
A 6GOF
r-
80 .rw'_
_.__
~ 0 ~
~
v c(l IN)
~
- 9NI-4Co
0 0.45C GHADE CVM (C, deox)
-200 0 200 400 600 800 !600F. 1 IIR AC + 1500F, 1 HR
TEMPE RATUR E- F
300 SQ, 465F, 6 IIR lC
240
220
200
180
60
0
RA
.JO
f-<
z~
u
c:
~
p.. 20
10~----~~--~--~~
~----~
-200 0 200 600
TEMP~;!{,\ TURE - F
CODE 1221
I vVI
9NI-4Co
0,45C CVM (C deO>t) 9NI-4Co Fe
liN PLATE 0.45C GRADE CVM (C. dcox)
240 l-~c--+-1450F, 30 MIN, SQ 475F, 6 HR+ 280
340
0.0951N SHEET 9 Ni
750F 2 + 2 HR T 1450F CXl +TEMPER
4 Co
300
~(1+1HH)
....._ 340 Cr
~ ........ M<
12I 260 i'-- ~'Tu
300 v
...:::> -~ 9Ni-4Co
"' L T TEMPER
220 .
0
6
400F
GOOF 260
til
:<:
1:
180
6
220
"'
FTY
__. ~-
...z 20 180
w
u I
~
w .I.
.....
p..
10
-200
-= c 21Nli
-100 0 100 200
800 TEMPERATURE- F
9NI-4Co
0.10 IN SHEET CVM (C, dcox) +
CVM 1500F, 30 MIN, CXl +
TEMPER, 3 HR + HEF +
TEMPEH,311R
9Nl~Ico
0.30C GHADE CVM (C, dcox)
3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGINGS
til 260 t-.....>...;::--t----1-""-<::::--~ 200 1650F, 1 JIR AC + 1550F, 1 HR -,~-e,....-=.e-.,..
:.: + 2 HR -llOF + 950F(2+2 HR)
I
160
12 120
40
COMPHESSION
c (2IN)
0~----~----~----~----~~--~ 0 ~----~----~----~----~~----~----~
-100 -zoo o zoo 400 600 0 .002 .004 .006 .oos .010 .012
TEMPERATURE- F STRAIN -IN PER IN
FIG. 3.03110 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE FIG. 3. 03?.11 COMf'RESSIVE STRESS-5TRAIN CURVES AT VARIOUS
PROPERTIES OF 0. 45C GRADE SHEET TEMPERED TEMPERATURES FOR 0.30C GRADE FORGINGS.
AT400AND600F. (I) (59.p.68-70)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1971
\~ i
9NI-4Co _I_ I \_
Fe 280 0.45C GRADE CVl\1 (C, deo><) -llOE / '
~0
3 " 9 " 24 lN FORGING
9 Ni 1600F, 1 HR AC + 1500F, 1 HR 9Nl-4Co
/~ ~
SQ 465F, 6 HR AC 0.20C GRADE CVl\1 (C, dco><) -----,f ------ -i
4 Co 70
41N PLATE
240 1650F, 4 HR AC + 1550F, 4 llH WQ +
Cr
/ 7 lOOOF (2 + '2 Hit) WQ
Mo
v 200 ~/ aor----F.T~y~=-1_7_8_K_SI-t-----,_--~~----,
L T
~
/
0
"' A
9Ni-4 Co
/ 50 ST
w
160 D
In
:.:
~ 40r-----+-----+-,J--~~~~~~==~
120
80
Jv AVG LANDT
I
,<
"'
/
I
v
40
COMPRE SSION
0
0 . 002 . 004 . 006 . 008
I 10L-----~----~------
50
9Nl-4Co
9Nl-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dco><)
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, dco><)
3 " 9 " 21 lN FORGING S 1600F, 3 IIR \VQ + 1550F, 3 JIR WQ
260 1650F, 1 IIR AC + 1550F, 1 IIR T
40 + 1000F, 2 IIH WQ + 1000F, 2 IIR WQ
+ 2 IIR -100F + 950F(2+2 IIR)
(HT FTY = 182 KSI)
SUHFAC E
0 1/4 TIUCKNE SS
30 ~no nucKNE SS
Ill A ST
...1
,<
20
""
IE CIIARPY V
180~----~----~------~----
-J
-200 0 0~----~----~----~------L-----~
200 400 600 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 ----~
TEMPER ATUHE - F 100 200
TEMPEH ATUHE- F
FIG. 3. 0322 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEH ATURE ON FIG. 3. 0332 EFFECT OF TEST Tt;MPER ATUHE AND SPECIM EN
COMPRESl>"'VE YIELD STRENG TH OF 0.30C
LOCATIO N ON IMPACT STRENG TH OF 0. 25C GHADE
GHADE FORGING S. (59, p.127) 4 INCH THJCK PLATE. (64, Tnblc A)
CODE 1221
~~
. REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
]
~
~
i:
~
r 9Nl-4Co
~ 80 0. 25C GRADE CVM (C, doox)
9Nl-4Co
0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
50 1----+---- 1600F. 1 HR (l/2 AND 1 IN), 9 Ni
2 HR (2 IN), 3 HR (4 IN) +
t 60
2 IN PLATE
700F, 2 HR AC + l525F, 2 HR, QUENCH+
1550F 1 HR (1/2 AND 1 IN),
2 HR (2 IN), 3 HR (4 IN) +
4 Co
I
I
i
l025F, 4 HR AC
Ul
lOOOF, 2 HR WQ + 1000F.
2 HRWQ
T
Cr
Mo
I
! ~ 30~---r---+-----~~--+-----; v
"'
~ LOCATION
e 1\UD THICKNESS
9Ni-4Co
20 0 1/4 THICKNESS --f------4----i
IE CHARPY V
c, ST I
0 ~--~~--~----~----~~~~ IE CHARPY V
-400 -300 -200 200 10L-----~----~------~----~----~
TEMPERATURE - F 0 2 3 5
PLATE TIUCKNESS - IN
FIG. 3.0333 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF 0.20C GRADE 21N PLATE QUENCHED FlO. 3. 0336 EFFECT OF PLATE TIIICKNESS ON IMPACT
IN VARIOUS MEDIA. (57.p.18 & 19) STRENGTH OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE (EACH
THICKNESS FROM DIFFERENT HEAT). (64. Tublc A)
80
9NI-4Co I
CVM (C, dcox) FOiG!NOS
0.25C GRADE
70 r1500F, lllR, OQ,I
9Nl-4Co + IOOOF, 2 + 2 HR
0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, dcox) FTU = 185 TO 195 KS!
CROSS ROLLED PLATE
HEAT DIR. !!EAT C SIZE _
80 1550F. WQ + 1000F, 2 + 2 JIR ---!------1 60 r- oA "'L 0.33 4 IN x 12 IN
en T
0.30)
c L 0.28 5x5
OD L 0.26
50 - E T 0.27
yF
'ilF ;} 0.28 9 X 9
/
/-;
40
Vo ~
// v
30
20
'V
/
v
.//IE CI!AHPY V
-200 -100 0 100 200
TEMPERATURE - F -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3. 0335 RANGE OF IMPACT STRENGTJI AS FUNCTION
OF TEMPERATURE FOR TWO HEATS OF 0.20C FIG. 3. 0337 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT
GRADE PLATE (PLATE CHEMISTRIES VERY STRENGTH OF 0.25C GRADE FORGINGS FROM
CLOSE). (56, Fig. 2-1) SIX HEATS, (16)(22)
70
70
9Ni-4Co
Fe 3 IN PLATE (0.25C GRADE) 9N1-4Co
1500F, 30 MIN, 0Q 0.25C GRADE PLATE CVM (C deox)
9 Ni 1500 TO 1550F, WQ OR 0Q
60 + lOOOF, 2 + 2 HR - -
4 + TEMPER, 2 + 2 HR
Co L T
Cr
Mo
50
. 0
a
Cl
KILLED AIR, FTY = 183 KSI
KILLED AIR, + CVM FTY = 184 KSI
CVM (C deox), FTY = 180 KSI
L
T
0
HEAT C
0.25
0.27
v
40
~ 40
9Ni-4Co ~
e.. .:I
"" ao ,..
I
30
"'
20
IE CHARPY-V
10
...
0
a
Cl
';i
1
2
TEMPER 1000F
FTy= 182 TO
190 KSI
)
____I_
0 L-----~-------~----~------J 0
-200 -100 0 100 200 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200
TEMPERATU RE- F TEMPEllA TURE - F
FIG. 3.0338 EFFECT OF TEMPERATUR E ON THE IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF 0.25C GRADE 3 INCH PLATE FIG. 3. 03310 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPf::v.TUR E ON IMPACT STRENGTH
MELTED BY DIFFERENT PRACTICES. (13) OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE !,ROM SIX HEATS. {!5)(!7)
"
80r-----~-----.------.-----~
40r-----1-----4------+----~
~t::::~
3or----~~OE~~~---~---~
10 r-----~~~0~~~-----r----__,
20r---~----~~___,~--4----~ IE CHARPY V
10 ~ L
T
'---
0
ST
0
l>
TE~IPEH
1000F
1050F
0
FTY KSI
184
176
FIG. 3. 03311
L-------~------~------~----~
0-200
-100 0
TEMPERATUR E - F
100
(13)
OL-----------~----~----~
-200 -100 100 200
TEMPERATU RE- F
CODE 1221
PAGE C 1971, Bclfour Stulen, Inc.
liE.VISE.[): MARCH 1971 rt:.t"t;t"<UU::> ALLUT::>
\ ;
.----.....--or--r----.----.---.....-----, r - - - - - - ,
-/ 260
9NI-4Co
CVM (C, dcox)
I I 5000
Fe !
-!-----~-
1/2 IN TO 1 IN PLATE
0.30C GRADE
9 Ni
,.~,"
220 4000 1650F, 1 HH, WQ + 1550F, 1 HR, W<l
!il
:.:
1525F, 30 MIN, Q
+ TEMP~R, 2 HR
,.,., . I 4 Co l
Cr
1::
"'
180
1!8
T
I
/
HT
""-
OF
.........
QUENCH
FTY
-i\ E-<
"'
3000
2000 1---:--+-:=..P=--t------!-
% Mo
v
9Ni-4Co
0
6
... OIL
OIL+ 2 HR -IOOF
6
40 - 0
450F SALT, 6 IIH
A
r.
30
...
~
~
E-<
"' 20 / ~~ FIG. 3.0341 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DYNAMIC TEAR TEST
v IE CHAHPY V ENERGY OF 0.20C GRADE CROSS HOLLED PLATE. (65,p.6)
10 I
0 400 600 BOO 1000 1200
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE- F 180 9NI-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
3x!lx24 IN FORGINGS
FIG. 3. 03312 EFFECT OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPEHATUHE ON
1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F 1 HR +
IMPACT STHICNGTH OF 0. 30C GRADE PLATE
HEAT TREATED USING DIFFERENT QUENCH 160 r-~--r-2~H_R_-~1 00_F___9_50_F~(2_+_2_I_II_,t)
0
PROCEDURES. (19)
120 r - - - - + - - -
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F
30
....
06 0 (-0.42C) CVM (C, dcox)} >CVM
(-0.42C) KILLED AIR*
0
0.45C GRADE CVM (C. deox)
1600F. 1 HH AC + 1500F. S</
465F. 6 IIR AC
/
...
~
1 20
~ u
?;"{S'"-.... -a_._...._
~ ~ .. IE CIIARPY V
10 7 ~- lit&.
eo 400F} I HO 0 DIE FOHGING +----+---1
AD. GOOF TEMPER TEMPERATURE
0
0 SOOF I I e
0 T
L } 3 x 9 x 21 IN
C!. ST
FORGING
AVG 2 HEATS
-100 -200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATUIU: - F 120 ~--~---~--~--~
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3. 03313 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TilE IMPACT
STRENGTH OF 0.45C GRADE PLATE FROM TWO FIG. 3. 0352 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
HEATS. (I) ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF 0.45C
GHADE FOHGINGS WITH llAINITIC
Coarse grain IIEAT THEATM~:NT. (59,p. 132)
CODE 1221
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971
540r-----~----~------~----~
9Ni-4Co
Fe 0.30C GRADE CVM
(C. dcox)
9 Ni 3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGING
50U 1---7<'""""-t-- FOR HT SP.Ei FIG.
4 Co
Cr
Mo
v
420 ~~
0 ST
}AVG 3 HEATS+-----ISOO
9Ni-4Co
380 ..,
~
....."
0
.s!.
340
12
9NI-4Co J I
0. 45C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
600 3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGING
FOR liT SEE FIGURE 3. 0352
/
440 520
~ Fanv/
-o _..... c/D =2
400 480
;n
...;
440 0
....."
~BR~ ~ .s!.
6 ~
I 400
\c/D=l.5
' t>Y
FBRY
t 360
0
320
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F
lJ 320
36()
9Ni-1C o
0.45C GRADE CVM (C, deox) Fe
(0. lllllo) 9 x 9 i-'ORGINGS
280
340 1450F, 30 !IIIN, SQ 450F. 6 HR + 700F.2 + 2 HR 9 Ni
L T D.IN EXPOSURE
4 Co
240
300 c:.
. 0 1.12
2.75
2.75
NONE Cr
l. 12
Mo
200 v
260
9Ni-4 Co
~ 220
180
Aoo} .
80
1 140
r 0. 002 MAX
40
L---1~o-o-----~~o-o------2~o~o-------~~oo~----~o-
----~~oo 100
TEMPE RATUR E - F -200 0 600 800
300
9Ni-!C o
9Ni-4C o
9 x 9 IN FORGING .,
0.45C (C, deox) L
CVM (C, dcox) + CVM
4 x 12 IN FORGING (-0.38C ) 1450F, 30 MIN, SQ
260 450F, 6 HR
240 1550F, 1 IIR, 0Q + 1 HR, -108F +
..._, +700F, 2+211R
TEMPE R 2 + 2 HR
...............
......... 220
FTY-.. ..., L
200 1------t-~"-----""t------
-l
RT -65F
0
180
fjj
:.:
140
120
W,IN
3
SOL- ------ .______ _ ~------~ 6
400 500 GOO 700 9
TEMPE RING TEMPE RATUR E- F
0 200 400 600 800
FIG. 3.03712 EFFEC T OF TEMPE RING TEMPERATURE TEMPE RATUR E - F
ON THE CRACK Sl'RENGTH OF 0.38C
FORGING AT ROOM AND LOW TEMPE RATUR FIG. 3.03714 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPE RATUR E ON THE
E. CRACK STRENGTH OF 0.45C GRADE PLATE
(4) OF SEVERAL THICKNESSES. (14)
l
Fe 9Ni-4Co 9NI-4Co I
CVM (C, deox) + CVM 0.45C GRADE CVM (C.deox)
260
0.075 IN SHEET (0.42C) 0.095 IN SHEET ~
9 Ni 1450F OQ + TE!IIPER (1 + 1 HR)
300 1500F, 1 HR, 0Q + 1 HR.
4 Co -3201-' + TEMPER 1 + 1 IIR . j GOOF.TE!IIPER
220
Cr I I __.-/" FTY-
Mo --4oOF
v
) {~
180
1r/4r-
9Ni-4Co
~ 140 - CENTER CRACK SPECIMEN -
L T TEMPER
100
..
0
c.
400F
GOOF
~
GO r-
CRACK TRENGTH
100 L..--..:....;..;..;......:....:;..:..:..:...J.....:....:---1
400 GOO 800 1000
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F
20
-200 -100 0 100 200
FIG. 3.03715 EFFECT OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F
TEMPERATURE ON SHARP
NOTCH STRENGTH OF 0.45C FIG. 3.0371'/ EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
GRADE SHEET AT ROOM AND ON CRACK STRENGTH OF 0.45C
LOW TEMPERATURE. (7) GRADE SHEET. (63, Table 1GA)
.....
22or----~---~----.----.----,
120 ~-----.--+f-""'='"-r~ .. ..
100~---+--
\ f ~~J T5
6oL_ _l__-=:.:::=:::::=:;::::::__j
400 500 600 700 BOO .2
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F :;: 6 0 F - - - - + - - -
\VOL SPECIMEN
B = 2 IN
FIG. 3.03916 EFFECT OF TEMPERING AND 11-----6.2-----1
TESTING TEMPERATURE ON THE I
CRACK STRENGTH OF 0.45C -100 -50 0 50 100 150
GRADE SHEET. (1) TEMPERATURE - F
i .
'.._/ 200
9Ni-4Co I I Fe
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
1/2 INCH PLATE
!GOOF, 1 HR AC + 1550F, 1/2 HR 0Q + 9 Ni
160
lOOOF (2 + 2 HR) AC
4 Co
RT FTY = 185 KSI
--.. 1--. Cr
120
fil ~ 900F Mo
:.:
~. v
gs
80
-:.- 1--- I "~ 9Ni-4Co
~
f-<
en
~OOOF 2000
40 9Ni-4Co I I
...........
0.20C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
1000 2 IN PLATE
!GOOF, 2 HR AC + 1550F
0 2 HR OQ + l050F (2 +2 IIR)
10 50 100 500 I 000 2000 GOO /
TIME -HOURS
400 I - FTU
I
=19G KSI 1/ I I /
FIG. 3. 041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR 0. 20C GRADE
1/2 INCH PLATE. (57,p.41) "'
t>l
....
200
F.fY =184 KSI
/~/,1
tJ
>< ~7l77D.P=PMAX-
tJ =
19,000 LBS
0
0
~ 100 ;! I SCATTER BANDS -
60 1-
I/! - - ASTMSEA -
40 I rl/ ---WATER
--- -
20
V;j r?' I
_ _ !'-lR
I
1 I
/;l1;/ /
FOH SPECIMEN SEE FIGURE
3. 03721
/;/ v
10
6 -
II// --
2
20 40 GO 100 200
STRESS IN n;NSifY RANGE C.K = KSI"\fi"N
1 IN
I
~=1
to'1 to 5 toG
CYCLES TO FAILURE
~400~-----------,------~---------,-------------,
Fe ~
9NI-4Co
..:1 1
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX) 2 IN PLAT!;;
9 Ni 1600F, 2 HR AC + 1550F, 2 I!R 0Q + 1050F (2+2 I!R)
g200~----------~-------~----~~-;~----~~--~
4 Co ~ FTU = 188 KSI
gj FTY = 181 KSI
Cr "'
~ 100 WR DIRECTION +--------h'-=-"'-:=--1""'~----------t
Mo
::'l Klc = 112 KSIIfiN
v ~ 60~~--------~----~~-~~~~-------------;
~ 40~-----------~--~~~-~~---;-------------;
9Ni-4Co
Cii
:>::
f:'
~
0 20
Q:;
0
~ 0 P = PMAX = 19000 LBS
tJ
Cii 10 1---------r-=-=1~--FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIGURE 3.03721
tJ
4
20 40 60 100 200
STRESS INTENSITY RANGEOK - KSI~
FIG. 3.053 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE
IN AIR AND SEA WATER. (BO, Fig. 8)
9N!-4Co
0. 25C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
liN PLATE
1600F, 1 HR AC + 1500F,
1000F, (2 + 2 HR) AC
5 cpm
,,
"'lz
mf
[ " " = 0.5
?B=0.5
CANTILEVE R BEND SPECIMEN
0. 025 IN SIDE GROOVES x 45. 0. 01 IN RAD
200
9Nl-1Co ~ 1
0.25C GRADE CVl\1 (C,dcox) II Fe
1/2 IN PLATE
1700F. I HR AC + 1550F. I HR \\'Q + 9 Ni
;:r-,,
lOOOF. (2 + 2 fiR) AC
lGO 4 Co
\ r-NOTEMPERI I Cr
9Nl-4Co ~--<......._J FTU = 261 KSI Mo
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX)
1 IN PLATE
MILL H.T. TO
FTY = 180 KSI
120
FTJ = 203 KSI
I
?j
I
- K1 = 1 _ i - -
v
9Ni-4Co
80
1- ROTATING BEAM R = -I
5 CPM
~---- - j
FTu..,200 KSI
40
- -t- -
5 6
o e STRAIGHT ROLLED 10 10
0 II CROSS ROLLED CYCLES TO FAILURE
~
..:l
()
><
()
~ 1011-----~f-+---tr-+-------t---l
:>::
()
25
0
8;;;;
D 1/16 WIDE BY
1/16
DEEP
j
=t=
1/4 NOTCH
DT 1
2 1/2
2 1/4 R
B}~D)
SURFACE NOTCHED FLEXURE SPECIMEN STRAINS
MEASURED BY FOIL GAGE ON TEST SECTION
AHEAD OF FATIGUE CRACK 9Ni-4Co
1r3 10-2 30 BAH
TOTAL STRAIN RANGE
9Nl-4Co I
Fe 240 liN THICK
5:1 UPSET PANCAKE FORGING
9 Ni 1500F. 1 HR, 0Q + 1000F. 2 + 2 HR
RADIAL TESTS
4 Co
220
Cr
FTU.:/1
0
Mo
v 200 - .. FTY
~
9Ni-4Co 34
~
-
v-
-
'""
30
- t::::::::::~ 9Nl-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM
::::::--..._
(C,deox)
j_ 180
e (0.27C) KILLED Affi
o (0.28C) KILLED AIR+ CVM
.a. (0.25C) CVM (C, deox)
E (DYNAMIC) -.....::::: ..... 160
22 60
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000 1200
TEMPERATURE - F -
E-o
FIG. 3.0622 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON YOUNG'S z RA
~
MODULUS (DYNAMIC). (15) 0
ll:
~
p..
40
20
.-
n. ..
...,
...
e
10
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
FINISJflNG TEMPERATURE - F
9N1-4Co I I
30 8 IN THICK BILLET, FORGING
1475F, 1 HR, 0Q + 2 HR -llOF + [
475F, 2 + 2 HR OR !475F, 1 IIR, SQ 485~. 6 HR
T
9Nt-4Co
0.30C GRADE, CVM (C, deox) -65F
34 20
'q 3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGINGS
30 " 10
BAINITE
I
REVISED: MARCH 1971
lI Fe
9 Ni
I 360 r9~N7.1-~~C~o-r------.------r------,
4 Co
Cr
1 IN THICK
5:1 UPSET PANCAKE FORGING Mo
1475F, 1 HR, OQ + 2 HR -100F +
400F, 2 + 2 HR
v
I 9Ni-4Co
300
260
60 ~-.~~~~~~~-+-----4
0
i
80
9NI-1Co T I
1550F, 1 IIR, OQ + 1000F, 2 2 HR
~ 4 OR 6 IN BILLEITS
GO
I I -65F
OL-.----J------J------1.---~ IE CIIAHPY- V
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
FINJSIIING TEMPERATURE - F ...
40
FlG. 4.0143 EFFECT OF FINISH FOHGING
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF 0.45C GRADE n
0
FORGINGS, MELTED BY DIFFERENT
PRACTICES. (11)
t: 20
0
(0. 27C) KILLED Affi (FTU"" 202 KSI)
(0. 28C) KILLED All!+ CVM(FTU <=::205 KSI)
0 - (Oi25C) CVMf (C,deox)(TU""I9r KSI) -
0 20 40 60 80 100
FORGING REDUCTION- PERCENT
Fe
70
r-'V 9NI-4Co .I I _I I I L
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX)
1/2 IN PLATE (0.21C)
9 Ni 60 1-- -lGOOF, 1 IIR WQ + 1550F, 1 HR WQ + lOOOF (2 + 2 HR) -
u
4 Co r::: WQ +SIMULATED WELD CYCLE+ POST WELD TREAT
Cr "'"'zw
Cl 50 1--
Mo :r:~
v ~~0~~--+--4~-L~
40 1-- - - ! - - - - + - - - - - + POST WELD TREATMENT -1----1
9Ni-4Co NONE
0 950F, 5 HR AC
& lOOOF, 5 HR AC
1-- ~~-----+------r------r-----1------+-----~40
1--
1--
IE CHARPY VAT OF
J
8~~-~2~0-0----1~4-00-----1~6-00-----1~8-00----2-00L0I -----22~0~0----2~40~0
PEAK TEMPERATUR E - F
200
~
FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIG.
W=2IN B=.96IN
=
Ao 1 IN Bn=. 86 IN
CRACK AT WELD CENTERLINE & PROPAGAT!N
. IN WELD DIRECTION -
1000 1(\000
HOURS
v
1-
30
80 ~
Lv
1200 1400 1600
---...... f"--
1800 2000
__....
2200 2400
PEAK TEMPERATU RE- F
I Fe
0.25C GRADE CVM (C,deox) ._
6::---+------
200 0 ti- 100
rn :.:- Mo
rn
~
c:: o ASTM SEA WATER 0
Q
~ v
!'-<
rn o- ::3
!'-< 100 - FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIGURE 2.0323 (B = 0.83 B, = 0. 75) 50 0.
0.
9Ni-4Co
~
z I o- <
CRACK AT WELD CENTER
AND PROPAGATING IN WELDING DIRECTION I ...J
:s!'-<
0
0
_j\
v
10
I
20 40
I I 60 100
I 200 400 600
0
~
FIG. 4.0316 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE GTA WELD IN AIR AND
SEA WATER. (70,p.32) (72)
28. Kalish, D. and Kulin, S.A., "Thermomec hanlcnl Treat- 57. Ault, R. T .. "HP-9-4-20 Steel Data". Republic Steel
Fe ments Applied to Ultra lllgh Stren;;t!t Steels", ManLabs, Research Center, TR 12018-132, (l\larch 11. 1968).
Cambridge, Mass., Filla! Technical Report, Navy 58. Ault, R. T . Private Communicat ion with\\'. F. Brown.
9 Ni Contract Now-64-035 62, (April1965) . Jr., (October 30, 1969).
29. Ibid., Third Quarterly Heport, (Au;;::st 1966). 59. Bulloch, D. F., et al, "Evaluation of Mechanical Proper-
4 Co 3 0. Morgan, IV. R., "Low Temperatur e Mechanical Proper- ties of 9NI-4Co Steel Forgings". The Boeing Company.
ties of HP 9-4-25 Alloy", NASA-1\ISFC Tl\IX53302, (July, Commercial Airplane Division, Seattle. Washington.
Cr 1965). AF 3361567-C- 1724, AFML TU 68-57. (l\larch 1968).
3 1. Groeneveld, T.P., Elsen, A.R. and Hall, A.M., "The GO. Benjamin, W. D., et nl, "Environme ntally Induced
Mo 9Nl-4Co Steels", DMIC Memo 200. (October 1, 1966). Delayed Failures In l\lartensltl~ Jllgh Strength Steels",
3 2.
v George Sandoz, Naval Research Laboratory. Personal
Communicat ion with W.F. Brown, Jr.
AFML TR 68-80, TRW, AF Contract AF33(615)-3 651.
(April 19681.
3. Turley, R. V., Avery, C.ll. and Slnclalre, M., "The 61. Freed, C. N. and Goode, R. J., "Correlation of Two
9Ni-4Co Effect of Processing Variables on Stress Corrosion Fracture Toughness Tests for Titanium and Ferrous
Cracking In 9NI-4Co Alloy", Third Quarterly Progress Alloys", NRL Report 6740, Naval Research Laboratory,
Report, Douglas Aircraft Co., Long Beach, California, Washington, D.C., (January 16, 1969).
AF Contract AF33(615)-2 849, (January 1966). 62. Ault, U. T. and Stellar, C. D., "Evaluation of liP 9NI-
34. Steigerwald, E.A., Private Communicat ion with 4Co Steels for Thin Wall Moler Case Applications ",
W.F. Brown, Jr. Republic Steel Research Center, TR 12018-133, (August
35. Steigerwald , E.A. and Benjamin, W.P., "Stress 5, 1968).
Corrosion Cracking In Martensite High Strength Steels", 63. Amateau, M. F. and Steigerwald, E.A., "Fracture
TRW Equipment Labs, AF Contract AF33(615)-3 651,
Characteris tics of Structural Metals", TRW, Electro
(October 1966). Mechanical Division, Final Report ER5937-3, Bureau
36. Groves, M. T. and Gerkin, J. M., "Evaluation of Elec- of Naval Weapons, Contract N0w-G4-018Gc. (January 22,
tron Beam Welds In Thick Materials: AFML-TR 66-22, 1965).
TRW, Inc., AF Contract AF33(615)-1 626, (February, 64. Dabkowski, D.S. and Porter, L.F . "An Evaluation of
1966). Production Plates of HP 9-4-25 Steel", U.S. Steel Re-
37. Faulkner, J. M., Hanna, G. L. and Peck, J. V., "Devel- port 39.018-007( 9), Navy Contract NObs-94535(FDIII).
opment of Welding Procedures and Filler Materials for (May 1, 1967).
Joining High Strength Low Alloy Steels", AFML TDH 65. Puznk, P.P. and Lange, E. A.. "Fracture Toughness
64-255. Part ll, TRW, Inc., AF Contract AF33(615)- Characteris tics of the New Weldable Steels of 180 to 210
11229, (September 1965). ksl Yield Strengths", NRL Reporl 6951, (September 18,
38. Peck, J.V. and Gerkin, J.M.,Ibld .. Pt. ill, (October,
1969).
1966). 66. Puzak, P. P. , Personal Communicat ion with W. F.
39. Savage, IV. F., Lundin, C. D., "Evaluation of Weldabll- Drown, Jr., (January 1970).
lty of Missile Case Materials", AFML TR 65-277, 67. Goode, R. J. , et al, "Metallurgic al Characteris tics of
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, AF Contract 33(615)- High Strcngt.h Structural Materials: lOth (~uarterly
1323, (July 1965). Report", NRL Hoport 6454, (April 1966).
40. Abbot, IV. D., "Large Motor Case Engineering Optimi- 68. Walter, R.J. and Chandler, w. T., "Effects of 111gb
zation Study", Excelco Developmen t, Inc., NASA Pressure Hydrogen on Metals at Ambient Temperatur e",
Contract NASW-687, (December 1965). Rocketdyne Research Division, Final Report R7780-l,
41. Tiffany, C. F., "Large Motor Case Technology Evalua-
NASA Contract NASS-19, (February 28, 1969).
tion", Tho Boeing Co. , Progress Report on A F Contract 69. Ibid., Fhl!l.l Reporr. R7780-2, (February 28, 1969).
AF33(615)-1 623, (June 1966).
70. Novak, S. R. and Rolfe, S. T., "Kiscc Tests of Hy 180/
42. Pascover. J.S., "Mechanical Properties of Gas Tung-
210 Steels and Weld Metals", U.S. Steell,lepor t
sten Arc (TIG) Welded HP 9-4-25 Steel", Republic Steel 39.018-007( 12), Navy Contract NObs-94535 (FBl\l),
Research tenter, Report TR 12018-91, (June 1, 1966). (August 1, 1967).
43. Rels, G.D., and Poole, S. IV., ''Welding of Quenched 71. Konkol, P.J. and Lee, A. G., Jr., "Welding Character-
and Tempered 9Nl-4Co Steels", Welding Journal Re- Istics of Carbon Containing Experimenta l Hy 180/210
search Supplement, (October 1966). Steels", U.s. Steel Corporation , Report No. 39.018-
44. Tiffany, C.F., and Masters, J. N., "Largo Motor Case 007(2), Navy Contract N0bs-94535( FBM), (January 1,
Technology Evaluation", First Year Summary Report, 1967).
Volume I, The Boeing Company, AF Contract AF33(615)- 72. Novak, s. R., Private Communicat ion with W. F. Drown,
1623, (June 1965). Jr., (January 1970).
45. Kammer, P.A. and Martin, D.C., "Welding lllgh 73. Dabkowski, D.S., ot al, "Evaluation of HP 9-4-20 Steel
Strength Steels", DIIIIC Report 229, (July 15, 1966). Weldment System", U.S. Steel Report 39. 018-007(30),
46. Matas, S.J., "Weld Metal Properties of a 2000 lb. Navy Contract NObs-94535 (FBlll), (January 2, 1969).
Welding Wire Heat, Latrobe 60320-A Preliminary 74. Tiffany. C. F., lllasters, J.N., and Regan, R.E.,
Progress Report", Ropubllc Steel Research Center, "Large lllotor Case Technology Evaluation", The Boeing
Technical Memo, (September 1, 1966). Company, AFML-TR-6 7-190, AF Contract AF33(615)-
47. Al\10 62 CF (May 1, 1968). 1623, (August 1967).
48. AIIID 65 DC (1\lay 1, 1968). 75. Abraham, J. K. "Fatigue Properties of 9NI-4Co Steels:
49. AMS 6540A (November 1, 1967). Republic Steel Uesoarch Center, Report 12016-134,
50. AMS 6541A (November 1, 19GT)."
(December 30, 1968).
51. AMS 6545A (November 1, 1967). 76. Groeneveld, T. P., et al, "lllgh Strength Steel 9Nl-4Co'!
52. Steigerwald, E. A., Personal Communicat ion with DMIC Processes and Properties Handbook, Battelle
IV. F. Brown, Jr., (February 1970).
Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, (1969).
53. Weiss, V., et al, "Crack lnltlatlor. and Crack Propaga- 77. Crooker, T.W, et nl, "Fatigue Crack Propagation ancl
tion In Structural 1\letnl A lloye. S~racuso Ulllvorslty
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Charactorls tlcs of a
Research Institute, Final Report, Contract !<Ow-65- 9NI-4Co-O. 25C Steel'', Trans. ASM Vol. 61, (1968),
0355-d, (June 1966). p. 568.
54. Crooker, T.W. a.~ll Lunge, E.A., "Metalh:rglc al 78. Crooker, T:W. and Lange, E.A., "Corrosion Fatigue
Characteris tics of High Strength Structural Materials", Crack Propagation In Modern lllgh Performanc e Struc-
11th Quarterly Reporl, NRL 6513, (August 1966) p. 41. tural Steels", Trans. ASM Vol. 60, (1967), p. 198.
55. Wessel, E. T. , "State of the Art of the WOL Spec! men 79. Mostovoy, S., et al, "A Note on Stress Corrosion
for K10 Fracture Toughness Testing".
Cracking Rates", Engineering Fracture Mechanics 1969,
56. Roeensteln, A.H., et nl, "Metallurgic al Investigation s (to be published).
of 9Nl-4Co-0.2 0C Steel", Naval Ship Research and De- 80. Clark, W.G., Jr. and Wessel, E.T., ''Influence of
velopment Center, Report 2678, (July 1968).
a Synthetic Sen Water Environmen t on the Fracture
REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
9Ni-4Co
ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
CODE 1222
.... , PAGE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
3. 0213 Effect of annealing temperature on tensile properties of Impact strength of low and high residual beat, Fu:.
Fe 3 .0214
four beats of plate, Fig. 3, 0213.
3.0337
3.0336.
l!ffect of first annealing temperature Ia double annealing .Etfect of low test temperatures on the Impact strealgth
12 Ni on tensile properties of plate, Fig. 3, 0214. of air and vacuum melted plate, Pig. 3, 0337.
~ ,0215 Effect of aglag time on tensile properties of air melt 3.034 Bending
5 Cr plate, Fig. 3.02!5. 3.035 Torsion and sbear
3.0216 Effect of aglag time on tensile properties of several 3.036 Bearing
3 Mo thicknesses of plate from one vacuum melt, Fig. 3.037 Stress concentration
3.0216. 3.0371 Notch propert!ea
Ti 3.0217 Typical tensile properties for a forged CVM billet, 3.0372 Praeture toughness
Table 3. 0217. 3.038 Combined properties
AI TABLE 3.0217 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
Source 4
12 Ni Wnv Fe12NI5Cr3MoTIAl 3.05 Fatigue Properties
I Form 8 In so blllet from 20 In dla CVM n""t See also 2. 03.
Maraging lr.nnrlltlnn ISOOF I hr AC + 900F 3 hr AC 3.051 Rotating beam fatigue strength or aged (Fty !80 ksl)
Molnn MJd radius a\ Center a plate at 107 cycles 90 lest.
Ftu lest 171 173
Pty, lest 166 168
e(40), percent 3.06 Elastic Properties
14 14
3.061 Poisson's ratio, 0.26 to 0,29, (1),
RA, percent 54 58 3.062 Static modulus. 27 to 28 x 103 lest, (1),
\) Transverse tests 3.063 Modulus of rigidity. 10.4 x IoJ ksl, (I),
CODE 1222
PAGE 2
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
r
Chromium s.o 0
Manganese 0.08
Molybdenum 2.98 Ti
Nickel 11.90
Phosphorus o.oos AI
Silicon o.os 30
Sulfur
ntanlum ~-~3 THICKNESS
e 1/2 IN 12 Ni
4.0313 Notch strength of surface crack specimens of air and 20
0I:
A2
Maroging
vacuum melted TIG welded plate using filler wire of 0 s 10 IS 20 2S 30
base metal composition but with different titanium and AGE TIME- HR
aluminum contents, Fig. 4. 03!3.
4.0314 Delayed failure curves for cracked TIG welds exposed to FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON HARDNESS OF SEVERAL
anlflclal sea water, Fig. 4. 0314. THICKNESSES OF PLATE FROM ONE HEAT (2)
4. 04 Heat Treatment
4. OS Surface Treatment
1.0
0.2
CANTILEVER SPBCIMEN
NOTCH FATIGUE CRACKED TER AG
SIDE GROOVED 0.1 IN DEBP WITH 0.011N RADIUS
0
10 100 1000 10,000
RUI'1l1RB TIME - HR
AGE TIME HR FIG. 2.0311 OEI.AYBD FAILURE CIJRVES FOR CRACKBD SPBCIMENSOF
FIG. 2. 0121 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON AUSI"BNITE AIR AND VACUUM MBLTED PLATE BXroSED TO ARTIFICIAL
REVERSION (7) SEA WATER (S)
CODE 1222 I
PAGE 3 I
----- ~-._....,,w MAtH,.t11~66
240
Fe FeI2NI 5Cr3M oTIAI
PLATE
12 Ni ANN, I HR, AC
+AGE 9 OF, AC
5 Cr
200
--r------- 1----- - --- - - - 240
3 Mo FTU
Ti
AI
160
-
- - . -- --- ..
I
. --r---- - - 200
i2 T I
120 - - - FTY
12 Ni :> I - ----
...
1- L,T T
Moroging
80 ..
0 "
IND VAC, 1/2 IN, AGE 30 llR (2)
CVM}
AIR II IN, AGE 3 fiR (I)
120
I
40
HO
-r-
80
I
I RA
60
40
:
I II
...
'
I
-- I
I
--
20 '
'e(l IN) I
' .h i
~
e(40)
10 I
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1400 2000
ANNEALING TEMP F
FIG. 3,0213 EFFilCT OF ANNF.ALING TF.MPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF FOUR IIEATS OF PLATE
(1)(2)
240
FeI2Ni- SCrJMo TIAI
PLATE
J
ANN, I HR, AC
1400F I IIR, AC + GE 900F AC
200 --
( 240
"Tu
i!J
160 -- !-
...~
200
I
l
F
TY
120
L,T T
- ----1-- --- - 160
...1::
0
IND VAC,I /2 IN, AGE 30 IIR
CVM,I IN,AGE 10 HR
80
120
1-
z
w 60
I RA
u 20
a:
w i e(l IN)
""
r(-10)
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1400 2000
ANNEALING TEMP F
FIG. 3.0214 F.FFECT OF FIRST ANNEALING TEMPER ATURE
IN DOUBLE ANNEALING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF PLATE (I )(2)
CODE 1222
PAGE 4
FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERRO US ALLOYS
'II
','(~y 240 Fe
Fe12N15Cr JMoTIAI
PLATE, AIR MELT 12 Ni
ISOOF, I HR, WQ
+AGE90 F WQ. Cr
200 240 5
)....----
1r
FTU
3 Mo
160 200 Ti
.
iii
i:! 120
:r t,....--
FTY
- 160
fil.
(:
12 Ni
AI
"' L,T
0 "' Maraging
I IN} PLATE
80
21N
I20
40 80
80
ln Q
60
z"" RA L T
"'
u
c:
0
A
0
6.
I IN) PLATE
2 IN
..."' 40
20
~
e(I IN)
10
0 10 IS 20 25 30
AGE TIME~ HR
FIG. 3,0215 EFFECT OF AGING TIME 01': TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
AIR MELT PLATE ' (3)
240
',.. FeI2Ni5Cr 3Mo-TIAl
PLATE, !NO VAC MELT
ISOOF, I HR, WQ
200 +AGE 90 F WO 240
rI
1 ......
FTU
[ij160 200 iii
~
i:! No. (:
~
FTY
"' 120 160 "'
I L,T
THICK
1/2 INCH
0 liNCH
80 ... 2 INCH
120
40
80
\..,
RA
.
.......-
""u"'
z
60 e(UN}
c: 20
"'... 1 ....
0
,. 0 10 IS 20 25 30
AGE TIME HR
FIG, 3,0216 EFI1 ECT OF AGING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
SEVERAL THICKNESSES OP PI..\Tf:: FnOM ONB VACUUM
MELT (2)
CODE 1222
PAGE !5
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
240
12
Fe
Ni
I
FedNi5Cr3MoTiAl
PLATE
1500F, : HR, WQ
AGE, 0
100
FeI2NI5Cr3MoTIAI
PLATE
ANN I HR, WQ OR AC
200 80 + 1400F, I HR, WQ OR AC
5 Cr Fro g +AGE 900F, WQ OR AC
3 Mo
!il160
Ti :..: 60
AI
120
-
Fn
- ~ IE ~HARPY V
12 Ni 40
I
L T
Maraging
80
0 IND VAC 1/2 IN, AGE 30 HR
WQ FROM ANN AND AGE TEMP F
. RA
20
CVM I IN, AGE 10 HR,
AC FROM ANN AND AGE TEMP F
~
0
[J
16 H~1/2 IN PLATE
5 HR IND VAC
1500 1600 1700
ANNEALING TEMP F
1800 1900 2000
~ 40 f- 4 .t. 5 HR 1INPLATE _
AIR MELT FIG. 3. 0232 EFFECT OF FIRST ANNEALING TEMPERATURE
i!! IN DOUBLE ANNEALING ON IMPACT PROPERTIES
OF PLATE (1)(2)
20
f.D/l8
.,.
e(liiN)
0
800 850 900 950 1000
AGE TEMPF
FIG, 3, 0218 EFFECT OF AGU>IG TEMPERATURE
AND TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF AIR AND VACUUM MELTED PLATE
(7)
120
Fe12Ni:fCr-3MoTIAl I
1 IN PLATE
1500F, 1 HR, WQ or AC
100 + 900F, 1 TO 30 HR, WQ or AC
Fei2NJ5Cr3MoTIAI 100 T
PLATE
-~
80
ANN, I HR, WQ OR AC
+AGE 910F, WO OR AC I 80 ......
:3 60 v- -,_ tb
t:---- ~
--
~ ~
~...--..- ~
!--
"' - - IE CHARPY V IE CHARPY V --~ 0
~-
I I
40 1-L T 40
'-u;;;:
~-[J
0 AIR MEL1
[J I IN, AGE 3 HR. AC
CVM
,. A CVM
FROM ANN AND AGE TEMP F
20 v IND VAC 1/2 IN, AGE 30 HR, WQ FROM
ANN AND AGE TEMP F (2)
20
AIR
0
A
v:c
A
1200 LB MELT AC(l)
AC(1) }
0 WQ( 2 )(3 ) PROD. MELT
FOR FTY SEE FIG.3.0213
0 0 I I I
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 150 160 170 180 190 200 ~o
ANNEALING TEMP F FTY KSI
FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT FIG, 3,0233 EFFECT OF YIELD STRBNG1ll LEVEL ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF FOUR HEATS OF AIR AND VACUUM STRENG1ll OF AIR AND VACUUM MELTED I IN PLATE
MELTED PLATE (1)(2) (1)(2)(3)
CODE 1222
PAGE 6
MARCH1966 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
(_) 240
Fe12Ni5Cr-3M o-n-Al 120
Fe12N15Cr3Mo IAl
1 IN PLATE, AIR MELT
I IN PLATE AND VAC MELT Fe
1500F, 1 HR,AC
1500F, 1 HR, WQ
200
-t900F, 3 R, AC
+AGE F, W
12 Ni
240 100
............ T
L T 5 Cr
~ 160 t--
1'-- r--- 200 "'
...;j
0 RT
1:>. OF 3 Mo
80
~
""
:..: AI
"' 120 160
60
"\ i: 12Ni
FTY' "' FOR FTY SEE FIG. 3.0215 Moroging
80 120 40
40
~ 0 5 10 15
AGING TIME HR
20 25 30
v
80 80 FIG. 3.0332 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON ROOM AND LOW TEMPERA
TURE IMPACT STRENGTH OF VACUUM MELTED PLATE
RA (3)
~60
t..l
a:
!l!
-
40
20
e(4D)
10
~
~
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TBMPF
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIBS OF AIR MELT PLATE ( 1)
120
Fe-12NI-5Cr-3M o-n-Al
1500F, 1 HR, WC
+AGE, WQ ,......
100
!20
FeI2Ni-5Cr3Mo TiAl
I IN PLATE, AIR MELT
1500F, I HR, WQ 80
OF
__..:.., v. v
l--- 0
100
+AGE OOF WQ 1 , - - k-..C..- 1-.-
0
1-.1-
OF RT 0
--L
--- T
A
6
0
80 lB CHARPYV
"'
...;j
I
IE CHARPY V 40 -zr
~
60
L T 1E
e 0 16 HR} 1/2 IN PLATE
'*
I
20 e o
-
5 HR INn VAC
40
6
t:--r---
r-- A .U 5 HR I IN PLATE,AIR MELT
I
FOR FTY SEE FIG.3.<.l15
:~
-- 1---- 0
800
I
850 900
I
950
I
1000
20 AGE TEMPF
0 5 10 iS 20 25 30
AGING TIME HR FIG. 3.0333 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATI.IRE
ON THE LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON ROOM AND LOW TEMPERA STRENGTH OF AIR AND VACUUM
TURE IMPACT STRENGTH OF AIR MELT PLATE (3) MELTED PLATE (7)
CODE 1222
PAGE 7
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
Fe-12NI-5Cr-3Mo -TIAI
15001', I HR, WQ OR AC
J 12
Fe-12N!-5Cr-3Mo
l/2
-n-AJ
'IO 2 IN PLATE
+AGE 9001', I TO 30 HR, WQ OR AC
~~ T
!"\. 80
IE ~HARr .'\.1'
'.
~
60
AIR VAC
tf !;:
0 1200 LB MELT, AC, RT (I)
,
6 40
RT, AC (I) }
0 RT, WQ (2) (3) PROD MELT
v 0 F, WQ (2) (3)
0
ISO !60 170 !80
l
!90 200
20
0.018C
0.059Mn
.100Si
0.001502
FTY- KSI AIR MELT
FIG. 3.0334 EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH LEVEL ON ROOM
AND LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT STRENGTH 0
OF AIR AND VACUUM MELTED 2 IN PLATE 160 170 180 190 200 210
(1)(2)(3) FTY- KSI
FIG. 3.0336 EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH LEVEL ON
THE LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT STRENGTH
OF LOW AND A HlGH RESIDUAL HEAT (8)
!00
Fe-12NI-5Cr-3Mo -'rtAI
PLATE
ISOOF, I HR, WQ
80 + 900F . TO 30 HF WO
IE CHARPY V OF
"'
.J
60 - ~
~401---+---+---kf-::::,....<~+----l
/).
"'
40
r---
L T
--"---
r----t-
OAIR MELT, FTY = 180-182 KSI (3)
-
20
r-- !:liND VAC MELT, FTY 178-183 1<51(2
0
0 1/2 I 1/2 2 1/2 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
THICKN;,ss - IN TEMP-F
FIG. 3.0335 EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON LOW TEMPERATURE
!MPACTSTRENGTH OF AIR AND VACUUM MELT FIG. 3. 0337 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURES ON
PLATE AGED TO FTY 178183 KSI THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF AIR AND VACUUM
(2)(3)
MELTED PLATE (7)
CODE 1222
PAGE 8
FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
t'.
'
. ~'-' 280 Fe-12Ni-5Cr -3Mo-TI-Al Fe
FILLER 1 IN PLATE
A 0- 09Ti, 0. 14Al 1500F,I HR,AC 12 Ni
_B 0. 45Ti, 0. 05Al +TIGWELD
240
c 0. 42Ti, 0. 42Al +900F, 1 HR,AC 5 Cr
L
3 Mo
Vl
:.:
200
AIR MELT FTY
I -D
=200 KSI
.. ,__ ....,__ Ti
AI
CVM FTY =150 KSI
~160 r---
-- ~
~
~ 12Ni
~ 3/4TO\
t; Moroging
:I: 120 W=3 !NAIR MELT
~ =
W 4 1/2 IN CVM
0
z
80
-rw- SURFACE C.:RACK SPECIMEN
CRACKED AFTER AGING
40 1-
AIR
0
0
CVM
&
l:J.
WELD
HAZ
1
CRAC K LOCATIQt
PARENT METAL
FILLER A
a/Q
FIG. 4. 0313 NOTCH STRENGTH OF SURFACE CRACK SPECIMENS OF AIR AND
VACUUM MELTED TIG WELDED PLATE USING FILLER WIRE OF
BASE METAL COMPOSITION BUT WITH DIFFERENT TITANIUM AND
ALUMINUM CONTENTS (12)
"'-'./
1 0 Fe-12NI-5 -3Mo-TI-Al
I IN PLATE,AIR MELT
1500F, I HR, WQ
+ 900F, 3 TO 30 HR, WQ
O. 8 + TIG WELD
TIME- HR
CODE 1222
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI966
Fe
12 Ni
5 Cr
3 Mo
Ti
AI
12Ni
Maraging
RBPBRI!NCES
CODE 1222
PAGE 10
FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
MARCH 1966
---
are drawn e>tenslvely from characterization evaluatlo118 lbosphorus 0.01
for the rocket motor casing applications, and must be Silicon 0.12
qualitlvelyregarde das "typlcal"results obtained thus far Sulfur 0.01
In a progrr.m of rapidly developing material technology, Titanium 0.15 0.25
Despite Its apparent deatrable feature~, care Is still
required In choice of compoattlon, beat treatment and
Zirconium (c)
Iron
- 8a ance
-
processing variables. As with other blgh strength steels, (a) Sl plus Ma combined shall be less than 0. 20 maximum
special attention must be given to the possibility of re- (b) 0. 003 added
duced fracture properties In tbe abort tr8118verae direc- (c) 0. 02 added
tion of forgings. Welding may also require special pre- (d) 0. OS added
cautions since the touglmess of tbe weld deposit may not
be as blgh as that of the parent metal, although tbls diffi- Typical producer's composition specification,
culty bas been overcome to a greater extent with tbe 200
grade ol. tbe alloy than with those of higher yield strength. Table i,042.
TABLE 1 042
Source Vasco(J
I, 01 Commercial Designations Alloy Fe-IBNi-8. 5Co-Mo-TI-AI(200)
J8NI Maragtng Steel, JBN!Co-Mo, IBN! (200) Maraglng,
18-8-3, Vascomax 200 CVM, RSM 200, Almar 18, 200CVM
Percent desired
Aluminum 0.10
1.02 Alternate Designations
Boron 0.003
),03 Carbon 0.03 max
SpecltlcaUona
Cobalt 8.50
1.031 Producer heat treatment specification, Manganese 0.10 max
1.0311 Aerojet solution treatment specifications for plate and !Molybdenum 3.25
forging. 1475-1525F for not leas than 1 hour. For Nickel
plates orforglngs greater than 1 Inch, O,old at solution 18.50
lbosphorua 0.01 max
temperature for 1 hour per Inch of tblclcness, (16)(17).
1.0312
~Ill con 0.10 max
Locl:heed solution treatment apeclflcatlona for plate, Sulfur
1650-1700F tor not leas than I hour. For plates greater 0.01 max
tt"ttanlum 0.20
than 1 inch, bold at solution temperature for 1 hour
0.02
per Inch of thickness, (19),
i.032 Graln size specifications, 2 AS'IM 5, occasional grains 1.043 User composition specifications, Table 1.043.
may be as large as AS'IM' 3 ,(16)(17)(19).
1.033 Grain now In blgbly stressed areas of forgings shall be
TABLE 1 043
parallel to principal stresses specified In applicable Source Aero et (16 Aero et (17 Aero et O.iil
drawings. Graln now pattern sball be free from re- IAllov l'e-IBN- 5Co-_MD-n-AJ 2001
entrant and sharply folded linea, (17). Form
1,034 Plate Forglnga Wire filler
Inclusion rating. detennlned by comparison of the woret
flercent l'lercent Percent
area of Inclusions found In test specimens with Plate I of
Min Max Min Max Min Max
AS'IM E 45 maximum permissible Inclusion ratings, Aluminum 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.15 (a) (a)
Table 1.034.
TABLE I 034
Carbon
Cobalt
-
7.0
0,03
8.0
-
7.0
0,03
8.0 7,5
- 0,03
8.0
Source
!Alloy
16Xl7 19
Fe-IBNi-8. 5Co-Mo-TI- Fe-18Ni-7,5Co-M o-TI-
Manganese
Nickel 17.5
0,10
19.0 17.5
- 0,10
19.0
-
17.5
0.10
18.5
Al(200) AI Molybdenum 4.0 4.5 4,0 4,5 3,6 3.8
Inclusion Type Thin
A
Series
2
Heavy
Series
'Ibln
Series
Heavy
Series
PMspborus
Silicon
-
--
0.025
0.10
-
--
0,025
0.10
-- 0.01
0.10
B
c
2 1/2
2
1 1/2
11/2
1 1/2
21/2
1
'I
SuUur
Titanium 0,05
0.01
0.25 0,05
0.01
0.25
-
0.26
0.01
0.36
1 1/2 11/2 I (a) 0, 10 added
D 2 1/2 2 2
1, !~~
" - - ? "?
CODE 1223
PAGE
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHJ966
--
AI Carbon 0.02 0.01 lbls steells aYallable ln bar, sbeet, plate, tublng, and
Otromlum
Cobalt 7.0
0.20
8.0 7.5
- forging stock ln the bot worked or annealed condition.
Sbeet Is also aYallable In the annealed and cold worked
18 Ni (200) Copper - 0.20 - COJidltion.
---
Hydrogen - 5ppm
Maraging Lead
~nganese
-- nil
O.lO(b
1.08 Melting and Castlng Practice
Blectrlc furDace air melting with or without vacuum de
Molybdenum 3.5 4.5 3.8 gassing, lnductloo vacuum melting, consumable electrode
Nlclcel 17.5 18.5 18.0 vacuum remelting. Low carbon content and residual
Nitrogen - 35 ppm - element content requlrea blgb quality raw material.
---
~gen 20ppm -
l'hosphorua 0.012 0.01 1.09 Special Considerations
Silicon
Sullur -
0.10~
0.008
-
o.oos
1.091 General. 1be beat to beat varlabWty ol this steel withln
the composltiCXI limits given In Tables 1.041, 1.042,
l~tanlum 0~05
nil
0.15
-
0 10
1.043, 1.0, and 1.045 Is blgher than that normally
encountered for low alloy beat treated steels such as
(a) For optimizing fracture roughness and stress corrosion
4340. Spectal consideration abould also be given to
Cor deep submergance submarine applications
directionality ol mechanical properties, the posslbUity
M Manganese pius Slllcon shall not exceed 0.18 ol high temperature embrlttlement and the very high
tolerance for bydrogen. Weldments present special
1. 045 Typical compositions for rocket motor casing applications, problems which are discussed under 4.03.
Table I. 045.
1.092 Variability ol properties. 1be yield strength and tough
TABLE 1 045 ness of aged material will vary from beat to heat within
Source 12 10 the composition limits ol a given grade. This variation
11 6
mnv Fc18NI8. !>0>11110 AliZW ln aging response Ia ooly ln part caused by dlflerences
Form Plate XA Forward Weld wire Bate In content ol the bardenlng elements but also arises from
Cameron !roc y ring Heat No. Lukens dllferences In the melting and processing history. Gen-
Works plate 08950 Heat No erally the toughness wW decrease with those facrors
50234-1 R-5S9 tending to lncrease the yield strength, such as cold work
~W(a) Suu retained after anneallcg, Increased titanium content or
~)
Ladlsh fA>:_met- Sun
Shinlt co Sill reduced testing temperature. 1be Influence ol melting
Aluminum 0.08 0.095 0.12 o.;.o4 0.065 0.075 0.07 practice oo the mechanical properties Is poorly under
Carbon O.O:!l 0.021 0.02 0.024 0.01 0.016 0.02 stood,bowever, toughness Is Improved with a reduction
Cobalt 7.51 7.49 7.68 7.51 7.80 7.88 7.82 ln the residual clement cootent and segregation appears
Hydrogen
Manganese
- - - - 2.5 11.3
~.o5 0.029 0.08 0.052 0.02 0.007 0.07
- to lncrease with Increasing processed slze. At this tlme
It Is recommended that for critical applications the aging
~lybdenum 4.25 4.38 4.36 4.29 3.611 't 74 4.25 ...,sponse both regarding tensUe strength and toughness
~lclcel 18.37 8.23 17.99 18.14 17.83 17.82 18.11 be determined separately for each beat.
-- -- p.009
- - -
~ltrogen as 51 Unllormlty ol response Is olten enbanced by a clcuble
~gen - - 15 37 - anneal, sec sectloo 1.051.
""osphorus 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.00~. 9.00 0.008 1.093 Dlrectlonallty. Heavy sections ol this alloy and other
~Illcon o.o5 o.r-21 b.o7 0.014 o.o1 0.008 0.08 high strength steels can exhibit a banded structure
~ur
Titanium
0.009 o.ooa
f:oos 0.004 0.007 0.003 0.007
p.16 0,21 .23 0.22 0.39 0.28 0.17
which Ia associated with alloy segregation. If the banda
contaln a high concentration on noometalllc Jnclualons,
(possibly titanium carbooltrldea or oxldea)thc abort
(a) Average of 4 locations on the plate pattern "'
transverse ductility and toughness may be considerably
(o) Worst field lower than the corresponding Jongltudlnal properties.
ppm Under tht!se clrcumaumces tbe banding can result ln
maximum delamlnotions or apllttlng Jn the plane ol the banda. In
severe """"" npllttlng may occur during forming op.:ra-
tions or result from thermal stresses lnwced by flame
1. OS H""t Treatment cutting m:- ...eldlng. Eftecta aimllar to those produced by
1.051 Anneal. 1450 to 15SOF, I hour, air coo!, IS"nerally l'e banding are associated with an excess ol directional
commended. Selection ol an optlmlum a11neallng tempera- sulphide lnclualons. It abould be noted that Jn banded
ture In terms ol strcngO and toughness will depend on the structures the fracture toughness for cracks propagating
prior thermal mechanical history. In some cases heating ln a plane perpendicular to the banda wW be higher than
to temperatures ol 1650 to 1700F Is desirable In order to lor an Identical structure without banding because the
recrystallize the material (but annealing above J800F banded regions absorb energy by splitting. 1be degree
should be avoided). When a high temperature anneal Ia of bandlng and Its Influence on the mechanical propertlea
used, It Is desirable to follow It by a second anneal at Is related to the melting and processing practices em
14SOF In order to remove any deleterious ellect on the played. By very carelul cootrol ol the melting and
fatigue properties that the high temperature might produce. proccaolng techniques It Is possible to either reduce the
J.OS2 Age. 700 to 950F, air cool. Full age Is generally re amount of banding or to greatly minimize the deleterlou3
commended, 875 to 925F, 3 hours, air cool. Structures errects on the tra"'averse properties ol heavy sections,
which are badly segregated may not age In a normal (64)(5S).
manner and austenite reversion may be encountered.
Aging alter severe cold workl~g should be avoided.
CODE 1223
PAGE 2
I ~W'I I
2.024 Bmlaalvity
1.094 lsolhermal embrlttleme u. l!mbrlnlemeu t aasoc:lated Fe
with tbe prior ausu--..ite grain boulldariea baa been
2.025 Dainp1ng capacity
obaenecl afte! ;>rolaagecl exposure Ill tbe temperawre 2.03 Cbemicsl Properttea 18 Ni
raJ11e bet>reen 1400 and 1800P. 1bis Ia particularly 2.031 General. Corroslcm reslatance ~ this alloy Ia better tbaD
evident wbeD tbe alloy Ia allowed to cool wry slowly that ~ normal low alloy steels heat treated to correspond 8.5 Co
lhrougb this temperawre raJ11e follow!Dg prior bot IDgly blgb atreDgth levels. Since tbe corrosion reslataDce
worldDg at some hlgber remperawre. For this resscm ~ this class ol alloys IDcreaaea somewhat with decreaaiDg Mo
bot worldDg sbould be followed 11v u rapid .., air cool . strength level, the 200 grade alloy can be expected to be
as posslbl.,. better tbaD the hlgber strength 18 Nl maragiDg steels Ti
1.095 Hydrogi!D embrlttlenm lt. Alloy baa much greater toler which have been more extensively Investigated. Tbe
aDCe to byclrogeD tbaD does 4340 steel. Residual bydrogeD alloy also ellhlblts greater tolerance for bydrogen than AI
CaD also be baked out readily.
otber blgb atrengtb ateela such as 4340 after exposure
to Hz and ellhlblt fast recovery by baldDg at 400600P, (4),
2. PHYSICAL AND CHBMICAL PROPERTIES 2.032 Corroalcm by liquids. Static Immersion teats Ill quiet 18 Ni {200)
sea-ter &bow aw:rage corrosion rate ol 0.003 !Deb
2.01 'Thermal Properties
per year, teats 1n now!Dg sea -ter; o. oos-o. 001 mcb Ma r a g i ng
2.011 MeltlDg l'lllll" 2600 to 2650P, (4). per year. 1be alloy Is susceptible to corrosion plttiDg
2.012 Fbaae cbaDges. Alloy traDBforms to marteDBite on in tap water. some neutral salt aolutiona, and aome
slow coollDg from aDDesliDg temperature. M8 400P, Inorganic and organic acids. However, corrosion rate
Mt ~ 300P, As 850P (possibly hlgber depeadiDg em Is lower tbaD that of low alloy steels heat treated to
beatlDg rate), (4). correapondln gly blgb atrengtb. IDeo (4) recommends
2.0121 Dlmeualoual ud pbaae chaages durlllg maraglllg treat protection from corrosive aolutiOI)& by some meana such
meat, Pig. 2. 0121. as suitable coating. Ill general, the alloy requires tbe
2.013 Thermal ccmductlvity, Table 2.013. same type ol surface protection as usually used for tbe
TABLE2 013 ultra blgb atreDgth alloy steels.
!Source IDeo 4 2.033 Corrosion by gases. Atmospheric environments such
Alloy Pel8NI8.5C oMoTIAl (200) as the IDdustrlal atmosphere at Kure Beach, N. c.,
.... anerma conoucuvny corrode maragiDg steels 0.0005-0.00 llnch per year,
Temp- P B... ft l"'r (br sq ft F) approximatel y ball that d: .other normal blgh strength
' 68 11.3 low alloy steels. Oxldsticn '''!stance Ia subataDtlally
122 11.6 better tbaD that ~ a 5 pere<:nt chromium tool steel used
212 12.1 for comparison.
2.034 Stress corrosion. Resistance to stress corrosion Is
Thermal expansion. superior to that ~ blgb strength low alloy steels, although
2.014
75to 900P, 5.6 x 106 Ill per 111 per P,(4). IDeo (4) recommends 11 suitable protectiW> coating. Two
point loaded seam-type specimens streased to yield point
2.015 Specific heat, Table 2. 015.
required more tbaD 240 days to develop first significant
TABLE 2 015 stress corrosion cracking In the Bayonne Industrial atmoa
Source Loc(i(North AmerlcsD Aviation Data
phere and more than 240 days In the mariDe atmosphere
Allay Pel8NI8.5C oMoTIAl (200)
at Kure Beach. Maoy specimens passed 500 days without
Temp P ~~clflc heat falling, whereas the control 4340 steel speclmeua faUed
per Ob F)
between 1 and 99 days. The sea water Ubend specimens
200 0. I 0 (estimated) required 355 days to develop first faUure,whereas all
250 0,107 4340 specimens faUed In leas than 6 day&.
~M O.llS .
2.016 Thermal dllfualvity 2.04 Nuclear Properties
CODE 1223
PAGE 3
t"t.HHOU5 ALLOY5 MARCHI966
3.0213 Producers typical mec:ban.lcal properties, Table 3. 0213. 3.02163 Btfect of aging temperature on scatterband of longitudl
Fe na1 tensile properties of thirteen large plar.. used In
TABLE 3.0213 fabrication ol solid propellent rocket motor casing "A"
18 Ni Source Vu~o II> solution treated at 1675F, Fig. 3.02163.
l~.bt.. rl Fel8NI8.5CoMoT!-.~I 200 3.02164 Btfect of aging temperatura on scatterb tnd of longitudl
8.5 Co 1500F, 1 hr + 900F, 3 hr na1 tensile properties of four plates use1ln fabrication
Condition Round Sheet of solid propt>llent rocket motor ca~!ng ''A", solution
Mo Ann 5/8 In, L 1 1/4 In, L 1./4 In, T treated at 1SOOF and 16SOF, Fig. 3.02164.
140 212 214.3 218.1 3.02165 Btfect of aging temperature on scatterband of longitudl
Ti 110 207.7 208.5 213.0 na1 tensile properties of seventeen large plates used In
AI 18 !2.5 12 11 fabrication of solid propellent roclcet motor casing ''B'',
72 61.7 60.6 45 Fig. 3.02165.
3.0217 Mechanical prope~.les for plate In transverse direction
18 Ni (200) 3 0214 Alloy developers ranges of mechanical properties, Table 3.02171 Btfect of aging time and temperatura on transverse tensile
3.0214. properties of plate, Fig. 3.02171.
3.02172 Btfect of aging temperature on scatterband of transverse
Marag ing tensile properties of three plates used In fabrication of
saUd propellent rocket motor casing "A", solution treated
at 1SOOF, Fig. 3.02172.
3.02173 Effect of aging temperature on scatterband of transverse
tensile properties of 3 plates used In fabrlcatio!' of solid
TABLE 3 0214
propellent rocket motor casing "A", double solution treat
Source ln~o 12
IAll..;, ed at 1500F and 1650F, Fig. 3.02173.
Fel8N18. 5CoMoTIAl (200)
3.02174 Effect of aging temperature on scatterband of transverse
Condition Ann 1500F lhr 1500F, lhr + 900F, 8 hr
ksl tensile properties of thirteen large plates used In fabrl
ptu' 145 195 220
ksl 117 cation ot solid propellent rocket motor casing "A",
F{r, 190 225 solution treated at 1675F, Fig. 3.02174.
e In), % 17 6 (a) 12 (b) 3.0218
e(lln), % - 11 15 3.02181
Mec:ban.lcal properties for plate
Effect of aging temperature and time on tensile properties
RA, % 79 35 67
of hot rolled 200 ksl plate, Fig. 3.02181.
(a) Minimum 3.02182 Effect of aging time and temperature on yield strength of
(b) Maximum plate, Fig. 3. 02182.
3.02183 Overall ranges In tensile properties, orientation effect
and location effect within plate for seventeen plates used
In fabrication of solid propellent rocket motor casing ''B",
Table 3. 02183.
TABLE 3 02183
lsnur~e Sun Shtn 0
lllnv P<-!8N! 7. SCo4. 2MoO. 2TIO. 09All200
....... , ...
Icondition 1675F I hr w +a.., 850!' to 950F 4 16 hr
I"""" Plare annrox 430 x 00 X 0.6 In 17 sheets
Fty ksl Ftu ksl e.% RA % Orientation (a) Location (b)
effect ksl effect ksl
Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max
IQ~ 204 244 9 5
""
(a) Difference between transverse and longitudinal.
46 62 0 9 0 7
3.022 Compression
3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams
3.023 Impact, see also 3. 033.
3.0231 Range of Charpy Vnotch Impact values at room tempera
ture, 2650 ftlba, (2).
Effect of specimen location (In thlc:Jcness direction of
1. 05 Inch plate) on energy abaorption In precracked
Charpy Impact test, Fig. 3. 0231.
3.0232 Effect of fatigue crack depth on energy abaorptton In
precracked Charpy Impact test on specimens of variable
width cut from 1 Inch plate, Fig. 3. 0232.
3,0233 Effect of specimen width and plate thickness on energy
3.0215 Mechanical propenles for bar absorption In precracked Charpy Impact specimens cut
3.02151 Effect of solution &Mealing iemperature on tensile prop
from plate of nrlous thicknesses, Fig. 3. 0233.
enles of bar In 200 ksl CVM Condition, Fig. 3.02151. 3.0234 Effect of specimen width on energy abaorptlon In pre
3.02152 Effect of aging temperature on tensile properties of bar cracked Charpy Impact, Pig. 3.0234.
In 200 ksl CVM Condition, Fig. 3. 02152. 3.0235 Effect of various solution treatments and aging tempera
3.02153 Effect of aging time on tensile properties of bar In 200 tures on energy abe orptlon In pre cracked Charpy Impact
ksl CVM Condition, Fig. 3. 02153. tests of plate at room temperature, Fig. 3.0235.
3.0216 Mechanical propenles for plate In longitudinal direction 3.024 Bending
3.02161 Effect of aging time and temperature on longitudinal 3.025 Torsion and shear
tensile properties of plate, Fig. 3.02161. 3.026 Bearing
3,02162 Effect of aging temperature on scatterband of longitudl 3.027 Stress concentration
nal tensile .propenles of four plates used In fabrication 3.0271 Notch propcnles
of solid propellent rocket motor casing "A", solution 3.02711 Effect of stress concentration factor on notch tenslle
troated at 1SOOF, Fig. 3.02162.
strength ratio of 200 ksl CVM bar, Fig. 3.02711.
CODE 1223
PAGE 4
FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
3.0333
tests at -40F, Fig. 3. 0332.
Effect of various solution treatments and aging tempera-
Carbon - 0.03
Cobalt 7.5 8.0
tUres on energy absorption In precracked Charpy Impact
testa at 200F, Fig. 3. 0333.
Manganese - 0.1
Molybdenum 3.6 3.8
3.0334 Effect of maraging temperature, test temperature, and Nickel 17.5 18.5
specimen orientation on energy absorption In Impact Phosphorus . 0.01
test of precracked Charpy specimen, Fig. 3. 0334. Slllcon
Sulfur
- 0.01
0.01
3.0335 Effect of test temperature on energy absorption In pre-
cracked Charpy Impact specimens from heavy forging Tltonh~ n.Jn
n "'
Including parent metal, weld area, and heat affected (a) 0.10 added
zone,. Fig. 3. 0335, 4.033 Welding parameters recommended by alloy developer,
3.034 Bending Table 4. 033.
3.035 Torsion and shear
3.036 Bearing TABLE 4 033
3.037 Stress concentration. See 3. 033, Source ln"o 2
3.0371 Notch properties. See 3. 033. Allov Fe-18Nl-8,5Co-Mo-Tl-Al f200
3.0372 Fracture touglmess, See 3. 033. Nominal F ty of Plate
3.038 Combined properties weld ksl Thick-
Procea In Amruo Volta Passe lpm
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 175-185 MIG 1/2 300 29 4 10
I C,0-200 MIG 1/2 320 32 4 10
200-210 MIG I 300 29 13 10
CODE 1223
PAGE !5
4.0331 Uoer's recommeaded weldiDg procedure for 0.61w:bplsll! 60
Fe Table 4.0331. PeJ8Nl-8.5C oMo11-Al(2 00j
5/BINBAR
18 Ni SOurce
TABLB4 0331 ST ATTBMP INDIC
1 HR, AC+AGB 900F
8.5 Co AI!<W PeJ8N18 .5CoMo11 Al 200)
Form 0.61nl'l'all!
Mo Melting practice Vac-arc remelt or iDdu.ction melt ~
WeldiDg process TIG RC
Ti oint deslgD Single U or double V
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Maximum root gsp 0.70 Inch
AI Maximum lnterpu SOWTION TBMP P
temp 200F PIG. 1.061 BFPBCT OF SOWTION ANNEALING TBMPBRA'IlJRB ON
HARONHSS OF BAR IN 200 JCSI CVM CONOmON
18 Ni (200) 4.oa. AYerage weld propenfes d. plate, Table 4.034. (See (1, p. 6)
Tables 4.032 8lld 4.033 for correspoodiD g filler Wire
Marag in g composition aDd welding parsmell!rs).
TABLB.f 034
[c;,., ~ -~10\
Alloy FeI8NI8,5C oMoTIAl (200)
Coadltloa Weld+ ue900F, 3 br
Form te
Nomloal Fry d. Fry,
~
Ftu, Charpy
weldbl bi bl c;, v- ft-lb
175185 191 198 8 35 22.5
190200 197 207 8 3D 10
200210 215 220 7 3D 18
~:
ksl 201 (a) 216 161 (a) 215 (a)
\{, 56 (a) 55 30 (a) 14 (a)
500 600
=~~~:,~~: !! ~:: 40
2A
19 (a)
10 (a) 1! r.: 700 800
AGING TBMP P
900 1000 1100
(a) Average of 3 tealS. PIG. 1.062 BPPBCT OF AGING TBMPBRATURB ON HARONHSS OF BAR
IN 200 KSI CVM CONDmON (1, p. 5)
4. DC Heat Treatment
4.DCI General. Defore beating remove grease and oU (see
4. 05), FIJrnace fuel oU should not .:ontain more than
0. 75 percent suliur by weight. PJel gas not more than
100 grslna suUur per 100 cu ft. Furnace atmosphere d.
about 5 percent C02 Is recommended , (2). ""araglng
may be done In air.
10 100
AGING 11MB HR
FIG. 1.063 BFFBCTOFA GING11MBO N
HARONHSS OF BAR IN 200 JCSI
CVM CONDmON (1, p. 7)
CODE 1223
PAGE 6
MARCH 1966 .--- ... ,,,y.., ., ,...~--.-
TIME HR
G TRBA'IldBNT
PIG. 2.0121 DIMENSIONAL AND PHASE CHANGES DURING MARAGIN
(2, P 25)
OF IBN! MARAGING STEEL
240
PeI8N18 .5CoMo TIAl(200 )
PeIBNI 8. SCo-11Al(200) 5/8 IN BAR
ISOOF, I HR, AC ST AT TEMP INDIC
........
~IHR, A~~F,
+900P, 3 HR 240
3')() 220 3HR
~ i2 ~ Pru
'\
m0:: 80
~ PTY
200
....
"'.,::>
0::
.... !Z 40
- RA
100 "'0
"'...
,,
~-
"' e
0
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
0 SOLUTION TEMP P
0 0.4 0.8
NG
TRUE STRAIN FIG. 3.02151 EFFECT OF SOUITIO N ANNEALI
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
FIG. 3.0211 TRUE STRESS-STRAIN CURVE OP BAR IN 200 KSI CVM CONDITION
(2, p.ll) (1, p.6)
CODE 1223
PAGE 7
.. _ ....... _ _ _ r"~ . . . V' J v MAKI:;H 1966
8.5 Co
3 HR, 200 KSi CVM
...........
Mo 180
~~
.,L.~ ~ 220
Ti i2 " _....
w
AI
j:!40
l.-- ' / ~ i2
v v
180
18 Ni (200) "'
'
PTY
Mara g ing
v
100
140
80
100
~
~
RA
--
40
"'c:u
..."'
0 e
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
AGING TEMP - P
PIG. 3.02152 EPPECT OP AGING TEMPERATIJRE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES
OP BAR IN 200 KSI CVM CONDITION
(1, p 5)
Pe-JSNI- S.5Co-M o-TI-A1( 200)
0.61 IN PLATE
i5~~ k'mt {eP ~
240
_....
v------...
Pe-18NI -8. 5Co-Mo -TI -A1(200)
5/8 IN BAR
!500P, I HR, AC
220
,.., ./"' ----
.......
_,../-
Pru 260
+AGE 900P
i2 200 - i2
j: _.-' ~
240
.
l:
"' !SO ~ v 220 "'
/ / FTY
so 200
60
--..,
L A VG OF 3 TESTS
RA 40
~
40
"'c:u euson
900F AGE TEMP
"'u
c: ..."' A 950F
"'... 20 20
0 e
I 10 100 e(l IN)
0
AGING TIME- HR 2 s 16 32
FIG. 3.02153 EFFECT OP AGING TIME ON AGING TIME - HR
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF aAR FIG. 3.02161 EFFECT OF AGING TIM!! AND TEMPER
IN 200 KSI CVM CONDITION ATIJRE ON
LONGill JDINAL TI!NSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE
(1, p. 7)
(5, Thl. II)
CODE 1223
PAGE 8
FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
uP
200
10
e(1 IN)
850 ~ 950
AGING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02162 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON 260 ..---.---,~~...,....---.,.--:--,
SCATTERBAND OF LONGITUDINAL FeI8NI 7. 6Co-4MoO. 2TI1Al(200)
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FOUR PLATES PLATES APPROX 430 x 100 x 0.6 IN
USED IN FABRICATION OF SOLID PROPEL 1675F, 1 HR, AC
LENT ROCKET MOTOR CASING "A'~ +AGE850T0950F, 8 HR
SOLUTION TREATED AT i500F (11)
- 240
!2
i=
"' 220
(-o liIll
~ 60 20
u
u 0::
0::
...
Ill
15 ...
Ill
~ 10
"
40
850 900 950
AGING TEMr "
FIG. 3. 02163 EFFECT ~I' AGING TEMPERATURE ON
SCA TT lRBAND OF LONGITUDINAL
TENS'.LE PROPERTIES OF THIRTEEN
LAP.uE PLATES USED IN FABRICATION
0! SOUD PROPELLENT ROCKBT MOTOR
CASING "A" SOLUTION TREATED AT 1675F
(II)
COOE 1223
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
MARCH 1966
Mar agin g
200
60
20
J-o
2: !;
"'CJ "'
CJ
"' "'
"'
"- 40
10 ~
<
"' "
20
850 900 0
950
AGING TEMP F
FIG. 3.02165 EFFEC T OF AGING TEMPERATURE
ON SCA TIER BAND OF LONCll1lJDINAL
TENSIL E PROPERTIES OF SEVENTEEN
LARGE PI..ATES USED IN FABRICATION
OF SOLID PROPELLENT ROCKET
MW.OR CASING "8" (10)
CODE 1223
PAGE 10
FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
260
0.61 1N PLATE
1500F, 1 HR, AC
+AGE AS INDIC
I
T AVG OF 3 TES I'S
I --, 18 Ni
Fe
...........,~ 8.5 Co
!2
240
~
v
~
--
~
-
FTU
.... ~
260
~
'i=
Mo
Ti
AI
"'
g220
........- 240
"' 18 Ni (200)
200 / / FTY 220 Marag ing
60
.. ~
RA
40
1-
z 850F~
e 900F AGE TEMP
...."'u"'
0.. 20
A 950P
e(l IN)
0
8 16 32
2
AGING TIME HR
FIG. 3.02171 EFFECT OF AGING TIME AND TEMPERAT URE ON
TRA'ISVERSE TENSILE PROPERTIES OP PLATE Pe-i8NI-7.6Co4.3Mo-ll.2TI0.07A1(200)
(5, 1bl. 2) 2PLATESAP PROX 430 X 100 X Q.61N
1 PLATE 414 x 80 x Q.451N
Fe18Ni7.8C o4Mo.().2T I.O.!Al(200) ISOOP, 1 HR, AC + 1650F,1HR, AC
2 PLATES APPROX 450 x 100 x0.60 IN +AGE 850 TO 9SOF, 8 HR
260 PLATE 414 x 80 x0.4SIN T
1500F, I HR, AC
+AGE 850 TO 9SOF, 8 HR
TSP CIMI!NS
!2
g 220 240 g
"' "'
!2 200
200
60 200 ~
z1-
"'u
20 "'
."'
u
'!'
"'"'
0..
"
< 40 10
"' e( liN 850 900 950
AGING TEMP F
850 900 950
PIG. 3. 02173 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
AGING TEMP F ON SCA1TERBAND OF TRANSVERSE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 3 PLATES
FIG. 3.02172 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE USED IN FABRICATION OF SCILID
ON SCA1TERBAND OF TRANSVERSE
PROPELLEN T ROC!mT MOTOR
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF THREE
CASING "A" DOUBLE SOLUTION
PLATES USED IN FABRICATION OF
TREATED AT 1500 AND !650F (11)
SOLID PROPELLENT ROCKET MOTOR
CASING "A" SOLUTION TREATED AT
ISOOF (II)
CODE 1223
PAGE II
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
260
Fe Fe18Nl7.6CcMMC>0.2Tl.-ll.lAI(200)
I
PLATES APPROX 430 x 100 x 0, IN Fe18Ni8.5 CoMoTIA l(200)
260 0.5 IN PLATE
18 Ni 675F, 1 HR, AC
1500F, 1 H~I AC
8.5 Co AGE 850 TO 9~:;-:s ~~ 13 PlATES 240 +AGEAS DIC AGING TIME HR
Maragi ng
i20
180
800 850 900 950 1000
220
i: AGING TEMP F
20 ....
z
Ill
tJ
eo:
Ill
"'
10 "
~
). "'"'
..I
~
~ ~ TY
i?i 1600 ~-
140
e2} 180 J: ~ ./
0 4
616
HR+AGE
"'
80 L 140
1500
ASPEC~~EN AXIS IN ROLLING DIRECTION
RA e SPECIMEN AXIS TRANSVERSE TO ROLLING
~ ).... 1400
DIRECTION
STD FATiGUE CRAbKED CHA:RPY IMPACT SPEC
WITH NOTCH IN THICKNESS DIRECTION OF
e (1 IN)
SPEC WIDTH 118 ~TE
CODE 1223
PAGE 12
FeUH
MARCHI966 FERROUS ALLOYS
(
'~-- Pe-18Ni8.5Co Mo-TIAl (200) Fe
1500P, 1 HR, AC
+AGE900P, 3HR
18 Ni
I I
TESTED AT RT NOTCH T 8.5 Co
TO ROLLING D1RECT10N
Mo
Ti
AI
18Ni (200)
~1200 ~~~~~74~~~Si7S~~~~~~~~=t----~,-----t-----; Maragin g
~
=1~
' ~--~-----+----~--- -~~~~;w~;4~~~~~~~~~
~
IMPACT
STD FATIGUE CRACKED CHARPY
SPECIMEN WITH NOTCH IN THICKNESS
DIRECTION OF PLATE
0
0
e
3/4 IN J
1/2 1N WIOTH
0 060 NOTCH IN THICKNESS } DIRECTION
. . . . . . NOTCH IN WIDTH OF PLATE
600 6 A 3/8 IN ---+----- -l------.f ----+---+ =---+--- 1
<>. 3/16 IN
2~
... 1800
=
a:
..."' 1600
~
=
~ 1400
"'
1200
STD FATIGUE IMPACT CHARPY
SPECIMEN WITH NOTCH IN
THICKNESS DIRECTION OF P ATE
1~
CODE 1223
PAGE 13
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS
MARCHI966
..:
AI ....lXI 1400
"'-4
18Ni (200) ts
Marag ing ~ 1200
~
800L---~------L---~----~
----~----~----~----~
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 o. 7 0.8 0.9
SPECIMEN WIDTH- IN
PIG. 3;0234 EFFECT OP SPECIMEN WIDTH ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRAC
KBD
CHARPY IMPACT
(8,p.397)
,.~)
e-18NI7 .6Co4.3M o-
0.2Ti0.07 AI(200)
1500F, 1 HR, AC
1600 ~~~LW~---t~~~~~--~-++1650P, I HR,
AC
+AGE8 HR
RT
1400 VALUE
MAX AVG MIN
...
20
e 4 ST 1675P, I HR, AC~
0.6 IN PLATE
..: c 0 !),. ST 1500P, 1 HR, AC +AGE
lXI 1200
.... v
0.4-0.5 IN PLATE 8
Y ST 1500P, I HR, AC HR
"'
-4
0.4-0.6 IN PLATE
20
1000
~
~
600
CODE 1223
14
a-eun
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
l '
l: "''~"_; FeIBN1 .5CoMoT1AI (20 ) Fe18N18.5CoMoTIAl (2
Fe
BAR 0.40 AND 0.651N PLATE
!SOOF, I HR 1650F, 1 HR, AC
+AGE900F, 3 HR (200 KSI CVM) 260 j.:+!::,.TI~G!.:W~L!.]D!l_+~900!!!!!:F~8-,!H~R~~--=-+--~
18 Ni
eo REP IRED, G e A 0.65 1N} 8.5 Co
o WELD CL 0 0 .6.0.40 1N
PLATE
"".6.HAZ Mo
Ti
AI
::c 300 ;ALCULATIONS BASED ON
::c t; 0 1.6 ~.LJJ..=+=--+-----lr----~--~ 18 Ni (200)
~Zb Maraging
O"'<
z I= a:: NOTCH STRENGTH RATIO
(I) 1.4 L---....L..---'------l'----.1.- ---1
0 2 6 8 10
STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR-~ 180
FIG. 3.02711 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR
ON NOTCH TENSILE STRENGTH AND NOTCH
STRENGTH RATIO OF 200 KSI CVM BAR (2, p. 2) 160 L...--.1....--...l....--..1.:..---' ----1
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16
FeI8N1 8. SCoMoTi Al(200)
0.65 AND 0.40 IN PLATE CRACK DEPTH/SHAPE FACTOR u/Q
!2 1600F, I HR, AC FIG. 3. 02723 EFFECT OF DEFECT GEOMETRY ON NET
24 0 +900F R .M:..!-----,.,q;l!.,.,_---1-----ii--- 1 FRACTURE STRESS FOR WELD SECTIONS,
PLATE REPAIRED I?BFECTS, AND HEAT-AFFECTED
D. 0.65 IN ZONE FOR !'LATE. COMPUTATIONS SHOW
Oe0.401N EXPECTED ~ELATION FOR SEVERAL
o o T ----I--~'..J747",>4Y~'L"+----i SELECTED V.\LUES OF Klc (24)
eL
FeI8Ni8.5CoMoT1AI (200)
PLATE, GTA WELDED
16SOF, I HR, AC+
1.00
TIO WELDED+ 900F, 8 HR, AC
1'\-- 1---
..... 1--- ~-- I
--
9:!-0o 11-- NO
,!,!
0.80
' '~ ... ... I
\ ~'b
I FAILURES
241 R
:.:
...... ...... '
:.:
:::1 t--- -- -- t--'/
0.60
HUMIDITY PLATE THICKNi!ss Ku /K1c
50% DRY RATIO OF APPLIED STRESS
0 0.62 IN 't, INTENSITY FACTOR TO
0 0.62 1N HAZ CRITICAL STRESS JNTENSL
A
.6.
0.40 IN~
o.r IN AI
ITY FOR INSTANT
FiCTUREI
0
I I
12 16 20 24 28
I
32 36
TIME HR
FIG. 3.02724 EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND APPLIED STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ON
TIME REQUIRED TO CAUSE FRACTURE OF TIO WELDED PLATE
(12, p. 40)
CODE 1223
, .., PAGE 15
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
Mo
!80
1'--- r--..:.::
PTU
220
Ti
---...... r---
""
AI
~ 140
~'-..... !80 i!i
18 Ni (200)
...i: ~ r---., \
Maraging 100 ~ 140
J=
\
80
RA _...... 100
~
lZl 40
(.)
0.:
...
lZl
e ........
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TI!ST TEMP - P
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TI!ST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPER TillS OF 200 KSI CVM BAR
(l,p.l,2)
100
i::
"''
1-o 90
..:
"'
0
'!-o
z
lZl
80
(.)
0.:
"'...
70
50 L---~----~----~-----L----~----~----J
400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TI!ST TBMP F
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF TI!STTEMPERA TURE ON YIBLDSTRENG TH OF 18 NJ
MARAGING STEELS AGED AT 900F FOR 3 HR AND SHOWING
RELATION OF 200 CVM STEEL WITHIN SCATTERBAND OF OTHER
MARAGING STEELS (3,p.30)
CODE 1223
PAGE - 16
FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
Mo
110 Ti
AI
100
l- 18 Ni (200)
90 Maraging
""
..:
"'0
""zCJ
"l 80
..:
"l
"' 70
60~--+--~~~~~-~--~---+--41
e MARAGlNG ST ELS(ALL GRADES
200 CVM DATA FROM FIG. 3.0312
soL---~-~--~----~----~--~---~
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON ULTIMATE TENSILE
STRENGTH OF 18 Nl MARAGlNG STEELS AGED AT 900F FOR
3 HR, AND SHOWING RELATION OF 200 CVM STEEL WITHIN
SCATTERBAND OF OTHER MARAGlNG STEELS (3, p. 29)
100
~Fe---18~N~I'8-.~5Co~-M-o0-~T~I--M~(~200~--~---.-----r-----T-----~
BAR
1500F, 30 MIN, AC
+900F, 3 HR
80
L---~
20L-~--L-----L-~--~----~----L-----L-----
TEST TEMP- F
CODE 1223
PAGE 17
FeUH FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
1400
Pe18NI7. 6Co4Mo Pel8N17.8Co4Mo0.2 Fe18Nl7,6Co4.3Mo t ..J
Fe 0.2TI0.1Al n-o.1A1 0,2TI0.07Al
STAND AGE AS INDIC
18 Ni TESTED AT 40P
1200 VALUE
8.5 Co MAX AVG MIN
Mo ...~
" """"" um.AC }
0 0 ~
(0,6 IN PLATE)
ST !SOOP, 1 HR,AC
1000
Ti
...a:
(II v ... (0.4 TO 0,5 IN PLATE .AGE
ST lSOOP, 1 HR, AC
+ 16SOP, 1 HR, AC
8 HR
AI
"'..:1 BOO .41:00.6
18 Ni (200) .
2S
~
INPLATB)
;!::
Maraging 600
AGING TEMP P
FIG. 3.0332 EFFECT OP VARIOUS SOLUTION TREATMENTS AND AGING TEMPERA
n.JRE ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRACKED CHARPY IMPACT
TESTS AT 40P (11)
.... ,.
1800
VAWE
MAX AVG MIN
1600
-"
& ,(0, "
6 'IN PLA ACJ
....
' TEl
0 0 ~ ST ISOOP I HR AC AGE 8
(0. -l 0. 5 IN PLATli)
...2!i 1400
v ST lSOOP, 1 HR, AC HR
+ 16SOP, 1 HR, AC
(0.4 T00.61N PLATE!
...a:
(II
1200
~
2S
~ 1000
;!::
4 PLATES
6ooL---~~--~-L~----~----~~----~--~
850 900 950 850 900 950 850 900 950
AGING TEMP P
FIG. 3.0333 EPPECT OP VARIOUS SOWTION TREATMI!NTS AND AGING
TEMPERAnJRES ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRACKED
CHARPY IMPACT Tl!STS AT 200P (II)
CODE 1223
PAGE 18
FeUH
MARCH1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
\
(.2;: PeI8Ni7.9 Co4.2MoT h\l( Fe
0.6 IN PLATE
1500P, I HR, AC 18 Ni
+AGES HR
8.5 Co
Mo
Ti
AI
2000
18 Ni (200)
20
0: Mo raging
..."'
"'
..I 1600
20
~
;!:
1200
0 100 200
TP.ST TEMP P
PIG. 3.0335 EPPECT OP TEST TEMPERATURE ON ENERGY ABSORPTION
IN PRECRACKED CIIARPY IMPA(.'T SPECIMENS PROM HEAVY
FORGING INCLUDING PARENT MI!TAL, WELD AREA AND
HEATAPPE CTED ZONE (6,p.55)
CODE 1223
PAGE 19
...
r11:0un
FERROUS ALLO YS MARCH 1966
200
Fe Fe-18NI-8 .5Co-Mo-T I-Al (200) i
.\_..
1SOOF, 1 HR, AC
18 Ni +900F, 3HR
180
8.5 Co
Mo
160
Ti
AI
140
18 Ni (200)
Marag ing
~ 120
100
80
60
105
NUMBER OF CYCLBS
FIG. 3.051 FATIGUE STRENGTH IN ROTATING BEAM BENDING (4,p.3)
25 L-----~-----L-----L----~----~~--~
0 30 60 900 30 60 90
DEGREES FROM ROLLING DIRECTION
FIG, 3.0621 EFFECT OF COLO WORK.JtBSOLUTION TREATMENT AFTER
COLD WORK,AND DIRECTION RBLATIVB TO COLD WORK ON
DYNAMIC MODULUS (12, p. 378 -383)
r~;.n''"v- .- .. - - - -
MARCH 1966
Fe
18 Ni
8.5 Co
Mo
REFEREJ-CES
Ti
Vanadium Allays Steel Co., "Vascomax 200 CVM,"
AI
Ready Referenc e Data Sheets, (!965)
2 Internati onal Nickel Co., "111\t Nickel Maraglng Steels,
Data Bulletin, " (Nov. 1964)
18 Ni (200)
Campbell, J. E., Barone, F.). and Moon. D.P., "1be
3
Mechanical Properti es of the 18 Percent Nickel Maraglng
M 0 gi g
ar n
Steels," DMIC Report 198, (Feb. 1964)
4 Internati onal Nickel Co., "111\t Nickel Maraglng Steels,
Summary Data," (March 30, 1965)
r
5 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "260 Inch Diamete
Motor Fabricat ion Program ; Material s and Process Evalu
atlon Program Subtask II, " Phases I and II, Lukens Plate
R-599-1, Document No. 40-4, (May 1964)
r
6 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "260 Inch Diamete
Motor Fabricat ion Program ; Evaluation !J1 the Forged
Documen t No.
Components for the 120-SS Nozzle Shell,"
40-10, Quly 1964)
r
7 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "260 Inch Diamete
Motor Fabricat ion Program ; Evaluation of Solutions An
t No.
neallng Tempera tures for 260-SL-1 Plate," Documen
40-11, (Aug. 1964)
ses
8 Lewis, R. E., "Fractur e Toughness In Plate Thicknes
Pro-
of 18 Nickel Maragln g Steels," Third Maraglng Steel
ject Review, RTD-TDR-63-4048, p. 388, (1963)
9 Aerojet General Corporat ion, "Informal Final Report,
Process Evaluatloo Program 623A," (1964)
10 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "Materia l Charac
ter!Zatlo n Report, Second 260 Inch Chamber and Nozzle
Shell, " (March 1965)
II Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "Materia l Charac
terlzatlo n Reports, First 260-SL Chamber and Nozzle
Shell," (Nov. 1964)
Nl
12 Lewis, R. E., "Anisotr opy of Young's Modulus In 18
Maragln g Steel," Third Maraglng Steel Project Review,
RTD-mR -63-4048 , p. 369, (1963)
18
13 Romine, H. E., "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of
"
Nl (250) and 18 Nl (200) Maraglng Welded Steel Plate,
U.S. Naval Weapons Laborato ry Report No. 1959, Oan.
1965)
( 14 Crimmin s, P. P., "Evaluation of High Nickel Maraglng
~; Steel for Application In Large Boooter Motor Applica-
'f
j tions," Third Maraglng Project Review, Rm-roR -63-
4048, pp. 96-184, (Nov. 1963)
t: 15 Boeing Co., Aero-Sp ace Dlvlolon, "Large Motor Case
7.'
.~.
Technology Evaltatl on," First Year Summary Progreso
i; Report, Vol. I, Qune 1965)
f 16 Aerojet General Corp. Specification AGC 34315, Amend
ment I, (April 3, 1964)
!; 17 Aerojet General Corp. Specification AGC 34316, Amend-
ment 1, (April 3, 1964)
18 Aerojet General Corp. Specification AGC 34326 (Super-
.. sedes Amendment 1, Dec. 27, 1963), (March 19, 1964)
tlon
19 Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., "Materia l Speclflca
LMSC 5050026, (Sept. 27, 1965)
Audener , R. E. and Tenner, W. S,, "Evaluation ol High
20
Nickel Steel for Appllcat lonlnLar geBooot er Motor Appli-
cation, ASD Contract AF 33(657)-8740, Aerojet General
Corp., Sacrame nto, Californi a, Report 0705-82Q2,
(Dec. 1962)
",, 21 Clark, C. C .. Internati onal Nickel Co., "l'eraona l Com
munlcatl on with W. F. Brown, Jr.," (1962)
22 Tiffany, C. F. and Masters, ). N., "Large Motor Case
Technology Evaluation, " Progreu Report, Boeing Co.
Contract AF 33(615)-1623, (Dec. 1964)
23 Tiffany, C. F. and Masters, ), N., "Large Motor Case
Technology Evaluation, " Progreos Report, Boeing Co.
( Contrac:t AF 33(615)-1623, (Much 1965)
CODE 1223
PAGE 21
ROBERT P. WE I
1. 033 AMS 6521 for C\'M shoot, strip, and plate. *Additions
CODE 1225
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969
1.042 Producer's specified compi"Jsition, Table 1. 042. 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
1.071 This steel is available In bars, rods, wires, sheets,
Fe plates, tubing, shapes, extrusions and forging stock
in the bot-worked or annealed condition. Sheet is
18 Ni TABLE 1.042
also available in the annealed and cold-worked condition
9 Co Source VASCO (2)
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
Tvoe of Anal vsis Ladle Chook
1.081 Electric furnace air melting with or without vacuum
5 Mo Percent Peruent
degassing, induction vacuum melting, consumable
Ti under over electrode vacuum remelting. Low carbon content and
Min Max Min Max residual element content require high quality raw
materials. Vacuum melting Is recommended (2).
AI Carbon - 0.02 - 0.01 Carbon sbculd be kept well b!'low the specified o. 03
Manganese
Phosphorus
-- 0.10
0.010
-
-
0.01
0.003
percent maximum (see 18 Nl (250) maraglng steel).
18 Ni 1.082 Room temperature tensile properties of air and
Sulfur
-
- o. 010 -- 0.003 vacuum melted slab, Table 1. 082.
Maroging Silicon 0.10 0.01
TABLE 1.082
Nickel 18.00 19.00 0.20 0.20
(300) Cobalt 8.50 9.50 0.15 0.15 Source (8)
Molybdenum 4.60 5.00 0.10 0.10 Alloy Fe-l8NI-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
Titanium 0.5il 0.70 0.04 0.04
2 l/2 to 2 3/4 inch thick slabs,
Aluminum 0.05 0.15 0.02 0.01 Form
Boron
Zirconium*
- 0.02
0.006 - 0.003
Melting Practice
short transverse (ST)
Air Melt CVIII
Calcium+ 0.05 290 290
Ftu, ksl
Iron Balance
Fty, ksl 280 273
Additions e(2 In), percent 3 10
RA, percent 7 25
1.09 Special Considerations
1.043 Modifications. Steels containing greater amounts of 1.091 General. The heat-to-heat variabU!ty of this steel
titanium, but conforming otherwise to ASTM A538- within the composition limits given in Table 1. 04 Is
65, Grade C, specification, are produced to meet higher than that normally encountered for low-alloy,
ntrength specifications. Refrigeration after annealing heat-treated steels such as 4340. Special consideration
may be necessary to minimize the amount of retained should also be given to directionality of mechanical
austenite in the steel prior to agtng (45) properiies, the possibility of high temperature
embrittlement, and high tolerance for hydrogen.
1.05 Heat Treatment Weldments present special problems which are dis-
1.051 Anneal. 1450 to 1650F, 1 hour per inch of thickness, cussed under 4. 03.
15 to 3() minutes minimum, air cool, generally is 1.092 VariabUlty of properties. The yield strength and
recommended. Double rumealing treatment of 1650 - toughness of aged material will vary from heat to heat
1700F, 1 hour, air cool, plus 1500 -l550F, l hour, within the speclfled composition limits (e. g. see
air cool, is also recommended. Selection of an Figure 3.0217 and Table 3.027231). The variation In
optimum annealing temperature in terms of strength strength Is caused primarily by differences In the
and toughness will depend on the prior thermal- content of strenghtening elements, and also arises
mechanical history. Generally, annealing temper- from differences in the melting and processing history
ature should be kept b~low 1800F to prevent excessive (9)(10)(11), Generally the toughness will decrease with
grain coarsening and to avoid thermal embrittlement those factors that tend to increase the yield strength,
(see 1.043, 1.094, and 18Ni (250) maraging steel). such as cold work retained after annealing (see
1.052 Age. 700 to 950Jo'. air cool. Full age is generally Figure 3.027151), increased titanium content (see
recommended, 875 to 925F, 3 hours, air cool. Broad Figure 3.0217), or reduced testing temperature /see
latitude in aging treatment is avallable through proper 3. 0371 and 3. 0372). The influence of melting practice
combinations of aging time and temperature. on the mechanical properties is not well understood;
Structures that arc badly segregated may not age in a however, toughness Is Improved with a reduction in
normal manner and austeaite reversion may be the residual element content (see 18 Nl (250)
encountered. Structures that have undergone maraging steel) and Is affected by processing hbtory
austeaite reversion may be restored to strength by re- (see 1. 094). At this time It is recommended that for
annepJJng and aging. Agi.'lg after severe cold working criticcl applications the agingresponse regarding
should be avoided (see 1. 09). strength ano! toughness be determined for each boat.
1.053 Special Consideration. Decarburization limits are 1.093 Directionality. !Ieavy sections of this alloy and other
not applicable to this steel because of the low carbon bigh-strer -;th steels can exhibit a banded structure
content. Care should be taken, however, to avoid which Is associated with alloy segregation. If the bands
surface carburization, sulfu:ization, and excessive contain a high concentration of non-metallic inclusions
oxidation. (titanium carbonitri1es, titanium sulfides or oxides),
the short transverse ductility anl! toughness may be
1.06 Hardness cbnsidcrably lower than the corresponding longitudinal
1.061 Typical hardness for annealed condition, 30 to 37 proporiies (see Figure 3. 021443 and 18 Ni (250)
Rockwell C (3)(4)(5). maraging steel). Under those circumstances the
1.062 Typical hardness for fully aged material, 51 to tiS banillng CIID result in delaminatlons or splitting In the
Rockwell C (3)(4)(5). plane of the bands. In s"!vere cases splitting may
1.063 Effect of annealing temperature and aging on hardness, occur during shearing or forming operations, or may
Figure l. 063. be produced by thermal stresses induced by flame
~. 004 Effect of aging temperature and time on hardness. (or plasma arc) cutting or welding. It should be noted
L'J'1~41 Effect of aging temperature and time on hardness of that in banded structures the apparent fracture
plate, Figure 1. 0641. toughness for cracks propagating In a direction
Effect of aging temperature and time on hardness of perpendicular to the bands will be high"r than that for
cold rolled and annealed sheet, Figure l. 0642. crack propagation in the other directions because of
1.065 Hardenability. Air cooling from anneal followed by momentary crack arrest and reinitiation at the de-
. .
FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS
,,
-l;._,_.,i
however, reduces the general level o! ductUity a.'ld 2.023 Magnetic properties.
tougbness to the other directions. The degree or 2.0231
banding and lte influence on the mecbanlcal properties
D.C. magnetic properties. Permeability at 200
oe1steds - 77. 5. Saturation induction equals 21. 2
Fe
Is related to the melting and processing practices kilogauss at 1300 oersteds (32)
employed. In this respect particular attention should 2.02311 D. C magnetic properties of forging at dlCferent
18 Ni
be given to Sections 1.08, 1.094 and 4.01. By very
careful control of the melting and processing technique!
temperatures, Table 2. 02311. 9 Co
lt Is possible to reduce the amount or banding and to TABLE 2. 02311
mlnlmlze lte deleterious effects on the transverse Source
5 Mo
(22, p. 118)*
properties of heavy sections (12)(13).
1.094 Isothermal embrittlement. This steel may be Allcv Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-_Tl..Ai Ti
severely embrittled by certain high temperature
thermal treatments lnvol ved in processing and
CVM, 1500F, 1 hr, WQ + 900F AI
Condition 3 hrs Rc=51-53
fabrication. The most severe embrittlement results
from prolonged exposure in the temperature range *Induction <Bti~/or H=250
1500 to 1800F following heating to 2200 to 2400F and Is oersteds - ogauss
18 Ni
caused by the precipitation of TICN particles at
0. 014 Inch Thick
Maroging
austenite bounrlarles and the marked coarsening of the
austenite grains during high temperature beating (14).
Test Temp- F SolldR!ng Laminstions (300)
This condition would be encountered lC the alloy Is 72 17.6 18.1
allowed to cool very slowly following prior hot-working. 300 17.4 ----
For this reason hot-working should be followed by as
rapid an air cool as posslble.(14)(15). Heavy sections
500
ROO
16.8
15.1
----
15.0
wolded by high hel\t Input process may also exhibit this *Tested in accordance with ASTM A341-64 Cor solid
embrittlement. and ISDllnated Rowland ring samples.
1.095 Hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittles thls
alloy but It exhibits a greater tolerance for hydrogen 2.02312 D.C. magnetization curves for forging tested in air.
than other high strength steels, such as 4340, at Figure 2. 02312.
considerably lower strength levels. This has been 2.02313 Room temperature d. c. magnetization curves for
demonstrated by both tensile tests and static fatigue forging before and after aging at 800F (tested in nlr),
tests. Charging conditions (0. 02 amps per square inch Figure 2. 02313
for 5 minutes) that severely reducd the reduction of 2.0232 A.C. magnetic properties.
area of 4340( Ftu = 230 ksl) have no effect on this grade 2.02321 A. C. magnetic properties of forging at dlfferent
of maraglng steel. Sufficiently severe charging temperatures, Table 2. 02321.
conditions will reduce the ductility of this steel;.
however, recovery by baking Is much more rapid than TABLE 2.02321
observed for 4340 (3)(16)(17). A bake or 24 hours at
400~00F usually restores their full mechanical Source (22, p. 118)*
properties (3). Electroplating and acid chemical
Alloy Fe-18Ni -9Co-5Mo-Ti -AI
contouring do not appear to embrittle this steel (18)
(19), though t!peclCic processes should be checked Condition CVM, 1500F, 1 hr, WQ + 900F, 3 hrs, Rc=51-53
by control teste before adoption. Form Fol'lrtnst (tested as 0. 014 Inch thick laminations)
Test Exciting Volt-Ampere Core Loss
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Temperature (For B=10 kilogauss, @ 500cps) watts/lb
F volt-amp/lb
2.01 Thermal Properties
72 285 116
2.011 Melting range approximately 2600 to 2650F.
300 294 118
2.012 Phase changes. Alloy transforms to martensite on
500 308 119
slow cooling from annealing temperature. 118
800 336
Ms = 300F and Mr = 200F approximately; these
:cmpcratures depend on the alloy composition (7).
Austenite reversion occurs on averaging which depends
* Tested in accordance with ASTM A343~0 T wattmeter method
except that ring samples were used.
on time and temperature (20) (see 18 Ni (250)
marnglng steel). Length change from maraglng, which
varies with processing history, is approximately 0. 08 2.024 EmissivitY
percent (3). 2.025 Damping capacity.
2.0121 Time- temperature-transformation diagrams.
2.0122 Austenite-to-martensite transformation curve, 2.03 Chemical Properties
Figure 2. 0122. 2.031 Corrosion resistance.
2.013 Thcrmnl conductivity, Figure 2.013. 2.0311 General. Atmospheric environments, such as
2.014 Thermal expansion. 75 to 900F, 5. 6 x 10~ inch per industrial and marine at~r,,>spheres, corrode the
Inch per degree F (3). maraglng steels 0.0005 to 0.001 .nch per year,
2. 0141 Mean coefficient of thermal expansion from 75F, about half that of normal high strength low alloy
Figure 2. 0141. steels. Static Immersion tests shuw the average
2.015 Specific heat. Figure 2. 015. corrosion rate to be 0. 003 Inch per year In quiet
2.016 Thermal dlffusivity. sea water and 0. 005 to 0. 007 Inch per year In flowing
sea water, both rates being essentially the same as
2.02 Other Physical Properties control samples of 4340 and HY -so steelq. The
2.021 Density. 0. 29 lb J.ICr cu In, 8. 0 gm per cu ern (2)(3)(4). maraglng steels corNde substantially In tap water,
2. 022 Electrical resistivity. Electrical reslstivi!y Increases some neutral salt ~olutions, and some Inorganic anJ
within the indicated ranges primarily with titanium organic acids; howevtr, their corrosion rate Is
content (3). lower than that of low alloy steels ilea treated to high
As annealed at 1500F, 23.6-27.5 microhm -In strength levels. In genr..ral, the maraglng steels
60 - 70 microhm -em should be protected fror. exposure to corrosive
1\laragcd. 3 hours- 900F, 13.8-23.6 microhm -In solutions by some means such as a suitable coating.
35 -60 microhm -em Conventional cathodic protection, as with zinc anodes,
(Typical value at nF. 15. 0 microhm - In is not r~commended because of the danger of hydrogen
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969
2.0312 Stress corrosion cracking. This maraglng steel 3.013 Producer guaranteed mechanical properties for CVM
Fe exhibits better stress corrosion reslslsnce than other sheet, strip, and plate, Table 3, 013.
low alloy high strength steels, such as 4340 heat treated
18 Ni to high strength levels; however, a suitable coating is
recommended (3)(23)(25). Two point loaded beam TABLE 3.013
9 Co type specimens and U -bend specimens tested In
Source (3)
Industrial and marine atmospheres, and In sea water,
5 Mo gave widely varying results (21)(23)(25) which may be !Alloy Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
caused In part by dliferences In processing history.
Ti Delayed failure and increase In the rate of fatigue !condition M.lll annealed + 900 + 10F. 6 hrs
crack growth occur in water environment; however, Form CVM sheet, strip, and plate, L and T
AI the sensitivity to moisture enhanced crack growth ~hickness 1- Inch Under 0.045- 0.065- 0.09(). 0.125- 0.250-
Is less than that for 4340 (24){26)(27)(28). 0.045 0.064 0.089 0.124 0.249 or over
2. 03121 Effect of aging treatment on delayed failure of sheet
18 Ni in distllled water at 70F, Figure 2. 03121. Ftu, minimum - ksl 285 285 285 285 285 285
2. 03122 Delayed failure charact&l'lsLics of plate In distilled Fty, minimum - ksl 275 275 275 275 275
Maroging water at room temperature, Figure 2. 03122. e(O. 5 In) minimum-
275
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
TABLE 3.011
TABLE 3.012
Source AMS (70)
~ Fe-l8NI-9Co-5Mo-TI- AI ;
Condition !GOOF+ 25,AC + 900F 10 3to5hrs AC
Form CVM, sheet, strip, plato . Lor T*
under 0.030- 0.046- 0.066- O.O<l1- 0.126- 0.251- 0.376 !
Thickness, Inch 0.030 0.045 0.065 0,090 0.125 0.250 0.375 or over J
!
Ftu mlnlmum, ksl 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280
Fty, minimum, ksl 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
e, minimum, percent
(0.5 Inch) 1.0
---
2.0 --- --- --- --- -- --
(1.0 Inch)
(2.0 Inches
--- 2.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 --- ---
or4D) --- --- --- 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
*T: !or widths 9 Inches and over; L: for widthe less than 9 Inches.
FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperatures 3. 0213 Effect of annealing treatment on tensile properties.
3.021
3.0211
Tension (see also 3. 027).
Stresr-straln diagrams (see also 3.0311).
3. 02131 Influence of annealing temperature on the tensile
properties of annealed and aged forgings,
Fe
3.02111 Stress-strain curve for annealed and aged bar, Figure Figure 3. 02131. 18 Ni
3.02111. 3. 02132 Influence of annealing temperature on the tensile
8,0212
3.02121
Typical tensile properties.
Producer's typical range of tensile properties, Table 3. 02133
properties of bar, Figure 3. 02132.
Effect of annealing temperature on the tensile proper-
9 Co
,i,' 3.02121. ties or annealed and aged sheet, Figure 3. 02133. 5 Mo
{, .. 3.02134 Effect of annealing temperature and time on the
~ TABLE 3. 02121
; tensile properties of annealed and aged sheet, Ti
i Figure 3. 02134.
Source (3)(4)(29)
' Alloy
3. 02135 Effect of re-solution annealing and aging on the tensile AI
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-'1'1-AI propertiea of sheet subjected to prior austenite
Condition Annealed Annealed + Age reversion treatment, Figure 3. 02135.
1500F, 1 hr 900F, 3 hrs 3. 02136 Effect of resolution annealing time on the tensile 18 Ni
properties of aheet subjected to prior austenite
Ftu- kal 145-170 265-305 reversion treatment, Figure 3. 02136. Maroging
Fty- ksi j 110-130 260-300
e(2 In) - percent 6-15 5-10
{300)
e(1 In) - percent
RA - perc..mi
-
45-60
7-11
30-50
Hardness RC 30-37 50-55
TABLE 3.02122
Source (30)
Allov Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al (Aim Ti 0. 68 weight percent)
Form CVM, 1/2 to 2 Inch diameter rolled round bars, L
Condition 1500F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, 3 bra
Specified Standard Number of
Minimum Mean Deviation Skewness Kurtosis Tests
From 6 to 8 production heats. 0.252 Inch diameter tensile test specimens taken from center to
mid radius locations
Ftu- ksl
Mean 272 272 279 277 272
Minimum 261 261 258 257 259
Maximum 300 291 301 294 285
Standard Deviation 8.7 9.8 14.4 13.7 6.2
3.6 3.5 7.0 6. 7 9.~
e(2 In) -percent
(2.0-5.0) (2. 0-4. 0) (6. 0-8. 0) (5. 0-8. 0) (8.0-10.0)
RA- percent
- - - - 4.1. 5
138.~ ~ 1\
TABLE 3 021424
\ ......./
3.02137 Influence of annealing temperature on tensile
Fe propnrties of annealed and aged billets, Table 3. 02137.
Source (62)
TABLE 3. 021433
Source (42)
Alloy Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-T l-AI
Form CVM Bars, L
Condition and 1500F Anneal + 900F, 1650F AnnerJ + 900F, 1650F Anneal + 900F,
Tl content 3 hrs, Tl = 0,63 percent 3 hrs, Tl = 0. 76 percent 8 hrs, Ti-D. 76 percent
~9 1 1/2 inch diameter 1 1/4 inch d~ameter 1 inch diameter 1 3/16 Inch diameter
,
0. 07 Inch sheet tested In full thickness, fi 25 Inch plate 3. 0272 Fracture toughness (see also 3. 0372).
tested In 0.11nch thickness. 3. 02721 Plane-strain fracture toughness of plate at two
strength levels, Table 3.02721.
4.88
cl-I -t--
TABLE 3.02721
r ..)
-
/ " - - 11.25 Source
AUov
160 o. !!6)
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
D
Diameter
J, e 1.0
lo\5 ~ Form CVM 1/2 Inch olatc CVM 1 - Inch plate
Diameter (,5 Condition 1600F, 1 hr, AC + Mlll Anneal +
Diameter 850F, 3 hrs Age 900F, 3 hrs
D e/D
e
Ft - ksl Mn 242 285
0.375 0.25 1.5 K~ (mean)- ksl In 84.5(a) 51. S(b)
0.500 0.25 2.0 Standar.d Deviation
Ci'- ks!Jili 4.67 2.47
(]'f mean Krc o. 0555 o. 0478
3. 0262 Bearing strength of sheet, 1500F, 12 minutes + 900F, (a) 44 tests (b) 38 tests
3 hours (48).
Longitudinal - Fbru =505 ksl, Fbry =408 ksl.
Transverse - Fbru = 479 ksl, Fbry = 384 ksl. 3. 028 Combined properties.
3.0263 Bearing strength of bar, soc Fl~t~~rc 3. 03613.
3.027 Stress concentration.
3. 0271 Notch properties, sec also 3.0272, 3.0371 and 3.0372.
3. 02711 Room temperature tensile properties and crack strength
for high and low chemistry heats, Table 3. 02711.
TABLE 3.02711
Source (6)
Ftu - ksl 270 ~72 275 266 317 312 318 314
Fty - ksl 267 264 270 262 314 305 314 308
c(4 D) - percont 10 - 14 - li - 11 -
e (2 In) -percent - 6 -
-
6 -56 5 -56 5
RA 59 - 62 30 28
Crack strength - ksl (c) - 205 - 209 - 159 - 138
,.,
.:e
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures 3.03232 Effect of test temperature on the compressive
3.031 Tension properties of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000
3. 0311 Stress-strain diagrams, hours at test temperature, see Figure 3. 03221.
Fe
3. 03111 Typical stress-strain curves for tension at cryogenic, 3.033 Impact.
room nnd elevated temperatures, Figure 3. 03111. 3.0331 Effect of te~t temperature on the impact strength of
18 Nl
3. 0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties. bar, billet, and plates from several heats,
3. 03121 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties of Figure 3. 0331.
9 Co
sheet, Figure 3. 03121. 3.034 Bending.
3. 03122 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties 3.035 Torsion nnd shear.
5 Mo
of sheets from several heats, Figure 3.03122. 3. 0351 Effect of test temperature on shear properties.
3.03123 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties of 3.03511 Effect of test temperature on shear ultimate strength
Ti
plate, Figure 3.03123. of sheet, Figure 3.03511.
3. 03124 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties 3. 03512 Effect of test temperature on shear ultimate strength
AI
of bar, Figure 3. 03124. of plate, Figure 3. 03512.
3. 03125 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties of 3. 03513 Effect of test temperature on shear ultimate strength
bar, Figure 3.03125. of bar, Figure 3.03513.
18 Nl
3. 0313 Effect of aging treatment nnd test temperature on 3. 0352 Effect of time of exposure at elevated temperature on Maroging
tensile properties, shear properties.
3. 03131 EffP<Jl cf aging treatment and test temperature on the 3. 03521 Effect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure
(300)
tensile properties of cold-rolled nnd annealed sheet, oo the shear ultimate strength of shotJt at room
Figure 3. 03131. temperature, Table 3. 03521.
3.0314 Effect of time of exposure at elevated temperatures TABLE 3.03521
on tensile properties.
3. 03141 Effect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure
Source {21 p, 1981
on the tensile properties of sheet at room temperature,
Table 3.03141. Allov Fe-18Nl-9Co-5111o-Tl-Al
0.1 percent creep 220* 204 185 150 110 --- TABLE 3.0513
--- -- ---
--- ---
0. 2 percent creep 175 135 95*
1 percent creep
Values extrapolated
-- --- 180 110
Source 15411661
Alloy Fe-18Nl-9Co-5M o-TI-Al
~orm CVM r~rglngs
3. 043 Creep pro:velii"lll of c;v IIi forgings at 800F and 900F, Condition 1500F, 1 to 4 brt:, AC + 900F, 3 bra
Table 3.013. Method Stress Stress Fatigue Strength
Ratte Concentration at Cycles - ksl (a)
800F 900F
Short AxW 0.8 0.1 Smooth - - 220 145 110 95
Temoerature Transverse Load Kt = 1
DiTection L T L T 130 75 65 60
Notched 280 200
Stress- ksl 130 130 100 100 Kt = Z
Average creep strain at
(a) Values exhibit large ocatter
100 hours - percent 0.85 0.22 3.5 2.8
I t;UI I
..... , 3. 0514 Smooth and notched axial load fatigue strength of 3.06 Elastic Properties
0. 07 Inch sheet at room and elevated temperatures. 3.061 Poisson's ratio(see 18 Nl (250) maraJ;lng steel). Fe
Table 3. 0514. 3.062 Modulus of elasticity.
TABLE 3.0514
18 Nl
9 Co
Source (21, p. 74 - 80, 203 - 206
Alloy Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al 5 Mo
Form CVM, 0. 07 lncb Sheet
Condition Mlll Anneal 1500F + Ao:e 900F 3 Hours Ti
Method Axial Load tSmooth and Double l!.do:e - Notch l
AI
Stress Test Stress Direction Fatigue Strength* at Cycles - ksl
Ratio Temperature Concentration
F 18 Nl
A R 104 105 106 107
40
Maraging
-1.0 RT Smooth L 150 50 42
"' Kt =1 T 140 65 48 40 (300)
Notch K -3 LandT 55 30 26 25
600 Smooth L 90 75 68 65
Kt = 1 T 100 65 57 56
Notch Kt =3 LandT 60 40 35 32
800 Smooth L 85 75 72 70
Kt = 1 T 105 82 64 62
Notch Kt =3 LandT 54 37 31 28
0.98 0.01 RT Smooth Kt =1 T 155 80 58 57
Notch Kt =3 T 72 38 29 27
600 Smooth Kt = 1 T 130 85 82 82
Notch Kt = 3 T 74 34 27 26
800 Smooth Kt = 1 T 140 100 87 85**
Notch Kt = 3 T 72 51 42 36
0.67 0.20 RT Smooth Kt = 1 T 168 72 63 60
Notch Kt = 3 T 88 39 31 30
600 Smooth Kt =1 T 140 92 91 90
Notch Kt = 3 T 77 42 40 40
800 Smooth Kt = 1 T 165 105 97 95
Notch Kt = 3 T 82 54 44 42
embrittlement (see 1.094). Hot forming and bending strengths and toughness should be carefully checked
should be performed at temperatures Wlder 1800F to
Fe prevent grain coarsening. Because of ite low work 4.035
(34) (see also 18 Nl (250) maraglng steel).
Typical IJ"Iechnnical properties and recommended wire
hardening characteristics, tb1s alloy may be cold
18 Nl reduced by substantial amo1Dlte before Intermediate
composll:lona for sheet and plate, Table 4.035.
r nnr: I 0?1=;.
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-18N1-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
60 1-- CVM-ANNEAL 1/4 TO 4 HOURS, AC -
Fe
AGE, 900F, 3 HOURS
18 Ni
50
- 9 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI
~ 1-- ANNEALED
18 Ni
MaroQing
(300)
20
1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 1.063 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE AND AGING
ON HARDNESS. (57)
60 r-------T-~~------T-~r-------.--.--------.--,
Fe-18N1-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al
CVM- 0.05 INCH TlnCK SHEET
COLD-ROLLED AND ANNEALED
e 900F
"f' 800F
750F
48 L-------~--~------~--L-------L-~~------L-~
1cr1 1 10 10 2 10 3
AGlNG TIME - HOURS
FlG. 1.0642 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON HARDNESS OF COLD-
ROLLED AND ANNEALED SHEET. (27, p. 397)
60 r-------~--r-------~~~------~--~------T--,
Fe-18N1-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al
CVM PLATE, 1500F, 1HOUR, AC
52 1-----1- -"".>"f:__-.,,.A----,,j'--11---,,C...--J--+-----t--1
~
gj
l'il
z
948~_.-7~~---=~-+-----4--+-----+-~
~ -. 900F
s5oF
"f'800F
750F
40L-------~--~-------L--~--------L-~~------~~
10-1 10 10 2 103
'! ....
AGING TIME - HOURS
'~ ;IG. 1. 0641 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON IIARDNESS OF PLATE.
(7, I' 23)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE D: SEPTEMBER, 1969
400
Fe Fe-18Ni-9C o-5Mo-TI- Al Fe-18NI-9 Co-5Mo-T I-Al
18
9
Nl
Co
t..
t.:l
c:::
300
.........
--
\
:::>
E-<
-::
/_
5 Mo c:::
t.:l ~
MEAN COEFFICI ENT
Ti ::: 2~0
FROM 75F .A.(3)
t;i
AI
E-<
' 1 l I (21)
200 400 600 800 1000
100
TEJIIPEHA TURE - F
0 60 20 80 40
100
18 Nl TRANSFO RMA'nON - PERCENT
FIG. 2. 0141 MEAN COEFI-1C! ENT OF THERMAL EXPANSIO N
FROM 75F. (3)(21, pp. 109 and 214)
Maraoino FIG. 2.0122 AUSTEJI.'ITE -TO- MAHTENS ITE TRANSFOR MATION
(300) CURVE (7, p. 21)
0.25 . . . - - - - - , . - - - . . . . , . . - - - - , . - - - - ,
t, . 1----+1----t-j-
Fe-18NI-9C o-5Mo-Ti -AI
Fc-J8N I-9Co-fiMo -TI-Al
I
~ 0.15 - - T--~~-----l:ic>"---1
U
t.:l
I l
c..
Ul
28
----1I--I-
----700 F lt;,O G250 250
e:,. nooF
0 r2F AFTER
20. a 7000 250 I
9001'TEST 250 --------- -- ------
2l.G H200
---1!00 F G45 IOU
0 72F AFTi-:H
'If) - llOOF TEST 51.4 10450 1
-----1---- - -
3 (a) Cm:HCIVE FOHCE
-
I
I
'
i
;- ---------r----- r- -i--;
:2 (b) HESIDUAL INDUCTIO N" I ' I
.. J ~
u
Z
:::>
12
_ sEE ASTM STANDAHD S, PAllT R,
SECTION A340-G5.
I I
--:
~ 8 ----- ___ .. _ ..
] ____ . +------ ---- j_ - I i
_
_j ...
:
, I-- j
___ ,_,(' __ L L --+
/ I :
0
10 100 1000
MAGNETI7.JNG FOHCE - OEHSTEDS
FIG. 2.02312 D.C. l\IAGNF.'nZ ATION CUHVES FOil FORGIN'J TESTED II' AIH.
(22, p. 12:)
20
16
Fe-18Ni -9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM FORGING
1500F, 1 HOUR, WQ + AGE BOOF
~
v---- 18
9
Fe
Ni
Co
~
~ 5 Mo
Ti
/-
'~AITER~ v
12 AI
HOURS AT BOOF INlTIAL 7ZF Al'ID AFTER 800F
18 Ni
8 ~ Maraging
(300)
?
k1 /
0
10 20 40 60 80 100 200 400
MAGNETIZING FORCE -OERSTEDS
F1G. 2.02313 ROOM TEMPERATURE D.C. MAGNETIZATION CURVES FOR FORGING BEFORE AND AFTER AGING AT
800F (TESTED IN AlR). (22, p. 123)
~00
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al " 7501'. ~ HOURS
CVM, 0.05 INCH SHEET A BOOF, 3 HOURS
~ 160 , ...
!NAill
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC +AGE e 900F, 3 HOURS
p
0
10 100 1000
TIME TO FAILURE - IIOU!l.
F1G. 2.03121 EFFECT OF AGING TREATMENT ON DELAYED FA!LURE OF SHEET IN
DIITJLLED WATER AT 70F. (27, p. 404)
CODE 1225
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
100
Fe Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVMPLATE e L
5 Mo
Ti
l AI
60
18 Ni
Maraging 40
(300}
20
6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100 200
TiME TO FAILURE- HOURS
FIG. 2. 03122 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATE IN DiSTILLED
WATER AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. (26)
240
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
CVM, SHEET AND PLATE
e 0.04 INCH SHEET, FTY = 279 KSI
ANNEAL + 925F, 3 HOURS .1. 0.16 INCH SHEET, FTU= 262 KSI
200 I I I
~ I I I
I
~REF. DATA
"'"'1<1 ...
I
1':
f-o
"'z 160
~
.... -~
ef-o I 4
I
0
... ...
1<1
"'f-o
~
~
1<1
z 120
~0 .A I I I I
v
4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100
CODE 1225
J VVII
' ..~
~~~ 360
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al F~-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al Fe
CVM, 1/2 INCH PLATE 9 INCH DIAMETER FORGING
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS CVM
Klc =
60 KSI 1/fN 320 - ANNEAL+ 900F, 3 HOURS - 18- Nl
1.0 9 Co
............. -.- ;-- ,_
~- ~ FTU
Mo
'-.... r-
1--1- ~--
-.-- - i-
~
280
- 5
0.9
1--- r-- 240
.. e RADIAL
o TANGENTIAL
Tl
AI
320
18 Nl
~: ..
~ ~ - ~ c;;::]
...... FTY Maroging
-
0.8 280 0
SECT. A-A
eAIR
~ WATER (300)
.1. 3.5 NaCl
SOLUTION
240
0.7 40
10 100
0
1400
1- 1600 1800
e(l IN)
2000 2200
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
350 Fc-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, BAR
1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F,
12 300 3 HOURS
I
:::>
~- ~
E-< FTU
350
"' 250 300
300
Fc-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti -AI
CVMBAR
1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC +
. --.-.., ~
( ~;OF, 3 IIOURS
250
'-....
............... 90 200
~ 200
fj;
I
0
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
STRAIN -INCH PER INCH JNFLUENCE OF ANNEALING TEMPER-
FIG. 3.02132
....... , FIG. 3. 02111 STRESS -STRAIN CURVE FOR ANNEALED ATURE ON TilE TENSILE PROPERTIES
AND AGED BAR.(S) OF BAR. (5, p. 11)
l"'nnF 1??~
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969
Fe
18 Nl 300
9 Co
5 Mo ~ 260
Ti
AI
18 Nl
Maraginv !-< 260
:z; 10
(300) til
g
til
"'
1500 1600
ANNEALING TEMPERAT URE - F
1700 1800 340
F"e-18N1-9C o-5Mo-TI-Al
0.070 INCH SHEET, CVM, L
T
FIG. 3.02133 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPER- ANNEALED 1250F, 2 HOURS, AC +
ATURE ON THE TENSILE PROPER- 320 HE-ANNEAL AT INDICATED
TlES OF ANNEALED AND AGED TEMPERAT URE, 3 HOURS,
SHEET. (57) AC + 875F, 8 HOURS
~ 300
Fru 320
320
1
FL8NL9c L Mo-T1-Al J j ~
"" I
"::::;
- FTU
1800F I 10 280 t><
AFTER 1250F, 2 HOURS, AC: FTU ~
~
FTY =234 KSI, FTY =218 KSI, c (llN) =
280 ...., 320 ...:z; 5 PERCENT
5 260
til
g
-
til
1700F p..
e(1 IN)
FTU 300 0
1500 1600 1700 1800
FTY ..... ANNEALING TEMPERAT URE- F
FIG. 3.02135 EFFECT OF RE-SOLUTION ANNEALING
320 280 AND AGING ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIE S
OF SHEET SUBJECTED TO PRIOR
AUSTENITE - REVERSION TREATMEN T.
(31, p. 59 and 62)
-
1600F
~ 300 FTU
1-
FTY -cr- t--
280 320
0:::::::: t::::: r-
r--.... 'ir---._ 1500F
'(~ ~
FTU- - 300 ~
~
My 280
0.2 0.4 0.6 0. 8 1 2 4 6 10
340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.070 INCH SHEET, L
I -[
Fe
---
ANNEALED 1250F, 2 HOURS, AC + 1500F, TIME
INDICATED AC +875F, 8 HOURS
18 Nl
320
9 Co
r-- r--- t-- 5 Mo
~ r--r
Tl
~I 300 320
~----r--1---t-
AI
t
1---.!_TY 18 Ni
280
AFTER 1250F, 2 HOURS,AC r--:::-I 300 ~ Maraolno
FTU =234 KSI
...
>< (300)
FTY =218 KSI
e(1 IN)-= 5 PERCENT
I ~
10 280
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 4
ANNEALING TIME - HOURS
FIG. 3.02136 EFFECT OF RESOLUTION M'NEALING TIME ON TilE 340~,-------~------~----~~~~----~
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET SUBJECTED TO PRIOR Fe-18Ni -9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
AUSTE~.TrE- REVERSION TREATMENT. (31, p. 59 & 62) CVM, 0.070INCHSHEET, L
MILL ANNEAL 1500F, 1 HOUR,
AC +AGE
340
320
liS
:.:
300 I
...><
~
280
950F
925F
.......
900F
875F
850F 260
e(1 IN)
0 L-~-------L------~----~~~~----~
2 4 6 8 10 20
AGING TIME - HOURS
FIG. 3.021411 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON THE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET. (31, p. 52 -56)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
a4o
v
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al 300
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
Fe CVM, 1/4 INCH PLATE
300 ANNEAL +3 HOURS AG'
18 Nl FTU ~ 280 300
I L/
9 Co :::>
"'"" 260
5 Mo
Ti
260
AI
220 CVM, AC + 3 HOURS. AGE
AGING TIME, HOUR 7
.v
340
1 3 10 240 260
--L
...
18 Nl ~ ---T 0 1:;. [J
300
Maraging 220 240
(300)
260
FTY
~
~
l;l
~
20
e(0.5IN)
---.
"' e(1 IN)
0
BOO 850 900 950
L..._ _..J....:;c(~2-=IN~):....J._ _ _L__ __J AGING TEMPERATURE - F
0
800 850 900 950 1000 nG. 3.021421 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE. (37, p. A-8)
AGING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.021412 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
AND TIME ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED SHEET.
(35)
320
Fc-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
-
0.04 INCH SHEET, T
ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F
300
. -
'_.............-
~
FTU
r----...
~80
v
!.....- ~
e AIR MELT, 0.67 Tl
"
-- ~ 320
-- -
340
300
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
CVM. 1/2INCH PLATE
1-" HOT ROLLED + AGE, 3 IIOUH~
,...........- FTY ~ ~ 300 FTU
340
--
!il l
:.: D-.
:::> L
240 280
r-- -:::.... > "" !il
~
...
E-
"'
"' 260
..!._ -r--.P--
l
.-
FTY
300 :.:
>
I
"'""
""'
so 260
ACVM, 0.61 Ti 0 HEAT A (30)
10 260
(A..'mEALED, FTU = 140 KSI,
FTY =92 KSI) HEAT
HEAT C (30)
1:;.
0. 30
B (- Al) (29)
c(2 IN) ~ 40
~ RA
l;l
~
c(l IN)
"' 0
800 850 900 950 1000
0 AGING TEMPERATURE- F
6 8 10 2(} 30
FIG. 3.021422 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
AGING TIME - HOUR TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HOT
EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES ROLLED PLATE FROM THREE HEATS.
FIG. 3.021413
(38)(39)
OF AIR-MELTED AND CVM SHEET. (36)
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS. ALLOYS
340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
LAB, VAC. INDUCTION MELT L
Fe
0.2 INCH PLATE
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + AGE
18 Nl
L1!
320 340 9 Co
~
~v 5 Mo
~
I
300
.....
__...... v 1--- ~v 320
Tl
AI
I)f.- 1/
v~
E
280
/
v
~
/
-<
r
lA 300
~
:><
""
~
18 Nl
Maraglng
(300)
260
_./
/ 1\ 280
.f
900F
850F
40 " SOOF
""z
r.:l
g
r.:l
il<
20 ' 1'---- :--. r- -~
.
-... ..._
- -...
e(2 IN)
~-
A
.... ~ ., 0
2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100
AGING TIME - HOUR
FIG. 3.021423 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF LABORATORY VACUUM -
INDUCTION MELTED PLATE. (45)
400
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, BAR
1 - 1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC
f-.-
+ 3 HOURS AGE Fc-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
CVM,BAR
300
FTU)
v ~ r-..
35 0 - 1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F AGE
I.
:::>
v /'~ 300
30 0 ...
FTU
.... 350
t 200
~
v / FTY
""
'\ ~ 25 0
:-e
300 ~
v 200 ~ FTY
:::> :><
I
:>< ~
"" 20 0 250 t
~"" ::..
90 100
60
30
,__
- RA
,.
""z
60
RA
--
-- ,... -
r.:l 30
e(4 D) <J
II: c(1 IN)
r.:l
0 il<
GOO 800 1000 0
0.6 4 6 8 10 20 40
AGING TEMPERATURE - F
i~......., FIG. 3.021431 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
AGING TIME - HOUR
TilE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR. FIG. 3.021432 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
(5, p. 12) ANNEALED BAR. (5, p. 12)
t-eUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
,,
\ ..
J:W
Fe Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al
CVM, FORGINGS ( APPROX. 6 INCH
DIAMETER)
18 Ni 300 1500F, 4 HOURS, AC + 3 HOURS AGE
9 Co MAX. FORGING
~p
TEMPERATURE
5 L
Mo e 1950F
- 280 0 2350F _/ / 300
Ti "'
:.::
I
AI ...:::> l
.....-::::1
18 Ni
"' 260
v 280
~
Maro gi ng
(300)
240 ~ 2GO "'
...><
jl 380
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
C Vi\1 FORGINGS
40 240 1500F. 1/2 - 1 HOUR, AC
v 340 +AGE 3 TO 4 HOURS 380
...z ./.RA 4 !-
20
l !il 300
(.) :.:: 340
c:
~
~TU, ~
I
l
"'
e(2 IN)
-........ ...
::..>
0
"' 260
:;; 1-
800 850 900 950 1000 300
AGING TEMPERATURE- F -
FIG. 3.021441 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND
MAXIMUM FORGI!<G TEMPERATURE ON 220 /~ ~TY ~
C ~
260 :..
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FORGINGS. ...
(40, p. 8 and 9) L TAN ST "'
180
~
[J
0
4 IN SQ BAH (38)
~:)THICK DOME (411-
220
so !:>
z...
t.l
(.) 40 -
340 r----r-----.,...----.----, c:
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al l
RA
CVM, FORGING (APPROX. 6 INCH
DIAMETER)
"' 0
300 1500F, 4 HOURS, AC +AGE, L
20
f;l
"' t.l
"'
260 t 0
800 850 900 950 1000
AGING TEMPERATUHE- F
AGING TIME FIG. 3. 021443 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
70 1---+---+-- e 1 HOUR 220 TilE TENSILE PROPEHTIES OF FOHGINGS.
3 HOURS (38)(41)
"' 6 HOURS
...z
l
f;l ~
~ 30 1---+---+---t----1 20 l
~ c(1 IN)
f;l
t.l
0 "'.,
I
400
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al Fe
CVM, 0.155 INCH SHEET
360
1500F, l HOUR, AC + CR +AGE 18 Ni
~I 3 HOURS
9 Co
::>
(,<
r..
320
5 Mo
Ti
AGE
850F 900F AI
280 --L ...
--T l:J. 0
18 Ni
240
Maroging
360
~ (300)
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al :><
(,<
360 r.. 320
CVM, 1500F, 1 HOUR, AC +CR+
3 HOURS AGE
320
280 AGE
850F 900F
!il
:.: L
T
...l:J.
0
240
360
0 20 40 60 80
COLD REDUCTION- PERCENT
320 FIG. 3.02152 EFFECT OF COLD WORK PRIOR TO
AGING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
ANNEALED SHEET. (35)
280
240
400
Fe-18N!-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
CVM SHEET, FINAL TIIICKNESS
(,< 200
z 0.040 INCH
~ 10 ANNEAL 1500F, AC + CR + 900F, ~
360
~
~
p. L 9~
I
~
v
0 20 40 60 80 ~320
COLD REDUCTION -PERCENT
"' v 360
240
10
~
-- ~
~
v 280
~
320 ':..
E-o
"'
~
r--
.
e(2 IN)
0
0 20 40 GO 80
COLD REDUCTION- PERCENT
300
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 1 INCH TffiCK, 5:1 UPSET FORGED PANCAKES
Fe 1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F, 3 HRS
18 Nl 280
,___ 300
FTU
9 Co
5 Mo ::>
{;:: 260 280
Ti
AI ~ FTy I
18 Ni 60 260
E
Maraging
RA
(300) 340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
0.115 INCH CVM SHEET 40 20
ANNEAL + 20 PERCENT HOT
300 I--- ROLLED+ 900F, 3 HOURS -
RADIAL
TANGENTIAL
260
( r---.. e(11N)
10
~
I
FTU ......_
::>
{;:
v
220 0
1700 1800 1900 2000
FORGING TEMPERATURE - F
180 ~~ 260 FIG. 3.02162 EFFECT OF FORGING TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF 5 : 1 UPSET FORGED PANCAKES.
FTY~:>
I 220
380 '
Fe-18Ni"9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
(44. p. 42 and 94)
1/ L
T
.
0
-
~
I
180 :;...
E-<
340
e 0. 20 INCH PLATE -300 LB VACUUM IND HEATS,
15 TON CVM AND 20 TON AIR ELECTRlC ARC7"""'--t----t 380
HEATS; 1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS
"'
~ 300
20
.\ 140
::>
E-<
"'
~
t::
"'
e(2IN) 260 ~-~+---~~~-+----~~~-,_----+-----;300 "'
0
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
ROLIJNG TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.02161 EFFECT OF ROLIJNG TEMPERATURE ON Co Mo
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED, 8.46-9.46 4.68-5.30
ROLLED, AND AGED SHEET. (35)
8 1------t---+
E-<
z 4
f&l
f;l
f&l
p.,
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 .. 2 1.4 1.6
TITANIUM - PERCEbl'I'
FIG. 3.0217 EFFECT OF TITANIUM ON ROOM TEMPERATURE '!'~1-SILE l'
PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED AND AGED SHEETS FROM LABORATORY
AND PRODUCTION HEATS (45)(46)(47)
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS
:{
,,, 28 r---....--------.---- -.---,
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
300 LB LABORATORY VACUUM MELT,
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.035 INCH SHEET
Fa
1/2 INCH PLATE, 1600F,1 HOUR, AC +
AGE
340
ANNEAL 10 MINUTES, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS 18 Nl
9 Co
5 Mo
I
!-< Tl
"' zo r=-.t-t---+----t~"'<:::::'"-+----1
AI
~8 Nl
MaraQino
{300)
270 280 290 300 310 320
FTY -KSI ~ AGEBEFORE
\ 6 u7 NO'l'CHING
;3!
FIG. 3.0232 EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH ON IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF 300 LB LABORATORY 140
VACUUM MELTED PLATE. (62) It
'
1,"
NOTCH RADIUS< 0. 001 INCH
100 L---~------~----~---~-----~
r 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.027131 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON
THE SHARP NOTCH PROPERTIES OF 0.035
IN AGED SHEET. (52)
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
380 0.062 INCH SHEET
IND VAC MELT 35 LB HEATS
50 PERCENT CR + 1500F, 1/4 HR
+ 900F, 3 HRS 34 0
340 Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Co
0. 04 INCH SHEET
9. 02-9.11
CRI+ ANNEAL 1500F. AC + ~GE 900F
I 8.46-9.46
gj 30 0
- +-- 1 -
-
340 I
>< -~-1--...._
FTY r---
!-<
"'26
22 0
9..
"" ?--
260
18 0
""
--
220
0 1.0 A- '---
~
=
!-<
!@
0.8
T
140
- ~-
~
... 1--..
'"'!- Pr~~
f"'
1%: 0
!ri
~
r
8!3!
i;l NOTCHED
zf"' 0.4 I I 1.) AFTER AGE 0 AIR MELT 0.67 Ti -
!-<
=0 NOTCH RAD<0.001
CVM, 0.61 Ti
FATIGUE PRECRACKED
!3z 20
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
4 8 12 16 20 24
TITANIUM, PERCENT
AGING TIME - HOUR
FIG. 3.02712 EFFECT OF TITANIUM ON SHARP
NOTCH PROPERTIES OF ANNEAI,ED FIG. 3.027141 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON THE CRACK
AND AGED SHEET FROM LABORATORY STRENGTH OF AIR-MELT AND CVM 0. 04
HEATS. (46) INCH SHEET. (36)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTE MBER ,I969
340
400
Fe Fe-18NI- 9Co-5Mo -TI-Al
CVM, 0.115 INCH SHEET
18 Ni 1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE, 900F
300 360
9 Co FTY AVERAGE T
Ill 260 OF
5 Mo :.: LAND T
L
I
280 ~ 320
tJ
~
Ti !-< I
AI "" FATIGU E
CENTER CRACK,
~
!-<
240 HEAT TREATE D ""280
AFTER 220
18 Ni CRACKING
Maraging 200 180
(300)
160
140
~ 120
100
80
0 2
~ 60
4 6 8 10
AGING TIME - HOUR
FIG. 3.027142 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON SHARP NOTCH
PROPER TIES 0.115 INCH SHEET. (57)
COLD REDUCT ION- PERCEN T
FtG. 5.027151 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING PRIOR
300 r---. ,...-- --.-- --.,- ---, TO AGING ON CRACK STRENGTH OF
Fe-18NI- 9Co-5Mo -TI-Al SHEET (35)
CVM, 4 x 12 INCH FORGED SLAB
260
I
I
T"' 'T"'
01 CRACKING CVM, 1/2 INCH PLATE, L
~ 120
~ 160
:>:: ' " " . " MnWT "
z~ 80 ~
120
40
80 FRACTURE APPEAR ANCE 80
PERCEN T. SHEAR 100
~ 40
~
1<1
1<1
~ a!
60
1<1
p. 1<1 CENTER FATIGUE
p.
0 CRACK
800 850 900 950 HEAT TREAT EFORE CRACKING
1000 20
AGING TEMPER ATURE - F 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
FIG. 3.027143 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPER ATURE THICKNESS -INCH
ON SHARP NOTCH PROPER TIES OF
FIG. 3. 027161 EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON CRACK STRENGTH
FORGED CVM SLAB. (54) (14)
O.F CVM PLATE. (58)
n~ Vl:it.u; ::iEPfEMBER,1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
I
..... _
.
....~
1.0 .----.-------~---
Fe-18N1- 9Co-5Mo -T1-Al
CVM, liNCH PLATE Fe
!:: MILL ANNEAL + AGE 900F,
r.. 0.8 1---\-,. .., 3 HRS
18 Ni
.....
I'"' ~---__;-
:.:
w
1.5 INCH
1.5 INCJI
2.0INCH
9
5
Co
Mo
Ti
~0 AI
18 Ni
0.2 L---.. .1....! .....--L ---l--- -.J
Marog ing
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 (300)
11/~2
FIG. 3.027173 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK SIZE
AND SPECIMEN SIZE ON THE
CRACK STRENGTH OF CVM PLATE.
(GO, p. 31)
320 r-----r-----r-----r-----r
-----~----~----~--~
Fe-18Nl- 9Co-5Mo -T1-Al
-100F
CVM, MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900F, 3 HOURS
280 EXPOSURE TIME - 1/2 HOUR
320
Fo-18Nl- 9Co-5Mo -T1-Al
CVM, 0.4 INCH PLATE
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F,3 HOURS,
280 AC ~
p ~ I lOOOF
r\
~
~
~ 1Gor---~r----~----~~~-t--~~~
--4-----~--~
240 ~
20 0
NOTCHSTRENGTHl~
\ SURFACE CRACK
HEAT TREATE D
BEFORE CRACKING
-
L T FTY T1
16 0
,. 300 KSI
A 265 KSI
0.82
0.65 I\
120
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
CRACK LENGTI! -2c o. 006
0.002 0. 004 0. 008 0. 010 o. 012 0.014 0.016
FIG. 3,027172 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK LENGTH ON STRAIN -INCH PER INCH
CRACK STRENGTH OF CVM PLATE AT TWO'fl FIG. 3.03111 TYPICAL STRESS -STRAIN CURVES FOR
LEVELS . (59) TENSION AT CRYOGENiC, ROOM
AND ELEVAT ED TEMPER ATURES . (21, p. 65)
~';' I VVII
f.:
r
'"';
r
/.
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
v,;
~~
(,
f':
~.
~ Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mc!.Ti-Al
Fe ~
I'
rt 300 CVM, 0. 07 INCH SHEET
340
v
v 18 Ni " MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900 F, 3 HRS
~~
EXPOSURE TIME- 1/2 HOU~
i:
f 9 Co
~
r 5 Mo 260 300
fJ ~ FTU
~
Ti
~
~
::>
AI E-o
~
220 r\ 260
~
18 Ni
Maraging
(300) 180
e
o
L
T
~
~ \ 220
10
\ ~ 180
)
u .... tD
e(2 IN)
v
0
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEET. ( 21, p. 162 - 165)
340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.060 TO 0.125 INCH SHEET
300 AGE 900F. 3 HOURS
L
fJ 260 300
::>
E-o
~
220
260
fJ
;..
180 220 (;:
~ 10 180
1>1
~
1>1
p.,
0
-200 0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03122 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEETS FROM SEVERAL HEATS. (49)(50)(51)
FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER ,I969 FERROUS AllOYS
... 340
';-
,;1
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5M o-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.25 INCH PLATE
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900F I 3 HOURS
Fe
EXPOSURE TIME - 1/2 HOUR 18 Ni
300 340
9 Co
5 Mo
260 300 Ti
~ AI
I
::.
E-o
220 18 Ni
""' Maraging
000)
0
L
T
180 ~
I
:><
E-o
12
""'
180
320
I
"
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5M o-Ti-Al
CVM, 7/8 INCH DIAMETER BAR, L
~MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900F, 3 HOURS
EXPOSURE 'l'IME - 1/2 HOUR
4 ~----~----~----~----~----~--~ 280 320
~
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
"
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03123 EFFECT OF TEST TEMP:RRATURE ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF PLATE. (21, p.166 -169) 240 !'-.,
......,.....,_
~~ ........, 280
~
I
::.
rt' 200
~
""
FTY
1\ 240
""\
160 200
60 160
RA _../
40
....- 20
..- 1-
-
e(2 IN) -- .....
__.;
0 I 0
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03124 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF BAR. (21, p. 170 - 171)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969
Fe
320
FJ18N1-9Ca-!5Mo-T1-Ai
CVM, BAR
l l
~500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS
18 Ni 280 320
5
9 Co
Mo ~
I 240 .. ..........
..........................
----. FTU
---.......... 280
--
--- 1\
::::>
Ti &: -.
.............
AI 200
FTY I
240 :><
~ &:
18 Ni
Maraging 160 ""-\ 200
(300)
90
\ 160
/'
-
70
f-o
--- r-
RA ../
z
~
~
t) ~
= tV
t)
~
-
~ 50 20
~_....
"'
< --- r-- ., I
= e(l IN)
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03125 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR. (5)
8
e 900F, 3 HOURS
.A. 800F, 3 HOURS
750F, 4 HOURS
0
-200 -100 0 300 400
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03131 EFFECT OF AGING TREATMENT AND TEST TEMPERATURE
ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD-ROLLED AND
ANNEALED SHEET. (27)
rt:un
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLQYS
340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-All
CVM, 0. 07 INCH SHEET
I Fe
260 ' ~~AL 1500F, +AGE 900F, 3 HOURS
18
9
Nl
Co
\\
--....c;
FTU
5 Mo
180 ,. 340
Tl
AI
'
I l
:::>
~ 18 Nl
t: 100 260
----- r--
FTY ' ~
MaraQinQ
(300)
20
HOLD TIME
30 MINUTES
1000 HOURS
L
...
T
0
6 '\ 180
100
~
I
~
~
I
u ~
.. e(21N) p
0
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03142 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEET AFTER HOLDING 30 MINUTES 320
AND 1000 HOURS AT TEST TEMPERATURE (21, p. 162 - Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
165, 196) BAR, CVM, 1500F, 1 HOUR,
AC + 900F, 3
240 r-----~----~------4-~~~HOURS, AC 320
160
~
I
HOLDING TIME
0 80
e 30 MINUTES
A 200 HOURS
e(4D)
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.03143 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ONTHE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF CVM BAR AFTER HOLDING 30 MINUTES AND
!\. ... ~ 200 HOURS AT TEST TEMPERATURE.(51)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I96 9
320
\___
Fe Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
RT
18 Ni CVM, MILL ANNEAL 1500F, + AGE 900F,
3HOURS
9 Co EXPOSURE TIME-1/2 HOUR
5 Mo 240
GOOF
Ti
AI
18 Ni
~
Maraging I
160
(300) !Z
!:l
lri
COMPRESSION
0 ~----L-----~--~----~----~----~----~--~
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
STRAIN -INCH PER INCH
FIG. 3. 03211 TYPICAL STRESS -STRAIN CURVES FOR COMPRESSION AT ROOM AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.(21, p. 66)
300 ,.---...,..---~---.,----..,....----,
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
CVM, 0. 07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL, 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 HRS
300
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
~
CVM, 0.25 INCH PLATE, T
~L ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F,
260 3 HO_URS
Fey
~ 1\..
~ 220
140
EXPOSURE TIME
30 MINUTES
1000 HOURS
L T
180 \ \
EXPOSURE TIME - 1/2 HOUR
140 I I I
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
. TEST TEMPERATURE - F
I.
. FIG. 3.03221 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE FlG. 3. 03222 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF SHEET. (21, COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF PLATE. (21,
p. 172 - 174, 197) p. 1'/5 - 176)
.
reuH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
;) : 300 22or-----~----~------r-----~-----,
\.........,.... Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 11/2 INCH DIA BAR, L CVM, 0.25 INCH PLATE, T
Fe
!IfiLL ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F, !IfiLL ANNEAL, 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 HRS
260 t----l---"-=-l---+-----t3HRS 18 Ni
9 Co
220
5 Mo
40
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
BILLET, BAR, AND PLATE
ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F, 3 HOURS
FTY
30 L T FORM ~ L T REFERENCE
0 7/8 IN PLATE AlR 285 KSI 287 KSI fl, p. 34)
}
5 IN SQUARE CVM 285 KSI
11/2 INRD CVM 298 KSI (42)
7/8 INRD CVM 279 KSI (21, p. 201)
"'~20
I
,
~ Cf
-<
Is.
10
_.,./!
li /
y IE CHARPY
v
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 GOO 800
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEUATURE ON THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF
BAR, BILLET AND PLATE FROM SEVERAL HEATS. (7)(21)(42)
220 r------.------.------.,------.--------.
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F, 3JffiS
180
i
220 r------r------.,-----~------~----~
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al
CVM, 7/8 IN DIAMETER BAR, L
MILL ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HRS
EXPOSUUE TIME L T
100
30 MINUTES
1000 HOURS
... 0
6
~----~----~------~-----T------, 550
Fe Fe-1BNI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
18 Ni MILL ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F,
3 HR 500
9 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI ~
450 400 I
18 Ni .
s
II
Maroging 400 350 ~
.2.
(300) ~ :::
G' ~
..; 350 300 f;j
II
In
~
.2.
::: 2BO
E-< 300 250
o e/D=2.0
z0 e/D= 1.5
f;j
E-<
en
e/D
,
L T
"
250 2.0 200 OL-----2-0L0----~4L00~--~60~0~--B~0~0 2 BO
1.5 0
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03613 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
200~----~----~------~----~----~ BEARING STRENGTH OF BAR. (52)
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03611 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON BEARING
STRENGTH OF SHEET. (21, p. 1BG - 190)
~----~----~~----~----~------,550 ..--------.. I '\..--.,.-----------""" T------------. 7 ~o
Fe-1BNHlCo-5Mo-Ti-Al Fe-lBNi -9Co-5Mo-TI-AI
CVM, 1/4 INCH PLATE CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F, 2 HOURS MILL ANNEAL, 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HRS
EXPOSURE TIME - 1000 HOURS
700 1------
450
lil
~
400 ..
s
II
~
,
.E:_
.2.
G'
..;
II
500
"--
1------
~ 400 350 15 0
~ '.2.
f;j :::
G' E-< E-<
~ 350 1----'l"""":::---t--- ""t'r----P-..-----f 300
en ~
f;j
~ E-<
en
:::
E-< 300 1----+----t-----11"' <:---1--"<----'>-1 250
~ 300 1------ L T
~
SPECIMEN THICKNESS 0.1 e/D
,,i INCH 2.0
r
i. 250 e/D T 200
1.5 "' "
0
(.
~. 2.0 "
1.5 0
L---'""'"'
~~-
200
( 'l .
""':'/
360 r - - , - -....---r---r---;;---,
;: Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
J
CVM,0.05 INCH SHEET Fe
CR + 1500F, 1 HOUR, AC
+AGE 18 Ni
9 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI
240 18 Ni
180 r---_,-----r----+---~r----+--~ Maroglng
600~----~1~---r------------r------------, (300)
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti- AI
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HRS
500 !--=.....:..~,
FATIGUE PRE-
CRACKED AFTER
e 900F, 3 HRS AGING
A SOOF, 3 HRS
400 "" 750F, 4 HRS
~
60~-~--~-~--~--~-~
::> -200 0 200 400
I':
"'
(<.
300 TEST TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
CRACK STRENGTH OF SHEET AGED AT
... THREE TEMPERATURES. (27)
v'-
- 200
"
~ .....
100
c/D=1.5
EXP TIME L T
30 MINS
0 ... 340 r-----~----~~----~----~----~
Fe- 18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
1000 HRS
0
" CVM, 1 1/4 INCH PLAfE
1500F, 1 HR, AC + AGE, 3 I!RS
300
~----~/~--~------------~------------'100
HEAT TREAT
BEFORE FATIGUE
CRACKING
18
Fe
Nl
350 r-----.------r----~r-----.------.-----,
Fe-18NI-9Co5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, PLATE AND BAR
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 HOURS
I l
9 Co aoor--~~~~----,_----+-----+-----r---_,
~~
5 Mo
Ti
250~--~---~-~~~--~--~--~
BAR~~
AI
18 Nl e 1.5 IN DIAMETER
A 0,25 IN PLATE, T
Maraging
(300) 320
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
80~--4----+=--=~==~===---~
MILL ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F,
~240r---~-----+-----+~--~----~
3 HOURS
x-
~
I
><
rt A L
A T
40 ./
Jl 600 :c: ILO
1601----1- +---t----1 200 0
4
4 6 8 10 20 40 GO
MAXIMUM STRESS INTENSITY
K - KSI;/INCH
FIG. 3. 0521 INFLUENCE OF STRESS INTENSITY
FACTOR K AND TEST ENVIRONMENT
ON FATIGUE -CRACK PROPAGATION
'
I IN SHEET AND PLATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE. (28)(69)
f
FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS
30
~.~.
400~------~--------~------~
.-iJ, Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al TENSION
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVMBAR Fe
lSOOF, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F,
34 26 ~
0
3 HOURS 18 Ni
0
....
0 9 Co
I
r.:l 5 Mo
0
~ 30 22 ~ Ti
g
;: ~ AI
Cl
r.:l
~ 26 18
100 ~------~------~~~--~~
18 Ni
...<rn Maroging
(300)
L T
22 OL-------~------~U---~
....
0 0. 07 IN SHEET (21)
0 10 20 30
6 0.25 IN PLATE (21)
... 7/8 INDIA BAR (21) 1000 KSI
BAR (5)
18 L-----~----~------~----~------~----~
FIG. 3. 0641 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES AT
ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPER-
400 600 800 1000 ATURE FOR ANNEALED AND
-200 0 200
AGED BAR. (5)
TEST TEMPERATURE-F
FIG. 3.0621 STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODUIJ FOR TENSION AT
CRYOGENIC, ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.
:C (5)(21, p. 162 - 171, 202)
~.
34 r-----~----~----~----~----,
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al COMPRESSION
CVM, SHEET, PLATE AND BAR
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 !IRS
30
, ,
..
~
0 26
0
....
0
L T
22
0 0.07 IN SHEET
6 0.25 IN PLATE
... 1.5 IN DIA BAR
18
0 200 400 600 800 1000
~
\] RT-
1650F, 1hr,+CR+900F, 3hrs "'
34
0~
1650F, 1 ,+CR+1650F, 1hr +
900F, 3hrs SOOF
).
~ 200
Bl F
~5 F : \ [\
~
1000F
100
TENSION
22L-----~----~----~--~ 0
0 W U W M 0 10 20 30
COLD REDUCTION - PERCENT 1000 KSI
F1G. 3. 0623 EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON STATIC F1G. 3.0651 SECANT MODULUS CURVES AT ROOM
MODULI AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FOR
(53) ANNEALED AND AGED BAR. (5)
FE'RROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
of the two stabilized 188 steels, Type 321 and Type 347, 1.05 Heat Treatment
In which other elements combine with carbon. The mechan 1.051 Anneaf:'""'iype 301, 1950 to 20SOF, Type 3021 1925 to
lcal properties of the straight and special 188 steels dlf 2075F, 1 hour per Inch thickness, water quench, cooling
"""' fer only slightly. However, at the low composition end, to 800F should occur within 3 minutes maximum.
the properties are considerably Influenced by a relatively 1.052 Solution treat. Same as anneal.
small difference In the nickel content. The austenitic sta 1,053 Stress relief
blllzatlon by nickel becomes complete only at high nickel 1.0531 To Improve the elastic characteristics and to Increase
content and austenitic stainless steels transform on cold the compressive yield strength of cold worked conditions,
work, to an extent determined primarily by the nickel con heat to 400 to 800F, 8 to 36 hour maximum, respectively.
tent. From this lnstablllty Type 301 derives the capacity 1.0532 After forming to prevent stress cracking. Full 'anneal, or
to he strengthened by cold work to an exceptional extent, alternatively, 600F, 30 minutes to :1 hour. Full anneal
and It Is used primarily In varlou cold worked conditions. Is mandatory where certain corrosive media, such as
To utilize this capacity, to Its full extent, cold work should hot chloride, may lead to stress corrosion cracking.
be followed by stress rellevlng at 400 to 800F. This stress 1.054 Alloy can be strengthened only by cold work, see 1. 06.
relief particularly Increases the compressive yield strength
In the longitudinal direction, and results In reduced dlrec 1.06 Hardness
tlo~allty and Improved elastic behavior. In the cold worked 1.061 The strength of sheet obtained by cold rolling depends
condition Type 301 Is also somewhat superior to other gra largely upon the chemical composition, particularly the
des In regard to formability at any given strength level. nickel and carbon contents. Effect of rolling re
Type 301 and Type 302 are combined In writeup because ductlon and composition on tensile properties of 300
they differ only slightly and complement each other. Type Series Steels, Fig. 1.061.
,;~... 302 Is Inferior to Type 301 In strength, but exhibits slight 1.062 Further Increase In strength, particularly b1 the Jon
ly better corrosion resistance. However, it is tnlerior, In gltudlnal compressive yield strength, Is obtained by
the latter respect to the low carbon grades Type 304 and stress relief.
Type 304 L. Type 302, used primarily In the annealed con 1.063 Percentage cold reduction and corresponding tensile
dltlon, Is the most popular austenitic steel for general pur strength for various tempers of Type 301 and Type 302,
p:>ses and for corrosion and heat resistance applications. Table 1. 063.
The family of straight 188 steels also Includes Type 303 TABLE I 063
and Type 305. This distinction of types by AlSI Is rather Source (49)
arbitrary and not followed by the AMS Specifications, Tvne TYPe 301 ype 302
which also establish different composition limits for Percent cold Ftu"'rang Percent cold Fturang<
different products and conditions. Desired strength Temper
eduction-range ksl eductlonranae ks~-
properties for the harder tempers nf this alloy can be 711 125155 2022 125150
l/4 hard
met only by compositions within the Type 301 range and 1821 150180 3033 150170
l/2 hard
possibly only by narrowing the :lmlts. Both Type 301 2932 175195 40 170190
3/4 hard
and Type 302 are available In all WniJI!~t forms. Castings 40 190220 50 185200
Full hard
are also produced In similar compositions. Extra full hard 65 240275 . .
CODE 1301
PAGE
FERROU S ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
1.064 Eflect of low test temperature on hardnes of extra 2, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Fe hard cold rolled shee!, Fig. 1. 064.
1.065 Effect of aging temperature on hardness of 67 percent 2.01 Thermal Properties
18 Cr cold rolled sheet, Fig. 1. 065. 2.011 Melting range. 2550 to 2650F,
1.066 Effect of hydrogen environment at elevated temperature 2,012 Phase cllanges occurring In these steels are very
8 Ni on surface hardness ofhalfhard sheet, Fig, 1.066, complex. Heating or cold work may result In some
1.067 A!Sl typical values for hardness, Table 1. 067. transformation or austenite to ferrite (martensite)
simultaneously wfth precipitation of carbides.
TYPE 301 j!>ource TABLE 1 067
2.0121 Tlmetemperat ure:transforma tlon diagrams
10 2.013
TYPE 302 jl,;ondlt
IForm
on
Sheet stri Plate
2.014
Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2. 013.
Thermal expansion, Fig, 2. 014.
jHaraness
Ann 1 4H 2HI"" """" A
2.015 Specific heat, Fig. 2, 015.
Type 301 85 RB 25 RC 32 RC 2.016 Dll'!'uslvlty, Fig. 2, 016,
37 RC 41 RC 165BHN
Type 302 85 RB 25 RC - - - SORB 2.02 Other Physical Properties
Form Rnr WtrP 2,021 Density. 0. 286 lb per cu In, 7. 83 gr per cu ~m.
r.ondltlon HI- 2,022 Electrical resistivity, Fig, 2. 022,
Arn CD Tension Ann Soft Harrl 2,023 Magnetic properties, These alloys are nonmagnetic In
Hardness the annealed condition but become magnetic on cold
Type301
Type 302
- - -
150BHN 212BHN 240 to
-
83 RB 95 RB
- - work. The magnetization Increases with decreasing
nickel content, Effect or composition and reduction
33 RC
277 BH~ on magnetic permeahlllty and tensile strength of 300
series sheet, Fig. 2, 023,
2.024 Emissivity, Fig. 2, 024.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available 2,025 Damping capacity
1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercial range of sizes
and conditions for various forms as follows: 2.03 Chemical Properties
1.0711 Type 301 sheet and strip, annealed, 1/4H, 1/2H, 3/41-1, 2.031 Corrosion resistance
full H, extra H and stress relieved tempers. 2. 03!1 Genral corrosion resistance of Type 301, like that of
1.0712 Type 302 bar, annealed and two standard tempers.
all oustenltlc stainless steels, Is very high, but It I
1.0713 Type 302 wire, annealed and three standard tempers.
u th~ lower end of the corrosion scale for 188 steels,
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice Type 302 Is slightly superior to Type 301.
2.0312 lntergranular attack In corrosive media Is pronounced
Electric furnace air melt, Induction and consumable
electrode vacuum melts and remelts are at so available. If these steels are sensitized by slow cooling through
or by exposure at temperatures between BOO ar.d 1600F.
Ann~.allng wlll eliminate this sensitized condition.
1.09 ~i!!_Con~<!_eratlons
1.091 The effect of cold work on the properties of these steels, Effects of exposure temperature and time on average
particularly of Type 301, depends to a conslderat.le corrosion rate In balling nitric acid of cold rolled
extent on the content or nickel, carbon and possibly sheet, Fig, 2, 0312.
2.0313 Stress cracking may he pronounced In these steels In
other elements, as well as on not well recognized
processing conditions, such as speed and temperature or the formed condition, If high residual stresses .are
rolling. Materials can he obtained for special require present. The tendency or stress cracking depends
menta to closer composition limits than those listed In primarily on the value or tensile strength developed.
specifications, In order to secure higher uniformity In Severely formed parts, particularly In the harder
properties cr performance on fabrication. tempers or Type 301, should he Immediately annealed
1.092 Cold rolled sheet In these alloys exhibits a very pronounced or stress relieved to prevent cracking,
2,0314 Stress corrosion cracking may occur In certain media,
directionality. While the tensile strength and tensile
yield strengths are nearly the same In both directions, primarily In hot chlorides, If residual stresses are
the compressive yield strength and compresBive stress present. Under normal atmospheric conditl'lns no
otraln curves are much higher In the transverse than In stress corrosion Is observed, even ln extra h:J:d sheet.
2.0315 Stress corrosion cracking tests under a variety of
the longltudlnsl direction, This condition Is only partly
Improved by stress relief. applied stresses and conditions, Table 2. 0315.
TABLE 2 0315
r-s-ource 41 -p. 12 13
AITOY
TV00301
Form
Sheet
Condition Extra hard Extra hard Full hard
Direction
Applied stress ksl
Stress relief
L
178.5
.-
Stress relief
T
25.9-181.3 28. 9202. 2
Stress relief
T
18.4-128.7 18. 7130.8
Full hard
18.2-127.4
T
1.093 Small amount or cold work during straightening and 2,0316 'll!ese steels are not subject to hydrogen embrlttlement,
handling can raise considerably the low yield strength see !,066.
of annealed material. 2,032 Oxidation resistance Is high up to J600F for continuous
1.094 Heating for long times at 800F and short times at 1600F service and up to J700F for intermittent service.
or slow cooling through this range must he avoided.
1.095 Carburlztng conditions at high temperatrres reduce 2.04 Nuclear Properties
corrosion resistance.
See Type 304.
1.096 Adhering zinc and lead particles, which lead to em- 2.041 Effect of Irradiation exposure on tensile properties and
brlnlernent at elevated temperatures, must be removed hardness of alloy, Table 2.041.
prim to heating.
CODE 1301
PAGE 2
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A
TABLE 2 041
J Source 35,1>.34-;35 Fe
\......./ Allov ype 301
60'}[, cold worked
Tvne 302
Condition Ann Ann 18 Cr
Irradiation temo F 200 . -416 - 200 -
Irradiation exposure - n m~) 3. 9 X IQ9 Cnnrrol 2.0 x 101 &.;trnl 3:-<1 x o9 Control 8 Ni
Test temo- F 423 .T
Ftu. ksl 113.2 98.7 284 391 111.3 95.5
Fry ksl 87.0 as.4 284 300 84.0 33.8 TYPE 301
e, percent 50.0 56.0 8 13 - .
RA,
Hardness
percent
RB
8!.0
94
83.0
94
.
-
-
- -- -- TYPE 302
3.0213 Effect of stress reUef temperature on tensile properties
:;. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
of 60 percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 0213.
3.0214 Effect ~ cyclic exposure stress on room temperature
3.01 Specified Mechanical Prope:tles
tensile properties of 60 percent reduced sheet exposed
~.Oil AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011.
at 600F and 900F, Fig. 3.0214.
TABLE 3 011
S'lilr.:e AMSCI AMS/2 AMS/3 AMSC4 AMS/5 AMSi6 AMS/7\ AMS/8 AMSC9l
A!lov Tvnes 301 and 302
For.m Casting
Sheet, strip, plate Sheet, slrip Bar Wire coU(b) prec.lnvest.
Condition ST+CD Spring
Thickness - in
HR+ST
< :?
CR+ST 1/4 H
;!;
J/2 H
>
Full H
s >
ST+CD +700F temoer
!i0.009 to
- ST
CODE 1301
PAGE 3
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
.---- --,3, 0311 4 Stress- strain curves for Type 301 extra bard 3,03212
and extra Stress- strain curves In compre ssion for Type
301 full
Fe bard stress relieve d sheet at room and elevate
d temper a bard and full bard stress relieve d sheet at room
and
tures, Fig. 3. 03114. elevate d temper atures, Fig. 3,03212 .
18 Cr 3,0312 Rolling effects on tension proper des 3.03213 Stress- strain curves In compre ssion for Type
301 extra
3.03121 l!ffect of cold rolling on tensUe proper ties of bard and extra hard stress relieve d sheet at room
Type 301 and
8 Ni sheet at room temper ature and -320F, Fig.
3,0312 1. elevate d temper atures, Fig. 3,03213 ,
L---- ---'3 .031 22 l!ffect of percent reducti on 011 tensUe proper 3.0322 l!ffect of test temper ature on compre ssive yield
ties of sheet strengt h
tested at room temper ature and -423F, Fig. of Type 301 anneale d sheet, Fig. 3, 0322.
3,0312 2.
TYPE 3013. 03123 l!ffect of low temper atures and percen t cold
reducti on on 3.0323 l!ffect of test temper ature and test directio n
on com
tensUe propert ies of sheet, Fig. 3, 03123. presslv e yield streugt l: of Type 3011/2 hard
TYPE sheet, Fig.
302 3,0312 4 l!ffect of low rolling temper ature on tensUe 3.0323 .
propert ies
at room temper ature and 320F of reduced sheet, 3.0324 l!ffect of test temper ature on compre ssive yield
strengt h
Fig. 3.03124 . of 45 percen t and 60 percent reduced sheet,
Fig. 3.0324 .
3.0312 5 l!ffect of low rolling temper ature on tensUe 3.0325 l!ffect of test temper ature and exposu re time
propert ies at on com
room temper ature and 423F of 10 percen t reduced presslv e yield strengt h of 60 percent cold reduced
sheet, sheet,
Fig. 3. 03125. Fig. 3.0325 .
3,0312 6 l!ffect of rolling temper ature on tensUe proper l!ffect of test temper ature, test directio n and
ties at =~s
room temper ature and 423F of 65 percen t reduced relief on compre ssive yield strengt h of Type
301 full
sheet, Fig. 3.03126 . hard and extra hard sheet, Fig, 3,0326 ,
3.0313 Prior exposu re and strain rate effects on tension 3.033 Impact
proper
ties. 3.034 Bending
3.03131 l!ffect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding 3.035 Torsion and shear
on tensile propert ies of Type 301 1/2 bard sheet, time 3.0351 Effect of test temper ature on shear strenst h
Fig. of Types
3.03131 . 301 and 302, Fig. 3. 0351.
3,0313 2 Effect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding 3.0352 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time
tlmft on shear
on tensile propert ies of Type 301 3/4 bard sheet, streogt b of 60 percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig.
Fig. 3, 0352.
3,03132 . 3.036 Bearing
3.0313 3 Effect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding 3,0361 Effect of test temper ature on bearing propert
time ies of Types
on tensile propert ies of 45 percen t reduced 301 and 302 sheet, Fig. 3. 0361.
sheet, Fig.
3,03133 , 3,0362 l!ffect of test temper ature and exposu re time
3.0313 4 on bearing
Effect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding proper ties of 60 percent cold reduced sheet,
time Fig. 3.0362 .
on tensile propert ies of 60 percen t reduced sheet, 3,037 Stress concen tration
Fig.
3.03134 . 3.0371 Notch proper ties
3.0313 5 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time 3,03711 Rolling effects on notch propert ies
on tensile
propert ies of 60 percent cold reduced sheet, 3.03711 1 Effect of rolling temper ature on notch strengt
Fig. 3.03135 , h at room
3.03136 l!ffect of test temper ature and prior exposu re temper ature and -423F of 65 percent reduced
on tensile sheet,
propert ies of 34 percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03711 1.
Fig. 3. 03136.
3.0313 7 l!ffect of test temper ature and prior exposu 3.03711 2 Effect of low rolling temper ature 011 notch streogt
re on tensile b
propert ies of 51 percent cold reduced sheet, room temper ature and -423F of 10 percent reduced at
3.0313 8 Fig. 3.03137 .
Effect of test temper ature and prior exposu re sheet, Fig. 3,03711 2.
on tensile 3, 037113
propert ies of 60 percent cold reduced sheet, BUect of low temper ature and percent cold reducti
Fig. 3.03138 . on
3.0314 Stress relief effects on tension proper ties on notch streugt h of sheet, Fig. 3. 037113.
3,03141 l!ffect of test temper ature, test directio n and 3.03711 4 Effect Ollow temper ature on notch streugt h
stress of various
relief on tensile propert ies of Type 301 full percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03711 4.
hard sheet,
Fig. 3.03141 . 3.03711 5 Effect of reducti on on notch strenst h of sheet
3.0314 2 tested at
BUect of test temper ature, test directio n and room temper ature and -320F, Fig. 3.03711
stress 5.
relief on tensile propert ies of Type 301 extra 3,03711 6 Effect of reducti on on notch strengt h of sheet
hard sheet, tested
Fig. 3. 03142. . at room temper ature and 423F, Fig. 3,03711
3.0314 3 6.
Effect of stress relief and test temper ature 3. 03712 Prior exposu re and rate of loading effects on
on tensile notch
propert ies of cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3.0314 streugt h
3.
3.0315 Elevate d test temper ature effects on tension 3.03712 1 Effect of test temper ature and prior exposu
pro_per ties re on notch
3,03151 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper proper ties of 60 percent cold reduced sheet,
ties of T)pe Fig. 3,03712 1,
301 1/2 hard sheet, Fig. 3, 03151. 3,03712 2 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time
3.0315 2 on notch
BUect of test temper ature on tensile proper streogt b of 60 percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig.
ties of 60 3. 037122.
percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3, 03152, 3.03712 3 Effect of test temper ature and prior exposu re
3.0316 on notch
Low test temper ature effect on tension proper proper ties of 34 percent cold reduced sheet,
3.03161 ties Fig. 3. 037123.
BUect of low temper ature en the tensile proper 3.03712 4 l!ffect of stress concen tration !actor, temper
ties ature and
of anneale d bar, Fig. 3.03161 . loading rate on notch streogt b of extra bard
3,0316 2 cold rolled
BUect of low test temper ature on tensllc proper sheet, Fig. 3. 037124 .
ties
of 40 percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 03162. 3,03713 Stress relief effects on notch strengt h
3.03163 Effect of low test temper ature on tensile propert 3. 037131 llffect of stress relief and low test temper ature
le on notch
of 50 percent reducff i sheet, Fig. 3. 03163, streogt b of Type 301 sheet, Fig. 3. 037131.
3,03164 Effect of low test tem~erature CHI tensile proper 3.03714 Crack effects on notch strengt h
ties
of 40 percen t arxl 60 percent reduced sheet, 3.03714 1 Effect of test temper ature on net fractur e stress
Fig. of full
3,03164 . hard sheet, Fig. 3.03714 1.
3.03165 Effect of low test temper ature on !ensUe proper 3.03714 2 l!ffect of percen t cold reducti on on edge cracked
ties of propen les
60 percent cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3, 03165. of sheet at room temper ature aod 110F,
3.0316 6 Fig. 3,03714 2.
Effect of low test temper ature and thickne ss 3, 03715 Low test temper ature effects on notch streogt
on tensile h
propert ies of 60 percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03715 1 l!ffect of low test tempna ture on notch strengt
3, 03166. h of 60
3,03167 Effect of low test temper ature CHI tensUe proper percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03715 1.
ties 3, 037152
of extra hard cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3, 03167. BUect of low temper ature on notch stretlf':lh
of extra hard
3,03168 BUect of low test temper ature and melt mhod cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3, 037152,
on 3.03715 3
tensile propert ies of 70 percent reduced sheet, l!ffect of low test temper ature on notch streugt
Fig. h of 40
3,03168 . percen t and 60 percen t reduced Type 302 sheet,
Fig.
3,032 Compre ssion 3.03715 3.
3,0321 Stress- strain diasram s 3,03715 4 l!ffect of low test temper ature on notch streogt
h of 50
3.03211 Stress- strain curves In compre ssion for Type percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 037154
301 3,03715 5
anneale d sheet at elevate d temper atures, Fig. l!ffect of low test temper ature on notch streogt
3. 03211. h ol 40
percen t reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03715 5,
CODE 1301
PAGE 4
Fe A
REVISE(): MARCH 1965 FERROUS 'ALLOYS
3.037156 Effect <1low teat temperature and lhlclmeas 1111 notch elongatiaa <1 Type 301 permits pa>.ticularly severe
atreugth <160 percent reduced sheer, Fig. 3. 037156.
Effect <1low teat temperature 1111 notch atreugth <1 70
formlng In certain operatloaa, such as bending, stretch
forming and deep <L-awing. On the other b&Jd, their
Fe
3.037157
percent reduced vacuum melted sheet, Fig. 3.037157. hlgb rate <1 strain budenlng leads to a large apringback, 18 Cr
3.037158 Effect <1low teat temperature 1111 notch atreugth <1 70 to a pronounced teodency to bucl:le and wrlnl:le under
percent reduced air melt sheet, Fig. 3. 037158. compressive atrslns, and to coaalderable dliticultles In 8 Ni
3.0372 Fracture toughness remOq distortions. 'Ibf'&e cbaractert811ca call for
3,03721 Effect <1 specimen width oa fracture tougbneaa ol 60 forming tecbn1quea wb1cb lilffer silgbtly from those
percent cold reduced sheet at roam temperature and iiaed for other metals. TJle farmq <1 sheet becomes TYPE 301
-320F, Fig. 3,03721. necessarlly more d1ff1cult with Increasing temper,
3.03722 Effect <1low teat temperature 1111 fracture tougbneaa <1 1/4 bud _abeet can atlll be fabricated readUy by many TYPE 302
60 percent cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 03722. formlng techniques, wblle the forming <1 3/4 bard and
3,03723 Effect ol notch length oa fracture toughness ol 60 percent full bud sheet Ia reatricted prlmarUy to straight
cold reduced sheet at room temperature, -320F aJd bending.
-423F, Fig. 3.03723. 4.012 Bendq
4.0121 Practical bend factors for sheet, Table 4. 0121,
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.041 Creep curves far Type 302 annealed sheet at 1200 to 1600F, TABLF. 4. 0121
Fig. 3.041.
3.042 Sbort time total strain curves for aanealed Type 302 at
1200 to 1800F, Fig. 3.042.
Creep and creep rupture curves for Type 301 1/2 bud 4.0122 Sprlngbacl: greatly l.r.crease11 'With .Increasing temper.
3.043
sheet at 1200 to 1500F, Fig. 3.043. 4.013 Stress cracl:lng <1 deep drawu am spun sheet parts
Creep rupture curves far Type 301 full bud and atre88 occur If the resulting local budenlng and residual
3.044
relieved sheet at 800 to 1200F, Fig. 3. 044. atreseea are hlgb. Such plrt& require Immediate stress
3.045 Creep rupture curves for Type 301 extta bud and stress rellef by full annealing.
relieved sheet at 800 to 1200F, Fig. 3. 045. 4.014 F orgtng. Starting temperature 2300F maximum,
Creep curves for Type 301,60 percent reduced sheet under flnlabq temperature 1500F, minimum.
3.046
cyclic load at 61l0F and 900F, Fig. 3,046.
3.047 Creep and creep rupture curves for Type 301, 60 percent 4.02 Mac:blnl!!g and Grlnd!Dg
reduced sheet at 600F and 900F, Fig. 3. 047. Because <1 their hlgb rate <1 strain hardening 18-8
3.048 Creep and creep rupture curves for 80 percent cold atalnlesa steels require maximum feed at relatively
reduced sheet at 1000F, 1200F and HOOF, Fig. 3.048. low surface apeeaaauri.ng m;;ch'"'"Z operations. Their
hlgb atreugth necessitates the use ol rigid supports
Fatigue Properties <1 both the tools and the work and very sharp tools.
3.05
Their turning speeds are approximately 50 percent ol
3.051 S-N curves In flexure for extra fully bud sheet at low
temperatures, Fig. 3.051. those for mUd carboa steels. A blgbly caacentrated
Low cycle S-N curves for complex welded Joints o1 60 sulfur base on In ample qUantity should be used ss a
3.052
percent cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3. 052, coolant.
3.053 S-N curves for IIIIlaxlal and biaxial sheet for R & 0,50,
Fig. 3.053. 4.03 Weld!Dg
s- N curves for IIIIlaxlal and biaxial abeet for R & o. 10, 4.031 These steels can be readlly welded by all techniques,
3.054
but the weld and beat affected zone becomes susceptible
,, Fig. 3.054.
',.., to lntergranular corroslcin, unless annealed after
welding. For fusion welding, Type 308 electrodes or
3.06 Blastic Properties
3,061 Poisson's ratio flller rod are generally used.
3.062 Mndulua ol elasticity 4.032 Hard tempera <1 Type 301 sheet are unsuitable for
3.0621 Modulus ol elasticity for Type 3011/2 bud sheet at room fusion welding and brazing.
and elevat.ed temperat>trea, Fig. 3. 0621.
3.0622 Modulus ol elasticity In tension for Type 301 full bud 4.04 Heat Treatment
and extra bard sheet, Fig. 3, 0622. 4.041 Orldlzq atmospheres durq annoeling yield eaally
3.0623 Effect <11ow teat temperature oa modulus <1 elasticity remOable ac:ale.
for 60 percent reduced sheer, Fig. 3. 0623. 4.042 Roducing atmosphere during annealing results In a
3.0624 Effect ol teat temperature, strain rate and holdq time very thin scale wb1cb Ia difficult to remove.
on modulus ol elasticity In tension ol 45 percent and 60 4.043 Carburlzing conditions should be avoided.
percent reduced sheer, Fig. 3. 0524. 4.044 Bright annealing Ia fundamentally poaalble In very dry
i 3.0625 Effect ol temper on modulus ol elasticity In tension and hydrogen or farming gas, but difficult to obtain In
; practice.
;_ compression for Type 301 sheet, Fig. 3. 0625.
Zinc and lead particles must be remOed before beating
r 3.0626 Modulus of elasticity In compreaaioa for Type 301 full 4.045
to avoid embrittlement.
bard and extta bard sheer, Fig. 3. 0626.
3.0627 Effect <1 teat temperature on modulus <1 elasticity
In compression <1 45 percent and 60 percelll: reduced 4.05 Surface Treatment
sheet, Fig. 3.0627. 4.051 Cleanq. These steels exhibit maximum corrosion
3.063 Modulus of rigidity at RT, 12.5 x 1o3 1:&1, (50). resistance only wben thoroughly clean, as the corrosion
3.064 Tangent modulus reslatance depeoda on maintaining a thin dense fUm
3.0641 Tangent modulus curves In compression for Type 301 <1 cbromiuma>tlde. Both preventive measures aod remOal
sheet In various conditions, Pig. 3.0641. <1 aU foreign matter from the surfaces by conventional
cleanlng methods prior to any beating are particularly
3.0642 Tangent modulus curves for 60 percent cold reduced
sheet for various exposure times and temperatures, Important.
4.052 Deacallng Ia generally doae In solution ol nitric and
Fig. 3. 0642.
b)'llrolluoric acids. Molten caustic soda baths are also
4. FABRICATION widely used for deacaling. For remOing beavy scale,
sand or vapor blasting should precede picl:ling.
4. 01 Formablilty
4.011 General. Although Types 301 and 302 In annealed coodltlaa
poaaeaa a tenslle strength relatively hlgb compared to
that <1 other ductlle metals, they are readlly formable
because ol. their low yield streugth. ln fact, the hlgb
CODE 1301
PAGE 5
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
280 8
Fe Fe18C<8NI Fe-1 ~r-8NI(TYPE 301)
18
8
Cr
Ni
240
SHEET
8
\ 0,060 IN SHEET
EXTRA HARD CR
u;
~
160 240
c
~6
z
\\
a:
:::> ~
t 120 200 560
""'
80 160
120 ~
u;
480
400
"' ~
..I'--
r---.
400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
~ TEMP- F
"' FIG. 1.064 EFFECT OF LOW TESf TEMPERATURE ON
80
e 301
{ 0.13C-17 .1Cr-6.4NI HARDNESS OF EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED
.a. 0.10C-17.7C r-6.9NI SHEET (32, p. 50)
301} O.IJC-J7.6C
"7
301 r-6.9NI
0 302 O.IIC19.0C r9.0NI 40
56
0 304 0.08C-J9.1C r9.2N1
l> 305 0.06CJ6.6C r-li.ON1 FeJ8Cr-8NI( TYPE 301)
- \
67% CR
0
~ 52 ~ 1-...
,...,,_ ..
\
44 0
AGED FOR 8 HR
2CO
1'-
400 600 800 1000 1200
AGING TEMP - F
REDUCTION - PERCENT FIG. 1.065 EFFECTOFA GINGTEMPE RATUREON HARDNESS OF
FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF ROLLI!IXJ REDUCTION 67 PERCENT COLD ROLLED SHEET (43, p. 125)
AND COMPOSITION ON TENSILE PROPER
TIES OF 300 SERIES SfEELS (II) 8
Fe1'8Cr-8NI (TYPE 301)
0,012 IN SHEET
1/2 HARD
80
z
'
'!!
2
,__
.\ v-...
4 1\ I
56
HYDROGEN ENVIROIINENT
4 HR AT TEMP SHOWN
RTHARDNESS
\l
400 800 1200 !600 2000 2400
TEMPF
FIG. 1.066 EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ENVIROIINENT
AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON
SURFACE HARDNESS OF HALF HARD
SHEET (29, p. 12)
CODE 1301
PAGE 6
REV I SED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A
u:: Fe-18Cr-8Nl / Fe
v
!- 48
u.
g 12~----4------+--~~~~~+------+--~ 18 Cr
a:
:5. 44
8 Ni
a:
!-
u.
fe
;:, 1/
/' TYPE 301
TYPE 302
!;;
FIG. 2,013
4L-----~----~----~----~----~~
-400 0 400
TIIERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
800
TEMP- F
1200
/
/I
v
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301) 32 /;
I
- - TYPES 301, 302, ANN (12)
u. - - - TYPE 301, EXTRA HARD (CR
65\\i) + 750F, 8 HR, (II)
~ 10~----+------+--~~~----,_-----+--,
28
2S 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
a:
fe TEMP- F
2S FIG. 2,022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
i' MEAN COEF LINEAR (11)(12, p. 6-1-1.2)
5: TIIERMAL EXPANSION
FROM R TO TEMP INDICATED
6
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- F
FIG. 2,014 TIIERMAL EXPANSION (14)
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0.16 ANN
v
/
v --
0.14
.... - u::
"'
::l. 0.12 /_
/
a: 240
til rF~.--~18~C~r.~8~NI~--.-----.-----~~
"';:,!- SHEET
"' 0,10
0.08
I SPECIFII HEAT
0.20
v 1-- 304, 19.0Cr-10, 7NI
308, 17.9Cr-Il. 7Ni
Y 310, 24,3Cr-20. 7NI
a:
:c
a: / PERMEABILITY
ATH=200
--
v
til OERSTEDS
L
"'
!-
u.
0.18
101-----+
0' DIFFUSIVITY
"' / I
0.16
- I
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 REDUCTION- PERCENT
TEMP- F FIG, 2.023 EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND REDUCTION
FIG. 2.016 DIFFUSIVITY ON MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY AND TENSILE
(14, p. 20) STRENGTII OF 300 SERlE~ SHEET (22)
CODE 1301
PAGE 7
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
0.8
Fe Fe18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0
.c ::;; 12
18 Cr
0.6 ~ ..-t> "'
Ill
8 Ni "'
~
~
302~
0 24 HR
~_.,...
TYPE
SMOOil!
0 POL SHED
~
""
Ill<
o"'
e 72HR
<Z
0.2
:::- :!/'" o:O
lllfii
4
>o
<a:
p6c FIRST HEATIJIG ~
je& REPEATED HEATIJIG AND COOLIJIG u 0
400 600 800 1000 1200
0
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 EXPOSURETEM PF
TEMP F FIG. 2.0312 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE
FIG. 2.024 EMISSIVITY (40, p. 12) AND TIME ON AVERAGE CORROSION RATE
IN BOILING NITRIC ACID OF COLD ROLLED
SHEET (18)
Fe18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
~STRIP / - - - L,
--L,
TENSION
COMPRESSION
V~L}
--T, TENSION
// - -T, COMPRESSION
/
--; --4., r/"
,
/.
I~)
'/ I k' ,/"
_L.h" IL/ L
;//
I'
tl / t}/
/.1'
~~~
/ ~y
/i
;/ v ,f'/ .11
I,
/f
/
v
/~,. ""
./f' I~t ;'/
I h
,/
'
/
f}
("/L v
J
r
; v I~ v A.v
I I /! I I
r--
I
v FULL HARD
1
r-o.oo2-j
1)/4H v/2H v./4H /ANN
j
STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3.02111 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET AND STRIP COLD ROLLED TO DIFFEREIIIT TEMPER
(20)
CODE 1301
PAGE 8
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA
Fe-18Cr8NI(TYPE llol)
280 SHEET Fe
STRESS RELIEF, 2 HR
6Q%RED 18 Cr
2~r-----t-----~~----~~--~~~
---L, TENSION
Fro
..... ~ -....,
--
--L, C<NPRBSSION
8 Ni
"'TY
~
v-" TYPE 301
200
10 TYPE 302
ffi .___
-
e(21N)
0.008
200
STRAIN - IN PER IN _..,/'
FIG. 3.02112 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET AN>
,.
STRIP COLD ROLLED TO FULL HARD AND
FTY EXPOSURE TEMP 24 HR
BXTRA HARD TEMPERS (11)
e 600F
160 ............ .A. 900F I
CYCLIC !;rdESS EXI'ObaE
~ 10 IS MIN AT STRESS
e IS tiN UNSTRESSED FOR 24 HR
tl
~ .,. TESTED AT RT
lil
:.:
1~
' f'.--... FTY
...
RA
~
r
~
EXPOSED AT TI!MP INDICATED
----.
30MIN
TESTEDATRT
~ 0
"'
u
a:
8:!
20
0
.... e(21N)
-
60 80 400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
REDUCTION- PERCENT TI!MP- F
FIG. 3.0212 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON FIG. 3.0215 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AT LOW TI!MPER-
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET ATURE ON RO<N TI!MPERATURE TENSILE
(28, p. 4,5) PROPERTIES 01' EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED
SHEET (32, p. 26)
CODE 1301
PAGE 9
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEOMARCHI965
OT
\
8 Ni 200
TYPE 301
TYPE .302:n 160
..: FTU
)../ 60
~~~H
/
120
. r = 0.001
80
0 20 40 60 80
REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 3.02711 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING AND
TEST DIRECTION ON NOTCH STRENG1 li
OF SHEET (NASA 1958)
Fel8Cr8 NI(TI'PE 301)
240 0.060 IN SHEET
NOTCH STRENG 1li
.... EXTRA HARD CR
I 200~--------~----~----~--
.... Fe-18Cr8 Ni(TYPE 301) --~
200
FTU
I 0.020 IN SHEET TEST TEMP
-----~- ~
FULL HARD
160
120
EXPOSED AT TEMP INDICATED
30MIN
TErED AT r I
.l-
I' 040
160 (40% RED
AVO OF L, T
v
FeI8Cr8 Nl(TYPE .101)
6()% CR
<'--- 0 FTU
6 FTY
240 0 NOTCH
S RENGTH
?' r'--- K1 = 6.3
200
160
0 15 30 45
ANGLE FROM ROLLING DIRECTI ON DEGREES
60
--
~
~
75
-
90
FIG. 3.03111
0.002 0.004 0.006
STRAIN - IN PER IN
TENSION
0.008
FIG. 3.02713 EFFECT OF ROLLING DIRECTI ON AI\(;LE ON TENSILE FULL HARD AND FULL HARD STRESS
PROPERTIES AND NOKll STRENG 1li OF 60 PERCENT RELIEVED SHEET AT ROOM AND ELE
COLD REDUCED SHEET (48, p. 55) VA TED TEMPERATURES (11)
CODE 1301
PAGE 10
' ,.
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe A
'
~ 280r-----~----~-----r----~
Fel8Cr8NI(TYPE 301)
RT
320
Fel8Cr8NI(TYPE 301) TEST Fe
~ l.J 050 IN SHEET 0.020 IN SHEET TEMP
O%CR EXTRA HARD (65% RED) 18 Cr
RT
240
8 Ni
AVG OF L,T
160
TYPE 301
TYPE 302
!il 0
:.:
240
EXTRA HARD
STRESS RELIEF
750F, 8 HR
!60
IOOOF
TENSION 80
28
Fel8Cr8NI(TYPE 01)
0.060 IN SHEET
EXTRA HARD CR 420F
320F
200
FeI8Cr8NI(TYPE 301)
llOF 320 0.063 IN SHEET
RT
160
!il
:.:
120
80
80
40
~
TENSION Ul
t)
a:
Ul
0..
0
0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0 20 40 60 80
STRAININ PER IN REDUCTION BY ROLLING PERCENT
FIG. 3.03113 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TENSION FIG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON
AT LOW TEMPERATURES OF EXTRA TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TYPE
HARD COLD ROLLED SHEET 301 SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(32, p. 41) AND 320F (18)
CODE 130i
PAGE II
-._....,. ..... ...., ,...._._VI 'tlJ
160
"'
so
20 60 80
--------r----.----,.-=~:-1480
REDUCTION - PERCENT Fe-18Cr-8Ni( TYPE 301)
FIG. 3.03!22 SHEET
EFFECT OF PERCENT REDUCTION R
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET e 20\1\
TESTED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 1--4..--- -1-----1 A 40\1\
AND -423F (24) 60%
70\1\
7
CODE 1301
PAGE 12
~
r:. 1
~eA
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
--r--..
320
L 8 Ni
L
1----+-..--~':lf=--+--=--t 320 iii .__ _ ___,
r-- ~
l;l
w
240
.a.
FTU- il- -r-. 1-:-...---1-----,H---t---1 240 ~ TYPE 302
:..: TYPE 301
160
..
TEST TEMP RIID
80 RT -32
320
.a.
0
A
10
25
0 40
~
v 60
240 0 70
~
160 ~ r--
~ 0
~
~
FTY--
,.,
80 250
ROLI..IKl TEMP -F
~40
-=: /~
...... e(2 IN) FIG. 3.03126 EFFECT OF ROLL~ TEMPERA'IURE
"'0 ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AT Road
~ 0
TEMPERA'lURE AND -423F OF 65
PERCENT RI!DUCIID SHEET (24)
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
ROLLI~ TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 03124 EFFECT OF LOW ROLLI~ TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPER-
ATURE AND -320F OF REDtx:ED SHEET (24)
400
Fe-18Cr-BNI(TYPE 301)
0.100 IN SHEET Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
BEFORE 10% RIID
1-~.:-t---+--+---t- 0,040 IN SHEET 160
320 1/2 HARD lil
0..
r-- ~ ..._ L :00:
0
240
lil
:00:
...t--
..
:
160
80
e R'r
:--
FTY
- r-
- -
-r--.
!= iiOLDIIIO TIME
80 ADO 10 SEC
eo.s HR
+....:..:~+--+-_.:;~~::_.;2""ib
CODE 1301
PAGE Ill
FERROUS ALL OYS REVISED MARCH 1965
Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni
TYPE 301 rn
--~?.~--+----~----_,--,1~~
TYPE 302
t
80
F1C. 3.03!32 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPE RATUR E, STRAIN Fe-1 Cr-SNJ( TYPE 301)
RATE
AND HOLDJN:; TIME ON TENSIL E PROPER 1-""" ':---+ ------ t----- -1---- -+-0.
TIES OF 050 IN SHEET
TYPE 301 3/4 HARD SHEET
(17) STRESS RELIEF 240
800F, 2 HR
4591\ RED
80
STRAIN RATE
e 0 0.30.4 IN/IN/S EC
A 1>. .4 x 10"5.5 x uj-5 IN/IN/S EC
120
HOLDIN:i TIME ~~--~--~~~~
e A 10 SEC
Ot>. 100 SEC
so t-----1-
~10 ~~~----~--~--~r---
~-- ~
"'u
~
~----~200~--~~~--~6~00~--~a=oo~--~~ooo~-
0 o
-1~200
TEMP F
FIC. 3. 03133 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPERA'IUR E, STRAIN
RATE
AND HOLDI!IK; TIME ON TENSILE PROPER
TIF.S OF
45 PERCE NT REDUCED SHEET (28, p, 9)
CODE 1301
PAGE 14
..,_:
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
~--r---~----~---~----~-----,3W
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0,0381N SHEET
Fe
STRESS RELIEF
18 Cr
~~~~--+---4---~-- ~F. 2HR 2 w
6911', RED
8 Ni
L
320 TYPE 3C
TYPE 30
-i-~~~~-t----;200
Iii
I ~
80
STRAIN RATE
e 0 0.3-0.4 IN/IN/SEC
120 .A. t. 5 x 10"5 7 x 1Q5 IN/IN/SEC +---+-'r--'lrl 40
HOLDING TIME
e A 10 SEC
0 t. 100 SEC
40
!ZIll 10
u 280
"'Ill
""
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP-F
FIG. 3.03!~4 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE,STRAIN RATE AND
HOLDING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 60 :::>
PERCENT REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 9) 200 1---+---+---t--~M\\..l~--J 160 tf
i:
11.
160
IW 80
1.
80
e(2 IN)
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03!35 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND
EXPOSURE TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET
(38, p. 130-133)
CODE 1301
PAGE 15
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
Fe 0.025 IN SHEET
18 Cr CR61J%
8 Ni
TYPE 301 200
TYPE 302
.
li!
:.: 160
i'::
"' 120
20
~
0 10
...gj
0 200 800
TEMPF
FIG. 3.03136 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND PRIOR
EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 34 200 400
PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET (45, p. 87)
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 03138 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND PRIOR
EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTII!S OF 60
PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET (45, p. 87)
Fe-18Cr8Nl(TYPE 301)
0.025 IN SHEET
51\f,CR 300
PRIOR EXPOSURE
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TY; ~ 301)
0.020 TO 0.0621N SHEET 200
FULL HARD
200
280
Iii
:.:
Iii
~ 24o
160 r---.1....---.3~---1 120 ':::.
160
i:
Lr:~~
li!
:.:
"' i'::
120 80 ..;-
L~
200
20
"' e T AS ROLLED, 40';\j
OL
6 T + BOOF, 8 HR
80
o. 0 1000
~
0 10
o 40 1000
gj
... e(1.5lN)
~
Ill
0 0
oW~~ ~~~
-200
a:
0 200 400 600 800 le
TEMP- F 0 200 . 400 600 800 1000 1200
FIG. 3.03137 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPI!RATURE AND TEMPF
PRIOR EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES FIG. 3, 03141 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE, TEST DIRECTION
OF 51 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET AM> STRESS RELIEF ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
(45, p. 87) TYPE 301 FULL HARD SHEET (11)
CODE 1301
PAGE 16
R:ZVISED MARCH 196!5 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe A
Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni
TYPE 301
280 TYPE 302
240
200
.i:
u;
:.:
~I "' 160
120 40
... ~ AS ROLLED, 65%
0
6 ~}+750F, BHR
80
40
20
Fe-18Cr-8Nl(TYPE 301) 360
0. 063 IN SHBET
... ~
CR6a.t
600 800 1000 1200 320
"320F "\
TEMP F I TESTTBMP
FIG. 3. 03142 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPERA'IURB, TEST DIRECTION
AND STRESS RELIEF ON TBNSlLB PROPERTIES OF \........_ 2~
.
TYPE 301 EXTRA HARD SHBET (11)
RT ~
...i:!
~
rTL'
-""' 240
240
..- ..--
\. F'T\' -320F ""
200
~L
In 200 -L~ ---r-----
RT~ --......._
160
:.: / ... -3~?
i: ~ e RT
"' 160
24 TO 72 HR AT STRESS RELIEF TmJ~
.,.
:;
~
Cl
0
gj
20
.. e(2 IN)
320F
RT
--- _..../
/'
"" 0
0 200 .II)() 600 800 1000
STRESS RBLIBF TEMP F
FIG. 3.03143 EFFECT OF STRI!.'iS RBLIBF AMl TEST TBMPBR
A'lURE ONTBNSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED
SHEET (18)
CODE 1301
PAGE 17
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
Fe 160
18 Cr
8 Ni
120 ~
0
TYPE 301 ~
!i! 1%.
TYPE 302 ~ 80
1%.
i:
40
e(2IN)
240
r---,.---,.--=-'1.::--:::::~:::::-=:-1 240
Fe- 8Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0.040 IN SHEE
EXTRA FULLY HARD
60% RED 200
240
' I~ ['...
3/4 IN BA_lt.
MILL ANN
200
'
FTU
l:il
~
~
0
160 ~ t--
'
1%.
I "'
"" v---
i:
~
1%.
160 1---t-----j-- 120 120
~-
STRAIN RATE
0.004 IN/IN/MIN
120 RA
10 r.ao
~ z
....-!--
I
"'a:tJ "'
tJ e(1 IN)
L--
ffi
"'... 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000
""40
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP- F
TEMP- F
FIG. J. 03!52 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
FIG. J.OJJ61 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 60 PERCENT
REDUCED SHEET PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED BAR (33 0 p. 7)
(26)
CODE 1301
PAGE 18
FeA
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
""
3/4 HARD (40% RED)
18 Cr
280
~ FTU L 8 Ni
TYPE 301
""'" ~ :w:
~TYPE 302
ri.
~ r-... FTY
_.....
160
}.
20
.. ~ e(2 IN)
160
360~-T----~~----r-~Fe~-~l~r~-8~M~(~~PE~3~0~1)~
0,016 IN SHEET
PULL HARD (50% RED)
~2ro~-+-----+~~-+-----+-----+-----i
:w: lil
:.:240~-+--~~---~~~~*
~20 160
20 1--1---..1 --o::::-- -+---t---- -i
Ill
1il
~
u
~ oL-~----~~----L-----~----~----~ ""~ ol!~~--~-3~00~----~200~----~1~00~-~o~--~1~00
-400 -300 -200 100 0 100
TEMPF TEMP F
FIG. 3.03163 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERJtTURE ON FIG. 3.03165 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 50 PERCENT PROPERTIES OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED
REDUCED SHEET (31, p. 20) SHEET (36, p. 168, 169)
,
i CODE 1301
... .... PAGE 19
reA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
360
Fe
Fe-18C r8Ni(T YPB 302) 400 .............
18 Cr SHBBT
320 70%CR
8 Ni
TYPE 301 280 ~
TYPE 302
~
:.: 1...\..:=..~~,_.!:~+------l 320 ~
240 t
200
!2280
240
160 ~
"' 240 L T
0
~2G
0 200
A
mo ~
lXI
5
u 0
a:
TBMP F ...
lXI
' ,
50
Fel8Cr 8NI(T YPB 301)
~ 0. 063 IN SHI!ET
:.:
ANN
240 ~~-----i-----
400F
~ b:"".
600F
30
~II
f
'-sooF
IOOOF
160
20
I
40
~0
10
...ffi
II
20
10
-400 300 -200 -100 0 100
i ~OMPRiiON
0.002 0.004 0.006
TEMP - F 0.008 0.010
FIG. 3.031~7
STRAIN IN PBR IN
J!FFEC T OF LOW TI!MPBRATURB ON TBNSIU
! FIG. 3. 03211 STRI!SSSTRAIN CURVES IN COMPR I!S510N
PROPBRTIJ!S OF EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLE
D FOR TYPJ! 301 ANNBALED SHBBT AT
Slii!BT (32, p. 26)
J!LBVATED TI!MPBRATURES (19, p.S7)
CODE 1301
PAGE '., :,..~
20
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS r-eA
Fe
160
18 Cr
8 Ni
80
TYPE 301
0
240 TYPE 302
lil
:.:
160
80
,.,
2~~~~~~~ ~~----~----~~~~~--
EXTRA HARD
r----T----~--~
Fe-J8Cr-8Ni(TYPE
0.020 IN SHEET STRESS RELIEV
EXTRA HARD 750F, 8 HR
CODE 1301
PAGE 21
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
60 Fe-18Cr-8Ni( TYPE
301)
Fe 0. 063 IN SHEET
ANN
18 Cr
8 Ni F
CY
TYPE 301 20
0 200 400 600 800 1000
!il 160
:.:
TYPE 302
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0322 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATU RE ON EXPOSURE
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF 120
TYPE 301 ANNEALED SHEET o.s}
A 10
(19, p. 28) 100 HR
1000
80
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP- F
I
FIG. 3.0325 ,EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND EXPOSURE
',!'~ME ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF
60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET
160
Fe-18Cr-8Nl( TYPE 301 (38, p. 140-142)
0. 052 IN SHEE1
1/2 HAR[
120
o-..,
---..,
~
Fey
80
0
L
T i
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP-F
FIG. 3.0323 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATU RE AND
TEST DIRECTION ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD
STRENGTH OF TYPE 301 1/2 HARD SHEET
(II)
e 0.038 IN SHEET
60% RED, FTY = 237 KSI
A 0.050 IN SHEET=
190 KSI
80 45% RED, FTY +---+--~~--;
40 ~o----~------~----~600~----800~----1-000L
-----12~00 TEMP- F
TEMP- F FIG. 3.0326 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE, TEST
FIG. 3.0324 DIRECTION AND STRESS RELIEF ON COM-
EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON COMPRESSIVE
PRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF TYPE 301
YIELD STRENGTH OF 45 PERCENT AND 60 PERCENT
FULL HARD AND EXTRA HARD SHEET
REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 10)
(II)
CODE 1301
PAGE 22
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA
Fe-1 Cr-8Ni
SHEET Fe
18 Cr
80
8 Ni
TYPE 301
iii 60
TYPE 302
" ' .... ....
TYPE'
40 302 ANN
e (IS)
---:}<12)
20
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0351 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON SHEAR STREfll:iTH
OF TYPES 301 AND 302 (12, Fig. 90)(15, p. 24, Fig. 20)
100
...._ Fe18Cr-8Ni (Type 301)
O.. OSO IN SHEET
iii
"::J
r--... 6Q'X,CR
80
Fsu
~----~~::~====~~=---~----~ 160~
~~
60
iii
" 40 ~~ 80
.,. ~r
20
10
100
HR
ae 0.06IIN}
O. 183 IN TYPE 301, l/2 HARD (19)
0
ZO.:JO 40 Olo. 063 It-; {TYPE 301, 1/2 HARD ( S)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
l:f TYPE 302, ANN 1
CODE 1301
PAGE 23
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
Fe Fe-18Cr-8Nl(TYPE 301)
0.100 IN SHEET
18 Cr BEFORE RED
11,\\RED
8 Ni t--. L
1--.
TYPE 301 1---. 1--
480 L_---+--+~i::"'"""~tt----r20 iil 240
TYPE 302 ~
~
~ r:----
reB.- --
'
::>
a:
---<t-"'NN~rtz4C tE
r- RT -423F ~~
60. 80 t- ~ o. - 0 NOTCH
STRENG1ll
r = 0.0025 - - - - - Fru
-400 -300 -200 -100 u 100
ROLLI!'~; TEMP - F
e/D EXPOSURE FIG. 3.037112 EFFECT OF LOW ROLLING TEMPERA1URE
2.0 1.5
160
A
0
b
0
0.5}
10
100
HR
ON NOTCH STRENG1ll AT ROOM TEMPERA1URE
AND -423F OF 10 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET
(24)
... v 1000
240
. ...
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
SHEET
r--
200
..,?. ~
:: tr ~
lil 160
~ z v~ 1---
~ t-
:er
'"::!
;..-
120 1::=
iT.B..EM:rn
- -
80 r-
o. 70 1..
1:
:
0
641J%
060%
~
20% 0.063
0.063
0.063
v 70% 0,063
4C
r=0.0007L+ <>m 0 031 .
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
ROLLING TEMP - F
TEMP-.F
FIG. 3.037111 EFFECT OF ROLLING TEMPERA1URE
ON OOTCH STRENG1ll AT P.OOM FIG. 3. 037113 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERA1URE AND PERCENT
TEMPERA1URE AND -423F OF 65 COLD REDUCTION ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF
PERCENT REDUCED SHE.ET (24) SHEET (34, p. 16)
CODE 1301
PAGE 24
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
280 --r---.
r--r--,.,.,...---r---r-Fe-18Cr-8Ni ~~~~~=-~~----~
Fe-18Cr-8Nl(TYPE 301)
0.100 IN SHEET
Fe
SHEET L
BEFORE RED
18 Cr
8 Ni
TYPE 301
TYPE 302
a: 6 60% CR
80
i5
~ REDUCTION - PERCENT
~ 0.8 FIG. 3.037116 EFFECT OF REDUCTION ON
NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET
:I: TESTED AT ROOM TEMPERATIJRE
~ O. 4 w~=--_-31-00----2.J00_____1.J.OO_ _ _OL--....:1.JOO AND 423F (24)
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 037114 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
STRENGTH OF VARIOUS PERCENT REDUCED
SHEET (25)
NOTCH
STRE~TH
2401---+- FTU .
160 1---+----+--
so
REDUCTION - PERCENT TEMP- F
FIG. 3.037115 EFFECT OF REDUCTION ON
FIG. 3.037121 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATIJRE AND PRIOR
NOTCH STREo'-CTh' OF SHJiET
TESTED AT ROOM TF.l.1P"-i1- EXPOSURE ON NOTCH PROPERTIES OF 60
ATURE AND -320F (24) PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET (45, p. 87)
CODE 1301
PAGE 25
l"'eA
FERR OUS ALLO YS REVISED MARCH 1965
360
Fe Fe18Cr-8 Ni(TYPE 301)
0.062 IN SHEET
18 Cr EXTRA HARD CR
320
8 Ni
LOADIIl RATE
...
~
"- 240
280
til
:.::
240
til
:.::
200
80 240
200
til
160
1000
1000 e
OT
L} RT } NOTCH
:.::
280
.ol. L}
T
320F
STREIJT H
120
~', ,,
'
80
o.oo 7
'
i= 1.2
~
til
0:0
li;r::
0.8
:C<
a:
120
CODE 1301
PAGE 26
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROU S ALLOYS
160
120
-400 -300 -200 -!00 0 !00
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.037151 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON
NOTCH STRENGTH OF 60 PERCENT COLD
REDUCED SHEET (36, p. 170173)
240
Fc-18Cr-8N1(T YPE 301)
0. 025 IN SHEET
. _._
60' -
~
' N07H JRENGTH
=~
240 I--
NOTCH STRENGTH
'~~
' .....
L T .............
e 0 RT 200 I--
0.05 I ~ t;, -IIOF r=0,040
O. 4 3':-0--_.j4L...0__;_;_-:.~.50---6LO--....J70 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 !00
FIG. 3.037142 EFFECT OF PERCENT COLD REt'UCTION FIG. 3.037152 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
ON EDGE CRACKED PROPERTIES OF STRENGTH OF EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED
SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND SHEET (32, p. 27)
IIOF (45, p. 87)
CODE 1301
PAGE 27
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED' MARCH 1965
Fe
360
18 Cr
8 Ni
320
TYPE 301
TYPE 302 200
li.l
:..:
240
200
.... _
NOTCH STRENG1ll
360
320 li.l
;.:
~
360
280 "'
-
320
200
li.l
;.:
i5 240
360 !t
Fe-18 r8NI E301) Ill 360
0.016 IN SHEET ~
' FULL HARD, 50% REO :::
320
320
li.l 280
:..:
~-
.
200
L
240
' '-, r0,0025
240
CODE 1301
PAGE 28
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA
280
Fe
18 Cr
240
8 Ni
~ TYPE 301
em
320 200
~
TOUGHNESS OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED
SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERA"lURE AND -320F
r = 0.0025 (37. p. 156, 157)
160 l-....L.._ _.J...__ _L.,__--1
-400 -200 0 200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 037157 EFFECT OF LOW TEST
TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
STREJillTH OF 70 PERCENT
REDUCED VACUUM MELT
SHEET (23)
320
Fe-18Cr-8Ni ("fype 301)
'\'1\_ 0.025 IN SHEET
60';1\CR
280 .'
I\\
\ ',,
240
, FTY
, --- --
"--.. . ',
', .....,
iil
:.l
200
.... ~"'-
---
L T
---FTY
--... .....
!60 0 Kc
__.
320
200
r~
-
FRACTtJi! E TOOOHNESS
~160
r~
u;
:.l Kc
280
A ./
/
v
240
~- K1c6.3
80
a....
-400
r---""0-1-"--
-300 -200
~
-100 0 100
r = 0.0025 TEMP F
200
-400 -200 0 200 FIG. 3.03722 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERA "lURE ON
TEMP- F FRACTURE TOOOHNESS OF 60 PERCENT
COLD REDUCED SHEET (37, p. 150,151)
FIG. 3.037158 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPER
ATURE ON NOTCH STRE!IllTH OF
7)PER.:r;;.rr REDUCED AIR MELT
A. Nolch length 1.22 0.03
B. Critical crack length 1.191o 2,02
SHEET (23)
Critical crack length lelescoplcally meaaureil
i
~ ,., CODE 1301
PAGE 29
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
240
l'e-18Cr-8Ni (Type 301)
Fe 0.025 n; SHEET
60%CR
18 Cr
8 Ni
TYPE 301 ~
TYPE 302
liJ
:00:
120
ffiE FRACTUR:~OUGHNESS
NOTCH LE~TH e RT 10
CRITICAL CRACK LE~TH A 320F
TELESCOPlCALLY -423F liJ
:00: 8
rlll L.-"M.;;.;EA=SU=~E:::;D_ __.__ _....I.._ _.....J._ ___.
0 0.4 o.s 1.2 1.6 2.0 6
NOTCH LE~TH IN
TOTAL
FIC. 3. 03723 EFFECT OF NOTCH LE~TH ON FRACTURE 4
STRAIN
TOUGHNESS OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED
SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, -320F AND 2%
423F (37, p. 159161)
0 3%
'<7 5%
ll 7%
2
0.001 0.01 0.1 10
TIME- HR
FIC. 3. 042 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVES FOR
ANNEALED TYPE 302 AT 1200 TO JSOOF
(12, p. 6-1-2.6)
FeI8Cr8Ni(TYPE 302
20
-- ---- ----- - ~ 0.050 IN SHEET
- ---- ...
ANN
15
--
... _... ...... _
TEST TEMP 1200F-- --.1
--.....
10 ... '
1---- --:.' ......
!-----
6
:\:.''~.1
4
--
--- i} CREEP
" ~OOF
4~--~---~~--~~-~
0.01 0.1 1.0
0.001 0.01 0. I 10 TIME- HR
I
TIME- HR FIC. 3.043 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR
FIC. 3. 041 CREEP CURVES FOR TYPE 302 ANNEALED SHEET TYPE 301 1/2 HARD SHEET AT 1200F TO
AT 1200 TO 1600F (16, Fig. 20) J500F (16, Fig. 21)
CODE 1301
PAGE 30
REV I SED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A
100 1 - - - - - 1 - - - ---1--~o:--t-------f
150 1-C:::Y"'C"'L'"'E::-:-LO""A-----'--+---~ TYPE 301
15 MIN AT STRESS TYPE 302
801----+- 15 MIN UNSTRESSED
~ 80~~~~+-~~~+-----~
~
1200F
CREEP
0.1%
20 ~----~------~------~-----~ 0.2%
0. I 10 100 J.OOO
0.3%
TIME- HR 40 1------~~~--.lo--+ ...
0.5%
FIG. 3.044 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR TYPE 301 .1.0%
FULL HARD AND STRESS RELIEVED SHEET
AT 800 TO 1200F (11) 30L-----~------~----~
0.1 1.0 10 100
TIME- HR
FIG. 3. 046 CREEP CURVES FOR TYPE 301
60 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET
UNDER CYCLIC LOAD AT 600F
ANO 900F (27)
600F
loor--------r-------~~----r------1
801-----1-~~--r--~~----;
900F
~
~~ aor----+--=~-:n.:+------1
IOOOF
1200F
30~------L-------L-----~
CODE 1301
PAGE 31
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
2~'()
Fe Fel8Cr8Nl(TYPFJO
80'X,CR
18 Cr
100
8 Ni 80
60
TYPE 301
40
TYPE 302
Ul 20
:..:
10
10 10 104
TIME - SECOND
FIG. 3.048 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR 80
PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET AT IOOOF,
1200F AND 1400F (47, p. 932)
200~------~-------r-------,--~~~~~~~
Fe-18Cr- Nl(TYPE 301)
0.039 IN SHEET
EXTRA FULLY HARD
FTU = 241 KSI
R.= -1
160~------~~~~--~------~------_,----~~
120
li!
:..:
80
e RT }
.A. llOF 1800 CPM
40 320F
Y -423F 3450 CPM
loS
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.051 S-NCURVES IN FLEXURE FOR EXTRA FULLY HARD SHEET AT
LOW TEMPERATURES (39, p. 105)
CODE 1301
PAGE 32
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
110 ~----~-----T----~~----~----~
Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni
TYPE 301
TYPE 302
10 102
NUMBER OF CYCLES
....
II
~
0
A
RT
-320
ll 0 -423
8 rows
i I I I
"-~ 80 1---~~
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.054 SN CURVES FOR UNIAXIAL A!lo'D BIAXIAL SHEET FOR R 0.10
(46, p. 48)
CODE 1301
,., PAGE 33
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
32
Fe Fe18Cr8Nl(TYPE 301)
SHEET
18 Cr 0
1/2 HARD
28
8 Ni ;........
TYPE 30 I~ 24
~ r-.. E STATIC
~ 24~--~~--~~~~~~4-----1-----+---~~~~~---t~~rl
~
16 ~ ~} AS ROLLE:ol----t---t ----<P""
: ~} + 800F, 8HR
12 L---~~--~~--~~--~~----~----~--~~----~----~-----
0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMPF
FIG. 3. 0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN TENSION FOR TYPE 301 FULL HARD AND EXTRA HARD SHEET
(II)
CODE 1301
PAGE 34
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A
----
32 0.025 IN SHEET
60%CR
~ t-- 18 Cr
~ t---.. 8 Ni
~
eL
OT
E STATIC TYPE 30 I
I
24
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TYPE 302
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0623 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR 60 PERCENT
REDUCED SHEET (36, p. 168, 169)
28
Fe-1dCr-8NI(TYPE 301)
STRESS RELIEF
24
~
........... ~ 800F, 2 HR
~
~ [\
L
20
0.050 IN SHEET
45% RED ~~ ~
16
............
~
36 Fe1SCr-l!NI(1YPE 301)
12 0. 010 TOo. 060 IN TEE~.
-- -
!il
:..:
28
,___ L
~ ..__ ~
32
y
v
E STA.:,C
~
24
........... ~ .__
~ 28
~
O.OJH IN SHEET ~
h!fX, RE~
20
!il 24
~~
STRAIN RATE :..: 32
e 0 0.3- 0.4 IN/IN/SEC
16
A A 4 x w-S - 7 x I0-5 IN/IN/SEC
1
~
c STATIC
____.
HOLDING TIME 28
~ ~
eAIOSEC
~
OAIOO sEC
12 1
~STA+ '\ 24
L T
, A (20)
8
0 200 600 800 1000 1200 20
ANN
(II)
1/4
I
1/2 3/4 FULL EXTRA
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0624 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE, STRAIN RATE TEMPER - HARD
AND HOLDING TIME ON MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FIG. 3.0625 EFFECT OF TEMPER ON MODULUS OF
IN TENSION OF 45 PERCENT AND 60 PERCENT ELASTICITY IN TENSION AND CQI\1PRESSION
REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 8) FOR TYPE 301 SHEET (11)(20, p. IS)
CODE 1301
PAGE 35
FeA FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni
200
--
'-..
FULL
r- .............. HARD
r- ...... ~
Fe-18Cr-8NI (TYPE 301)
160
.......
I~ ~ ~
3/4 H....A'
120
~
80
' .......
l/4 H
I'....... ""' ~
...............
!'-...........
--.......r-....~ ~
40
- r-- .........
Vl
:.:
0
200
ANN
COMPRESSION
'".,I\
3~----T-----~----~--~~~~~--~ \.
Fe- 8Cr8NI(TYPE 301) 160
STRESS RELIEF
800F, 2 HR
,\
' '
' '
', '
120
'~~ULLHARD
80
,,
...... " L
i. . . . . . . . ~~ ;;::,...
~'~e~0.~0~3ri~N~SH~E~E-----+-----+-----~~~
16
60%
RED, FTY = 273 KSI
A 0,050 IN SHEET
45% RED, FTY = 190 KSI
~o----~200~--~400~----7.6oo~--~~~o~--~~ooo~--~1~200
40
0
- I/4H
ANN --- ~
~
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0627 1000 KSI
EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON MODULUS
OF ELASTICITY IN COMPRESSION OF 45 PERCENT FIG. 3.0641 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN CCJdPRBSSJON FOR
AND 60 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 10) TYPE 301 SHEET IN VARIOUS CONDmONS (20)
CODE 1301
PAGE 36
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALL.OYS Fe A
Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni
TYPE 30 I
TYPE 302
0~--~----~-L--~~----~----~---ULUU
0 8 16 24 0 8 16 24
1000 KSI
CODE 1301
PAGE 37
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965
CODE 1301
PAGE 38
FeA
\ REV I SE.D1 MARCJi 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
I
!
r
( .__....,j
1,01 Commerclsl Designation. Wrought: Type 303 and Type 1.05 Heat Treatment
303Se, Cast: CFl6F. 1, 051 Anneal or solution treat. 1900 to 2050 F, alr cool or
quench, depending on section thickness, cooling to BOO F
1.02 Alremate Designations. Free machining 18-8 stablless maximum should be within 3 mln.
stedll, 188-S and 18-8-Se. AISI Type 303 and 303 Se 1, 0511 B.u and forgings. 1900 to 1950 P, 1/2 hr per In thickness,
austenitic stainless steels. water queneh,
1. 0512 Sheet nod rublng. 1900 to 1950 P, 10 min, all: cool up to
1.03 SpecUI.catlons. Tahle 1. 03. 0,0641n thickness, water quench 0.065ln nod thicker.
1. 0513 Castings. 20JO to 2100 F, 30 mln minimum,
TABLE' 1 03 1.06 Hardenabillty. Alloy can be hardened only by cold work,
AMS Pnrm Milito"' which Increases both strength and hardness. The extent
Bar, forgings (ST) !llll~ts of possible cold working Is less than for the other 18-8
c40E Bar,forglngs(swaglng) forglnf
5641 A grades because of the embrlttlemeat by the sulfur or
5738 Bar (CD) stoc selenium content, (13, p. 116).
15642 Bar, forgings. CCb stab)
1,07 Forms and Co:~dltiOliS AvaUahle
1.071 The steel Is avaUahle In the full commerclsl range of
1,04 Com~sltlon sizes for bar, wire, forgings, sheet and tubing, (13, p. 8),
1.041 Type 03 composition, Tahle 1. 041, 1.072 All wrought products are avaUahle ln the annealed condi-
tion, S~eet, bar nod wire are also avaUable cold worked to
TABLE I 041 various reductions.
Source AMSH '5)(11}(13, p.21 AMS 3\
1,073 Castings are avaUable In the anoealed :ondltlon.
Alloy T=303 lrvne 303 -Cb
Percent Percent
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPiiRTIE'S
Percent
Min Max Mln Max Min Mn 2,01 Thermal Properties
Carbon
~nganese
-
-
0,15
2,00
-- 0,15
2.00
-
0,08
-
2.00
2,011
2.012
Melting range. 2550 to 2590 P, (11, p. 3)(12, p. 22)(13, p. 43).
Pnase changes
-- -- --
Uicon 1,00 1.00 1.00 2,0121 The steels are subject to carbide precipitation at 800 to
l'llosphorus 0,040 0,20 0.040 1600 P,
Sulfur
hromlum
0.18
17.00
0.35
19.00
0,15
17.00
- 0,18 0.35 2,0122 Cold wad< wW traosform a small amount of austenite to
19.00 17.00 19,00 ferrite (martensite),
~l~kel 8.00 10,00 8,00 10.00 9,00 12.00 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Pl.g. 2. 013,
---
~olybdenum - 0.75 0,60(a) -
o. 75 2,014 Thermal exp;mslon, Pig. 2, 014.
popper
Polumbium
-- 0,50
- --lOxC
-
0.50
l,IO(Cb
2,015 Speclflc heat. 0,118 Btu per (lb F), (11, p, 3)(12, p. 22)
ron (13, p.40).
Balance Balance Balance +Tn 2,016 E'mlsslvley, Pig. 2, 016.
(a) Zirconium may be substituted for molybdenum
2,02 Other Pnys leal Propertle.;
AISI only.
2.021 Densley, 0.286lb!>'!rcu ln. 7,93grpercuc m, (12, p.22)
1, 042 Type 303 Se composition, Tahle 1. 042. (13, p.40).
TABLE 1 U42
Source AMS (1 AMSI2 AMS 4 11\MS\5){13, p, 21
Allov AMS 3
Twe303 Se Twe 303 Se + Cb
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Mln Max Min Max Mln _Max Mu_ _Mln
--
_M1n_
---
Max
Carbon 0,15 0,12 - 0.12 - 0.15
" 0,08
Manganese
Silicon
2,00
1.00
2,00
0,70 -
0,20
-
2,00
1.00 ---
2,00
1,00
-- 2.00
1,00
Phosphorus 0,12
-
0,17 0.11 0,17
- - 0,17 0,20 0,11 0.17
Sulfur
Chromium 17.00
0,040
19.00 17.00
0,040
20.00
-
17,00
0,10
19.00
-
17...00
0,06
19,00
-
17,00
0.030
19.00
Nickel 8,00 10,00 8,00 12,00 8,00 10,00 B.DO
Molybdenum
Selenium 0,15
-o.so
0,35 0,15
0,50
0,30
- -
0,15
0. 7S(a)
0.35
-
0.15
10,00
--
9.00
-
12,00
0.50
- 0.15 0,35
-- -- -- -
--
Copper
Columbium -
0,50
-
0,50
- - -
lOxC
o.so
l.lOt:;b
Iron Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance +Ta
(a) Zirconium may be substituted for molybdenum
CODE 13021
Fe A
FERR OUS ALLOYS REVI.SEDMARCH 1963
-
--- ---
Pru min bl 4.03 Welding. Welding of tbese steels Is not genemlly recom-
75 125 115 105 95
p
max- bl
mln - bl
115
- -
100
-80 -65 45- mended. Fusion welding with Type 310 electrodes Is poa-
slble to a vety limited eztent and post weld annesling Is
ell'c), min-perce nt
RA, min-perce nt
-- - --
35 12
35
15
35
20
35
28
:15
necessary . Tbe columbium beadng types need no post
weld annealing.
Hardlleso
-
--- 229 --- --- --- ---
BHN, min 149
uw -
- --
~0.75 in min 170
>Q75ln to 1.50
ID8l 255
- - - -
min 163
--- --- - -- - -
-- -- --- ---
-
ID8l 255
>!.SO In min 140
ID8l 241 - -
3. 02 Mechanica l Properties at Room Tempemru re
3, 021 Typical mechanica l properties , T4bie 3, 021.
TABLE3. 02I
IScur""
Attov
5\ l6 ( 13
Fe18Cr9 Nl+S or Se
!Form Bar
ll::nnditlon Wire Ca &t tPAt M rA I liar and olate !lor
Ann CD ).ij<Yh tnnciln
l
nn Snft ~,..,.
Dismel'er - in
Ftu typ- ksi 90
- 100
1718
125
1
llO
2lnM2 o~nn
<nNl
0.062 I o.sm I n.n62
~mDI>r
I~SM
-
~nn
-
Ann
105 90 125 100 160 140 77
r Flf typ- ksi 35 60 95 75 85 90
35 35 90 60 125 lOS 40
e( In), min-perce nt 35 35
t 50 40 20 30 50
tr,
RA -
percent 55 53 50 so 60
50
60
30
55
40
55
15
45
20
so
52
-
55
-
so
Hardness, BHN
Impact Strength
160 228 277 240 - - - - - - !52 ISO
55
160
-- -- --
-- --
f. lzod ftlb 80
-
35 - - -- -
l - -
k;harpy Keyhole - ft lb 85
- 75 -
80
-
~
3,022 Bffect of clll<l dmwlng on tensile propeltles of wire, Pfg.
Ir 3.03
3,022.
CODE 1302
PAGE 2
FeA
REVISE D MARCH 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS
200
160
Pe-~8Cr-9Nii6 or Se
0.198 IN WIRE
CD
V"
./ v 18
9
Fe
Cr
Ni
~ 7 +
or
s
Se
v
120
..........
TYPES 303,
80 ~03 Se
PIG. 2. 013 THERMAL CONDuCTI VITY
Pn(O~ ~
hoxu.
p. 3X12, P 22)113, p. 40l
~
40
~
~
11 0
Pel8Cr9N I+S or Se .,. ~-----
~
80
b. RA
10
/-
-A ~__,
"'
b
--
~ ~ ....
~
~
e(2 IN)
.....
v MEANCOB P
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION
10 20 30 40 50
I 1
PROM RT TO TEMP INDICATED_ PIG. 3. 022
REDUCTION PERCENI'
EFFECT OF COLD DRAWING ON TENSILE
I
- - (11X13l PROPERTIES OF WIRE
- - (9) (7)
- - - (7)
7 - - - (6X12l
-400 0 400 BOO 1200 1600
TEMP P
Pe-18Cr9N li6 or Se
1.0 ~e-18Cr-~NI +S or Se
80
"~ ........
- -- -
OXIDIZBD 2000 P, 60 MIN Pro
0.8
~
TOTAL HBMISPHERlCAL
E~VITY
'""\ BOTHTYPB S
0.6
'\
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TBMP P
-
---
TYPB 303
TYPB 304 ~
0
80
-- _,
!~ - --
~--
1--
RA
.......
- - Kr r-.-
le (21N)
-.......::::..::::
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
20L-___ _._-_-_-_<~7~>------~----~-~ TBMP -P
0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP P
PIG. 3. 031 EFFECT OF TBST TBMPBRA ruRE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF TYPBS 303 AND 304
PIG. 2. 022 BLBCTRlC AL RESISTIVITY (14)
(7XIOX11, p. 3XI2, p. 22)
CODE 1302
PAGE 3
FERROUS. ALLO YS Rf;VISE D MARCH 1963
100 \
Fe ~r-9Nt+'s or Se
liN ROUND
18 Cr ANN 1900 F
9 Ni 80
~
+ s ~ ~ FTJ:
or Se 40
~
~
F~-..,
TY
TYPES303,
0
303 Se
!ir>l
()
80
40
.--......:: RAa.
-......
0:
...
r>l
e(2 1:.1)
0
0 ..
4Cv 800 1200 1600
TEMP- F
REFERENCES
CODE 1302
PAGE 4
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA
--
wrought forms, and also as castings under the de signa- Silicon - 1.00 1.00 - 2.00 2.00 304 L
lions CF-8 and CF-3, respectively. 'Ibe wrought forms
possess very good formabUity and the steels can be
SuUur
Iron
- 0,030
Balance
0,030
I!& lance
- 0.04
Balance
0.04
Balance
readily welded by all common methods.
1.05 Heat Treatment
),01 Commercial Designations 1.051 Anneal or solution treat. 1800 to !950F, 30 minutes to
Wrought: Type 304 and Type 304L. Cast: CF-8 and 1 hour per Inch thickness, 2 hours minimum for plate,
CF-3. alr cool or quench depending on section size, CooUng
to BOOF maximum should be within 3 minutes.
!.02 Alternate Designations Sheet and tubing. 1900 to i950F, 10 minutes, air cool up
1.0511
Low carbon 1885 stainless steels. AISI Type 304 and to 0, 064 Inch thickness, water quench 0. 065 and thicker.
Type 304L austenitic stainless steels, Castings (AMS 5370, 5371). 1950 to 2050F, 30 minutes
1.0512
mlnimum, air cool.
!.03 Specifications 1.052 Stress reUef
Table 1.03, 1.0521 To improve elastic characteristics or cold rolled sheet or
cold drawn bar. 650 to 800F, 4 to 8 hours.
TABLE I 03
...... I 'l'vnP Form Mllltarv 1.06 Hardness
5370 304L ~stings, prec. invest. 1.061 HilriiiieSs or annealed alloy Is
RB 7590 and BHN !35-185,
5371 304L pstlngs, sand (29),
5513 304 ~eel, strip, plate csn MIL-S-5059 1.062 Typical hardness for alloy ol different forms and condi
55600 304 rubing, seamless csn MILT-8506 tlons, see Table 3.0212.
55650 304 ~bing, welded (ST) MIL-T-8506 1.063 Effect or tim\' and temperature or exposure on room
55660 304 TUbing, hydraulic (CD) MILT-6845 temperature hardness of alloy, Fig. !,063,
5567 304 ublng, seamless or weld 1.064 Effect of low temperature on hardness or bar, Fig. !.064.
ed, hydraulic (ST) MIL-T-8504 1.065 Effect or test temperature on hot hardness, Fig. 1,065.
5639A 304 llar, forgings, tubing (S'I} MIL-S-7720
5697 304 Wire (ST)(CD) QQ-W-423(a) 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
5511A 304L heet, strip, plate csn MILS-4043 1.071 The steel Is available In the full commercial range of
5647 304L llar, forging stock, forg- sizes for all wrought forms cornmon for staJnless steels.
n2s tublnsr csn - 1.072 These forms are generallyavaUablelntheannea led, cold
worked or cold worked and stress reUeved conditions.
(a) Federal Specification 1.073 Sand and centrifugal castings are available up to 6000 1b
In the annealed condition.
---
Copper - 0.5 0.50 - - to 1600F,
Manganese 1.00
-
2.00 2,00 - 2.00 2.0123 Cold work will transform a small a"'ount of austenltle to
Molybdenum 0.5 0.50 - - 2.013
ferrite (manenslte),
Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2,0!3,
Nickel 8,0 11.0 8.00 11. OO(d) 8,00 u.oo
Phosphorus
Sill con lo.
- 0.04
75(a) I. 50(a)
--
0.040 -
l.OO(c) 0.50(e)
0.040
1.00
2.014
2.0!5
Thermal expansion, Fig, 2.0H.
Specific heat, Fig. 2, 0!5.
Sulfur
Iron
- 0,03(b)
Balance
-
0.030
Balance
- 0.030
Bolance
2.016 Thermal dlffusivlty
C::ODE 1303
PAGE
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
are
BrineII
CODE 1303
PAGE 2
REVISEO>MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A
Source
.
TAB" B 3 0212
(Ill
RA, -percent - 70 - - - 65 65 55 - - -
Hardness,
BHN - 150 212 277 240 - - - - -70 140
--
-- -
--
-- - --
RB 80 83 95
RC - - - - 33 -
Impact strength
lzod- ft lh - liO - - 90 - - - - - -
3.0213 Bffect of cold-rolling oo te!lsile properties of sheet, Fig, 3.0231 Typical impact properties of annealed plate, and cold
3.0213. drawn bar, Table 3.0231.
3.02lof BffP.ct <If exposure to elevated temperatures on tensile
properties of coid .rolled sbeet, Fig. 3. 0214.
3.0215 Bffect of exposure of 10,000 hours to elevated tcmpera- TABLB 3 0231 .
turco on ten=!le prcpertle!! ~annealed alloy, !!'!g. 3.0215. _S()urce (11
3.0216 Bffect of. annealing temperature and exposure to elevated Allov _"l'ype 304
temperatures on tensile properties of bar, Fig. 3. 0216. Form nate, oar 1 IBr
3.0217 AlSI tensile strength range for various sizes of. spring Condition ~- _.c: iJ !''!:' bJRt1 tensile st::renmh
wire, Fig. 3.0217. Th.lclcness - In - 11 2
3.022
3.0221
3.023
Compression
Stress-strain diagrams
Impact
Impact strength
lzod-ft-lb no l 90
[:: 1303
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
3.024 Bending
Fe 3.025
3.026
Torsio n and shear 3.042 Creep riiprur e curves for bar at 1200 to 1800F,
Fig.
Bearing 3.042.
Low C 3.027 Stress concen tration 3.043 Creep ruprur e curves for bar at 1050 to 13SOF,
Fig.
3,0271 Notch propen les 3.043.
19 Cr 3.0271 1 Effect of cold-ro lling and test directi on on
notch strengt h
3.044 Sbon time creep ruptur e curves for sheet
at 1200 to
of sheet, Fig. 3. 02711. 2000F, Fig. 3.044.
10 Ni 3.0272 Fractu re toughn ess 3.045 Creep. curves for 111\ creep, Fig. 3. 045.
3.028 Combined propen les 3.046 Ltriear param eter maste r curve for creep
ruprur e of
anneal ed materi al, Fig. 3.046.
TYPES 304, 3.o3 Mechanical Propen les at Variou s tempe
rature s
3.031 Tension 3.05 Fatigu e Proper ties
304 L 3.o~11 Stress -strain diagra ms See also Fig. 2. 047.
3.03111 Stress -strain curves to fail~re at room and 3.051 Fatigu e proper ties of 1 Inch diame ter anneal
elevate d ed bar,
tempe ratures , Fig. 3. 03!11. Table 3,051.
3.0311 2 Stress -strain curves at room and elevate
d tempe ratures ,
Fig. 3.0311 2. . TABLE 3 OS!
3.0311 3 Stress -strain curves at room and low tempe
rature s, Fig.
:sou,;,-, 27
3.0311 3. lllo
1VDe 304
3.0312 Effect of cold reducti on on tensile prope nles Form I In bar
3.03121 Effect of cold rolling on tensile prope nles Condition
or sheet at Ann
room and low tempe ratures , Fig. 3. 03121. Stress Stress
Temp - F atlgue strength-lea
3.0313 Effect of elevate d tempe rature on tensile Method Ratio
propen les Concen- at cycles
3.0313 1 Effect of elevate d test tempe rature on tensile
propen les A R tratlon 105 lo6 107
of rolled tubing, Fig. 3. 03131.
3.03!3 2 Range of tensile proper ty values at elevate
RT
800
Rot ., I StnOoth 45 41 40
d tempe ratures Beam K ~1 32
for anneal ed alloy, Fig. 3. 03132. 1000 31 31
3.03!3 3 Effect of elevate d test tempe rature s on alloy, 34 32 31
Fig. 12IJO
3.03)3 3. 31 29 129
3.03!3 4 Effect of elevate d test tempe rature on anneal 3.052 Result s of vibrati ng beam tests of notche
ed alloy, d and unnotched
Fig. 3. 03!34. Type 304 bar, Fig. 3. 052.
3.03!3 5 Etfecto fannea lingan d test tempe rature on
tensile proper
ties of cold drawn bar, Fig. 3,0313 5, 3.06 Elastic Proper ties
3.03!3 6 Effect of elevate d tempe rature on Zeroll ed 3.061 Poisso n 1s ratio at room and elevate d tempe
304 stainle ss, rature s, Fig.
Fig. 3. 03!36. 3.061.
3.03!3 7 Effect of test tempe rature l)n tensile propen 3.062 Modulus of elastic ity
les of cast
logs, Fig. 3.0313 7. 3,0621 Modul us of elastic ity at room and elevate
3.0314 d tempe rature s,
Effect of low tempe rature on tensile prope Fig. 3.0621 .
nles.
3. 03141 Etf~ct of low test tempe rature on
tensile proper ties of 3.0622 Modulus of elastic ity at room &!td low tempe
ratures , Fig.
anneal ed alloy, Fig. 3.03!4 1. 3.0622 .
3.0314 2 Effect of test temper arure and strain rate 3.063 Modulus of rigidit y at room and elevate d
on tensile prop tempe rature s,
enies of cold drawn bar, Fig. 3,0314 2. Fig. 3.063.
3.0314 3 Effect of test tempe rarure on tensile prope
nles of cold
drawn sheet, Fig. 3. 03143. 4. FABRICATION
3.0314 4 Effect of low test tempe rature and percen See Type 301 also.
t cold reducti on
on tensile propen les of sheet, Fig. 3.0314
4.
3.0314 5 Effect of low temper aturell on tensile propen 4.01 Forma billt)'
les of 304
cast stainle ss steel, Fig. 3. 03145. 4.011 Genera l. This steel has excelle nt formab
3.0314 6 Effect of low tempe rature on the yield streng ility In the
th to density anneal ed conditi on, although other stralgh
ratio, Fig. 3. 03146. : 188 grades
may be prefer red for cenaln operat ions.
3.03!4 7 Effect of low test tempe rature on true tensile It has a low
propen les yield streng th and high strain harden ing capaci
of alloy, Fig. 3.0314 7. ty and re
quires consid erably more power than carbon
3.032 Compr ession steels.
Severe formin g operat ions may requir e Interm
3,0321 Stress -strain diagra ms ediate
anneal s and a final anneal Immed iately after
3. 0322 Effect of low temper arure on compr essive formin g
yield streng th should be applied to preven t stress cracki
of alloy, Fig. 3. 0322. ng.
4.012 Forgin g. Startin g forging temper ature 2300F
3.033 Impact maxim um,
flnJshl ng tempe rature 1500F minim um.
3.0331 Probable range of Charpy Impact prope nles Severe reduct ions
of anneal ed below 1700F should be avoide d.
Types 304 and 304L stainle ss steels, Fig. 4,013 Castab lllty of the austen itic stainle ss steels
3. 033!. Is excelle nt.
3.0332 Effect of low tempe rature on Impact propen
les of anneal ed
plate and bar, Fig. 3. 0332. 4.02 Machining and Grindi ng
3.034 Bending 4.021 Genera l. Becaus e of their high strain harden
3.035 Torsio n and shear ing,ma chln
ing of austen itic stainle ss steels requir es
3.036 Bearing positiv e feeds,
correc tly contou red and sharp tools llhd an
3.037 Stress concen tration ample supply
of coolan t. While compa rison With other
3.0371 Notch propen les materi al varies
with the operat ion, Type 304 Is genera lly
3,03711 Effect of low tempe rature on notch streng rated as posses s
th of cold rolled ing 35 tu 45 percen t of the machin ability
sheet, Fig. 3. 03711. of Bessem er
steel screw stock.
3.0371 2 Effect of low tempe rature and notch factor 4.022 Specia l measu res, such as chip curler s,
on notch are requir ed to
strengt h of cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3.0371 handle the very long chips formed by these
2. steels .
3.0371 3 Effect of test tempe rature on notch streng
th of plate, Fig.
3,0371 3. 4.03 Welding
3.0372 f"ractu re toughn ess 4.031 Genera l. Tbls steel can be welded readily
3.038 Combined propen ies by any of the
commo n weldin g method s.
4.032 Fusion weldin g ot sheet up to I /8 Inch thick
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Proper ties Is genera lly
done by the inen gas tungste n arc (TIG) method
3.041 Creep rupDire curves for bar at 1000 to 1800F, . 'The
Fig. shielde d metal arc welding proces s Is prefer
3.041. red for
sheet over 1/8 Inch thick and other produc
ts. Type 308
filler rod and electro des are used.
CODE 1303
PAGE 4
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA
"'"'"'
400
r--. 304 L
4.05
4.051
Surface Treatment
Cleaning prior to heating and welding should Include ~
a: ~
thorough removal of carbonaceous m"terlal and of any
pickup of zinc or lead from dies. Contamination from ~ 300 . ~
4.052
these sources may reduce the corroston resistance,
cause embrlttlement and susceptibility of lntergranular
attack <juring service or processing,
Passlvatlng In nitric acid Is required to establish highest
corrosion resistance.
200
- -. !'-.....__
"......._
TEMP- F
140 A
r TYPE 304
~ ANN
120 f..----
e VICKERS DPH
A ROCKWELL B
!60
TYPE 30< v !00 I - - -
156
eiOOO HR
O!O,OOOH
J EXPOSURE ::! 80 I - - -
... -r---
~
"' iS 2 ~
"'~
c:
~ 60 I - - -
r-- ~
"'
"'"'
V\ ..........
~
a: 148
~
14 4
140
_,.
,..
....
~
v
'
/
~ ~
f\
\
40 I - - -
20 1 - - -
~ 1--....
-..,
""
0 100 r 900 1000 1100 I 200 0 ~
o Yooo 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
TEMP- F
Ti!MP- F
FIG. 1. 063 EFFECT OF TIME AND TEMPERATURE OF
EXPOSURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE HARDNESS FIG. 1.065 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON HOT HARDNESS
OF ALLOY (31) (21)
CODE 1303
PAGE 5
FeA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
0.14
v LJ
TYP304
v
v
TYPE 304
~
~
VI"' 0.12
/
""'
J
-;;? 0.10 ,/
1/
/ --(13)
Tifi!RMAL CONDUCTIVITY
--
I
II
I
---(18)
0
I
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 I
TEMP-F I SPECIFIC HEAT
_l
0.04
FIG. 2.013 TIIBRMAL CONDUCTIVITY I
I
0.02 I
I - - (18)
- - - (35)
I I
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
TEMP- F
11
;:_,
50
TYJIB 304
v-
~
TYPB304
_.,
..,.,.,
.,.,.,
40
... 10
..."'
ltl 9
MEAN COBF LINEAR
TIIERMAL EXPANSION
~FROM RT TO TEMP INDICATED
0
I
/ " --(13)
- - - (35)
i!i - - (24)
"'g ...'
,. 20
~
~ 8 / - - - (15)
----}(16)
/ (21)
10
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 -400 0 400 800 1200 !600
TEMP- F TEMP F
FIG. 2.014 TIIBRMAL EXPANSION (15,p.6)(16)(2l,p.22)(24) FIG. 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (13)(35)
~ t
CCIIE 130'3 .:::,-
PAlE I
FeA
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS
....
"
5
TYPE 3o.f Fe
! 160 e AS-REC CONTROLS
IRRAD PROCESS TUBE SPEC
Low C
19 Cr
J
70 TO 140F
8 x 10 19 SLOW 10 Ni
3 . 120 1--...a~-.!1..!x:.;1~0::,:19:._F~A~S!..!T4----t
AT 200 OERSTEDS
I lYPES304.
304 L
--v
2
0.01
i!!i
:ll
..:
11!
TYPE304
i!!i
0.001
/ 200
/
/ "'
/"'
0.0001
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
100
l-
TYPE 304 BLC ~--~~---~--r----180
80
./
....--- ~
v 0
I
40
20
v
0 4 6 8
INTEGRATED NEUTRON
FLUX (I Mev), 1019 o.n REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 2.045 EFFECT OF IRRADIATION BELOW !OOC FIG. 3. 0213 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON TENSILE
(212F) ON YIELD STRENGTH (37) PROPERTIES OF SHEET (14,p.6)(23)
,I
CODE 1303
PAGE 7
FeA FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
Fe 240
TYPE 304
IN R.t.R
IOO
Low C
...__ A
19 Cr
200
80
.... ~ ~ FTU
10 Ni e 2000 , WQ, G 2 TO 5
A 1700F, AC, GS8
TESTED AT RT
TYPES 304, 160
60
304 L EXPOSJRE TIME l1000 HR
120
40
~
-t--
A ~
80 F
20 TY
.
!-- 40
z . 80
"'a:: ~
C)
~ RA
--
"'... 0 <>140
~80
...
<>I
...-
TEMP- F l: --..- ,.
e(21N)
FIG. 3,02I4 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES 40
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED SHEET 0 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
(23)
EXPOSURE TEMP - F
360
r-~~~----~------~----~~--r-----~r-P~E~304~
. SPRING WIRE
IOO
TYPE 304
ANN
60
EXPOSURE - 10,000 HR
i2 TESTED AT RT
40
20
100
.... FTY
-...,
80 - RA
.....,
!--
z
<>I
C)
a::
...
<>I
40
80
.. e
40
0 RT 800 900 1000 1100 1200 120 L-......L.--l-----L----.J..._---L--L.--L------1--~
0.006 0.010 0.020 0.040 O.I 0.3
EXPOSURE TEMP- F
DIAMETER - IN
FIG. 3.02I5 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE OF 10,000 HOURS TO
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE FIG. 3.02I7 AISI TENSILE STRENGTH RANGE FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF SPRING
PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED ALLOY (3I) WIRE (ll)
CODE 1303
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS
TYPE304 Fe
200 0. 063 IN SHEET +--+-.., ....--1
Low C
19 Cr
10 Ni
TYPES 3011\
304 L
SOL-----~----~----~----~
0 20 40 60 80
REDUCTION - PERCENT
TYPE 304
20 ~----+----+----~---~~
0 o~----=o.L.2::-----o-L.4_____..Jo.""'6---...Jo.l..s~
STRAIN - IN PER IN
60
TYPE 304
RT
40
- OOF
20
C: [600F
~OOF
If 40~--~----~----~--~L----J
0 0.16 0.32 0.48 0.64 o.so
0
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
STRAIN - IN PER IN
STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.03113 STRESSSTRAIN CURVES AT ROOM AND
FIG. 3.03112 STRESS STRAIN CURVES AT ROOM AND LOW TEMPERATURES (38)
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (18)
,.,, I
320 \o;,V
TYPB 304 (LOW C)
Fe 0.0631N SHBBT
Low C
2il0
19 Cr TBSTTBMP
e RT
10 Ni 4 -320P
-423P 240i2 .~
TYPES3()4\
304 L 200
"'
280 160
:uo
i2
' 200
t:
"' PTY
90
160 TYPB 304
TUBING
1950F, WQ
80
120
fO
70
~ 20
"'a:
0
..."' 60 .......... ,
0 OD, Wall, 't
0 20 fO 60 80 (In) Cln) GS Process
REDUCTION BY ROLLING - PERCENT i2 50
8.766
4 5.563
1.030
0.528
3/5
5/6
Hot Rolled
Rota Rolled
5.500 1.000 4/5 Hot Rolled
PIG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON TBNSILE .,. 4.500 0.650 5/6 Rota Rolled
PROPERTIBS OF SHEBT AT ROOM AND
LOW TBMPBRATURBS (39) fO
30
20
10~----~----~--~~--~~--~~---;
TEMP- F
CODE 1303
PAGE 10
REVISEDMARCHI967 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe A
"""' ~
Fru
100
Low C
........... 19 Cr
80
60
eANN
....._
...
10 Ni
~ A (WW C) ANN, 5/8 IN PLATB
40
r~ (WW C) ANN+ STRESS RBLIBF TYPES30o\
60~
J600F, 2 HR, AC
304L
i: 20
~ FTii
Ito
~
~
~ 40
i=
--
0
Ito
20 80
RA
....z -
0
Dl
~ 60 ....
...
Dl
~
e(21N)
r--r-- .....-
'
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP F
ANN
oL---~-----L-----L----~--~
0 400 800 1200 1600 1800
20
80
60
!i
"'t.l
!5... 40
20
0 400 800 . 1200 1600 2000 2400
TBMP- F
CODE 1303
PA~E II
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
80
~
\
TYPE 304 TYPE 304
Fe 1 IN BAR CASTINGS
80
-........
~
,,
CD 13% BEFORE ANN ANN
Low C ~
~
60
19 Cr ...
1-...n
'
" FTU
~
60
~
10 Ni FTU
~ 40 ...,
...
I~
TYPES304, ~ 40
1\-
304 L
20
~
~ t--.c..
t--..
FTY
20
0
80
- FTY ~
0
80 ......,
Ql.
""' -
~
- ~tJ
i ;.,._
RA
1'-
'
40
!-- 40
-.=---
RA
e(2 IN)
..:
"'...
e(21N)
r--..
z n.t.
~ 40 0
..: ANN TEMP GR SIZE ~ 0 400 800 !200 1600
..."' 1750
0 2050
8/9
3/5
TEMP F
... 2200 2/1
0 1200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 FIG. 3,03137 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEf1ATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS
TEMP F (14)
~0~----~----~----~----~------r-----~
PE 304
ANN
'\
'-
400
TYPE 304
80% CR AT 105F
350 ...........
e 0, 5 IN DIA BAR (43)
~
& BAR (22)
120 0, 75 IN PLATE (44)
300 ~
~
~
250
200
"'\
150
1\'\ e(2 IN)
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 OL------4~00~----~3~oo~---~2oo~-----~~oo~----o~----~~oo
TEMP- F TEMP F
FIG. 3,03136 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON ZEROLLED FIG. 3.03141 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
304 STAINLESS (42) PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED ALLOY (22)(43)(44)
COCE 1303
PAGE 12
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS
.TYPE 304
BAR, CD Fe
280
' ANN !95DP, 2 HR
~~
Low C
240
.. 19
10
Cr
Ni
"~
Pro
TYPES304,
i2 200
CROSSHEAD RATE
304 L
.... 0.005}
~ D. 02 IN/MIN
Ito !60 r- 0.2
120
~ 80-
~
112
~ PTY ~
~ I Ito
80
100
- 40
RA 360
~ PE 304
_,.,..v
80
(LOWC)
..... ~
..... --=
60 e(IIN)
I 1-=M---+- L T--l:----:1 ----4----1 320
~=~0.063
40 ~ 0
.6. A IN SHEET
} ::::
20
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 \1
o
70% c~J
70% CR.D.D31 IN SHEET 280
TEMP- P
280
180
120
140 40
40
1-
z
1-
z tl 20
c.;
"'CJ 20
c.; "'
0..
"'
0..
-400 -200 -I DO 0
0
-400 -300 -200 0 !DO
TEMP- F
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03144 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE AND
PERCENT COLD REDUCTION ON TENSILE
FIG. 3.03143 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET (39)
PROPERTIES OF COLD ORA WN SHEET (46)
"CODE 1303
PAGE 13
FeA FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
220 500
\..
Fe
low C ~
TYPE30f
CAST -
........
~E304
ANN
180
['... 460 ~
19 Cr
10 Ni
TYPES304.
304l
140
100
""' ~FTU .........
~
420
380
PRACTUI E STRES!
" 1'1..
"'\
"
~ ~
'\ ~ '-
60 340
........
20
70 - PTY ---. 300
~
60
......... ~UE STRRSS IAT MAX LOAD
~
VRA
so
!i1>:1 40 /
~
260
'\
""
~ 30
!:!SO _. 220
)I
~IN) .............
40
20
PIG. 3.03145
r
-300
~
-200
TEMP- P
-
-100
<2;
180
140
0.5
..
"" v ~"--.
(47) 0.4
~AINAT~
~
0.3 "' -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP- P
120
TYPB 30f
\ ANN
TEMP- P TEMP- P
FIG. 3.03146 BPPBCT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE YIELD PIG. 3.0322 EFFECT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON COMPRRSSIVE
STRENGTH-DENSITY RATIO (44) YIELD STRENGTH OP ALLOY (38)
CODE 1303
PAGE 14
REVISEDMARCHI967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA
1~ r-~-----r----~----~-----.----,
TYPE 30f, 30f 280
ANN
TYPE 3 (LOW C)
SHEET
Fe
Low C
240
19 Cr
10 Ni
200
TYPES3~
304 L
-1~
~ T
04Q%CR} '-
A 60% CR 0.063 IN
140 07Q%CR
V 70\{, CR 0.0311N
120
80
400 -300 . -200 -100 0 100
TEMP- P
0 L--~400~----~3~00~--~-2~00~----1~00~--~0~--~100
TEMP- P
400 r-~----~----~r-----~----r-----,
PE 304 (LOW C)
0. 012 IN SHEET
SO%CR
TYPE 304
ANN
120
110
i'- ~---
v ~
90
80 L
/
70
-300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP- P
TEMP- P
PIG. 3.0332 EPPECT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON
IMPACT PROPERTIES OP ANNEALED PIG. 3.03712 EPPECT OP LO\"/ TEMPERATURE AND NOTCH PACTOR
PLATE AND BAR (48) ON NOTCH STRENGTH OP COLD ROLLED SHEET (49)
CODE 1303
PAGE US
t-eA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
170
Fe TYPE 304 40
0. 75 IN PLATE TYPE 304
Low C ANN BAR
19 Cr
10 Ni
160
'~ 20
150
TYPES 304\
304l
"",, 10
140
- 8
' '\
!2
6
~130
60
' I'
\
"4
\
120
"-H)t1l r = 0.001
" \ 2
110 RUPTURE !800F
\\
100 10
-400 100 1000 !0,000
-300 -200 -100 0 100
TIME- HR
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR MR AT 1200
FIG. 3,03713 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEr.ATURE ON NOTCH STRENGTH TO 1800F (16)
OF ANNEALED PLATE (44)
so r-------r-------~------,
TYPE 304 (LOW C)
HOT FINISHED BAR
40
20
IS
~
10
5
RUPTURE
IL-------~----~------~ 4
100 1000 10,000 !00,000 tOO 1000 10,000 100,000
TIME- HR TIME HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR PIG. 3,043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT
AT IOOOF TO IBOOF (19,p.S) !OSOF TO 13SOF (SO)
CODE 1303
PAGE
._____ II:!__JI
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA
50 60 ....,
TYPE 3 ... , TYPE 304
ANN 2000F Fe
SHEET
:-..,
ANN 4 or--- ..,,< Low C
'\ 19. Cr
20
1\ 10 Ni
i2 10
8
\ r\.
TYPES3()o\
304 L
\.
''\
6
0'------"L----L-..----1
0.1 10 100
'
~
T = TEST TEMP , F
t =RUPTURE TIME, HR
TIME- SECONDS
FIG. 3,044 SHORT TIME CREEP RUPTURE I
CURVES FOR SHEET AT 1200
TO 2000F (51)
40 60 80
(T - 100)/Log t - 15
100 120
" 140
250
r-....
~
200 ~ .
""" "
"'
320F
1\..
150
""' SMOOTH
"' ""'
20 r---TY~PE""'3.,..,04,..----...,----., RT
1% CREE-P 100
50
~ =3.2
I\:f\: NOTCHED
-S20F
RT
104 1o6
NUMBER OF CYCLES
0.4
Fe TYPE 304 12
r-----~--~r-----TY~P~B~3~04~
Low C
19. Cr
~
"'
0,3
....- ~
- .,.. 10
ANN
10 Ni ~
i2
~
0.2
TYPES30'\ 8
304 L o. 1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 6
0 400 8t:Xl 1200 1600
1EMP F
TEMP F
FIG. 3.061 POISSON'S RATIO AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERA
TURES (;!1) FIG. 3,063 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
BLBVATBD TEMPERATURES (18)(31)
REFEREN CES
32
TYPE 304
1 AMS 5370, (March 1, 1955)
BAR 2 AMS 5371, (March 1, 1955)
3 AMS 5513, (June 15, 1953)
28 4 AMS 5560D, (January 15, 1958)
5 AMS 5565D, (January 15, 1958)
6 AMS 5566D, (July 15, 1963)
7 AMS 5639A, (June 15, 1959)
8 AMS 5697, (Novembe r 1, 1954)
9 AMS 55l1A, (June IS, 1952)
10 AMS 5647A, (Decembe r 1, 1953)
l.\ American Iron and Steellnstl tute, "Type 304 and 304L,
20 Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels", (June 1957)
12 American Casting Institute, "Corrosio n Resistant Type
..t. STATIC (37)
CF-8 ", .Data Sheet, (June 1954)
e DYNAMIC (17) 13 North American Aviation, lnc., "Stainless Steel-Typ e
........ __ ;
0 STATIC (20)
16 304 ", Ihta Sheet, (1957)
0 400 800 1200 14 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, "Alleghen y Metal
1600
188 ", Allegbcny Ludlum mue Sheet, (1958)
TEMP F Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, "Stainless Steel
Fabricatio n", p, 273, (1958)
FIG. 3.G621 MODULL'S OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM The Tim ken Roller Bearing Company, Steel and T\Jbe
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES Division, ''Digest of Steels", p. 56-57, (1957)
17 The T!mlcen Roller Bearing Company, Steel and T\Jbe
(17,p.82) (20,p.l7)
Division, "Resume of High Temperat ure Investigat ions
Conducted During 1948 to 1950", p. 82, (1950)
Westingho use Electric Corporatio n, Standards Engineer
log Section, "Bettis Plant Materials Manual", (May 1957)
Simmons, W. F. and Cross, H. C., '"The Elevated
Temperat ure Properties ot Stainless Ste.ls ", ASTM STP
No. 124, p. 5, (1952)
20 Garofalo, F., Malenoclc, P. R, and Stnitb, G. V,, '"The
40
TYP 304 lnlluence of Temperat ure on tbe Blastic Constants of
Some Commerc ial Steels", Symposium m Determina tion
of Elastic Constants , ASTM STP No. I29, p. 17, (June
25, 1952)
30
::.!= --.l<: -- r--. 21 Universal Cyclops Steel Corporatio n, ''High Temperat ure
~-- ~
... 22
Metals Uniloy 188S (AISI Type 304)", p, 22, (1959)
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, "Stainless Steel
Handbook", p. 66, (1956)
20 23 NASA (E-502), (1959)
e ~J 9;012 IN SHBBT 50?1) CR (LOW C) (49)
0 T 24 Furman, T., AIME, (1950)
- - 0, 750 IN DIA BAj,ANN (51 l 25
26
Timken Roller Bearing Co., Data Sheet, (1959)
NACA TN 2890, (1953)
IO 27 Cross, T., ASME, (1934)
-400 300 200 100 0 28 AMS 5567, (January 31, 1964)
100
29 United States Steel, "Data on USS 188S, Type 3M and
TEMP F USS 188L Type 304L Stainless Steel", (Aprlll96 2)
30 "Englneer lng Alloys Digest, lnc., "Alloy Digest Filing
FIG, 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND LOW C:OOO: SSSS Stainless Steel, (May 1957)
TEMPERATURES (49)(52) 31 National T\Jbe Division, Unite<' States Steel Corp, ''Pipe
and T\Jbes for Elevated Temperat ure Service", adletln
No. 26, (1956)
CODE I :503
PAGE 18
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS
[ CODE 1303
l
FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
,\ .,.
...
'TABLE 3 011
l, GBNBRAL .JIM~ (3 .
Type 305 stainless steel Is the member of the 18-8 steel Source AMS 1 AMS 2 Fe
Al!oy Tvne 305
famlly bavlng the highest nickel content considered to ~
wilbln th1s classtflcation. It ls, thetefore, the stainless Form Sheet strlo. olste Wire oaf~tv Wire rlvetlnor 18 Cr
ST
steel with the lowest rate of saaln lwdenlng, It Is used ln !condition
ST ST 12 Ni
sheet, strlp and plate form for dlfflcult drawing, splnoJ.og
and other forming op:rations and ln wire fonn for severe up-
setting, It also becomes less magnetic on cold work than
rhlckness - ln
CR, HR
<o. 025 1'5 o. 025
I
-
I
- -
110 TYPE305
the other 188 steels, particularly Type 301. This steel
has a higher carbon content than Type 304 and, therefore,
Pru max - ks
je(2 ln), min-perc<:!!
Plate ooly.
100
45
100
50
1!0
120
- -
a greater susceptlbUlty to lntergmnular corrosion after
exposure at 800 to 1500 F. The propenles of this alloy 3,02 Mechanical Properties at Room TeVifeerature
are otherwise nearly Identical with those of Type 304 and 3,021 Typical mechanical properties, Ta 3, 021.
are reponed here only as far as they differ from those of
Type 304. There e:<Ists also a free machining g'mde of TABLI! 3 021
the 18-12 composition. ource AISI 4
llov Twe305
l, 01 Commercial Designation. Typ: 305. Form Sh...t strio Plate Wlre
Condition Ann !':nftTemner
1,02 Altemate Designations, 18:8FS stainless steel, AISI Type Feu typ ksl 85 85 85 100
305 austenitic stainless steel, F1'2, typ - ksi 38 35 47 54
~-~ ln), typ-percent so 55 60 58
l, 03 Sp:clficatlons, Table 1, 03, RA-
~ardne"" RB
percent -
80
-- 77
78
74
82
TABLB 1 03
AMS Form Mlilt11nt
Sheet, strip, plate 3,022 Bffect of cold roUlng on tensUe properties of strlp, Fig,
5514A
3,022,
S68SC Wlre, safety
5686A Wlre, riveting
4, FABRICATION
---
SUIcon 1,00 1,00 1.00 same or less reduction ln the first draw than that of Types
Phosphorus 0,040 0,040 0,045 301 and 302, b.lt without lntetmedlate anneals !>:fore the
9Jlfur
Chromium
-
17.00
0,030
19.00
0,030
17.00 19,00
- 0,030
17,00 19.00
second and posslbly !unher draws. The reductions ln these
draws sllould b: consldembly lower than those P<JSSlble for
Nickel 10.00 13,00 10,00 13.00 10,00 13,00 Type 301 which needs llDD.eallng after each :haw, Type 305
-- -- 0,50 - -- --
Molylxlenum o:so also bas a greater tendency to bxome thln at sharp radll
Copper 0,50 than Types 301 and 302, Annooallng Ls necessaty U the
ron Balance Balance Balance hardness exceeds 35 to 40 RC. Bffect of cold rolllng on
hardness of the various s tralgtlt 188 s talnlesa steels, Fig.
4,012,
1,05 Heat T.o:ea.tment 4.013 Splnnlng OP"rations are preferably performed ln 'IYpe 305.
1,051 Anneal or solution treat, 1850 to 20\lO F, 1/2 to 1 br per ln The surface should be kept clean and free from foreign
thickness, 2 br mlnlmum for plate, alr cool ot quench, de particles durlng splnnlng,
pendlng on section size, Cooling to 800 F maximwn should
be withln 3 mln,
3, MECHANICAL PROPBRll.BS
Fe Fe-18Cr-12NI
16o STRJP
r:::
...-4
18 Cr CR
~
~
12 Ni
120 ..)
Fw ~
~~
TYPE 305 i!j
~___.
8
v
40 /
0~--
e(21N)
0
h ....___.
10 20 30 40 so 60
REDUCTION - PERCE'NT
._ -L Fe-18Cr12NI
SH ET
80
A~N RB
_,_, RC
CR 40%\ / 20%
"'
3: 40
:.:
u
;.
--
0
"-'
"' 20 REFERENCES
301 302 30~ 305
TYPE AMS 5514 A, (Feb. 15, 1952)
AMS 5685 C, (Feb. 15, 1952)
l'IG. 4.01l eFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON I'IIIUJ J AMS 5686 A, (Feb. IS, 1952)
NESS OF THE VARJCJUS s~RAIGHT 1H-H 4 American Iron and Steel Institute, ''Stainless nnd Heat Resisting
STJ\Ji'<LESS STEELS Steels -Type 305,"' Steel Products Manual, Uune 1957)
5 Allc;.heny J .\Xllum Steel Corporation, "'Ali<-ghcny M<'lnl 18-H,
Allcghen!' -udlum Blu" Sheets, (1948)
6 Allegheny Ludlum, (1959)
AUTHOR- MPDC
Fe A
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
1. GENERAL
These austenitic stainless steels contain considerably
more chromium and nickel than steels of the 18-8 Fe
family. These increase their resistance to high temper-
ature oxidation. Like most of the unstabillzed 18-8
25 Cr
steels, they are subject to intergranular carbide 20
precipitation in the temperature range of 800 to 1600F
Ni
which may make them wlnerable to attack by
condensation or other corrosive media. Wrought Types 310
products are available with two carbon contents; AISl
Type 310 with 0. 25 and AISI Type 310S with 0. 08 3105
percent maximum carbon. Castings are also produced
in two grades, CK-20 with 0. 20 percent carbon
maximum and HK with 0.20 to 0.60 percent carbon.
The lower carbon varieties are used where corrosion
resistance to liquid media is of prime Importance. The
formability of the wrought forms Is inferior to that of
Type 302 but the Type 310 steels possess good
weldabllity.
1. 01 Commercial Designation
Wrought Types 310 and 310S Cast CK-20 and HK.
1. 02 Alternate Designations
Wrought: 25-20 stainless steel, AISI Types 310 and
310S austenitic stainless steels.
1. 03 Specifications
Table 1.03
TABLE 1,03
1. 04 Composition
1. 041 AMS compositions, Table 1. 041.
TABLE 1.041
1.06 Hardness
1.061 Alloy can only be hardened by cold work. '-
1.062 Effect of shear form percent reduction em hardness of
sheet, Figure 1. 062.
~
propagatio n reslslance Is considerab ly lower In the
transverse than In the longitudinal direction (see
Figure 3. 03).
Notch Radius ~ 001 Inch
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
2.02 Other Physical Properties Source AMS C31l AMS C6JI AMS (4)(5) AMS C1J
2.021 Density. 0. 29 lb per cu inch, B. 02 gr per cu em. Alloy Tv Ill 310 s TVDB 310
Cast, o. 280 lb per cu inch, Sheet, Tubing, welded Casting,
2.022 Electrical properties. Form strip, Bar and sand
2. 0221 Electrical resistivity for wrought material, nlate seamless
Figure 2. 0221. Anneal
Condition
2. 0222 Cast electrical resistivity, cast 35.5 microhm-Inch.
Outside
2.023
2.0231
Magnetic properties.
This steel Is nonmagnetic. Type HK castings may be
diameter-inch < o312 ko 312
slightly ferro-magnetic.
Ftu.mln - ksl
2.0232 Effect of cold reduction on magnetic permeabillty,
Figure 2. 0232.
ma:t- ksl 100 - 105 100 -
e (21n) -min
2.024 Emittance, Figure 2. 024.
percent 40 -- - - -- -
2.025 Damping capacity.
Tube -- 40 -
2.03 Chemical Properties
Strip - 35 -
Hardness
2.031 Corrosion resistance. Thls alloy has good corrosion
resistance to many media but Is used primarily for
elevated temperature applications because other
stainless steels are more economical for equipment In
BHN -max
RB -max 90
(a) Hot finished. Bars
I - 187(a)
-
-
-
170
-
< o. 25 Inch and cold finished, 229
which resistance to corrosion by liquid media is
necessary. Because of Its high chromium content It
has good resistance to oxidizing and carburizlng
atmospheres. It Is widely used In sulfur-bearing gases
at elevated temperatures. It Is subject to inter-
granular carbide precipitation and loss or lntergranular
corrosion resistance In a manner similar to the 18-8
stainless steels when sm..: .dzad In the temperature
range of 800 to 1500F.
2.032 Oxidation resistance. This alloy Is good for continuous
service up to 2100F maximum and for Intermittent
service up to 1900F. At 1500F or higher In alr or
combustion atmospheres, thls alloy Is superior to
Type 18-8 steel.
2.033 Resistance to salt water corrosion and stress
corrosion is superior to other 300 grade stalnless
steels. Marine exposures produce no evidence of
stress corrosion for annealed or cold rolled material
at o. 9 Fty (37), Table 2. 0331.
The threshold stress for no corrosion cracking In
o. 5 NaCl + 0.1 NaN03ln 300 hours using 40 and 49
percent cold rolled transverse specimens Is at least
equal to the yield strength (37).
2.0331 Results of exposure to marine atmosphere on stress
corrosion of annealed and cold rolled sheet,
Table 2.0331. TABLE 2.0331
~i '
''~,,;;
4.02 Machlnlng. In general, this alloy machlnee in a manner 11
similar lXI Type 302 and the other 18-8 types of stainless
steel which do not contalD sulfur or selenium as free Fe-25Cr-20Ni Fe
machlnlng addltloas. CorrecUy conloured lools and
maintenance of spesds and feeds are requisites for good 10
MEAN COEFFICIENT LINEAR 25 Cr
THERMAL EXPANSION
production. 20 Ni
4.03 ~
4.031 General. The steel can be readily welded by either r.. 9 Typea310
p:;
electric or gas fusion methods. No prebeetlog is required. l>l 3105
4.032 Fusion welding of Types 310, 3108 and CK-20 is ill
preferably performed by the metal arc or inert gas arc
methods. Oxyacetylene welding is DOt recommended
because of possible adver11e effect on corrosion
reslstance by carbon plclmp. Type 310 welding rod
l5
p:;
l>l
ill
i5
8
,"
__ __ . ( 9)
(16)
should be used. Post annealing 1B recommended, unless 'f0 -----
------
(11)
(26)
the welded joint 1B DOt exposed lXI blghly corrosive
environments.
... 7
26)
Fe-25Cr-20N1
.....
ANNEALED+
_, _
0. 1875 Sheet
~
/
--
Fe-25Cr-20Ni
I--
ELECTRICAL
RESISTIVITY
-
v
20
0 400 800 1200 1600
RB = 81 ANNEALED TEMP -F
FIG. 2. 0221 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY FOR
WROUGHT MATERIAL (12)
20
0 20 40 60 80 100
PERCENT REDUCTION
FIG. 1. 002 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM PERCENT REDUCTION
ON HARDNESS OF SHEET (25)
1.005 I
20
Fe25Cr-20Ni
--- (12) /v
><
E-4
~
~
l>l
~
l>l
1.004
v
....- -
H=ZOO OERSTEDS -
Fe-25Cr-ZON1
/ ill 1.003
~
/ !-<
8
0
/
400
/
BOO 1200 1600
~
Cl
~
1.002
1.001
H= 50 OERSTEDS
I
- ,_...
0 ~0 40 60 80
TEMP -F
COLD REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 2. 013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (12) FIG. 2.0232 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON
MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY (32)
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969
\,,,J
180
1.0
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
Fe "'
~!il
COLD ROLLED SHEET
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
25 Cr 160 ....-! 180
u.s ~
20 Ni HEATED 2100F,
"'H 15 MIN IN AIR
~
FTU ~
Types 310 ;:; I 140 160
~ 0.6
310 s ~
~
~
p;
"'
:I:
p.
0.4
TOTAL HEMISPHERICAL
'"'
120
FTY
---... .......
140
~
I
><
I ----1 rt'
~ EMISSIVITY
I
- - A S ROLLED
0 30 60 90
ANGLE - DEGREES
FIG. 3,0214 EFFECT OF ANGLE BETWEEN STRESS AXIS
AND ROLLING DffiECTION ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED SHEET
(37) Table 2
200
"' ,
Fe -25C r-20N!
160
,1875 SHEET
ANNEALED PLUS 0/
W~
SHEAR FORMED
Fn1
120
v
~/; FTY
80
40
(
v L
T
FTU
...
0 0
FTY
6
e
110
Fe-25C-20Nl
.1875 SHEET
ANNEALED PLUS
60 EACH POINT AVERAGE 100
3 TESTS
I
40
1\ ~ 90
0
\ iE
'"' 80
EACH POINT AVERAGE
3 TESTS AT
"'
ROOM TEMPERATURE
0
0 20
r---.. e(2 IN)
40 60
- 80
PERCf::NT- REDUCTION PERCENT -REDUCTION
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM REDUCTION ON TENSILE FIG. 3.0251 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM REDUCTION ON
PROPE:!11ES OF SHEET (25) SHEAR STRENGTH OF SHEET (25)
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
.~
Fe-25Cr-2 0Ni Fe
O. 750 DIAMETER BAR ANNEALED 25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
3105
44
_..--1-
I
Fe-25Cr-2 0Ni ~
20 ~----~----~----~-----+----~----~
062 SHEET ANNEALEijl
40
v TEST CONDITIONS
36
I METHOD OF HEATING
=RESISTA NCE
I
0 .12 .24 .36 .48 .60 .72
HEATING RATE = 200F /SEC
STRAlN - IN PER IN
STRAIN RATE= 0.001 IN/IN/SEC
STRESS- STRAlN CURVES AT ROOM TEMPERA TURE 32
FIG. 3.03111
AND LOW TEMPERA TURE FOR BAR (23)
1/ l bOoF
28
r
I/
1-- 800F
-
~ 24
1/ 1000F
-
120!!:_
~
20
1---- 1400F
16
71~
(/
1600F
/
1/
12
1800F
/
8
I
2000F
0
0
v 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
2200F
0.006 0.007
STRAIN -IN/IN
FIG. 3.03112 STRESS'lT RAIN CURVF.S FOR SHEET AT
ELEVA'r;m TEMPERA TURE (28)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1919
Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Typea 310
3105
280
l_I I I
240
200
- 2 s t : : : (SPECI NO. i 7)
aI v -
UNIAXIAL (SPEC NO, USL 5)j
13.0
ifJ
ry:,pNIAXlf-L (SP~ NO, ,USL 2) 'I
:1 BIAXIAL (SPEC NO. BS 26)
120
! I I I
80 - TEST TEMPERATURE :
ROOM TEMP
TEST TEMPERATURE :
ROOM TEMP
_I
240
-L ~2:~ Bwah
(SPEC NO, BS 31)-
~~(SPEC NO. BS 12)
f;LlJOLO,
{;rz ..
200
L <-1:1 BIAXIAL
I (SPEC
I NO.BS
I 24)
160 - UNIAXIAL (SPEC NO, USL 3)
~ I I I
f.,A:1 B~L (SP~ NO.fS 18)
I
120
I I I
TEST TEMPERATURE :
80 '-----
-105 F - TEST TEMPERATURE :
-423 F
0
LONGITUDINAL GRAIN
_\ _I_ _\ .
LONGITUDINAL GRAIN
I
0 1 2 3 4 50 2 3 4 5
NOMINAL PRINCIPAL STRAIN - PERCENT
FIG. 3,03113 TYPICAL STRESS-sTRAIN Clo"RVES FOR UNIAXIAL AND BIAXIAL STRESS AT
ROOM TEMPERATURE AND LOW TEMPERATURE (20)
1'"8A
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
-
{.
:
'
'
Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
3105
230r-----~-----r----~~----~----~----~
Fe-25Cr-20Ni
.125 SHEET ANNEALED
J ~
220
I
><
E-o
180
""
L T
0
20 140
zr"'E-o
0 10 100
=
r"'
""
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP -F
FIG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TENSU.E PROPERTIES
OF SHEET (20)
t-eA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1!69
Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
3105
320. ..---....---"" T'"---.----- ::RE=F,.--, (2""9'"")r-:(::-:31:-:-)-:(::-:30::-t)
SHEET SIZE 080 020 020
0
12.5
PERCENT 37. 5
REDUCTION 40 0
60 A
62.5.
75 "'
80 ..
90 0
160 280
120 240
80
200
~
160 I
J:
120
80
80 40
0
-300 -200 -100 0
TEMP -F
FIG. 3.03122 EFFECT OF PERCENT REDUCTION AND LOW TEMPERATU RE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET (29)(30)(31)
"l.'J
FeA
REVISED: MARCH 1169 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
3105
90~----r-----r-----r-----r-----r-----,
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
~
0. 062 INCH SHEET
ANNEALED
-
60~----+-----~~--\.~--~----+-----+-----4
.\.
50~----+-----4-----~----~-----+-----460
~ 40~--~~---4-----+i\4-*~0 --~--~~---450
rt \.
30 !1 \ 40
"\ \'
~r--.___
10~----+-----4---~~~*--+--~~-----420
N
~ ~~
\. ~
O L T STRAIN RATE -.J...~~.-.D.--4-----4 10
IN/IN/SECOND
e . 0001 TO YS, THEN 001 TO RUPTURE f..... ~
60 0 001 TO YS, THEN . 01 TO RUPTURE ~ ~~
0
E-o A . 01 TO YS, THEN .1 TO RUPTURE
~ 0
Ql---~'
~~ 40~----+-~ w~-~~~~--~-----+-----~+-----~
- 'k e(21N)
~ ~-.,.Q/
20L---~L_--~----~==~~~-----L----~
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
TEST TEMPERATURE -F
"',_
IV"'
Fe
200~~~--~--------------,
FE-25Cr-20N i
o. 020 INCH SHEET
_
\ ...
40 PERCENT COLD ROLLED
25 Cr
20 Ni
Typa310
3105
80~
t 200
Fe-25C r-20Ni
O. 020 INCH SHEE'r
40
160
0
120 160
~ 80
120
0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMPERATU RE - F ~
"'
FIG. 3.03124 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPER-
ATURE ON TENSll.E PROPERTIES OF 40
40
80
~I
PERCENT COLD ROLLED SHEET(26)
1:
200 ~------~F-e--2-5-C-r--2-0N~i~--------~
0
"'
40
0.020 INCH SHEET
GO PERCENT COLD ROLLEU L T
0
150
0
80 ~
I
40
E
FIG. 3.03126 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPER-
0
PERATUm; ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF 75 PEHCENT COLD ROLLED SHEET
(39)
TEMPERATU RE -F
FIG. 3.03125 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPER-
ATURE ON TENSU.E PHOPERTIES OF
60 PERCENT COLD HOLLED SREET
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
t' - ";
zzo I I I I Fe
Fe-25Cr-20Ni
25 Cr
180
140
'~ ~
5/8 JNCE PLATE
ANNEAL 21001', 1 HR + WQ 20
Types 310
3105
Ni
FTU.............
~
~ 100
~ ....... ........_
rt' r---.
60
v.. ~
> ~
v
70
f-o
z
1>1
~
1>1
llo
60 0
I
RA
~
200
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
750 DIAMETER BAR ANNEALED
50
-400 -300 -200
TEMP -F
-100 0 100
180 \..
~
FIG. 3. 03131 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
(21) 0
PROPERTIES OF PLATE
160
'\ FTU
.... 140 ~
~ 100
~
I
!-
"\
~....
~
120
"'
IZ '"'.
~
80
60
100
~ """ I'-.
"'-.,
~
.
CROSSHEAD
I
RATE
80 IN/MIN ~Tu FTY e RA
' 40 rF
> 005 ... ...
~
-..............
[----.
1 0 0
so 20
e(4D)
-
60
v/
/_
f-'"
~
L'
v-
--- c--.....
-
40 ~
y
20
-400 -300 -zoo -100 0 100
TEMP- F
Fe 100
25 Cr
20 Ni 80
Types 310
3105 60 ~
I
g
[
40
Fe-25C r-20Ni
1 INCH BAR 100
20
e 2150F, WQ (GS4 to 6)
0 l700F, AC(GSS)
80
0
60
~
I
::0
40 '"'
[
~
>< 40 1---:::t--..,----l----t----C~----;
20
rt z'"'
l>l
f;!
l>l
0 Po
0
0~----L-----~----L---~~--~--
0 400 --~
800 1200 1600 2000 2400
TEMPER ATURE- F
FIG, 3.03143 SCATTER BANDS FOR ELEVATED TEMPER
ATURE TENSILE.
PROPER TIES OF BAR (15, p, 40-48)
Fe-25Cr- 20Ni
PRECISION INVESTMENT
CAST
e
0 L-----~----~----~----~----~
0 400 BOO 1200 1600 2000
TEMP -F
FIG. 3. 03142 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPER ATURE
ON
TENSILE PROPER TIES OF BAR (13, p. 80)
20L-----~----~------~----~----
~
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TEMP -F
FIG. 3. 03151 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPER ATURE
ON
TENSILE PROPER TiES OF CASTING (17)
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
Fe-25Cr- 20Nl
.5PLATE 25 Cr
80 20 Ni
Typea310
---; so
6or-----+---~~----_,------+-----,_-- 2150F, WQ 3105
~ e AS RECEIVED PRIOR TO WELD GRAIN SIZE 4/6
o ASWELD ED
!;: 40 C WELDED PLUS ANNEAL (1950F, 1/2 HR) -t----- -1 ~ 60
E-< IECHAR PYV
1<4
40
EXPOSURE
CHARPY KEYHOLE IMPACT TEST 0 1HOUR
e lOOOHOUR
20
0 100 0 400 800 1200 1600
-400 -300 -200 -100
TEMP -F TEMP -F
ON IMPACT FIG. 3.0333 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND ELEVATED
FIG. 3. 0331 EFFECT OF WELDING AND LOW TEMPERATURE TEMPER ATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH
STRENGTH OF PLATE (24)
OF BAR (13, p, 80)
----~----~-----,
loor-----~-----r-----,,-
Fe-25Cr- 20Nl
750 DIAMETER BAR
ANNEALED
80 Fe-25Cr- 20Nl
60 CASTINGS (TYPE CK-20)
~r---
60~----+------+--~~~----+-----
4-----~
ANNEAL
v
~V /"(so/\
/
......
feA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969
Fe Fe-25C r-20Nl
0.020 SHEET
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
L
T
----
-----
.....
SMOOTH kt= 3.2, 6.3, 19.0
0 c I;.
350
3105 00
0
300
R- 0.025 Kt = 3.2
R = 0.010 Kt = 6.3
150
~ 200r---~~----~----~~~=--+------+-~~nrl
z
100L-----~----~~----~----~------~----~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERATURE- F
350
Fe-25Cr-20NI
O. 020 INC II SHEET
75 PERCENT COLD ROLLED
300
L T
o Ftu
250 ... C Fty
6. SHARP NOTCH
~
200
150
100
-300 -200 -100 100
TEMPERATURE-F
FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF CRYOGENIC TEST TEMPERATURE ON SHARP
NOTCH STRENGTH OF COLD ROLLED SHEET (39)
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-25Cr-20Ni Fe
.125 SHEET
240 1---4'-.,..,....~IIIN---+-- 3/4 HARD CONDmON 25 Cr
20 Ni
2001---- Typea310
STATE OF 3105
STRESS L
1:0--- 2'40
2:1--
1:1---
200
10
160 8
~ ~
I
I>< 6
!-<
r..
10 120
4
0~--~~--~----~----~----~ ----J
-400 -100 0
-300100 -200 1 10 100 1000
TEMP -F TIME -HOUR
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 1000 TO 1800F
FIG. 3. 0381 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES FOR BAR ANNEALED AT 2150F (13)
FOR UNJAj\IAL AND BIAXIAL STATES OF STRESS FOR
SHEET (20)
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
801-------~-----
1 INCH BAR
601---~~~~---4- 1700F, AC
(G!:l, 8)
I
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
40 0.050 INCH SHEET
10
~ 2000F, AC
8
6 1200F
20
RUPTURE
10 100 1000
TIME -!lOUR TIME-HOUR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 1000 TO 1800F FIG. 3.043 CREEP CURVES FOR SHEET AT 1200
FOR BAR ANNEALED AT 1700F (13) AND 1600F (14,flg. 24, p. 43)
FERR OUS ALLO YS REVISED: MARCH 1969
.
\ ,
Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types310
3105 30
25 Fe-25Cr- 20Nl TEST TEMPER A'llJRE 1400F
20 .062 SHEET
ANNEAL IN._ ~ r....._
15
PLASTIC CREEP ~- ....... I'
-~-- t--
10
L T STRAIN PERCEN T 1'--., r-r-
9
X l( RUPTUR E
8
0 10 1600F
25
0 8
20
15
10
.....
II.
0
A
0
c
I>.
!:>.
.5
.2
6
4
2
1 --
........._
1--
,. '""'
I 1-
,....
~~
--- -
~ --...
E!: ~[a
~ ,_
_a.,.tJ
~~ ~
8
7
\5
9
0 .05
'
1800F
-:::- '""' <.::::
--
10 ~ Ia-. .... ..
---
9
8
7
~
-:-- -- --
- ;;;;;;;. ~
f-
.._ ~ !:,.!" ...
6
5
~
- ~~
--.;
-..... F...:...
b
~
::--- r-;;::: ::;:::; b.
~
4
3
r--..
-- ~
2000F
6 h ,.}\
5
........... ..;;;., ~~~
"'
4 r-- r-..~
y..,..., ~
3 --.....__ '
' I'-.
r---... .......... ""
.....~
2 r.... .........
3 2!00F
"' I
2
1
.1 .5 1
-- 5
...........
10
_""
50 100
........
........__
I--...
~
-..... .........--r--
........... ,_
.. 1--
I':: .""'-t""-
~ ~ :;: .....
r----: r-....
~ t'--
~
...
I'- ,.
'!"'>'
TIME - SECONDS
FIG. 3.044 SHORT TIME CREEP AND RUP'llJRE BEHAVIOR FOR SHEET
AT ELEVATE D TEMPERA TURE (28)
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-25Cr-20N1 Fe
CASTINGS (TYPE HK)
AS CAST
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
.4 3105
-
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
~~ _./~
.3
!!'
4
~
f!l .2
~
.1
10 100 1000 0 400 800 1200 1600
TIME -HOuR
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.045 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES
FOR CASTINGS AT 1400 TO FIG. 3.061 POISSON'S RATIO AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
2000F (33)
(11)
i
~.:
<
t~
I!
.,
... "'
i
r~
f Fe-25Cr-20NI
75 DIAMETER BAR
~
~ 80
ANNEALED
'
~. \ AXIAL LOAD ROOM
TEMPERATURE TEST
[\ R= -1
70
f
I. \
/
60
lil 50
:.:
40
30
20
10
CYCLES
FIG. 3.051 ROOM TEMPERATURE S-N CURVE FOR ANNEALED BAR (35)
,.
"
r t:.tUiU U5 ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 196e
Fe Fe-25Cr- 2om
25 Cr BAR
20 Ni
Typea310
3105
e DYNAMIC (13)
0 STATIC (18)
~~---
0
-~----~----~----~
400
800 1200 1600
32 TEMPERA TURE - F
I I
Fe-25Cr-2 0N1
I FIG. 3.0621 MODULUS OF ELASTIC ITY AT ROOM
AND ELEVATE D TEMPERA TURES
.l__ .062 INCH SHEET (13)(18, p. 17)
28
ANNEAL -
' I'~
24
" '
~ "...,.
20
4
~
~ 16
~
i.
0
0
....
0
( 0
0
STATIC MODULUS
.0.
~
Fe-25Cr-2 0N1
SHEET
~
30 ..... 4
... ~
~
0
0
....
0
25
20
REFEREN CE
(27)
(20)
.020 SHEET
.125SHEE T
L
T
0
.0.
-
3/4 HARD
CONDITION
15 I I I I
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERA TURE - F .
~ '
u~----~----~----~----~----~ 22. Warren, K.A. and Reed, R.P., ''Tensile and Impact
Fe-25Cr-20N1 Properties of Selected Materlals from ZO to
300 Degrees K", NBS Monograph 63 (June 1963)
Fe
ANNEALED
23, Gantner, C.J. and Reed, R.P., ''The F..Uect of 25 Cr
Experimental Variables Including the l'&arlensltic
Transformallon on the Low-Temperstl!!'a Mechanlcal 20 Ni
Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels", Trans
ASM, Vol. 55 (1962)
24. Krlvabok, V.N. and Thomas, R.D. Jr., ''Impact Typea310
Tests of Welded Austenitic Stainless Steels", 3105
Reprint from the Welding Journal Research Supple-
ment (Sept 1950) by the International Nickel Company,
6L-----~--~----_.-----L----~ Inc. ~eb. 1958)
0 400 800 HOO 1600 25. Jacobs, Frank, "Mechanical Properties of Materials
Fabricated by Shear Forming", ASD-TDR-62-830
TEMPERATURE - F
(Feb. 1963) contract number AF33(616)-7874,
FIG. 3.063 MODULUS OF mGJDITY AT ELEVATED Temco Electronics and MlssUes CompP.ny, Dallas,
TEMPERATURES (34) Texas
26. Furman, D.E., "Thermal ExpanslonCharacterlstlcs
of Stainless Steels Between -300 and 1000 degrees F"
Jollrnsl of Metals (Aprl11950) Transactions A::ME,
Vol. 188
27. Christian, J.L., "Phy&lcal and Mechanlcal Properties
of Pressure Vessel Msterlsls for Appllcstlon ln a
Cryogenic Environment", ASD-TDR-62-258 (March
1962)
REFERENCES 28. Rabenstelne, A.B., ''MeciUIIllcal P:o:perties of 310,
316 and 316L Btainless Steel Sheet Alloys at ElevatOO
1. AMS 5365 A, (June 1, 1951) Temperalllres", contract number AF33(657)-8706,
2. AMS 5366 A, (Dec. 1, 1951) Project 281 (Dec. 1962) The Marquardt Corporation,
3. AMS 5521 B, (March 1, 1955) Van Nuys, CalHornla.
4. AMS 5572 B, (March 1, 1955) 29. Hooper, A. F., ''Compilation of Materlsls Research
5. AMS 5577 A, (March 1, 1955) Dsta", 1st Quarterly Progress Report Phase I
6. AMS 5651 D, (Jan. 15, 1960) (MRG-293) (June 1962 to Sept. 1962), AF33(616)-7984,
7. AMS 5694 B, (Jan. 15, 1959) Task 738103, Convair, Astronautics Division,
B. AMS 5695 A, (June 1, 1951) General Dynamics Corporation
i
9. American Iron and Steel Instilllte, "Btainless and Heat so. Hooper, A. F., ''Compllstlons of Materials Research
t Resisting Steels", Steel Products Manual (June 1957) Dsta", 2nd Quarterly Progress Report Phase I,
"-~" 10. Alloy Casting lrlslllllte, ''Corrosion Resistant Type AR-692-1-329, (Sept. 1962 to Dec 1962)
CK-20 11 , Data Sheet (June 1954) AF33(616)-7984, Task 738103, Convair, Astronautics
11. Alloy Casting Instilllts, ''Heat Resistant Type HK", Division, General Dynamics Corporation
Dsta Sheet (March 1957) 31. Watson, J.F. andChristlan, J.L. "ASilldyof
12. Hogan, C.L. and Sawyer, R.B., "Thermal Austenite Decomposition at Cryogenic Temperalllres",
Conductivity of Metals at High Temperature", ERR-AN-057, 3rd Quarterly Progress Report
Journal of Applied Physics, American lnstilllte of Phase I (June 9, 1961), Convair, Astronautics
Physics, Vol. 23 (Jan -Dec. 1952) Dlvlslon, General Dynamics Corporation
Ill. Tlmkln Roller Bt>arlng Company, ''Digest of llteeie 32. Post, C.B., Eberly, w.s., ''Stshillty of Austenite
for High Temperalllre llervlce" (1957) ln Stainless Steel", Trans. American Society of
14. Mlller, J., Smith, M.L. and Porter, P. K. Metals, 39, (1947, page 868)
''Utillzallon of Low Alloy Materials for High Temper- 33. Garofalo, F., Malenock, P.R., Smith, G.V.,
alllre Service Appllcations", AFTR-No. 5929 "'The Influence of Temperalllre on the Elastic
(June 1949) Constants of Some Commercial Steels", ASTM-
15. Simmons, W.R. and Cl'oss, H.C., ''The Elevated Bpeclal Technlcal Publlcstlon No. 129, (1952, page 10)
Temperalllre Properties of Stainless Steels", 34. Garofalo, F., ''Temperature Dependence of tho
ASTM-BTP-No. 124 (1952) Elastic Modull of Several Stainless Steels",
1G. Jones and Laughlln Steel Corporation, "Sta nless Proceedings, ASIM-60 (1960)
Steel, J and L Type 310 Stainless Steel", Data Sheet 35. Smith, H. W., Hlrchherg, M.H. f>lanson, S,S.,
(July 25, 1958) "Fatigue Behavior of Materlsla under Strain Cycllng
17. Haynes Stelllte Company, ''Haynes Type 310 Btainless ln Low and Intermediate Life Range", NASA,
Steel", Data Sheet (1959) TN-D-1514 (Aprl11963)
18. Garofalo, F., Malenock, P.R. andSmithG.V., 36. Allegheny-Ludlum Steel Corp. Research Laboratory
''The Influence of Temperalllre on the Elastic Brackenridge, Pa., Data Sheet 112-73058-310,
Constants of Some Commercial Steels", Symposium ''Room and Elevated Temperalllre Tensile Properties
on Detel'lilinatlon of Elastic Constants, ASTM -BTP of Cold Rolled Type 310 (1958)
No. H9 (June 25, 1952) 37. B. L. Logan and M. J. McBee, "Stress Corrosion
19. DeCorso, S.M. andColt, R.L., "Measurement of Cracking of Cold Reduced Austenitic Stainless Steels",
Total Ellll.toslvities of Gas-Turbine Combustion ASTM Materlsls Research and Standards (April 1967-
Materials", ASME, Vol77 (1955) page 137)
20. McClaren, s. w. and ForeiDSD, C.R. ''Cryogenic 38. R.J. Walter and W.T, Chandler, "Effec:ta of High
Design Data for Matsrlals Subjected to Un1axlal S:ld Pressure Hydrogen oc Metals", Rocketd-JDB
Multiaxlal Stress Field", AFML-TR-65-140 R-7234-2, NASA contract NAB 8-19, (March 29,
(May 1965) 1968)
21. DeS!.sto, Thomas S., "Low Temperature Mechanical 39. G.B. Espey, 'M.H. Jones and W.. F. Brown Jr.,
Properties of Base and Weld Deposits of Selected ''Factors Influencing Fraalllre Toughness of Sheet
Austenitic Stainless Steel", AMRA-TR-63-08 Alloys forUae ln Light Weight Cryogen!c Tankage",
(July 1963) BTP-302, ASTM (19G1 -page 140)
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Carbon
Chromium
- 0.18 - 0.12
23.00 25.00 23.00 25.00
-
23.0 26.0
0.25 2.033
(7).
Other chemical properties
2.0331 This alloy has outstanding carburlzatlon resistance, higher
Copper
Manganese
- - -
1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00
0.50 -
-- 2.00 than Type 310 because of Its greater silicon content. Car-
burlzatlon susceptibility, Fig. 2.0331.
Molybdenum
Nickel
- 0.50 - 0.50
19.00 22.00 19.00 22.00
- -
19.0 22.0 2.04 Nuclear Properties
Silicon 1.50 2.30 1.70 2.30 1.50 3.00
P:1osphorus
Sulfur
-
-
0.040
0.030
-- 0.040
0.030
-
-
0.04
0.03
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
CODE 1306
'FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
TYPE 314 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties ~0. -..
3.041
3.042
Creep rupture streugth at 1200 to 1800 F, Fig. 3. 041.
Creep cw:ves for annealed sheet at 1200 to 1800 F, Fig.
0
~
r---
3.042.
~ 0
oo 20 40 60
3.05 Fatigue Properties DHPTH BHLOW SURFACE - IN x 10-3
3.06 PIC. 2.0331 CARBURlZATION SUSCEP'Il-
Hlastlc Properties
3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room temperatur.,, 29,000 ksl, BILITY
(5)
(4) (5).
4. FABRICATION
4.02 ~
4. 021 General. Because of work hardening the feed should be
as heavy as possible In order to obtain a high metal re-
moval at a relatively low surface speed. Sharp t<lols at
all times are necessary. Sulfurized cutting oils dll uted
with paraffin oil are recommende d, (5) (7).
4.03 Welding
4.031 General. The all<J1 can be welded by gao or arc methods
without the use of pre- or postheat. However, annealing
Is recommende d alter welding for maximwn corrosion re-
sistance, (7).
4. 032 Type 310 electrcdes are recommended , (5).
4. 05 Surface Treating
14 Fe-25Cr-:Z0N
i-2SI
-{5)
(7)
l1o 12
"'
ll!
- -
MEAN COBF LINBAR
~40
~
THERMAL EXPANSION
_...
.
!:iiO _..._...
Ill
0
"'
~
"''s a - ~
FROM Rr TO TEMP
INDICATED
re20~-- -+~--;-----r-~-;
10000~--- -~~--~~----~-----'
1200 1400 1600 1800
6 HXPCISURE TEMP - F
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 PIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF LONG-IlMll HXPOSURE
TBMP- F AT HLHVATEDTEMPBRATURES ON
PIG. 2.014 THERMAL HXPANSION ROOM TEMPilRATURH DUCTILITY OF
(7)(5) ANNEALED ALLOY
(5)
CODE 1306
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
---
-
...
F'l"Y
~
.......~ --,~ '----
-
1400 F ~-- ......
..
40
~- ~ 10
8
;>...,. '
0
80
0
60
6
1600 F
......
,
-~~ !'-...,-...........
...
.,................ RA
0 t
1'-- ~ / 40~
~ r--~~---
....... ~ '''
,. Dl
'
0 0
\
/
a:;
ll! \'
' 40
..
................
- e(21N)
-
1--_.....
/
20.:::
a:;
2
0.01
FIG. 3.042
0.1 1
TIME -HR
10 1JU 1000
0
8
'-~
'- ~
100 HR
6 ' "S..
..........
"\ !'..... REFEREN CES
1
' ......
--- 1800
4
5
ASTM S. T. P. No. 124, (Jan, 1952)
.. Physical and Mechanica l Properties ol. Some Hlgb-5tre ogth
Fine Wires .., DMIC Memo 80, (Jan. 20, 1961)
Crucible Steel Co. ol. Arnerlca, .. Crucible 314 Stalnless
Steel .., [)a.ta Sheet, 4th Revlsloo, (Feb. 1959)
1200 1400 1600 6 Wyman-G onion Cn., .. Forging Temperat ure for Stslnless
TEST TEMP- F Steels and High Temperat ure Alloys .., Da.ta Sheets, (Jan.l9,
CREEP RUPTURE SfRENGT II AT 1959)
PIG. 3.041
1200 TO 1800 F 7 Alloy Digest, .. AJSl Type 314 , FU!ng Code: SS-100, Stain-
(3, p.109, 110) (7) less Steel, (Feb. 1960)
CODE 1306
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
(_)
GENERAL . I.a5 Heat Treatment
1.
The addition of molybdenum to 18-8 type stalnless steel I.a5! Anneal Fe
imparts a corrosion resistance superior to that of other 1. a5U Wrought products. 185a to 215a F, air cool or quench
depending on section size. 195a F minimum for Rheet
18 Cr
austenitic steel grades when exposed to many types of
corrodents. Several varieties of 18-8+Mo are avallable. alloys. 13 Ni
The most widely used wrought product Is Type 316 which 1. a5!2 Castings. 195a to 2100 F, water or oll quench or alr cool.
contains a. 08 percent maximum carbon and 2, 5 percent Low side of temperature range is used for CF 8M, but + Mo
molybdenum. Type 317 contains 3. 5 molybdenum. In CF 12M should be quenched from above 2000 F.
Type 316 L the carbon content Is a. a3 percent maximum. I.a52 Stab!Uze for high temperature service, 1625 to 1675 F,
A free machlnlng grade containing sulfur and 2 to 4 hrs, furnace or air cool. TYPE 316.
phosphorous, as well as a columbium stablllzed grade I.a53 Stress relief. 4aa to 75a F, 1/2 to 2 hr.
(I'ype 318) are also produced. Cast alloys aje CF 3 M
TYPE 317
(simllar to Typ': 316 L) and CF 8 M (similar to Type 3!6) 1.06 Hardenab!llty. Alloy can be hardened only by cold worlc.
and, for higher temperature.appllcations, CF 12 M with
about a. 12 percent carbon. 18-B+Mo Is generally used In 1.07 Forms and Conditions Avallable
the annealed condition, and, for high temperature 1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercial range of sizes
service, It may be given a stablllzlng heat treatment. for all forms In the annealed condition.
Wrought products are readily formable and weldable. 1.072 Sheet, strip and wire are also available in cold worlced
Castings are also weldable and the metal arc method is conditions having various strengths.
most often used. 1.073 Sand, centrifugal and precision Investment castings are
avallable In the as cast or annealed conditions.
I. 01 Commercial Designation
1. au Wrought alloys. AlSI Types 316, 316 L, 317. 1. a8 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt.
1. a!2 Cast alloys. CF 3 M, CF 8 M, CF 12 M (A. C. I. desig- Consumable electrode vacuum melt.
nations). La9 Special Considerations
I. a91 Prolonged heating at temperatures from 800 to 1600 F
I. a2 Alternate Designations. 18-8 Mo stainless steels, may result in embrlttlement and stress corrosion
18-8 +Mo. sensitivity.
I.a92 Because of Its reduced stress corrosion sensitivity,
I.a3 Specifications. Table I. a3 Type 316 L is recommended when heavy cross sections
cannot be annealed after welding or where low temper
TABLE I a3 ature stress relieving Is desired.
Fnrm Mtlttnrv
53608
53618
-- Castings, Investment
Castings, sand MILS867(Shlps)Class lll 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
and centrifugal
55248 316 Sheet, strip, plate MILS5a59 A(ASG)Comp316 2. 01 Thermal Properties
55738 316 Tubing, seamless 2. 011 Melting range. 2500 to 255a F.
5648C 316 Bar, forgings, forging stock 2. a!2 Phase changes
and mechanical tubing MILS772a Comp MCR 2. 0121 This steel Is subject to precipitation of carbides, !or-
5690B 316 Wire, screen and welding mation of 1errlte and sigma phase on heating at 800 to
56918 316 Electrode, coated welding 16aa F. This "sensitization" Increases with the carbon
5649 l&r, forgings(free machining) content. It Is associated with -embrlttlement and suscep-
forging stock tibility to stress corrosion.
- 3!6 S.;lrur wlr" OO-W-4:1S 2. ai22 Although this steel may transform on severe cold worldng
to a slight extent to ferrite (martensite), the resulting
increase in magnetic permeability is usually very small
1. a4 Composition and the steel can be used under certain conditions which
I. a41 AMS specified compositions for Type 3!6, Table I. 041.
require a nonmagnetic material.
TABLE 1.041
Source AMS (!) AMS (2) AMS (3) (5) (6) (7) AMS (4) AMS .(8)
Castings, invest. CaatiiiJ!II
Percent Percent Percent Pe:pent Percent
Mln Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon - a. 15 0.15 0.25 - a.08 - 0.08 - a.08
--- ---
Manganese 2.a 2.0 (a) 2,00(a) 1.25 2.00 1.00 2.00
Sill con a. 75 - l.OO(d) -- 1.00 - 1.00
Phosphorus
Sulfur -
0.04
o.a3 -
1. a
0.04
0.04
-- 0.040
a.a30 -
0.040
o.a30
o.u
0.10
a.l7
a.20
Chromium 16.a 18,0 17.a 20.0 17.00 19.00(c) 16.00 19.00 17.00 19,00
Nlclce1 12.0 14.0 12.a 15.0 12.00 14.00 11.00 14.00 12.00 14.00
Molybdenum 1.5 2,25 I. 75 2.5 2,00 3.00(b) 2.00 2.50 1. 75 2.50
Copper
Iron
- Balance
a. 50 - Balance
- - Balance
a. 50 - Balance
0.50 - Balance
a. 50
CODE 13071
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVI SED' - MARCH i963
---
Carbon 0.08
-
---
+ Mo 0.03 0.08
-
Manganese
---
2.00
--
2,00 2,00
- 0,03
1. 50
0.08
--
0.12
---
SUIcon LOO LOO 1.50 1. 50
1.00 2.00
TYPE 316.
Phosphorous 0.045
-
0.045 - 0.045 0.04 --
2.00
-
2,00
TYPE 317
Sulfur
Chromium 16.00
0.030
18.00 16.00
0.030
18.00
-
18.00
0.030
20.00 17 21
0.04
0.04
0.04 -
0.04
0.04-
Nlclcel 10.00 18 21 18 21
Mo1ylxlenum 2.00
14.00 10,00 14.00 u.oo 15.00 9 13 9 12 9 12
3.00 2.00 3.00 3,00 4.00 2.0
Iron Balance 3-0 2 0 3.0. 2.0 3,0
Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance
2.013 Therm al conductivity, Fig. 2. 013. 2.0312' lntergr anular corrosi on of Types 316 and 317
2,014 Therm al expansion, Fig. 2. 014. may occur
In certain media II these alloys are sensiti zed
2.015 Specific heat, Fig. 2. 015. between
600 and 1600 F. Type 316 L Is not subject to formati
2.016 Oiffusivttv, Fig. 2. 016. on of
a continuous networ k of precipi tated carbide s
and it is
2.02 Other Physica l Proper ties recommended for parts which are to be fabrica
ted by
2.021 Density. 0. 288 lb per cu ln. 7. 98 gr per cu em. welding and to be used without post weld anneali
ng in
2,022 Electri cal resistiv ity. At RT, 29.1 microhm media which may cause intergr anular corrosi
in and on In the
at 1200 F, 45, 7 microh m in. higher carbon grades .
2,023 Magnetic proper ties. 2,032 Oxidation resista nce. Good for continuous service
up to
2. 0231 Wrought types are essenti ally nonmagnetic. 1600 F and for Interm ittent service up to 1500
Permea bility F: Type
of annealed condition is 1. 02 maximum. 316 scales severel y at approx imately 1650 F,
the temper -
2.0232 Cast types are usually slightly magnetic. Permea ature varying with type of atmosp here and cycle
bility of
usually ranges between 1. 5 and 2. 5. Nonmagnetic operation,
casting s
may be obtained by lnlanci ng the composition.
2.04 Nuclear Proper ties. Simila r to Type 304.
2,03 Chemic al Proper ties
2,031 Corrosion resista nce
2.03ll The genera l corrosi on resista nce of 18-8 + Mo
is 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIBS
superio r to that of other stainle ss steels when
exposed
to many types of chemic al corrode nts, as well
as to 3. 01 Specllied Mechanical Proper ties
marine atmosp heres. They are less suscep tible
to 3.011 AMS specifi ed mechan ical proper ties, Table
pitting attack in sea water and under conditions 3. ol!.
where
particl es are deposited on the metal surface .
TABLE 3,011
~ource AMS (2) AMS AMS
AMS (3) AMS (5) (8) (5)
IM}QY_ AMS (4)
Form Fe-18_C.l'l3NI + Mo _ri'YP<! 316!
Casting , sand
r, Mech
and Sheet, strip, Bar ree TublnB Tubing, seamle ss
centrifu gal plate
on 1 on mach
As cast
OD-In
- - - - - :::: 0.188 > 0.188 >o.soo
to 0. 500
Thickn ess In
- < > ~ p.o. 75 :> ~ .$ > ~ > ~ >
0.025 ~.025 o. 75 to
1. 50
1. so 1.25 - 0.016 f1.016 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
---
Ftu, max -kat
- -
---
--- - -35 100
100 100
e(2 In), min-pe rcent - 115
---
110
Full section 40 45 - -40 -37
100 100
-40 -32 -35
100
Strip
Hardne ss - -- -
- -
- --
- - - - 32 35 27 30
BHN min
- -- -- 170 163 140 - - - - -
-max
- -- --
-- - - -- 75. - -- -- --
211 255 255
--
---
241
--
RB -min
-max -- - -
RC -min
-- -- - -- -- -- 2028- 90- -- -- -- -- --
--
-max
- - - - - - - - -
____
......_CODE 13071
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
;~ .'
.
78 78 83 75 85
BHN, typ
AIS1 specifies spring temper as:
-
150 150 190 - - - lA<
- 16~ 16~
0. 062 In, F tu = 230 ksl
0 250 in, F tu = 160 ksl
0. 307 in, F tu = 150 ksl
3,022 Typical properties of sand cast blocks of CF 12M, annealed perature or at forging temperatures, but not at temper-
1950 to 2100 F and water quenched, Ftu = 80 ksl, Fey= atures m the carbide precipitation range.
42 ksl, e(2 in) = 50 percent, BHN = 156 to 170, m Charpy 4. 012 Casting. The good castabillty of casting alloys of this
Keyhole = 70 ft lbs. type permits designs Involving Intricate shapes. However,
3,023, Effect of exposure to elevated temperatures with load on uniform thlclmess should be maintained wherever possible,
tensile properties of bar, Table 3, 023.
4.03 Welding. Wrought and cast products are weldable by
conventional techniques. The metal arc process is most
TARLE 3 023 frequently used for castings. Oxyacetylene welding Is
I Source il D. 71 not advisable for castings because of possible Impairment
A.11.W ,.-e-iAi'r-llMI.....,o """" 3i6\ of corrosion resistance due to carbon pickup. Lime
l.,n,.,:, I~ hBr
coated Type 316 electrodes are recommended.
r.nnrlltlnn 2000 F wn
Room t~mperat.ure properties 4.04 Heating and Heat Treating
Exposure at 4.041 Avoid prolonged heating at temperatures from 800 to
after expnsure
1600 F, see I. 09.
Load Time e(2 in) RA
~cr
Temp Ftu 4.042 All heating should be conducted In air or Inert atmosphere
F lc.l hr kill oercent percent
such as helium, argon or dissociated ammonia. The
RT 0 0 103.9 36.8 59.5 77.0 pans must be free from any I'Srbonaceous material,
1000 22.5 1220 88.5 41.5 57.0 72.7
1100 20.0 1290 92.9 42.5 51.0 67.5 4. OS Surface Treating. Scale may be removed by a solution
1200 10.0 1170 94.3 42.5 41.0 48.6 of 15 to 20 percent nitric acid and 1 to 3 percent hydro-
1300 6.5 1540 97.3 40.0 42.0 52.2 fluoric acid at 120 to 140 F, for 20 to 30 min. Scale
1500 3.0 U75 97.0 36.0 31.5 52.5 removal is more easily accomplished when parts have
been heated In air.
3.032
3, 033
Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of
castings, PI g. 3. 0313.
Short time properties other than tension
Static stress concentration effects
THERMAL CONDUCTIVIT'l
/
v
3,04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 7
3.041
3.042
Creep rupture curves for bar at 1200 to 2000 F, Pig.
3,041.
Creep rupture curves for castings at 1200 to 1650 P,
/
/
Fig. 3, 042.
CODE 13071
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MA.RCH 1963
Fe u------ ----------~----~-----r~
Pe-18Cr-13N Fe-18Cr-13NI +Mo(Type 316)
HMo (Type 316
~~~~--+---4-----,_____ BAR
18 Cr MBAN COBF LINBAR ANN
100
13 Ni lO~~TH~B~ruMA=+~~~B~XP~AN~~~O=N~~~~-+-----+--i
+ _ Mo__. "'m
.____
TYPE 316, m
i!'i9'---1-~"'-4,----+-----+-----+---t
~---P~~~~~~~~--~---;60 ~
a
I
_,. l..-- -~
[7 SPBCIPII HEAT
0.08
-400
/ 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- p
0.20
Fe-18Cr-13Ni+Mo 316)
BAR I
2000 F. I HR., WQ
!l! 0.18
~
~
I
m
t: 0.16 t: 40 r-..:..::::::::+!!!:!---+---~...~
ll
TBSTBDAT RT
0.14 OL-----L---~~--~-----d
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600
0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP- F TBMP-F
CODE 1307
PAGE 4
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
'
Fe-18Cr-13NHMo CIYpe 316)
llN BAR CW 13% 18 Cr
80
-........
~ "":'-" t-r BEFORE ANN
60
- _..._
FTlJ ~~
~
13
+
Ni
Mo
- r-::::
~ ... FT'i
TYPE 316,
TYPE 317
--
& A' "W"'""'I
20
6
0
-
80
.a.
4
RA
e
ANN TEMP
1700 F
A 2050 F
GRSIZE
10
6/5
- 2
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
RUPTURE
TEMP F
10 100 1000 10,000
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECTS OF ANNEALING AND TESTING TEMPERATURBS TIME - HR
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(19)
FIG. 3. 041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT 1200 TO 2000 p
\II. p. 72)
8o~----~-----------------
Fe-18Cr-13Nl+Mo(Type 316)
PREC. "INVEST. CASTING
AS CAST
~
~hr--~~--~~--~~--~
!2
10
8
6
0
~40 ta::==--+-eC::bo:.-41..,~~
~
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2
TEMP- F 10 100 1000
TIME- HR
FlU. 3. 0313 EFFECT OF TBST TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS PIG. 3. 042 CREEP RUPTURB CURVES POR
(16. p. 8) CAS11NGS AT 1200 TO 1650 F
(15, p. 74)(16, p. 10)
CODE 13071
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
Fe
18 Cr
13 Ni
+ Mo 2~--~-----+~---+----~
'---~~
TYPE 316, ~
TYPE 3 I 7 20 ta==:-:::--=::--=
-==-::-:1::-""=:-t
REFERENCES
TABLE 1.031
AMS Form Militarv
5510H Sheet, strip, plate MIL-S-6721 Type Ti
5557A TUbing: hydraulic, seamless
or welded
5559A TUbing; welded tbio wall 1.034 ASTM SpecUications for Type 321 stainless steel, Table
5570G TUbing; seamless MIL-T-8606, Comp G321
1..034 (a) and 1.034 (b).
5576C TUblng;welded MIL-T-6737, Comp 321
5645G Bar, forgings, mech tubing,
flash welded rings QQ-S-763 Class 321 Cond A TABLE 1- 034(a)
5689 Wire. screen I Sou~,. 12ill28ll29
7211A Cotter pins; cor.oslon and ~Allnv "l"vne32r
heat resistant.
Forged or rolled alloy-steel pipe flanges, forged
fittings and valves and pans for hlgh-t.emperatul'
service A 18265
Carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts and for high
presnure and high temperature service A 19465
Seamleu ferrltic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler
superheater, and heat exchanger tubes A 213-65
Chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel
plae, sheet, and strip for fusion-welded unfired
pressure vessels A 24063
Welded austenitic steel boiler superheater, heat
1.032 NASA SpecUications for seamless, welded and drawn A 24965
exchanger, and condenser tubes
stabilized steel tubing, Table 1.032.
Bolling nitric acid test for corroslon-reslstiog
steels A 262-63
Sel\mless and welded austenitic stainless steel
TABLE 1.032 tubing for general service A 269-65
Seamless austenitic chromium-Dickel steel still
l!:ou~re 31 tubes for refioery service A 27164
Allov l'YDe 321
Hot-rolled and cold flnlshed stainless and heat
SoecUication NASA-MSFC
reslstiog steel bars A 27663
Product r.::ondltion
Total Immersion corroslo~ test of stainless steels A 279-63
MSFC-SPBC-248 Seamless tubing or Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipe A 312-64
welded and drawn stab!- Stainless and heat-resisting steel billets and bare
A A 31463
llzed corrosion and heat- for reforging
(A:mealed)
resistant steel tubing Alloy-steel bolting materials for lowtemperawre
service A 32065
CODE 1308
PAGE
teA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
CODE 1308
PAGE 2
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS
2. 04 Nuclear Properties
2. 041 The nuclear properties of !his alloy are similar to those
of Type 304 stainless steel.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
TABLE 3.011
AMS AMS AMS (2)(4)(5)
Source AMS (6) AMS(7)
(I) (3)
Allov Tvre 321
Sheet, Mech tubing, Tubln
Form bing Wire, screen weide Tubing, hydraulic seamless and welded
strip, bar, forgings,
plate flaahwelded rings mech *~ .
Condition ST
00. In . . . . . . . . . s 0.188 >0 1880 500 > soo
Thickness In > < > . . 0.010 0.021 0.126 . s > ~ > s >
0.004 o::-1s 0. 75 0.020 0.125 0.250 0.016 0.016 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
min ksl . . . . . . . . 75 75(a) 75(a) 75(a) 75(a) .
75(a)
FlU'
max ksl 100 . . . . . . . 105 120 105 115 105 J20(b) 105
Coil . . . . . 125 115 105 . . . . . . .
straight . . . . . 135 125 115 . . . . . . .
ksl . . . . . . . . 35 30(a) 30(a) 30(a) 30(a) . 30(a)
F1!, min
e( In) min % 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tube . . . . . . . . 40 33 35 35 35 30(b) 35
strip . . . . . . . . 35 . . 30 30 25(b) 30
Hardness
BHN,mln . 170 140 . . . . . . . . . . . .
max . 255 241 . . . . . . . . . . . .
RB, min . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
max . . . . 90 . . . . . . . . . .
(a) AMS 5557A only,
(b) AMS 5570 and 5576C only,
TABLE 3 012
Source 24
Alloy Type 321
Form Ftu e(2 In), RA Ha:.:duess
Fer'
kat ks . % '.\', BHN Rockwell
Sheet, strip 90 35 ss . . 80
Wire 90 30 ss . . 85
.
Plate, bars 85 30 55 70 160
CODE 1308
PAGE 3
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
F~,
-max-ksi
-min-ks!
- - - -
75
-
80
105
80
100
85
115
85
105
- -- ---
30
---
30 45 30 30
e( fn),
--
-minper cent 40 40 35 35
RA,
Hardaess
-min-per cent - 50 45 50
41.1
50
-
BIIN, -max
- -- -- - - -- --
--
202
RB, -max 88 - - -
3.014 AMS specified mecbanlc al propertie s for tube, Table
3.014.
TABLE 3.014
Source (3) (2)(4)(6)
Alloy T.me.321
Form tubing
K:oudltion
~~ Tllbing, hydraulic seamless IUid welded
ST
po- 1n - ,.;0.188 >0 .188 to llSOO >0.500
~ckness -in
s > .:s > .s >
I
min-bi
- 0.016 0.016 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Dl' 75 75(a) 7S("a) 7S(a) 75(a) 7S(a)
max-ksl 105 120 105 us 105 120(b) 105
eon, max -- -- - - - - -
IF. max - - - - 30(a)
-- --
Straight,
min-ks! 35
~llin>.
30(a) 3D(a)
TUbe
min-% -40 3.1- 35- - -30(a)
35 35 30(b) 35
Sttlp 35 - - 30 30 2S(b) 30
{a) AMS 5557A only
(b) AMS 55708 IUid 5576 oaly
CODE
PAGE
Fe A
R~/;;:.S.EDMARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS
iJtT . . 93 67 49 75.3 92
.
3.116
3.1161
Blaatlc ~rtJes
~srado
1100 12.5 1679 96.5 61 411 69.9
7 2750 . . . - Sf 3.0611 Blrect ol. teat teiJlperatllre Oil l'blaaoa :rado ol azmealed
7 96.3 59.7 41.5 56.4 . Type 321 .U.leaa steel, Fig. 3.0611.
1200
4
1367
2753 . - . . 49 3.1162 Modulua "' elaQ:lclty
5 . 1656 95.5 54.5 39 52.1 . 3.0621 Mcdllll8 rl. eleadclty at room 81111 elewted temperauuea,
1300
2 2612 . . . . 46 Pig. 3, 0621.
1500 1 1601 . . . . 41 3.0622 Mom:.ua ~ eleadclty ol Type 321 ata!Dleu steel at low
telllpe!aWI'Ca, Pig. 3. 0622.
3.063 Mcdllll8 ol. rd1tJ
3.0631 Mo41lll8 or rtsldll:r at room 81111 eleftted temperatUres,
3.022 Campreuloa Pig. 3. 06.ii. .
3.0221 StreuatraJD diqrama 3.0632 Mcdllll8 ol. :d&ldl:ly at room 81111 eleftted temperatUres
3.023 Impact for iOIIDeded 'l'Jlr-. 321, Pig. 3. 0632.
3.024 lleDdlllg 3.064 "l'aDgeat 1Jicdllas eunea In c:ompret!aloa. for abeet at
3.025 Tcmdoa aud llbear room and dewted temperatures, Fig. 3.064.
3.026
3.027
lleariDg
Streu CODCellttalloa ... FABRICATION
3.0271 N~ pnpeztlea
3.0272 PnciiU:e IOUjllmeao 4.01 Pormablllly
3.0211 CombiDed properties f.Ou 1blll alloy 81111 Ita fabrlcadoa. 18 slmJ.lar to t&.t ol Types
302 aud 347. Jt can be bet formed by moat common bot
3.03 Mecbudcall'!;opeztlea at Various Temperatllr!! formiDg operad01l8. Hlgber power for these operadcma
3.031 To:ualoa Is required because ol tbe biBb temperature atteDgtb ol
3.0311 Streu-atralo diqrams this alloy. Heating for fCII'IIliDg cperadoaa abould be dooe
3.03111 StreaaatralD curves for Type 321 ataiDleaa steel bar at carefully 81111 Dot toO rapidly, HJ&It 8U1fur CUeliJ RD<I llttOIIg"
low temperawrea. Pq. 3.03111. ly reducing lllmoapberea abould be a 'fOlded.
3.03112 Stresaatralo c:unes for abeet at room 81111 elevated teiJI 1be formahlllty rl. this steel ftrlea with tbe Dietel c:oatent
perauuea, Pq. 3.03112. ID muc:b tbe same -y as tblt ol. the atraJ&bt 18-8 steele,
3.0312 Scatter boDda for to:D8Ile propeztlea ol. bar at room r.Dd (see Type 301, 302 and 305),
ele'Nted temperatUres, Fq. 3, 0312. 4.012 Mter prebeatlng ID 1500 to 1600P formiDg can begin at
3.0313 Blrect ol. teat tempe:rauue oa to:ua11e pxopertles ol. bar, 2000 to 2200F ud flDisbiDg at 1700F or hlgber. Hot bend
Pig. 3.0313. tubes can be formed at about 1750 1D IBSOP. Jt 18 rccom
3.0314 Blrect ol. expaue and teat temperaiJlre oa te118lle prc>per mended to cool.tbe wort rapidly after bet foX'UIIDg. If
dea ol. abeet, Fig. 3.0314. 8llbequent IUID8aliDg Ia lmpracdcal.
3.0315 Blrect ol. teat temperaiJlre, balding time 81111 atralo :rate 4.013 For .e..ere deep drawlllg and apiDDIDg opend01l8 the
liD to:D8Ile PJ'Opeztiea rl. abeet, Pig. 3.0315. Dietel c:oatent ol. this steel abould be tJopt about 2 percent
3.0316 Blrect ol. anneallDg 81111 teat temperaiJlre liD renalle PJ'Oper blgber than lbat ol. Type 302.
3.0317
des ol. bar, Pig. 3.0316.
Blrect ol. room and elevated temperauue aa to:ua11e pr11per
4.014
cllf(lallty ol. mah... lnlag the apeclfJed dtiDlum to
rado througbaut tbe melt.
ca..--
CallliDg ol. this steells Dot J:eCOIIlDieDded becauee ol tbe
CODE 1308
PAGE !I
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
18
10
Cr
Ni
7 tO 10 baclc rake
Most circular form tools are used wltb about
7 to 10 back rake
&;'
to-12
v
v
+
TYPE 321
Ti 7 to 10
Drills should have
140
9 tO 15
clearance
4.03
4.031 --
'Velt1!:!1!
Gene:rlt! .. Type 321 ntaioless -'~"''1 ><s readily welds.ble
by mob"t corrtmerclallus lon and resistance welding metbods.
The titl>nlum in tbls alloy Is dfective in preventiug harm-
ful cat bide precipitation a:rd ;.::e resulting tendency t~
intargranular corrosion. For fusion welding, TIC o.n.:
MIG processeg are common1; employedwitlr Type 321
or Oxweld 60 as tbe flller r:J'!tal. No post-weld aanealio.'i
Is necessary, but If stress relief Is desired the weld-
menta may be heated and air cooled. 11
4.032 The high coefficient of expansion of tbis alloy and Its low
tbermal conductivity tend to cause high local expansion
wb!ch rnity produce buckllng and residual stresses lo "'c:
fusion welded psns. Thus It Is recommended that struc- ...
l>l
4.04 ~~..!!!!B
..,25
4.041 n ... sur.fa.ce should be clean an1 ru::e from oil dallng aoy ~ ,_.,
h.,ltlng precess to avoid non-ur>ll<>m scaling and pitting
,hen pickled. 8
0 400 800 1200 1600
4.05 Surface Treatment
4.051 General. Scale forn~ed durl:rg high =Jl"rature procesaes TEMP- F
(sucb as w.-l<lli!g. anneaU.~g tr forglog) should b;, re-
moved. D<:scallng may be a'rompllshed by varlws plck- FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (19)
liru1 solutions, mecbao1cal treatments or eler.tropcllshio g.
These !'rocesses must be controlled wltb care, ot~erwlse
fahr.<;:ation cbaracterlstlcs are hindered and Impairment
ol corrosion-resi stance may e..~sue. The final surface
r.eatment Is "passivation" which produces a stronger
md better oxide film tbat will resist corrosion.
4.052 Pir.kllog Is accomplished by mlxi'd scilutloos of nitric,
sulphuric, hydrocblorlc ur by<lronuoric acids. For heavy
ecale, more tban oue plckllog batb may be required.
Solutions vary, depending upon scale tbickness and prior
treatment. Common solutions are 10-25 percent nitric
acid and I to 4 percent h>;~~!lflu:lric acid (by volume)
used at 12;i-140.t'.
4.053 A recommended solution fur passivation is 30 percent
nitric acid (by volume) beat<ld to 120-140F Cor 15 to
30 nrinutes, and followed by a water rlnse.
TEMP- F
CODE 1308
PAGE 6
':!".
t;_
>
i FeA
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOY S
280 ~TY==PB~32~1-,-------r------,-------,------,
Fe
\.:
lf3 Cr
10 Ni
+ Ti
TYPE 321
40~------~------~----~~----~-------4
STRAIN - IN PER IN
400F
600F
800F
30 IOOOF
~
20
30 MIN TO 100 HR
EXPOSURE
TENSION
oL----L----~---J
0 0.002 0.004 0.006
OL---- -~---- ~----~ ~--~~-
160!.'
-~
2000
0 400 800 1200
STRAIN - IN PER IN
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03112 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR
SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVAT- FIG. 3. 0312 SCATTER BANDS FOR TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
ED TEMPERATURES BAR AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(11, p. 157-159) (12, p. 16-17)
I CODE 1308
......._,_,.,
PAGE 7
FeA
FERRQUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
100
Fe
~~
TYPH 321.
0.040 IN SHBBT
18 Cr ANN
10 Ni 80 80
~~
'+
TYPE 321
Ti
60~ -60
f.!
- PTU
i=!
"' 40
... ~
-
40 60
20 40
--....::::: ~ ~
1+..:
FTY
~
HOLDINC TIMB STRAIN ATB
J: !i 20
l>C010SBC
o.sHR
o.~ IN/IN/MIN
&.c.
o 0.60
. eo60.o
~40 --..;;;:::: ....._
a; e(2 IN)
...
Ill
....
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
nn.t.P- F
TBMP- p
PIG. 3.0313 BPPBCT OF TBST TBMPBRATIJRB ON TBNSILB
PROPERTIES OF BAR (9,p.60)
TYPB 321
80
~" liN BAR
CW 13% llBPORB ANN
'rYPB 321
~ -...... PTU
80 SHBBT 60
~
'
ANN
PTU
!'--.. ~ t 40
60
~
-
f.!
40
PTY
20
ct:::: t::::::::: ----PTY
20
eo o.063IN} 0
SHBBT
Al> 0.188 IN 80
....
0
eA 30MlN
o.C. 100 HR
....__
BXPOSURB
...z 40
RA
- ..__
Ill
0
~ ... ~
e ..: 40
...
Ill ANNTBMP
e I750F
0 2050P
~9
6/8
e(21N)
'#
D A 2200P 2/4
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- P
TBMP- F
P1G.3.0314 BPFBCT OF BXPOSURB AND TBSTTBMPERA-
TURB ON TBNSILB PROPERTIES OF SHBBT
PIG. 3.0316 BPPBCTOP ANNBALINGANDTBSTTBMPBRATURESO N
(ll,p.36) TBNSILB PROPERTIES OF BAR (9)
CODE 1308
PAGE 8
Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS'ALLOYS
60
TYPE 321 Fe
.._- .... ___ l~cv
___,
0. 063 IN SHBBT
ANN
18
10
Cr
Ni
EXPOSURE
LpTY .~
+ Ti
e 30MIN
0 100 fJR
20 TYPE 321
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
TBMP- P
SO TYPE 321
..... ......
..... .....
.....
-....
0. 064 Ill Sbeet, ADD, Trans
Compressive Streugth
Compjssive Yield I
...._ ..,
--
30
-400 -200 0 200 400
TBMP- P
TEST TEMPERATURE, P
PIG, 3.0317 EFFECT OP ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERA-
TURE ON TENSILE PROPBRTII!S OP ALLOY PIG. 3. 0323 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TRANSVERSE
(20) COMPRESSIVE YIElD STRENGTH OP 0.0641NCH
ANNEALED SHBET (26)
80
TYPE 321
60
~
~ !'----.
0.187 In Sheet
ADD, Trans
TBST TEMPERATURE, P
80
3q MIN TO 100 HR TYPE 321
0. 063 IN SHEET
"
EXPOSURE
ANN
i2 60
EXPOSUR~
e 30 MIN b.
~"su
0 100 HR
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000
160 :j 1
Fe ......,.,..
"
3 0r-----~--
TYPE 321 -----r------~TY~P~E~32~1-,
18 Cr 0. 063 IN SHEET
40
30MIN
0 100 HR I FBRY
THERMAL EXPANSION
8 1--<~:--'lk:-------+- INCLUDED
1.62%
0 200 400 fj6~~~~~~~-----+--
600 800 1000 --~
TEMP F
FIG. 3,0361 EFFEC T OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEMPERATURE
ON BEARING PROPERTIES OF SHEET
(U,p.3 6)
HEATING RATE
2
rifji8 0F PER SEC
'77%
1L..-- .:___ .L____ __..l.-__ ___ J_ _ _ _ _ _....J
0,1J01 0.01 0.1 10
TIME HR
FIG. 3.042 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVE
S FOR SHEET
AT 1500 AND I800F
(16, p. 39)
.... ;
40~------T-------~--
----~------~
TYPE 321
0.045 IN SHEET
ANN
I I TYPE 321 Fe
From Simultaneous Bending and Torsion
Ann at 1950F for 30 Min, WQ \ 18 Cr
10 Ni
~
+ Ti
;.... v TYPE 32 I
0.20
-400 -200 0 200 400
TEST TEMPERATURE, F
1500F
TYPE 321
10 100 1000 10,000 BAR
TIME- HR
i:i
820~----~-----+-----4~~~
:!
e DYNAMIC (9)
0 STATIC (18)(20)
16~----~----~~----~----~
20
i:i
10
8 35
TYPE 321
6
4
u;
..,0:.: 30
- r----
"'
:J
-l
T, TEMP- F :J
c
t, TIME- HR 0
2 :::. 25
24 32 40 48 400 300 -200 -100 0 100
FIG. 3.045 MASTER CURVE FOR 0.2 PERCENT CREEP FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF TYPE 321 STAINLESS STEEL AT
AND CREEP RUPTURE OF SHEET (17) LOW TEMPERATURES
(26)
CODE 1308
PAGE II
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
RBPBRBNCBS
I2r---~~----~----~TY~PE
003~2I01
Fe 1 AMS 55IO H, (January I5, I960)
BAR 2 AMS 5557 A, (July I, I957)
18 Cr 3 AMS 5559 A, (January IS, I958)
4 AMS 5S70 Go (January I5, I958)
10 Ni ~ I9~--~~=--r----+---~ 5 AMS 5576 C, (January IS, I958)
AMS 5645 G, (January IS, 1960)
+ Ti ~
6
7 AMS 5689, (Nowmber I, I9S2)
8 American lroa and Steel Institute, "Stainless and Heat
TYPE 321 Resisting Steels", Steel Products Manual, (June I9S7)
9 Timken Roller Bearing Co. , "Digest of Steels for High
Temperature Service", Sixth Bdition, (19S7)
0 400 800 I200 I600 IO North American Avlatioo, "Stainless Steel - Type 32I",
Msterlsls Property Manual and Summary Repon, AL-
TBSTTEMP- P 2604, (October 30, I9S7)
11 Miller, D. B., "Determlnatioo of the Physical Propenles
PIG. 3,063I MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
of Ferrous and NOD-Ferrous Structural Sbeet Materlsls
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (9, p.I27) at mewated Temperatures'', APTR 6SI7, Pt. 4, (Dec-
ember I954)
12 Slmmoos, W. F. and Cross, H. C., "Repon on the
mewated-Temperature Propenles of Stainless Steels",
ASTM STP No. I24, (January I9S2)
I3 Dotson, C. L. and ICattus, R. J. , "TensUe Propenles
of Aircraft Structural Metals at Various Rates of
Loadlug After Rapid Heating", WADC TR SS-I99, Pt. I,
(August I9S5)
14 Perlmutter, L , ''Stress Rupture Tests oo Sbeet Alloys
for High Temperature Applications", APTR No. 6!88,
TYPB 321 (July I9SO)
15 Perlmutter, L and RectOr, w. H,. ''Investigation of
Sbeet Msterlsls for Application at High Temperatures",
Ann at 1950
AFTR No, S712, (July I3, I948)
Min,WQ
I6 Van Bcho, J. A., Wirth, W, P. and Simmons, w. F.,
Ann---- ''Sbon-Tlme Creep Propenles of Structural Sbeet Mat-
erlsls for Aircraft and MlssUes", APTR No, 6731, Pt.
m, (May t95S)
17 Best, G. B., "321 Stainless Steel", General mectrlc
Oats Sheet, (August 27, 1958)
1& Garofalo, F., Malenock, P. R, and Smith, G. V., "'Ihe
lnfluence of Temperature on the Blsstic Coostants of
9.5L-----~------J-----~~----~--~ Some Commerclsl Steels", Symposium on Determination
of Blsstic Constants, ASTM STP No, 129, (June 2S, 19S2)
-400 -200 0 200 400 I9 Allegheny Ludlum, Blue Sheet, "Allegheoy Metal I8 -8C
and 18-8T", (August 1948)
TEST TEMPERATURB, P 20 ''U.s.s. I8-8TI (Corrosion Resisting Steel, Type 321)",
PUing Code" SS-43, Stainless Steel, (May I956)
PIG. 3.0632 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
2I AMS 7211A, (January I, 1960)
TEMPERATURES FOR ANNEALED TYPB 32I
(26) 22 ASTM Standards, Pan 3, "Steel Sheet, Strip, Bar, Rod,
Wire, Metslllc Coated Products", Am. Soc. Testing
Mats., (February 1964)
23 ASTM Standards, Pan 3, "Steel Sbeet, Strip, Bar, Rod,
TYPE 32I
0.062 IN SHEET Wlre, Metslllc Coated Products", Am. Soc. Testing
Mats., (February I966)
ANN
24 ''Nickel Alloy Steel11", Second Bdition, International
Nickel Co., Inc., New York, (1949)
25 Welding Handbook, P:>urth. Bdltion, "Metals and 'Ibelr
WeldabUJty: A. 1.. l'blllifls (Bdltor), American Welding
Society, (1960)
26 Durilam, T. P,. McClliu.ock, R. M. and Reed, R. P.,
"Cryogenic Msterlsls Oats Handbook", U. s. Depan
ment of Commerce, (1960)
27 1965 Book of ASTM Standards, Pan 3, "Wrought lron Bar
30 MIN TO 100 HR and Sbeet, Metslllc Coated Products", ASTM, (1965)
EXPOSURE 28 "Index oi Specifications aDd Standards", Depanment of
Defense, Part I, Alphabetical Ustlng, Pan II, Numerical
Listing, (September 1964), Supplemented (March 31,
1965)
COMPR BSSION 29 I966 Book of ASTM Standards, Part I, "Steel; Piping,
Tubing, and Fittings", ASTM, (1966)
0 10 20 30 30 "Pipe and Tubes for mewated Temperature Service",
National Tube Div., United States Steel Corp,. lld1etln
1000 KSI No. 26, (1956)
3I '"nlblng-Stee1, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant (18-8 stab!
FIG, 3.064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES llzed), Type 321 and 347", MSFC-SPEC-248, George
IN COMPRESSION FOR SHEET C. Marsball Space Flight Center, (AprU 23, 1963)
AT ROOM AND ELEVATED 32 Welding Handbook, PUtb Bdltion, "Metals and 'Ibelr
TEMPERATURES WeldabUJry", A. L. PbiUJps (Bditor), American Welding
(ll,p. 213-216) Society, (196S)
CODE 1308
PAGE 12
FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
.I ,
'\ ...) TABLE 1 042
L GBNBRAL Source AlSI 11, p. 37 ACI12 Fe
This austenitic stainless steel is one of the two stabilized M7 ~4R r"D.Qr"
10XC
- --
9.00 13.m
10xC
- - - 9
-
12,
-
10xC(b 1.35(b
In all wrought forms and Type 347 castings are also pro- Tantslum -- -- -- -
0.10 - --
duced under the deslgnstlon CP-sc. Copper
Iron Balance ... -...
I. 01 Commercial Designation. Wrought: Type 347 and Type 348, (a) Tantslum included
east: CP -sc. (b) Cb alone, 8xC min and 1. 0 max
TABLE 1 041
AMS (3) (5) (7) (8)
I Snnrce AMS Ol AMS (2) A_MS_ (4) (6) AMS (9) AMS 00)
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
min max min max min max min max min max
min max
--
Carbon -- 0,12 -- 0.10 - 0.08 -- 0.08 0,07 - 0.08
2.0 2.0 - 2,00 2.00 2.00 1.25 2,50
Manganese
--
-- ---
1,0 1.5 o.so 1.00 o.so 1.00 0,50 1.00 0.80
SUtcon
Phosphorus 0.04 0.04 - 0.040 -- 0.040 -
-
0.040
-
0.040
Sulfur . -
18,0
0.03
19,5 17.0
0,04
20.0
-
17.00
0.030
19.00 17.00
0.030
19.00 17.00
0,030
20.00
0.030
18.00 21.00
Chromium 0
12.00
12.0 9.00 12.00 9.00 13.00 9.00 13.00 9.00
Nickel 10,0
-
14.0
0,50
9.00
- 0.50 - 0,50 - 0,50 - - - 0.50
Molybdenum
Columbium lOxC 1,50 10xC 1.35 lOxC 1.10 lOxC 1.10 UxC
-
-- lOxC
-
1.00
Copper
lr<>n
- Balance
0.50 - 0,50
llAlance
- 0.50
Bslance
- 0.50
Balance Balance
0.50
R.IAnce
L042 AlSI and ACl specified compositions for Types 347, 348, 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig, 2. 013,
Table L042. 2.014 Thermal expansion, Pig. 2. 014.
2.015 Specific heat, Pig. 2. 015.
1.05 Heat Treatment
2.016 Bmlsslvlty, Fig. 2. 016.
1. 051 Pull anneal
2.017 Dlffuslvlty, Fig. 2.017.
1.0511 Wrought products. 1800 to 2000 P, pre!crably 1800 to
1900 P., 1 hr per Inch thickness, 2 hr minimum !or plate, 2.02 Other Physical Properties
Curnac-: cool or alr cool. 2.021 Density, 0. 287 to o. 292 lb per cu ln. 7. 95 to s. 26 gr per
Castings. 1950 to 2050 P, quench or air cool. AMS 5363 cucm.
1. U512
specWes 1900 to 2000 P, 30 min minimum. 2.022 Electrical resistivity, ptg, 2. 022.
Stabilizing anneal Cor service at 800 to 1500 P, 1500 to 2.023 Magnetic properties. This steel 1s nonmagnetic In the
1.052
1650 p, 1 hr per inch thickness, 2 hr minimum Cor plate. annealed condition. PermeabUity of annealed material is
1.053 Stress relief alter fabrication. 1300 P. less than L 02. It becomes slighrly magnetic when sc..erely
CODE 1309
PAGE
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
cold worked to an extent similar to Type 302. After 20% TAB!.B 3 021
Fe cold work, permeS.billty is L S. Source _jll) (12)
Allov TVPe 34 and 34 1'"'1>-llr
18 Cr 2.03 Chemical Properties For:m Sheet, Plate Bar Wire Castings
12 Ni 2. 031 Corrosion resistance Strip
2. 0311 General corrosion resistance of this steel 1s s1mllar to Condltlon Ann
Ann Ann+
+ Cb that of Type 302, but it has a greater tendency to pitting CD fe:ner
2. 0312
corrosion and attack in streaks.
lntergranulsr corrosion is absent in this steel, unless it
Thlcknes s - in
Ftu - ksl 95
- 90
All
90
01162 lo.soo
100 120 100 77
-
TYPES 347, 1s overheated to above 2150 F. At this temperature colum F , - ksl 40 3S 3S 65 90 70 38
bium carbides are going into solid solution and subsequent
348 e('lin), - percent 4S so so 40 30 40 39
rapid cooling, followed by heating to 1200 F, will cause RA, -percent - - 65 60 60 60 -
- --
precipitations and reduce the resistance to intergranulsr Hardness, BHN 160 Bl 212 - 149
attack. A stablllzing anneal will restore the corrosion
resistance. Effect of annealing temperature on corrosion Impact strength
RB 85 - - - - -
2. 0313
rate, Fig. 2. 0312.
Stress cracking may occur in water contalnlng small
lzod Ft1b
Chsrpy keyhole
- - 10 - - - -
2, 0314
amounts of chlorides.
Passivating will improve the corrosion resistance.
- Ft lb - - - - - - 30
TABLB 3 011
I :>c:urce AMS I AMS 2 AMS 3 AMS 8) AMS 5) AMS 4 6 7
Alloy TYpe 347
Castings, Castings, Sheet, Tubing, Tubing
Sand, Strip. Bar. Welded Seamless or welded
Form invest. Centrif. Plate Tubln~t Thin Wall
Condition ST
00 -in
Thickness - in
-- -- -- ---
-
- <0.016
~0.188
>0.016
>0. 188 to 0. 500
~0.010 ::>0. 010
>0.500
<0.010 >0.010
Ptu, mln -
ksi -- -
-- - 75 75(b) 75(b) 75(b) 75(b) - 75(b)
max -
ksl 100
- --
- lOS 120 105 115 105 120 105
--- -
F~ min - ksi 35 30(b) 30(b) 30(b) 30(b) 30(b)
e 'in),mlri-percent
Tube ---
40
- -
-
40
-
33
-
35
-
3S
-
35 30
- -
35
Strip
Hardness
- - - 35 - - 30 30 25 30
-- - --- ---
-- ---
BHN, max - 180 - - -
--- --- -- ---
so.7s mli - 170
max -- -
--
255 -
-- --
>O. 75 to l50mli
-max - -
163
255 -
-- -- -- -
--- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- --
:>1.50 -min - 140
max -- 241
- -- -- --
RB min - 75(a) - -
-max 88 - - 90(a) - - - -
(a) Values for tubing only, all other values for bar
(b) Values for hydraulic tubing only
CODE 1309
PAGE 2
FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
v
20 AI""
3.04 Creep and Creep Ruprure Properties
3.041 Creep and creep ruprure data for sheet from various
18 Cr
sources exhibit descrepancies and large scattering. 12 Ni
/
-
3.042 Total strain curves for sheet at 1200 to 1600 F, Fig. 3. 042.
+ Cb
v
v
3.043 Short time total strain curves at 1200 to 1800 F, Fig. 3. 043.
-
3.044 Creep rupture curves for bar at 800 to lSOO F, Fig. 3. ().;4.
!-- ....
3.04S Creep rupture curves for bar and tubing in dlfierenr an-
~---- TYPES 347,
nealed conditions at 1000 to 1300 F, Fig. 3. 04S. __,..
348
3. OS Fatigue Properties. Table 3. OS.
1-
.....
...... .....-- (IS)
Source
Form
TARI.R 3 no;
114. p 8)
Not~iztven
8 .... - .. ......
--- (16)
Condition Not sdven -400 0 400 800 1200 1600
Temp Method Suess Stress Fatigue Strength - ksl
at cycles TEMP- F
F Ratio Concen-
A R tratlon 108 FIG. 2.013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
RT Smooth 43 (IS) (16)
Notched,
q=1.0 17
1000 Smooth 3S
Notched,
q=1,0 12.S
Fe-18Cr-12Mo +Cb
3.06 Blastic Properties 11 BAR
3.061
3.062
Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperarurcs,
Fig. 3, 061.
Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated temperarures,
u.
..:
ttl
0..
ANN
~
v ........
3,063
Fig. 3.062.
Tangent modulus curves in compression for sheet at room
temperarure and 1000 F, F lg. 3, 063.
as 10
..:
ttl
0.. 7/ MEAN COBF LINEAR
.0
i!5
9 ~ THER'fL EXPA~SION
i/
4. FABRICATION. Similar to Type 302. Only complementary /'7
and different information Is listed below. FROM RT TO TEJ INDICAiED
4. 03 Weldlag
4. 031 Fusion welding of this alloy Is more dlfiicult than that of
other 18-8 grades and Type 304 L has a considerably better
weldablllty. Heavy sections may crack during welding or
subsequent heating. Postweld annealing Is not required, al-
though a stress rellef Is recommended.
Fel8Crl2NHCb
0.16 ( BAR /
u;
~
2000 F, I HR, WQ
l--- ~
v
re 0.12
~
v SFBCIFICrBAT
0. 08
-400
/ 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- F
f--c_oo_E__I3_@,
FERR OUS ALLOYS REVISE D MARCH 1963
1.0
Fe Pe-18Cr-12Nl~Cb
0, 032 IN SHBBT
18 Cr OXIDIZE p 2000P, OMIN IN!AIR
12 Ni 0,9 ~
+ Cb 80
TorAL HBjSPHBRICAIL
0,8 BMISS~VITY
0 400 800
TYPES347, 1200 1600 2000
TBMP- P
348
PIG. 2, 016 EMISSIVITY
(17)
0.20
Fe-18Cr-12Nl tCb
v
BAR
2000 F, I HR, WQ
/ '
0.16 \ ,._ v v
DlFFUSIVITY
I~>
BLBCTRICAL
RBSISTIVITY
--- -- - (21, p. 65)
20 --(18)
0 400 800 1200 I600
TBMP -F
0.01 RT
Pe-18Cr-1 2Nl +Cb
0,005
.4~
....... -- -......
............ te 20~---+---~----~~
CORROSI~ RATB
IN BOILING 65% HN03 TENSION
O.OOOI 0~----L-----L-----~~
1000 1200 0 0.20 0,40 0.60
1400 1600
iiNNBALING TBMP - P STRAIN-IN PBR IN
FIG. 2,0312 BPPBCT OF ANNEALING TBMPBRATURB PIG. 3,0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVBS TO
ON CORROSION RATB PAILURB AT ROOM AND
BLBVATBD TBMPBRATURBS
(19, p 27)
(WB5nNGHOUSB, BBTTIS 1957)
(22) .
.... ,.,
qooE -1309
PAGE 4
FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-18Cr 7 12Nl+Cb
ANN BAR
200
160 \ 12
+
Ni
Cb
"'
F'IU
lil
:.: TYPES347,
120
.... 348
10
I\
0
0 0.001 o. 002 o. 003
STRAIN - IN PBR IN
o. 004 o. 005
80
40
.. _
FTY
...
til
60
~
Fe-18Cr-12Nl+Cb
80 liN BAIL
20 ""' ~ CW 13% BEFORE ANNEAL
60
.. ~
~~
Fru
M~
40
0
~ FTY
80
20
1--- .A
- '1.__._
40
0
~0
;j 80
80 __. r\:
--
--
RA
..."'
40
ANN EMPGS
el750F 8/9
e(2IN)
...... r
"""" '""'I
020SOF
0 7{81
0 A: 2200R
0 400 800 1200 1600
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0313 SCATTER BAND OF TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR AT ROOM FIG. 3. 0315 EFFECTS OF ANNEALING AND TEST TEMPERATURES
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD WORKED BAR
(26, p. 21-24) {29)
CODE 13091
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
80 r-----~----~----~----~------
Fe Fe-18Cr12NHCb
INVEST CASTING
18 Cr
12 Ni
+ Cb
1or-------,_--~~~~-----+--~~~CH
AS CAST
0 + 1950 TO 1975 F, I HR. RAC 8r------+------~~~~--~~~
0
6
e (liN)
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TBMP F
40
30
20
2
10
0
0.001 0. 002 . o. 003 o. 004 o. 005 0.01 0.1 10
STRAIN IN PBR IN TIMB- HR
FIG. 3. 0321 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FIG. 3, 043 liHORT TlMB TOTAL STRAIN CUR VBS AT 1200
FOR SHBBT AT ROOM TBMPBRATURB AND 1000 F TO 1800 F
(13, p. 155) (18)
CODE 1309
PAGE 6
- \,:.tt
100
Fe
-+Fe-1 8Cr-12 NH-Ch
80 -- BAR '--- 18 Cr
60 '
ANN
''"" ___
800 F
12 Ni
+ Cb
1-- - ...._
40
-1- -- 1000F liN BAR
TYPES 347,
348
20
~ :-...... 10
0
e
1700 F, AC - GS 8
1900 F, WQ - GS 2 TO 4
2250F, WQ -GS I TO 3
.............. V TUBING, 1750 F, WQ GS 3 TO 5
~
10
~ 1200 F
t--. ~
8
~6 ~ ~
........... 1350 F
~
4
""" ~
2
f"- RUYfURB
~
10
10 100 1000 10,000
RUP i"u&E TIME- HR
500 F
FIG. 3. 045 CRBBP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AND TUBING
ooo IN DIFFERENT ANNEALED CONDmONS AT 1000
!00 1000 10 000 100 (21, p. 67)
TO 1300 F
TIME -HR
ROO
FIG. 3.044 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT
TO 1500 F (26)
12 r--- .,-- -...- ---. ---
Fe-18Cr-12NI +Cb
8
0 200 400 600 800
TEMP- F
Fe-18Cr-12Nl-tCb
28 ~~~r-----+-~B~AR~----~
~
~20r----r----r---~~=~
__ (28)
--- (27)
16_~--~~--~~--~~ --~
0 1200 1600
400 BOO
TBMP- F
CODE 1309
PAGE 7
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963
Fe Fe-18Cr-12Nf.!Cb
ee
12
+
Cr
Ni
Cb
so
40
"''\~ .o..o6.31N~
ANN
""' """'
30
348
i2
20
10
""
OOOF-"
l/2TOIOO HR
EXPOOUR.B
)-.....
"'
COMPRESSION REFEREN CES
0
0 8 16 24 32 I AMS 5362 C, (March 1, 1955)
1000 KSI 2 AMS 5353 B. (Apr. 15, 1958)
FIG. 3. 063 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES 3 AMS 5512 B, (Dec. I, 1950)
IN COMPRESSION FOR SHEET AT ROOM 4 AMS 5555 A, Quly I. 1957)
AND ELBVATE D TEMPERATURE AND 5 AMS 5558, Qan. 15. 1958)
1000 F 6 AMS 5571 B. Oan. 15, 1958)
(13, p. 212) 7 AMS 5575 F, Qan. JS. 1958)
8 AMS 5646 D, (March 1, 1955)
9 AMS 5680 B. Oune J, 1951)
10 AMS 5581 A, Qune I. 1951)
JI American Iron and Steel lnstittr.e, "Stainless and Haft Resisting
Steels", Steel Products Manual, p. 37, Oune l9J7)
12 Alloy Casting Institute, "Corrosio n Resistant Type '~l BC",
Data Sheet, Oune 1954)
13 Miller. Donald E., "Determin ation of the i~1yaical Properties
o( Ferrous and Non-Ferro us Structural Efleet Materials at Ele-
vated Temperat ures", WADC AFTR No. 6517, P:. 4, (Dec. ......... .
1954)
14 General Electric Co.. "Type 347 Stainless Steel". ME-l, (1954)
15 Ho63n, C. L. and Sawyer, R. B.. "Thermal Conductlvlcy o!
Metals at High Temperat ure", journal of Applied Physics, Am-
erican Institute o! l'hysics, Vol. 23, p. 177-180, Oan. -Dec.
1952) .
16 Lucks, C. F. and Deem, H. w.. "Thermal Properties a! Thir-
teen Metals", ASTM STP No. 227, (1958)
17 Wade, W. R.. "Measure ments of Total Hemisphe rical Emissiv-
ity o! Several Stably Oxidized M~-tals and Some Refractory Oxide
Coatings" . NASA Memo. 1-20-59 L. Oan. 1959)
18 North American Aviation Inc "Material s Pro;lCrty Manual and
Summary Report", (Oct. 30, 1957)
19 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., "Stainless Steel Fabricatio n",
(1958)
20 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., "Stainless Steel Handbook",
p. 66, (1956)
21 Tlmken Roller Broring Co., "Digest of !:oteels for High Temper
ature Service, Timken I8J2 and Columbium Stainless Steel
(AISI 347)", (1957)
22 Westingho use Electric Corp . "Bettis Plant Materials Manual,
Properties of A lSI Type 347 and 348 Stainless Stct'!l", (May 1957)
23 Haynes Stellite Co., "Haynes Investmen t-Cast Steels", (April
1958)
24 Miller, j., Smith, L. M. and Porter, P. K., "Utilizatio n of
Lo'N AIIO'J Materials for High Temperat ure Service Applicatio n",
AFTR No. 59~. Oune 1949)
25 Bell Aircraft Corp., "Short-Ti me Hlgh-Tem peratur& Data",
Rp. No. BLR 53195, Quly 16, 1954)
26 Simmons, W. F. and Cross, H. c.. ''111e Elevated -Tempera -
ture Properties of Stainless Steels", ASTM STP No. 124, (1952)
27 Garofalo, F .. Malenock, P. R. and Smith, G. V., ''111e Jnnu-
ence of Temperat ure on the Elastic Constants of Some Commer-
cial Steels", Symposiu m on Determln atlu' o! Elastic Constants
,
ASTM STP No. 129. Oune 25, 1952)
28 Tlmlcen Roller Bearing Co . "Resume of High Temperat ure
Investigat ions Conducted During 1948-50", (1950)
29 nmken, "Resume' or High Temperat ure Investigat ions Conduc-
ted During 1957-59, .. (1959)
CODE 1309
PAGE 8
Fe A
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
TAR!.~ :, 04
~MS (1) AMS (2X3)(4) AMS (7)(8X9)
Source Casrlna ISM6> (lO)(ll) AMS (12) AMS (13)
Allov a-a nr 19-9 ox 19-9WX 19-9WMo
Percent Percent Percent Percent Pell~t
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0,28 0,35 0,28 0.35 0.28 0,35 0,07 0,13 0.07 0.13
Msnpne1e o. 75 1.50 0,75 1,50 o. 75 1,50 1,00 2.00 1.(1 2.5
--.. ---
Silicon 1.00 0,30 0,80 0.30 0,80 - 1,00 1.0
Pho1phorus
Sulfur
0.04
0,04
-
,; ~ :
0,040
0.030
-
-
0,040
0.030
-- 0,040
0,030
O.Ot
0,03
Chromium 18.00 2.'.. 00 111.00 21.00 18.00 21.00 19.00 22.00 18.0
Nickel 6,00 11.00 !. 00
- 11.00 8,00 ll,OO 8,00 9.50 8.0
21.0
9.5
Molybdenum 1.00 1, 75 1,00 1. 75 1.25 2,00 0.35 0,65 0,35 0,65
Tungsten 1,00 ).75 .too 1. 75 1,00 1, 75 1.25 1. 75 1.25 1. 75
Columbium+
Tantalum
Tltsnlum
O,Jil
0,15
c.. 70
0, 50
0.25
0,10
0,60
0,35
- o.-75
0.40
J.OO
0,10
1.40
0,30
0. 75
-
1.2
0.15
Coppet
Iron
- Balt,occ
0,50 - Bslance
0,50 - Bslance0,50 - 0,50
Balance
- 0,5
Balabce
TABLH3 011
AMS (2)(7) AMS (3)(8) AMS (5)(10) AMS (4)(11)
Source AMS (6)(9) AMS(1) AMS (12)
Allov
Fe-20Cr-1 0Ni- .5Mo- . SW
Form Sheet, strip, plate Casting, Wire,
Bar Bar Forging sand 'lll!ldlng
Stress
Condition Ann Ann+ CD
Relieved Stress Rel!eved Stress Relieved
Thlr~nP. . ARe
ptu' min
- In
-ksi
All
95
~0.25 <1 >Ito 1.5 - All -
max
125
-
120
-
100
-
100 - - 110
F~, min
-ksl 120
- -- - 150
--
45
-ksl
e ( In), min - percent 30
90
12
90
-
80
-
70
- - --
-- --
e~4 D), min -percent
R , min -percent 18 18 20 - - -
Haxdneas,
BHN,mln
35 35 .40 - -
'
-
- - 269
max
AMS 5526B gives Sf condition.
- - 321
269
321
228
277
228
269
-
229
-
-
3.012 Additional AMS 5722A and 572:1 requireme nts.
3.01:.!1 Bar. Rupture time at 1197 to 1203 F, 43 ksl, 100 hr 4. FABRICATION
minimum. Elong>tlon (4D) at 43 to 60 ksl, 15 percent
minimum. 4.01 Formillg and_~~
3.0122 Forgings. Rupture time at 1197 to 1203 F, 31 ksi (T) or 4.011 Genom! forming properties oC sheet, strip an~ plnte, an-
40 ksl (L), 100 hr minimum. Elongation (40) at above nealed at 1800 F, are similar to those oC the austenitic
stress to 60 ksl, 12 percent minimum. stainless steels. The alloys consume greater p~wer,
stmln haxden more rapidly and require more frequent Inter
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperatu re. SJe 3. 03 mediate anneals wheo forming p3rts In seveml operations .
also. Severe cold formln;t should ba followed Immediate ly by a
3.021 Hardness of bu and forgings varies b>tween 185 and 320 full anneal or a stress relief at 1200 F, to avoid stress
BHN, depondlng on processing and annealing history. cmcklng.
Haxdness of sheet may vary b>tween 90 RB and 30 RC. 4.012 Forging. Starting temperature for parts mnglng ftom 5
3.022 TensUe properties depend upon processing . FlU may vary to 1000 lb, 2050 F mal<lmnm, fl.nlshlng tempo:rature !SOOF
between about 100 and 150 ksi, Fty ootween 4U and 120 minimum. When the hot cold worked cnndltion Is desired,
kat, and e between 60 and 15 percent. forging tempemtu re may 1>3 as low as 1200 F effecting
20 :o 40 percent reductions between 1SOO and 1200 F.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Vadous Temperatu res
3,031' Slott time te:ulon properties 4.02 Machining
3.0311 Effect of test tempemtu re on tensUe properties of stress 4.021 Recommendations for obtalnlng the beat machln9.bUtty of
relieved sheet, plnte and lnr, Fig. 3. 0311. bar Include annealing, 15 to 20 po:rcent cold dmwlng, and
3.0312 Effect of test tempemtu re on tensUe properties of annealed stress relieving at 1200 F with a hardness of 20J to 240
sheet and plnte, Pig 3. 0312. BHN. Hot cold worked and stress re11eved material pos-
3.032 Slott time properties other than tension sesses similar machining chamcted stics. Where such
matedall s not available, annealing at 1650 F to a luxd-
CODE - 1311
PAGE 2
REVISED MARCH 1963 . FERROUS ALLOYS
--+-~~t._!...=---1----lso ~
J.
0
T SHBBT 19-9DX~
BAR 19-9DL (IS)
0. 100 IN SHEBT
19 - 9 DX
A0.250INPL ATBj
A BAR 1 -9DL
CODE
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
Fe
20 Cr 120
10 Ni
1.5 Mo ~---+--~~~--t----+----480~
1.5 w
~
80 -....1...~-:-+------t .j()
19-9 DL a "'
19-9 ox
~40
I
"' 0
i=
80 80~--~~--~~--~~--~~~=
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP -F
~
re40~~~~~r-~--~
0
0 800 1200 1600 2000
TEMP-F
60
oro
~
'"'"' 20
0
0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP-F
-.roo 0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP-F
FIG. 3. 0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
FIG. 3. 0323 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPBRAnJRB ON IMPAc:I'
COMPRESSIVE YmW STRBNGnl OF
SHBBT (15, p. 63-4. 10) STRBNGnl OF BAR (14, p. 9)
CODE 1311
P.ll.r.F 4
teA
REVISE~ MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
.,,
'.,
~
Fe
20 Cr
10 Ni
~2~--~--~~~=-~--~ 1.5 Mo
1.5 w
~
19-9 DL a
800 1200 19-9 ox
TBMP P
12
e DYNAMIC (14)
6 ---19-9 IJL (15)
0 -I(;0:==-8:!-::00::---:1200~---:-1600~
PIG. 3. M1 CllBBP RUPIURB CURVBS POR BAR AT TBMPP
1000 TO 1500 P (14, p. 12)
PIG. 3. 062 MODULUS OP RIGIDITY AT ROOM
ANI:' BLBVATBD TBMPBRATIIRES
(14, p. 6X15, p. 6-3-4. 3)
RBFBRBNCBS
I AMS 5369 A, Uune 15, 1950)
2 AMS 5526 B. Uune 15, 1950)
3 AMS 5527 A. (Nov. I, 1954)
4 AMS 5720 A. (Feb. 15, 1952)
5 AMS 5721 B. (Feb. 15, 1952)
6 AMS 5722 A, Uune IS, 1950)
7 AMS 5538, (Dec. I, 1953)
8 AMS 5539, (Dec. I, 1953)
9 AMS 5723, (No-1. I, 1952)
10 AMS 5724, (Dec. I, 1953)
II AMS 5729, (Dec. I, 1953)
12 AMS 5782 A, Uune I, 1951)
13 AMS 5783 B. Uune 15, 1953)
14 Universal Cyclops Steel Corporation, "Uniloy 19-9DL and Uniloy
J99DX", Technical Bulletin, Uuly 1956)
15 North American Aviation, Inc., Materials Research, "Materials
Property Manual and Summary Report", (Oct. 30, 1957)
16 Favor, Ronald J., Achbach, William P. and Hyler, WalterS.,
"MaterialsProperry-Design Criteria for Metals", WADC TR
55150, Pl. 5, (Oct. 1957)
CODE 1311
DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
.,.
and strip
~ltrogen - 0.25 - - Form CR Sheet
~lllcon
Sulfur
-
-
1.0
0.03
-- -
- Ann
CR Temper
l'l ;ft Full H
liS 125 ISO 175 185
ron Balance Balance Ftu minksl
55 75 110 13S 140
Fty~ mlnksl
e(21n)mln percent 55 2S IS 12 8
1.05
1.051
1.052
1.053
Heat Treatment
Anneal. 1850 to 20SOF, rapid cool, (2).
Cold-work up to 60 percent, (5), see also Table 3.0214.
Stress relief. SOOF, 2 br, (5, Thl. 2). 3.022
.
Hardness, Rc
Rs
Compression
~o 2S 32 37 41
1.09 Special Considerat ions 3.03 Mechanica l Properties at Various Temperatu res
3.031 Tension
2. !'HYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.0311 Stress strain diagrams
3.0312 E!!ect of room and elevated temperatu re 011 tensUe
2.01 Thermal Properties properties of lull hardened .alloy, Fig. 3. 0312.
2.011 Melting ranse 3.0313 E!!ect of room and elevated temperatu re on tenslle
2.012 Phase chanses properties of hardened alloy, Fig. 3. 0313.
2.0121 Time-temperature-transformation diagrams 3.0314 Bffect of stress relief and cold rolling 011 tenslle yield
2.013 Thennal conductivit y. 212F, 9.4 Btu It per (br sq ft !'). strength of alloy, F4!. 3. 0314.
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014. 3.032 Compressi on
2.015 Specific heat. 32 to 212F, 0.12 Btu per (lb F), (3, C-.3). 3.0321 Stress strain diagrams
2.016 Thermal dlf!uslvlty 3.0322 Effect of stress relic! and cold reduction on compressi ve
yield strenstb of alloy, Fig. 3. 0322.
2.02 Other !'hysical Properties Impact
3.033
2.021 Density. 0.281b per cu In, 7. 74 gr per cu em, (3, C-3). 3.0331 E!!ect of low and elevated temperatu res on Charpy V.
2.022 mectrlcal properdes
Impact strensth of alloy, Fig. 3. 0331.
2.0221 l!lectrlcal resistivity . 69 microhm -em at room 3.034 Bending
temperatu re, (7). 3.03S Torsion and shear
2.023 Magnetic properties . Table 2. 023. 3.036 Bearing
TABLE 2.023 3.037 Stress concentration
3.0371 Notch properties
3.0372 Fracture toughness
3.038 Combined properties
CODE 1312
PAGE
' ....
FERROUS ALLOYS DECEMBER 1963
4.5 Ni 4. PABlUCATJON
4.01 Parmablll tr
Type 2014.ou Geueral. 180" .beJI:IJDg af 2 T radius af '!ype 201(1/2 hard)
10Dglludlnal ADd lraDBVerse specimens can be successfully
done wllboul: c:nctiD& (6, p. 50).
4.012 Parglng. lbrUDg temperature 2100 ID 2250 P, finishing
110mperature 1700 P or aboye, (7).
4.03 ~
4.031 !ipotweJdlllg af tbe .uoy ill aatlafaclor y, (6, p. 48).
4. 04 Heat Txeatmellt
4.05
TEMPERII l
PIG. 3.0212 EFFECT OP ANNEALIIl AND TEMPERII l
ON ROOM TEMPERA TURE TENSILE PRO
PERTIES AND HARDNESS
(3,C2)
200
Fe17Cr-6 . 5Mn4. SNI
160 /
v-
v
./
12
Pe17Cr6 . SMn.f. SNI
IJ.NN
---(2)
120
Fro
/ ;>"" -
---~
-(3) ~
11 !7'
/ / FTY
v . ./. . .
80
" / OMINIMUM
MEAl COBP LlkEAR
/ ," TiiERiL EXPAiiON ~.
"-.,
/
PRr RT TO fEMP
r-_ e (2 IN)
/
INDICATED
0
8
0 400 800
I Ann 1/4 1/2 3/4 Pull
1200 1600 2000 HARDENIIl
TEMPP
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION FIG. 3. 0213 EFFECT OF HAROENIJI(l ON TENSILE
(2, p. 20)(3, C-6) PROPBRTIBS OP ALLOY ( , p 20)
2
coo" 1312
PAGE 2
.Fe A
DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
200
160
1--
............. ~
Ol7(;f0.0MD9.0Nl
FTU
FULL HARD
L
200
160
Fe-17Crr SMD-4. iNI
srak$RBuJ~ ..............
800F./1 ~/
/ 17 Cr
6.5 Mn
4.5 Ni
Fe
lil
:.:
120
~ ,""-
Fn""-. ...
... lil
"
120
...
{:;; Type 201
80
80
v/
40
40
240
Fe-17Cr-6. 5Mn4. SN!
200
Fe-17Crl5Mn-4. SNI
160
v-"
lil
"
120
STRI!$ JELIEF
800F
v
lil [7
" 80
- -
-- - -
80
FCY
40
0
Ann 10 20 30 40
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF R~ AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES FIG. 3. 0322 BFPECT OF STRB$ RBLIIU' AND COLD
OF HARDENED ALLOY REDUCTION ON CCNPRBSSIVB YIELD
(J,C-2) STRBNGTI! OF ALLOY (3,C3)
CODE 1312
PAGE 3
FERROUS ALLOYS
DECEMBER 1963
120 32
' /
Fe Fe17Cr 6. 5Mn4.5!'11
FeI7Cr- 6. 5Mu4. SNI
17 Cr
6.5 Mn
UJO 30
--
80 I'
........
Type 201
"'..I~ IECHARPY v ---
... 60 26
40 24
Ann 10 20 30 40
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT
20 FIG. 3,0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICI1Y IN COMPRE
SSION
FOR STRESS RELIEVED AND COLD ROLLED
ALLOY
0
... ~
(3, C3)
32
FeI7Cr 6. SMn-4. SNI REFERENCES
30 --- '\.
R.J. Ncl:ervls ,C.H. Lund and A.M.Hal l,"starua o!
High
Strength Steels lor the Alrcn!t Industry, "'IML, Battelle
Memoria l !nat., Rep. No. 91, (January 3, 1958)
N,
\ E 2 "Stainles s and Hest Resisting Steels, "Steel Products
Manusl,
AIS~ (Juae 1957)
-----
F.j. Mangoae , D. B. Roach and A.M. Hall, "Propert
........ Certain Cold Rolled Austeniti c Stainless Sleet Steels,
ies of
CODE 1312
PAGE 4
RELEASED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR W. W. DYRKACZ
/
v ~
4. FABRICATION v
4.01 Formabllltv
4.011 / MEAN COEFFICIENT _
Forging. Normal practice consists of preheating at
1500-1600F then raising the temperature rapidly to with- V LINI::AR THERMAL EXPANSION
In the range of 2050-2300F. The finishing temperature
should be maintained above 1700 F. After fort,'ing, an-
nealing at 1900-2050F followed by rapid cooling Is
recommended (6).
ID
~ 9
/ FROM Rr TO TEMP INDICATED
I
I"~.!_17C~-6Ni~6Mn~2Cu + S
-BAR Fe
ANNEALED
40 I - 17 Cr
60r-----.-----~------.------, I
..;- nr 6 Ni
Fe-17Cr-6Ni-6Mn-2C u + S -
i:5 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
/
v /
~ 200 6 Mn
30
II I ~400
2 Cu
~ 20
v /
/
./
V~f-8oo
GOO
-1000
+ s
20~----~----~------~-----J
0 400 (;00 1200 1600
j I I I I
v v ,.,___. -12 0
f-
203 EZ
TE;>!PERATURE- F
10 I I I I I ( I / 1400F
FIG. 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY. (5, p. 3)
1/ I l !I I I I I
1/
TENSION
-
0
I 1/ 1/ I
~ 0.002 ~
ST!lAlN- iNCII PER INCII
160
Fi.-17Cr-6Ni-6Mn-2C u + S
BAR
ANNEALED
140
120
FTU
100 REFERENCES
1. MIL-W-52263B (MR) (9 December 1965).
2. QQ-5-764a (January 3, 1966).
80
!\ 3.
4.
ASTM Designation: A-581-67 (December 12, 1967).
ASTM Designation: A-582-67 (December 12, 1967).
~
liJ 5. AI:egheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, ''Stnlnless Steel
:.: --Allegheny Ludlum Free Machining Grades Types
203EZ, 303EZ, 416EZ, and 430F," A-L Blue Sheet
60
'"""--!.__ (1970).
6. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, "Allegheny Type
40
\ FTY ~1\ 7.
203EZ Machining Stainless," Technical Horizons (1966).
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Research Center
Memorandum, by Paul Lange (.lune 24, 1969).
I~ .____
8. Universal Cyclops Specialty Steel Division, "Stainless
\ 9
Steels Handbook," (1965).
Carpen\er Steel Company, "Carpenter Stainless and
20
80
....... RA
-r-- 10.
Heat Resisting Steels--Selection, Description,
Fabrication," Working Data (1962).
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Research Center
Memorandum, "Comparison o( Corrosion Properties of
Types 203EZ, 303, 202, and 304," by W. G. Renshaw
;,r-.-.
fo<
(August 13, 1965).
~
~
tl
It:
~
p.,
40
e(4D)
. ......
11.
12.
Ibid., "Properties of 203EZ compared to 303EZ," by
J. A. Ferree (July 6, 1965).
Ibid., "Allegheny Ludlum 203EZ, Austenitic Free-
Machining Stainless Steel," by J. A. Ferree (February
2, 1966).
0 13. Ibid., Research Center Test Report, Project No.
-400 400 800 1200 1600 70-1137, 203EZ (September 29, 1969).
TEMPERATURE- F 14. Frederick, P. II., Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation,
( __ i
Personal Commumlcation (November 27 ,1970).
FIG. 3.031 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON 15. "Free-Machining Stainless Alternative for Type 303,"
TENSILE PROPERTIES. (5, p. 4)(11)(13) Metal Progress, Volume 98, No.5 (November 1970).
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR ( .. ;::, HICKEY, JR.
r - - - - - - . 2 . 02 Other Physical Properties 3.02122 Effect of tempering temperature on the tensile and yield
Fe 2.021 Density. 0. 280 lb per cu in, 7. 75 gr per cu em. strengths of Type 410 deformed In the metastable austen-
2.022 Electrical resistivity, Figure 2. 022. Itic condition, Figure 3. 02122.
Low C 2.023 Magnetic properties. 3.02123 Effect of tempering t~mperature on the reduction of area
2.0231 The 400 series of corrosion resistant steels are mag- and elongation of Type 410 deformed In the metastable
12 Cr netic. Magnetization curves, Figure 2.0231. austenitic condition, Figure 3. 02123.
L - - - - - - ' 2 . 0232 Residual induction nnd coercive force nfter magnetizing 3.02124 Effect of tampering temperature and deformation on the
at 1200 oersteds, and maximum permeability, Table tensile properties of Type 410, Figure 3. 02124.
Types403, 2.0232. 3.02125 Effect of rolling reduction on tensile properties of an-
2.024 Emittance. nealed sheet, Figure 3.02125,
410,416 2.025 Damping Capacity. 3.02126 Effect of rolling reduction and annealing on the as re-
ceived tensile properties of Type 410 sheet, Table
2.03 Chemical Properties 3.02126.
2.031 Corrosion resistance. 3.022 Compression.
2.0311 These steels arc resistant to atmospheric and fresh .3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams.
water corrosion and to a variety of mild acids and 3.023 Impact.
alkalines, but they are inferior to the 300 series of 3.0231 Effect of tempering temperature on mechanical proper-
stainless steels and In some cases may require corro- ties of sand castings (see Figure 1. 0552).
sion protection. Maximum corrosion resistance is ob- 3.0232 Effect of tempering temperature on Impact properties
tained in the hardened condition, but usually re- of Type 410, Figure 3.0232.
duced when tempering between 550 to 1050 F. The re- 3.024 Bending.
quirements for clean surfaces are similar to that for 3.025 Torsion and shear.
the 300 series. Type 416 is sllghUy less corrosion re- 3.026 Bearing.
sistant than Types 403 and 410. 3.027 Stress concentration.
2.0312 The chromium stainless steels are susceptible to both 3.0271 Notch properties. Effect of tempering temperature on
stress corrosion and to hydrogen embritUemcnt if heat sharp notch strength of sheet, Figure 3. 0271.
treated to high strength. 3.0272 Fracture toughness.
2.032 Oxidation resistance of these alloys is good up to 1200 F 3.028 Combined properties.
for continuous service and 1400F for intermittent ser-
vice. 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
2.033 The corrosion resistance of Type 416 casting Is not as 3.031 Tension.
good as the other 12-14 percent chromium types, and 3.0311 stroc~-strain diagrams.
this steel will generally show a higher corroslm rale 3. 03111 Stress-strain curves in tension at elevated tempera-
under strong corrosive conditions than other types of tures for Type 410, Figure 3. 03111.
similar chromium content (31). 3.03112 True stress-strnin curves at various temperatures for
2.034 Corrosion rate and attack depth. Results of corrosion Type 410, Figure 3. 03112.
rate and maximum depth of attack on sheet In sea water 3.0312 Tension properties.
at a depth of 5600 feet in the Tongue of the Ocesn(TOTO) 3.03121 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of Type
waters, Bahama Islands, Table 2. 034. 410, Flg~ne 3.03121.
2.035 Types 403 and 410 exhibit pocr and erratic corrosion re- 3.03122 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties or Types
sistance at 500 to GOOF In high purity water containing 403 and 410, Figure 3.03122.
oxygen. They are considerably Inferior to austenitic 3,03123 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of Type
stainless steels In this respect. 416, Figure 3.03123.
3. 03124 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties or pre-
2.04 Nuclear Properties cision investment castings in different conditions,
2.041 Type 410 Is used for high strength parts In reactors. Figure 3.03124.
2.042 Irradiation effects on these and other martens!Uc stain- 3.032 Compression.
less steels are as follows: 3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams.
2.0421 The hardness Increases, as the total flux and the temp- 3.033 Impact.
erature of irradiation is Increased. This effect also 3.0331 Effect of elevated test temperatures on the impact
appears to be greater for a higher initial hardness, but properties of Type 403, Figure 3. 0331.
independent of the carbon content. 3.0332 Effect of elevated test t.emperatures on the impact prop-
2.0422 Tensile strength and yield strength Increase and the duc- erties of Types 403 and 410, Table 3.0332.
tility decreases If saturation point appears to be reached 3.0333 Effect of low teet temperatures on the Impact prop-
below the point of complete embritUemcmt. erties of Types 410 and 416, Figure 3, 0333.
2.0423 The impact strength in the ducWe range is only sllghUy 3,034 Bending.
reduced. The transition temperature from ductile to 3.035 Torsl.on and sbe:~r.
brittle behavior, however, may be raised by 50 to 75F. 3.036 Bearing.
2.0424 Density is no~ cha:tged beyond the limits of exp~>rimental 3.037 Stress concentration.
error. 3.027t Notch properties.
3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties.
3.063
Figure 3. 062.
Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated temperatures,
Low C
Figure 3. 063. 12 Cr
4. FABRICATION Types403,
4.01 Formability 410,416
4.011 General. Type 410 is generally formed in the fully
annealed condition. Its formability is inferior to that of
annealed 18-8 steels and comparable to that of 1/4 hard
18-8 steels.
4.012 Forging. Starting temperaturEt 2200 F maximum, finish-
ing temperature 1700 F minimum. Hot upsetting opera-
tions on Type 403 and Type 410 can be performed at
temperatures down to 1300 F. Heavy sections must be
preheated at 1200 to 1500 F and both heavy sections and
complicated sbapes should be equalized after forging at
about 1300 F and furnace cooled or cooled slowly in W1
insulating material. Type 416 can be forged to a !united
extent but should be annealed after forging.
4.013 Tbe presence of delta ferrite may cause difficulties in
hot working processes, especially during the piercing of TABLE 1 O:J
seamless tubes and in forgings if upsetting is involved. Type
AMS ASTM Fonn
Reheating one or more times is advisable when the up-
- A276, A314 403 Bar, billets
setting operation is severe. The amount of delta ferrite
that may be present in Type 410, if the chemistry is not
5350D
5351B
-
A296,A351
Castings (precision investment)
Casting (sand)
properly balanced, is a function of the ingot size as well 5504F A176, A240 Sheet, strip, and plate
as of the composition. As the ingot size is reduced by
hot working, the amount of delta ferrite present may de-
5591D - 410 Tubing, seamless
5613K A193, A276, A314 Bar, forgings, tubing, and
crease; also it may vary from the top to the bottom and
forging stock
from the surface to the center of the ingot (48).
5776 - Wire welding
5777 - Electrode, coated welding
4.02
4.021
Machining
Best machinability in Types 403 and 410 Is obtained if -
5349
A193, A194, A314
- 416
Bars, billets, forging stock
Casting (precision Investment)
( they are heat treated or aimealed and cold worked to 200
\ 5610G - Bar, forging Ifree machining)
to 260 BHN for light fast cuts, vr to 180 to 220 BHN for
heavy cuts, drilling or sawing. Machinablllty rating in
5505A
5609
-- 12Cr ferrite
Sheet, strip, and plate
this condition Is 50 to 55 percent of that of mild steels.
In the annealed condition these steels have a tendency to
5611 - controlled Bars, forgings, tubing and
tear and to seize.
5612A - forldne: stock
5614 - 12Cr-0.5Mo Bars, forgings, and forging stock
4.022 Types 416 and 416Se possess the highest machinability
of all stainless steels. The best performru>ce is obtained
5655
5821A
-
-
12.5Cr-1W Bars, forgings and forldnl! stock
12Cr Weld wire
if heat treated or cold worked to 180 to 240 BHN. A
satisfactory lubricant for most operations is a low con-
centration sulfur base oil. Tbe machinability rating of
this steel is about 85 perceat of that of mild steel.
4.03 Welding
For fusion welding of Type 403 and Type 410, electrodes
of the same composition can be used when material is to
be subsequently heat treated, and Type 309 or 310 elec-
trodes can be used if the material is to be used In the as
welded condition. Preheating to 300 F minimum and
postheating at 1300F, followed by cooling at a rats of
100F per hour maximum to llOOF, Is necessary to pre-
vent cracking. Type 416 is weldable to a very limited
extent. Alloy should be annealed at 1450 F after welding
to improve both ductility and corrosion reslstMce.
Fe ASTM(ll)(13
TABLE 1 041
AMS (2)
AMS (3)(4)
(6)(7)(8)
--
ASTM (9)
u
Source AlSI (16) AMS (1) ASTM ASTM(9) AMS(5) (10)(13) AMS (15)
Low C (12)(14) (11)(13)
410 casting, !ilO Casting, 416 free 416 Casting,
12 Cr Type 403 prec invest sand 410 machining 416 prec invest
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Element min max min max min max min max min max min max min max
Types403, Carbon -- 0.15 0.05 0.15 -- 0.15@3) - 0.15(f) - 0:15 - 0.15 - 0.15
410,416 Manganese 1.00 - 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.25 - 1.25 - 1.25
Silicon - 0.50 - 1.00 - 1.50 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.50
Phosphorus - 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040 -- 0.04tti) - 0.040 -0.040 - 0.050
SUlfur
Chrom.:um
- 0.030
11.5 13.5
- 0.030 - 0.040 0.030 0.15(c) 0.35(c) 0.15
1.5 13.5 11.5 14.0 11.5 13.5 11.50 13.50 12.0 14.0
(g) 0.15 0.35
11.5 14.0
Nickel -- - - 0.50 - 1.00 -- 0.75 - 0.50 - - - 0.5
Molybdenum - -- 0.50 -- 0.50 0.5~ - 0.60(a - 0.60 --0.5
Selenium - -- -- - - - (c) (c) (g) -- - --
Aluminum - - - - - 0.050 - - -
Copper -- - - 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50 - -- -- 0.5-
- -- - - -
- --
Tin - - - 0.050 -
Zirconium
Iron
-
Balance
-
Balance
- -
Balance Balance Balance
- - - - - 0.5
Balance Balance
(a) Molybdenum and zirconium
(b) (4) gives 0.60
(c) Selenium 0.18 to 0. 35 and sulfur 0. 030 maximum for Type 416 Se
(d) (8) gives 0,03
(e) (12) gives 0.20 to 0.40 for CA-40
(f) (7)(8) give 0.12
(g) Selenium 0.15 maximum and sulfur 0.06 maximum for Type 416 Se
TABLE 1.042
Source ASM(a) ASM ASM(d)
(17-20)(23) (21) (22)
(12Cr ferrite
Type controlled) 12Cr-0.5Mo 12.5Cr-1W
(12.5Cr)
Percent Percent Percent
Element min max min max min max
Carbon 0.12(b) 0.15 0.07 0.12 0.20 0.25
Manganese - 0.60 0.30 0.60 -
1.00
Silicon - 0.50 -- 0.35 0.20 0.60
Phosphorus - 0.025 0.040 --
0.040
Sulfur
Chromium
- 0.025
11.50 12.50 11.50
- 0.030
12.50
0.030
11.50 13.50
Nickel - 0.75 - 0.60 0.50 1.00
Molybdenum - 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.75 1.25
Aluminum
Copper
-- 0.05
0.50
-
- 0.50
- -
-
--
Tin
Nitrogen
-
-
0.05
0.08(c)
-
-
-- -
-
-
-
Iron Balance Balance Balance
(a) (17-20) pertain to 12Cr ferrite controlled and (23) pertains to
12. 5Cr type.
(b) (23) gives 0.11
(c) (19) gives 0.18
(d) (22) also has tungsten (0.75-1.25) and vanadium (0.17-0.27)
TABLE 1 054
AMS l'vDe Form Austenilize
5350D, 5351B Bar, forgings, tubing 1740-1760F, 30 min, AC
5591D, 5613K 410 Castings
5504F Sheet, strip, plate 1740-1760F,15 to 30 min, AC
5776 5777 Deposited weld 1735 to 1765F 15 to 30 min AC
5610G, 5349 416 Bar, forglngs(lree 1815 to 1835F, 25 min, AC
machining), casting
5505A Sheet, strip, plate 1690-1710F, 1 hr, AC
5609
12Cr ferrite controlled
Bar, forgings, tubing, 1690-1710F, 1 hr, AC
5611 forging stock 1725-1745F, 1 hr, AC
5612A 1690-1710F 1 hr AC
5614 12Cr-0.5Mo Bar, forgings, and 1740-1760F, 1 hr, AC
5655 12.5Cr-1W forging stock 1900-1950F, 1 hr, AC
5821A 12.5Cr Weld wire 1690-1710F 1 br AC
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-(LOW C)-l::Cr
1800F,OQ +TEMPER 200
Fe-(Lclw C)-12Cr
BAR
l Fe
e 0 A TYPE 410
240 f-1750F, QUENCHED
HELDFOR3~
TO~
Low C
FTU
6 TYPE 416 ANDSW~ 12 Cr
160
220
UJ
:.: / Types403,
120 i=! UJ 200 410,416
lio :.:
~ FTY
180
/
UJ 120~-~-----+-----+--~rPr---~~~~~ 80
:.:
I 160 60
'"'
~
80 6
RA
-
....._
r-
0 I
40
80
E-o
zfil
e(4D) ......-r---
0
Q:; 40 gj 50
fil
1--
, 0
fil
ilo !
Q:;
__.... ~ Rc
;! 45
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
AQ 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 DEFORMATION - PERCENT
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 1.061 Efo'FECT OF DEFORMATION ON THE HARDNESS
FIG. 1.0551 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE ANll TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TYPE 410 DE-
PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND BAR. (24)(25) FORMED IN THE METASTABLE AUSTENITIC
CONDITION. (27)
" \
160
120
11-----
t',.,
-..............., I\\ FTU
0.20 f-Fe-(LOW J-12Cr (TYPE 410)
9.25 IN SQ BAR
~
2150F, WQ
~ ....
~
80
FTY 1--e 0
Q:;
fil
0.15
,.. '"'
:..
ilo 0.10
z
I
40
~ 0.05 NO FERRITE
v__.
-
L-..
~ 5 PERCENT MAX FERRITE
e(2 IN) ...: & > 5 PERCENT FERRITE
0
I I I I -~
0.0
0 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5
1.---
0 v CHROMIUM - PERCENT
----1:~/
CONTENT ON FREE FERRITE OF TYPE 410.
(48)
0
600 800 1000 1200 1400
TEMPERING TEMPEUATURE- F
r.nn..- 1.11 n 1
I CIVI
17
ii: Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
Fe ! (TYPE 410)
Low C "'
g 16
12 Cr g 25 36
a:
~ ~
Types403 , ~ 15 0
a: 28
410,416 "' ~
~
THERMAL --ANN, (24)
CONDUCTIVITY - - 1750 F, AC+I375F, 2HR
14 (29)
0 200 400 600 800 20
TEMP -F 0 400 HOO 1200 1600
TEMP- F
FIG. 2. 013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
(28, p. 6-2-2. 4)(29) FIG. 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (24)(29)
20
~ 15
<:
<::
Cl
.-
0
Fe-(LOW C}-12Cr ~
i2 10
MEAN COEF LINEAR I
THERMAL EXPANSION~ z
0
_ -.-
FROM RT TO TEMP//,:" " f::
lNDI ATBD / g5
Q
/-TYPE 403, (30}
/-= ,....
/
---TYPE 41~} (24)
:s
'()
I
.... / --TYPE 416
:3 5 I 0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 0 50 100 0 400 800 1200
TBMP-F MAGNETIZING FORCE - OERSTEDS
FIG. 2. 014 THERMAL EXPANSION (24)(30) FIG. 2. 0231 MAGNETIZATION CURVES (29)
TABLE 2 0232
Source (29)
Condition 1350F 4 hr FC 1850F AC + 500~' 2 hr
Max Perrncabllltv 850 82
Residual Inducllon
- gausses 12,000 6000
Coercive Force
-oersteds 33 48
Fe-(LOW C}-12Cr
_ (TYPE 410\ /
v
0.14
TABLE 3 011
Source AMS(3) AMS(4) I AMS(6) AMS (5) AI\IS (1) I_ AMS(2)
Alloy Type 410 l'ype 416 Type 410
AMS (15)
l'ype 416
Fe
Sheet, strip, Tubing, Bar, forging, Bnr,
Form Plate seamless tubing_ fomng
Casting,
_])rec invest
Casting,
sand
Casting,
prec invest
Low C
Condition AnPealed Austenltize+ Normalize+ Austen! tize+ 12 Cr
temper (b) Temper (b) T,"mper (c}_
Ftu, minimum- ksi - (a) - - 95 90 -
maximum- ksi 95
-
100
-
-
-
-- - - - Types403,
Ffl, minimum - ksi
e( in), min - percent
7;; 65 - 410,416
~ 0.030 inch 15 -
-
- - - -- -
>0.030 inr.h 20 - - - - -
Full section - 25 - - - - -
Test bar - 20 - - -8 -- -
e(4 D), min - percent - - - - 8
RA, minimum - percent
Hardness
- - - - 20 - 15
Rt, - minimum - - -- - 94 - 90
--
-maximum - - 100 - 100
BHN- minimum - - - - 217 -
-maximum -- -
-- -35 -35 - 248 -
R, - minimum
- - - -
-maximum
* Rc 50 maximum for tubing.
45 - - - -
(a) 150 ksi, minimum, when austenltized
(b) llOOF, minimum
(c) 1050F, minimum
TABLE 3 012
AMS(17)(a) AMS AMS AMS
Source (18){a) I (19)(b~ (2Q(l) (2ljp) (22)(d)
12Ci'- 12.5Cr
Alloy 12Cr Fe1r!te Controlled 0.5MO -1W
Sheet, Strip, Bar, Forgings, Bar, Forgings,
Form and Plate Tubin~. ;md Forging and Forging
Stock Stock
Condition Ann Austenlze + Temper
Ftu, minimum - ksi - 180 185 180 180 100 140
maximum- ksl
Fty, minimum - ksi
95
-
-
147 152
- -
145 147
- -
80 115
-
e(2 in), min-percent (e) - 10 10 10 21 13
<0.035 inch -
-
4 - - - - -
0.035-0.070 Inch
0.070-0.110 inch -
5
7
-
-
-
-
-
- -
- --
0.110-0.150 Inch - 9 - - - - -
>0.150 Inch
RA, minimum
-
-
ll
- 30
- 30
-
30
-
GO
-
25
-
Hardness
Rc minimum
maximum
39
44
-
-
40
45
39
44
39
44
- --
-
BHN, minimum - - -- - - - 293
maximum -
(a) 1700F, 1 hr; douuJe temper GOOF, 2 hours
- - - - 341
TABLE 3 021
Source (33)
Type 403 and 410 41G
Sheet,
Form Strip Plate Bnr Wire Bar Wire
Temp- Cold Cold Heat Temp- Cold Cold Heat
Condition AnP Ann Ann cred Drawn Ann Drawn Treated Ann crcd Dra\Vn Ann Drawn Trentcd
"11tlckness - inches
Ftu typical - ksi
-
65
-70 All
75
All
110
1
100 75
0.250
95 135
All All 1 0.250
75 110 100 75 95 135
Fty typical - ksi 35 35 40 85 85 40 80 105 40 85 85 40 80 105
e(2 in), typical-percent 25 30 35 23 17 - - - 30 18 13 -20 - -
e(4D), typical-percent - - - - - 30 15 10 - - - JO 5
RA, typical-percen~
Hardness
- - 70 65 GO 70 60 50 GO 55 50 60 50 40
Rb, typical
Rc. typical
80
-
80
-
82
-
97
-
94
-
82
-
D2
-
-
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
92
-
-
29
BHN, typical - - 155 225 205 155 - - 155 230 205 - - -
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971
\
\._.
Fe Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
BAR
Low c 250
1750F, QUENCHED TO SOOF,
HELD FOR 3 HRS AND SWAGED
12 Cr
Types403 , 230
410,416
!i.l
:.: 210
t'
190
PERCENT
170
230
Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
BAR
1750F, QUENCHED TO BOOF,
400 600 800 1000 HELD FOR 3 HR AND
TEMPEruNG TEMPERATU RE-F SWAGE~D--~~----~
DEFORMATION
: 1~
.44
}PERCENT -1-----l---- 1
... 56
e(4D)
160
Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr /TYPE 410)
0. 040 INCH SHEET Fe
120
ANNEALED AND COLD ROLLED
,__. ___. Low C
l--- v-
~ 12 Cr
___.,....... FTU
80
v Types403,
~120
~
1--
FTY
-- - 410,416
'/
8
270
40
250
0"'
~210
230
0 ""' - 10
['-..._ e(2 IN)
20 30 40 50
ROLLING REDUCTION- PERCENT
60
TABLE 3 02120
170 Source (38";".pp. 9-10)
Alloy Fe-fLow C)-12Cr (Type 410)
150 Form 0. 06~linch sheet initial thickness
65 Condition As rolled or rolled and annealed
Percent Reduction Dlrec- Fty- ksi Ftu e(2in)
in Thickness (by Uon <r.2 percent ksl percent
rolling)
55 0 L 49.4 83.5 24.5
T 47.9 83.6 27.5
15 102
~ L
L 34.8
108 5.3
74.8 27.0
t345 18(a) L 99 109.2 5.0
~ 20 75.3 27.8
p., L 37.6
(a) Rolled+ 1550F, 10 min, AC
10
0 160
RT 400 600 800 1000 Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 410)
TEMPERING AND DEFORMATION BAR
TEMPERATURE- F J800F, 0Q +TEMPER
120
FlG. 3.02124 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
AND DEFORMATION ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF TYPE 410. (27) I
1/
40
/
IE CHARPY-V
~
__...
' v
I
0
0 200
"' l/
1000
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
~
Iii
~
f-<180
160
~ ~}NOTCH STRENGTH 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
TRUE STRAIN
~~----~----~----~----~ FIG. 3.03112 TRUE STRES8-ST RAIN CURVES AT VARIOUS
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERIN G TEMPERA TURE- F TEMPERA TURES FOR TYPE 410. (35)
Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
0.063 INCH SHEET
200 r----+ -----+ ----+ ---1
Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
0.063 INCH SHEET
1800F, 1/2 HR, OQ. 700F, 1 HR, AC
160
75F 1800F, 1/2 HR, 0Q
_)..--_:::: [::::: 800F + 700F, 1 HR, AC
fi1120
v -
40r---,_--~--~~-~
-
:;:
~
1000F
80
!---
40 I ~
0 L?
0
1----
o_~~~~~~L__j
0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMPERA TURE- F
CODE 1401
If:"
140
Fro~ Types403,
!il
:<:
"' 410,416
160
120
100
60
"" "<<I
~ ---..
...
120
!il
~
t.:l
0
40 ----- RA
1>:
80 ~ t.:l
p.. 20
i:!
r.. e(2 IN)
r---
120 40
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 +100
til TEMPERATURE- F
:<:
~80 0 FlG. 3.03123 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TEN-
rt SILE PROPERTIES OF TYPE 416. (39)
TEMPERATURE- F
COOE 1401
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971
160
Fe Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 403) l
1800F, BI<INE QUENCH+ ll25F TEMPER I
Low C
I
12 Cr
v
120
Types403, ~
410,416 ~ 80
IE C~PY-V
l
y
/
/
40
v
~
li
0
0 HlO 200 30(1 400 500 GOO 700
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
TABLE 3 0332
Source slf T (52)
Form Bar
Alloy Type 403 Type 410(a)
1800F-1 hr-OQ; 1800F-1hr-OQ
Condition 1750F-lhr-AC; 1075F-3hr-AC 950 F-3hr-AC
1050F-1hr-AC 1100F-2hr-AC 975F-2hr-AC
Test Temp
RT
F
- -
IE Charllv- V rt-lb
16.0 8.5
500
600
105 - -
98 34.3 19.3
700 - 35.5 20.3
800 81 41.3 17.5
(a) Average or two tests.
!iJ
:..:
1
10
e-(LOW C)-12Cr+-- -l
8
BAR
40 6
4
~30 1. 31 PERCENT
~20 ~4---+---~~~~~
CODE 1401
1971, BeUour Stulen, Ioc.
PAGE I?
HE.VI:SI:.U 1 :St:.t"' II:.Mt:ll:.tc I~ fl I L.l \I \VV'-" ~'-'-""I-
l.
~20
Types4 (
20
410,4U
~~0 0
~ 10
8 ~~40
~
6
20
4
0
1500 F 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
2
1000 10,000 MBAN STRESS - KSI
10 100
TIME -HR FIG. 3.051 STRESS RANGE DlAGRAMS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
TO 900F FOR MATERIA L HEAT TREATED 20 TO 26 Rc.
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT (43)
1000 TO 1500F. (30, pp. 8, 9)
NOTCHE;~~ ~
w
100
0
60
~!6 ~p~oo ~
I
1
= 0.002
10
K-5
I RUPTURE
100
' "'800F ~
1000
1'- 0
0
1000HR
20 40
0.1
TIME- HOURS
FIG. 3.052 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3.043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND TO 900F FOR MATERIAL HEAT TREATED 26 TO 32 Rc
(44) (43)
NOTCHED BAR AT 600 TO 800F.
CODE I
Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr(T YPE 403)
Fe INCH BAR
12 .......... Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
Low C 1750F, 15 MIN, OQ + 1000F, 1 1/2HR
~2 Cr
FTU = 141 KSI
~
v;
:.:10 ~
'Types403,
\
0
0 G DYNAMIC
....
0
410,41 6
8 ~
I
0 400 800 1200 1600
~ 0~------+------<~~--~------~~..~ TEMPER ATURE- F
~
AND ELEVATE D TEMPER ATURES.
(47)
<
~20~----~~~~~~~~~--~
~<
REFEREN CES
40
1. AMS 5350D CasUngs - Investmen t 12.5Cr (June 30,1962).
2. AMS 5351B Castings- Sand 12.5Cr (June 15, 1953).
3. AMS 5504F Plate, Sheet and Strip 12.5Cr (Novembe r 1,
1969).
4. AMS 5591D Tubing, Seamless 12.5Cr (July 15, 1961).
5. AMS 5610G Bars and Forgings 13Cr, Low Carbon, Free
Machining (April15, 1967).
6. AMS 5613K Bars, Forgings, Mech Tubing and lUngs
20 12.5Cr (Novembe r 1, 1969).
40 60 80 7. AMS 5776 Wire- Welding 12.5Cr (January 15, 1957).
MEAN STRESS - KSI
8. AMS 5777 Electrode , Coated Welding 12.5Cr (January1 5,
FIG. 3.053 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS AT 700 AND 900F 1957).
FOR RUPTURE , 1.0 AND 0.5 PERCENT TOTAL 9. ASTM A 193-69 Alloy- Steel Bolting Materinis for High
STRAIN FOR HEAT TREATED BAR. (48, p.181) Temperat ure Service, Book of Standards American
Society for Testing Materials , Part 1, pp. 109-117
(1970).
10. ASTM A 194-69 Cnrbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts
for High Pressure and High Temperat ure Service (Ibid)
pp. 11-125.
11. ASTM A 276-67 Stninless and Heat Resisting Bars and
Shapes, Book of Standards American Society for Testing
Matcrinis , Part 3, pp. 235-241 (1970).
12. ASTM A 296-68 Corrosion Resistant Iron-Chro mium,
Iron-Chro mium-Nic kel and Nickel Base Castings,
Book of Standards AmerlcWl Society for Testing
Materials , Part 2, pp. 157-163 (1970).
13. ASTM A 314-63 Stniniess and Heat- Resistant Steel
Billets Wld Bars for Reforging , Book of Standards
American tioclety for Testing Materials , Part 3, pp.
310-313 \.1970).
14. ASTM !, 351-69 Ferrite and Austenitic Steel Castings
for !Ugh Temperat ure Service, Book of Standards
American Society for Testing Materials , Part 2, pp.181-
187 (1970).
15. AMS 5349 (July 15, 1963).
16. American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainles s and Heat
~24~----+-----~~_,~~--~ Resisting Steels," Steel Products Manual p. 38 (June
1957).
0
0 17. AMS 5505A Sheet, Strip, and Plate 12Cr Ferrite
....
0
Controlled (Novembe r 1, 1968).
18. AMS 5609 Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 12.5Cr Ferrite
Controlled (January 31, 1964).
e DYNAMIC (47) 19. AMS 5611 Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 12Cr Ferrite
0 STATIC (46) Controlle d (May 1, 1970).
20. AMS 5612A Bars, Forgings, Wtd Tubing 12Cr Ferrite
Controlle d (Novembe r 1, 1968).
400 800 1200 1600 21. AMS 5614 Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock 12Cr-
TEMPER ATURE- F 0. 5Mo (June 15, 1952).
22. AMS 5655 Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock 12Cr-1 W
FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM
(January 15, 1959).
AND ELEVATE D TEMPERA TURES. 23. AMS 5821A Wire-Wel ding 12.5Cr (special grade)
(46, p. 17)(47) (January 15, 1963). ,_
CODE 1401
PAGE 14 0 1971, Balfour Stu! en, Inc.
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
rnnr 1.111"\1
AEVISEOt!:'ARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
:1
~CY
1. GENERAL 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice, Electric furnace alr melt.
This medium ca~bon variety of the martensttic 12 to 13 All types of vacuum melts are also available, as well as Fe
percent chLomlum steels has been used for many years by
the cutlery industry. More recently, it has been
vacuum degassed rnatedal.
Med c
considered for air weapon applications in form of sheet, Special Conslder.Ctions. See also Type 410.
strip, plate, bar and forgings, heat treated to '"r!ous
1.09
Stress corrosion may occur If the steel is e>q)osed at
13 Cr
1.091
strengths up to about Feu = 240 ksl. Like In many other 700 to BOO F. It should riot be used for heavily stressed
martensltic high alloy steels, its high iltrength is parts that will operate at sub-zero temperatures, 19, p. SO). TypE ,4 20
retained up to relatively high temperatures, Besides the
common grade, there also exist fre" machining varieties, 2, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
'):'ype 420 F. Th~ alloy Is also used in form of sand and
~-
centrifugal castings under the trade name, CA 40, 2.01 Thermal Properties , (5, 6-2-3.1).
2.011 Melting .range. 2650 to 27 50 F.
1.01 Commercial Designations. Wrought: Types 420, 420 F. 2.012 Phase chaitgcs. Thil.' alloy transforms from the
:. Cast: CA-40. austenitic to the ferrltlc condition, see Type 410,
2. 013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2, 013.
1.02 AlterllSte Designations. Type 420 stainless steels. 2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014.
2.015 Speciiic heat, Fig. 2. 015.
1.03 Specifications. Table I. 03.
2.02 Oher Physical Properties , (5, 6:2-3.1) .
TARI.F .m 2,021 Density. 0. 28 lb per cu ln. 7. 76 gr per cu em.
AMS Tvne Fonn IMntr~ 2.022 Electrical resistivity, 21,6 microhm in.
5506A 420 Sheet, strip, plate 2,023 Magnetic properties. The alloy ls ferromagnetic,
5621 420 Bar, forgings, forging stock jQQ-5763
56208 420 F Bar, forgings (free machining) 2,03 Chemical Properties
2. 031 Corros1on resistance
2. 0311 This steel, when heat treated to high strength, has a good
1.04 Composition. Table I. 04. corrosion resistance to atmospheres, fresh water, mild
acids and alkalies. Polishing the surface Increases its
corrosion resistance. Type 420 Is superior to Type 410.
TABLE 1 04 2. 03!2 Type 420 becomes susceptible to stress corrosion caused
~our"" AMS 1)(2 AMSI3) ACI 141 by lntergranular carbide precipitation when exposed to
Percent Percent Percent certain combinations oC temperan.are and time. sucl1 as
Min Max Min Max Min Max long time exposure at 700 to 800 F.
Carbon 0.30 9.40 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.40 2. 032 Oxidation Ieslstance is good up to 1200 F for continuous
Manganese - 1.00
1.00 - 1.25 -- 1.00 service, and up to 1400 F for Intermittent service. A
Silicon
!Phosphol"JS
-- 0,040 -- 1.00
0.040 -- 0.04
1. 50 light oxide coat forms and protects the surface from
further oxidation,
Sulfur
Chromium
- 14.00
12.00
0.030 -
12.00
0.030
14.00 11.5
0.04
14.0 2. 04
Nickel - 0.50 - o.so -- 1.0
Molybdenum
Selenium
-- 0.50
-
-
o.1s
0. 60"
o.3s
0.5
- Balance- 3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
ron Balance Balance
Or zirconium 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
.. Selenium may be absent, but In such case sulfur must be 0.15 to 0. 3, Oil AMS specified mechanical properties, Table a. 011.
0.35 .
1.05 Heat Treatment TARLE 3 011
I. 051 Full anneal. 1550 to !650 F, 1 hr per In thlclatess, furnace ource AS l A 3\12
cool to 1100 F, (4). Allov 'IVPe ~0
1.052 Sl!l>crltlcal anneal. 1300 to 1350 F, 3 hr minimum, air lliot:..n ~~ti Rar
cool. Condition Ann
I. 053 Austenltize. 1800 to 1850 F, air cool or oil quench, Ftu, max - ks1 100 -
depending on section size. Heavy sections should be
preheated at 1250 F, (4). AMS specify 1815 to 1835 F, 25
min minimum.
e (2 In), min-percent
< 0.030 in
5 0.030 in
12
iS
--
1.054 Temper. 400 to 1500 F, 3 hr minimum. Tempering Hardness,
between 600 F and 1000 F is not generally rec<mmended,
because of reduced ductility and corrosion res~ stance.
BHN, mnx - 241
CODE 1402
PAGE
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963
~ ~
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperawres
'-"
320
Fe 3.031 Short time tension properties Fe-(MEQ C)I3Cr
3.0311 Stress strain curves in tension at room and elevated tem-
Med c peratures for sheet tempered at 900 F. Fig. 3. 0311.
3.0312 Bfiect of exposure and test temperarure on tenslle
13 Cr 240
~I
3.0313 Effect of room aod elevated temperature oil tensile proper-
ties of.alloy, Fig. 3.0313. Fro
properties of sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0312.
TYPE 420 3.032
3.0321
Short time properties other than tension
Stress stru.ln curves 1n compression at room and 160 rt
elevated temperatures for sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig.
3. 0321.
3,0322 Bff'ect of expouure a~d test temperature on compressive
yield strength of sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0322. 80
3.0323 Bf!ect of exposure and test tempE'rawre on bearing
3.0324
propertleo of sheet rempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0323.
Bffect of exposure and test temperawre on shear strength
i=
3.0325
of sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0324. "'
Effect of eleoiated temperatures on Impact strength of bar.
Fig. 3. 0325.
3.0326 l!ffect of elevated temperature on hot hardness of alloy,
Fig. 3. 0326. 0
3. 0327 l!ffect of elevated temperature on hot hardness of alloy, 80
F!g. 3. 0327.
3.033 Smtic stress concentration effects ~
~ 40
3.04 Creep and Creep ~upwre Properties ~
~
a:.
F ~ t2 TYPE 420
~ 111
re o. 16 1----:l------,le.----1-r--1--t 00 ~
~
~ a:.
160 120
FIG. 2. 015 SPBCIFIC HBAT
F1Y
~\
,~~
(5, p. 6-2-3. 4) 0
eo o.06 IN
At::. 0.187 IN
8 A 1/2 HR. ) EXPOSURE
80
ot::.tooo rm.
~
e (2 IN)
... _.....-1
Pe-(Med C)-13Cr
0. 062 IN SHBBT
1800 F, 1/4 HR., OQ
l00~---+-~+~9~00~P~~3~HR.~--t
6t'll-----i
i2
80~---~+-~~+-~--~
NSION
0
0. 004 o. 008 0. 010
STRAIN - IN PER IN
0 400 800 1200 1600
PIG. 3. 0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES TEMP- F
IN TE!-I!fiON AT ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEM- FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF ROOM AND ELEVATED
PERATURES FOR SHEET TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROP-
TEMPERED AT 900 F
ERTIES OF ALLOY ( , p. )
(7. p.163) 9 81
CODE 14o~ I
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963
Iii
TYPE 420 1-.11...=-+----+--+---+ --\+-l 320 ~
....m
160
0
o. 004 0. 008 0. 010
STRAIN - IN PBR IN
FIG. 3. 0321 STRESS STRAIN CURVES
IN COMPRESSION AT ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEMPER-
ATURES FOR SHEET TEM-
PERED AT 900 F
(7, p.166)
SOL-----~--~~--~~-----~~~
0 600 800
TBMP-F
FIG. 3. 0323 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON
BEARING PROPERTIES OF SHEET TEMPERED AT 900 F
. (7, p. 184-187)
200
Fe-(Med C)-13Cr
lo. 062 IN SHBBT Fe(Med C)-13Cr
Pcv
1800 F, 15 MIN, OQ 160 '0.187 IN SHBBT
1800 p. 15 MIN, OQ + 900 P)HR
......_
160
--- ---- --,- ----~
PTY
+900 P, 3HR
\
120
t--
~ 120
112
HR ) BXPOSURB I
Psu '\
0 1000 ~ R \ ~
80
\ 80
1/2 HR } EXPClsURB \
0 IOOOrR
)
1 (>
0 200 400 60Q 800 1000
0 200 400. 600 800 1000 TBMP-P
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0324 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPER-
FIG. 3. 0322 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERA'iURE ATURE ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF SHEET
ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF SHEET TEMPERED AT 900 F
TEMPERED AT 900 F (7, p. ld0-181) (7, p. 182-183)
CODE 14021
r ~lVI
200
Fe-(Med C)l3Cr Fe
OliN Dl:A BAR I Med C
I 160
13 Cr
-v
!;: 40
0
400
.. !EROD
1400
80
TEMPERING TEMP - F
COMPRESSION
0
0 8 16 24 32
1000 KSI
J.Fe(Med C)-13Cr
HARDENED FROM 1850 F,_
FIG. 3.063 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN
5 COMPRESSION FOR SHEET AT ROOM
+DRAWN SO F, 1 HR
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
~ETBSTTEMP FOR SHEET TEMPERED AT 900 F
(7, p.l71!73)
1\
BHN
"'"
.. ~
}Ill
2UU 4JU 600 800 1000
TEMt'- F
56~----~-----r----~~----~F~e~-(~M~ed~C~)-~1~3C~r-,
.......
~ 481~~!S$~~',\~
~
REFERENCES
~ '~
3 AMS 5620 B, Uune 15, 1952)
4 Alloy Casting lnstitu;e, "Corrosion Resistant Type CA-40",
Data Sheet, Uune 1954)
~iiJ 32!~--~----~----4-----
e HARDENED 1850 F, }
~---+~-~~-; 5 North American Aviation, Inc., "Materials Property Manual
and SJmmary Report", Contract AF 33(600)-28469, (Oct. 30,
;!:: +DRAWNSOF, lHR !957)
~ ABOVE TBST TEMP (9) 6 American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainless and Heat Resis-
~ 241-- A 1900 F, OQ +DRAWN -+-----+----~ ting Steels", Steel Products Manual, Oune 1957)
1 HR AT TBST TEMP 7 Kattus, J. R., Preston, J. B., and Lessley, H. L., "Determin-
ation or Tensile, Compressive, Bearing and Shear Properties
1 IN ROUND BAR } (B)
TEMPERED or Sheet Steels at Elevated Temperatures", Southern Research
16~--~~~~~~~~--
u 200 400 600 800
~--~~~~
1000 1200
Institute, WADC TR 58365, ASTlA Document No. 206075,
(Nov. !958)
Universal-cyclops Steel Corporation, "Unlloy" (Uniloy 1435),
TEMP- F Data Sheets, (1958)
9 The Carpenter Steel Co . "Carpenter Stainless and Heat Resis-
FIG. 3.0327 EFFECT OF ELBVATBDTEMPBRATURB ON HOT HARD ting Steel~ - Selection. Description, Fabrication", Working
NESS OF ALLOY (8)(9, p. 81) Data, (1962)
CODE 1402
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
L 03 Specifications. Table 1. 03
TABLE2 013.
Temp -F Thermal Conductivity, Btu ft per :nr sq tt F;
RT 13.8
TABLE1.'03 IS. 8
lAMS I Form wurary
800
1200 16.3
COCE 1403
PAGE
~eM
3.021 Effect of tempering temperarure on tensile properties use with the metal arc process and 422 filler rods
Fe of sheet and bar, Fig. 3. 021. should be used with the Inert gas welding process.
3.022 B!fect of tempering temperarure on hardness and Be~use Crucible 4~2 is air hardening, It Is essential
12 Cr impact strength, Fig. 3. 022, to ~sc a preheat at 350 to 400 F. After welding tile
steel should be posthcated at 1200 to 1300 F, 8 hr and
I Mo 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures air cooled.
w 3, 031
3. 0311
Short time tension properties
E!fect of test temperature on tensile properties of bar 4.04 Heating and Heat Treating. See Type 410.
0.8 Ni and forgings, Fig. 3, 0311.
Tensile stress strain curves for sheet at room and 4.05 S~rface Treating. Sec Type 410.
0.25 v 3, 0312
elevated temperatures, Fig. 3. 0312.
3, 0313 Bilect o( exposure and test temperarure o.>n tensile
properties of sheet, Fig. 3. 0313,
TYPE 422 3.0314 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile
properties of sheet, Fig. 3. 0314.
3. 032 Short time properties other than tension
3. 0321 Stress strain curves in compression for sheet at room
Jnd elevated temperawres, Fig. 3, 0321.
3, 0322 Effect of exposure and test temperature on compressive
and tensile yield strengths of sheet, Fig. 3. 0322.
3, 0323 Bficct of exposure and test tcmperarure on bearing
properties of sheet, Fig. 3, 0323.
3, 0324 B!fect of exposure and test temperarure on shear
stren!,'lh of sheet, Fig. 3, 0324.
3, 033 Static stress concentration effects
3.0331 EfCcct of low and elevated temperature on impact prop;.:r-
tles of bar, Fig. 3. 0331.
3, 04 Creep and Creep Ruprure Properties
3. 041 Total strain and creep rupture curves for forgings at
1000 to !200 F, Fig. 3, 041.
3. 042 Creep rupture curves for bar at 1000 to 1200 F, Fig,
3. 042.
3. 043 Creep rupture curves for sheer. at 800 to 1200 F, F1g.
3. 043.
3.044 Creep rupture curves for sinooth ami notched bar at
1000 to 1200 F , Fig. 3, 044.
3, 045 Isochronous stress strain curves at 80J to 1200 F for
various tempers, Fig. 3. 045.
3.05 Fatigue Properties
3.051 Stress range dlligram for N!r at 900 and 1100 F,
Fig. 3, 051.
3. 06 Elastic Properties
3. 061 Modulus of clasudty ar. room and elevated r.cmpcrar.u cs,
Fig. 3. 061.
3. 062 Modulus of rigidity at room anu clc:ated temperatures,
Fig. 3.062.
3, 063 Poisson's ratio. 0. 23.
3. 064 Tangent modulus curves in compression for sheer. at
room and elevated temperatures, Fi;.;. 3. 064.
4. FABRICATION
CODE 1403
FeM
REVISE D MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~ .
\. .
.-/
ow ---/ ;;,------t--,--- I Mo
w
-~ - ----
/
( CARBIDE PREC PITATION 0.8 Ni
2....
........
-- - i -- ( .. ~[21\
-
~lll\;
0.25V
I I
CRITICAL. TI!MP Ac 1 1475 F
TYPE 422
i
Mo
40.: 25%
VlRTUAI..LY COMPL.81 E
---- -- 1--- --- ----
c I 10'~
I 10J 10o4
10
TIME SEC
==-- -:::-:= ~
a:
...
Ill
2S
"'6
re
--- ~
I
MBAN COBF LINEAR FROM RT TO TEMP
2S
THERMAL EXPANSION trlDICATE~
~
'()
I
9 5 I I
1
r.~~r-----t-----4-----~-----+~~~200
lliiU
0 200 400
TEMP- F
600 ~00 iOOO
2
u.
j:
11.160
120
40
~
Ill
~
leo 00
400 hOO
TSMPSRING TEMP F
CODE 1403
I ~IWI
Fe ~
c
60 160~~~~--~~--~~--~
Fe-l2Cr-1Mo-IWO. 8NI-0. 25V
~~
12 0. 062 IN SHEET RT
Cr 1900 F, IS MIN, OQ
Mo ~tS40 120 + 1000 F 2 HR
~"'
~0
w ~
0.8 Ni 8..: 20
40
0.25V
0 0
600 ffOO 1000 llOO 1400 0 0. 002 0. 004 o. 006 il. 0011
TEMPERING TEMP - F STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.022 EFFECT .OF TEMPERING TEMPERA'I1JRE
ON HARDNESS AND IMPACT STRENGTH FIG. 3.0.112 TENS!LE STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR
(3, p.3) SI.JEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATU~ES (6, p.l97)
o-
+
Fe-J2Cr-1Mo-JW-O. ~Nt-0. 25V
BAR, FORGINGS
1900TOi925F.1T02HR
240
1.
~'+TEMPER. 2 HR
- 200
F'ru
Jno i:j
~
.__ r---
---f---.
- ~
--- ~~'.., 120
200 ~ ffO
o-- ~ ~)
'X\..;
160 ......, 40
~
FTY ~.
~ 120
80 e
1- A
--- ---
BAR
0Q+800F } 3
OQ + 1200 F < >
- - - r- - -
~...... ?-...
--r-~~+----~160i:i
}< ~ ...~
40
80
0 OQ + 800 F 4 J
LI.OQ+l200F
FORGINGS
._OQ :l200 P 2x2 HR. (5)
... ~ ~~~~j_
...
0
r--.._--....;).. /_
~V i:i
40 '~:120 1-----1!----c;:::::::o.-o;:J.;--.,..,
~ - .....till
RA a.
~
0
Iii
~ 40
re e (21N)
.....;~~
0
0
.....,
~
200
e
400
~
600
Ia
CODE 1403
PAGE 4
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
120I---+---+---II---+-~r-t
e J(l MIN} EXPOSURE
0400 HR
&VENDOR 30 MIN
:gl---+ ---f---f ---f---1
~160 b-~-~------~----~----~~~~~
"'
11.
TUMP F
160
120
1ii 80
40
:,'TilAIN IN Plilt IN
at .----...---...--- ...---,---,
Pe-12Cr-1Mo1W-Q. 8Nl-O. 25V
Fe BAR, AUST 1900 P, 1 HR,
Fe-12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.8Nl-0 25
BAR
12 Cr OQ+THMPER
100 ~--+-------4---~1~9~00~F~.~~+~12~00~Pr.~2~H~R
Mo 80~--~------~----~~----~~~
I W
0.8 Ni
0.25V
TYPE 422 ~ 20
'
t:
0
A 1400 F, 2 HR
(RC 26) 10 ~~~~~~~L---~1~000~--~I~O.~OOO~~
0
.6. TIME -HR
20
v FIG.
3.0~2 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR
AT 1000 TO 1200 F (3)(4)(8, p. 40)
TEMP- P
,
......... ,
400
Fe-12Cr-1Mo-IW-O. 8NI-O. 25V
TEMPER
'1+800F, 2HR
I 0. 025 IN SHEET
1900 F, IS MIN, AC +TEMPER
i.."'(Q.
200 LI-+900F, IHR
e+IOOOF,1HR ~
"V + 1200 F, I HR 800 F
IOOr------.-------,----~~~~~~~ 100
900F
~
1-------+-------+
80 80
-.,.._. ~
~60 1000 p
-.r-.
40 40
20 ~
---1.01\',
- - 0. 5\1)
'l TOTAL
STRAIN
~ t-- 1200 F
RUPTURE
10 10
0.1 10 100 1000 10 100 1000 10,000
TIME- HR TIME -HR
FIG. 3.041 TOTAL STRAIN AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOH FIG. 3,043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR SHEET AT 800
FOROI!IXJS AT 1000 TO 1200 F (5, p. 62) TO 1200 F (3)
COCE _1403
PAGE 6
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
HO
... 0.
~~
--..,..
1900 F, 1/2 HR, O Q _
........_ +1200 F. 2 HR
33RC
~
~
12
I
Cr
Mo
bO ~ r--- ~ .. - ..... 40 w
0-
----o ~~ ........ --~
1000 F
0
z
!=:
0.8 Ni
0.25 v
40
.......... ~ 20
.. ~ ~
UOOF 1 HR = 2. 16xJOS
CYC TYPE 422
'c ~ < DIRECT LOAD
20 -~6%..
E~ ~~~~0.~ OSMOOTH
1200 F
, .........
o, !'-
0
0 20 40 60
MEAN STRESS KSI
80 100
~r<O.OOl
NOTCHED, K"-11
' 1100 F (7, p.S455)
10
8
100
-........... 1--..
'' .h
80
60 0
......... r-........
-......._ --c
-~ ~
40
RUPTU E
_j
--- 1100F ~
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME HR
FIG. 3,044 CREEP RUPI'URE CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCHED DAR AT
1000 TO 120<.1 F (2, p, ~~~)
E
40
0
0. 004 0.00~
~
c
Mo t-- r---..,
I w v; 28
E ..........
~
0.8 Ni "'
0
0
~TATIC
~
0.25V 24
TYPE422
0 (11)
(3)(8) ~
20
4 (6) ['-.
0 200 400 1>00 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
---
12
G
~ ~"...
...........
8
1'-
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
TABLE I 04
Alloy Casting inst. Haynes (I 0, p. 19)
Source AMS(2) AISI (12, p. 46)
191
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0.12 0.17 0.08 0.15 0.12 0.20 - 0.20 - 0.30 0.06 0.12
Chromiwn 15.5 17.0 15.0 17.0 14.5 17.0 15.0 17.0 18.0 22.0 15.0 17.0
Copper - - - - 0.50 - -
Man~,.rancsc 0.30 0.80 - 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 1.00
Molybdenum - - - - 0.50 - - - -
Nickel !.50 2.50 1.50 2.20 I. 50 2.50 1. 25 2.50 - 2.00 !.50 2. 25
Silicon 0.20 0.60 - 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00
Phosphorus - 0.040 - 0.040 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040
Sulfur - 0.030 - 0.040 0.040 - 0.030 0.040 - 0.030
Nitrogen - - n.oJ 0.12 - - - - -
Ca rhon +Nitrogen -
Balance
- - Balance0.2l Balance
- -
Balance
-
Balance &lance
Iron
I. L:; 1-!cat Treatment is overcome by the addition of nickel which tends to pro-
I. 051 Amlcal. FUif3rmcal is impract ic.al because of the Jon~~ mote austenite formation. Jlowcvcr, the composition
cooling time re<1uind. limits arc rather broad and signilicanr variations 111 re-
Semi-anneal for bars and forr.ings, JS(X) to J(lOO F, 30 min, sponse to heat treatment and mechanical properties can
air cool. Hchcat to 1250 F, 4 hr minimum, air cool, (7). he cxpccwd within the normal ranges of chcmifnry. If the
Scmi-annc.tl for Ci.tstinJ~S, 1450 F, minimum furnace cool chromium is hi~h and the nickel low the quenched steel
lo 1000 F, air cool, (9, p.l). may cont"'1in ferrite and not dL~clop full strength. lf the
I. 052 Normalilc for castings. chromiwn is low and the nickel high, rctainl'd austenite
AMS 5372 (sand cast) specifics 1800 to 1850 F, I hr per may be a problem and sub-cooling aftcrqucnchingwtll he
inch of Hl'Ction, 30 min millimum, air cool. required. ln tmch cases it is not rccommL~dt.od to woucr
AMS 5353 (invcslmcnt) specifics 1850 to 1900 F, I hr per quL-nch, rather than rcfrigcr.1tc, .1H cracking may be en-
iuch of HL'Clion, 30 min minimum, air cool and -90 F, I hr countered. Carbon contents on the high side tend to in-
minimum, (2). crease tensile Htrcngth but lower lhe corrosion rcsiRtance.
1.053 Stress relief. 1200 F, air cool, (3, p. 40). C;:u;tings arc available in mar'! than one range of c.1rbon
I. 054 Austcnilizc. IHOU to 1950 F, 15 lo 30 min. oil quench or contents. Stress relief or lcmpcrinJ.t in the range between
air cool depending on si ... c. Depending on composition il 700 to 1100 F is not rccommendt.od since cmhrittJcmcnt in
may be nL-cessary to follow qucn..::hing by slowly cooling to this range may he encountered, (17).
-90 F and holding 2 hr,sn as to minimize rcr.ained ausleJ,Hc, ).(J<JI llydrogcn emhr1ttlcmcnt may he a problem with this s1eel
(7, p. 53) (II, p. I). al high hardness and strength lcvelli. Susceptibility of
I. 0541 Preheat. For large partt~ or lhose already hardened pre- 0.06 inch diameter wire to t.mhrittlcment iiS a func1ion of
hear before austcnilhing. Ileal slowly fro;n 1000 to 1450 r~ pickling lime in 7 pcrcenl IICI, Fig. I. 091.
so..1k at 1450 F, I hr ami raise to :austcnltlzing tempcrarurc,
(7, p. 54). 2. I'IIYSICAL AND CIIEMICAL I'ROI'I!RTIES
1. (1542 Effccl of austcnilidng tcmpcnuure on the roN11 Lcmpcra-
2.01 111cnnal Propcr1ieti
ture tensile propcnies of s-quenched h.1r, Fig. 1.0~42.
2.011 Mcltingr~;~g;;:-TbO!t lo 2700 F, (4, p. 18).
1.055 Temper. To avoid emhril11ement do nnl temper in range
CODE 1404
reM
FERROUS ALLOYS REV! SED MARCH 1963
BHN
-- max
min
- -
229 229 229 255
- -
34
-
49**
- -
temperatures. Weld~ show grain growth which causes em-
brlttiement at room temperature. Carbon arc or oxyacety-
- max 277 285 277 311 - - lene methods should not be used since they cause carbon-
Test specimen pick-up and consequently reduce corrosion resistance "nd
Castings and test specimen ductility. For metal arc or inert gas arc welding 11lr.,e
coated type 431 electrodes may be used. In cases where
high weld stresses are expected 188 electrodes are re-
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature cc.mmended. Resistance welding Is readily accomplished,
Z 021 Typical mechanical properties for bar, wire, sand cas:- (9, p. 2) (11, p. 2).
ings and precision castings, Table 3. 021. 4.031 Preheating befCire fusion welding Is necessary, 300 to
400 F for wrought products and 600 to BOO F for castings.
TABLE 3 021 Stress relief after welding at 1200 F minimum Is essen-
Source 12, r.46 13 1(10, p, 20,21 tial. For Improved weld ductility a semi-anneal may be
Allov Fe-(0. 2C)-16Cr1Nl employed, (9, p. 2) (13, p. 2).
Sand
Form Bar Wire Prec cast Cast
cast 4. 04 Heating and Heat Treating. See 1.05.
Condition
Ann Soft Hardened
As cast
Ann Ann Ann
ficoem per LD HD 4. 05 Surface Treating
Thickness - in All 1 0.250 4.051 For scale removal pickle In a bath of 20 percent by weight
Ftu
Fty
--ksl
ksl
125 130
95 110
135
115
75 120 180 140
so 90 130 100 85
109 hydrochloric acid at 120 to 140 F or in hot sc.lution of
10 percent sulphuric acid and 6 to I2 percent rock salt by
e (21n) - percent 20 15 10 5 15 10 15 3 weight. Rinsing In a warm solution of 15 to 30 percent nl
RA -percent 55 35 so -20 15 30 I trlc acid by weight and wash in water, (13, 2). See 1.091.
Hardness
BHN
RC
260 270
24 26
-
29 - 26- 42- 30- 46,5
170 -
3.022 Eflcct of size on room temperature tensile properties of
bar, Fig. 3. 022.
3.023 Effect of tempering temperature on room temperature
tensile strength of bar, Fig. 3. 023.
3.024 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of
investment castinv~. Fig. 3. 024.
3.025 Effect of te."llpt-., '';!'f !'oruperaturc on room temperature
impact str~i:;-:~~t .:~ ~...~ ,., Fig. 3. 025.
CODE 1404
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~..-.
240
E'e-(0. 2C)-16Cr-2NI 10 Fe(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni Fe
~AR t:. 0.2 c
/ a:
200 !e 8 16 Cr
~~
u; t: MEAN COEF LINEAR
2 Ni
::.:
160
v
FTY
a:
IE
t: 6
THERMAL EXPANS/
~ v 431
~ '9~
FROM RT TO TEMP
120 4
I INDICATED
80 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
...
!z
~40
a:
Ill
"'
RA
e
- FIG. 2.014
TEMP F
THERMAL EXPANSION (4, p.IS)
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
AUSTBNITIZING TEMP - E'
FIG. 1.0542 EFFECT OF AUSTENITIZING TEMP-
ERATURE ON TJ-IE ROOM TEMPERATURE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ASQUENCHED
BAR
(15)
Ill
~ 60 Fe-(0. ZC)-!'6Cr-2NI
1;l
u
:--- f-._
\\
INVEST CAST
HARDEN 1825 F, I HR, RAC
400 800 1200 !bOO
TEMPERING TEMP - F 280
FIG. 1.062 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA
TURE ON HARDNESS OF INVEST-
MEN! CASTINGS (IO, p. 21 )
300
- Fc-(0. 2C)-!6Cr-2Ni
~ !'( ~
OANN ~ tOI---4---~.....:......:.....:....+--~-~
A HARDEN
~HARDEN +CW
"
~ e AS TEMPERED
0 A 1/2 HR EXPOSURE 700 F
0 20 40 60
O 400 HR EXPOSUR 70n F
PICKLING TIME- MIN (AT I 50 F)
2. 5 3. 0 3. 5 4. 0 4. 5
FIG. 1.091 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF 0.0~ IN UAR DIAMETER IN
DIAMETER WIRE TO EMIIRIT-
TLEMENT AS A E'UNCTION OF FIG. :1.022 EFFECT OF SIZE ON ROOM 'oEMPER
PICKLING TIME IN 7% HCi AT!JRE TENSILE PROPERTH;S OF BAR
(14, p.429) (16)
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS, REVISED MARCH 1963
Fe Fe-(0. 2C)-16Cr-2NI.
11NBAR 240
0.2 c
16 Cr
2 Ni 'c ....-< 200 200t---l--
u
' ~
431
... FTU
200 I
160
~~ 120
r<
~
~
~
PTY
~
120 - 80
::
0
80
~~
e (1S), 1800 F, (lQ
0 (12)}
6 (H) 1900 F, 0Q
40
80
.-.::.
,... RA
~ ~~
..- TEMPERING TEMP - F
e (2 IN) FIG. 3.024 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA-
0 TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
0 400 800 1200 1600 INVESTMENT CASTINGS
TEMPERING TEMP - F (10, p.19, 21)
FIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF TEMPERL~G TEMPERA-
TURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE TEN-
SILE STRENGTH OF EAR
(12, p.19)(14, p.414) (1S)
!00
Fe-{0. ~C)-16Cr-2NI
1800 F, 0Q
+TBMl'ER
~~t---,_---r-~~---;
..:I
IEIZODV
t:
0
o~-~400~--~800~-~1200~--~~~600
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.025 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT
STRENGTii OF EAR
(1S)
CODF. 14041
FeM
REVISEDMARCHI963 FERROUS ALLOYS
. '
'\..,,}
r-----~----~-----r-----,200 REFERENCES
Fe-(0. 2C)-16Cr-2Nl Fe
5/8 IN SQ BAR I
1800 F, 30 MIN, 0Q
Dieter, G. E., "Effect of Microstructure and Heat Treat-
ment on the Mechanical Propenles of AJSI Type 431 Stain- 0.2 c
less Steel", ASM Trans. Vo!. 50, Preprlnt No. 18, (Nov. 16 Cr
10, 1957)
2 AMS 5628 B, (1953); AMS 5353, (1957); AMS 5372, (1955) 2 Ni
3 Mishler, H. w., Monroe, R. E. and Rleppel, P. J.,
"Welding or High-Strength Steels for Aircraft and Missile
Applications", DMIC Rep. 118, (Oct. 12, 1959) 431
4 'So:ne Physical Propenles of Mnrtensltlc Stainless Steels",
DMIC Memo 68, (Sept. 28, 1960)
7 Florentino, R. J., Roach, D. B. and Hall, A. M., "Heat
Treatment or HlghStrength Steels for Airframe Applica-
tions", DMIC Rep. 119, (Nov. 27, 1959)
8 Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp., "J & L Type 431, Stain-
less Steel", Oats Sheet DS-458-8,(July 1958)
9 Alloy Casting Institute, Corrosion Resistance Type CB-30;
Data Sheet 454-75CI, (June 1954)
10 Haynes Stelllte.Co., "Haynes lnvestmentCast Steels",
(April 1958)
11 Crucible Steel Co., "Crucible 431 Stainless Steel", Data
o-- NORMAL NITROGEN Sheet OS 163-5M-11/60, Issue # 4 and "ReziStsl 431 Stain-
e - lllGH N!TROGEN(0.063%) less Steel", Data Sheet OS 163-10M-2/57, Issue Date Aug.
1947, llevlslon # 3, (Sept, 1954)
12 "Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels", Steel Products
Manual, AISI (June 1957)
80 13 Alloy Digest, "AJSI Type 431", FUing Code SS-88, (May,
RA
1959)
!i
Ill 14 ASM Metals Handboolc, Vol. 1, 8th Edition, "Properties
u and Selection or Metals", (1961)
..: 40
Ill 15 Allegheny Ludliun, "Blue Sheet for Allegheny Metal 12-2,
"" e (2 IN) 16-1, Stainless Steel"
16 Republic Aviation, "Compilation of Unpublished Materials
Information", First Quarterly Rep. No. RAC 767-251(357),
0 (July 14, 1961)
0 400 1600
17 Brown, W. F., ]r., Personal Communication, (Oct. 2,
TEMP F
1961)
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(13)
20
~
1100 F
10
8
6
1200 F
foo~----~,~ooo~----~1o~.~ooo~--~~
TIME HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES
AT 900 TO 1200 F
(13)
t- e lVI
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
-- --
Silicon 1. 00 1.00 - 1.00 1.00
Phosphorus
-
0.040 0.040 -- 0,040 - 0.040 2.03 Chern leal Properties
eulfur
hromlum
0.030 - 0.030
16.00 8.00 16.00 8.00 16.00 18.00
0.030 0.05 0.15
16.00 18.00
2, 031 Corrosion resistance of these steels is slmUar to that of
Type 410. It Is best in the fully hardened condition with
Nickel - 0. 75 -- - - o. 75 - 0.75 a polished surface,
-- -
Molybdenum o. 75 o. 75 o. 35(a) o. 75(8) 0.40 0.60 2.032 Oxidation resistance Is good up to i400 F for continuous
Copper
Iron Balance
-
Balance
- -
&lance
- - 0.50
Balance
service and up to 1500 F for intermittent service.
3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
1.05 !ieat Trcaonent , (5, p. 47).
1. 051 Full 3JU1eal 3. 01 Specified Mechanical Properties
1.0511 Blr, wire and forgings. 1550 to 1650 F, furnace cool, 3.011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3, 011. See
1.0512 Precision investment castings, 1625 to 167 5 F, 1 lu:, also!. 06.
minimum, furnace cool at 25 F per hr maximum to 1200 F
maximum. TABLB 3 011
l.U5~ Subcritlcal anneal. 1250 to 1450 F. Source AMS(.l) AMS (2) AMS (4) AMSfl)
1,053 Spheroldlzlng anneal for best machinability of precision
Investment castings, 1875 F, I hr, air cool; 1350 F,
32 hr.
Alloy
Type
440 A I Type
440C I Type
440F
Type
440C
Prec. Invest
1,054 Stress relief after forging Type 440 C. 12u0 F. !Form Bar Castings
1.055 Austenltlze. 1850 to 1950 F, rapid air cool or all quench. ~ondltlon Machinable Ann
Heavy s~ctions of Type 440 A should be preheated at
1200 F. Types 440 B and 440 C should be preheated' at ~ardness
1.056
1450 to 1500 F.
Temper, 300 to 800 F, prcferabl) 400 to 500 F. EUcct
of tempering temperature on hardness, Fig. I. 056.
BHN, max
RC, max
241
- I 255
- I 286
- -
30
CODE 1405
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
TABLE 3 021
Fe (5, 11. 19, 47-49)(7, p. 86, 88, 911).
Source
Tv1le 440 A Tvoe 440 8 Tvoe 440 c
Ulov
High C !Form Bar Wire Bar Wire Bar Wire
Soft Ann+ Soft
17 Cr Ann+ Soft Ann+
CD Temp Ann empe Ann CD Temp Ann Tempe
Condition Ann CD Temp Ann Tempe Ann
0.5 Mo 1 0 250 All 1 0 25 All I o. 250
IThlckness-ln All
120 280 107 115 110 125 285 110 125
Ftu -Jcsl 105 115 260 105 115 107
62 95 270 62 90 65 100 275 65 100
60 90 240 60 85
TYPE44 0A, F -Jcsl
7 2 13 6
BAND C
Cz
e In) -percent 20 12
20
5
20
18
55
10
35
18
35
9
20
3
15
16
40
8
25
14
25 20 10 30 20
RA -percent 45
Hardness
-- -- 220 250 - 555 -- - 230 260 580 -- -
BHN
RC
215
-95
240
-
510
51 -96 23
- -
- 55 24
- -
57 24
-
RB 99 - 95 99 96 99 97 97
1900 F, OQ + 600 F
4. F ABRICATlON
~~
~ Ia.. =
Surface Treating. .A
4.05
4.051 Pickling Is performed as follows. .... ~ ~
4,0511 8 to 12 percent H2so 4 at 150 to 170 F.
6 to 10 per~ent HCI + 10 percent H2 so4 at 130 to 140 F.
r:::--.. r\
\
\
4. 0512
4, 0513 10 percent HN03 +2 percent HF at 120 to 130 F.
4.052 The material should be aMealed or stress relieved to
prevent cmcklng on pickling (Timken, 1959).
Cleaning by sand blasting or mechanical scale braking of
\
4,053 eTYPE 440 A
heavy scale Is recommende d prior to pickling to avoid
Q'IYPE 440 B
localized overpickllng .
& TYPE 4!40 C
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TBMPBRING TEMP - F
REFEREN CES
~- t--
0
r--- I
2
AMS 5352 A, (Dec. I, 1953)
AMS 5630 C, (Dec. 1, 1953)
"'
3 AMS 563i, (Nov. I, 1952)
p.. 4 AMS 5632 !', Uuly I, 1957)
0
1200
5 American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainles s and Heat
!050 1100 1150
1000 Resisting Steels", Steel Products Manual, Uune, 1957)
TEMP F Universa l-Cyclops Steel Corp., "S1ainlcss Stech, Tool
)
Steels, Specialty Steels", Data Sheet 2M7'51, (Dcc.l951
FIG. !.062 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPER ATURE
ON 7 The Carpente r Steel Co., "Carpent er Stainless and Hent
ROOM TEMPER ATURE HARDNESS Resisting Steels - Selection , Descripti on, Fabrication",
(7, p.9G: Working Data, (1962)
CODE 1~05
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
......,
L GENERAL TAB_LE 2.022 Fe
This martensltic steel is a development of the 12 percent Source (2, p. 7)(3, p. A-22)
chro!"lum stainless steels, Types 410 and 420. It has the Tempering Resistivity 12 Cr
corrosion resistance of these steels, combined with a Temp- F Microhm -In
strength of about 240 ksl up to 600 F and It retains a high
700 24.4 Mo
strength up to 900 F. 1t Is available primarily In the form 24.0
of sheet and plate. Its fabrication Is similar to that of
800
900 23..7
0.65 Ni
Type 420.
0.3 v
TABLE 2 023
1.01 Commercial Designation. USS-12MoV.
Source _l2 .Jl.. 7}(3 __11, A-221
Tempering Temp - F
1.02 Alternate Designations. None.
Magnetic
Permeability 1oo 1 8oo .I 9oo uss-
1.03
1. 04
Specifications. None.
CODE 1406
PAGE
reM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
TABLE 3. OSI
Fe l~nure" (3, o.A-18 to 21
IFctrm n n~n In sh""'
12 Cr ~ondition 1850 F IS min AC +_Temner 4 hr
I Mo Tempeiin! Test Method Stress Stress Fatigue Strength-lest
Temp !Temp Ratll!_ Concen- at Cycles
0.65 Ni F F A R tration 105 106 107 Sxi!Y
0.3 v 700
900
700 Direct 0. 9 to. OS2 Smooth
RT Stress 0.9 10- OS2 K a I
16S ISO 133 122
16S 1S3 143 (13S)
900 0. 9 lo- OS2
0. 3 lo- 54
-
-
140 116 100
uss - 3.06
900
Blastic Properties
230 15S (102)
200 t ,...
~
' 160
~~ ~ TY
i=: '~
"' Fe-12 Cr-1 Mo-0.6S Ni-0.3 V
.--
120
TESTED AT RT 280 I 0.100 IN SHEET
18SO F, 1S MIN, AC
~ 20 +TEMPER, 4 HR
e (21N)
~til "'
h 0.
L.>
.l.l
-
.k..
240
1::_ ..... ,_ ...._
O.Q
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-r~ ...-~
Fru
....... to- .._.
.......
TEMPERING TEMPF
"
-
200
FIG. 1. OS2 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA11JRE ON TEMPER
;;; \
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET (2, p. 8)(4) :..: +700 F
--A + 800 F
Fe-!2Cr!Mo- 0.6SNlJ.lV 160 _. ---Y + 900 F
200
~ ..._~- ..... ~-
t8SO F, IS MIN, AC
.R
FTY
+900 F, 4 HR
7 -
v
,~
l!'f'EAN COEF LINEAR
THERMAL EXPANSION !:;. 20
160
-'
6
s
FROM R TO TEM1
INDICATF
..........
a:
()
a:
tll
... 0
0
-...
400200
II ..a
..
e (21N)
_L
~
CODE 14061
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
\._
Fe-12Cr"!Mo -0. 65NI-O. 3V
Fe-12Cr-1M o-0. 65NIO. 3V
0. 100 IN SHEET
Fe
0. 100 IN SHEET
1850 F, 15 MIN, AC +TEMPER, 4 HR 1850 F, 15 MIN, tC+TEM~R, 4 HR 12. Cr
200
~ ..., ' I Mo
TEMfER ~ 0.65 Ni
160 700 F
0.3 v
240 Fey
eL
OT
e:- uss-
In
:.:
200
160
......
800 F
- 'i,.__~'l 12 MoV
80 240
'
T
~
200
'V "' NN
i2 160
900 F
I h
0 0 400
200 600 800 1000
TEMP-F
FIG. 3. 0322 'EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF
HEAT TREATED SHEET
(2, p.ll, 12)
80
L
40
~
200
00
160
u; C r< 0.001
:.: I
NOTCH STRENGTH
120
80
1200
CODE 14061
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
I
Pe-12Cr-!Mo-0. 65Nl-O. :lv
0. 050 TO 0. 100 IN SHEET
TBSTJMP
700 p 1850 F, 15 MIN, AC +TEMPER, 4 HR
~--
......... ~
...... ......... ... _ -..........:: 800 F
RUPI'URB
-~o
......
'
TBMPER ' , 900F
'""=- 800~r
--- 900P
9
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TBMP -F
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR PIG. 3. 062 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
ELBVATBD TEMPERATURES (2, p. 7)
PIG. 3. 041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FO<. HEAT TREATED SHEET
AT 700 'lU 900 F (2, p. 15, 16)
0.4
Fel2Cr-lMo-O. 65Ni-O. 3V
1850 F, 15 MIN, AC
+900 F, 4 HR
..........._
v
0.4
/
........
POISSON"S RATIO
0.3
0.3
/ ----
uu 4:JU 0 BOO 1
TEMP- F
30 1----+--
REFERENCES
CODE 14061
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
CODE 1407
PAGE
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
2.0221 Electrical resistivity, Table 2.0221. 3.0214 Room temperature tensile properties of annealed bsr,
Fe Table 3.0214.
TABLE 2.0221
13 Cr Electrical ResisUvtty
TABLE 3 0214
1 :>ouree 5
3 w TemperlnJt Temp - F
700
Microhm-In
24.3
Allov
Form
Pel3Cr3W'""
Bar
2 Ni 800 23.9 r c-..,n.~,ii~ ~nn
900 23.7
Ftu mlnL:si 75
2.023 Magnetic properties maxksi 110
GREEK 1be alloy Is ferroma!:";:r1c. Magnetic penneabUity, Table
Fry, minksi 40
ASCOLOY 2.023. maxksi
e(2in), minpercen
BO
20
TABLE 2 023 max-percent 25 '
Hardness,
Magnetic l'ermeabUi<y minRB BO
Temoorin2 Temo P at 100 oersteds maximum mAYRR 95
700 85 85
800 75 92 3.022 Compression
900 93 100 3,0221 Stress-strain d!sgrams
3.0222 Effect of tempering temperature on compressive yield
2.024 Emissivity strength, Table 3. 0222.
2.025 O.mplng capacity
TABLE 3 0222
2.03 Cbemical PrORmi1 (8
Source
2.013 Corrosion resistance al this s<ee1 In tile beat treated
conditions is slmllar to tbat of Type 410, Heating at
temperatures between 700F and 1000P reduces corrosion
resistanca.
Tempering
Temp P
Fey, <ypksi
700
!95
II 800
207
I 900
216
2.032 Oxidation resistance Is good for CGI1dnuous service up
to HOOP and for lntennlttent service up to 1300P. 3.023 Impact. See also Pig. 3. 0212.
2,033 Although the alloy is limited to operations of not much 3,0231 Effect of tempering temperature on typical room tempera-
over 1000P, It shows excellent resistsnce to oxidation ture Impact strength of alloy, Pig. 3. 023i.
up to 1500P and h!gb resistance to oxidizing ac!da such 3.024 Bending
as nitric acid, but does not resist dilute rec!ncl:tg ac:J.ds 3,025 Torsion and shear
which Is a characteristic of tbe chromlumnlckel types 3.026 Bearing
of stl!nless stt:-ela. It has superior resistance to sulfur 3.027 Stress concentration
gases up t!l its mtXJ.mum service temperature., (9). 3.0271 Notch properties
3.0272 Fracture tougbDCss
2.04 3,028 Combined properties
CODE 1407
PAGE 2
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
3.06 Blutic Pn>pertfes temperawre ol 120 to 140F, or .In a bot solutlou COiuailnli'Bf---:=--l
3.061 l'olsaou 1a rado about 101\i ol sulfuric acld and 6 to 12\f, of roclc salt by Fe
3.062 Mcxkllus ol elssticlty, Table 3.062. wclght. Mrm: pickling, r.lnae thoroughly and dip .In a
warm aoludoo ol 15 to 30% nlttlc acid by weight, and 13 Cr
wash ID water, (9).
S?arce
TABLE3 062
3 w
Temo- F Modulus of lllasticltv. E- ksl
RT 29,000
2 Ni
1000 21,500
17,000
1100
GREEK
Ill
ASCOLOY
4. FABRICATION ~ FellCr3W2Ni
<
u Al'ST 75!lF ()(lOR AC'
480
4.01 FttmabWty "'2:
4.011
4.012
General. Formlog ol anoealed sheet requires cooslderably
greater forces and more frequeo< ln:ermediDte anoeals
tbso those used for Type 410.
PorgiDg. Preheat to 1450F. Starting temperature 2200F
i5
~ 400
\
maximum, flnlsbiDg temperature 1700F minimum. A
short soaklog dme before forgiDg Ia recommended, (9),
The alloy tellds to crack below 1700F. Heavy secdoos
Q
D:
<
:z:
..J 320
\ BHN
CODE 1407
PAGE 3
I ~lll'l
Fe-13 r3W-2NI
Fe Fe-13Cr- 3W- Nl
13 Cr
3 w 200
2 Ni u;
:.:
GREEK 160
ASCOLOY
120
80
~
0 40
..."'
tQ
100
0
100
80
80
~
'z"" 40
t
' 40 "'tJ
..."'"'
0
0
400 900 1000 1100 1200
1400
TEMPERI NG TEMP- P TEMPERI NG TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0213 EFFECT OF TEMPERI NG TEMPER A-
FIG. 3,0212 BPPBCT OP TEMPBRI~~X; TEMPER ATURE TURE ON TYPICAL ROOM TEMPER A-
ON
MI!CHANICAL PROPBRT IIlS OF BAR, FORGINGS TURE TENSILE PROPERT IES OF
ANDTUB ING (3)(4XSX 7, p.Ja) ALLOY (9)
70
FeI3Cr-3 W2NI
60
so
"'
,.J
"''"" 40
30
CODE 1407
PAGE 4
FERROUS ALLOYS
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1966
120 80
Fe-13Cr-3W-2NI
Fe
80
r---. 1750F, 30 MIN, 0Q
~ 1200F, 2 HR; AC
60
13 Cr
w
~
FTU "'
.:I 3
!-< 2 Ni
_
IL IE !ZOO
40 40
80 r-- ....
RA
- 1750F, OQ; 16 PT- 8,47 RC
50 TO 90 FT-LB
GREEK
ASCOLOY
e(2 IN) 20
900 1100 1200 1300
0
900 1000 1100 1200 TEMPERING TEMP - P
10 ~------~-----+~----~
8
6
100 1000 10.000
Tilo.m- HR
Pe-13Cr-3W-2Nl
BAR
200 ~------+---~~~R~2~HR~~A~C~~10~50~2~~HR;
20 ~
:::>
r; "-'""
0..: 0 100
~- 80
"-'""
0 60
20
~u
a:
~ OL-----~~--~~----~----
0 200 400 t,CC 8GG ~~--~~--~
1000 1200 10
TEMP- F 0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR
FIG. 3. 0313 EFFECT OF ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTIJRE CURVES AT 600F
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR. FORGINGS AND TUBING TO !200F FOR BAR (6)(7.p.38)
(3)(4)(5)(7, p. 38)
CODE 1407
PAGE !5
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
FeI3Cr 3W-2N i
80 -- . . ..... .1 SHEET
' ~ ~~&F~O MIN, OQ
60 -~-:~ 4HR, AC
.. ~!RC=28 I
40 : .... : . . . ~
--~
i 1050F~
~~~+
'
I
20
10 1200F
6
10 iOO 1000
'TIME HR
FIG. 3.044 CREEP RUPTURE PROPERTIES FOR NOTCHI!D REFERENCES
AND UNNOTCHI!D SHEET AT 1050F and 12001'
FOR TWO DIFFER ENT HEATS 1 AMS 5354 A, (Jan. 15, !959)
(9) 2 AMS 5508 A, (Jan. 31, !964)
3 AMS 5616 0, (Jan. 15, 1963)
HF.AT 4 Univers al-Cyclo ps Steel Corpora tion. "High Temper
S-509 S-771 ature
Metals" , (1958)
AI 0.12 0.18 5 Allegheuy Ludlum Steel Corpora tion. "Allegh eny
c 0.15 0.15 Stainles s Steels", Alleghe ny Blue Sheet, (1957)
Metal
Cr 13.21 13.35 6 Sessler , J.G. and Brown, W.F., Jr., "Notch and
Cu 0.18 0.14 Smooth
Mn Bar Stress-R upture Charact eristics ol Several Heat
0.31 0.37 Resistan t Alloys lo the Temper ature RaDI!e Between
Mo 0.14 0.23 and IOOOF", Proceed ings, ASTM, Vol. 56, (1956), 600
Ni 2.04 1.93 p. 738
7 The Carpent er Steel Co., "Carpen ter High Temper
s O.OIS 0.012 Alloys" , (Jan. 1962)
ature
Si 0.14 0.25 8 Bell Aircraft Corpora tion. (1959)
Sn 0.012 0.018
p 9 Alloy Digest, FU~ Code: SS-78, "Greek Ascoloy
0.026 0.027 ," (Sept.
w 1958)
3.20 2.88 !0 AMS 5817, Qan. IS, 1961)
CODE 1407
PAGE 6
FeM
MARCHI965 FERROUS ALLOYS
1.04 Composltioo
2.034 Alloy exblblts good reslstauce to stress corrosion crack-
Table 1.04.
ing. Tests oo two heats stressed almoat to Fty showed
complete resistance to stress corrosion cracking after
TABLE 1 04 ISS days exposure to 5\t neutral aalt spray, (1).
Source s
Percent 2. 04 N.aclear Properties
Min Max
Carbon
Chromium
-
11.00
o.os
12.00
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Manganese
Nickel
-
4.00
0.30
s.oo
3.01 Specified Mecbsnlcal Properties
Silicon
Titanium
-
0.30
O.!S
0.60
3.02
3.021
Mecbsnical Properties at Room Temperature
Tensioa
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams
Iron Balance
3.02111 Stress-strain curve at room temperature for strip,
Pig. 3.02111.
!.OS Hest Treatment 3.0212 Room trmperature tensile properties of sheet in various
l.OSl All necessary heat treating Is done In the mUI. For a condlllons, TAble 3. 0212.
majority of appllcatlt"..s subsequent heat treating Is
not required, (1)(2). TABLB3 0212
1.052 Solutlootemperature. 1600F, (1). Source ts (1)
l.OS3
l.OS4
Annealing temperature range. 1500 to 1700F, (1).
Age at 900 to 9SOF for 2 to 8 bours. Aging will not
AllOY
Form
F..tO 04C
.,.,_
.5r.r~.3Tl
increase the tensile strength but will increase the yield Ann Ann+age MUiann
stre'!l!'ll slightly to Its maximum value, (2).
Condition
AsHR 1600~ IOSOF SMln
IA.:,;a~ehr I. T
ftu -ksi 138 124 123 124 123 125
1. 06 Hardness F,r -ksl 131 lOS 117 118 106.5 112
1.061 ;;;;;;;;-temperature BDd at SOF tbe hardness Is 26 RC. e( ln}-percent 11.0 8.0 11.0 u.s 12.S u.s
CODE 1409
PAGE
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
3 .033 Impact :
Fe f'l .0331 Bftect of test temperature on Impact energy of bar, "'-~)
Flg. 3,0331,
0040
~3.035
.034 Bendil4f "'
Torsion and shear m6
11.5 Cr .036 Bearing i!!i
3 .037 Stress concentration 0::
4 Ni 3 .0371 Notch properties ll!
3 .03711 Bftect of test temperature 011 notch strength of strip,
0.3 Ti Flg. 3.03711.
i!!i
3.0372 'I' FROMRTTO T
3.038
Fracture toughness
C0111blned properties
s lNOICATBD
AM-363
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 4
0 200 400 600 800 1000"
3.05 Fatigue Properties TEMPF
3.051 5-N curves for smootb and notched specimens In tension,
Flg. 3.051. FIG. 2.014 TilERMAL EXPANSION (5)
3.062
Lcmgltudlnal 0. 320,
Transverse 0. 330, (I).
Mcxlulus of elasticity 100
STRIP
~
I
Lcmgltudlnal 27.9 x !o3 kat,
Transverse 27. 5 x 1o3 ksl, (1).
3.063 Mcxlulus of rlgldlty
Longitudinal 10. 6 X 1oJ ksl, 80
Transverse 10. 3 x 1oJ kal, (I).
4.
4.01
4.011
FABRICATION
Formsblllty
C.n be formed by all conventional metbcxls. The alloy
!il
~
60 1/
4.012
ha very ,gocxl deep drawing chsracterlstl ce but Ia
o::iiy limited In stretching operations, (3).
The alloy can be bent In tbe transverse direction 135 40
)_
around a pin whose radius Is 1.0 to 1.5 times tbe
thickness o! tbe sheet, (I).
_/
4.02
4.021
4.03
4.031
Machining and Grinding
Alloy was tested wltb 1/4 Inch M-1 drill using Gulf
cutting oil 43A wltb a constant feed of 0. 005 In per
revolution giving a tool speed for coaatant wear o! 135
sfpm, (1).
Weldin&
20
v 0.002 0.004
STRAIN IN PER IN
0.006
TENSION
0.008
CODE 1409
PAGE 2
rem
MARCHI965 FERROUS "ALLOYS
r:.,,
,.,
., 200
Fe(O. 04C)-ll. 5Cr4NIO. 3Ti
3/4 INDIA BAR
140
Ia-
Fe(O. 04C)ll. 5Cr4NI-0. 3Ti
0. 062 1N STRIP
Fe
MILL ANN Q.04 c
160
eL
OT
I20
"""' ~ !A
~
.. 11.5 Cr
4 Ni
.. 120 100
..... 0.3 Tl
..:I
f..
"' ao lil
:.:
ao 1\ 0
~
AM-363
60 I\ 0..
TENSION FATIGUE
"'A'' RATIO \
m~OOili ~
40
100
TEMP- F NOTCH liD It-
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TES"f.TEMPERA1URE ~E3,5
20
ON IMPACT ENERGY OF BAR (I)
to3 loS !o6
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG, 3.051 SN CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCHI!D
SPECIMENS IN TENSION (4)
16
0r----.:)-""T'"---r:F~e(:::O~.0~4-:::C):r--:-:11:-.5::-:C::-r--T.NI':"-::0~.3:::T::-11
0.060 1N STRIP
ANN+AGE
140~~~~~~-+----_,------f=C~K:LIID~
L
T
0
- . ......._
REFERENCES
CODE 14(19
PAGE 3
FeAH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Silicon
Chromium 15.50
-1.00
17.50 15.50 17.50
-
1.00 0.50
15.5
1.0
16.7
2.01
2.011
Thermal Properties
Melting range. 2560 to 2625 F.
Nickel 3.00 5.00 3.00 5.00 3.6 4.6 2.012 Phase <.hanges. Thls alloy Is austenltic;at elevated
Copper 3.00 5.00 3.00 5.00 2.5 3.2 rr.nperatures but transforms to martensite on cooling.
Ms point on cooling from 1900 F Is 300 F approximately
Columbium+
Tantalum
0.15 0.45 -
0.45 0.10 0.35 and the martensite Is practically complP.tely transformed
Nitrogen
Iron
-
Ba ance
- IJalance
- - - 0.05
IJalance
below 90 F. Aging causes precipitation of 'lntexmetallic
compounds which further harden the low carbon
martensite.
2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2, 013,
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2, 014.
2.015 Specific heat. Condition H 900, 0, 11 Btu per lb F.
1.05 Heat Treatment 2.016 Bffect of aging temperature on dimensional changes of
solution treated bar, Fig. 2. 016.
1. 051 Solution treat to Condition A.
1. 0511 IJar, forgings and wire. 1875 to 1925 F,30 mln.,cool to
2.02 Other Physical Properties
90 F maximum according to Tllble I, 0511.
2.021 Density. Table 2. 021.
TABLE 1 0511 TABLE 2 021
Source (4 ource 5 p. 10
Form Thickness - In Coollru! Condition A H900
Wire - Oil or wntJ:Lnucnch. 0.282
Bar and
Forgings
<3
3 to6
011 quench
Air cool
lb per cu In
gr per cu em
0.280
7.78 J 7.80
>6 Retarded air cool under
sheet cover 2.022 Blectrlcal resistivity, Table 2. 022.
ource
1. 0512 Castings. 1900 to 1950 F, 1 hr per Inch of thickness
Condition
(30 min. minimum), oil quench for precision Investment
Microhm In
castings and cool as required for sand castings.
1.052 Age Condition A to H Conditions.
1.0521 Bar, forgings and wire to various H Conditions, Table
1. 0521. 2.023 Magne1ic proporlies, Magnetic perm"'!bllity, Table
2.023.
TARLE .0~21
CODE 1501
FERRO US ALLOY S REVISED MARCH 1963
2.03 Chemical Properties 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature . Sec also
Fe 2,031 Corrosion resistance 3,03.
2.0311 General corrosion resistance to aanospherlc and acid 3.021
17 Cr attacks Is considerably superior to that of martensltic 3.022
Hardness. Sec Table 3. 012.
Effect of exposure to elevated temperature on tensile
stainless steels and compares favorably with that of
4 Ni austenitic stainless steels,
properties of wire In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 022.
3.023 Compressive yield strength and shear strength, Table
4 Cu 2. 0312 Alloy Is not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlcmcn t. 3.023,
2.0313 Stress corrosion of the high strength conditions may
occur In certain media. 'I'ARIR 3.023
rc;;;;;-;:;:: (5, p, 2, OJ
17-4 PH 2.04 Nuclear Properties lrnndftfon A H 900
2.041 Effects of Irradiation on pby~icall'lnd mechanical Fey typksl 110 178
--
properties under the following exposure condltions(GE): Fsu typ-ksl 130
Water loop at 540 F, 3 months at 4xl019 and 3xto19 NVT F.,IF,,. typ 0.63
(Thermal).
2,0411 Density and dimensional properties. No slgnlflcant
changes. 3,024 Impact properties. lmpact strength of bar In various
2. 0412 Magnetic susccptibil ity. 4 percent Increase on hardened H Conditions, Fig, 3. 024.
alloy.
2. 0413 Hardness. Table 2. 0413. 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperature s
TABLE 2 04!3 3,031 Short time tension properties. Effect of test temperature
!Source 6 p. 41 on tensile properties of bar In Condition H 900, Fig.
Pre- Exposure Post- Exposure 3,031.
Condition Hardness RC NVT Hardness RC 3.032 Short time properties other than tension
lA 33 to 35 4 X 10 ~
1
48 to 52 3. 0321 Effect of test temperature on compressive yield str.mgth
, ~00 43 to 44 4 X 1Q19 44 to 48 of bar In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 0321.
3.0322 Effect of test temperature on bearing properties of alloy
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 0322.
3. 0323 Effect of test temperature on shear strength of alloy In
3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties Cond.Jtion H 900, Fig. 3. 0323,
3,011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3.011. 3,0324 Effect of low test temperature on Impact strength of bar
TABLE 3. 011 in various H Conditions, Fig. 3. 0324.
Source AMS 3 AMS 2) AMS 1 3.033 Static stress concentration effects
Alloy Fe-17Cr4Nl- l< u
Precision 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
Bar, Sand 00 Invesanent 3. 041 Total strain and creep rupture curves at 600 to 900 F for
Form Forgings Castings castings bar In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 041.
Condition A H 900 A H 900 A IH 90C 3,042 Creep rupture curves at 600 to 800 F for smooth and
--- - --
Fru.mln -lcsi 190 180 180 notched bar In Condition H 1000, Fig. 3, 042.
max -lcsl 215(a)
-- - - 3.043 Creep rupture curves at 300 to 800 F for smooth and
Fty min -lcsl
-
170 !50 -
ISO notched bar In Condition H 1100, Fig. 3, 043.
--- --
e(4D), min-percent 10 6 3,044 B(fects of test temperature and rupture time on notch
6
-- --
RA, man percent 12 strength ratio of bar In Conditions H 1000 and H 1100, F lg.
-- --
up to 3 In !net 40 3. 044.
> 3 In to 8 In incl
Hardness
- 35 - 15
3.05 Fatigue Properties, FatiglJC properties of bar In various
- - -
--
BHN, min 375 375 H Conditions, Table 3, OS.
-
--
max 363 461 363
RC, min - - - 37 40
max
Bar only
- - - - 36
(a) Round bars < 1/2 In = 240 ksl max
- C:n.,rrP
. l"or;;,
TARLE 3,05
12~.2-8-1
--- -
Armco H 900 RT Rot -1 90 80
"'
Source (5,p.3) Armco (5, p. 4) H 1000 beam 87.5 - -
Alloy Fe-17Cr-4NI -4Cu
H 1050
H 1100
Smooth
K =I -
85
82
-- ---
Bar,
Form Wire Bar
H 1200
inso
- 77 -
Condition A H900 H 925 iH 1025 H 1075 H 1100
H 7nn ot 1-an1
"' -1 91 7 7 -
F.}'f min - ksl - 190 170 !55 145 135
H 1000 RT - 85 - --
- - - - - 700
l tnt( max
Fw min
- ksl
-ksl
175
170 155 145 125 IQj
- Armco only
84 78 71
e In), min-percent
RA, min -percent
- 10 10 12 13 16 3.06 Blastic Properties
--
upto31n 3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperature s,
40 44 45 45 50
>31n to 8 In Fig. 3,061.
35 38 45 4' 50
Hardness 3.062 Modulus of =l~:ldlty at room and elevated temperature s,
RC, min - 40 4538 35 31 28
Fig. 3,062.
max
>li81n,max
-
38
~7
- 375-
42
-
39
-
37
-
BHN, min - 388 331 302 277
4. FABRICATION
max - 448
-
438 401 375 352
-
-- -- 4. 01
--
1/2 to 3 ln,max :U1 Forming and Casting
>31n,max 363 -
Up to 8 In unless otherwise specified
- 4. 011 Forging. Starting temperature 2150 F maximum, !lnl.hlng
temperature 1850 F minimum. Thicknesses over 3 inch
CODE 1501
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
..... ,
CODE 1501
PAGE 3
y,-,1 I
~5L__;:.:;:::::t::...:!!...!;;:...t.:::;::...::.;:.::l::.:.:.:::::..-J
160
17-4 PH
0 200 . 400 800
~ TEMP -F
120
a.
r: FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION
(5, p. 10)
80
!i1>:1
-
~40
Ill
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
AGING TEMP - F
F1G. 1. 0522 BPFB CI'S OF AGING TBMP
BRATUllB AND TlMB ON
TENS ILE PROPBRTIBS OF BAR
(5)
-2.0
Fe-17C r-4N1 -4Cu
BAR, WIRE
-1.5 COND A
I
ii:'
14
i!:i
a:
le -1.0
DIMENSIONAL CHANGB
(CON'! RACTION)
I
!'<
a.
2'12
~
i!:i
'7
~
-o.5 ./
v
a: v
ll!lO
!'<
a. .....
..,. 0 ~ ~i
e 0 200
1000
0 200 400 600 800
AGING TBMP (l HR) - F
1000 1200
CODE 1501
PAGE 4
RftlVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fc-17Cr-4Ni-4Cu Fc-17Cr-4N1-4Cu Fe
1/4IN WIRE liAR
CUND II '!110
c;!Jl.IJ II 'JIJ, 17 Cr
240L-----4-----~----~~r.~,v~nn~o'W'r.~~IIR_R~ 4 Ni
~~::::
//
TESTEDATRT 4 Cu
F
220~----+-----~---T_U~~~~~I~O~O--~
,ii~~ ~:o
17-4 PH
200~---~~----~-~~--~r-----t-----~
240L-----+-----~----~------+-----~
5000
/
220~----+-----~----~--~~~I~OI~JO~~
200~----+-----~----~~~~~----~
l/j1uo
7~10
1,- I
.. ..---
/"'~
180 _......j...-=..:-:.:-=-+-----+-----+----~
60
RA
... !! ~ :: f::::::::.-~ 1
- --- '~ --.........10
40 -- 1\. 100
~
if 20
0
1200 1600
BO
I Fc-17Cr'-4Nl-4Cu
BAR
IE CHARPY V
CONDI! 200
Fe-17Cr-~NI-4Cu
60
._ BAR
---
COND H 900
[....- v~ 160
t--
L.A v FCY --......,
1.-Jv 120
"
0
AGING TIME
l OIHR
e4J-IR
80
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
0 TEMP - F
BOO 900 1000 1100 1200
AGING TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON COM-
FIG. 3. 024 IMPACT STRENGTI-1 OF IlAR IN PRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF BAR IN CON-
VARIOUS fl CONDITIONS DITION H 900 (B)
(6, FIG. 19)
CODE 1501
PAGE 5
FE RR OU S ALLOYS REV ISE D MAR CH 196 3
Fe
320 300
17 Cr Fe-17Cr-4Nl~4Cu
BAR, WIRE
4 Ni 200 CONO H 900
4 Cu 2i 240
!50 600F
17- 4 PH 700 F
160 100 ..............
80 -~ ""SO OF
0 400 600
TEM P- F
800 1000 ~60 .~ ...........
--
STRA IN
\
20
120 10 100 1000 10,00 0
TIM E- HR
r---r- - Fe-1 7Cr- !Nl-4 Cu
COND H 900 FIG. 3.041 TOTA L STRAIN
AND CREE P RUPTURE
80 r-. ........ CURVES AT 600 TO 900 F FOR
CONDITION H 900
BAR IN
"''
(7, p. 2-4-6 - 2-4-9 )
Fsu
~
.......
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 !ZOO
TEM P -F
Fir.. 3. 0323 EFFE CT OF TEST TEM PERA
TURE ON SHEA R STRE NGTH
OF ALLOY IN CON DmO N H
900 (9, p. 147)
100
-:::::;;:
SMOOTH
A .. --
TEST TEM P
80 0 600 F
e700F
60 l:J. 800 F
1-- IE CHARPY V 300
"' '6o f
~200
ISO
Iii:
o.fs~oo
~~ ~ 1---
'-r~0.002
100 -_~
so NOTCHED ~ ~
K = 7.5 RUPTIJRE
60
TEM P- F 0.1
10 100
FIG. 3, 0324 EFFE CT OF LOW TBST TBM 1000
PBRA TURE ON TIM E- HR
IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR
IN VARIOUS FIG. 3. 042
H CONDITIONS CREE P RIJPTUR.E CURVES AT
600 TO 800 F FOR
(12, p. 2-10- 1) SMOOTH A.NO NOTC HED BAR
IN CON DmO N H 1000
(10, FlO. 8)
CODE 1501
PAGE 6
FeAH
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
t . .J
~- Pe-17Cr-4Nf~4Cu 11 r-----,-----~----~--~ Fe
Fe-17Cr-4Nl- 4Cu
200 3/4INBA R- CONCH 900
SMOOTH CONCH 1 00 17 Cr
150 - 4 Ni
100
~- r-
't'BSTTEMP
.,_,_
...A
'v:;_6rrj
-- ~
4 Cu
9
-300F
l a.E~o
80
0 600 p
0 400 600 17-4 PH
TBMP-P
~60 .~ 700 p
300 ll 800 p MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
C.r = o. 002 FIG. 3,062
ELEVATED TEMPBRA'IURES
200 (6, p. 9)
~ ~~-.,.._-"-
b--
150 \..
NOTCHED
K =7.5 RUPTURE
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR
CONC
HlOOO
ii
REFERENCES