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Eq. 7.6
Eq. 7.7
In radial flow, substituting Eq. 7.7 in Eq. 7.19 and neglecting annular and vertical flow effects gives
Eq. 8.1
8.1 Derive the dimensionless form of the diffusivity equation for the flow of a slightly compressible liquid in porous media as
shown in the course notes.
The objective is to change Eq. 8.1 in to a dimension less form. Dimension less variables are defined by the
conditions of the problem (i.e. inner and outer boundary conditions in particular case), as well as intuitive
definitions (i.e. )
First of all, we establish some conditions as well as intuitive definitions.
1. The dimensionless radius is based intuitively on the well bore radius
Eq. 8.2
2. Dimensionless pressure, must satisfy the following condition
a. The initial condition
Eq. 8.3
b. The constant rate inner boundary condition:
Eq. 8.4
Substituting Eq. 8.2 in Eq. 8.1, and use y and instead of p and t we have
Eq. 8.5
Multiplying through with Eq. 8.5 with gives
Eq. 8.6
Initial condition is given by Eq. 8.7
Eq. 8.8
We also required definition that gives following dimensionless initial condition
Eq. 8.9
Therefore, we suggest the form of the dimensionless pressure function,
Eq. 8.10
Where is a characteristic value of the pressure function, y. The appropriate value of will be define using the
inner boundary equation. Rearranging Eq. 8.10 and solving for y, we have
Eq. 8.11
Substituting Eq. 8.11 in Eq. 8.6, we have
Eq. 8.12
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.18
Solve for
Eq. 8.19
Writing Eq. 8.19 for the constant rate inner boundary condition (flow rate at wellbore)
Eq. 8.20
Substituting and y definition
Eq. 8.21
Eq. 8.22
We would like to express the dimensionless form of inner boundary condition as
Eq. 8.23
From Eq. 8.22 and Eq. 8.23, becomes
Eq. 8.24
2
y-function can be define as p, p or pp therefore can be obtained once the y-function is specified.
Substituting Eq. 8.24 in Eq. 8.10, we have
Eq. 8.25
Recalling Eq. 8.14 we have got a leftover term which suggests a intuitive definition of dimension less time
Eq. 8.26
Where is a characteristic time. Rearranging Eq. 8.26 and solving for y, we have
Eq. 8.27
Substituting Eq. 8.27 in Eq. 8.14, we obtain
Eq. 8.28
Where is defined in order to simplify the Eq. 8.28
Eq. 8.29
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.32
Where
Eq. 8.2
Eq. 8.25
Eq. 8.31
8.2 State the dimensionless initial and boundary conditions as shown in the course notes.
The initial and boundary conditions that we consider for the radial flow case are:
Initial Condition:
Eq. 8.08
Inner Boundary Condition: constant sandface flowrate at the well
Eq. 8.18
Outer Boundary Condition:
Case1: Infinite outer boundary
Eq. 8.33
Case2: no flow outer boundary
Eq. 8.34
Case3: constant pressure outer boundary constant at
Eq. 8.35
Since these conditions are used to define the dimensionless variables, we can simply write the dimensionless initial and boundary
conditions directly from the standard forms Eq. 8.33, Eq. 8.34 and Eq. 8.35
Initial Condition:
Eq. 8.9
Inner Boundary Condition: constant sandface flowrate at the well
Eq. 8.23
Outer Boundary Condition:
Case1: Infinite outer boundary
Eq. 8.36
Case2: no flow outer boundary
Eq. 8.37
8.3 Derive the Boltzmann transform solution for the infinite-acting reservoir case.
Eq. 8.39
where
Eq. 8.31
Eq. 8.40
where
The initial condition: uniform pressure distribution
Eq. 8.9
Inner Boundary Condition: constant sandface flowrate at the well
Eq. 8.23
Outer Boundary Condition: Infinite outer boundary
Eq. 8.36
Rewriting Eq. 8.32 we have
Eq. 8.41
Boltzmann transform variable, is defined as
Eq. 8.42
Where for our problem we have , and , which yields
Eq. 8.43
From Eq. 8.32
Eq. 8.44
Applying the chain rule
Eq. 8.45
Expanding and isolating term
Eq. 8.46
Eq. 8.47
Eq. 8.48
Completing factorization
Eq. 8.49
Using Eq. 8.43 we take following derivatives
Eq. 8.50
Eq. 8.51
Eq. 8.52
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Substituting Eq. 8.50, Eq. 8.51 and Eq. 8.52 in Eq. 8.49 gives the Boltzmann transform differential equation
Eq. 8.53
Recalling the initial condition
Eq. 8.9
For which gives
Eq. 8.54
Recalling the outer boundary condition
Eq. 8.36
For which also gives
Eq. 8.54
Both initial condition and outer boundary condition leads to the same Eq. 8.54 which means Boltzmann transformation had
collapses the two conditions into one. The collapsing of two conditions makes Boltzmann transformation valid and allow us to
solve Eq. 8.53 in a unique way
Recalling the inner boundary condition: constant sandface flowrate at the well
Eq. 8.23
Eq. 8.56
Making the following variable of subscription
Eq. 8.57
Substituting Eq. 8.57 in Eq. 8.53, we have
Eq. 8.58
Separating
Eq. 8.59
Integrating
Solving for
Define , then
Eq. 8.61
Recalling Eq. 8.57 and combine with Eq. 8.61 gives
Eq. 8.62
Substituting Eq. 8.62 in Eq. 8.56 gives
Eq. 8.63
Substituting Eq. 8.63 in Eq. 8.61 and Eq. 8.57 gives
Eq. 8.64
Separating
Eq. 8.65
Integrating
Eq. 8.66
8.4 Derive the Laplace transform solutions for the infinite-acting reservoir case (cylindrical source and line source
solutions).
Eq. 8.40
where
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
D
drD
Taking Laplace transformation of Eq. 8.41 gives
Eq. 8.70
We recognize from initial condition that , we got
Eq. 8.71
Taking Laplace transformation of inner boundary condition Eq. 8.23 gives
Eq. 8.72
Taking Laplace transformation of outer boundary condition Eq. 8.36 gives
Eq. 8.73
Multiplying through Eq. 8.71 by we have
Eq. 8.74
We will define a variable of substitution, z, as
or Eq. 8.75
Applying chain rule on the 8.74, we have
Eq. 8.76
From Eq. 8.75
Eq. 8.77
Substituting Eq. 8.75 and Eq. 8.77 in Eq. 8.76, we have
Eq. 8.78
Expanding the LHS of Eq. 8.78, we have
Eq. 8.79
The modified Bessel differential equation is given by
Eq. 8.80
The general solution is given by
Eq. 8.81
Where and are the modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds, respectively.
Eq. 8.79 has a general solution as
Eq. 8.82
Using Eq. 8.75 in Eq. 8.82, we have
Eq. 8.83
In order to develop a the particular solution, we need to determine , using the chain rule we have
Eq. 8.84
Substituting Eq. 8.77 in Eq. 8.84, we have
Eq. 8.85
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.86
Where
Eq. 8.87
Eq. 8.88
Substituting Eq. 8.87 and Eq. 8.88 in Eq. 8.86, we have
Eq. 8.89
Combining Eq. 8.75, Eq. 8.85 and Eq. 8.89, we obtain
Eq. 8.90
Substituting Eq. 8.90 in Eq.8.72 (inner boundary condition ), we have
Eq. 8.91
Substituting Eq. 8.83 in Eq.8.73 (outer boundary condition), we have
Eq. 8.92
Consider behavior of some terms
Eq. 8.93
And
Eq. 8.94
Then we realize that in order to satisfy Eq. 8.92, , using inner boundary condition Eq. 8.91 and Eq. 8.94 we
have
Eq. 8.95
Substituting A and B in Eq. 8.83 we obtain the particular solution called cylindrical source solution
Eq. 8.96
With the cylindrical source solution we will develop a line source solution by simplifying the denominator term.
In Eq. 8.96, we have
Eq. 8.97
Recalling that Laplace transform parameter and dimensionless time function is inversely proportional.
Eq. 8.98
As a matter of reducing the denominator term, we will consider the large time behavior of the term
Eq. 8.99
Wed known that
Eq. 8.100
Multiplying through by z, we have
Eq. 8.101
Substituting Eq. 8.101 in Eq. 8.96, we have a particular solution called line source solution
Eq. 8.102
8.5-8.7 Derive the Laplace transform solutions for the finite-acting reservoir case using the following outer boundary conditions:
8.5 Bounded circular reservoir no-flow at the outer boundary
Eq. 8.41
Where
Eq. 8.2
Eq. 8.25
y-function is used as p,
Eq. 8.39
where
Eq. 8.31
Eq. 8.40
where
The initial condition: uniform pressure distribution
Eq. 8.9
Inner Boundary Condition: constant sandface flowrate at the well
Eq. 8.23
Outer Boundary Condition: no flow outer boundary
Eq. 8.37
Laplace Transformation Formulation:
f (t )
p r and
d f (s)
pD , tD Eq. 8.69
r
D D
D
drD
Taking Laplace transformation of Eq. 8.41 gives
Eq. 8.70
We recognize from initial condition that , we got
Eq. 8.71
Taking Laplace transformation of inner boundary condition Eq. 8.23 gives
Eq. 8.72
Taking Laplace transformation of outer boundary condition Eq. 8.37 gives
Eq. 8.103
Eq. 8.76
From Eq. 8.75
Eq. 8.77
Substituting Eq. 8.75 and Eq. 8.77 in Eq. 8.76, we have
Eq. 8.78
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.84
Substituting Eq. 8.77 in Eq. 8.84, we have
Eq. 8.85
Eq. 8.86
Where
Eq. 8.87
Eq. 8.88
Substituting Eq. 8.87 and Eq. 8.88 in Eq. 8.86, we have
Eq. 8.89
Combining Eq. 8.75, Eq. 8.85 and Eq. 8.89, we obtain
Eq. 8.90
Substituting Eq. 8.90 in Eq.8.72 (inner boundary condition ), we have
Eq. 8.91
Substituting Eq. 8.90 in Eq.8.103 (outer boundary condition), we have
Eq. 8.104
Solving for B, we obtain
Eq. 8.105
Substituting Eq. 8.105 in Eq. 8.91, we have
Eq. 8.106
Solving for A, we obtain
Eq. 8.107
Eq. 8.108
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Substituting A and B in Eq. 8.83 we obtain the particular solution with no-flow at the outer boundary
Eq. 8.109
Eq. 8.111
Substituting Eq. 8.101 and Eq. 8.111 in Eq. 8.109, we have a particular solution for bounded circular reservoir no-flow at the
outer boundary
Eq. 8.112
Eq. 8.40
where
The initial condition: uniform pressure distribution
Eq. 8.9
Inner Boundary Condition: constant sandface flowrate at the well
Eq. 8.23
Case3: constant pressure outer boundary constant at
Eq. 8.38
Laplace Transformation Formulation:
f (t )
p r and
d f (s)
pD , tD Eq. 8.69
r
D D
D
drD
Taking Laplace transformation of Eq. 8.41 gives
Eq. 8.70
We recognize from initial condition that , we got
Eq. 8.71
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.76
From Eq. 8.75
Eq. 8.77
Substituting Eq. 8.75 and Eq. 8.77 in Eq. 8.76, we have
Eq. 8.78
Expanding the LHS of Eq. 8.78, we have
Eq. 8.79
The modified Bessel differential equation is given by
Eq. 8.80
The general solution is given by
Eq. 8.81
Where and are the modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds, respectively.
Eq. 8.79 has a general solution as
Eq. 8.82
Using Eq. 8.75 in Eq. 8.82, we have
Eq. 8.83
In order to develop a the particular solution, we need to determine , using the chain rule we have
Eq. 8.84
Substituting Eq. 8.77 in Eq. 8.84, we have
Eq. 8.85
Eq. 8.86
Where
Eq. 8.87
Eq. 8.88
Substituting Eq. 8.87 and Eq. 8.88 in Eq. 8.86, we have
Eq. 8.89
Combining Eq. 8.75, Eq. 8.85 and Eq. 8.89, we obtain
Eq. 8.90
Substituting Eq. 8.90 in Eq.8.72 (inner boundary condition ), we have
Eq. 8.91
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.114
Solving for B, we obtain
Eq. 8.115
Substituting Eq. 8.115 in Eq. 8.91, we have
Eq. 8.116
Solving for A, we obtain
Eq. 8.117
Eq. 8.118
Substituting A and B in Eq. 8.83 we obtain the particular solution with constant pressure outer boundary constant at
Eq. 8.119
Eq. 8.40
where
The initial condition: uniform pressure distribution
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.9
Inner Boundary Condition: constant sandface flowrate at the well
Eq. 8.23
Case4: prescribed flux outer boundary
Eq. 8.121
Laplace Transformation Formulation:
f (t )
p r and
d f (s)
pD , tD Eq. 8.69
r
D D
D
drD
Taking Laplace transformation of Eq. 8.41 gives
Eq. 8.70
We recognize from initial condition that , we got
Eq. 8.71
Taking Laplace transformation of inner boundary condition Eq. 8.23 gives
Eq. 8.72
Taking Laplace transformation of outer boundary condition Eq. 8.121 gives
Eq. 8.122
Eq. 8.76
From Eq. 8.75
Eq. 8.77
Substituting Eq. 8.75 and Eq. 8.77 in Eq. 8.76, we have
Eq. 8.78
Expanding the LHS of Eq. 8.78, we have
Eq. 8.79
The modified Bessel differential equation is given by
Eq. 8.80
The general solution is given by
Eq. 8.81
Where and are the modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds, respectively.
Eq. 8.79 has a general solution as
Eq. 8.82
Using Eq. 8.75 in Eq. 8.82, we have
Eq. 8.83
In order to develop a the particular solution, we need to determine , using the chain rule we have
Eq. 8.84
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.86
Where
Eq. 8.87
Eq. 8.88
Substituting Eq. 8.87 and Eq. 8.88 in Eq. 8.86, we have
Eq. 8.89
Combining Eq. 8.75, Eq. 8.85 and Eq. 8.89, we obtain
Eq. 8.90
Substituting Eq. 8.90 in Eq.8.72 (inner boundary condition ), we have
Eq. 8.91
Substituting Eq. 8.90 in Eq.8.122 (outer boundary condition), we have
Eq. 8.123
Solving for A, dividing Eq. 8.91 with ) and Dividing Eq. 8.123 with , we have
Eq. 8.124
Eq. 8.125
Eq. 8.126
Solving for B, dividing Eq. 8.91 with and Dividing Eq. 8.123 with , we have
Eq. 8.127
Eq. 8.128
Eq. 8.129
Substituting A and B in Eq. 8.83 we obtain the particular solution with prescribed flux outer boundary
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.130
From Eq. 8.101
Eq. 8.101
From Eq. 8.111
Eq. 8.111
Substituting Eq. 8.101 and Eq. 8.111 in Eq. 8.130, we have a particular solution for Bounded circular reservoir prescribed
flux at the outer boundary
Eq. 8.131
The term tend to reach when , Hence we shall not reduce the term. We should leave it as
Eq. 8.132
8.8-8.10 Derive the real domain solutions for the finite-acting reservoir case using the following outer boundary conditions:
8.8 Bounded circular reservoir no-flow at the outer boundary
It is not possible to invert the solution Eq. 8.109 for this case, so we will attempt an approximate solution of the line source form
Eq. 8.112
Recalling Eq. 8.112
Eq. 8.112
Eq. 8.139
Recalling the first recursion relation
Eq. 8.140
If
Eq. 8.141
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Eq. 8.143
Eq. 8.144
Using two term expansions for and
Eq. 8.145
Eq. 8.146
Eq. 8.147
Assume we can express as a binomial series of the form
Eq. 8.148
Using two term expansions for we have
Eq. 8.149
Substituting Eq. 8.149 in Eq. 8.147, we have
Eq. 8.150
Expanding
Eq. 8.151
Eq. 8.152
Substituting Eq. 8.152 in Eq. 8.112, we have
1
1 1 1 1
Eq. 8.153
1
Eq. 8.154
1
1
Eq. 8.155
1
Eq. 8.156
1
Eq. 8.157
Inverting Eq. 8.153
Collecting, we obtain the real domain solutions for the finite-acting reservoir case for a bounded circular reservoir no-flow
at the outer boundary
Eq. 8.158
Similar to no-flow boundary case, we cannot invert the solution Eq. 8.119 for this case, so we will attempt an approximate
solution of the line source form Eq. 8.120
Recalling Eq. 8.120
Eq. 8.120
Recalling Eq. 8.143,
Eq. 8.143
Eq. 8.159
Eq. 8.161
Collecting, we obtain the real domain solutions for the finite-acting reservoir case for a bounded circular reservoir constant
pressure at the outer boundary
Eq. 8.163
Similar to no-flow boundary case, we cannot invert the solution Eq. 8.130 for this case, so we will attempt an approximate
solution of the line source form Eq. 8.132
Recalling Eq. 8.132
Eq. 8.132
Eq. 8.165
Eq. 8.165
Eq. 8.152
Substituting Eq. 8.152 in Eq. 8.165, we have
Eq. 8.166
Inverting
1
Eq. 8.167
1 Eq. 8.168
1 Eq. 8.169
620-600 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs By Niwit Anantraksakul
Assume then
1 Eq. 8.170
Substituting Eq. 8.170 in Eq. 8.167
Eq. 8.171
Substituting Eq. 8.171 in Eq. 8.164, we obtain the real domain solutions for the finite-acting reservoir case for a bounded
circular reservoir prescribed flux at the outer boundary
Eq. 8.172
Influx term