ii.

Economic Information
1. Demographics
Latin America as a Whole
Birth Rate (per thousand of the population) 17

Death Rate (per thousand of the population) 6

Life Expectancy for Males 73

Life Expectancy for Females 79

Total Fertility Rate 2.1

Infant Mortality Rate 17

GNI or GDP per capita USD (2016) 15,001

HDI ranking 0.751

Mexico
Birth Rate (per thousand of the population) 20

Death Rate (per thousand of the population) 5

Life Expectancy for Males 75

Life Expectancy for Females 79

Total Fertility Rate 2.2

Infant Mortality Rate 18

GNI or GDP per capita USD (2016) 17,740

HDI ranking 0.762

Central America
Birth Rate (per thousand of the population) 20

Death Rate (per thousand of the population) 5

Life Expectancy for Males 74

Life Expectancy for Females 79

Total Fertility Rate 2.3

Infant Mortality Rate 19

 GNI or GDP per capita USD (2016) 15,315

HDI ranking 0.692

South America
Birth Rate (per thousand of the population) 16

Death Rate (per thousand of the population) 6

Life Expectancy for Males 72

Life Expectancy for Females 79

Total Fertility Rate 1.9

Infant Mortality Rate 15

GNI or GDP per capita USD (2016) 15,192

HDI ranking 0.756

The Caribbean
Birth Rate (per thousand of the 17
population)

Death Rate (per thousand of the 8

population)

Life Expectancy for Males 71

Life Expectancy for Females 76

Total Fertility Rate 2.2

Infant Mortality Rate 29

GNI or GDP per capita USD N/A

(2016)

HDI ranking N/A (The index only counts about 3 islands which is not
enough for a true average)

Economic Systems
 Mixed Columbia, Uruguay, Jamaica, Peru, Panama, Saint Lucia, Costa Rica, El
Market Salvador, Dominica, Mexico, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Paraguay,
Trinidad and Tobago, The Bahamas

Mixed Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, Guyana, Barbados, Brazil

Command

Mainly Hait, Ecuador, Suriname, Bolivia, Cuba, Venezuela

Command

2. Economic State
As a reference point, United States of which is characterized as a developed economy (also a 4
on the demographic Transition model), is more economically developed than Latin America.
This assessment is valid because even though Latin America has developed locations, it also has
countries like Haiti and Guatemala which are some of the poorest countries in the Western
Hemisphere. Using demographics to analyze economic development, The US has an average
birth rate of 12 per 1000 people of the population and a death rate of 8 per 1000 people, which is
a lower birthrate than Latin America, but higher death rate. Other factors like the infant mortality
rate as well as fertility rate are indicators of economic success. The US has an infant mortality
rate of 5.8 and a fertility rate of 1.8 whereas Latin America averages at a birth rate of 17 and a
fertility rate of 2.1, indicating Latin America is not completely developed. Regardless, Latin
America could be far weaker economically and as technology can only develop further, so can
the economic well being of Latin American citizens unless there is a catastrophic event.

3. Economic Assets

Country Economic Infrastructure Natural Resources Uses for Photo

Activity Natural
Sectors Resources in
Genovia

Brasil agriculture: Brazil has a large Coffee, soybeans, The wide

10% road systems, even wheat, rice, corn, range of
industry: though it is said to sugarcane, cocoa, metals and
39.8% be a pain for cars, citrus, crops could
services: the air travel is a beef lumber, iron make Brazil a
50.2% big industry, and ore, tin, steel natural
Brazil uses 90% resource hub.
hydro- There seem to
electricity. also be many
skilled
workers
which could
boost the
economy in
 Genovia.
Tourism
would be a
good industry
as well.

Venezuela agriculture: Venezuela has a petroleum and In case the

7.3% broken petroleum picture to the
industry: infrastructure with products, bauxite right is not
21.8% damaged roads,and and aluminum, visible, the
services: poor sections called minerals, Antilles Reef
70.9% (4th favelas. chemicals, is a source for
quarter, agricultural ecotourism,
2011) products, livestock and
interesting
enough the
rich amount
of bird
droppings
found there
can be used
for
gunpowder
and fertilizer.
Venezuela is
a poorer
country, can
be used for
fuel which
makes
Genovia more
self sufficient.

Argentina agriculture: Argentina was once sunflower seeds, Argentina has

0.5% a richer country, lemons, soybeans, many natural
industry: but in 2001 the grapes, corn, resources, a
24.8% country fell into tobacco, peanuts, highly skilled
services: depression leaving tea, wheat; population for
74.7% the infrastructure of livestock production of
(2014 est. less importance. these
Now the country resources, a
has improved its strong
travel systems and agricultural
buildings. sector, and
many
industries that
 can be made
out of those
resources.

Peru agriculture: Peru is developing, artichokes, This country

25.8% and does have a asparagus, has a wide
industry: train system and avocados, variety of
17.4% some areas with blueberries, coffee, agricultural
services: advanced cocoa, cotton, resources and
56.8% architecture. sugarcane, rice, could be a
(2011) potatoes, corn, great source
plantains, grapes, of food and
oranges, also because
pineapples, guavas, of the
bananas, apples, infamous
lemons, pears, landscape,
coca, tomatoes, become an
mangoes, barley, area for
medicinal plants, tourism.
minerals, quinoa,
palm oil,
marigolds, onions,
wheat, dry beans;
poultry, beef, pork,
dairy products;
guinea pigs; fish

Columbia agriculture: The infrastructure petroleum, coal, Because

17% in Columbia is in a emeralds, coffee, Columbia is
industry: poor state nickel, cut flowers, dependent on
21% according to the bananas, gold oil, it could be
services: World Economic hard for
62% (2011 Forum. The Genovia to
est.) disconnect of cities shift as it is
by landforms important for
makes the our country to
infrastructure even use
more necessary and alternative
the region needs energy. The
stronger roadways city itself is
and means of travel gorgeous and
and business. could bring in
money for
tourism. The
precious
stones could
 be a good
industry.

Chile agriculture: Chile has invested copper, lithium, Chile many

9.2% billions of dollars other minerals, natural
industry: into its foodstuffs, fish resources, and
23.7% infrastructure processing, iron the World
services: recently as to and steel, wood Factbook says
67.1% advance its and wood Exports of
(2013) economy for products, transport goods and Copper, one of Chiles
foreign investors. equipment, services industries.
The government is cement, textiles account for
focusing on water approximately
treatment and and one-third of
roads. GDP, with
commodities
making up
some 60% of
total exports.
The amount
of natural
resources
could be of
great use to
our country.

Ecuador agriculture: Ecuadors petroleum, The country

27.8% bananas, cut uses lots of
industry: flowers, shrimp, petroleum
17.8% cacao, coffee, which could
services: wood, fish be an issue
54.4% for Genovia You cant see, but the c
(2012) because we shown, surrounded by
would have to mountains.
spend lots of
time and
money
converting the
use of the
natural
resource. Oil
is a major
industry that Ecuador has many rich
will cultural sites which giv
eventually little colonization space
have to die. lot of history.
 On the plus
side, there is a
decent
agricultural
industry.

Bolivia agriculture: Infrastructure is natural gas, silver, The natural

29.4% under rapid change zinc, lead, tin, gas and
industry: with technology gold, quinoa, mining
22% advancements and soybeans and soy industry could
services: an improving train products provide
48.6% system, improving energy for the
(2015 est.) road systems. This country so
is caused by that we dont
controversial shifts have to spend
to private as much on
industries. imports.

Physical and Low incom

process of Mining

Uruguay agriculture: Infrastructure in beef, soybeans, There is a lot

13% Uruguay needs cellulose, rice, of food
industry: improvements to its wheat, wood, dairy products not
14% transportation products, wool common on
services: systems and is this list
73% (2010 currently making for Train Systems are impr
est.) undergoing new
renovations. Phone industries and
use is low so the crop variety.
government is
undergoing a
privatization.
Port System In Urugua

Guyana n/a Roads are in poor sugar, gold, Because

condition, and bauxite, alumina, Guyana could
public rice, shrimp, make a
infrastructure is in molasses, rum, valuable
such bad condition timber, minerals seafood
many private industry
industries have location, and There is a wide expanse
invested in alternate mineral untouched land.
power and water extraction
sources. especially is a
 dangerous
and low
paying
industry for
citizens.

Water pollution is an is
Guyana.

Suriname agriculture: Suriname has alumina, gold, These

11.2% lacking crude oil, lumber, industries are
industry: transportation shrimp and fish, the same as
19.5% systems, and self rice, bananas the
services: sufficient as far as surrounding
69.3% energy area but it
(2010) development. would be This image show the ne
beneficial for develop stronger
the country to transportation forms.
colonize all of
this region to
have full
control over
these
industries.

French n/a Paved roads and shrimp, timber, Again,

Guiana railroads are nearly gold, rum, bauxite because
nonexistent and Countries like
telecommunications Suriname are
are slow. Electricity so small they
comes from a have similar
single dam. This resources and This image shows the a
lacking is mainly should be a port city.
because of the wide colonized
expanse of together for
rainforest. optimal
control and
amount of
resources.

Here is timber in Frenc

Guiana that represents
prosperous timber indu
Trinidad agriculture: While small, the petroleum and This area is a
and 3.4% area has a great port petroleum major
Tobago industry: system and is self products, liquefied location for
11.5% sufficient as far as natural gas, fuel and worst
services: energy and methanol, comes to While it is not a natural
84.7% transportation. ammonia, urea, worst, if resource, Trinidad and
(2015 est.) steel products,, genovia does Tobago export many ot
cocoa, fish not depend of products like cosmetics
fuel we can
make money
by exporting
the fuel.

Mexico agriculture: Infrastructure corn, wheat, The wide

13.4% grows from a soybeans, rice, range of
industry: strong banking beans, cotton, products to
24.1% system, reasonably coffee, fruit, farm is
services: good transport tomatoes; beef, beneficial but Many parts of Mexico a
61.9% areas, and a number poultry, dairy yet creates a ideal tourist spots.
(2011) of sophisticated products; wood very
business areas products agricultural
considering Mexico centered
is still a developing economy.
Country. At the
same time, the Mexico is also a cultura
country has started
to undertake some
important and long-
overdue reforms in
the labor market Instead of being
and education. impoverished, most of
economy does low wag
manual labor jobs.

Belize agriculture: Belize has poor sugar, bananas, The

10.2% water quality and citrus, fish mountainous
industry: has a simple and products, molasses, landscape
18.1% unconventional wood, crude oil makes travel
services: transportation difficult, but
71.7% system. Internet is natural
(2007) not advanced but is resources can
improving. create many
jobs on the
island.
Costa Rica agriculture: The infrastructure bananas, Costa Rica is
14% in Costa Rica pineapples, coffee, not a very
industry: focuses on melons, rich area, but
22% renewable energy, ornamental plants, access the
services: showing sugar, corn, rice, ocean for Costa Rica is a major to
64% (2006 development. beans, potatoes; trade which is location and has signifi
est.) However, in beef, poultry, especially biodiversity. It is going
numbers, dairy; timber, important through deforestation.
Infrastructure copper, bauxite because it has
Intelligence says reserves so many
Costa Rica globally exports.
ranked 103rd in our
overall Costa Rica does not hav
infrastructure advanced infrastructure
quality, 60th in air
transportation, 95th
in railway
transportation, and
worst 115th in road
infrastructure.
Costa Rica lost
some of this
infrastructure from
Hurricane Maria.

El agriculture: Roads are backed Petroleum, coffee, El Salvador is

Salvador 21% up and prone to sugar, resources a poorer
industry: flooding, for ethanol, iron region with a
20% Communication and steel, corn, high
services: systems are not rice, beans, agriculture
This picture shows the
58% (2011 great mostly due to oilseed, cotton, skillset.
manual labor that is pre
est.) war and physical sorghum; beef, However,
most low paying extrac
damage creating dairy products more
and manufacturing indu
issues by agricultural
earthquakes in 2001 products
This are is not make the area
dependent on oil a good
 whatsoever, source. There
though. is cotton to
supply the
textile and
apparel
industries in
Latin
America.

Guatemala agriculture: Guatemala is in a sugarcane, corn, There is a

30.5% cycle of limited bananas, coffee, wider range
industry: economic beans, cardamom; of livestock in
13.7% development cattle, sheep, pigs, Guatemala
services: because the country chickens which is an
55.8% isolates its need for industry more
(2016 est.) a stronger unique to this Guatemala has an issue
internet/phone use, country. pollution and general h
fixed road systems, Agriculture concerns to society.
and poor school industries are
system. even bigger
her than in El
Salvador.

Example of overcrowde
favelas.

Nicaragua agriculture: The development of coffee, bananas, Nicaragua is

31% the internet has not sugarcane, rice, agriculture
industry: been prosperous corn, tobacco, and mining
18% here. The road cotton, sesame, heavy which
services: quality is poor and soya, beans, beef, brings fewer
50% (2011 the national veal, pork, poultry, skilled
est.) encyclopedia says dairy products, workers but a Nicaragua is a tourist sp
only a third of shrimp, lobsters, high amount
roads are peanuts, wood, of crops.
satisfactory. minerals
Energy is decent,
using 35%
hydroelectricity. Nicaragua is prone to a
droughts.
 agriculture: Panama has one of bananas, rice, corn, Panama is a
Panama 17% the best port coffee, sugarcane, major port
industry: systems creating a vegetables; location and
18.6% major transport area livestock; shrimp would bring
services: for Central in a lot of
64.4% America. The money and
(2009 est. country has adopted makes trading
new technology the Panama is a major port
increasing financial agricultural location.
success and products far
infrastructure. easier.

Bahamas agriculture: For not being Citrus, vegetables, The Bahamas

3% developed, the poultry, lush are of use
industry: Bahamas is vegetation and because of the
11% succeeding in its beaches, oil, salt, money they
tourism: economy, as it has aragonite, bring in from
The Bahamas brings in
49% improved its road pharmaceuticals tourism and
money from tourism.
other quality, 62 more varied
services: airports, and a new agriculture
37% (2011 plan to extend products.
est.) investments in high
speed internet. The Bahamas are havin
issues with racism

Cuba agriculture: Cuba has many sugar, tobacco, Cuba is a

18% architectural citrus, coffee, rice, good area to
industry: marvels like the potatoes, beans; harvest crops
10% Havana Sewer. livestock from and
services: Since 1959 Genovia can
72% (2013 however, cuba has gain valuable
est. seen little change. crops. Cuba is under an autho
Communication has government which coul
remained very complicate trade.
limited as
compared to other
countries and roads
are damaged.
Dominican agriculture: Infrastructure cocoa, tobacco, Natural
Republic 14.4% improved after the sugarcane, coffee, resources
industry: 1960s Trujillo cotton, rice, beans, provide a
20.8% dictatorship, and potatoes, corn, wide variety
services: roads, bananas; cattle, of industries Jamaica has been a targ
64.7% communication, pigs, dairy for many jobs deforestation.
(2014) and overall products, beef, and self
architecture eggs sufficiency
improved in cities within the
where tourism was country..
important. This
improvement
neglected rural
areas, which need
improving.

Haiti agriculture: Haiti has a very coffee, mangoes, Haiti is

38.1% poor infrastructure, cocoa, sugarcane, incredibly
industry: which is shown rice, corn, poor and its
11.5% through the low sorghum; wood, citizens are in
services: quality of life. The vetiver a loop of
50.4% water system has poverty and
(2010) one of the worst bad
satisfaction rates in infrastructure
Latin America which affects
and buildings have the amount of
not recovered from exports it
the earthquake of releases,
2010 yet. however
agriculture is It might be hard to tell
unique. this is Haiti. It is poor,
from overpopulation, p
high death rates and on
prone to natural disaste

Jamaica agriculture: While Jamaica has sugarcane, Jamaica is a

17% a decent bananas, coffee, beautiful
industry: infrastructure roads citrus, yams, location that
19% are traffic-like, and ackees, vegetables; yields unique Jamaica is a popular tou
services: railroads are poultry, goats, crops. location especially for
64% (2006) troubled. Air milk; shellfish cruises.
transportation,
online use, and
electricity are more
modern and
successful.
 It is incredibly polluted

4. Maps

Natural Resources
Economic Activities
5. Population Pyramids
As the time on the map shifts, so does the shape of the pyramid. From 1950 to 2100, the amount
of the younger generation shifts and the pyramid is not so uneven. By 2100 there is a consistent
balance of a female to male ratio and also more of a balance between the number of people in
each age range. The more symmetrical the pyramid is, the more wealth, gender equality, and
overall health can be seen. The predicted pyramid for 2100 is much more balanced and is most
similar to a stage 4 region. The 2017 version is most similar to a stage 3 region and the 1950
pyramid shows a stage 2 region.
6. Economic Issues

An economic issue plaguing most of Latin America is market reform. The cause of why the issue
is so dramatic is because during the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America, governments wanted to
decrease foreign dependency and make themselves more self sufficient. The change in the
economy created more of a need for labor and decreased the formality of the economy mainly in
the 1990s but market reform effects are still relevant to this day. This directly increased the gap
in economic classes and eliminated the middle class. The shift in classes increased poverty
rates. The government has taken action since, an example being conditional cash transfer
programs in which poor families are compensated if they provide their children an opportunity to
go to school among other ways to ensure the state of Latin America increases in the future.
Poverty hotspot in a favela in Brazil. Most Latin American countries are
growing
aside from very poor countries like
Venezuela.

Another issue in Latin America is their high homicide and violent crime rate. According
to political violence ataglance.org, a Latin American is murdered every 15 minutes. When the
United Nations conducted a study about global homicide they said areas with high amounts of
homicide are caused by a mix of economic inequality, low gun control, and high amounts of
gang violence, all of which are major issues in Latin America. Contrary to popular belief the
influence of drug cartel, while an issue is not as prominent of a factor. The effect of this high
crime rate is most obviously, the security threat to Latin American citizens in lower income
areas. A major effect is also how having such a high crime rate creates issues in association with
other countries. ( The US President Donald Trump is acclaimed with saying that he wants to
build a larger barrier between Mexican-American Border because he wants to keep out rapists
and drug dealers).

Latin American Countries are at risk for very high crime and murder rates.
(Red then orange areas are the highest at risk.)

7.Sources
 1. Demographics
2017 World Population Data Sheet. 2017 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference
Bureau, Aug. 2017 www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2017/2017-world-population-data-
sheet.aspx.

Human Development Index (HDI). Human Development Reports (HDR) - United

Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Mar. 2017, hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi/.

Country Rankings. Country Rankings: World & Global Economy Rankings on Economic
Freedom, www.heritage.org/index/ranking.

2) Economic State
2017 World Population Data Sheet. 2017 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference
Bureau, Aug. 2017 www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2017/2017-world-population-data-
sheet.aspx.

3) Economic Assets

Written by Beat Bilbao-Osorio, Regional Director for Latin America and The Caribbean, The
Economist Intelligence Unit (The EIU). Top 10 Most Competitive Countries: Latin America
and the Caribbean. World Economic Forum, 2 Apr. 2014,
www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/04/top-ten-most-competitive-countries-forum-latin-america-
2014/.

The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 14 Nov. 2017,
www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html.

Economic Infrastructure Investment Data Latin America and the Caribbean. Infralatam,
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Meyer, Amelia. Brazil.org.za. Brazil Infrastructure, 1 Jan. 2010, www.brazil.org.za/brazil-

infrastructure.html.

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www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Argentina-INFRASTRUCTURE-POWER-
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5 Nov. 2013, www.colombia-politics.com/infrastructure-2/.

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Opportunities.Infrastructure Intelligence, 18 Sept. 2016, www.infrastructure-
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4) Maps

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resources/.

Strande (author of the slide show), Haylie. www.emaze.com/@AWFWTLCL.

Khosla, Simran. Central America and The Caribbean [Exports]. GlobalPost, 14 May 2014,
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www.populationpyramid.net/.

6) Economic Issues
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latin-americas-economic-growth-outlook-says-imf/.

Denny, Elaine, and Barbara F Walter. Explaining High Murder Rates in Latin America: It's Not
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