CM1000ManualE Old

Sunrise Telecom, Broadband
CM 1000
Cable Modem Analyzer
MANUAL CONTENTS
CHAPTER I - G ENERAL INFORMATION
A general description of the CM1000 display, controls, con-

nectors and user interfaces.
Introduction .......................................................................10
Instrument Overview ........................................................11
Mainframe Connectors, Controls and Displays.................12
CM-1000 Keyboard Functions .........................................14
CHAPTER 2 - PREPARATION FOR USE
Instructions on unpacking, inspecting and preparing the

CM1000 for use.
Introduction .......................................................................16
Unpacking & Initial ..........................................................16
Shipment Contents ............................................................16
Charging Instructions ........................................................17
Power Requirements .........................................................17
Safety Precautions .............................................................17
Page 1
Model CM1000 Cable Modem System Analyzer
CHAPTER 3 - SETUP
Initial setup and a detailed look at the CM1000 setup parameters.
Getting Started ...............................................................................19

Power Up To Self Test Screen ..........................................19
Basic Screen Layout ..........................................................20
Main Menu ......................................................................................20
Cable Modem Analyzer.....................................................20
Digital Video Measurements ............................................21
Digital Level Measurements .............................................21
Stored Files .......................................................................21
Setup Overview ...............................................................................21

System Setup ....................................................................22
Channel Tables Setup .......................................................22
Digital Setup .....................................................................22
Cable Modem Setup .........................................................22
Limits Setup ......................................................................22
System (General) Setup Detail ......................................................23

Backlight Timer ................................................................23
Power Down Timer ...........................................................23
Time & Date .....................................................................23
Serial Port Settings ...........................................................23
Cable Modem Interface ....................................................23
Measurement Scale ............................................................24
Channel Table Setup ......................................................................24
Set Active Channel ..........................................................25
Page 2
Editing Channel Tables .....................................................25

Channel .................................................................25
Modulation Type ...................................................26
Video Carrier / Center Frequency .........................26
Offset .....................................................................26
Active (Yes/No) ....................................................26
Bandwidth..............................................................26
V/A ........................................................................26
V/A2 ......................................................................26
Invert Spectrum ....................................................27
Symbol Rate ………………………....................27
FEC Info …………………………… ..................27
Insert Channels ......................................................27
Delete Channels .....................................................27
5 CH Test ...............................................................27
Digital Setup ....................................................................................29

Constellation Samples ......................................................29
Log Errored Seconds ........................................................29
Log Severely Errored Seconds .........................................30
Auto-diagnosis Samples ...................................................30
Error Data Display ............................................................30
Cable Modem Setup .......................................................................31

Ranging Frequency ...........................................................31
Ranging Method ...............................................................32
Dwell On Ranging Frequency ...............................32
Start At Ranging Frequency .................................32
Range Entire Spectrum ………… .........................32
CMTS Receive Level ...........................................33
Page 3
Packet Delay ..........................................................33

Packet Size.............................................................33
Packet Address.......................................................33
MAC Address........................................................34
File Server Address................................................34
Throughput File Name ...........................................34
Save ........................................................................34
Setting Test Limits ............................................................35
Effects of limits on CM1000 ................................35
Cable Modem Location ........................................35
Other System Locations ........................................36
Return Pilot Generator.......................................................37
CHAPTER 4 - MEASUREMENTS
Cable Modem Analysis Mode .......................................................39
Cable Modem Range & Register ...................................................39
User Defined MAC Address..............................................41

Upstream Power Ranging .................................................41
IP Registration - DHCP ..................................................41
Time of Day request .........................................................42
TFTP File Transfer & Registration .................................42
Upstream Ranging Failure .................................................43
Cable Modem Analysis Screen .....................................................44

Downstream Test Results .................................................44
MER ..........................................................................44
BER ...........................................................................45
FEC (Pre & Post) ......................................................45
Page 4
Level .........................................................................46
Cable Modem Analysis Screen (Level II) ........................46
Upstream Test Results ......................................................46
Transmit Level ..........................................................46
BKER Block Error Rate ...........................................46
Lost Packets ..............................................................46
Upstream Signal Information ....................................47
Downstream Detail ...........................................................47
Constellation ..............................................................48
MER...............................................................49
PREBER ........................................................49
PSTBER.........................................................49
LEVEL ...........................................................50
ERRSEC / SEVSEC ......................................50
Auto Diagnostics ...........................................50
Reset ..............................................................50
Capture...........................................................50
Location .........................................................50
Zoom..............................................................50
Stats................................................................52
Equalizer ....................................................................54
Reset ..............................................................54
Capture...........................................................54
Location .........................................................55
Frequency Response..................................................55
IP Detail .....................................................................56
IP Address .....................................................56
Gateway Address ..........................................56
TFTP Server Address ...................................56
Page 5
TOD Server Address .....................................56

Ping Server Address .....................................56
IP Tests (Optional).....................................................57
Ping ...............................................................57
Trace Route....................................................59
Throughput ....................................................61
Upstream Detail Tests................................................61
Transmit Level ..............................................63
BKER Block Error Rate ...............................63
Step Attenuator..............................................63
Attenuation ..................................................63
Ping Time ......................................................63
Transmit Packets ...........................................64
Received Packets ...........................................64
Lost Packets ..................................................64
Reset BKER...................................................64
Stop BKER ....................................................64
Capture...........................................................64
DIGITAL VIDEO & DOWNSTREAM DETAIL .......................66
Digital Video Test Screen ...............................................67

Configuration Errors ..................................................67
Digital Video and Downstream Data Measurements ..68
Constellation .............................................................68
MER ..........................................................................68
PRE-BER ..................................................................69
PST-BER ..................................................................69
Level ........................................................................69
Errored /Severely Errored Seconds ..........................69
Page 6
Auto-Diagnostics ......................................................70
Constellation ZOOM mode ......................................70
DIGITAL LEVEL TEST MODE ..................................................73

Channels ............................................................................73
Locations............................................................................74
SLM Measurements (Option).........................................................75
1 CH Mode ........................................................................76
Dual Audio.................................................................76
Digital Carrier ............................................................78
CH / Freq. Tuning......................................................78
2 CH Mode ........................................................................78
CH1 / CH2 .................................................................79
Capture.......................................................................80
5 CH Mode ........................................................................80
dB / Div......................................................................81
Reference Level .........................................................81
Capture.......................................................................81
Restart ........................................................................81
Scan ....................................................................................81
M1 / M2.....................................................................82
Measure......................................................................82
Capture.......................................................................83
Detail..........................................................................83
STORED FILES .............................................................................86

NEXT SET.................................................................86
PREVIOUS SET ........................................................87
DISPLAYING captured data.....................................87
Page 7
ERASE and ERASE ALL .........................................87

RETURN PILOT GENERATOR (Optional) ...............................88
Pilot 1.........................................................................88
Output Level ..............................................................88
Duration .....................................................................88
Toggle Pilot 2 ...........................................................89
Dwell..........................................................................89
Start / Stop .................................................................89
CHAPTER 5 - SPECIFICATIONS..... 91
CHAPTER 6 - OPTIONS & ACC...... 95
CHAPTER 7 - MAINT. & SERVICE 96

Battery replacement ..........................................................96
GENERAL MAINTENANCE .......................................................97
Trouble Shooting .............................................................97
Flash Card Replacement ...................................................98
SERVICE .......................................................................................100
Returning Equipment .....................................................100
Contact Sunrise Telecom—Broadband Division ............100
Page 8
APPENDIX
Limits Criteria Defaults ...................................................102

Performance Comparisons...............................................103
Common QAM Impairments...........................................104
Channel Plans ..................................................................106
Contact Information.........................................................115
Page 9
CHAPTER 1
G ENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
The Hukk Model CM1000 Cable Modem System Analyzer is the
first portable instrument of it’s kind to test both upstream and
downstream DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Systems Interface Speci-
fication) paths in terms of
error rate, transmit level,
lost packets and cable mo-
dem power ranging and
registration. The DOC-
SIS specification provides
for high speed data com-
munications over HFC
(Hybrid Fiber Coax) sys-
tems.
The CM1000 mainframe

is light, portable and bat-
tery operated. It houses
the CM-1000-01 Cable
Modem Analyzer module
and has been designed as
a platform for future prod-
ucts. The CM-1000-01
will perform tests in any
DOCSIS compatible HFC
plant including HRC and
IRC.
The model CM1000-CE

carries the CE mark,
which designates the ap-
propriate model for EEC
operations and complies
with the EU directives.
Page 10
INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW
The Hukk Model CM1000 Mainframe Unit (Figure 1 Page 10)
houses the CM-1000-01 Cable Modem Analyzer plug-in. The
hand-held device features a full color display which indicates in-
strument status, signal identification, and measurement values.
The controls are pressure-sensitive keypad switches with tactile
feedback. A 75-ohm “F” connector accepts the RF input signal.
A female DB9 provides access to a computer serial interface con-
nection. The DC input accepts power from the supplied AC
adapter. The weatherized hard plastic case provides excellent pro-
tection from typical bumps and bangs in normal use. Back panel
access is provided for easy battery pack replacement and the sys-
tem flash memory card is readily accessible from the side panel of
the unit.
When installed in the mainframe, the CM-1000-01 plug-in module

provides cable modem system analysis capability in both the for-
ward and return systems of any DOCSIS compatible HFC net-
work. Passive measurement of downstream QAM signals can be
made including BER, Pre and Post FEC BER and digital signal
level. Active measurements can be also be obtained through the
built-in cable modem when a CMTS (Cable Modem Termination
System) is available on the HFC plant. When activated, the
CM1000 Cable Modem System Analyzer goes through the self
provisioning process with the CMTS and utilizes the IP protocol
stack to ping the router at the headend. Data from the return ping
process is used to determine the upstream BKER (Block Error
Rate), number of lost packets and the modem transmit level.
Note that this manual covers all of the CM1000 models and
its’ options. Not all features are available in all models. Only
CE models offer Annex A compatibility and have both a 6
MHZ and 8 MHz IF for EURO-DOCSIS. Only models with
the SLM option provide analog channel measurements.
Page 11
CM1000 MAINFRAME
1. I/O section
6. LED
Status
Lights 2. Slot for Plug-
In Module
5. Full Color
Display
3. Flash Memory
Card Slot
5. Keyboard 4. Battery Access

At Rear of Unit
FIGURE 1-1A
CM1000-01 MODULE
Warning: Do NOT Remove CM-1000-01
Module with Power ON!
9. USB 8. Ethernet 7. RF Input “F”

Serial Interface RJ-45 Connection Connector
(No Longer Provided)
FIGURE 1-1B
Page 12
MAINFRAME CONNECTORS, C ONTROLS AND DISPLAYS (FIGURE 1 -1A)

1. Mainframe I/O - The mainframe I/O section located at the
top of the unit, provides a female RS-232 9-pin connector (DB9)
for a serial computer interface. In addition, there is an external
power connection to accept power from the DC power adapter
provided with the unit.
2.Plug-In Module Slot - The plug-in module slot accepts the
CM1000-01 or other plug-in modules.
Warning! Do not remove or install a module with the
base unit powered on or connected to the system or other
equipment. Always turn unit off before removing or in-
stalling a module!
3. Flash memory slot - This slot located on the lower right hand
side of the unit houses the mainframes’ flash memory card. This
flash memory card is designed to further enhance the units ability
to accommodate future memory expansion/upgrades.
4. Battery Access - An access panel at the lower rear of the unit
provides for easy access to the user replaceable battery pack.
5. Full Color Display - The full color display provides clear eas-
ily discernable test and menu screens in both dark and full sunlight
conditions.
6. Status LED indicators— Seven LED indicators provide status
of downstream connection, upstream connection, link, Ethernet
connection, power and battery functions.
MODULE CONNECTORS (FIGURE 1 -1B)

7. RF Input “F” Connector - Connection to the Cable TV net-
work under test. Field replaceable.
8. Ethernet RJ-45 Connector - Connection to PC 10/100 Mbs
Ethernet network port.
9. USB Serial Interface - High speed serial interface on some
early models, but not included in current model.
Page 13
CM-1000 KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS

Function Keys F1 through F4 - Soft keys to perform various
tests and setups.
SETUP - Takes the user to the main setup screen. This screen
allows access to System Parameters, Channel Tables, Digital
Measurement parameters, Cable Modem Parameters and Limits.
MENU - The menu button brings the user to the main menu
screen. Choices are Cable Modem, Digital Video Measurements,
Digital Level Measurements or Stored Files.
STATUS - Displays current firmware revision, module type,
module firmware and MAC addresses of both the USB and
Ethernet port.
HISTORY - (Future Enhancement)
CONTRAST - Activates the up and down arrows to al-
low the user to raise or lower the screen contrast level.
BACKLIGHT - Turns the screen backlight on or off.
VOLUME - Activates the up/down arrows to allow the
user to raise or lower the volume.
ERR INJ - Intentionally injects an error into an outgoing packet
to allow a quick check of test integrity.
START/STOP - Used to start or stop testing functions.
LEFT ARROW - Moves cursor to the left.
UP ARROW - Moves cursor upward. Raises level of volume
and brightness when those functions are selected.
RIGHT ARROW - Moves cursor to the right.
DOWN ARROW - Moves cursor downward. Raises level of
volume and brightness when those functions are selected.
SHIFT - Activates second function on keys (gold lettering).
ESC - Returns user to previous screen or backs up one space in
the alphanumeric mode.
POWER - Turns unit on/off.
Page 14
FIGURE 1-2 CM1000 KEYPAD
FIGURE 1-3 STATUS DISPLAY
Page 15
CHAPTER 2
PREPARATION FOR USE
INTRODUCTION
Read this chapter to prepare the Hukk Model CM1000 Cable Mo-
dem System Analyzer for use. Follow the instructions for unpack-
ing and inspecting the CM1000. Compare the received items to
the packing list. Read all warnings and information on power re-
quirements. Follow the initial checkout procedure to verify that
the CM1000 is in good working order.
UNPACKING AND INITIA L INSPECTION

Inspect the shipping container when the CM1000 is received. If
the shipping container or shipping material is damaged, check the
contents of the shipment for completeness, and check the me-
chanical and electrical condition of the CM1000 and accessories.
Notify Hukk if the contents are incomplete, if there is mechanical
damage or defect, or if the CM1000 does not pass its internal self-
test procedure. If the shipping container is damaged, keep the
container and packing materials for inspection by the carrier, and
notify the carrier as well as Hukk.
SHIPMENT CONTENTS
The following equipment is supplied with each unit:
• CM1000 Cable Modem System Analyzer
• Operating Manual & Quick Start Guide
• AC Adapter/Charger
• Carry Strap
• Training CD
NOTE: THE CM1000 SCREEN SHIPS WITH A PROTECTIVE PLASTIC COVER .

T HIS COVER WILL EFFECT SCREEN READABILITY AND SHOULD BE RE-
MOVED WHEN UNPACKING THE UNIT .
Page 16
CHARGING INSTRUCTIONS
Charge the CM1000 before its first use for approximately 8 hours.
To avoid damaging the internal battery, optimize its life and guar-
antee a full charge in 6-8 hours, the following steps should be fol-
lowed:
• Let the CM1000 cool to room temperature before recharging.

• Turn the CM1000 OFF before plugging in the charger.
• Leave the CM1000 OFF while recharging.
• Always leave the charger connected whenever the CM1000 is
not in use.
Precaution: Do not charge the CM1000 while above room
temperature or with the unit turned ON. The internal
battery can become HOT, reducing its life and signifi-
cantly increasing the time required for full charging to
occur.
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Operate the Hukk Model CM1000 Cable Modem System Ana-
lyzer from its internal battery, the supplied external AC adapter or
the optional 12 VDC adaptor. The supplied AC adaptor is a uni-
versal adaptor which converts 100-240 VAC 50 Hz or 60 Hz to
18 VDC at 2.8A maximum. The AC adaptor can power the unit
for normal use. However, fast charging will take place only when
the unit is powered down before and during charging.
CAUTION: Do not attempt to use any other charger or
apply DC voltage in excess of 18 VDC.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Read and follow these safety precautions before connecting the
CM1000 to the cable plant.
CAUTION: Do not remove the module from the base unit
while it is connected to the cable plant or other equip-
ment.
Page 17
CAUTION: Do not exceed the rated input AC plant oper-

ating voltage maximum of 90V AC.
CAUTION: Do not remove the module from the base unit

or plug in another module while the CM1000 power is
turned on or the unit is connected to any other equip-
ment, damage to the electronic circuitry or shock hazard
may result.
NOTE: T HE CM-1000 IS WEATHER RESISTANT BUT NOT WATERPROOF

DURING NORMAL OPERATION.
CAUTION: The CM-1000 contains delicate electronic

circuitry. The chassis and case have been designed for
year-round, day-to-day field use, but severe mechanical
shocks and temperature extremes could degrade the op-
eration of the unit or damage it. Do not drop the
CM1000.
CAUTION: Do not allow moisture to enter the ventilation

holes on the plug-in module as this may result in damage
to the internal components of the unit or cause electrical
shock when connected to the cable plant.
CAUTION: Do not allow foreign material to clog or enter

the ventilation holes or to block the fan blades. Blocking
air flow or stalling the fan can cause overheating.
NOTE : ALWAYS FOLLOW THE PROCEEDURES OUTLINE IN THIS MANUAL

AND DO NOT ATTEMPT TO MODIFY THE CM1000 OR TO USE IN ANY MAN-
NER NOT INTENDED OR OUTLINED IN THIS MANUAL.
Page 18
CHAPTER 3 - SETUP
GETTING STARTED
POWER UP TO SELF TEST SCREEN

Press the POWER button. The green power LED will light as the
unit boots up and performs it’s self test. After about 10 seconds,
each of the status LEDs in the upper left portion of the instrument
will individually blink green and then red as the unit completes the
test process. The screen will display the following information:
Performing Self Test:
Software Rev: x.x x
Serial NVRAM Pass
Modem read/write Pass
Modem Reset Pass
Modem Serial Port Pass
You may not see the last reported “Pass” for the Modem serial
port, as the unit immediately goes to the main menu shown in Fig-
ure 3-1 when the test is complete and all criteria passes.
FIGURE 3-1
Page 19
Basic Screen Layout - The basic screen layout for the CM1000
remains consistent throughout the menus. The center of the screen
always displays the current command icons and test information.
The blue banner at the top of the screen provides current status
information for the module. The current screen name is shown on
the left side of the banner. In the center of the banner, the battery
status is displayed. A battery icon indicates the unit is on battery
power and an “ac plug” icon indicates the unit is externally pow-
ered. The gas gauge to the right of the power icon provides a rela-
tive indication of battery status. This gauge will say charging
when an external power source is connected and the unit is in
charge mode. On the right hand side of the banner the location
indicator that tells the user which set of “ test limits” are currently
in effect. At the bottom of the screen are the function indicators
which correspond with the F1 through F4 function keys.
MAIN MENU SCREEN DETAIL

The CM1000 is designed to be simple to operate. Any of the
menu choices may be selected by utilizing the left-right arrow
keys and pushing ENTER (F4). The four main menu choices are:
Cable Modem Analyzer - Selecting the Cable Modem

Analyzer mode by hitting ENTER (F4), will initiate an im-
mediate attempt at connection with a CMTS (Cable Modem
Termination System). If the MAC address is set to “USER
DEFINED” the user will be prompted to enter or ACCEPT
(F3) the currently programmed MAC address. If the MAC
address is set for ETHERNET MAC, the internal MAC ad-
dress is used and the CM1000 immediately attempts the
CMTS connection. If USER DEFINED is selected for the
MAC address, the user is prompted to enter a MAC address.
The internally programmed MAC address is displayed as the
default.
Although defaults are programmed into the CM-1000, you
may have to go through the Setup procedure in order to com-
plete a CMTS connection. See SETUP in the following sec-
tion or Operational details provided in Chapter 4 beginning
on page 32.
Page 20
Digital Video Measurements - Choosing Digital Video

Measurement mode allows the user to make digital measure-
ments on any downstream DOCSIS compatible 64 or 256
QAM signal. Operational details are provided in Chapter 4
beginning on page 49.
Digital Level Measurements - Selecting the Digital Level
Measurement mode gives the user the capability of measur-
ing the digital level of any digital carrier of known band-
width. Operational details are provided in Chapter 4 begin-
ning on page 49.
Stored Files - The Stored Files menu provides access to the data
files stored as a result of screen captures . Operational details are
provided in Chapter 4 beginning on page 58.
Return Pilot Generator - Optional feature providing a signal
source for testing the return path.
SET UP OVERVIEW
All Setup menus for the CM1000 can be accessed by depressing
the SETUP key located just below the F1 key on the keyboard.
The Main Setup screen is shown in Figure 3-2. Utilize the key-
board arrows to highlight the setup screen you wish to edit and
press ENTER (F4). This screen type is easily identified by the
Setup Menu label in the upper left-hand corner of the screen.
Return Pilot
Generator
Figure 3-2
Page 21
System Setup - Selecting the System Setup provides access to

general system functions such as backlight and power down tim-
ers, date/time settings and RS232 serial port setup. (Page 21)
Channel Tables Setup - Channel Tables setup allows the user to
modify one of three pre-set channel tables (Standard, IRC and
HRC) or create three additional custom channel tables. (Page 22)
Digital Setup - Digital Setup sets Constellation capture limits as
well as parameters for errored and severely errored seconds.
Auto-diagnosis samples and the error display type can also be set
in this screen. (Page 25).
Cable Modem Analyzer Setup - Selecting Cable Modem Ana-
lyzer Setup provides the user with some control of the ranging
process the cable modem goes through before the cable modem
registration takes place. (Page 27)
Limits Setup - Choosing limits setup allows the user to set
measurement limits for different locations in the cable system.
Alarms (indicated by red lettering) are turned on and off utilizing
the criteria set in these limit files. (Page 30).
Return Pilot Generator - Program the six frequencies to be used
in the return pilot generator mode.
FIGURE 3-3
Page 22
SYSTEM SETUP DETAIL

SYSTEM (General) - The (General) Unit Setup detail screen is
shown in Figure 3-3. This screen can be accessed at any time by
pushing the SETUP button on your CM1000 keypad, highlighting
the SYSTEM icon and pushing ENTER (F4).
The NEXT FIELD (F1) key allows the user to move forward
through the screen menu. The PREV SCREEN (F2) key allows
the user to move backward through the screen menu. The SAVE
key activates any changes that have been made and saves them to
system memory.
Backlight Timer - The backlight timer default is DISABLE.
When ENABLED, it will automatically turn off the backlight after
one minute of operation, if no keys are pressed. Press SAVE to
activate your choice and save the parameter to memory. Even with
the backlight timer Disabled, the CM1000 will automatically turn
the backlight off after 15 minutes if no keys are pressed.
Power Down Timer - The Power Down Timer default option is
ENABLE. This option will power the unit down after a 3 minute
period of inactivity. When disabled the unit will remained pow-
ered on until turned off manually utilizing the power button. Press
SAVE to activate your choice and save the parameter to memory.
Time & Date - The time and date on the CM1000 is set utilizing
the Unit Setup screen (Figure 3-3). The time and date are in the
format hh:mm:ss and mm, dd, yy. Simply use the NEXT FIELD
(F1) or the PREV FIELD (F2) keys to highlight the parameter you
would like to change and use the UP / DWN arrow keys to incre-
ment through the choices. The clock in the CM1000 is set in 24-
hr time. Press SAVE to activate your choice and save the parame-
ter to memory.
Serial Port Settings - The serial port speed settings may be set
by highlighting them, utilizing the NEXT FIELD (F1) or the
PREV FIELD (F2) keys and choosing the desired value by push-
ing the UP/DWN or LEFT/RIGHT arrow keys. Pressing SAVE
will activate your choice and save the parameter to memory.
Serial port speeds (baud rates) available are: 115,200 and
38,400.
Cable Modem Interface - The Cable Modem Interface is auto-
matically set for the Ethernet port.
Page 23
CHANNEL TABLE SETUP
The Channel Table Selection screen is shown in Figure 3-4.

This screen can be accessed at any time by pushing the SETUP
button on your CM1000 keypad, highlighting the CHANNEL
TABLE icon using the ARROW keys and pushing ENTER (F4).
Three US and 3 user programmable plans covering Cable TV des-
ignated channels are available, plus 9 International channel plans
on the CM1000CE. These include Standard, HRC and IRC plans,
plus Germany (PAL-B/G), China (PAL-D), UK (PAL-IHRC), Ja-
pan (NTSC-M), South Korea (NTSC-M), Hong Kong (PAL-I),
Taiwan (NTSC), Spain (PAL-B/G) and Poland (PAL-B/G). These
plans match many other countries, which are not listed here to
save space. A complete list of each channel plan is provided in the
Appendix. In addition to the channel tables, the user may select to
setup five favorite channel for the 5 CH (five channel) SLM test
mode and to set the Pilots for the SCAN mode. Pilots may be set
for both the Analog and Digital channels in order to make separate
P/V (peak to valley) and Tilt measurements.
Standard CM1000s offer only a 6 MHz IF bandwidth, while
CM1000CE models offer both a 6 MHz and 8 MHz IF and has
both Annex A and B capability.
.
FIGURE 3-4
Page 24
Select the Active Channel Plan - To make a channel table the

active table, select the CHANNEL TABLES icon, use the UP/
DOWN arrows to highlight the table you want active then press
the SET ACTIVE key (F1). The name of the active channel ap-
pears at the end of the list such as “ACTIVE: STANDARD” in the
example of figure 3-4. Whenever the active channel table is
changed or offsets are added, the ranging frequency in the
CABLE MODEM Setup must be reset accordingly.
FIGURE 3-5
Editing Channel Tables - From the Channel Table Edit Screen
(figure 3-4) , use the UP/DWN arrow keys to highlight the channel
table to be edited then press EDIT (F3). The screen shown in fig-
ure 3-5 will appear. Defaults for each channel plan establish the
initial channel parameters. The default table is provided in the Ap-
pendix. Pressing the NEXT FIELD (F1) or PREV FIELD (F2)
keys, allows the user to navigate through the list of parameters.
The UP/Down arrows allow you to scroll through the choice for
each parameter. Save (F3) activates the changes and saves them
to memory.
Channel - Channel number may be numeric or alphanu-
meric, depending on the channel plan. Hit SHIFT to enter
Alpha characters.
Video Freq. / Center Freq. - The Video carrier frequency if
the channel is set to any analog modulation type and denoted
Page 25
as the Center frequency of the channel for all Digital modu-

lation types. Note that Digital carriers are tuned and desig-
nated by the center frequency and not the frequency of the
typical video carrier for a channel.
Modulation - The type of modulation expected may be setup
by selecting from NTSC, PAL-B, PAL-B/G, PAL-D, PAL-
G, PAL-I, 64QAM or 256QAM, DVB64, DVB256, QPSK,
QPR and PSK.
Note: The default for channels above 550 MHz is 64 QAM.
Channel Bandwidths and data Symbol rates are automati-
cally adjusted for the most likely requirements based on the
modulation type.
Offset - Frequency offsets may be programmed on any chan-
nel in ± 62.5 kHz increments.
Active (Yes/No) - When ACTIVE YES is chosen the unit
allows measurements on that channel. ACTIVE NO causes
the channel to be skipped when using the ARROW keys or
any automatic Scan modes for channel selection. All chan-
nels remain available in the channel mode when they are en-
tered via the alphanumeric keys. Active YES or NO may
also be set automatically by using the CHANNEL SCAN
mode in SETUP.
Bandwidth - Sets the channels total allocated bandwidth.
Defaults are set according to the channel table and modula-
tion type as shown in the Appendix. Use the Arrow keys to
increment through the possible selections to change the
bandwidth. The CM1000 has a maximum of 6 MHz and the
CM1000CE provide up to 8 MHz.
V/A - Video to Audio separation based on the type of modu-
lation and channel plan selected. The user may select the V/
A field and sequence through the possible selections of 4.5,
5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 MHz. The V/A sets the frequency for the
primary audio carrier. Only applicable with the SLM option.
V/A2 - Video to second Audio separation based on the type
of modulation and channel plan selected. The user may se-
lect the V/A field and sequence through the possible selec-
tions of 5.742, 5.850, 6.552 and 6.742 MHz or hit SHIFT
and enter another frequency offset.. The V/A2 sets the fre-
Page 26
quency for the secondary audio carrier. Measured only in the

single channel measurement mode. Only applicable with the
SLM option.
Invert Spectrum - INVERT SPECTRUM YES inverts the
spectrum of the demodulated RF signal.
Symbol Rate - The symbol rate for the signal being
tested. These are set automatically for both 64 and 256
QAM (5.056941 MHz for 64QAM and 5.360537 MHz for
64QAM in a 6 MHZ bandwidth and 6.95200 MHz for 64 and
256 QAM in an 8 MHz bandwidth). The user may use the
alphanumeric keys to change the default rate to any other
data rate.
Use FEC info - When this parameter is set to NO, the for
ward error correction information is ignored. This setting can
be used for locking on Non-DOCSIS proprietary signals. The
default setting is Yes for all Digital channels and N/A for
Analog channels.
The MORE key offers the user additional functions: INSERT, DE-
LETE, (blank) and MORE.
Insert - Insert (F1) provides the user with an editable ver-
sion of the screen shown in Figure 3-5. The user may enter
new channels using the ARROW keys or the SHIFT and al-
phanumeric keys followed by ENTER.
Delete - Delete (F2) immediately deletes the currently dis-
played channel.
Preset - The Preset (F3) key provides a screen to enter the
channels which will be used for the 5 Channel test mode.
More - More (F4) wraps back to the original menu.
To change a channel’s allocated frequency, the user must
delete the channel and edit it back into the channel plan us-
ing the Insert function.
Whenever the active channel table is changed or offsets are
added, the ranging frequency in the CABLE MODEM Setup
must be reset accordingly.
5 CH Test - The Presets for the 5 CH Test are user programmable
and setup in the Channel Setup screen. Press the Setup key, select
the Channel Table icon, select the channel table, press More and
Page 27
press Presets (F3) to view the screen shown in figure 3-6 and enter
the 5 Preset Channels.
Setup the five channels to be used in the 5 CH Test. Five carrier
levels may be displayed simultaneously along with the Tilt
(difference between the highest and lowest channel’s level). Only
applicable with the SLM option.
FIGURE 3-6
As shown in figure 3-6, the active Channel Table is displayed, fol-

lowed by the 5 Presets to be used in the 5 channel test. Press Next
Field (F1) or Prev Field (F2) to sequence through the Presets 1
through 6; each is highlighted when it is selected. The current
channel may be changed by pressing the Up or Down arrow keys.
When the desired channel is displayed in the Preset field, go to the
next Preset using the Next Field (F1) key or to the previous Preset
using the Prev Field (F2) key. The frequency and Modulation
Type are displayed for information only and are not editable in
this screen. Frequency and Modulation type are setup in the previ-
ous Channel Setup screen shown in figure 3-5.
When all of the desired Preset channels are displayed be sure to
save the setup by pressing the Save (F3) key. Exit will take you
back to the main setup menu.
Page 28
DIGITAL SETUP
The Digital Setup detail screen is shown in Figure 3-8. This

screen can be accessed at any time by pushing the SETUP button
on your CM1000 keypad, high lighting the DIGITAL icon using
the ARROW keys and pushing ENTER (F4). This screen allows
the user to set parameters for the digital test mode as shown in
figure 3-8.
FIGURE 3-8
Constellation Samples - This parameter sets the number of

samples a constellation test will take before re-setting itself
and creating a new constellation. To change this parameter,
highlight it utilizing the NEXT FIELD (F1) or PREV
FIELD (F2) keys then increment or decrement the number of
samples using the UP/DOWN arrows. The number of sam-
ples will change in 1000 sample increments from 1,000 to
30,000. In addition one of the selections is DWEL. Dwell
indicates continuous sampling, where the constellation will
not reset unless it is manually reset.
Log Errored Seconds - This parameter determines whether
Page 29
or not occurrences of errored seconds will be logged to the

data log. The default for this is NO. An errored second is
defined as any second in which an error occurs. If changed
to YES, a data log entry will be made each time an errored
second occurs.
Log Severely Errored Seconds - When set to YES, any
time a severely errored second occurs an entry will be writ-
ten to the data log. The default is YES. A severely errored
second is defined as any second in which an error occurs that
cannot be corrected by the FEC (Forward Error Correction).
Auto-diag Samples - This parameter sets the number of
samples taken when utilizing the auto-diagnostic mode. The
default for this parameter is 50, but it can be set anywhere
from 50 to 250 in increments of 50 samples. A higher sam-
ple rate value allows a more accurate diagnosis, but will take
longer to process.
Error Data Display - This parameter controls the way er-
rors are displayed. The default is ERR SECONDS. An er-
rored second is defined as any second in which an error oc-
curs. A severely errored second is defined as any second in
which a non-corrected error occurs (Not corrected by FEC).
The alternative choice is ESR/SESR. ESR/SESR (Errored
second rate/severely errored second rate) expresses the er-
rored seconds and severely errored seconds versus total
elapsed time in seconds as a percentage. If ESR/SESR is
selected an additional screen is added to the Cable Modem
Constellation display that provides detailed information on
the downstream signals including ESR and SESR.
Errored Seconds
ESR = ————————— X 100%
Elapsed Test Seconds
Severely Errored Seconds

SESR= —————————— X 100%
Elapsed Test Seconds
Page 30
CABLE MODEM SETUP
The Cable Modem Setup detail screen is shown in Figure 3-9.

This screen can be accessed at any time by pushing the SETUP
button on your CM1000 keypad, highlighting the CABLE MO-
DEM icon using the ARROW keys and pushing ENTER (F4).
This screen allows the user to set parameters for the CABLE M O-
DEM test mode.
FIGURE 3-9
To navigate through the Cable Modem setup screen utilize the

NEXT FIELD (F1) and PREV FIELD (F2) keys to highlight the
parameter you wish to change. Changes are made using the right
and left arrow keys on the keyboard. Always save your changes
by hitting the SAVE (F3) key.
Ranging Channel - The Ranging Channel parameter in-

structs the unit where to look in the downstream system for a
CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System). The channel
must be selected for the active channels in the currently ac-
tive channel table. This should normally be set to your low-
est DOCSIS CMTS downstream frequency in order to help
Page 31
minimize connection time. The ranging frequency is shown for

reference only and is displayed acordign to the currently active
channel table. Whenever the active channel plan is changed
(Standard, HRC, IRC or custom), or offsets added, the
ranging Channel should be reset.
Ranging Method - The Ranging Method parameter designates
how your CM1000 will go about finding a DOCSIS CMTS. The
choices are as follows:
Dwell on Ranging Frequency - This is the normal mode of

operation for the CM1000 and will minimize connection
time. This setting is recommended when you have only one
specific DOCSIS CMTS downstream frequency you are in-
terested in. The unit will try to connect to the CMTS on the
frequency specified in the Ranging Frequency window only.
No other searches will be performed.
Start at Ranging Frequency - When selected, this pa-
rameter starts the search at the selected ranging frequency.
The default is 550 MHz. This frequency is normally set at
the lowest downstream DOCSIS CMTS frequency.
Range Entire Spectrum - When selected this method will
begin a search for a downstream QAM at 93 MHz and search
the entire spectrum in 375 kHz until a DOCSIS downstream
QAM is found. This method is time consuming and the
least desirable of the three ranging choices. To minimize
connection time, it is recommended that one of the other
available ranging methods described here be utilized.
If the CM1000 will not range with the CMTS using one of the
above methods, try using the Digital Video Mode to test the
downstream signals.
If the wrong downstream is selected, the CM1000 will not

be able to range with the CMTS.
IF the Upstream channel, dictate d in the UCD from the
CMTS, is not available at the connection point, the
CM1000 will not be able to range with the CMTS.
Page 32
FIGURE 3-10
While all downstream signals are typically present through-
out the network, upstream channel access is typically lim-
ited to a few nodes, since the upstream is broken oin to
many segments to alleviate noise and ingress issues.
CMTS Receive Level - This parameter is used when the DOC-

SIS CMTS is using an expected receive level other than 0
dBmv. The default receive level for a CMTS is set at 0 dBmv
and most CMTS manufacturers recommend that this level be
maintained. In rare circumstances where this is not the case, this
parameter can be changed to match the CMTS.
Packet Delay - 0 to 500 mSec selectable in 20 mSec incre-
ments. This is the time between data packets being sent back to
the CMTS router for BKER measurements. The default is 20
mSec.
Packet Size - Sets the size of the test packets sent to the CMTS
router for BKER testing. Use the ARROW keys to select from
256, 512, 768 or 1024. The default is 0000.
Ping Address - Enter the server address to send data from the
CM1000 to any IP address for BKER tests (the server will send
back the same data). Use the ARROW keys to ni crement
through each setting. The default address 000-000-000-000
Page 33
specifies the default router.

MAC Address - Select either “USER DEFINED” or
“ETHERNET MAC” using the arrow keys. If ETHERNET
MAC is selected, the CM1000 will attempt to connect to the
CMTS using it’s own internal MAC address. This address must
be entered into the CMTS by the network administrator prior to
registering on the network. If USER DEFINED is selected, the
user will be prompted to enter a user defined address or accept
the internal ETHERNET MAC address at the beginning of the
CABLE MODEM test screen. The internally programmed
MAC address is stored in memory and used as the default if the
user does not enter a custom address. A custom address is only
stored until the CM1000 is turned off.
File Server Address - (Only operational if the Throughput op-

tion is installed). Throughput allows the user to measure the
Downstream data transfer rate of the network by downloading a
file from this address.
Throughput File Name - (Only operational if the Throughput

option is installed). Enter the name of the file to be downloaded
from the HTTP Server in order to measure the downstream
throughput data rate. Use the alphanumeric key to enter the
name followed by Enter. Be sure to save the information befor
exiting. Any HTTP file may be used that is present at the file
server address. File contents are ignored. An HTTP server can
be added to your DHCP server if one is not already available.
Many server applications are available, including FREE share-
ware such as SlimServe HTTPdv1.0 by WhitSoft; which can be
downloaded from zdnet.com and installed on your server. Sim-
ply place the test file in the same root directory as the installed
server application. Use any file of sufficient length to provide
the desired test time for the Throughput test. At 1MB the data
rate is approximately 125,000 bytes per second, therefore a 1MB
file would transfer in about 8 seconds. Any existing file may be
used or you can create a simple text file.
SAVE - Always save changes by hitting the SAVE (F3) key.
Page 34
SETTING TEST LIMITS
FIGURE 3-11
The CM1000 allows the operator to set “limits” for various test re-
sults in the HFC network depending on the location in the system
where the tests are to be made. Figure 3-11 shows the LIMITS setup
screen. To set up limits for a specific location type, highlight the
location using the ARROW keys and press ENTER (F4).
Effects of limits on the CM1000 operation - By setting limits for

the various locations, the operator is able to get a quick indication of a
failed parameter. While operating the unit, all values shown on the
active test screen will automatically be checked for compliance based
on the limits set in the limits setup screen. If a test result falls within
the limits set, the value will appear in GREEN. If a test result falls
outside the bounds of the limits, the value will appear in RED.
Proper setting of these limits simplifies the units’ operation for less
experienced technicians and enhances their ability to troubleshoot ca-
ble modem problems. Limits are established for both the Analog and
Digital channels on the network at each location.
Cable Mode m (end of drop) - To set the limits for a Cable Modem
(end of drop) location: Highlight the LIMITS icon from the SETUP
MENU (Fig. 3-2) and press ENTER (F4). Highlight CABLE MO-
Page 35
DEM using the ARROW keys and press ENTER (F4). The Cable
Modem Location Digital Limits screen as shown in Figure 3-12
will appear.
FIGURE 3-12
The suggested limits for the Cable Modem location are pre-set.
However, it is possible to change these limits to better suit your
system’s needs. To do so, simply highlight the limit parameter
you would like to change utilizing the NEXT FIELD (F1) or
PREV FIELD (F2) keys then increment or decrement those values
with the UP/DWN or LEFT/RIGHT arrows. Pressing Analog (F4)
will open the Cable Modem Location Analog Limits screen as
shown in figure 3-13.
The user may edit the Analog Limits for the Cable Modem loca-
tion using F1 And F2 to select the fields to be edited and using
the arrow keys to change the Limits criteria.
SAVE YOUR CHANGES - As is the case with any parameter
changes in the CM1000, ALWAYS SAVE YOUR WORK by
pressing SAVE (F3).
Other Locations - Limits can be set for other locations such as
ground block, tap, node, headend and end of line by following the
same steps described for the Cable Modem limits; simply select
another location from the LIMITS menu shown in figure 3-11..
Page 36
FIGURE 3-13
RETURN PILOT GENERTATOR (OPTIONAL )

The Return Pilot Generator option provides the user with a select-
able return band test signal, which may be injected into the return
system for measuring loss or gain, leakage. A toggle mode pro-
vides two alternating signals for frequency response / balance
measurements / adjustments.
Return Pilot Setup E F Return Frequencies

Pilot Generator Channels
1. xxx.xxx MHz
2. xxx.xxx MHz
3. xxx.xxx MHz
4. xxx.xxx MHz
5. xxx.xxx MHz
6. xxx.xxx MHz
Use Next/Prev to Highlight & Keypad to Enter
Next Field Prev Field Save Exit
FIGURE 3-14
Page 37
When the Return Pilot Generator icon is selected form the Main
Setup Menu, the user is provided with the ability to enter 6 pro-
grammable return pilot frequencies which will be used in the return
pilot generator mode.
The NEXT FIELD (F1) key allows the user to move forward
through the list. The PREV FIELD (F2) key allows the user to
move backward through the list. Enter the desired frequencies using
the alphanumeric keypad. The SAVE key activates any changes
that have been made and saves them to system me mory.
Page 38
CHAPTER 4 - MEASUREMENTS
CABLE MODEM ANALYSIS MODE
CABLE MODEM RANGE & REGISTER

The Cable Modem System Analysis mode can be activated from
the Main Menu of the CM1000. This menu is shown below
(Figure 4-1). Press the MENU key at any time during operation
and the unit will return to the Main Menu screen.
FIGURE 4-1
Before attempting to connect to a DOCSIS CMTS, con-
tact the network administrator to have the CM1000 MAC
address registered on the network. You may view the
MAC address at any time by pressing the STATUS but-
ton. Or you may program an existing MAC address into
you CM1000 if it is set up for USER DEFINED in the
MAC ADDRESS section of the Cable Modem SETUP
screen. See Cable Modem Setup. Using the LEFT/
RIGHT or UP/Down Arrow keys, highlight the CABLE
MODEM icon and press ENTER (F4). The screen
shown in Figure 4-2 will appear if you are using the i n-
Page 39
ternal ETHERNET MAC address .
FIGURE 4-2
User Defined MAC Address - If the CM1000 is setup for a
USER DEFINED MAC address the screen shown in figure 4-3
will be shown prior to the CONNECTING screen in figure 4-2.
FIGURE 4-3
Page 40
At this screen the user should enter the MAC address for the CMTS
on which he is working and press the ACCEPT(F3) key or accept the
internal MAC address by just pressing the F3 ACCEPT function key.
Searching for Downstream QAM - When the CABLE MODEM
icon on the main menu is highlighted and ENTER (F4) is pressed, the
CM1000 internal cable modem resets and begins searching for a
downstream DOCSIS QAM signal as shown in figure 4-4. The search
is based on the setup parameters for ranging frequency and method.
Proper setting of these parameters will enhance the speed of the regis-
tration process.
FIGURE 4-4
Upstream Power Ranging - Once the CM1000 has found a DOC-
SIS Downstream CMTS, it utilizes broadcast information from the
CMTS to determine the proper upstream frequency and channel
(port); and begins the upstream ranging process. The CM1000 nego-
tiates a power level with the CMTS and receives information on tim-
ing offsets from the CMTS. If the upstream fails, it is typically be-
cause the node that you are connecting from is not connected to the
upstream associated with the downstream channel that you attemp t-
ing to range with.
IP Registration—DHCP - Once Upstream Power Ranging is com-

plete, the CM1000 requests an IP address from the DHCP server.
Page 41
Most cable modem networks will not allow IP registration for a

modem that does not have a pre-registered MAC address.
Before attempting to connect to a DOCSIS CMTS, it is
best to contact the network administrator and have the
CM1000 MAC address registered on the network or to get
an address (s), which may be user programmed. You may
view your unit’s MAC address at any time by pressing the
STATUS button on the front panel of the unit. See the
SETUP procedures to program your own MAC address.
FIGURE 4-5
Time Of Day - Once the CM1000 has obtained an IP address
from the DHCP server, the unit will request a TOD file from the
TOD file server. This information is not a requirement to com-
plete registration, but the information is recorded if a TOD server
is available. If no server is available, the CM1000 moves on to
the TFTP file transfer.
TFTP File Transfer & Registration - The last step in the regis-
tration process is the receipt of the TFTP (Trivial File Transfer
Protocol) file and final registration with the CMTS. This process
often occurs in a matter of a few seconds.
Ranging & Registration complete - With the completion of the
ranging and regis tration process, the screen shown in figure 4-6
will appear.
Page 42
FIGURE 4-6 (LEVEL I)
UPSTREAM FAILURE SCREEN

If the upstream ranging and registration process fails the user will
be presented with the screen shown in figure 4-7, which provides
the point in the process where the upstream failed and the avail-
able downstream information.
FIGURE 4-7
Page 43
The Upstream Fail screen offers the user the functions Downstream,
Capture and Retry. This screen is only displayed when the upstream
connection fails with the CMTS. Measurements can still be made on
the downstream digital signal.
Downstream - links back to the same downstream tests that pro-
vided under the Modem Test screen shown in figure 4-6 and de-
scribed in detail in the following section.
Retry - Restarts the Range and Register process to attempt to
connect to the CMTS.
Capture - Saves the current Upstream Fail screen to memory
and prompts the user to enter a site name for the file.
Next CH - Restarts the Range and Register process using the
next available channel according to the Cable Modem Setup,
Ranging Method to attempt to connect to the CMTS.
CABLE MODEM SYSTEM ANALYSIS SCREEN

The Cable Modem Analysis screen (Level I) shows the results of
both the downstream and upstream tests. The top of the Cable Mo-
dem Analysis screen provides basic information on the status of the
unit including screen name, charging status and location designators
(see Setting Test Limits). Pressing the (F4) MORE button from this
screen will bring up the Level II analysis screen Figure 4-8.
Pressing the MORE key offers the same information plus additional
function keys: IP DETAIL, optional IP TESTS, LOCATION and
MORE. See the detailed explanation of these tests later in this sec-
tion. More wraps back around to the original screen.
Downstream Test Results— The downstream test results appear
along the left hand side of both the Level I and Level II Cable Modem
Analysis screens. Included in these results are:
MER - MER (Modulation Error Ratio) is the digital equiva-

lent of signal to noise and is the measurement of the demodu-
lated digital signal in the noise of it’s environment. This meas-
urement is based on constellation statistics and is the ratio of
where the data actually plots on the constellation to the ideal
center of the constellation decision window. A full constellation
display is available on the downstream detail screen.
Page 44
MODEM E F Loc: Cable Modem

DOWNSTREAM UPSTREAM
MER >35 TX 16.5
dB Level dBmV
PRE0.0E-0
BER PST 2.1E-9
BkER 0.0E-0
+22.7 Lost
Level 0000
dBmV Packs
Freq: 747.00 MHz Freq: 11.98 Mhz
CH: 116 Mod: 256-QAM Mod: QPSK
Location More
FIGURE 4-8 (LEVEL II)
BER/FEC results - Just below the MER reading on the

downstream portion of the cable modem test result screen is
the BER (bit error rate). The signals from the CMTS are de-
modulated and the Reed/Solomon error correction codes are
analyzed . The results are displayed in scientific notation
making the last number the most significant in terms of data
quality. A BER of 0.0E-0 would indicate zero errors. A
BER of 2.3E-9 would indicate 2.3 errors in one billion bits
and would be considered excellent. 1.0E-6 would be mar-
ginal and 1.0E-5 would be considered poor or failing.
PRE - The PRE or Pre-FEC bit error rate is an indica-

tion of the errors occurring before the FEC (Forward
Error Correction) has been applied to the signal. This
gives the error rate of the uncorrected raw data.
PST - The PST or Post-FEC bit error rate is an indi-

cation of how many uncorrected errors remain in the
data stream after the forward error correction has been
applied. While digital video can sometimes survive
post-FEC errors, cable modems are much less tolerant
Page 45
and retransmissions will occur. Retransmissions will

result in poor data throughput (slow surfing). To en-
sure data throughput speed, no retransmissions
should occur, be sure there are never any Post FEC
errors in a DOCSIS downstream signal.
LEVEL - Directly below the BER is the Digital Level

measurement. Most cable modems are expecting a
level between level between –15 and +15 dBmv per
DOCSIS standards with a 0 dBmv input being ideal.
Downstream QAM information - At the bottom of

the center section of the screen the downstream fre-
quency, number and modulation format are displayed.
UPSTREAM Test Results— The Upstream test results ap-

pear along the right hand side of the screen. Included in
these results are:
Transmit Level - This shows the actual transmit

level of the modem after the ranging process. This
measurement tells the user the transmit level mandated
by the CMTS. The minimum transmit level is +8
dBmv and the maximum is +58 dBmv.
BKER - Located just below the Transmit Level meas-
urement, the BKER (Block Error Rate) is displayed.
In taking this measurement, the CM1000 pings the
CMTS router and records lost packets and calculates
the rate of lost packets as compared to the total number
of packets sent.
Lost Packets - The Lost Packet result is a cumulative

count of packets lost during the current test. While the
BKER provides information for the average of the en-
tire test period, the lost packets results window can be
used to monitor for intermittent error bursts.
Page 46
Upstream Signal Information - Information on the up-

stream return signal is provided just below the Transmit
Level/BKER/Lost Packet information. The display shows
the current upstream transmit frequency and modulation
format.
FIGURE 4-9
Downstream Detail - Pressing the DOWNSTREAM (F1) Func-

tion key from the Cable Modem Test screen, figure 4-9, will take
the user to the Downstream Detail screen (Figure 4-10). The
downstream detail drops the UPSTREAM information and pro-
vides a graphical display of the downstream numeric information.
Bar graphs, shown in figure 4-10, provide and easy to interpret
display.
Page 47
Level, MER, Pre -BER and Post BER are displayed graphically on
automatically ranged scales with yellow boxes indicating the ac-
ceptable measurements, based on the criteria input to the Limits
screen. This downstream Detail screen, shown in figure 4-10, pro-
vides a quick assurance that key downstream measurements are
within the established ranges. When measurements are outside of
the Limits criteria, the bars will be displayed RED, rather than
normal color.
FIGURE 4-10
Function keys provide additional detail for analyzing any unsatis-

factory measurements. Additional analysis tools include: Constel-
lation, Frequency response and Equalizer stress.
Limits for these parameters are entered or edited in the Limits
screen located on the main Setup Menu.
Constellation - Pressing the DOWNSTREAM (F1) Function
key from the Downstream Modem Test screen will take the
user to the Downstream Detail screen shown in figure 4-11.
The downstream detail drops the UPSTREAM information
and adds a constellation display, errored and severely errored
seconds and an auto diagnosis of constellation impairments.
Page 48
FIGURE 4-11
Constellation Display - The constellation for the signal under test
will appear on the left portion of the screen. The Constellation is a
graphic display of a QAM modulated digital signal. It can be used
to view impairments in a network whether they come from noise,
interfering signals, distortion, or irregular frequency translation
(phase distortion). The shape of the constellation can provide many
clues to the condition of the QAM signal. Examples of constella-
tion displays with typical impairments is provided in the Appendix.
MER - On the right hand side of the Digital Video Screen, are the
test measurement results including MER. MER (Modulation Error
Ratio) is the digital equivalent of signal to noise and is the meas-
urement of the demodulated digital signal in the noise of it’s envi-
ronment. This measurement is based on constellation statistics and
is the ratio of where the data actually plots on the constellation to
the ideal center of the constellation decision window. A minimum
of 24 dB MER is needed for 64QAM, 30 dB for 256QAM.
PREBER - The PREBER (Pre-FEC Bit Error Rate) is the error

rate of the incoming signal prior to being corrected by the FEC
(Forward Error Correction) circuitry in the CM1000. A minimum of
1.0 E-7 should be expected, although FEC may be able to correct
errors as high as 1.0 E-6
Page 49
PSTBER - The PSTBER (Post-FEC Bit Error Rate) is the error

rate of the signal after the FEC has resolved and corrected all of the
errors it can. Any errors not corrected by the FEC will impair
DOCSIS transmissions and decrease throughput. 1.0 E-9 is typical
performance although any errors <1.0 E-0 will reduce the data
transfer rate.
LEVEL - This gives the level of the digital signal under test
(average power level). –15 dBmV to +15 dBmV according to DOC-
SIS specifications. Lower levels may result in poor MER.
ERRSEC- The number of errored seconds which have occurred

during the duration of the test prior to correction by FEC. The total
Elapsed time since the test was initiated is also displayed below the
Constellation.
SEVSEC - The number of severely errored seconds which have

occurred since the beginning of the test which were not correctable
by FEC.
AUTO DIAGNOSIS - All downstream detail screens including

the Cable Modem downstream, contain an auto-diagnosis function
as seen in Figure 4-11. This patent pending function will automati-
cally diagnose QAM impairments and report them in the DIAGNO-
SIS window (lower portion of the screen). The CM1000 will auto-
diagnose impairments including phase noise, coherent disturbances,
intermittent interference (&laser clipping) and compression.
In addition the user is offered the following function keys at the

bottom of the display: RESET, CAPTURE, LOCATION, MORE.
Reset - Reinitializes the calculations of BER test measure-

ments and resets the ERRSEC and SEVSEC counters to
zero; and restarts the Elapsed time display.
Capture - Presents the user with a data entry window for a
Site Name to label the current screen , which will be stored
in the data log (STORED FILES).
Location - Offers the user the ability to select from the list
of standard system location. This also changes the “Limits”
Page 50
criteria, which is associated with the new location type.
More - More offers additional function selections, including:

EQUALIZER, FREQ RESP, ZOOM, STATS and MORE as
shown in figure 4-10. The Zoom function can be used to “zoom”
in on any quadrant of the constellation display. See Digital Test-
ing in section 5-6 for details on using the Zoom feature.
ZOOM MODE - In some cases, it is desirable to get a closer look

at the individual constellation clusters. From the Constellation Screen
press MORE (F4) and ZOOM (F3) as shown in figure 4-12.
FIGURE 4-12
One quadrant of the constellation will be highlighted. Use
the Up/Down and Left/Right arrows to choose the quadrant
you would like to zoom in on.
Page 51
FIGURE 4-13
Zoom+ - At this point, the ZOOM key has been changed to
ZOOM +. Hitting ZOOM + will change the screen to show
only the quadrant of interest. The ZOOM + key then be-
comes (ZOOM - ) as shown in figure 4-13.
Zoom— - The (ZOOM — ) key will take the user back to
either the Downstream Detail Level I screen.
If the ESR/ESSR mode was selected in the Cable Modem Setup

screen , pressing More will provide a function Stats.
Stats - Stats is only available if the Error Data Display in

the Digital Setup screen is set to ESR/ SESR. Stats, as
shown in figure 14, provides additional detail about the
downstream signal by replacing the Constellation display
with: Elapsed Time, Available Time, Unavailable Time, Er-
rored Seconds Ratio and Severely Errored Seconds Ratio.
Page 52
FIGURE 4-14
Elapsed Time - The time that has expired since the test was ini-
tiated.
Available Time - The Elapsed time minus the Unavailable
Time..
Unavailable Time - A count of all the unavailability second
since the beginning of the test. An unavailable second is any sec-
ond with a loss of signal. Unavailable seconds are also counted
at the onset of 10 consecutive severely errored seconds. Once an
unavailable second has been declared, the following seconds
continue to be counted as unavailable until the service is de-
clared to be available again. Service becomes available at onset
of 10 consecutive available non-severely errored seconds
.ERR Sec Ratio - The ratio of the number of errored seconds to
the Available Time.
Sev Sec Ratio - The ratio of the number of severely errored sec-
onds (not fixed by FEC) to the Available Time.
The right side of the screen continues to display the MER,

PREBER, PSTBER, LEVEL, ERRSEC and SEVSEC.
Page 53
FIGURE 4-15
Equalizer - The equalizer function (F1) provides a similar dis-
play with an adaptive equalizer stress display in place of the
constellation display as shown in figure 4-15. Each bar in the
graph represents 200 nSec. The tallest bar represents the zero
tap. Other bars should remain below the “ramp” indicated in the
display. Bars too close to the “ramp” indicate that the adaptive
equalizer is overworked and may not provide sufficient compen-
sation with slight system deterioration. The adaptive equalizer
compensates for reflections in the drop / network. Unusually
high bars indicate faults which can be located by calculating the
distance to the problem using the formula D=rt. Where, r is the
speed of the signal in the coax or 300 M/µsec or 975’/uSec
(speed of light) X VOP (velocity of propagation) and t is the
time .2 uSec (delay). Thus, the distance would be D=60m (195’)
x number of bars x coax VOP (typically .85 for newer drop ca-
ble). Or D = 51M or 166 ft. per bar.
In the EQUALIZER mode the user is offered additional functions: RE-
SET, CAPTURE, LOCATION and MORE.
Reset - Reinitializes the calculations of BER test measurements

and resets the ERRSEC and SEVSEC counters to zero.
Capture - Presents the user with a data entry window for a Site
Page 54
Name to label the current screen , which will be stored in the

data log (STORED FILES).
of standard system location. This also changes the “Limits"
More - More wraps back around to the original menu.

Pressing the ESC key will take the user back to the initial
CABLE MODEM test screen.
FIGURE 4-16
Freq Resp - If Frequency Response (F2) is selected from

the Down Stream (MORE) menu, the constellation display is
replaced by an “in channel” frequency response display.
This display provides a frequency spectrum of ±2.5 MHz
(total of 5 MHZ) with a vertical range of + and - 10 dB. The
Frequency Spectrum screen is shown in figure 4-16.
The additional function keys: RESET, CAPTURE, LOCATION

and MORE. Provide the same features as in the Equalizer functions.
Page 55
MORE - More provides the additional functions: IP Detail, IP Tests,

Location and More, which wraps back around to the original Modem
test functions..
Capture
FIGURE 4-17
IP DETAIL - The IP Detail (F1) will provide a screen with the

IP (Internet Protocol) Detail as shown in figure 4-17. The detail
information includes:
IP Address - This field shows the IP (internet protocol)
address which the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) server has assigned to the CM1000 during the
registration process.
Gateway Address - This is the IP (internet protocol) ad-
dress of the gateway router associated with the CMTS.
TFTP Server Address - The TFTP (Trivial File Transfer
Protocol) server address is the IP (Internet Protocol) ad-
dress of the server that sent the TFTP configuration file to
the CM1000.
TOD Server Address - This field shows the IP (Internet
Protocol) address of the server that provided the TOD
(Time of Day) information to the CM1000.
Ping Server Address - This is the server address which is
currently being used for the Ping operation, as entered in
Page 56
the Cable Modem Setup procedure.

DHCP Server - The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) server which assigns the IP address.
TFTP File - The TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
configuration file name.
IP TEST Menu Loc: Cable Modem
CM-1000
PING Trace/Route Throughput
FIGURE 4-18
IP TESTS (O PTION)
Three options are available to expand the standard IP tests provided in
the CM1000: Ping, Trace Route and Throughput. These are provided
as the F2 function key IP Tests in the second Cable Modem test
screen shown in figure 4-7. When IP Tests (F2) is selected the user is
presented with the optional Icon screen shown in figure 4-18. If the
options are installed, these icons will provide the additional tests. If
the options are not installed, the icons will present a message to con-
tact Sunrise, Hukk Division to purchase the options. Each icon repre-
sents a separate test, which is sold separately or together as a package.
PING
If the user selects PING from the icon menu screen, figure 4-15, a
new screen will allow the user to enter a different address or select
from the previously stored addresses as shown in figure 4-16.
Page 57
PING Address E F Loc: Cable Modem
Enter: 000 000 000 000

Last 000 000 000
2. 000 000 000
3. 000 000 000
4. 000 000 000
5. 000 000 000
6. 000 000 000
7. 000 000 000
Use #s to Enter & NEXT / PREV to Highlight.
PING Exit
FIGURE 4-19
PING Address - The first line in the PING address list shown
in figure 4-19, is empty. The user may enter a new address by
pressing SHIFT and using the numeric keys or using the Ar-
row keys to sequence through possible entries. The NEXT
(F1) / PREV (F2) function keys move the cursor from box to
box on the entry line and then sequence through the stored ad-
dresses. The PING (F3) function key will initiate a Ping test
using the address marked by the arrows along the sides of the
list. The last seven (7) entries are saved for future use.
PING Results - If the user selects PING (F3) as shown in fig-

ure 4-19, the display will provide the selected Ping Address
and the results of pinging the address four times, displaying
the: Number of BYTES transferred, the TIME required and the
TTL as shown in figure 4-20.
REPEAT- REPEAT (F1) will clear the screen results and

initiate another set of PINGs to the selected address.
LOCATION - Selecting LOCATION (F2) will take the user to
the standard Location edit screen.
CAPTURE - CAPTURE (F3) will take the user to the standard
capture screen to store the current display.
Page 58
EXIT - EXIT (F4) will return the user to the previous PING Ad-
dress screen, where the address was initially selected.
PING Results E F Loc: Cable Modem
Address 002 000 252
Result Time TTL

1.
2.
3.
4.
Location Capture
FIGURE 4-20
Trace Address E F Loc: Cable Modem
Enter: 000 000 000 000

Last 000 000 000
2. 000 000 000
3. 000 000 000
4. 000 000 000
5. 000 000 000
6. 000 000 000
7. 000 000 000
Use Keypad to Enter #s & NEXT/PREV to Highlight.
Trace Exit
FIGURE 4-21
TRACE - If the user selects TRACE from the icon menu, a new
screen., TRACE ADDRESS, shown in figure 4-21, will allow the
user to enter or select an address from stored IP Addresses.
Page 59
Trace Result E F Loc: Cable Modem
CMTS. xxx mS 00 00 00 00
1. xxx mS 00 00 00
2. xxx mS 00 00 00
3. xxx mS 00 00 00
4. xxx mS 00 00 00
5. xxx mS 00 00 00
6. xxx mS 00 00 00
7. xxx mS 00 00 00
8. xxx mS 00 00 00
Capture Exit
FIGURE 4-22
Trace Address - The user may enter a new address or select
from the stored previous addresses. The first line in the Trace
address list shown in figure 4-21, is empty. The user may enter
a new address by pressing SHIFT and using the numeric key-
pad. Alternatively, use the Arrow keys to sequence through the
list. The NEXT (F1) / PREV (F2) function keys move the cur-
sor from box to box on the entry line and then sequence
through the stored addresses. Press the Trace (F3) function key
to initiate the Trace test using the address marked by the ar-
rows along side the list. The last seven (7) entries are stored.
Trace Route - If the user selects TRACE (F3) from the Trace
Address screen in figure 4-22, the display will provide a list of
the servers / routers along the data path between the CM1000
and the address selected or entered in the Trace Address
screen. The TRACE RESULT screen is shown in figure 4-19.
Page 60
THROUGHPUT E F Loc: Cable Modem
Downstream
BPS 0013 k B/S
Time 000 Sec
File Size 0000 kB
File Name xxxxxxx.xxx
Address 00 00 00
ReTest Capture Exit
FIGURE 4-23
THROUGHPUT
If THROUGHPUT (F3) is selected from the IP Test Menu screen,
figure 4-16, the CM1000 will download the Throughput File from the
file server specified in the Cable Modem SETUP screen and measure
the Downstream data rate and time required for the download. The
display, shown in figure 4-23 will provide the data rates and elapsed
time for the file transfer. Additionally, the screen will display the file
size and file name as a reference for the user. While in process the
BPS will display the bits transferred. When the test is complete, the
resultant rate will be displayed and the time will stop.
RETES T - RETEST (F1) will initiate a new test to measure the
Downstream data rates.
CAPTURE - CAPTURE (F3) will take the user to the standard
capture screen to store the current display.
EXIT- EXIT (F4) will return the user to the second Cable
Modem test screen, where TRACE / PING was initially se-
lected.
UPSTREAM TESTS
From the Cable Modem test screen, shown again in figure 4-24, in
addition to the Downstream functions, UPSTREAM, CAPTURE and
MORE are offered to the user.
Page 61
FIGURE 4-24
Upstrm - Pressing the UPSTRM (F2) function from the Cable

Modem Analysis screen will provide additional Upstream infor-
mation as shown in Figure 4-25.
FIGURE 4-25
Page 62
The key parameters TX Level (modem transmit level) and BkER

(upstream block error rate) are displayed graphically.
Upstream Detail - The upstream Modem Transmit Level and

BkER are presented graphically to make the measurements more
easily understood. Ye llow limit boxes indicate the acceptable
range, per the LIMITS setup criteria. If measurements are out-
side of the acceptable Limits, the bars are displayed in RED. The
Upstream Detail screen includes the following data:
TX Level - Actual modem transmit level as measured in-

ternally by the CM1000.
BKER - Block Error Rate is calculated by dividing the

number of packets transmitted by the CM1000 by the num-
ber of lost packets (not returned by the CMTS to the
CM1000).
Step ATTN - Calculated change in Step Attenuator value

based on the Limits criteria minimum and maximum Tx
level. The default Minimum and Maximum Limits values
are Min. 20 dBmV and Max. 50 dBmV. The mean (34
dBmV) becomes the ideal Tx level. The difference between
the actual Tx level and this ideal Tx level will be the rec-
ommended Step Attn value. Thus, if this value Step Attn
were inserted, the TX level should be equal to the mean
value between the minimum and maximum TX level. The
display in figure 4-22 indicates to install a 5 dB Step At-
tenuator or to increase the existing Step Attn. Value 5 dB.
Total ATTN - Calculated transmit level as reported by

the CMTS inclusive of any internal CMTS attenuation/
amplification. In all but rare cases the CMTS units are set
up for 0 dBmv attenuation /gain making this reported value
equal to the actual transmitted level.
Ping Time - This is the round trip time for a PING
Page 63
(Packet Internet Groper) packet from the Cable Modem to

the CMTS and back. This is a valuable tool in determining
if excessive delays are being caused by the CATV path or
by equipment on the other side of the CMTS.
TxPAC - The number of packets transmitted since the be-

ginning of the test in progress.
RxPAC - The number of packets received since the begin-

ning of the test in progress.
LOST PAC - The total number of lost packets since the

current test was started.
The UPSTREAM test screen also offers the user additional func-
tions: RESET BKER, STOP BKER, CAPTURE and MORE.
Reset BKER - Reset BKER (F1) allows the user to reset

the counters for the BKER calculations to zero. The test is
automatically reinitialized.
Stop BkER - Stop (F2) Allows the user to stop the test in
process so that it is easier to read the numbers. If error
rates are high, it is difficult to read the number of packets
transmitted, received and lost.
Capture - Capture (F3) offers the user the ability to enter

a Site Name for the screen data stored in this function.
More - More (F4) provides the user additional functions:

LOCARTION and MORE (which wraps back around to
the beginning of the function list).
Page 64
Page 65
DIGITAL VIDEO MEASUREMENTS

The Digital Video measurement mode is designed to allow the
user to analyze the quality of downstream QAM signals without
actually connecting to the DOCSIS CMTS. Downstream signal
under test may be Digital Video or DOCSIS Digital signals. The
CM1000 will lock on any 64/256 QAM signal which is ITU-T
J.83 Annex B compatible. This includes all DOCSIS compatible
QAM signals. The CE model will also lock on all Annex A com-
patible and Euro DOCSIS downstream signals.
The descriptions contained in this chapter apply to the Cable Mo-

dem System Analysis Downstream detail screen as well. The
Downstream Detail screen will give the same results, but only if
the Cable Modem registration process is successful. The Digital
Video Measurements mode will give valid data regardless of
whether or not the upstream path is operating properly.
CM1000 will also lock on some proprietary 64/256 QAM signals

if properly configured, but with some limitations (FEC related
data will not be available).
FIGURE 5-1
Page 66
Access the digital video test screen from the Main Menu (Figure
5-1). Use the UP/DWN or LEFT/RIGHT arrows to highlight the
DIGITAL VIDEO icon and press ENTER (F4). Similar measure-
ments are made in the Cable Modem DOWNSTREAM detail
screen , but it require ranging & registration with the CMTS.
The CM1000 automatically tune to the last channel, to which it
was tuned, in the channel plan.
FIGURE 5-2
Configuration Error Screen - If your CM1000 channel tables

have not been configured for the correct QAM setting on the chan-
nel selected, an error screen like the one shown in figure 5-2 will
appear. You can force the unit to attempt to lock on the QAM sig-
nal by hitting the appropriate function key. The F1 key will force
the unit to attempt to lock on a 64 QAM signal and the F2 key will
force the unit to attempt to lock on a 256 QAM signal.
Digital Video Test Screen Level I (Figure 5-3) - The Digital

Video Test Screen contains a number of test results which allow
the user to diagnose downstream QAM impairments. This screen
is nearly identical to the Cable Modem Downstream Detail
screen shown in Figure 4-9. with the exception of the ZOOM and
Channel function keys. It should be noted that in the case of the
Page 67
In the DIGITAL VIDEO mode measurements are not possible

unless the unit is able to lock to the QAM signal. However, digi-
tal level measurements can be made utilizing the SLM option or
the standard Digital Level function described later in this section.
MEASUREMENTS FOR DIGITAL VIDEO AND DOW N-

STREAM DATA
The initial Digital Video test is the Constellation display. The following
measurements are common to both the DOWNSTREAM and the DIG.
VIDEO screen. They include:
FIGURE 5-3 (DIGITAL VIDEO LEVEL I)
Constellation - The constellation for the signal under test will

appear on the left hand portion of the screen. The Constellation s
a graphic dis play of a QAM modulated digital signal. It can be
used to show impairments in a network whether they come from
noise, spikes, or irregular frequency translation. The shape of the
constellation can provide many clues to the condition of the QAM
signal.
MER - On the right hand side of the Digital Video Screen,
Page 68
are several test measurement results including MER. MER

(Modulation Error Ratio) is the digital equivalent of signal
to noise and is the measurement of the demodulated digital
signal in the noise of it’s environment. This measurement is
based on constellation statistics and is the ratio of where the
data actually plots on the constellation to the ideal center of
the constellation decision window.
FIGURE 5-4 (DIGITAL VIDEO LEVEL II)
PREBER - The PREBER (Pre-FEC Bit Error Rate) is the

error rate of the incoming signal prior to being corrected by
the Forward Error Correction circuitry in the CM1000.
PSTBER - The PSTBER (Post-FEC Bit Error Rate) is the

error rate of the signal after the FEC has corrected all of the
errors it can. Any errors not corrected by the FEC will im-
pair DOCSIS transmissions and decrease throughput.
LEVEL - Provides the level of the digital signal under test.
ERRSEC - The number of errored seconds which have oc-
Page 69
curred during the duration of the test.

SEVSEC - SEVSEC is the number of severely errored sec-
onds (errored after FEC) which have occurred since the be-
ginning of the test. For SESR see digital setup page 26.
AUTO DIAGNOSIS - All downstream detail screens in-

cluding the Cable Modem downstream detail contain an
auto-diagnosis function as seen in Figure 5-5. This patent
pending function will automatically diagnose QAM impair-
ments and report them in the DIAGNOSIS window. The
CM1000 will auto-diagnose impairments including phase
noise, coherent disturbances, intermittent interference/
laser clipping and compression.
FIGURE 5-5 (DIGITAL VIDEO DETAIL LEVEL I)
ZOOM MODE - In some cases, it is desirable to get a

closer look at the individual constellation clusters. The
ZOOM mode was developed specifically for this purpose.
From the Digital Video Level I screen - (Fig. 5-3 ) press

ZOOM (F1).
Page 70
From the Digital Video Level I screen - screen (Figure 5-5)

press MORE (F4). The Digital Video Level II screen will
appear as in Figure 5-6. Press ZOOM (F2).
FIGURE 5-6 (DIGITAL VIDEO DETAIL LEVEL II)
FIGURE 5-7 (ZOOM SCREEN)
Page 71
One quadrant of the constellation will be highlighted. Use

the Up/Down and Left/Right arrows to choose the quadrant
you would like to zoom in on. At this point, the ZOOM key
has been changed to ZOOM +. Hitting ZOOM + will
change the screen to show only the quadrant of interest. The
ZOOM + key then becomes (ZOOM - ) as shown in figure
5-7.
The (ZOOM - ) key will take the user back to either the
Downstream Detail Level I screen or the Digital Video Level
II screen depending on which screen the test was originally
initiated from.
In addition the user is offered the following function keys at the
bottom of the display: RES ET, CAPTURE, LOCATION, MORE.
Reset - Reinitializes the calculations of BER test measure-

ments and resets the ERRSEC and SEVSEC counters to
zero; and restarts the Elapsed time display.

of standard system location. This also changes the “Limits”
More - More offers additional function selections, includ-

ing: EQUALIZER, FREQ RESP, ZOOM, STATS and
MORE as shown in figure 5-6. The Zoom function can be
used to “zoom” in on any quadrant of the constellation dis-
play.
The functions: EQUALIZER FREQ RESP and STATS oper-

ate exactly as they do in the Cable Modem test mode. For
operating instructions and screen descriptions see the previ-
ous Cable Modem test section 4-15 through 4-18.
Page 72
DIGITAL SIGNAL LEVE L TEST SCREEN

In cases where a QAM signal will not lock, the digital level test
mode will allow the user to make a digital power measurement on the
signal. Highlight the SIGNAL LEVEL icon from the MAIN MENU
using the ARROW keys and press ENTER (F4). The standard DIG-
IAL LEVEL test screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 5-8. IF
the SLM option is installed, a more advanced measuring system is
provided as described in the following section.
FIGURE 5-8 (DIGITAL LEVEL TEST SCREEN)
The display provides the Digital Signal Level over the 6 MHz or 8
MHz bandwidth for the channel selected. The bandwidth is con-
trolled in the Channel Table Setup. The CM1000 tunes to the last
channel selected. And uses the average power detector, as appropriate
for the QAM signals.
The user is offered two functions: CHANNEL and LOCATION.
Channel - Channel (F1) brings up the typical channel tuning
screen, displaying the channel number, center frequency and
type of modulation .The user may use the ARROW keys to
scroll through the channel plan (as selected in the SETUP proce-
dure) or hit the shift key and enter the desired channel alphanu-
merically. The screen is shown in Figure 5-9.
Page 73
Location - Pressing Location (F2) offers the user the ability to

select from the list of standard system locations. This also
changes the “Limits” criteria, which is associated with the new
location type. The menu screen shown in figure 5-10 offers the
user the ability to scroll through the LOCATIONS using the AR-
ROW keys. Press enter to select the highlighted location.
FIGURE 5-9 (TUNING CHANNELS)
FIGURE 5-10 (SELECCTING LOCATIONS)
Page 74
SIGNAL LEVEL METER (SLM) OPTION

If the SLM option is installed in the CM1000, both Analog and Digi-
tal signal level measurements may be made using the signal level fea-
ture provided by the SIGNAL LEVEL Icon from the Main Menu
shown in figure 6-1.
FIGURE 6-1
The signal level meter function provides the ability to measure signal
levels on any channel, analog or digital which is programmed into the
currently active channel table. The channel table must be properly
configured for all of the channels to be measured on the network.
Channel tables are configured in the Setup menu icon Channel Tables
as described in section 3-4. To appropriately measure the channel un-
der test the key parameters for the channel, including Modulation
type, video carrier frequency for analog or center frequency for digital
carriers, offset (frequency), active (in this plan), V/A primary video to
audio frequency offset for analog channels, V/A2 secondary video to
audio frequency offset (if NICAM is used), invert spectrum (Y/N),
symbol rate for digital signals and use FEC (Y/N) for digital channels
must be setup in the Channel Table.
Page 75
PC1000 software is available, as an option, to help facilitate setting up

channel tables, cloning units, establishing Limits criteria and viewing
saved screens.
The SLM option will allow the user to view measurements for a sin-
gle channel, two channels simultaneously, five carriers simultane-
ously with a tilt display and a scan mode to view all of the channels.
When the Signal Level icon is selected, as shown in figure 6-1 the
first SLM screen shown in figure 6-2 is displayed.
FIGURE 6-2
1 CH mode - The display will automatically configure itself to best

display the type of signal that is being measured, according to the
Channel Table data. Figure 6-2 shows a typical analog channel 14 at
a video carrier frequency of 121.25 MHz, with a carrier level of +25.5
dBmV, an audio carrier level of 10.9 dBmV, NTSC modulation, a
video to audio carrier level ratio of – 14.6 dB and an adjacent channel
ratio of – 3.1 dB.
Dual Audio Carriers - In systems utilizing NICAM second au-
dio carriers, the display provides two separate audio carrier lev-
els based on the data in the channel table configuration. IF dual
audio carriers are setup the level of both is measured and dis-
played as shown in figure 6-3.
Page 76
FIGURE 6-3
The V/A Ratio is only calculated and displayed for the primary
audio carrier, although both are comp ared to the criteria for
pass / fail analysis.
FIGURE 6-4
Page 77
Digital Channels - When channels setup as digital channels in

the Channel Table are measured the display is automatically
configure for digital measurements and the measurements are
made using an average power detector, per DOCSIS and ITU-T
J.83 require ments, over the appropriate bandwidth.
The function keys offer the user selections of CH/Freq, 2 CH mode,

Capture and More as seen in figures 6-2 through 6-4 .
CH/Freq. - F1 shifts the entry field from the enter a Channel

mode to the enter a frequency mode. In the enter a channel
mode the field is highlighted and may be changed by using the
Up/Down arrows to sequence through the channels which are
programmed in the currently active Channel Table. The user
may also hit the Shift key and enter the alpha numeric channel
number. Some channel plans use alpha characters. For alpha en-
tries pressing the alphanumeric keys quickly will cause the entry
to sequence through the number and then the alpha characters
defined for that key. A short pause between characters will cause
the entry marker to move to the next character.
Similarly, if the Frequency field is highlighted, the CM1000 ex-
pects the data entry to be in alphanumerics and the arrow keys
are inactive. Any frequency within the tuning range of the
CM1000 may be entered. If the frequency is not a channel, per
the currently active Channel Table, the unit will tune to the near-
est channel in the channel table.
2 CH Mode - The two channel mode, as seen in figure 6-5 pro-
vides a side by side comparison of any two channels in the cur-
rently active Channel Table. The Video Carrier and Audio car-
rier levels for each channel are depicted by a bar graph with
digital readout of the measurements, plus the type of modulation
and the difference in level between the two carriers (video car-
rier levels are used for calculations on analog channels).
One or both of the channels may be a digital carrier, as shown in
figure 6-6. Digital channels display only the digital carrier with
N/A depicted in the Audio carrier space. Ch/Ch Diff is the dif-
ference between the levels of the two channels tested.
Page 78
FIGURE 6-5
FIGURE 6-6
In the 2 CH Mode the functions include CH/Freq, CH1 / CH2,
Capture and Exit. CH/Freq (F1) provides the same function as
described on the previous page for the 1 CH mode.
CH1 / CH2 - Channel 1 and Channel 2 selection for channel
entry. Alternates the selected entry field between the first chan-
nel and second channel on the display.
Page 79
Capture - Presents the user with a data entry window for a Site
Name to label the current screen , which will be stored in the
data log (STORED FILES).
Exit – Returns the CM1000 to the initial single channel mode.
The More key, as shown in figure 6-2 offers the user the additional
selections of 5 CH Mode, SCAN, Location and More as shown in
figure 6-7.
FIGURE 6-7
5 CH Mode - Five Channel mode provides the user with a dis-

play of the measurement of the five carriers programmed in the
5 CH table in the Channel Table setup. Viewing 5 channels
spread across the spectrum will allow the user to do a quick
check of adjust the frequency response of the network.
The 5 CH Mode display is shown in figure 6-8. The channel
number and it’s level are displayed for each channel along with
the graphic representation of each level. The Tilt is calculated as
the difference between the lowest and highest frequency in the 5
CH test channel table. Graphic scaling is automatic.
Page 80
FIGURE 6-8
In the 5 CH Mode the user is offered the following function keys
at the bottom of the display: dB/Div, Ref Level, Capture, Re-
start.
dB/Div - The dB/Div (F1) function key allows the user to
change the scale of the graphic display from 10 dB per di-
vision to 5 dB or 2 dB to increase the screen resolution.
Ref Level - The Ref Level (F2) function key allows the
user to adjust the full scale level of the graphic display.
This is useful when increasing the vertical resolution.
Capture - Capture (F3) presents the user with a data entry
window for a Site Name to label the current screen , which
will be stored in the data log (STORED FILES).
Restart - Restart (F4) restarts the 5 Ch mode, automati-
cally setting the vertical scale and Reference Level.
Scan - Scan is an automated test mode that provides a quick and

comprehensive set of tests on all of the channels in the currently
active channel table. The CM1000 steps through the channel ta-
ble and measures the video and audio carrier level of each active
channel, displays the measurements graphically on the screen
and builds a data table with the measurement results in tabular
form. The measurement results are also compared to the Limits
Page 81
criteria stored in memory in the Limits Setup screen. See section

3-8 through 3-10. Measurements which fall within the Limits
criteria will be displayed in their normal colors, measurements
outside of the Limits criteria will be displayed in RED. Be sure
the appropriate Location is set prior to initiating Scan so that the
appropriate Limits criteria is used to qualify the test results.
Figure 6-9 shows the typical Scan display. Markers provide the
channel indication and level for the channels where the marker is
positioned. Function keys offer the user the additional functions:
M1 / M2, Measure, Capture and Detail.
FIGURE 6-9
M1 / M2 - The M1 / M2 (F1) function key toggles the se-
lection of the marker from Marker One to Marker Two.
The selected active marker is displayed in green on the dis-
play with its’ associated channel indicator field high-
lighted. When selected the marker is controlled by the
Left / Right arrow keys.
Measure - Measure provides more detailed information
about the results of the Scan. Windows are added, as
shown in figure 6-10, providing the Channel Number, Fre-
quency, Video Level, Audio Level and Modulation type for
Page 82
each marker as well as Analog and Digital information.

Summary information includes: Analog information, in-
cluding: Analog Tilt, Analog P/V (peak to Valley), Maxi-
mum Adjacent channel deviation and Digital information,
including: Digital Tilt, Digital P/V (peak to valley), and the
Analog to Digital Level ratio.
Analog Tilt - The difference between the level of the lo w-
est and highest frequency analog channel.
Analog P/V - The peak-to-valley ratio—the difference be-
tween the maximum and minimum (positive and negative)
from the ideal tilt (slope) of all of the analog channels.
Max Adj. CH - The maximum ratio of any analog channel
to its’ adjacent channel’s level.
Digital Tilt - The difference between the level of the lo w-
est and highest frequency digital channel.
Digital P/V - The peak-to-valley ratio—the difference be-
tween the maximum and minimum (positive and negative)
from the ideal tilt (slope) of all of the digital channels.
A/D Ratio - The Analog to Digital Ratio is the difference
between the projected analog level and the calculated aver-
age power level of the digital carriers at the mean fre-
quency of the digital carriers.
FIGURE 6-10
Page 83

Exit – Returns the CM1000 to the single channel mode.
Capture - The Capture (F3) key presents the user with a data
entry window for a Site Name to label the current screen , which
will be stored in the data log (STORED FILES).
Detail - The Detail function key (F4) provides the user with a
tabular report of the data collected in the Scan. The typical De-
tail screen is shown in figure 6-11. Tabular results include the
Channel Number, Video (or Digital) Carrier Level, Audio Car-
rier Level, Delta (video to audio ratio), Adjacent channel ratio
and the Modulation type. Measurement results are compared to
the Limits criteria and automatically displayed in Red if they are
outside of the desired Limits.
FIGURE 6-11
The user is also provided with the additional function keys: Next
Set, Prev Set, Capture and Exit.
Page 84
Next Set - Next Set (F1) allows the user to scroll down a
page at a time—Page Down.
Prev Set - Previous Set (F2) allows the user to scroll back-
ward a page at a time—Page Up.
Exit – Returns the CM1000 to the initial single channel
mode.
Location - The Location function (F3) in the SLM 1CH screen
shown in figure 6-4, provides the user the ability to select the
location where the test is performed. The location is shown in
the top left corner of most displays. The location determines the
set of Limits criteria which is used to qualify the Scan measure-
ment results. Limits criteria is established for the locations: Ca-
ble Modem, Ground Block, Tap, Node, Headend and End-of-
Line in the Limits Setup screens. See sections 3-8 through 3-10.
More - More (F4) wraps back around to the original 1CH SLM
measurement mode as shown in figure 6-2.
Page 85
STORED FILES
Screens which have been CAPTURED may be recalled to the display
through the STORED FILES icon on the MAIN MENU.
FIGURE 7-1 M AIN M ENU
Highlight the STORED FILES icon from the MAIN MENU using the
ARROW keys and press ENTER (F4). The STORED FILES screen
will be displayed as shown in Figure 7-1.
The display will list the Stored Data Log Information which the user
has stored via the CAPTURE functions in the Cable Modem or Digi-
tal Video measurements modes. The information listed is the “file” of
the site name that the user entered for the screen when it was cap-
tured, the date and time and type of screen that was stored. The list is
sorted by the date and time, most recent listed first. Screens may be
selected using the ARROW keys to highlight the data and pressing the
DISPLAY (F3) key. Approximately 100 screens may be saved.
As shown in figure 7-2, the user is offered the additional functions:
NEXT SET, PREV SET, DISPLAY and MORE.
Next Set - Next Set (F1) allows the user to scroll a page at a
time—Page Down.
Page 86
FIGURE 7-2 STORED DATA
Prev Set - Previous Set (F2) allows the user to scroll backward
a page at a time—Page Up.
Display - Recalls the stored screen to the display.
More - Provides the user with additional functions: ERASE,

ERASE ALL, (blank) and MORE.
Erase - Erase (F1) clears the currently selected set of data

from the file. Take care, no warning is provided and re-
covery is not possible. Once the ERASE (F1) key is
pressed the data is lost.
Erase All - Erase ALL (F2) clears all of data fro m the
files. Take care, no warning is provided and recovery is
not possible. Once the ERASE ALL (F2) key is pressed
the data is lost.
More - More (F4) wraps back to the original list of func-

tions.
Page 87
RETURN PILOT GENERATOR

Generator Operation
A Return Pilot Generator icon is added to the Main Menu icon screen
as seen in figure 7-1. Selecting this icon will provide the user with
the Return Pilot Generator screen shown in figure 8-1.
Return Pilot Gen E F Generator ON
Frequency 1 xxx.xx MHz

Level 00 dBmV
Duration 000 S
Toggle ON
Frequency 2 xxx.xx MHz
Level 2 00 dBmV
Dwell 000 S
Use Next/Prev to Highlight & Arrows to Select

Next Field Prev Field Start/Stop Exit
FIGURE 8-1
Pilot 1 Frequency - The user may select the frequency for Pilot 1
(from the frequencies entered in the setup screen) by using the NEXT
FIELD (F1)/ PREVFIELD (F2) function keys to highlight the Pilot
Frequency and using the Arrow keys to sequence through the pilot
frequencies stored in memory.
Level - Secondly, the user will set the amplitude for the Pilot using
the keypad. The output range is from +8 dBmv to +58 dBmV in 1 dB
steps.
Duration - The Duration is set using the Arrow keys. Duration is the
length of time that the test signal will be turned on – this limits the
possibility of interrupting network operation for long periods of time.
The Duration is set by using the Arrow keys to sequence through a list
of duration times: 1S, 5S, 10S, 30S and continuous (Cont.). If only a
single pilot is desired the user may now press the START/STOP (F3)
key to turn on the generator. IF the TOGGLE mode is selected the
Page 88
duration is automatically switched to CONTENUOUS.

Pilot 2 - The Return Pilot Generator is capable of alternating between
two selected frequencies. If a second pilot is desired the user selects
the “TOGGLE” mode function using the NEXT FIELD (F1) / PREV
FIELD (F2) function keys and toggle the field from OFF to ON using
the Arrow keys. This will allow access to the Frequency 2 selection
field, Level and Dwell fields.
Note that only one frequency is generated at a time – Pilot 1 and Pilot
2 are generated alternately.
Dwell - The Dwell determines the amount of time that each pilot is
generated before alternating to the other pilot. The timing selections
are 500 mS, 5S and 10S. The TOGGLE mode must be turned ON to
access any of the second Pilot features. The Duration is automatically
set to continuous when the toggle mode is activated..
START / STOP - The START/STOP (F3) key controls the generator
output. The output toggles between On and Off by pressing the
START/STOP (F3) key. The output will also default to the off condi-
tion after the Duration time elapses, unless the continuous mode is
selected for Duration. The Pilot Generator is also turn off if the
CM1000 is switched to any other mode.
When the generator output is turned on, GENERATOR ON is dis-
played in the upper right corner of the display..
NOTE: BEFORE THE PILOTS ARE TURNED ON, THE FREQUENCY, LEVEL
AND DURATION MUST BE SET FOR SINGLE PILOT OPERATION. FOR A L-
TERNATING PILOT MODE, THE SECOND FREQUENCY, LEVEL AND
DWELL (TIME THAT EACH PILOT IS ON - ALTERNATING) MUST HAVE
BEEN SET . IF T HE USER TRIES TO TURN ON PILOTS BEFORE ALL OF THE
CRITERIA (FIELDS) ARE ENTERED, A MESSAGE I S DISPLAYED T O FINISH
ENTERING ALL OF THE FIELDS BEFORE THE PILOT CAN BE TURNED ON.
A LL SETTINGS ARE RETAINED IN MEMORY AND USED AS THE DEFAULT
SETTINGS THE NEXT TIME THE OPTION IS INITIATED (GENERATOR OFF).
PILOTS ARE AUTOMATICALLY TURNED OFF WHEN THE OPTION SCREEN
IS LEFT VIA EXIT (F4).
Page 89
Page 90
CHAPTER 5 SPECIFICATIONS
MODULATION
Downstream Modulation:
64 or 256 QAM (DVS-031, ITU-T J.83 Annex B option for Annex A,
DOCSIS), with SLM option NTSC, PAL-A, PAL-B, PAL-B/G, PAL-G,
PAL-D, PAL-I, PAL-N, QPR, QPSK, DVB-64, DVB-256. (AM, FM and
CW can be measured in the NTSC or PAL modes).
Bandwidth :
6 MHz standard, 6 & 8 MHz with CE option.
Digital Lock Range 64/256 QAM:
-15 to +30 dBmv (typical)
Upstream Modulation:
QPSK/ 16 QAM (as directed by CMTS)
Upstream Transmit Level:
+8 to +58 dBmv
Downstream - Modulation Error Ratio (MER) range:
21 to 35 dB
MER Accuracy :
+ or - 2.0 dB
SIGNAL LEVEL METER:

Level Accuracy:
± 0.75 dB (typical)
Level Range:
-20 to +35 dBmV
Frequency Range:
50 - 860 KHz.
Temperature Variation :
± 1.0 dB
Page 91
SLM Option Measurements:

1 CH Mode: Video Carrier, Audio Carrier, Adjacent Channel, V/A ratio
2 Ch Mode: Two channels—Video & Audio carrier level.
5 CH Mode: 5 user programmable carriers plus Tilt measurement
Scan Mode: All channel scan (8+ per second)
GRAPHIC DISPLAYS
320 x 240 dot Color LCD Display (1/4 VGA) with Backlight
Constellation:
I-Q display of 64/256 QAM signals
Frequency Response:
Center frequency ±2.5 MHz with a ±10 dB window
Equalizer:
Adaptive Equalizer response from – 1.1µSec to +2.8 µSec with a 0
to 45 dB range.
BIT ERROR RATE

Downstream BER range:
1.0 x E-9 to 1.0 x E-3
Errored Seconds:
Numerical count of downstream errored seconds.
Downstream FEC lock:
Loss/lock indication
Severely Errored Seconds:
Numerical count of downstream severely errored seconds.
Elapsed Time:
hr, min, sec
Upstream BKER:
Block Error Rate and Lost Packets
Page 92
INTERFACES
RF Input: 75-ohm F81 (Do not exceed 90V AC/DC or 10V > 1 MHz)
RS232 serial port (DB9 female)
RJ-45 Ethernet 10/100 Base T
POWER
Internal: NiMH battery pack, part number: ASY-12183-010
Operating time: 3 hours continuous (typical)
Automatic low battery shutdown
Charger Input: Min. 15.5VDC 2.5A— Max 18VDC 2.8A
DISPLAY
Color Active Matrix LCD 320 x 240
PHYSICAL
Size: 11” high x 5” Wide x 2 ¾” deep
Weight: 3lbs.
Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C (32°F to 122°F)
Page 93
The CM1000 meets CE requirements as outlined in the Declaration of

Conformity below.
Page 94
CHAPTER 6 OPTIONS & ACCESSORIES
INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the options and accessories that are avail-
able for use with the Hukk Model CM1000 QAM Signal Ana-
lyzer. Optional are available for purchase separately from the
CM1000 and are not included in its’ price. Accessories come with
the CM1000 as a standard and are included in the price of the
CM1000.
OPTIONS
680-12760-001 DC Vehicle Adapter - 18VDC out
ASY-12763-001 Protective Rubber Cover (BOOT)
ASY-13012-001 CM1000 Soft Jacket
ASY-13068-001 Soft Jacket w/Protective Rubber Cover
ASY-11196-001 Soft Carrying Case
ASY-13077-001 CM1000 Hard Carrying Case
CM1000-SLM CM1000 with SLM Option
CM1000-02 CM1000 module with SLM
CM1000-02U SLM Upgrade to existing CM1000 module
ACCESSORIES
The CM1000 ships with the following accessories:
AC Power Adaptor
Input: 100-240 VAC
Output: 18 volts DC @ 2.8 A max.
F to F female adapter F-81 Barrel
Operator’s Manual and Quick Start Guide
Serial Interface Cable Male DB-9 to Female DB-9
Training CD ROM
Page 95
CHAPTER 7
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
INTRODUCTION
This section contains information on maintenance and service for the

Hukk Model CM1000 Cable Modem Analyzer.
Battery Replacement
The CM1000 battery is a

Nickel Metal Hydride battery
which is user replaceable. Bat-
tery replacements are available
from Hukk. The use of batter-
ies other than those specifically
approved by Hukk may damage
the test equipment and will
void the warranty.
The battery is easily replaced

by removing four screws lo-
cated in the lower portion of the
unit’s rear panel. The Hukk
Part# for the replacement bat-
tery is ASY-12183-010.
Page 96
GENERAL MAINTENANCE
INTERNAL RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

To avoid damaging the internal battery, optimize its life and guar-
antee a full charge in 6-8 hours, the following steps should be fol-
lowed:
• Let the CM1000 cool to room temperature before recharg-
ing.
• Turn the CM1000 OFF before plugging in the charger.
• Leave the CM1000 OFF while recharging.
• Always leave the charger connected whenever the
CM1000 is not in use.
PRECAUTION:
Do not charge the CM1000 while above room tempera-
ture or with the unit turned ON. The internal battery may
be Hot, or can become Hot, reducing its life and signifi-
cantly increasing the time required for full charging to
occur.
NOTE: USE ONLY THE SUPPLIED AC ADAPTER OR THE OPTIONAL DC

ADAPTER TO RECHARGE THE CM1000. INCORRECT POLARITY OR VOLT-
AGE COULD DAMAGE THE CM1000 OR IT ’S INTERNAL BATTERY.
CLEANING
Clean the CM1000 with a soft cloth moistened with water. Use a
small amount of mild soap if necessary. Do not apply abrasive or
chemical cleaners. These may damage the plastic finishes on the
case, keypad, or display windows.
TROUBLESHOOTING
If the CM1000 fails to operate and no front panel indicators are

illuminated, the internal nickel metal hydride battery may be dis-
charged. Use the supplied AC adapter to power the unit and re-
charge the battery. If the failure persists while using the AC
Page 97
adapter, call Hukk for service.

If the internal battery fails to recharge, verify that the AC adapter
is actually sending power to the CM1000. Plug the AC adapter
into the CM1000 the RECHARGE input, then connect the AC
adapter to the 115VAC source. Turn the CM1000 on. If the inter-
nal battery fails to recharge, but the AC adapter delivers power to
the CM1000, the battery may be deeply discharged or damaged. A
deep discharge requires a longer charge time. If the battery is not
restored to normal operation by an eight-hour recharge, call Hukk
for service.
If the CM1000 fails to detect QAM carriers, or if the unit won’t
lock to carriers when using the “force modulation” mode, check
the RF input power level. The CM1000 can be overloaded by ex-
cess power at the input. The resulting signal distortion impairs the
ability of the CM1000 to detect and identify QAM signals.
FLASH CARD REPLACEME NT

In addition to the remote software application available for up-
grading the CM1000 firmware, there is also a removable flash
card for future expansions and/or upgrades.
To remove the flash card, be sure that the CM1000 is off.

Set the unit on it’s side on a flat surface with the plug-in module
slot facing upward and the keypad facing you. The flash card slot
is located on the side of the unit just to the right of the keypad and
is protected by a small cover held in place by two Phillips head
screws. Remove the two Phillips head screws and the protective
cover. The flash card will be visible in the slot. A small rectangu-
lar shaped button to right of the flash card will also be visible.
Press this button to eject the flash card from it’s slot and then pull
the card out of the slot (a pair of tweezers or needle nose pliers
may be helpful ). Insert the new flash card and press it firmly but
gently into the slot. Replace the protective cover. Powering the
unit on will automatically load the new software into the CM1000.
This process may take several minutes depending on the software
being loaded. The Link LED will flash green during the software
update process.
Page 98
Be sure to seat the Flash Card fully and tighten the access
cover screws.
Page 99
SERVICE
WARRANTY
Hukk warrants the Hukk Model CM1000 Cable Modem System Ana-
lyzer and supplied accessories against defects in materials and work-
manship for a period of one year from receipt by the customer. During
the warranty period, Hukk will, at its option, repair or replace defec-
tive products.
Liability under this warranty extends only to the replacement value of
the equipment.
This warranty does not apply under the following conditions:
The CM1000 or its accessories have been partially or fully disassem-
bled, altered or repaired by persons not authorized by Hukk, Inc.
The CM1000 is installed or operated other than in accordance with
instructions contained in its operating manual.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. Hukk is not liable for con-
sequential damages.
RETURNING EQUIPMENT
Before returning any equipment, call Sunrise Telecom Broadband Di-
vision to obtain a Return Authorization number. Indicate the Return
Authorization number on all correspondence.
Pack the equipment securely in its original shipping material. Mark
the Return Authorization number clearly on the outside of the ship-
ping container. If the original container is not available, pack the
equipment in materials sufficient to avoid damage in transit. Hukk is
not liable for damage that occurs during shipping. Return equipment
to Hukk with shipping prepaid.
Attach the followi ng information to all equipment returned to
Hukk for repair:
Return Authorization Number
Owner’s name and address.
A list of the equipment being returned and the applicable serial
number(s).
A detailed description of the problem, or service requested.
The name and telephone number of the person to contact re-
garding questions.
Page 100
Page 101
LIMITS CRITERIA
Limits Default Settings
Digital Limits Cable Modem Ground Block Tap Node Headend End-of-Line
64 QAM
Pre-FEC 1.0E-06 8.0E-07 5.0E-07 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.0E-07
Pst-FEC 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
Min Level -10.0 dBmV -8.0 dBmV -3.0 dBmV .0 dBmV .0 dBmV -3.0 dBmV
Max Level 10.0 dBmV 12.0 dBmV 17.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV 17.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV
MER 27.0 dB 27.5 dB 28.0 dB 33.5 dB 33.5 dB 28.0 dB
256 QAM
Pre-FEC 1.0E-06 8.0E-07 5.0E-07 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.0E-07
Pst-FEC 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
Min Level -10.0 dBmV -8.0 dBmV -3.0 dBmV .0 dBmV .0 dBmV -3.0 dBmV
MER 27.0 dB 27.5 dB 28.0 dB 33.5 dB 33.5 dB 28.0 dB
Upstream
Min Level 30.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV
Min Attn .0 dB .0 dB .0 dB .0 dB .0 dB .0 dB
Max Attn 54.0 dB 52.0 dB 47.0 dB 40.0 dB 40.0 dB 47.0 dB
BkER 1.0E-03 8.0E-04 5.0E-04 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 5.0E-04
Ping Time 50 50 50 50 50 50
Downstream
Digital Tilt 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB
Digital P/V ±3.0 dB ±3.0 dB ±3.0 dB ±2.5 dB ±2.0 dB ±3.0 dB
Analog Limits Cable Modem Ground Block Tap Node Headend End-of-Line
Video Carrier Max 10.0 dBmV 13.0 dBmV 13.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV 20.0 dBmV .0 dBmV
Video Carrier Min 3.0 dBmV 6.0 dBmV 6.0 dBmV 10.0 dBmV 10.0 dBmV -10.0 dBmV
V/A Ratio Max -10.0 dB -10.0 dB -10.0 dB -10.0 dB -10.0 dB -10.0 dB
V/A Ratio Min -17.0 dB -17.0 dB -17.0 dB -17.0 dB -17.0 dB -17.0 dB
Adj Carrrier Max 3.0 dB 3.0 dB 3.0 dB 3.0 dB 3.0 dB 3.0 dB
Tilt Analog 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB 10.0 dB
P/V Analog ±3.0 dB ±3.0 dB ±3.0 dB ±2.5 dB ±1.0 dB ±3.0 dB
2nd V/A Max -15.0 dB -15.0 dB -15.0 dB -15.0 dB -15.0 dB -15.0 dB
2nd V/A Min -22.0 dB -22.0 dB -22.0 dB -22.0 dB -22.0 dB -22.0 dB
The table provides the default Limits setting initially installed in the
CM1000. These Limits may not be appropriate for all networks. All
limits settings are user programmable by pressing the Setup key and
selecting the Limits icon. Limits should be established according to
your network design.
Page 102
PERFORMACE COMPARISON
The following chart provides relative performance comparisons for
key digital measurements on an average network. Performance char-
acteristics will vary from network to network depending on design
and individual hardware capabilities.
MER PreBER PstBER

64 QAM 256 QAM
Digital Video Excellent 30 dB 32 dB 1.0E-09 1.0E-09
Acceptable 25 dB 28 dB 1.0E-08 1.0E-07
Marginal 23 dB 25 dB 1.0E-07 1.0E-06
MER PreBER PstBER

64 QAM 256 QAM
Digital Data Excellent 35 dB 35 dB 1.0E-09 0.0E+00
Acceptable 28 dB 30 dB 1.0E-08 1.0E-08
Marginal 26 dB 28 dB 1.0E-07 1.0E-07
Page 103
COMMON Q AM I MPAREMENTS
Coherent Distortion -
Interference from a signal occupy-
ing the same frequency as part of
the QAM signal which is typically
related to the signals on the net-
work.. Clusters appear donut
shaped.
Causes: Ingress, CTB, CSO and
spurious.
Phase Noise -
Phase shift of I / Q data. Clusters
appear to be rotated around the
center of the constellation screen.
Causes: Headend IF processing,
Up Converters and Modulators.
Noise -
Random Noise addition to the sig-
nal. Poor signal to noise ratio.
Clusters are poorly defined and
randomly spread out.
Causes: Low signal level—could
occur at any point in the network.
Page 104
Intermittent Interference-
Randomly appearing or somewhat
consistent signals occupying the
same bandwidth as the QAM sig-
nal. May appear to occur ran-
domly.
Causes: Ingress or Laser clip-
ping. .
Compression -
Randomly appearing or somewhat
consistent signals occupying the
same bandwidth as the QAM sig-
nal. May appear to occur ran-
domly.
Causes: Ingress or Laser clip-
ping. .
Page 105
Channel Plans provided in CM1000CE (dual IF model)
Page 106
Page 107
Page 108
Page 109
Page 110
Page 111
Page 112
Page 113
Page 114
TO CONTACT SUNRISE TELECOM BROADBAND
Call the Sunrise Telecom Broadband Division between the hours of 9

AM and 5 PM Eastern Standard Time at (770)-446-6086.
Send correspondence to:

3250-D Peachtree Corners Circle
Norcross, GA 30092
USA
Or email at:
catv@sunrisetelecom.com
Page 115
Page 116

CM1000ManualE Old

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CM1000ManualE Old

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sunrise Telecom, Broadband

A general description of the CM1000 display, controls, con-

CHAPTER 2 - PREPARATION FOR USE

Instructions on unpacking, inspecting and preparing the

Getting Started ...............................................................................19

Setup Overview ...............................................................................21

System (General) Setup Detail ......................................................23

Channel Table Setup ......................................................................24

Set Active Channel ..........................................................25

Editing Channel Tables .....................................................25

Digital Setup ....................................................................................29

Cable Modem Setup .......................................................................31

Packet Delay ..........................................................33

Cable Modem Range & Register ...................................................39

User Defined MAC Address..............................................41

Cable Modem Analysis Screen .....................................................44

TOD Server Address .....................................56

DIGITAL VIDEO & DOWNSTREAM DETAIL .......................66

Digital Video Test Screen ...............................................67

DIGITAL LEVEL TEST MODE ..................................................73

STORED FILES .............................................................................86

ERASE and ERASE ALL .........................................87

CHAPTER 6 - OPTIONS & ACC...... 95

CHAPTER 7 - MAINT. & SERVICE 96

Limits Criteria Defaults ...................................................102

The CM1000 mainframe

The model CM1000-CE

When installed in the mainframe, the CM-1000-01 plug-in module

5. Keyboard 4. Battery Access

9. USB 8. Ethernet 7. RF Input “F”

MAINFRAME CONNECTORS, C ONTROLS AND DISPLAYS (FIGURE 1 -1A)

MODULE CONNECTORS (FIGURE 1 -1B)

CM-1000 KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS

FIGURE 1-2 CM1000 KEYPAD

FIGURE 1-3 STATUS DISPLAY

UNPACKING AND INITIA L INSPECTION

NOTE: THE CM1000 SCREEN SHIPS WITH A PROTECTIVE PLASTIC COVER .

• Let the CM1000 cool to room temperature before recharging.

CAUTION: Do not exceed the rated input AC plant oper-

CAUTION: Do not remove the module from the base unit

NOTE: T HE CM-1000 IS WEATHER RESISTANT BUT NOT WATERPROOF

CAUTION: The CM-1000 contains delicate electronic

CAUTION: Do not allow moisture to enter the ventilation

CAUTION: Do not allow foreign material to clog or enter

NOTE : ALWAYS FOLLOW THE PROCEEDURES OUTLINE IN THIS MANUAL

POWER UP TO SELF TEST SCREEN

MAIN MENU SCREEN DETAIL

Cable Modem Analyzer - Selecting the Cable Modem

Digital Video Measurements - Choosing Digital Video

System Setup - Selecting the System Setup provides access to

SYSTEM SETUP DETAIL

CHANNEL TABLE SETUP

The Channel Table Selection screen is shown in Figure 3-4.

Select the Active Channel Plan - To make a channel table the

as the Center frequency of the channel for all Digital modu-

quency for the secondary audio carrier. Measured only in the

As shown in figure 3-6, the active Channel Table is displayed, fol-

The Digital Setup detail screen is shown in Figure 3-8. This

Constellation Samples - This parameter sets the number of

or not occurrences of errored seconds will be logged to the

Severely Errored Seconds

CABLE MODEM SETUP

The Cable Modem Setup detail screen is shown in Figure 3-9.