ASSIGNMENT

OF
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
POWER GENRATION

SUB. BY: - SUB. TO:-

NAME: - KULDEEP ER. KARTAR SINGH

ROLL. NO. : - 115002

BRANCH: - CIVIL ENGG.

D. O. S.: - 06-09-2017

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 Q. 1:- What are the primary and secondary energy sources?
Ans.:- All organisms need energy to live. Energy is conducted to all human activities. Whenever
we think or move, we use the energy that is stored in our body and all the object that we use or that
surround us need energy to work or needed energy when they were built .

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES:

a. Primary energy sources:-
Primary sources can be used directly as they appear in the natural environment. Coal, oil, natural
gas and wood, nuclear fuel (uranium), the sun, the wind, tides, mountain, lakes, rivers (from
which hydroelectric energy can obtained) and the earth heat that supplies geothermal energy.
b. Secondary energy sources:-
Secondary sources derive from the transformation of primary energy sources: for example petrol,
that derives from the treatment of crude oil and electric energy obtain from the conversion of
mechanical energy (hydro-electric plants Aeolian plants), chemical plants (thermo-electric) or
nuclear (nuclear plants). Electric energy is produced by electric plants i.e. suitable installation
that can transform primary energy (non transformed) into electric energy.

Q.2:- What are the conventional and non-conventional sources of

energy? Describe briefly.
Ans.:-
a. The conventional sources of energy includes:
Coal, petroleum, natural gases are the conventional sources for thermal power in India.
Water is the conventional source for hydel power, etc

Example:-

i. Coal
ii. Lignite
iii. Oil and natural gas
iv. Hydro electric
v. Nuclear fuels

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b. The non-conventional sources of energy includes:
A plenty of energy is needed to sustain industrial growth and agricultural production. The existing
sources of energy such as coal, oil, uranium etc. may not be adequate to meet the ever increasing
energy demands. These conventional sources of energy are also depleting and may be exhausted at
the end of the century or beginning of the next century. Consequently sincere and untiring efforts
shall have to be made by the scientists and engineers in exploring the possibilities of harnessing
energy from several non-conventional energy sources. The various non-conventional energy
sources are as follows:
i. Solar energy
ii. Wind energy
iii. Energy from biomass and biogas
iv. Ocean thermal energy conversion
v. Tidal energy
vi. Geothermal energy
vii. Hydrogen energy
viii. Fuel cells
ix. Magneto-hydro-dynamic generator
x. Thermionic converter
xi. Thermo-electric power.

COMPARISION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND

NON -CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES OF ENERGY:-

1) Conventional energy:-
i) Such as thermal power(from coal, petroleum, natural gas),hydel power (from high velocity
of running water) are tapped and used abundantly at present. There uses are practiced for
long time but in contrast to conventional sources of energy , non conventional source of
energy Solar , Tidal, Geothermal, wind etc. are not used frequently and and in large scale.
There uses are comparatively more recent.
ii) Except hydel power the sources of thermal power i.e. other conventional energies are non
renewable in nature. The enormous reserve of fossil fuels (coal, crude oil, natural gas etc)
are fast depleting. But the sources of non conventional energy are flow resources there is no
anxiety for their exhaustion.
iii) Except hydel power, the generation of conventional energy does produce air pollution
iv) Except hydel power the other conventional energy is costly. But in comparatively the non
conventional energy is much cheaper.
v) Generation of non conventional energy do not produce air pollution.

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Conclusion:-

Fossil fuel are the major sources of conventional energies. At present, many countries are overly dependent
on fossil fuels to meet there requirement for power. The non reserves of fossil fuel have depleted to a large
extent due to its continued use. If it continues, there is risk of complete exhaustion f these sources of energy.

Nuclear energy plants needs to be implemented with proper cautions and care, any accidental leakage in
nuclear power plant may lead to severe hazardous conditions.

Non-conventional energy:-
Non-conventional energy is considered the energy of future. Considering the benefits of non- conventional
energy generation many country have started producing energy in large scale there is continuous research
for development of technology in this field to reduce the cost of production and to make it more cost
effective.

Q.3 Specify the energy status of India and Punjab and what is the role of
non-conventional energy.
Ans.:-

Energy status of India

INDIA
Total area 3287259km2
Population 1324171354(2016)
Rural population 67%(2016)
GDP (US$) 2263522518124.03(2016)
GDP per capita (US $) 1709.39(2016)
Access to electricity (%by population) 79.17%(2016)
Energy imports net (% of energy uses) 34.31%(2014)
Fossil fuel energy consumption (%) 73.46 Total(2014)

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 India source wise installed capacity in MW
Coal 59.78%
Gas 8.96%
Oil 0.49%
Hydro 16.68%
Nuclear 1.97%
Resourcs 12.12%

Role of non- conventional energy in India:-

In India Non conventional energy sources consist of these energy sources that are infinite natual and
restorable e.g- tidal energy, solar energy, an wind energy.

Tidal energy:-

This energy is a limitless and renewable sources of energy. In the state Gujrat Gulf of kutch are appropriate
place for electrical energy.

Wind energy:-

It is popular form of non conventional energy states like Tamilnadu, Gujrat, Udisa and Maharashtra, are rich
on wind energy.

Solar energy:-

Solar plants in India can be the main energy sources as per the hot regions of India e.g.-

Gandhinagar solar Plant-2011

Thyagaraj stadium plant Delhi-2010
Tata-mayladuthrai -2011
REHFL-sadeipali-2011

India has the worlds 5th largest electricity generation capacity which currently stands at 243GW

The demand for power has been growing at rate rapid and over taken the supply leading to power shortage
in spite of meaningful growth on power generation over the year.

Renewable energy in Punjab:-

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energy production uses fossil fuel is the major contributor to green house gas emissions in the atmosphere
which perceived to be the main couse by IPCC (IPCC, 2007-a) , clearly indicate the worming is having a de
electrius effect on ecosystem.

Solar energy:-

Solar energy estimated at 4-7KWh/m2 of solar insulation level about 10.50MW of solar project by dec.
2013.

Hydroelectricity:-

It is estimated about 250MW at canal falls.

130.70MW capacity projects are in operation

Bio gas Plants:-

Bio gas about 1MW from dairy water Now Incising from 1MW to 10Mw capacity.