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Net-Ionic rxn.:
Pb2+ + 2NO3- + 2K+ + 2I- PbI2(s) + 2K+ + 2NO3-
Pb2+ + 2I- PbI2(s)
PbI2(s)
Pb2+ + 2I
Equilibrium
between:
Pb2+ 2I dissolved
saturated
solution of and
PbI2 PbI2 (s) undissolved
(precipitate)
Note:
Dont confuse solubility with solubility product constant
Solution:
1. Write the equilibrium dissolution rxn: MgF2(s) Mg2+ + 2F
x 2x
2. Write the Ksp expression: Ksp = [Mg2+][F]2
Solution:
1. Write the equilibrium dissolution rxn: MgF2(s) Mg2+ + 2F
x 2x
2. Write the Ksp expression: Ksp = [Mg2+][F]2
Ksp = [M+][X]
K sp = [Al3+]eq
2 [S2-]3
eq
Q < Ksp Q > Ksp Q = Ksp
(continued)
10 Prof. Zvi C. Koren 20.07.2010
Can a Precipitation Reaction Occur?
Question:
50.0 mL of 0.34 M Pb(NO3)2 solution is mixed with 25.0 mL of
0.10 M NaCl. Will a precipitate be formed?
Answer:
Overall rxn.: Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaCl(aq)
? PbCl2(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
Net ionic rxn.: Pb2+ + 2Cl ? PbCl2(s)
Ksp = [Pb2+] [Cl]2 = 1.7x105 Qsp = [Pb2+][Cl]2
eq eq
Calculate concentrations after mixing, but before rxn.:
[Pb2+] = (50.0/75.0)(3.4x10-1 M) = 2.27x101 M
[Cl] = (25.0/75.0)(1.0x10-1 M) = 3.33x102 M
Q = (2.27x10-1)(3.33x10-2)2 = 2.5x104 > Ksp = 1.7x105 ppt!
What are the concentrations of all ions and how many moles of
precipitate are obtained? (see next slide)
11 Prof. Zvi C. Koren 20.07.2010
(continued)
What are the concentrations of all ions and how many moles of
precipitate are obtained?
I 0.227 0.0333
Net ionic rxn.: Pb2+ + 2Cl- PbCl2(s), K >> 1
K >> 1: C -0.0167 -0.0333 +0.0167
E,I 0.210 - 0.0167
C +x +2x -x
E 0.210+x 2x 0.0167-x
1.7x10-5 = Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl-]2
= (0.210+x)(2x)2 (0.210)(4x2), x = 4.5x10-3 M
Concentrations of ions:
[Cl-] = 2x = 9.0x10-3 M
Check: Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl-]2 1.7x10-5
[Pb ] = 0.210+x 0.21 M
2+
Cu2+ Cu2+
16 Prof. Zvi C. Koren 20.07.2010
Selective Separation of Ions & Solubility - Calculations
Separation of Two Ions by Difference in Solubility: Cl and CrO42
AgCl(s) Ag+ + Cl ,
x x
Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-] = x2 x = 1.3x105 mol/L