Renewable Energy Technologies in Power

Generation

An Introduction ppt
- Saurabh Mehta

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 Contents

Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

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 Contents

Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

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Introduction
Renewable Energy any sustainable energy source that comes

from natural environment.

Some Aspects of Renewable Energy

It exists perpetually and in abundant in the environment

Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible

It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels

energy that is derived from natural process that are replenished

constantly -- defined by the RENEWABLE ENERGY WORKING

PARTY of the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Introduction
Contribution of Renewable Energy in World Electricity
Production

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Introduction
Major Renewable Energy Sources
Hydro Energy
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Biomass Energy
Tidal Energy
Geothermal Energy
Wave Energy
Bio-fuel
Bagasse

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 Present Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy Sources
in India

Renewable Energy Source Present Installed Capacity

Wind 10200 MW

Small Hydro 2100 MW

Bagasse 750 MW

Biomass 620 MW

Solar 2 MW

Total RE Installed Capacity 13672 MW

Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources (MNRE) 7
Introduction
Solar Panels Wind Turbine Generators

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 Contents

Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

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Wind Energy - Technology
Differential heating of the earths surface
and atmosphere induces vertical and
horizontal air currents that are affected by
the earths rotation and contours of the
land and generates WIND.
A wind turbine obtains its power input by
converting the force of the wind into a
torque (turning force) acting on the rotor
blades.
The amount of energy which the wind
transfers to the rotor depends on the
density of the air, the rotor area, and the
wind speed.
PLF of Wind Farm is normally in the range
of 20 % to 30% depending upon the site
conditions and WTG rating.
P Power
Air Density (kg/m3)
P = 0.5 X X A X V3
A Blade Area -turbine (m2)
V Wind velocity (m/s)
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Wind Energy - Technology
Major Components of Wind Turbine

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Wind Energy Present Scenario
Wind Power Fastest growing renewable
energy source
Globally, it grew at the average rate of 27
% pa over the past 10 years.
While in India it grew at the average rate of
33% over the past 9 years.
Presently, India is ranked 4th in the world
in terms of Wind Energy Installed Capacity

Drivers of growth
Environmental Awareness and
Sustainable Development
Growing Global Energy Demand
Improving Competitiveness of
renewable energy
Security of Supply Concerns
New Markets (e.g. India, China etc)
Carbon Trading
Fiscal Benefits by Govt. (PTC, feed in
tariffs, etc)

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 Contents

Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

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 Solar Energy - Technology
Solar power is by far the Earth's most available energy source, easily capable of providing
many times the total current energy demand.
Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.
Two main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity.
Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)
Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very successful in decentralized applications,
whereas CSP offers advantages for central and large-scale applications. CSP power
plants are the most cost-efficient way to generate and to store dispatch able CO2-free
electricity. However, there is no competition between both. Rather, they have to be seen as
complementary technologies.
PLF of CSP In the range of 20 % to 30 %
PLF of PV In the range of 15 % to 20 %

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Solar Energy - Technology
Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant
(CSP)

It contains;
Collector Field
Turbine
Generator
Cooling Tower
Transformer

Courtesy: ESP Solar

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Solar Energy - Technology
Solar Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
It contains;
Solar Arrays
Inverter
Transformer

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Solar Energy - Technology
In both CSP and PV technologies, solar resources plays major role.
Maps are available to calculate solar resource of a particular region. However, for both CSP
and PV technologies different solar radiations are taken into account.
Basically two types of solar radiations are there;
Global Horizontal irradiations (GHI)
Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)
For PV technologies GHI is considered. GHI
consists of diffuse radiations and direct
horizontal radiations (beam).
Minimum GHI 1000 kwh/m2 pa
For CSP, DNI is considered. DNI
is the amount of radiation received by
a surface which is permanently aligned
perpendicular to the incoming beam.
Minimum DNI 1900 kwh/m2 pa

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Solar Energy - Technology
A typical GHI irradiation Map for
India which is used to find a
feasible site for PV Plant.

A typical DNI irradiation Map for

India which is used to find a
feasible site for CSP Plant.

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 Solar Energy Current Scenario
The total installed capacity of solar
power (Both CSP and PV) as of 2008
is 2826 MW.
In India the total installed capacity of
solar power is around 2 MW.
In India, various government and
private players have entered into
CSP and PV markets.
MNRE has set a target to establish at
least 50 MW of solar projects during
the 11th plan.

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