35 D 5.5 Skill Builder The Distributive Property We can use this diagram to model 5 x 24. 20 This diagram shows: 5x 24=5x (20+ 4) rrene ah /e multiply the term outside the 5 x 20) + (5 x 4) brackets by each term inside the 100 + 20 brackets, then find the sum. 20 This shows the distributive property of multiplication. 1. How does each diagram show the distributive property? a) 10 5 b) 30 5 Use the distributive property to multiply. a) 7X 21=7X (2041) b) 8 x 43 = 8 x (40 + 3) (7x20) +(7 x1) =Multiply’ ing and When multiplying or dividing 2 integers, look at the sign of each integer: ‘* When the integers have the same sign, their product or quotient is positive, xe ‘© When the integers have different signs, (-) their product or quotient is negative. (+) 7x (4) These 2 integers have different signs, ay When one number is 7 x (-4) = -28 so their product is negative. ienied eee number, the result is (+12) + (-3) These 2 integers have the same called the quotient. (-12) + (-3)=4 sign, so their quotient is positive. Check — 41. Will the product be positive or negative? a) 9x5 b) 8 x (-3) ©) (-12)x5 d) (-7) x (-6) 2. Multiply a) 6x5= b) 4x (-10) = ©) (-7)x ) (-8) x (-6) = e) 12 (-5)= f) (4) x (-8) = 3. Will the quotient be positive or negative? a) 1843 b) (-36) +6 o) 72+ (-9) d) (48) + (-8) sibel 4. Divide. a) (-49) +7 _ b) (56) + (-8) = ©) 48+6= @) 81 +(-9)= @), (527) (S3)ie ss f) (-42) +D 5.5 Multiplying and Dividing a polynomis! by a Constant [EGETGH Use different strategies to multiply and divide a polynomial by a constant. To multiply 2(4x) with algebra tiles: Model 2 fows of 4 GES, — ~ -. a Recall: ‘There are 8 x-tiles. So, 2(4x) = 8x Example 7 | Using Algebra Tiles to Multiply a Polynomial by a Constant Find the product: 3(2b? — 2b + 1) Solution 3(2b? - 2b + 1) } |i I Model 3 rows of 2 2 ME, and 1B. il 7 These tiles represent: 6b? — 6b + 3. lee ais — ke So, 3(2b? — 2b + 1) = 6b? - 6b +3 es Check — 4. Sketch algebra tiles to multiply. Write the product each time. a) 34p ~ 3) = b) 2-2 +54 3)=‘When working symbolically, remember the rules for integer multiplication and division Example 2 | Using the Distributive Property to Multiply a Polynomial by a Constant Find the product: -5(4e? — Se + 3) Solution -5(ae? — Se +3) Multiply each term in brackets by —5. = (~5)(de2) + (—5)(—5e) + (-5)(3) Multiply. —2022 + 25e + (-15) —20e? + 25e— 15 Check 1. Multiply a) 37% + 9) Multiply each term in brackets by 3 3(7s2) + 3(9) Multiply: 3x 7= _ and3x9=_ =__8+ b) ~4(5e? - 82) Multiply each term in brackets by ~4. = Multiply ©) -5(-2d? - 3d + 6) d) 716? ~ By +9) We can use algebra tiles to divide a polynomial by a constant, To divide: (—8x) + 2 Arrange 8 SERIE into 2 equal rows. x x In each row there are 4 So, (-8x) +2 =3\ Example 3 | Using Algebra Tiles to Di ide a Polynomial by a Constant Find the quotient: (6s - 9) + 3 Solution s-9)+3 Arrange 6 GE==5 and 9 Wl into 3 equal rows. [as In each row, there are 2 G=EE50 and 3 @. So, (6s — 9) + 3 = 25-3 jcheckas — 4. Sketch algebra tiles to divide. Write the quotient each time a) (3g? + 12g) + 3= b) (-4b? + 6) +2 ©) (st — 4s +8) +4 = d) (-6? + 9¢- 9) + 3=When algebra tiles are not available, or when the divisor is negative, we can use what we already know about division. We can write 8x + 4 as a fraction: S¢ We write the fraction as a product, then simplify each fraction a8 a4 sale 2xx = Example 4 | Dividing a Polynomial by a Constant Symbolically Find the quotient: et Solution 7 =v 66 3 ‘Write as the sum of 2 fractions with denominator 3. Simplify the fractions. 3 xe+2 When 2 integers have different signs, the quotient is negative. -3xP42 =-374+2 Check 1. Divide. a) Bere ‘Write as the sum of 2 fractions with denominator 4. Simplify the fractions. = xR+ When 2 integers have the same sign, the quotient is =1. Which multiplication sentence does each rectangle represent? a) m 4 b) w 6 am +4)=(4x__)+@x__) 2. Write the multiplication sentence modelled by each set of tiles, a) & 3. Sketch algebra tiles to multiply. Write the product each time a) 3(6r- 4) = b) 2(-26? — b +3) =4. Multiply. a) 6-4 + 3) b) -8(-3k? ~ 2k +4) 6_)+6__) Ps 5. Which of these quotients is modelled by the tiles below? a) (15x - 9) + b) (-15x - 9) +3 ©) (15x +9) +3 Sketch algebra tiles to divide. Write the quotient each time. a) (3h? = 15h) = b) (-28? - 6a + 4) +2 = 7. Divide.