FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

DINAMIK & MEKANIK MESIN

BETM 2313 SEMESTER 1 SESI 2015/2016

LAB 5: TRANSVERSE VIBRATION OF A BEAM WITH BODY ATTACHED

NAME OF GROUP 1.
MEMBERS &
MATRIX NUMBER
2.

3.

4.

COURSE

DATE

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR 1.

2.

EXAMINERS COMMENT VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS
1. Introduction

The frequency of transverse vibrations of a beam with bodies attached is identical to the
critical (whirling) speed of a shaft of the same stiffness as the beam, carrying rotors of masses
which correspond to those of the bodies on the beam. The theory assumes small size rotors,
otherwise gyroscopic effects are involved. In the case of a beam with just one body attached,
the basic theory is the same as that in Experiment 6. For a beam with two or more bodies
attached, other methods can determine the frequency of free transverse vibrations.
Examples are as follows: Rayleigh or energy method (gives good results); Dunkley equation
(only approximate, but quite adequate); Rigorous analysis (accurate but arduous);
Experimental analysis, using the equipment described, (fairly simple and quick).

2. Experiment Apparatus (Part A)

Figure 1: Setup for Part A

3. Procedure Part A: Transverse Vibration of a Beam

Create a blank results table, similar to Table 1.Suspend bodies of different size mass, in,
below the motor. For each mass m, adjust the speed control until the beam vibrates at its
natural frequency and record the speed, then calculate the natural frequency (frequency =
speed/60). To find accurately the exact value of the natural frequency, adjust the speed to
above and below the natural frequency several times until you have a good estimate. Record
your answer for each mass.
 Table 1: Blank Result Table

4. Result Analysis

Plot a graph of (1/f2) to a base of m. This graph should give a straight line.
The intercept on the vertical axis is equal to (12 ).
Where:
f = Natural frequency of the system
fb = Natural frequency of the beam itself.

Evaluate and compare with the theoretical value obtained from:

=
2 3

Where:

L = Length of the beam (m)

E = Modulus of elasticity of material of the beam (N/m2)
I = Second moment of area of the beam section
mo = Mass of the beam by itself (kg); no masses attached.

Based on the graph, when the straight line is intercept with the vertical axis, the 1/f = 0.85
comparing to the theoreticaly 1/f= 0.64 which having 32.81% error. this error might be
caused by the un accuracy during control the speed to achive the vibration at its natural
frequency. It is cleary shown when the plotted graph is not in line as expected.
5. Experiment Apparatus Part B: Damped Transverse Vibration of a Beam

Damping forces are counteracting forces in a vibration system, which gradually reduce the
motion. Damping occurs in all natural vibrations and may be caused by Coulomb friction
(rubbing between one solid and another), or viscous resistance of a fluid as in this experiment
on damped transverse vibration of a beam using a dashpot, filled with oil.

Figure 2: Setup for Part B

Figure 2 shows the setup (it is similar to part A, but with a dashpot and micrometre fitted). In
this experiment you use a micrometre to measure the amplitude of vibration. A contact
breaker touches part of the micrometre to complete a very low voltage circuit that works with
a stroboscope to measure phase angle. Fit the dashpot (D2) and its support (E2) to the beam
to create damping. Add oil to the dashpot.

6. Procedure Part B: Damped Transverse Vibration of a Beam

From your results of part A, add a mass to the beam for which you know the natural
frequency. Allow the speed control unit time to warm-up, and then adjust the micrometre
plunger so that it just touches the contactor. Set the stroboscope to external trigger. It should
flash each time the micrometre touches the contactor. Take the micrometre reading. Use this
value as a datum position to find the amplitude of beam oscillation. Start the motor to turn at
a given frequency (see the results tables for suggested values). To find the amplitude, lower
the micrometre head and then adjust it up again until it makes contact, so the stroboscope
flashes at a uniform frequency (you may need to make careful adjustments until conditions
become steady). Now compare the new micrometre reading with your datum to find the
amplitude of oscillation.
To find the phase angle, hold the stroboscope near to the graduated disc on the motor shaft.
Because the stroboscope flashes at the same frequency as the rotational speed of the motor,
you should see a stable image of the graduated disc, and you should be able to read the phase
angle with respect to the datum mark on the motor. Repeat for a range of frequencies and for
light damping conditions to compare the effect of damping. To adjust the amount of damping,
rotate the two orifice plates inside the dashpot relative to one another to vary the effective
area. More area = more damping. Disconnect the dashpot to give no damping and repeat the
experiment.

Table 2: Data Table for Light Damping

Motor speed Frequency (Hz) Phase angle lag Amplitude x

(rev/min) (o) max. (mm)
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1800
2000
2500

Table 3: Data Table for No Damping

Motor speed Frequency (Hz) Phase angle lag Amplitude x

(rev/min) (o) max. (mm)
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1800
2000
2500
7. Result and Analysis for Part B.
Compare your results and plot graphs of amplitude and phase angle against the frequency

ratio , i.e. (exciting frequency / natural frequency). Please discus on both of your result.

8. Conclusion

Please state your conclusion base on this experiment.