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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Project proponent Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim (FFBL) associated with the proposed project according to the
intends to build a Halal Slaughterhouse and Meat Pakistan IEE and EIA Review Regulations 2000 and
Complex in Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, district Thatta, international environmental guidelines, such as those of
province Sindh. The project will encompass a modern the World Bank and IFC. Chapter 2 outlines the
state-of-the-art halal meat slaughtering facility with the applicable statutory environmental requirements and
objective of processing high quality meat, value added guidelines.
products and by-products with special focus on
The specic objectives of this EIA are to:
international markets i.e. UAE, KSA, Qatar, Bahrain,
Kuwait, Malaysia and Iran along with domestic market. Assess the existing conditions in the project area and
The facility will be capable to process meat of cattle, develop a baseline of its current environmental and
sheep and goat. socioeconomic conditions;
This EIA has been prepared to conform with the Assess the proposed activities of the project to
requirements of the Pakistan Environmental Protection identify their potential impact, evaluate these effects,
Act 1997 (PEPA), the Pakistan Initial Environmental and determine their significance;
Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Propose appropriate mitigation and monitoring
Assessment (EIA) Review Regulations 2000 and the
measures that can be incorporated into the projects
guidelines provided in the Pakistan Environmental
design to remove or reduce negative impact as far
Assessment Procedures, 1997.
as possible, and to control and monitor any residual
FFBL has involved SGS Pakistan (Private) Limited to impact (i.e. the effects that remain after mitigation
undertake the required assessment. This report presents measures are implemented);
the EIA process and its findings, project alternatives,
Prepare an EIA report for submittal to Sindh
project impacts, and mitigation measures to be
Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA).
implemented during the execution of the proposed
activities. Environmental and Socio-Economical Baseline Studies
Assessment Methodology The project area is defined as the areas where the project
related activities to be carried, include the proposed
This study has been conducted using standard
project site and surroundings and the areas that can
environmental assessment methodology, in accordance
interact with various aspects of the project. The
with national and international environmental
environmental impact of any activity or process is
guidelines. The study evaluates the proposed project
assessed on the basis of a deviation from the baseline or
according to the environmental assessment
normal situation. Following are the main components of
requirements of the Pakistan Initial Environmental
the baseline:
Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Review Regulations 2000. In addition, Physical Environment
the environmental international guidelines such as the
World Bank environmental guidelines, Equator Biological Environment
Principles, International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Socioeconomic Environment
guidelines and international best available practices
have been consulted. The baseline data on above components were collected
Project Location through desk-top surveys, literature review; field
surveys; existing information sources and data purchase.
The proposed project is located in district Thatta, taluqa
Meetings and data gathering from various organizations
Mirpur Sakro and UC Dhabeji. FFBL existing fertilizer
including, but not limited to:
plant is approximately 7km away from the proposed
project location. The halal slaughterhouse and meat District Government
complex covers an area of about 20.45 Acres. A key map
showing the location of the project area is shown in Union Council Dhabeji
Figure ES 0.1.
Sindh Wildlife Department
Purpose and Scope of the Study
The purpose of this EIA is to evaluate the activities Sindh Livestock and Fisheries Department
Executive Summary 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Executive Summary 02
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
National Rural Support Program (NRSP) form of wells and aquifers exist in Taluqa Mirpur Sakhro
union council Dhabeji in Thatta district. But the normal
IUCN Pakistan depth of ground water in the project area is
WWF Pakistan approximately 80 -100ft.
Climatology and Meteorology
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The climate of the project area can be broadly classified
as arid, moderate, hot and humid climate typical of
Physical Features, Topography, Geology
subtropical coastal areas under the influence of
The proposed project corridor mainly comprises of monsoons. The mild winter is restricted to the
district Thatta Taluqa Mirpur Sakro and Union Council December-February period. The summer extends from
(UC) Dhabeji and moreover it is one kilometre away April to September, which overlaps the short spells of
from Malir district of Sindh province. The project site the main rainy season during July-August. The weather
lies close to Gagar Phatak along the N-5 National tends to be very humid during May-June and September
Highway towards Thatta district. and pleasant during the periods of July to August and
The proposed project area can be divided into five zones November to March. Last five years metrological data of
on the basis of topographical features i.e. ridge and the project area was collected to evaluate the trend of the
runnel upland in Sindh Kohistan, colluvial fans and project area climate.
plains of Gadap, plains of Moidan and Gadap, plains Natural Disasters
and plateaus of Malir-Lyari interfluous, plains and hills The area of Dhabeji District Thatta Tehsil Mirpur Sakhru
of the coastal belt and project site is forty meters above comes under low seismicity zones, as per classification
sea level. The ridge and runnel upland in Sindh of National Disaster Risk Management Department
Kohistan is the sector of rugged topography in the north (NDRM). So the project area is under low seismicity
of Malir district that is spread over the width of an zone.
offshoot branch of Kirthar range. The project area has
minor drainage risk which indicates the geological It was concluded from the primary stakeholder
characteristic having rocky base altering layers of consultation and past flood data review that the project
consolidated sandstones interventional by silt and clay area has never been affected from the flood hazards.
belts.
Environmental Baseline Monitoring
Soil Characteristics of Project Area In order to assess the baseline conditions of the project
The physical soil characteristics of project site area, following environmental components were
investigated by geotechnical study at 10 meter depth monitored;
showed that the soil was yellowish brown, very dense,
silty fine to coarse grained with some gravels and silty 1. Ambient air quality monitoring,
clay.
2. Noise monitoring,
Hydrology of Project Area
3. Soil sampling and analysis,
There are plenty of surface water resources in the project
corridor which is situated on the right bank of river 4. Water sampling and analysis.
Indus in Thatta district, in the form of rivers, canals,
streams and wetlands. Large amount of these water Environmental baseline monitoring was conducted at
resources are used for agricultural in Thatta district; different locations of the project site.
whereas its viable volume is used for drinking purposes.
Ambient Air Quality: Project site lies in rural area of
Project corridor bordering Thatta in Right Bank Outfall
Dhabeji adjacent to N-5 National Highway towards
Drain (RBOD) is out of magnificent deltaic regions
Thatta district. There is no industrial pollution source in
because the old branch of Indus which ran through
the vicinity of project site as there are only rice godown
Gharo Creek is silted up and now is only represented by
(storage) and agriculture land in nearby areas. Vehicular
the Kalri canal. Gharo Creek is approximately 6.9km
emission and vehicular noise are the only major source
from the project site.
of pollution at project site. Local community use wood
Approximately 15km within the project area four as fuel for burning purpose. The overall ambient air
natural flood drains exist i.e. Ghaggar Dhora, Lath Wala quality result shows carbon monoxide (CO)
Dhora,Jhulay wala nala and Dhabeji wala Dhora. Lath concentration is high which is due to vehicular
Wala Dhora flood drainage passes adjacent to the movement of National Highway as well as Port Qasim
boundary wall of project site towards Arabian Sea. It was industrial area activities contribute in increase the
found during primary stakeholder consultation that concentration of CO of the project area, while rest of all
Lath Wala Dhora remains dry in floods season. There parameters are well within limits of National
is a rational number of ground water resources in the Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS).
Executive Summary 03
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Noise: Elevated noise is viably absent in project parts of the district. These plants are exceptions in the
proximities due to acute absence of noise causing prevailing barren landscape. Salvadora oleoides,
equipments in the project corridors. Generally, Prosopis Sanegal ,Acacia Arabica, Tamarix gallica
significant sources of noise emanation are triggered by ,Calotropis procera and Azadiradita indica are common
transportation, population and railway traffic which is species of the project area.
assumed falling extremely short particularly in the
project proximities. Noise monitoring results trend Faunal Diversity of the Project Area: During field visit
indicates the lowest acoustic level 57dB and was highest 12 large and small mammals, 6 reptiles and amphibian
recorded 60.2dB. Pakistan EPA has regulated maximum and 32 bird species were observed (lists are provided in
permissible limit at day time 50dB and in night hour is Chapter 4). Most common species of birds are cattle
45dB. As such, the acoustic figure of noise monitored on egrets, ring dove, seed eaters such as pigeons, birds with
hourly basis is not complying with NEQS defined limits. a more varied diet such as white-eared bulbuls,
This increase in noise level is due to heavy vehicular sparrows, the brown-headed raven, shrikes, nightjars,
movement on nearby National Highway. woodpeckers, rollers, swallows, martins, wagtails, chats,
robins, warblers, white-throats, flycatchers, sunbird,
Soil: Both soil samples SS-I and SS-II indicates the soil of drongo, mynas, sparrows, and buntings are also found.
project site is eco-friendly and is found free from 06 species of reptiles were observed during biological
noxious pollutants that can cause any damage to soil baseline field visit, a detail list is provided in Chapter 4.
cover of the project corridor. Organic pollutants
Socio-economic Environment
including oil & grease, TPH and phenolic compounds
were mostly found at levels below reporting limit; A detailed socioeconomic survey was carried out in and
whereas inorganic pollutants including cyanides & around the project area. The purpose of the survey was
heavy metals were also registered at such low levels to to enumerate, evaluate and assess the existing social,
cause any sort of environmental disturbance to soil cultural and economic conditions and to determine the
environment of the project site. communitys requirements. During field visit a total of
11 villages comprising of approximately 6475 total
Water Quality: Chemical and physical analyses pattern population was surveyed. The population in the near
carried out on 05 water samples indicating the most villages of project site at union council Dhabeji in five
water samples were found brackish in character except kilometer radius is scanty (less than 1000) except in two
Sample-3(Dhabeji surface water) and are not complying villages i.e. Siddique Goth and Achar Salar Goth lying
NEQS regulated guidelines on drinking water from in Gadap town. The major population consulted during
palatability context. Almost all water sources are the socioeconomic survey was mainly from these two
contaminated with suspended matter. Heavy metal Goths. The majority of the population belongs to
contaminants such as iron, manganese and zinc are Kalmati Baloch or Jokhio tribes. Another tribe reported
present at such low level to cause any sort of during the field visit was Bhaway Baloch. These tribes
environmental damage to these water sources. The speak Sindhi, Balochi and understand urdu language.
elevated figure of BOD & COD in Sample-5 is indicating Average family size is around 4 to 8 members in various
contamination of sufficient organic matter in the Sea villages in the project area. Semi Pakka houses are
water. Karachi Sea water is regarded final outfall of common with maximum two rooms or minimum one
highly contaminated & un-treated wastewater drains room and open area inside the boundary wall of each
with the result that near shoreline is flooded with large house. Outtak system is village tradition, mostly Outaak
dissolved & un-dissolved pollutants. As such its (Guest house) constructed near main entrance of the
BOD/COD figures are lingering at elevated levels as village where all male guest stay and are also used for
compared to ground or surface stream water which is open discussion on daily routine.
derived from municipality distribution outlets.
The women of the area are very hard working and more
Biological Environment of the Project Area practical than men. Generally the women responsibilities
Project area falls under non protected area classification include cooking food, dish washing, washing of cloths,
compared to other areas of Thatta Distict. There is no and sewing of cloths, making Rillihies and look after
protected area within 5 km radius of project boundary. their children. In addition to these activities, women
Keenjhar and Haleji lakes are more than 80km far while were also seen working in the agriculture fields, busy in
Indus delta (Gharo Creek) is approximately 6.9km away harvesting crops, picking of cotton and feeding and
from the project site. milking of livestock. Most of the women in project area
are illiterate and have no authority to interfere in
Faunal Diversity of the Project Area: The vegetation of domestic decision making.
project area is very scanty and consists of desolate
shrubs, bushes and trees. The woody, thorny, Electricity supply system exists but only in three to four
under-shrubs are usually not above thirty centimetres in villages of the project area. People of the area use
height. Mesquite, an exotic species that is bushy in kerosene oil for laltain (a sort of lamp) in night hours for
shape, has spread over large areas in the south-eastern lighting purpose. It was noted that the water supply
Executive Summary 04
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
system is also available in few of villages in the area. The All the above alternatives were analyzed and most
piped water provided in the area is unreliable and serve feasible option was adopted.
few villages only.
Stakeholder Consultation
The major source of income for the surrounding of Primary stakeholders were consulted during informal
project area is livestock and agriculture. The major and formal meetings held in the project area. The
industries are located in Port Qasim, Dhabaji and in consultation process was carried out in the Sindhi and
Gharoand people from the surrounding villages are Urdu languages. During these meetings a simple,
working as labour in these industries. A study on Thatta non-technical, description of the project was given, with
reported that there are almost 05 sugar mills, 09 textile an overview of the projects likely human and
industries, 01 cement factory and several rice and flour environmental impact. This was followed by an open
mills are operating in the Dhabaji and Gharo areas. discussion allowing participants to voice their concerns
and opinions. The community member hoped that the
The health facilities are minimal for the population new project will provide jobs for local community and
living in the area. Most of the villages have no hospital, FFBL will also provide health and education facilities as
clinic and basic health unit, where as Siddique Goth has welfare work in the area.
only one basic health unit. Mammu Goth has a hospital
near village while Achar Salar Goth has health facility in Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal
the village. The available health facilities in the area are as government officials, national and international
just enough to address common diseases. For the NGOs were consulted during face-to-face meetings.
advance treatment of any serious and complicated Generally, all of the secondary stakeholders are in the
disease, people used to visit the city centre especially in favour of the proposed project and they admit the
Gharo and Gulshane-Hadeed for proper medical proposed project should be executed but with
treatment. appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the
environmental and social impacts. The findings of the
Although the project area is located in union council stakeholder consultations have been addressed in
Dhabeji Taluka Mirpur sakhro adjacent to Karachi, but various sections of the EIA, and the mitigation plans
the education facilities in the area are distressing. Most have been incorporated into the EMP.
of the villages have only primary schools. The number
of proper schools in the project area is negligible. The Potential Project Impact and Mitigation
literacy rate reported is very low, i.e., average literacy The EIA covers potential effects of the proposed project
rate is only11% in the surrounding villages of the project activities in the project area. Potential impacts on the
area. physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural
environment that may arise from the construction and
Focused group discussions revealed a high satisfaction operational activities and the mitigation measures that
of locals based on their past experience with FFBL. The will be adopted to reduce or minimize the impact have
majority of participants expressed no serious complaints been assessed and are summarised in Table ES 0.1. The
regarding FFBL activities in the area and welcomed the construction and operational activities will also have
idea of the proposed project. The community member positive impacts on the local communities.
also hoped that the new project will provide jobs for
local community and FFBL will also provide health and
education facilities as welfare work in the area.
Project Alternatives
A number of alternatives to the main technology /
philosophy proposed for the project were considered. It
includes a discussion of the alternatives, their criteria for
selection, comparison and selection of the preferred
option that is most practicable within the defined
economic, social, environmental and safety constraints.
Project alternatives were evaluated taking into
consideration the principles of sustainable development
and other defined criteria. In particular it outlines the
following project options:
Executive Summary 05
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Table ES 0.1: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures (Construction & Operational)
Executive Summary 06
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Executive Summary 07
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Executive Summary 08
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Executive Summary 09
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Executive Summary 10
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Executive Summary 11
Table of Contents
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ExECuTIvE SuMMAry
1 InTrODuCTIOn 01 Of 05
1.1 PrOjECT TITlE AnD PrOjECT PrOPOnEnTS 01 Of 05
1.1.1PrOjECT TITlE 01 Of 05
1.5.1 SCOPIng 02 Of 05
1.5.3 bASElInE 02 Of 05
2 lEgAl frAMEwOrk 01 Of 19
2.1 COnSTITuTIOnAl PrOvISIOn 01 Of 19
2.2.4. POlICy & PrOCEDurES fOr THE fIlIng, rEvIEw AnD APPrOvAl
Of EnvIrOnMEnTAl ASSESSMEnTS 02 Of 19
Contents 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Contents 02
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
3 PrOjECT DESCrIPTIOn 01 Of 11
3.1 nEED ASSESSMEnT Of THE PrOjECT 01 Of 11
3.6.2 lAIrAgE 05 Of 11
3.6.4 DETEnTIOn 06 Of 11
3.6.5 CHIllIng 06 Of 11
3.6.6 frEEzIng 06 Of 11
3.6.8 PACkAgIng 07 Of 11
3.8.1 STAffIng 08 Of 11
Contents 03
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
4.4.4 DEMOgrAPHICS 30 Of 39
5 PrOjECT AlTErnATIvES 01 Of 02
5.1 nO DEvElOPMEnT OPTIOn 01 Of 02
Contents 04
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
6 STAkEHOlDEr COnSulTATIOn 01 Of 06
6.1 ObjECTIvES Of STAkEHOlDEr COnSulTATIOn 01 Of 06
Contents 05
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
7.6.9. TrAffIC 11 Of 23
Contents 06
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
7.7.3. wASTEwATEr 17 Of 23
7.7.5. nOISE 20 Of 23
7.7.6. TrAffIC 20 Of 23
8.5.1 gEnErAl 02 Of 15
Contents 07
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
9. COnCluSIOn 01 Of 01
10. rEfErEnCE 01 Of 01
AnnExurES
AnnEx-I: PrOjECT TEAM
Contents 08
Chapter 01
Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
01 - IntroductIon
This chapter includes the data relevant to the undertaking export & domestic usage.
of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
details of the project title and project proponent, EIA The Project will encompass a modern state-of-the-art
Consultants, the project rationale and the approach halal meat slaughtering facility with the objective of
taken to the EIA study. processing high quality meat, value added products and
by-products with special focus on international markets
1.1 Project tItle and Project i.e. UAE, KSA, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Malaysia and
ProPonents Iran along with domestic market. The facility will be
capable to process meat of cattle, sheep and goat.
1.1.1 PROJECT TITLE 1.2 eIa consultants
The proposed project to which this Environmental
Impact Assessment relates is entitled as Halal The EIA study was carried out by team of SGS Pakistan
Slaughterhouse and Meat Complex, in Thatta District, comprising of environmentalist, sociologist, environmental
Sindh Province. A key map showing the location of the chemist, geologist, and hydrologist, ecologist and sector
project area is shown in Figure 1.1. experts with diversified experience on local and
international assignments. The detail of the project team
deputed on this assignment is given in Annex-I.
1.1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT
The proponent for the proposed project is Fauji 1.3 eIa requIrement
Fertilizer Bin Qasim (FFBL). The project proponent
refers to the organization which will invest and be The EIA has been prepared to conform with the
responsible for the project initiation and safe operation. requirements of the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Act 1997 (PEPA), the Pakistan Initial Environmental
FFBL core business is fertilizer production. The Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment
Company started out in 1993 as Fauji Fertilizer Review Regulations 2000 and the guidelines provided
Company (FFC), a joint venture of Fauji Foundation, in the Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures,
Fauji Fertilizer and Jordan Phosphate Mines Company 1997.
(JPMC). It planned to produce, for the first time in
Pakistan, 1,670 metric tons per day of Granulated Urea 1.4 eIa Process
and 1,350 metric tons of Di-Ammonia phosphate (DAP).
In 2003, after JPMC sold its shares, it was renamed as 1.4.1 OVERVIEW OF EIA
Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (FFBL). The major EIA is a systematic process to identify, predict and
share-holders are FFC (51%) and Fauji Foundation evaluate the environmental impacts of proposed actions
(17%). It is a listed company with authorized and paid and projects. The process is applied prior to major
up capital of Rs. 11,000 million and Rs. 9,341 million, decisions and commitments being made. Wherever
respectively. FFBL plant site is a modern Granular Urea appropriate, social, cultural and health effects are
and Di-Ammonia Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer considered as an integral part of EIA. Particular attention
manufacturing complex, built at a cost of US$ 468 is given to practical implementation of EIA to prevent
million and located on 350 acres in the Eastern Zone of and mitigate significant adverse effects of proposed
Bin Qasim, Karachi. undertakings.
In line with FFBLs Corporate Strategic Goal creating
new opportunities for business growth and 1.4.2 OBJECTIVE OF EIA
diversification, FFBL has been evaluating various The overall objective of the EIA is as follows:
options for investment in diversified businesses. One of
the core interest areas for FFBL is meat processing Identifying possible environmental impacts;
business for export and domestic usage.
Screening of impacts to identify more significant
FFBL conducted detailed feasibility study (DFS) through impacts;
a consortium of local & foreign consultants. On the
outcome of the feasibility study, FFBL Management has Evaluating those impacts;
approved investment in meat processing business for
Chapter 01 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Finding out alternatives; the appropriate time and space boundaries of the
EIA study;
1.4.3 SCOPE OF EIA the information necessary for decision-making;
This EIA covers the construction and operation of meat
abattoir production facility at Deh Kohistan, Tehsil the significant effects and factors to be studied in
Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta. The scope of the EIA detail.
includes:
The scoping was followed by data collection describes
Construction of the proposed project infrastructure in subsequent section.
Chapter 01 02
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Noise conditions;
1.5.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND
Socio-economic conditions; MITIGATION
Archaeology. The information collected in the previous phases was
used to assess the potential environmental impacts of
Both the existing secondary sources and literature the proposed project activities. The impact assessment
studies were conducted and integrated into one coherent approach is provided in Table 1-1. Detailed methodology
description of baseline characteristics. is included in Chapter 7 of the report. Mitigation
measures were evaluated to reduce the impacts of
1.5.4 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES project activities on environment. The issues studied
during impact assessment include potential impacts on:
To establish an environmentally sound preferred option
for achieving the objectives of the proposed project, Physical environment of the area
project site and technology alternatives were studied in
collaboration with the project proponent. Technology Biological environment of the area
selection was made taking in to consideration
environmentally, economically and socially suitable as Socio-economic environment of the area
well as technically feasible options.
Chapter 01 03
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
1.6 organIzatIon of the and macro-environment using the matrix method and it
rePort explains the mitigation measures proposed for the
project in order to minimize the impacts to acceptable
This report has been structured in the following manner: limits.
Chapter 01 04
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 01 05
Chapter 02
Legal Framework
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
02 - LegaL Framework
This chapter provides an overview of the environmental and restore Pakistans environment in order to improve
Policies, legislation, and guidelines that may have the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable
relevance to the proposed project. These include national development. The NEP identifies the following set of
environmental Policy, legislation and guidelines; and sectoral and cross-sectoral guidelines to achieve its Goal
international conventions and guidelines. FFBL will be of sustainable development.
required to adhere to the relevant requirements of the
Sectoral Guidelines:
Policies and legislation during the construction and
operation of the proposed activities; which has also been Water and sanitation, Air quality and noise, Waste
incorporated in the mitigation measures and the EMP management, Forestry, Biodiversity and Protected areas,
provided in the EIA. Climate change and Ozone depletion, Energy efficiency
and renewable, agriculture and livestock, and Multilateral
2.1 ConstitutionaL Provision environmental agreements.
Chapter 02 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
conservation of biodiversity; pollution prevention and necessary details on the preparation, submission, and
abatement; soil and water conservation; and preservation review of the initial environmental examination (IEE)
of cultural heritage, and recommends immediate attention and the environmental impact assessment (EIA). It
to these core areas in order to preserve the countrys provides schedules of proposals that require either an
environment. initial environmental examination (IEE) or an
environmental impact assessment (EIA).
NCS does not directly apply to projects. However, FFBL
should ensure that the project should not add to the 2.3 nationaL environmentaL
aggravation of the 14 core environmental issues
identified in the NCS and mitigation measures should
LegisLation
be adopted to minimise or avoid any contribution of the The definition of environmental law can be derived from
project in these areas. the legal definition of environment. In Section 2(x) of
the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA
2.2.3. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL 1997) environment is defined to include air, water, land
ACTION PLANSUPPORT and layers of the atmosphere; living organisms and
PROGARMME (NEAPSP) inorganic matter; the ecosystem and ecological
relationships; buildings, structures, roads, facilities and
The Government of Pakistan and United Nations works; social and economic conditions affecting
Development Programme (UNDP) have jointly initiated community life; and the interrelationship between these
an umbrella support programme called the National elements. From this definition, an environmental law
Environmental Action Plan-Support Programme can be considered to include all laws that are designed
(NEAP-SP) signed in October 2001 and implemented to, or that directly or indirectly affect, the management
in 2002. The development objective supported by of natural resources including the control of pollution of
NEAP-SP is environmental sustainability and poverty these natural resources.
reduction in the context of economic growth.
By this definition, environmental laws include a) laws
2.2.4. POLICY & PROCEDURES FOR THE that have been specifically enacted to protect the
environment such as the PEPA 1997, and b) laws relating
FILING, REVIEW AND APPROVAL to subject such as forest, water resources, wildlife, land,
OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS agriculture, health, and town planning. Table 2.1 shows
The Policy & Procedures for the Filing, Review and key environment, health and safety related legislative
Approval of Environmental Assessments, prepared by powers of federal and provincial government, enforcing
the PEPA under the powers conferred upon it by the agencies and pertinent laws.
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, provide the
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2.3.1. PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL The Regulations also require that all projects located in
environmentally sensitive areas require preparation of
PROTECTION ACT 1997 an EIA. As the proposed project falls under the category
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA) defined in schedule II (as per IEE/EIA Regulations, 2000)
is the basic legislative tool empowering the government so EIA study is conducted for this project.
to frame regulations for the protection of the environment.
The PEPA is broadly applicable to air, water, soil, marine 2.3.3. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
and noise pollution. Penalties have been prescribed for QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS)
those contravening the provisions of the Act. The powers
of the federal and provincial Environmental Protection The NEQS promulgated under the PEPA 1997 specify
Agencies (EPAs) were also considerably enhanced under standards for industrial and municipal effluents,
this legislation and they have been given the power to gaseous emissions, vehicular emissions, and noise levels.
conduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental The PEPA 1997 empowers the EPAs to impose pollution
law either of their own accord, or upon the registration charges in case of non-compliance to the NEQS.
of a complaint. On November 26th 2010, the SRO 1062(1)/2010 was
Under section 12 of PEPA, no project involving construction issued which defines the standards for drinking water
activities or any change in the environment can be taken air and noise. The tables of various standards are
unless an IEE or EIA as required is conducted and reproduced here.
a report submitted to the federal or provincial EPA. During the construction and post development phase of
the project, NEQS will apply to all type of effluents and
2.3.2. PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL emissions. NEQS for municipal and industrial effluents,
PROTECTION AGENCY REVIEW OF motor vehicle exhaust and noise and selected gaseous
IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS, 2000 pollutants from industrial source are provided from
Table 2-2 to 2-7 below.
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review
of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 (the Regulations),
prepared by the Pak-EPA under the powers conferred
upon it by the PEPA, provide the necessary details on
the preparation, submission, and review of the initial
environmental examination (IEE) and the environmental
impact assessment (EIA).
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TABLE 27: NEQS FOR SELECTED GASEOUS POLLUTANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
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2.3.10. PAKISTAN PREVENTION OF The PEPC has been formed by the Federal Government.
Its members include the Prime Minister of Pakistan, as
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ACT, 1890 the Chairperson; the Minister for Environment as the
The Pakistan Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1890 vice-Chairperson; Governors of the Provinces; Ministers
states that "If any person overdrives, beats, or otherwise in charge of the subject of environment in the Provinces;
treats any animal so as to subject it to unnecessary pain Secretary to the Federal Government in-charge of the
or suffering, he shall be punished, in the case of a first Ministry of Environment; Director General Federal EPA;
offence, with fine or with imprisonment for a term heads of other federal and provincial departments;
which may extend to one month and, in the case of environmentalists and community representatives
second or subsequent offence committed within three including scientists. The functions and powers of the
years of the previous offence, with fine, or with Council include formulation of national environmental
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three Policy, enforcement of PEPA 1997, approval of the
months, or with both." NEQS, incorporation of environmental considerations
in to national development plans and policies and
A portion of the Act titled, "Penalty for killing animals provide guidelines for the protection and conservation
with unnecessary cruelty anywhere", states, "If any of biodiversity in general and for the conservation of
person kills any animal in an unnecessarily cruel renewable and non-renewable resources.
manner, he shall be punished with fine which may
extend to two hundred rupees, or with imprisonment The Federal government has also formed the Federal
for a term which may extend to six months, or with EPA, which is headed by a Director General and has
both."
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Group, 2008. The issues not discussed in this guideline have been
provided in the General EHS guidelines published by
The first two publications provide general guidelines for the IFC.
conducting EIAs, and address EIA practitioners as well
as project designers. While the Sourcebook in particular Performance Indicators and Monitoring
has been designed with Bank projects in mind, and is This section provides the performance indicators of
especially relevant for the impact assessment of various parameters both from an environmental as well
large-scale infrastructure projects, it contains a wealth of as occupational health and safety perspective. The
useful information, for environmentalists and project monitoring requirements of various parameters during
proponents. plant operation phase are also provided in this section.
The Sourcebook identifies a number of areas of concern, Environmental Performance Indicators and Monitoring:
which should be addressed during impact assessment. The environmental performance indicators provide the
It sets out guidelines for the determination of impacts, effluent and air emissions guideline values of various
provides a checklist of tools to identify possible parameters during meat processing operations. Effluent
biodiversity issues and suggests possible mitigation guidelines are provided in Table 2-8 and WHO drinking
measures. Possible development project impacts on water guidelines are provided in Table 2-9. Effluent
different areas such as wild lands, wetlands and forests guidelines are applicable for direct discharges of treated
are also identified and mitigation measures suggested. effluents to surface waters.
The EHS guidelines are technical reference documents Furthermore emissions should not result in pollutant
with general and industry-specific examples of Good concentrations that reach or exceed relevant ambient
International Industry Practice (GIIP). quality guidelines and standards by applying national
legislated standards (i.e. NEQS), or in their absence, the
These guidelines contain the performance levels and current WHO Air Quality Guidelines, or other
measures that are generally considered to be achievable internationally recognised sources. The WHO ambient
in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable air quality guidelines are provided in Table 2-10.
costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing
facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines:
targets, based on environmental assessments and/or Occupational health and safety performance should be
environmental audits as appropriate, with an appro evaluated against internationally published exposure
priate timetable for achieving them. guidelines, of which examples include the Threshold
Limit Value (TLV) occupational exposure guidelines
The guidelines provide a brief description of the following: and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) published by
Industry Specific Impacts & Mitigation Management: American Conference of Governmental Industrial
This section provides a summary of the most significant Hygienists (ACGIH), the Pocket Guide to Chemical
EHS issues associated which occur during the Hazards published by the United States National
operational phase, along with recommendations for Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH),
their management. The section also highlights the Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) published by the
environmental issues related with proposed project Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the
operations including the following: United States (OSHA), Indicative Occupational
Exposure Limit Values published by European Union
Air emissions; member states, or other similar sources.
Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions; The working environment should be monitored for
occupational hazards relevant to the specific project.
Water consumption; Monitoring should be designed and implemented by
accredited professionals as part of an occupational
Effluents;
health and safety monitoring program. Facilities should
Solid wastes; also maintain a record of occupational accidents and
diseases and dangerous occurrences and accidents.
Noise
Water consumption;
Traffic safety.
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Convention are:
2.7.5. INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR
To designate wetlands for the List of Wetlands of CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND
International Importance. NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN) RED
To formulate and implement planning so as to LIST
promote wise use of wetlands, to carry out an EIA The red list is published by IUCN and includes those
before transformations of wetlands, and to make species that are under potential threat of extinction.
national wetland inventories. These species have been categorized as:
To establish nature reserves on wetlands and Endangered: species that are sent to be facing a very
provide adequately for their wardening and high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future,
through management to increase waterfowl reduction of 50% or more either in the last 10 years
populations on appropriate wetlands. or over the last three generations, survive only in
small numbers, or have very small populations.
To train personnel competent in wetland research,
management and wardening. Vulnerable in Decline: species that are seen to be
facing a risk of extinction in the wild, having
To promote conservation of wetlands by combining
apparent reductions of 20% or more in the last 10
far-sighted national policies with coordinated
years or three generations.
international action, to consult with other contracting
parties about implementing obligations arising from Vulnerable: species that are seen to be facing a high
the Convention, especially about shared wetlands risk of extinction in the wild, but not necessarily
and water system. experiencing recent reductions in population size.
To promote wetland conservation concerns with Lower Risk: species that are seen to be facing a risk
development aid agencies. of extinction that is lesser in extent that for any of
the above categories.
To encourage research and exchange of data.
Data Deficient: species that may be at risk of
So far 19 sites in Pakistan have been declared as
extinction in the wild but at the present time there
wetlands of International Importance or Ramsar Sites.
is insufficient information available to make a firm
None of these wetlands is located within or in close decision about its status.
vicinity of the project area.
2.8 internationaL and
2.7.4. CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL nationaL environment
TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES and Conservation
OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA organizations
(CITES) 2.8.1. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL
This convention came into effect on 03 March 1973 in NGOS
Washington. In all 130 countries are signatory to this
convention with Pakistan signing the convention in 1976. International environmental and conservation
The convention requires the signatories to impose strict organisations such as IUCN and the World Wide Fund
regulation (including penalization, confiscation of the for nature (WWF) have been active in Pakistan for some
specimen etc.) regarding trade of all species threatened time. Both these organisations have worked closely with
with extinction or that may become so, in order not to government and act in an advisory role with regard to
endanger further their survival. the formulation of environmental and conservation
Policies. Since the convening of the Rio Summit, a
The Convention contains three appendices. Appendix I number of national environmental NGOs have also
include all species threatened with extinction which are been formed, and have been engaged in advocacy, and
or may be affected by trade. The Convention requires in some cases, research. Most prominent national
that trade in these species should be subject to strict environmental NGOs, such as the Sustainable
regulation. Appendix II include species that are not Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Strengthening,
necessarily threatened presently but may become so Participatory Organization (SPO), Shehri, and
unless trade in specimens of these species is subject to Shirkatgah are members of the Pakistan National
strict regulation. Appendix III includes species which Committee (PNC) of IUCN.
any contracting party identifies as subject to regulations
in trade and requires other parties to cooperate in this As mentioned earlier, environmental NGOs have been
matter. particularly active in advocacy, as proponents of s
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Chapter 02 19
Chapter 03
Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
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03 - Project DescriPtion
This chapter provides the description of the proposed It will help to utilize the slaughter wastes for
project of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex processing into quality by-products, with a value
components and requirements. addition, thereby avoiding environmental pollution
and improving the economic returns from the
3.1 neeD Assessment of the slaughtered animals. In addition, Bio Gas plant is
Project also being considered, which will help in reducing
the projects carbon foot print and producing
Pakistan has not been able to exploit its large livestock environment friendly fertilizer.
population to become a major player in the international
halal meat trade, as meat slaughtered in the traditional It will help to encourage development of the
abattoirs fails to meet international standards. ancillary industries around the abattoir based on
Considering potential and massive opportunities for utilization of slaughter house wastes such as offal
Pakistan, to tap into and network with international (casings/surgical sutures/pet foods), bones (bone
distributors, to cater to the demand for Halal meat meal), blood (blood meal), tertiary animal by
globally, FFBL conducted detailed feasibility study products (like gelatin, gums used by the
(DFS) through a consortium of local & foreign pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry), meat
consultants. On the outcome of the DFS, FFBL meal/ hoof and horn meal etc (animal feed industry),
Management has approved investment in meat processed hide/pelt (leather industry), gut-contents
processing business for export & domestic usage. (manure for agricultural crops or for Bio Gas Plant
for energy) etc.
The project will encompass a modern state-of-the-art
halal meat slaughtering facility with the objective of It will help to increase Pakistans export potential
processing high quality meat, value added products and through meat and value added quality meat
by-products with special focus on international markets products.
i.e. United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia (KSA), Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Malaysia and Iran The proposed project will itself process and produce
along with domestic market. The facility will be capable food-products with value addition such as chilled
to process meat of Cattle, Sheep and Goat. meat (full carcasses and meat cuts) for domestic and
export markets, frozen meat, boneless, boneless
3.2 Project objective meat cuts, and others.
The objective of the proposed project is the construction 3.3 Project LocAtion
of modern halal abattoir and to producing international
standard products and by-products for export and The proposed project is located in district Thatta, taluqa
domestic market. Further, plant will have latest packing Mirpur Sakro and UC Dhabeji. The project site lies near
facility required to export the product as per main N-5, National Highway towards Thatta district.
international standards. The proposed project will Malir district also comes within the 5km radius of study
provide the following advantages: area.
The project will provide additional income and FFBL existing fertilizer plant is approximately 7km away
gainful employment to the nearby villagers and from the proposed project location. The halal slaughter
animal producers. house and meat complex covers an area of about 20.45
Acres. A description of salient features of proposed
It will help to provide required backward and project site is given in Table 3-1.
forward linkage with the farmer-producers to
benefit them from production of better quality 3.3.1 EXISTING FFBL FACILITIES
animals and enable them to establish direct marketing
Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (FFBL)s fertilizer
of animals to the abattoir instead of the present
plant is approximately 7km away from the proposed
system of depending on middle-men/commission
project location towards North on N-5 National
agents.
Highway. Fertilizer Plant is a modern Granular Urea
It will help to produce a clean and quality meat for and Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizers
both domestic and export consumers. manufacturing complex which has following facilities;
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1. Power Generation Capacity: 44 megawatt (02 GE The proposed project of halal slaughterhouse and meat
Gas turbines of 22 MW each) complex, FFBL has a plan to commence its construction
by the end of 2013, and the commissioning is anticipated
2. Bulk Water Storage Capacity: 70 KT to take place in the start of 2015.
3. Phosphoric Acid Storage Capacity: 45 KT
3.5 ProPoseD Project
4. Accommodation facility DescriPtion
5. Training facility Modern halal abattoir is designed with the objective of
producing international standard products and
6. Clinical facility. by-products for export and domestic market. Further,
plant will have latest packing facility required to export
3.4 Project PhAses AnD the product as per international standards. The general
scheDuLe slaughtering process is described in Figure 3-1 below.
The proposed project activities can be broadly divided The meat abattoir facility will have a capacity of 100 tons
into following four phases: /day, in which cattle, goat and sheep would be
slaughtered. Plant is configured on net meat 100
1. Design phase
tons/day on 08 hours basis, with 85% Beef and 15%
2. Construction Phase Mutton. Slaughtering capacity of the abattoir is
tabulated from Table 3-2 to Table 3-4 below.
3. Commissioning Phase
The facility also have a cattle and sheep casing and
4. Operation phase rendering unit, and wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP). Further to the facility, other associated
The project is expected to take approximately 20 months facilities like one day lairage facility, and an additional
to two years to design, engineer, construct and commission 20acres facility for the reception of live stock is also
to full operation. included in the proposed project.
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TABLE 3 4: BYPRODUCTS
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The edible parts will be transferred to another hall d) Chilling rooms, blast freezers, cold storages,
and handled for further processing or sent to e) Utilities and services area,
chilling section for further disposal. The animal
by-products (hide/pelt processing, rendering for f) Emergency Slaughtering Unit
blood/meat and bone meal) will be done in separate
premises. g) Incinerator for diseased animals and waste
material,
The slaughter hall will have following facilities:
h) Fencing,
Holding/ Restraining of animals;
i) Internal Roads, gates and security; and
Manual cutting of juglar veins, carotid artery,
esophagus, trachea, bleeding and collection of j) Effluent treatment plant, etc.
blood;
3.6 Process DescriPtion -
Hoisting animals on moving aerial rails; oPerAtionAL PhAse of
Skinning and Dressingcutting and removing AbAttoir
skin; Following is the description of abattoir facilities and
main steps of the proposed project process: Process flow
Removing hind and fore-legs and skull;
diagram of proposed project is shown in Figure 3-2.
Evisceration- removing guts, internal organs etc;
3.6.1 UNLOADING RAMPS AND RESTING
Post mortem inspection and certification; AREA
Transferring dressed carcasses for a thorough The purchased animals are offloaded from the vehicles
wash; through the unloading ramps and are placed in a resting
area which is properly enclosed and has feed/water
Fast cooling of all slaughtered carcasses to
facility. Unloading ramp for unloading animals from
reduce temperature to 4C;
trucks has been provided at the entrance.
Deboning and piecing room;
3.6.2 LAIRAGE
Blast freezers for deboned finished product with
or without bone; The lairage area will be covered, providing protection
against adverse weather conditions for cattle, sheep and
Examination, labelling and certification, transport goats waiting for slaughtering. It will be constructed of
and dispatch; suitable material so as to facilitate easy and thorough
cleaning. Facilities shall also provide for the
Transferring hide/pelt for processing; ante-mortem inspection to take place and detention
facilities of animals that requires further inspection and
Transferring other raw materials for further
evaluation. The floors and passage ways will be properly
processing as blood, meat and bone meal etc.
sloped to ensure the satisfactory drainage. The floor will
Processing hall will have facilities for further also be surfaced to ensure that the animals have a safe
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foothold. There will be a facility for washing and performed, sheep are tied by one of their rear legs and
disinfecting for all types of cattle transport vehicles. hooked up to a raising device until they reach the
These facilities and equipment will be maintained in bleeding track. After bleeding, the animals are
good working order. transferred to the dressing conveyor track. The feet are
then removed, the skin opened up along the breastbone
Separate lairages will be constructed for cattle and sheep and the hide partially flayed. After this, it is the time for
/ goat. Capacity of lairage area for cattle and sheep / goat dehiding and cutting the heads. Flaying can then be
will be 800 and 1300 animals, respectively. Reducing the completed and the hide removed. The paunch can then
stress of animals being led to slaughter may help be removed to the inspection buggy and the red offal
slaughterhouse operators improve efficiency. (including lungs) placed on hooks or the inspection table
Accordingly, curved cattle chutes will be provided for for inspection. After the inspection, carcasses are aligned
the cattle to reach slaughtering hall. Curved cattle chutes for their transport and chilling / freezing.
are more efficient for handling cattle because they take
advantage of the natural behavior of cattle. Cattle move 3.6.4 DETENTION
through curved races more easily because they have a
natural tendency to go back to where they came from. Any carcass, requiring further detailed inspection is
In case of sheep and goats, conveyor system will be diverted to the detention/ quarantine room, if found
provided. okay it is brought to the main line or otherwise delivered
to the condemned carcass room on the ground floor
3.6.3 SLAUGHTERING OF ANIMALS through the chute. All other organs are delivered to their
respective areas on the ground floor through the chutes.
This process involves Halal slaughtering of animals, The carcasses passed for consumption are washed and
dressing and evisceration, chilling and expedition. The stamped with abattoir seal. The carcasses are delivered
hide/pelt will be given a primary treatment of common from the delivery dock.
salt and stored for sale. The slaughter house wastes like
head, feet, and inedible internal organs will be converted 3.6.5 CHILLING
to meat / bone meal by rendering. Animal fat recovered
during rendering will be collected separately for sale. To prevent or even to reduce the deterioration process,
The design assumes procedures for slaughter the small particularly microorganism development, carcasses
and large animals in a two separate lines. The general chilling have to be carried out quickly at the end of the
procedures are described below: slaughter process and the chilled state has to be main-
tained until the meat is processed for consumption.
a) Catle Line: Chilling can be defined as the fundamental operation in
Animals will be lead from their pens up to the halal applying cold to meat to reduce its temperature quickly.
slaughtering box, which will turn and rotate 180 in This is done in a cold chamber with intensive air draught
order the slaughter according to Halal rite. Then the or movement. Rapid cooling of the meat surface not only
animal is hoisted up to the bleeding track by means of a slows and nearly stops the development of surface
hoist chain or a continuous elevator. In this area it is micro-organisms but also discoloration of the surface
performed the cutting of front legs, horns and udders. owing to hemoglobin oxidation. Chillers will have a
Once the animal is bled, it is transferred up to the cooling capacity of (0-4C air temperature). The process
dressing track. It is at this stage when the operative is to is developed in two stages: the first one called fast
cut the rear legs and prepare the animal for the so-called cooling, and the next is "maduration" where air
pre-dehiding / decorticating. temperature will be 0C and 0-4C, respectively, but this
process is only for sheep/goat carcass. In case of cattle
It is at this moment when dressing tasks are performed
carcass, chilling is provided at 0-4C continuously.
i.e. pre-dehiding / decorticating, skinning, cutting of
Evaporators with specifications from 1.5 mts/s to 3 mts/s
head, oesophagus binding, cutting of brisket bone, offal
range will be installed. Relative humidity would be also
removal, carcass splitting, etc. After the veterinary
kept very high (90-95%) to minimize looses. The
inspection post, sorting and weighing of carcasses, these
temperature to achieve at the core meat would be 7-10
are led to the cold storage room in which they will
C in a first step and then 0-4C at the end of the process,
remain until they are expedited. The whole process is
which will be usually performed in a second chiller
performed under a non-stop basis by means of mechanical
called maduration, where air temperature still keep at
or manual processes.
0-4C.
b) Sheep / Goat Line:
Sheep slaughtering is performed making operatives 3.6.6 FREEZING
achieve higher yield with minimal effort. The first stage Freezing is usually limited to meat to be used as buffer
of the slaughtering line starts when sheep are driven stock, frequently intended for export or for storage with
from their pens up to the slaughtering area with a a view to later processing. When the preservation period
mechanical restrainer. Once the slaughtering itself is
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is longer than that acceptable for chilled meat, freezing 1. Cattle and sheeps casings or small guts.
must be used to minimize any physical, biochemical and
microbiological changes affecting quality in storage. 2. Cattle white offals: omasum, abomassum
During freezing most of the water content of the meat, 3. Meat, bone and blood meal and tallow will be
about 80 percent solidifies into pure ice crystals, produced by dry rendering of animal- wastes
accompanied by a separation of dissolved solids. A received from the slaughter hall.
product can be considered frozen when its centre has a
temperature of -12C or less. To reach this temperature 4. Primary processing (salting) of raw skins received
the product passes through the temperature range of from the slaughter hall.
maximum crystallization (from -1 to - 5C). The speed
of freezing is a very important factor as frozen meat 3.6.10 RENDERING PLANT
quality depends mainly on the size of the ice crystal
formed: the lower the speed of freezing the larger the FFBL intend to operate a rendering plant and the
size of the crystals. Slow freezing facilitates the purpose of the rendering facility is to process animal
separation of solution and the migration of water out of by-products (i.e. the inedible parts of the animals after
the muscle cells which is subsequently frozen, forming the good meat is removed from the animal for sale).
rather large crystals. Quick freezing (blast freezing) These by-products will be converted into two separate
conversely produces many small ice crystals, mainly products in itself in the form of tallow oil and meat and
formed within the muscle cells, and reduces water bone meal. Product will be processed on site without
migration and separation of solution. It is obvious that delay as quick turnover of product contributes to the
the latter technology will preserve the meat closer to its quality of product produced. Blood will be sent to
original quality and, particularly during thawing, rendering plant for further processes. Whole blood from
moisture loss will generally be lower. Freezers will have slaughterhouses contains 16 to 18 percent total protein
freezing capacity to achieve -40C as a room solids and is processed and dried to recover protein as
temperature, in order to get -18 C in the core meat as blood meal. The blood meal is a valuable ingredient in
soon as possible, having time to take all meat out and animal feed because it has a high Lysine content.
ready for next slaughtering day. Once the product is
frozen, this will be stocked in cold storages rooms at an 3.6.11 FINISHED PRODUCTS
air temperature of - 20 C. 1. Chilled Meat: It is assumed that the average live
weight of an animal be it sheep or goat would be
3.6.7 CUTTING AND DEBONING 20kg and 250kg for cattle. In actual practice,
Carcasses are led into the cutting room hanging on pull depending upon specific demand of the domestic or
lines / rails (beef). At this stage they are cut into pieces international market, it could be more or less.
depending on their final use. Along the main track (in Dressed weight is assumed to be about 45-55 percent
which carcasses remain hanging upside down), there are of the live weight and for this report it is considered
other workplaces in which it is performed the cutting of to be 10-11kg per small animal and 105-110kg per
ribs, backbone, loins and shoulder blade etc. In each of large animal. For this report, it is assumed that 100
the cutting lines there are a number of operatives who percent of the meat with bones would be chilled for
perform the different cuts and separate the meat pieces export. The chilled meat carcass will be transported
for their commercialization. in a hanging condition in refrigerated vans from the
plant to the city. The chilled carcasses required for
3.6.8 PACKAGING exports will be wrapped in stockinet / cotton shroud.
The slaughtered animals will be hung as dressed 2. Hide/Pelts: It is necessary to use efficient methods of
carcasses or cut and packed in pieces, as per market removing hide/pelts from the slaughtered animal so
demand in stockinet / cotton shroud/vacuum packaging that there are minimum cuts and blemishes on the
and dispatched in insulated / refrigerated vans. The hide/pelt, failing which the monetary value of the
dressed carcasses will be wrapped in stockinet / cotton hide/pelt is considerably reduced. The hide/pelt is
shroud bags. The portioned meat is proposed to be semi processed by washing and placing it in the
packed in polyethylene plastic bags which are suitably brine tank containing common salt (about 0.25 1kg
sealed and have the required information printed on per skin). Thereafter, it is dried by keeping it
them and they will be bar-coded. hanging on the rails.
Chapter 03 07
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Chapter 03 08
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Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 03 09
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
3.8.3 ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION The site will have Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
with a designed capacity up to 1300m3/day during
Electricity from Karachi Electric Supply Company seven working days per week. This design is performed
(KESC) will be the primary source to run the slaughter by assuming a possible increase in the daily yield of the
house and approximately 3.3MW will be required for slaughterhouse. The biological sector of the WWTP will
operational phase of the project. Generators will be used run 24hours per day, while the equipments designed to
as backup. remove solids (screenings) and fats (DAF Unit) will only
work about 16-20hours/day, as a buffer tank at the input
3.9 Waste Discharges anD of the plant will be installed.
By-proDucts
All waste process water produced in the plant will be
The slaughter process is described in Section 3.7, treated to meet the discharge limits prescribed in
resulting in the generation of wastes, wastewater, air National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
emissions and high levels of resource consumption. enlisted in Chapter 2 of the EIA report. A non-exhaustive
Waste products from the slaughtering process can often list of treatment stages includes:
be utilised as a by-product. Wastes include manure from
the lairage pens, contents of the animals stomachs, Course Screening: To remove organic solids.
inedible by-products such as hair and bones, fat Removed organic solids will be transfer to in-edible
recovered via fat separators and non recoverable rendering plant.
materials that require disposal. By-products mix with Balance Tank Storage (Aerated): Storage so that
their quantities are depicted in Table 3-5 above and plant waste water may be processed over twenty
discussed in detail in Section 3.7.10. FFBL plans to four hours/seven days per week. Thereby reducing
maximise the use of these by-products in the following necessary processing capacity.
manner:
Dissolved Air Flotation: To remove majority of
Blood will be processed to make blood meal. suspended solids. Removed suspended solids will
be sent to in-edible rendering plant.
Animal Fat will be processed and stored in
200kg tins for storage and further transportation. Biological Treatment: Water flow free of solids
enters the biological reactor in which the process of
Inedible waste materials form the slaughtered oxidative biotic degradation will be performed
animals will be processed and converted into a
mixed meat and bone meal. The product will be Monitoring: Regular sampling and monitoring will
stored in gunny bags. The bags will be suitably be carried out to ensure the compliance with NEQS
sealed giving name of the company, date of permitted limits.
manufacture and composition of product. The
bags will be stored in room temperature until The treated wastewater will be discharged to the natural
they are sold. drain and then to the sea. Separate systems will be in
place for surface run-off water and sanitary wastewater.
Manure will be transported to concrete silos for
later application to agricultural land as fertiliser Modular Water Treatment Plant
and bio gas generation. The wastewater treatment plant design is based on
sequential batch biological reactor. According to latest
3.9.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND and most modern techniques for waste water treatment,
DISPOSAL SYSTEM the batch biological reactors are the only systems capable
to achieve good quality output with no use of chemicals.
Process water from a slaughterhouse typically has a high
The main advantages of this design are as following:
content of organic material and consequently a high
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical Minimal surface area required.
oxygen demand (COD) due to the presence of blood, Installation of only the strictly necessary single
Chapter 03 10
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
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Chapter 03 11
Chapter 04
This chapter defines the prevailing environmental and district Thatta Taluqa Mirpur Sakro and Union Council
socio-economic settings of the project area and (UC) Dhabeji and moreover it is one kilometre away
surroundings. The project area in this document is from Malir district of Sindh province. Thatta district has
defined as the area where the project related activities to diversity in physical and biological environment including
be carried out which include the proposed project site ridges or hilly plain areas and costal belt. The project
and surroundings and the area that can interact with the area is bounded on the north by Dadu district, on the
projects positive and negative externalities in the long south is vast area of Thatta district and then Arabian Sea
run. The environmental impact of any activity or process while the south side lies close to the Karachi city. The
will be assessed on the basis of a deviation from the total area of the Thatta district is 17,355 square kilometers
baseline or normal situation. Followings are the main whereas the population of the district is around 1.20
components of the baseline discussed in this section. Million. District Thatta is administratively managed by
9 Talukas, 55 Union Councils, 75 Tappas and 656 Dehs.
Physical Environment River Indus passes through Thatta by dividing the
Biological Environment district in such a way that five Talukas viz: Thatta,
Mirpur Sakro, Ghorabari, Ketibunder & Kharochan are
Socio-economic Environment on the left bank and four Talukas are on the right Bank
of the River Indus.
The description provided in this section is based on
followings: The project site lies in Thatta Distrct of Sindh close to
Gagar Phatak along the N5 National Highway road
Desk-top surveys and literature review. towards Thatta district and 7km away from existing
Field surveys: Baseline data gathered from field Fauji Fertilizer Plant Bin Qasim Karachi. Figure 4-1
activities. shows the study area location map.
Meetings and data collection from the proponent. Project area can be divided into five zones on the basis
of topographical features i.e. ridge and runnel upland in
Existing information sources and data purchase Sindh Kohistan, colluvial fans and plains of Gadap,
such as metrological data of project area. plains of Moidan and Gadap, plains and plateaus of
Government released publications such as Malir-Lyari interfluous, plains and hills of the coastal
Provincial census reports. belt and project site is forty meters above sea level. The
ridge and runnel upland in Sindh Kohistan is the sector
Meetings and data gathering from various of rugged topography in the north of Malir district that
organisations including: is spread over the width of an offshoot branch of Kirthar
range. These distal hill forks out of the kirthar range
District Government,
separating Dadu district.
Union Council Dhabeji
The project area has minor drainage risk which indicates
Sindh Wildlife Department the geological characteristic having rocky base altering
layers of consolidated sandstones interventional by silt
Sindh Livestock and Fisheries Department and clay belts. Figure 4-2 shows the physical
environmental map of the project site.
National Rural Support Program (NRSP)
The terrain rise gradually north word from Arabian Sea
IUCN Pakistan culminating in low, flat-topped parallel hills. Sub
WWF Pakistan parallel ridges interrupted by wide interrupting plains
characterized as a marine denudation plains, sand dunes
4.1 PhySical EnvironmEnt and marines terraces prominent feature of the project
area. Topographical map of the project area is shown in
4.1.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES, TOPOGRAPHY, Figure 4-3.
GEOLOGY
The proposed project corridor mainly comprises of
Chapter 04 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 02
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 03
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 04
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 05
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 06
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
The climate of the project area can be broadly classified Mean Relative Humidity at 1200 UTC
as arid, moderate, hot and humid climate typical of
Climatic Zones and Rainfall
subtropical coastal areas under the influence of
monsoons. The mild winter is restricted to the The climate in the macro-environment of the project area
December-February period. The summer extends from is hot and arid and project corridor falls under hot
April to September, which overlaps the short spells of summer & mild winters. Around project area climate is
the main rainy season during July-August. The weather generally hot and relatively humid especially in the
tends to be very humid during May-June and September summers (April to October) when the prevailing wind
and pleasant during the periods of July to August and is from the south west. The winters are short and mild
November to March. from December to mid-February.
The coastal area of the Indus delta is largely influenced The annual rain fall in the macro-environment area
by the subtropical monsoon regime. The strong varies from minimum 65.9 mm in 2004 till maximum of
southwest monsoon period prevails from May to 465.6 mm rainfall experienced during the year 2007.The
September while the weak northeast monsoon period is mean monthly rain fall data recorded at Karachi Air Port
restricted to the period between December to January. Metrological Station (the nearest metrological station) of
The period between the two monsoons is considered to Pakistan Metrological Department is summarized in
be transitional or calm period with winds of variable Table 4-2 whereas Annual Rainfall data is presented in
speed and direction. The weather during the inter-monsoon Figure 4-5.
periods is uncertain and short spells of dust storms, dry Temperature
weather, or a humid cool breeze may prevail for short
Temperature trend in the project corridor was minimum
durations.
registered at 10.1C in Jan, 2008 and it was highest found
Observatory record of the Pakistan Meteorological 37.7C in the month of April, 2007. The annual mean
Department (PMD) at Karachi International Airport has maximum temperature has generally ranged between
been used as a data source for the following metrological 32C and 33C, while the annual mean minimum
parameter. temperature has increased from 21.0C to 22.5 C. Latest
data for maximum and minimum temperature for the
Mean Monthly Maximum Temperature year 2003 to 2012 is presented in Table 4-3 and Table
4-4 and Figure 4-6 and Figure 4-7 respectively.
Mean Monthly Minimum Temperature
Chapter 04 07
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 08
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 09
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 10
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
TABLE 4 5: MEAN MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT 12:00 UTC (%) (2003 2012)
Chapter 04 11
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 12
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
1. Earthquake 2. Cyclones
The distribution of seismic zones and historical records Cyclones cause significant damage in the coastal areas
of earthquake events measured and analyzed by the of Sindh and Baluchistan provinces. The low-lying
Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) were used to coastal belt allows storms to travel several hundred
identify those districts most prone to earthquakes. kilometers inland and along the way destroy crops,
Figure shows distributions for various categories of agricultural productivity by creating water-logging and
earthquake affected districts, where a high classication settlements. Fourteen cyclones have been recorded
refers to those districts located in high seismicity zones between 1971 and 2001. A 1999 cyclone in the Thatta and
(between 8.0 and 5.9 on the Richter magnitude scale) that Badin districts of Sindh province destroyed 73 settle-
are frequently affected by medium and low intensity ments, killed 168 people, impacted 0.6 million people,
earthquakes, medium refers to districts situated in the and killed 11 thousand cattle. The number of cyclonic
medium seismicity zone (between 5.0 and 3.9 on the events and their intensities measured by the Pakistan
Richter magnitude scale) that are occasionally affected Meteorological Department (PMD), along with related
by low intensity earthquakes, low refers to districts in information from various reports by the World
low seismicity zones (between 3.0 and 1.0 on the Richter Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United
magnitude scale) that are rarely affected by earthquakes, Nations Organization UNO, were utilized to rank the
and not affected (less than 1.0 on the Richter magnitude districts that are prone to cyclones as having high,
scale) refers to those districts that are neither in a seismic medium or low cyclone potential (Figure b).
zone nor affected by earthquakes. The area of Dhabeji
District Thatta Tehsil Mirpur Sakhru comes under low During interviews with local community they said in
seismicity zones, so the project area is under low our area there is no flood, cyclones hazards occurred in
seismicity zone. past as compared to other area of Thatta Districts of
Sindh province.
Chapter 04 13
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
3. Floods monitored;
Data from three different sources have been combined
l. Ambient air quality monitoring,
by means of GIS: (1) a ood distribution map for
Pakistan from the WMO, (2) the most ood prone 2. Noise monitoring,
districts, as investigated by the PMD, (3) those districts
that are most likely to be affected, as indicated by the 3. Soil sampling and analysis
Federal Flood Commission of Pakistan. These were used
to derive ood hazard rankings for the individual 4. Water sampling and analysis
districts of Pakistan as shown in Figure d. Districts Environmental baseline monitoring was conducted at
located along rivers and commonly affected by seasonal different locations. The details of the sampling/ monitoring
or ash oods are ranked highly, while those that are locations along with discussions on result are given
less flood hazards. Data from three different sources subsequent sections. Pictorial over-view of environmental
have been combined by means of GIS: (1) a ood monitoring carried out in the project area is presented
distribution map for Pakistan from the WMO, (2) the in Figure 4-11.
most ood prone districts, as investigated by the PMD,
(3) those districts that are most commonly affected are
ascribed a medium rank. Those districts rarely affected
4.2.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
by oods are ascribed a low rank and those never Project site lies in rural area of Dhabeji adjacent to N-5
affected by oods are described as not affected. National Highway towards Thatta district and 07km
away from Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim plant site area.
It was concluded from the primary stakeholder There is no industrial pollution source in the vicinity of
consultation and past flood data review that the project project site as there are only storage rice godown and
area has never been affected from the flood hazards. agriculture land in nearby areas. Vehicular emission and
vehicular noise are the only major source of pollution at
project site. Local community use wood as fuel for
burning purpose.
Chapter 04 14
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Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 15
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 16
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 17
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Soil constitutes a vital environmental matrix and it is pH figures of 2 samples were found at 8.95 & 9.02
always significant part of baseline environmental studies respectively, indicating both samples are alkaline in
relating to IEE/EIA/ESA. Physically, soil is composed of nature.
fundamental mineral induced particles referred to as
Clay, Silt, Silica and Gravel respectively; whereas Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) expresses the
chemically it is composed essentially of Air, Water, proportion of exchangeable sodium (Na+) to
Mineral Matter and Some organic matter. Diversity exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium
distributions of fundamental particles in soil determine (Mg2+) ions. Soils with SAR values at 13 or higher
the soil character. Soil is highly amenable to contamination are considered sodic. Crop growth on sodic soils is
of various types and degrees caused primarily by very poor. Excess sodium causes soil particles to
anthropogenic activities; whereas Natural derived repel each other, preventing the formation of soil
contaminations are from rare to none. aggregates. This results in a very tight soil structure
with poor water infiltration and surface crusting.
Total 19 Criteria and most suspected monitoring SAR figures were registered at 1.11 & 1.0, indicating
parameters including PH, OM,EC,SAR ,Ca, Mg, Na, Oil it is well below than critical level of 13.
& Grease, CN and pollutant heavy metals including As,
B, Cd, Cr, , Fe, Se , Hg and Pb were monitored to Organic Matter constitutes that portion of the soil
determine the magnitude of these pollutants at project made up of dead and decayed plant and animal
site , are discussed below. parts. Organic matter provides nutrients for plant
growth while improving the physical condition or
pH indicates acidic or alkaline character of soil. Soils tilth of the soil .Organic Matter regarded most fertile
below pH 6.7 are acidic and soils above pH 7.3 are part of soil consisting about 80-90% Nitrogen, was
alkaline. A pH near 7.0 is considered neutral. Most found at 2.40 & 2.16 mg/kg in both soil samples
crops grow best if the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.5. respectively.
Lime is most commonly used to raise soil pH levels.
Chapter 04 18
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 19
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 20
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 21
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Ground Water Sampling from Nearby Community Sea Water Sample Collection
Chapter 04 22
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 23
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 24
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 25
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 26
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 27
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 04 28
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
The District lies at 23.42 to 25.26 North and 67.05 to 3. Jummat Kalmati
68.46 east. It is bounded on the north by District
4. Siddique Goth
Jamshoro, on the East Tando Muhammad Khan and
Badin District on the South (Run of Kachh) and Arabian 5. Amin Muhammad
Sea while Karachi District lies in the west of the district.
North western area of district is hilly tract, known as 6. M Qasim Goth
Chapter 04 29
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
4.4.4 DEMOGRAPHICS
Population
During field visit total of 11 villages were surveyed with
total population of 6475. The population in the near
villages of project site at union council Dhabeji in five
kilometer radius is scanty (less than 1000) except in two
villages i.e. Siddique Goth and Achar Salar Goth lying
in Gadap town. The major population consulted during
the socioeconomic survey was mainly from these two
Goths. The majority of the population belongs to
Kalmati Baloch or Jokhio tribes. Another tribe reported
during the field visit was Bhaway Baloch. Total population
of the communities within 5km radious of project area
is presented in Table 4-17 and graphically presented in
Figure 4-14.
Chapter 04 30
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Households
The total number of households living in the surrounding
4.4.5 LIVELIHOOD OF PROJECT AREA
of project site at union council Dhabeji Taluqa Mirpur House Infrastructure
Sakro is around 1196. Around 600 households are in Thatta district is divided into two section one is coastal
Achar Salar Goth while 200 in Siddique Goth. Mir and second one is non-coastal arid area which connects
Muhammad Palejo Goth has minimum number of with Mahal Kohistan, many times affected by flood and
households. These households are not permanent and other natural hazards due to which their living pattern
are temporarily residing in the Goth for agriculture is different as compared to other areas of Sindh Housing
purposes. Average family size is around 4 to 8 members pattern of Thatta Distict is pacca 1.4 %, Semi-pacca 1.7
in various villages in the project area. Table 4-18 shows %,Kacha 77.8% and Jhopera 19.1%. In project area Semi
the numbers of household in Project Area Pakka houses are common. During the field visit few
Pakka houses are seen in Jumman Kalmati, Achar Salar
TABLE 4 18: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Goth and Mammu Goth. Maximum two rooms or
minimum one room with open area inside the boundary
wall of each house. Outtak system is village tradition,
mostly Outaak (Guest house) constructed near main
entrance of village where all male guest stay and are also
used for open discussion on daily routine.
Energy Source
Electricity supply system exists but only in three to four
villages of the project area. People of project area use
kerosene oil for laltain (a sort of lamp) in night hours for
lighting purpose. Following table shows the availability
of electricity and fuel type details in the villages visited
during the survey. Table 4-19 Shows the availability of
electricity/fuel in project area. Majority of project area
used wood as a fuel due to non availability of Sui gas in
the project area. Sui gas and electricity is available only
in Achar Salaar and Mammu, approximately 1.5km
away from the project site.
Drinking Water
In Thatta district people access drinking water in a
variety of ways. It was noted that the water supply
Rituals system is also available in the project area. The piped
Major Caste/tribes in the project area are Jokhia and water provided in the project area is unreliable and serve
Kalmati baloch. These tribes speak Sindhi, Balochi and in few villages of project area. Table 4-20 shows the
understand urdu language. Marriages in most families water supply system in project area.
are arranged by parents preferably in their own caste.
Now a day the betrothal ceremony (formal engagement
of boys and a girl) mostly at the time of birth or
childhood is not common.
Chapter 04 31
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
The above table shows that the hand pumps are the
predominant source of drinking water in coastal areas
of Thatta district. Dug wells provide water in 11%
villages while ponds & lakes are available in almost 28%
villages. During kharif season the nearby canal / distributes
become a main source of drinking water for 71%
villages. About 7% communities dwelling in creeks and
closer to creeks also buy water tankers for drinking purpose.
Chapter 04 32
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
employees in Government and private sector. Few of the presented in Figure 4-15.
people also avail labor work in industrial units.
Agriculture TABLE 4 22: LIVESTOCK POPULATION
The cropping pattern is of two types in Thatta district.
IN THATTA DISTRICT DURING LAST
In one system, rice and sugarcane are main crops of DECADE (19962006)
Kharif while wheat and sugarcane are in Rabi season .In
another faming system, rice and vegetables are main
crops of Kharif and wheat and vegetables are sown in
Rabi. Cropping intensity of coastal area is low (less than
70%) due to degradation of land and unavailability of
irrigation water. The main crops grown in Thatta district
during Rabi are wheat, barlay, gram while oil seeds, rice,
sugarcane maize, millet and jawar in Kharif. Before the
deterioration of land and subsurface water aquifer, the
date palm flourished in Jhampir, coconut trees in Keti
Bandar, Mirpur Sakhro and banana was grown in
Thatta.
View of Coton Crops in the Project Area
Cattle population during last decade (1996- 2006) 4.4.6 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE
increased with 28% variation in 2006 over 1996;
Buffaloes increased by 30.71% Sheep by 60.96%, goats Health
29.15% and camels increased 23.93%. Table 4-22 shows The health facilities in Thatta Distirct are scant. Three
the comparison of livestock and poultry population of out of six coastal Talukas dont have any Rural Health
Thatta District on 1996 and 2006 and graphically Centre or any veterinary dispensary. The BHUs and
Chapter 04 33
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
dispensaries are also in small number. There is dearth of The health facilities are minimal for the population
qualified doctors. It is estimated that there is one living in the area. Most of the villages have no hospital,
dispensary with one dispenser for about 5,000 people in clinic and basic health unit, where as Siddique Goth has
the Thatta district Talukas. Table 4-23 shows the health only one basic health unit. Mammu Goth has a hospital
facilities in Taluka Mirpur Sakro Thatta Distict. near village while Achar Salar Goth has health facility in
the village. There is a lack of any proper health facility
TABLE 4 23: HEALTH FACILITIES OF with all the basic requirements available for the people
TALUKA MIRPUR SAKRO of the project area. The available health facilities in the
area are just enough to address common diseases. For
the advance treatment of any serious and complicated
disease, people used to visit the city centre especially in
Gharo and Gulshane-Hadeed for proper medical
treatment. The most common diseases in the project area
are Malaria and Fever. Only in Siddique Goth the people
were also found infected with T. B. along with Malaria
and Fever. Table 4-24 Shows health facility in project
area.
Chapter 04 34
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Education
TABLE 4 24: HEALTH FACILITIES The literacy rate of Thatta distirct was reported to be
IN VILLAGES OF PROJECT AREA 22.14 percent in 1998. The male literacy rate was about
three times high at 31.58 percent when compared to 11.4
percent for females. The ratio in urban area was much
higher at about 46 percent compared to only about 19
percent in rural areas .There is wide gap between male
and females with respect to education in rural areas
where literacy rate for males is 28 percent compared to
only about 8 percent for the females . Of the total
educated person, 35 percent have passed primary, 13
percent are middle and only 13.32 percent have done
matriculation. Table 4-25 and Table 4-26 shows the de-
tail for number of schools and students enrolled in Mir-
pur Sakro.
Although the project area is located in union council TABLE 4 27: LITERACY AND
Dhabeji Taluka Mirpur sakhro adjacent to Karachi, but EDUCATION FACILITY IN PROJECT AREA
the education facilities in the area are distressing. Most
of the villages have only primary schools. The Goth
Jummat Kalmati, Mir Muhammad Pajejio Goth and
Mammu Goth dont have any school at all. Only Achar
Salar Goth has one high and one private school in the
village. The number of proper schools in the project area
is negligible. Even these schools are not functioning
properly. The problems of irregularity and absenteeism
of teachers and lack of quality of education were
reported during the survey. There is one private school
in the area, but this school is also seen as providing
substandard education. The literacy rate reported is very
low, i.e., average literacy rate is only11% in the project
area, while maximum in Amin Muhammad Goth (15%)
and minimum in Allah Dino Baloch and Punnoh Balock
Goths (4% each ). Table 4-27 shows the education facility
around the project area.
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Accessibility and Mobility e- Sunnat sect. Almost all the respondent in target
During field visit, 11 villages were visited; the major villages mentioned about the religious leaders to whom
towns of the project area are Dhabeji, Ghareebabd and they regularly visit. The purpose of the visit to religious
Gharo. Dhabeji is also the Union Council head quarter. places (Dargah) varies from just paying homage to
All the targeted villages have links with Dhabeji and fulfillment of some desires. Most of the people of target
Ghareeabad. People residing in nearby villages regularly area usually visit Dargah Haji Abdullah Shah Bukhari,
visit these areas for shopping, business and other Jangi Baba and Yaqub Shah. People give DANN and
purpose. All mobile cellular services are available in cover grave of saint with Chadar (veil) after fulfill of
project area and rest of the district. Project area lies their desires called Mannat.
adjacent to National Highway so there is no problem for
public transport in order to travel towards Karachi, 4.4.7 ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES OF
Hyderabad and other area of Thatta distinct. Metal THATTA DISTRICT
roads are available in nearby villages for easy access to
There isnt any archeological site within 30 km of project
National Highway.
area. Bhamore (historical museum) is approximately 20
Non Government Organization (NGOs) km away from project site on main National Highway
The expanding advocacy role of NGOs has been adjacent Gharo. The Shah Jahan Mosque was built in the
recognized by the State. As intermediaries, NGOs have reign of Mughals emperor Shah Jahan. It is located in
established channels of communication and cooperation Thatta, Sindh province, Pakistan. It has been on the
between communities on one hand and government, tentative UNESCO World Heritage list since 1993.
development institution & funding agencies on the
In the town of Thatta itself, there is famous Shahjahani
other. The NGOs operating in the few villages of the
Mosque with its beautiful architecture. This mosque was
target area is National Rular Support Program (NRSP),
built in 1647 during the reign of Mughal King Shah
Aga Khan Foundation and Hands. These NGOs work
Jahan, also known as the builder King. The mosque is
for social welfare of local community.
built with red bricks with blue coloured glaze tiles
Major Needs of the People probably imported from another Sindh's town of Hala.
The socio-economic status of the people living in the The mosque has overall 93 domes and it is world's
area is very poor. The wide spread poverty encircled by largest mosque having such number of domes. It has
the selective continuance of so called social & cultural been built keeping acoustics in mind. A person speaking
customs, governed by the feudal and gender biased inside one end of the dome can be heard at the other end
system of decision making at the community level, are when the speech exceeds 100 decibels. It was a gift from
still very much there in practice. The drinking water Shahjahan to people of Sindh for their Hospitality.
availability and the sanitation conditions are the basic Makli Hill
problems of the people living in this area. They lack
Makli hill is one of the largest necropolises in the world,
many of the basic amenities of life. The health and
with a diameter of approximately 8 km. It lies approx.
education facilities are not available to all people in this
98 km east of Karachi and is the burial place of some
area and the quality of available facilities is very poor.
125,000 local rulers, Sufi saints and others. Makli is
The health care facilities are inadequate, ineffective and
located on the outskirts of Thatta, the capital of lower
neglected in this area. The literacy rate is comparative
Sindh until the seventeenth century. It was inscribed on
very low in the area, which could be improved by
the World Heritage List in 1981 under the name of
increasing the facilities of education in terms of quality
Historical Monuments of Thatta.
and quantity both.
Leadership Dynamics The tombs and gravestones spread over the cemetery are
material documents marking the social and political
There is a different hierarchy of leadership in the project
history of Sind. Many have been built using local
area i.e. village leaders, community leaders, political
sandstone others are plastered brick buildings (which
leaders and spiritual leaders. The village leader is
have suffered the most, generally). The impressive royal
normally the most influential person of the village in
mausoleums are divided into two major groups, those
term of land. Minor conflicts are resolved at village level.
from the Samma (13521520) and from the Tarkhan
However, if the conflict is bigger and complex, the
(15561592) period. In total four historical periods are
community leader resolves the conflict through listening
represented architecturally, namely the Samma, the
to both sides. The community approaching to the police
Arghun, the Tarkhan and the Mughals period. The
is a rare case for resolving their problems. Most of the
tomb (or maqbara) of the King Jam Nizamuddin II
conflicts occur due to tribal disputes, dispute on land,
(reigned 14611508) is an impressive square structure
theft of animals, arrangement of marriages etc.
built of sandstone and decorated with floral and geomet-
Spiritual Leadership ric medallions. Similar to this is the mausoleum of Isa
The major community of the project area belongs to Ahle Khan Hussain II (d. 1651), a two-story stone building
Chapter 04 36
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
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with majestic cupolas and balconies. In contrast to the clothing and other basic needs, with positive
synthetic architecture of these two monuments, which implications for rural welfare and living standards.
integrate Hindu and Islamic motifs, are mausoleums Genetic improvement of livestock will lead to increased
that clearly show the Central Asian roots of the Tarkhan productivity, profitability from cattle, increase in meat
and Mughal dynasties. An example is the tomb of Jan quality and better market prices for improved stock.
Beg Tarkhan (d. 1600), a typical octagonal brick structure Enhanced water availability will benefit both livestock
whose dome is covered in blue and turquoise glazed and people through increased clean water points. Better
tiles. Pavilion or canopy tombs (chattri maqbara or management of range and forage improvements will
umbrella tomb) are another typical Indo-Islamic contribute to sustainable environmental management
architectural feature, as well as enclosure tombs. The and livestock health improvement. Enhanced marketing
Mughal period is represented by many tombs on the and market information systems will increase livestock
southern side of the necropolis, including the sales at better prices and hence profitability. Providing
mausoleum of Mirza Jani & Mirza Ghazi Baig, that of more hygienic environments for livestock slaughtering
Nawab Shurfa Khan, the enclosure of Mirza Baqi Baig will promote marketing of quality meat, better quality
Uzbek and of Mirza Jan Baba as well as the impressive hides and skins with enhanced profitability and will
restored tomb of Nawab Isa Khan Tarkhan the Younger. stimulate the creation of entrepreneurship for livestock
and their products in the communities.
Bhambore
Bhambore is an archaeological site in sindh province,
situated at 65 km east of Karachi between Dhabeji and
Gharo on the National Highway. It is also known as
Bhambra among Khudabadi sindhi swaranker
community .It holds the remain of three civilizations: the
scytheParthian period, Hindu Buddhist period and
Islamic period. Bhambore was also an important route
and a military post during theses eras. The city as later
abandoned due to change in the Indus Rivers courses.
History also reveals that it was devastated by the
earthquake in 893 AD. The young Arab warrier
Muhammad bin Qasim landed his armed in 711 AD and
destroyed the castle. At the time of this intervention, the
population of Bhambore was Hindu with a Buddhist
minority.
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Chapter 04 38
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Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Community Members of Haji M Palejo Goth View of Primary School Achar Salaar Goth
Chapter 04 39
Chapter 05
Project Alternatives
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
05 - Project AlternAtives
This section covers the project alternatives which were forward linkage with the farmer-producers
examined for the proposed red meat abattoir production
facility in Thatta District, Sind Province. An analysis of to benefit them from production of better quality
the available alternatives is necessary to establish that animals and enable them to establish direct marketing
the most suitable management and technology options of animals to the abattoir instead of the present system
will be adopted for the project, while minimizing of depending on middle-men/commission agents.
environmental impacts. This evaluation explains the It will help to produce a clean and quality meat for
selection of appropriate option that was required to both domestic and export consumers.
ensure optimal results within defined set of economic,
environmental, health and safety constraints. In It will help to increase Pakistans export potential
particular it outlines the following project options: through meat and value added quality meat
products.
l. The No Development Option.
The proposed project will itself process and produce
2. Alternative Site Option.
food-products with value addition such as chilled
3. Alternative technology. meat (full carcasses and meat cuts) for domestic and
export markets, frozen meat, blood/bone meal and
5.1 no DeveloPment oPtion others.
In line with FFBLs corporate strategic goal Creating Other impacts of the No-Project option would be loss
new opportunities for business growth and diversification, in employment and infrastructure development in the
FFBL has been evaluating various options for investment project area, as the project is likely to create jobs and
in diversified businesses. Pakistan has not been able to improve the existing infrastructure of the area. From the
exploit its large livestock population to become a major environmental point of view, this option would result in
player in the international Halal meat trade, as meat a loss of opportunity in further improvement of the
slaughtered in the traditional abattoirs fails to meet environmental management of the area, through
international standards. generation of environmental baseline data, and the
mitigation and monitoring plans.
Considering potential and massive opportunities for
Pakistan, to tap into and network with international 5.2 AlternAtive site oPtion -
distributors, to cater the demand for Halal meat
globally, FFBL Management has approved investment
site selection criteriA
in meat processing business for export & domestic In reference to the Project Site alternatives, several lands
usage. were evaluated, covering Port Qasim, Dhabeji, Gharo,
Gujo, Haleji and other areas. The final selection of site is
The project will encompass a modern state-of-the-art based on following criterion:
Halal meat slaughtering facility with the objective of
processing high quality meat, value added products and Distances from Urban Development:
by-products with special focus on International markets The abattoir should not be located close to dwellings,
i.e. UAE, KSA, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Malaysia and schools, mosques and other public or commercial
Iran along with domestic market. The facility will be buildings due to possible nuisance from noise, smell,
capable to process meat of Cattle, Sheep and Goat. congestion etc. Likely future commercial and residential
developments should also be taken into account.
The proposed project will provide additional income
and gainful employment to the nearby villages and Accessibility:
animal producers. The site should be accessible from a permanent road to
allow ready transport of livestock, meat and meat products.
The No-Project option, if taken, will prevent the
country from exploring its large livestock population to Water Supply:
become a major player in the international Halal meat Availability of adequate water supply, which should
trade. The proposed project will also provide the following also meets drinking water standards.
advantages to the Country economic and the communities Effluent Treatment and Disposal:
of the project area:
The site should have a natural slope (free draining and
It will help to provide required backward and not subject to water logging or flooding. Water outlet
Chapter 05 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
quality will meet legal requirements for crops irrigation. (casings/surgical sutures/pet foods), bones (bone meal),
blood (blood meal / raw material for pharmaceutical
Soil conditions for civil structure:
industry), tertiary animal by-products (like gelatin,
Suitability and stability of soil conditions required for gums used by the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic
the civil structures. industry), meat meal/ hoof and horn meal etc (animal
Sufficient Land Availability: feed industry), processed skin (leather industry),
gut-contents (manure for agricultural crops) etc.
Availability of sufficient land to design and layout plant
in an appropriate manner, with consideration of future
expansions. 5.3.2 WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Electricity:
PLANT
For the purposed project Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
Availability of electricity from the Karachi Electric
has been finalized for the treatment of waste water. The
Supply Company for an uninterrupted supply of power,
SBR processor that can effectively compete with
required for the plant, especially for chilling and
conventional activated sludge systems such as continuous
processing of carcasses.
stirred-tank reactor is not considered in wastewater
Conclusion: treatment until the improvements in aeration devices
In view of all above criteria, it was concluded to and controls in the late 1950s and early 1960s. (EPA,
construct the halal slaughterhouse and meat complex 1999) Sequential batch reactor systems have benefits to
facility near Port Qasim, Thatta District. alternative conventional flow systems for the biological
treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewater.
FFBL existing facility fertilizer plant is approximately (Ying-Chih et al., 2007)
7km away from the proposed project location, so
administrative control on proposed project could be Dealing with slaughterhouses, and by using a Sequential
easily for FFBL management. Batch Biological Reactor, it is observed that the working
volume of the reactor is higher than in any conventional
The geographic position of the proposed project is very process. This oversized design assumes shorter times of
ideal which connects it to the transportation infrastructure operation which can be translated in less maintenance
of the country. The proposed project location is very costs and the possibility of working with higher loads of
near to Port Qasim and approximately less than 1km waste. According to latest and most modern techniques
from Nation Highway N-5, providing direct access to for waste water treatment, the batch biological reactors
the hinterland through road. Furthermore, there is a railway are the only systems capable to achieve good quality
track at a distance of 1km from the project site. Dhabeji output with no use of chemicals.
railway station is located at a distance of 4km from the
project site, which connect to the national railway The main advantages of this design are the following:
network through 6 railway tracks. Remaining proposed
Minimal surface area required
sites dont possess such a broad spectrum of commercial,
industrial and management benefits. Installation of only the strictly necessary single
modules
5.3 technology AlternAtives
Easy to use and operate
5.3.1 WASTE HANDLING
Lowest energy consumption and maintenance
Instead of disposing the inedible animal byproducts
which usually include hide or skin, hair, horns, teeth, Highest treatment capacity and contaminants
fats, bone, ligaments and cartilage, feet, glands and elimination
blood etc., these will be utilized for processing into
quality by-products, with a value addition, thereby Highest capacity to cope with an increase of loads
avoiding environmental pollution and improving the or different flows and loads
economic returns from the slaughtered animals. Minimal production of sludge
Some inedible offal, along with normally edible offal that No consumption of chemical products
has been deemed unsuitable for human consumption,
bones from meat processing, and cattle/sheep that are Improvements in aeration devices and controls have
unsuitable for human consumption, is rendered for use allowed sequencing batch reactor to successfully
in different manufacturing industries. compete with conventional activated sludge systems.
Sequential batch reactors can achieve equalization,
The slaughter wastes will help to encourage development primary clarification, biological treatment, and
of the ancillary industries around the abattoir based on secondary clarification in a single reactor.
utilization of slaughter house wastes such as offal
Chapter 05 02
Chapter 06
Stakeholders Consultation
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
06 - stakeholder Consultation
To facilitate and maintain dialogue and gain the 6.2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS
consent of all stakeholders on carrying out project Stakeholders can be classified as primary and secondary
activities in the area; stakeholders depending on the influence of the project
activities on them. The stakeholders for the proposed
To seek participation of all interested parties and project are classified as follows:
identify stakeholder interests and issues;
Primary Stakeholders: People, groups or institutions
To create solutions for addressing these concerns directly affected by the project and can influence the
and integrating them into project design, operations, project outcome.
and management;
Secondary Stakeholders: People, groups, or
To enhance the project by learning from, and institutions that are indirectly affected by the project
incorporating, the expertise of individuals, and can influence project delivery process.
professionals, communities and organizations; and
to encourage transparency and inculcate trust
among various stakeholders to promote cooperation
6.2.3 METHODOLOGY FOR
and partnership with the communities, local CONSULTATION
leadership, and NGOs. Stakeholder consultation is a two-way flow of information
and dialogue between the project proponent and
Chapter 06 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 06 02
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
mishandling and open dumping/burning of solid incorporated in Impact mitigation plan and EMP of the
waste in project area; EIA report.
All drainage system of the proposed project should The Deputy Conservator appreciated the efforts
be covered to avoid over population of mosquitoes made by the FFBL in terms of creation of a number
in project area. of direct and indirect employments leading to
economic growth in the area and he also appreciated
Local Employment
the FFBL efforts towards the environment and social
Communities in the project area emphasized that local wellbeing of the area
villagers should be given priority when employing
people for various project-related works and activities Improper waste handling and disposal disturb
according to their skills. ecosystem. Integrated waste management plan
should be designed for sustainable environment of
6.4.2 SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS the project area
Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal FFBL ensured that all project activities of proposed
as government officials, national and international plant will be environmental friendly. It not only
NGOs were consulted during face-to-face meetings. secures wildlife of project area as well as physical
They were briefed on the EIA process, the project design, environment of project area.
and the potential negative and positive impact of the
project on the areas environment and communities. It Improper waste disposal can multiply the population
was important not to raise community expectations of nuisance scavengers & predators in the project
unnecessarily or unrealistically during the stakeholder area which can disturb food chain or food web of the
consultation meetings in order to avoid any conflict with project area.
local administrators. The issues recorded in the 3. Livestock and Fisheries Department
consultation process were examined, validated, and
A meeting with Mr. Dr.Qudoos Memon, Mirpur Sakhro
addressed in the EIA report.
and Dr Saleem Raza Memon Incharge Veterinary
1. Union Council Dhabeji Dispensary Gharo and Dr. Akhter Hussain were
A meeting was held with Mr. Ashraf, Union Council conducted. They appreciate the FFBLs efforts towards
Officer Dhabeji. Mr. Ashraf hinted at a few important the environment and social well being of the area. It was
issues that needed special attention during the project highlighted that there has been remarkable economic
execution. All these issues (listed below) have been growth in the area due to FFBL presence. The concerns
incorporated in Impact mitigation plan. and suggestion expressed and response provided is as
follows. All these issues (listed below) have been
Union Council Officer Dhabeji appreciated the incorporated in Impact mitigation plan and EMP of the
efforts made by the FFBL in terms of creation of a EIA report.
number of direct and indirect employments leading
to economic growth in the area and he also appreciated FFBL should prepare Animal Welfare policy and
the FFBL efforts towards the environment and social arrangement for the proposed project
well being of the area
Cattles should be properly inspected before
FFBL should prepared water conservation strategy purchasing.
for proposed project because water scarcity is common
Veterinary Hospitals should be available at project
in the project area
site.
Improper disposal of solid waste can deteriorate the
Animals lairages area should be ventilated with
aesthetic look of project area includes malaria
sufficient space for cattles.
outbreak and other disease in the project area.
Animals should be politely treated during
Waste disposal contractor should be hired to collect
slaughtering process, because in case of harassment
solid waste on daily bases.
toxic substances produce in meat of animals.
Employment opportunities will be provided to local
Proper hygienic and sanitation practices should be
community of project area
plasticised in proposed project facility.
2. Sindh Wildlife Department
4. Basic Health Unit (BHU) Dhabeji Union
A meeting was held with Dr. Fahmida Deputy Council
Conservator, Wildlife Department Sindh. The concerns
The consultation meeting was conducted with round of
and suggestion expressed and response provided is as
introduction and a brief description of the proposed
follows. All these issues (listed below) have been
project with the representative of BHU Mr. Hussain Gul,
Chapter 06 03
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
in-charge of BHU Dhabji. The concerns and suggestion Mobilzer. The concerns and suggestion expressed and
expressed and response provided is as follows. All these response provided is as follows. All these issues (listed
issues (listed below) have been incorporated in impact below) have been incorporated in Impact mitigation
mitigation plan and EMP of the EIA report. plan and EMP of the EIA report.
Mr. Hussain Gul appreciated the FFBLs efforts Mr. Ayaz Ali Kaka and Ms. Shabana Naz Abro
towards the environment and social wellbeing of the appreciated the FFBLs efforts towards the
area. It was highlighted that there has been remarkable environment and social wellbeing of the area. It was
economic growth in the area due to companys highlighted that there has been remarkable
presence. economic growth in the area due to presence of
company.
He suggested occupational health and hygiene
condition should be maintained in the production Employment opportunity should be provides on
facility merit and skill basis.
Occupational safety best practices should be Waste should be properly managed to avoid
adopted and First Aid trainings should be contaminating environment. Due to mishandling
conducted for the employees. and improper disposal of solid waste could cause
outbreak of malaria and other related diseases in the
Mr. Hussain Gul also highlighted his concern community.
regarding the full time hiring of a lady doctor in
BHU Dhabji. Since there is one female medical 7. WWF Pakistan
officer who attend female patient on alternate day Consultation meeting conducted with round of
and there is no doctor full time. Due to this reason introduction and a brief description of the proposed
women of the area are facing problems to sharing project was provided to the representative of WWF
their maternity problem. So there is a need of female Pakistan Mr. Moazzam Ali Khan Senior Advisor. The
doctor to attend the female patient on regular bases. concerns and suggestion expressed and response
provided is as follows. All these issues (listed below)
5. IUCN Pakistan
have been incorporated in Impact mitigation plan and
The meeting conducted with the round of introduction EMP of the EIA report.
and a brief description of the proposed project was
provided to the representative of IUCN Pakistan Mr. Mr. Moazzam appreciated the FFBLs efforts towards
Tahir Qureshi, Senior Advisor Coastal and Marine the environment and social wellbeing of the area. It
Ecosystem Program. The concerns and suggestion was highlighted that there has been remarkable
expressed and response provided is as follows. All these economic growth in the area due to companys
issues (listed below) have been incorporated in Impact presence.
mitigation plan and EMP of the EIA report.
Improper handling of waste can cause serious
Mr. Tahir Qureshi appreciated the FFBLs efforts environmental impact on the project area. Due to
towards the environment and social well being of improper disposal of solid waste population of
the area. It was highlighted that there has been undesired creatures including mongoose, reptiles &
remarkable economic growth in the area due to insects will multiply which will have negative
FFBL presence. impacts on birds habitat in the project area.
Water conservation strategy should be developed 8. Local NGO and Civil Society Organization
for the proposed project. Local NGOs and civil society organization were also
approached to record their concerns and suggestions
Cow dung and other solid waste should be properly related to the proposed project.
handle and dispose off, because it can cause
obstruction of natural drainage which would Step Development Organization: An organization
aggravate the population of mosquitoes and flies in working for the educational development and
the project area. environmental wellbeing with the support of
multi-donor organizations.
Improper handling and disposal of solid and liquid
waste could cause hydrological pollution, so solid Civil Society Network: It is a network of civil society
and liquid waste should be disposed of properly. having 40 organisations and individuals working on
various sector including health, water and sanitation,
FFBL should work on animal welfare. poverty reduction, gender, good governance etc.
6. National Rural Support Program (NRSP)
Generally, all of the secondary stakeholders are in the
A meeting was held with Mr Ayaz Ali Kaka, District favour of the proposed project and they admit the
Program Officer and Ms Shabana Naz Abro, Community
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Public consultation in Goth Allah Dino Baloch Public consultation in Achar Salaar Goth
Public Consultation with Mir M.palejo Goth Public Consultation with Goth Ameen
View of Consultation with women of Project Area View of Consultation in the Project Area
Chapter 06 05
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Consultation with Sindh Wildlife Department Consultation with Livestock Department Dhabeji
Representatives Representatives
Chapter 06 06
Chapter 07
This chapter discribes the potential environmental and Socio-economic conditions; and
social impacts of the proposed activities, predicts the
magnitude of the impact and assesses the significance. Archaeology
The proposed mitigation measures to minimize adverse
impacts, resulting residual impacts of the project and 7.2 Impact classIfIcatIon
environmental management plan (EMP) are discussed
The potential impacts are classified according to the type
in the next chapter.
of potential receptors. The following receptor categories
The discussion of the environmental and socio-economic were used:
impacts are organized in the following manner:
Community (people, their social and cultural values,
Impacts Associated with Proposed Project Activities aspirations and archaeological sensitivity,)
Environmental ImpactConstruction and Operation Land and soil (land resources, soil resources)
Activity
Air quality (ambient air quality, GHG emissions,
Socio-economic Impact Construction and Operation Ozone depletion)
Activity
Water resources (aquifer and surface water resources)
7.1 IdentIfIcatIon of potentIal Ecosystem (vegetation, wildlife, and biodiversity).
Impacts
In the first step, potential impacts of the project are 7.3 Impact scopIng crIterIa
identified by desktop screening exercise, using checklists Identified potential impacts are evaluated on the basis
during field visits for collection of baseline data, of following criteria;
professional judgment, published literature on
environmental impact of similar projects and standard the present baseline conditions, the change in
environmental guidelines. Potential impacts are also environmental parameters likely to be effected by
identified through discussion with project proponent, proposed project related activities;
consultation with stakeholders and community to
identify their concerns. Public consultation was carried Is there an impact that environmental standards or
out to identify the concerns of primary and secondary environmental guidelines applicable to the project
stakeholders. will be breached? This includes the national
standards such as the National Environmental
The main aspect associated with potential impacts are Quality Standards (NEQS) and guidelines such as
as follow; the World Bank, International Finance Corporation
(IFC) and WHO environmental guidelines.
Geomorphology, soil
Is there a high risk of a permanent, irreversible, and
Water resources (aquifer and surface water quality) significant change to environmental conditions due
Ambient air quality to the particular project activity? Some impacts are
transitory; they last until the activity that is the cause
Waste discharges of the impact is there. Others may last much longer
than the activity. After a long period the
Noise pollution environmental parameter may or may not revert
back to its natural state.
Greenhouse gases emissions (GHG)
Did the community express any concern about this
Ozone depleting substance
aspect?
Protected areas
An impact scoping matrix is described in below
Ecology of the area, including flora and fauna Table 7-1.
Vehicle movement
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Chapter 07 02
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Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
The prediction of impacts also include the duration of the impact and reversibility of the impact. Impact
of impacts (in terms of long-medium and assessment criteria for the above mention
short-term), nature of impact, geographical location parameters are illustrated in Table 7-4.
Identification of the mitigation measures: If it is frequency of the monitoring depends on the residual
determined that the predicted impact is significant, impacts. The purpose of monitoring is to confirm
suitable mitigation measures are identified. There that the impact is within the predicted limits and to
is a range of mitigation measures that can be applied provide timely information if unacceptable impact
to reduce impacts. This is discussed in subsequent is taking place. An environmental management plan
sections of this chapter. (EMP) will be developed with identification of
monitoring requirements. This is discussed in next
Evaluation of the residual impact: Incorporation of chapter.
the suggested mitigation measures reduces the
adverse impact of the project and brings it within 7.5 Impacts assocIated wIth
the acceptable limit. This step refers to the
identification of the anticipated remaining impacts
constructIon actIvItIes
after mitigation measures have been appliedthe In this section the environmental and socio-economic
residual impacts. This is discussed in subsequent impacts associated with the proposed project construction
sections of this chapter. activities are discussed. Construction activities here
means construction of infrastructure and fabrication of
Identification of the monitoring requirements: The Abattoir. The identified impacts assessment are detailed
last step in the assessment process is the identification in the below Table 7-5.
of the monitoring requirements. The scope and
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Chapter 07 04
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Chapter 07 05
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Chapter 07 06
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Broadly, these measures can be classified into four The project area soil is very dense, silty fine to coarse
categories: grains with some gravels & silty clay. The total project
area would be approximately 20.45 acres for
Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking certain slaughterhouse construction, it is expected that the
proposed activity or parts of an activity, for example, project crew will use existing roads for transportation of
using Halon, HCFC and CFC-free equipment to goods. Construction should follow good industry
avoid impact on ozone layer. practices to avoid unnecessary clearing outside of the
work corridors and likelihood of soil erosion along or
Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or across natural drainage paths. The vegetation of project
magnitude of the activity, for example, minimizing area is very scanty and consists of desolate shrubs,
dust emission by using water sprinkler. bushes and trees. The woody, thorny, under-shrubs are
usually not above thirty centimetres in height. Mesquite,
Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or
an exotic species that is bushy in shape is present in the
restoring the affected environment.
project area.
Compensating for the impact by replacing or
Loss of topsoil may only take place at a few locations
providing substitute resources or environments.
during construction activities. However, in view of the
The project proponent plays a vital role in developing limited area covered by proposed project, this impact is
the mitigation plan by identifying possible mitigation expected to be of low significance. The spillage and
measures and assessing the feasibility of proposed measures. leakage of fuels, oils, and other chemicals may lead to
soil contamination. Considering the limited land area
This section provides a summary of the residual effects requirement for the development of a proposed project,
that are likely to be present following implementation no significant impacts due to this activity will occur
of the mitigation measures. provided the mitigation measures listed in following
section of the report are adhered with.
7.6.1. PROTECTED AREAS
There is no protected area, wetlands or wildlife sanctuary 7.6.2.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
was found inside or close proximity of within 5km The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts
radius of the project area. on geology, topography, and soil during the proposed
construction activities are:
7.6.2. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOILS
Vegetation clearing will be kept minimum;
7.6.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS Unnecessary clearing of vegetation will be strictly
Impacts on geomorphology and soils may arise from the prohibited;
following project activities:
Vehicle speeds will be regulated and monitored to
Clearing and levelling for infrastructure construc- avoid excessive dust emissions;
tion.
Off-road travel should be avoided and observance
Contamination of soil due to spillage of fuels, oils, of this should be monitored during the operation;
or chemicals.
Use of existing roads for transportation of goods.
Chapter 07 07
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Vehicles and equipment would not be repaired in towards Arabian Sea, however this drain is dried and
the field. If unavoidable, impervious sheathing will never flooded. The ground water availability in project
be used to avoid soil and water contamination. area is at depth of 80 to 100ft, so proposed project
activities will not impact on local water resources. But if
Waste oils should be collected and disposed off as water is procured form local resources then it will
per waste management plan. impact the water availability for locals.
Regular inspections would be carried out to detect
leakages in construction vehicles and equipment. 7.6.3.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
The mitigation measures described below will ensure
Fuels, lubricants, and chemicals will be stored in
that the project areas surface and aquifer resources are
proper storages.
not affected by project activities.
7.6.2.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT Follow good housekeeping practices with all
machinery that may potentially discharge waste
The land use will change as a result of construction of
water;
the slaughterhouse.The nature of impact is direct and its
duration is short term and reversible but takes time to No untreated effluents will be released to the
rehabilitate the natural environment of the area, so the environment;
overall significance of impact is low resulting from low
likelihood as the construction activities will be short Effluents from the camp offices and the residential
term. If the mitigation measures are effectively camps will be treated if required before its disposal.
implemented, the residual impact of the proposed The treated water either will be used for tree
activities on the areas geophysical environment is plantation or will be disposed off in the nearby drain
expected to be very low in significance. channel.
Stored fuel, oil and other chemicals; 7.6.4.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS
In project area there is one natural drain called Lath The sources of emissions during construction activities
Wala Dhora passing through the project boundary wall will not be significantly enough to alter the ambient air
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Chapter 07 09
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Chapter 07 10
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By implementing the above mitigation measures the Uncontrolled discharge of waste of any kind will be
overall impact will be significantly low. avoided in the area;
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Chapter 07 13
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Limit the social interaction between the workforce Speed limit of 10 km/h will be maintained on the
and the local communities; section of the access road that is adjacent to the
village.
The construction crews interaction with the local
population will be minimized. Nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited
where possible.
The project proponent and the contractor will
maintain liaison with the local community. The Road signage relevant to the project traffic will be
communities will be informed of the construction posted, where necessary.
activities well in advance.
Work areas outside the proposed plant site,
There will be no interaction with the local women especially where machinery is involved will be
folk. roped off and will be constantly monitored to ensure
that local people, especially children stay away.
The company will maintain a social complaint
register at the site to document all complaints No machinery will be left unattended, particularly
received from local communities. The register will in running condition.
also record the measures taken to mitigate these
concerns. 7.7 impacts associateD With
Awareness and cultural inductions to educate the
operation activities
contractor workforce on the requirement of In this section the environmental and socio-economic
minimizing social interaction with local communities; impacts associated with the proposed project operation
activities are discussed. The impacts that are discussed
Project staff will respect cultural norms. are as follows:
The non-local project staff will be sensitized to local Environmental Impacts
culture and norms.
Transportation of live animals
Unnecessary interaction of local population with the
non-local project staff will be avoided. Solid waste and by-products
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Chapter 07 15
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Chapter 07 16
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and waste in the following manner: livestock bruising during transport and handling,
maintenance of lairage areas to keep animals clean,
Blood will be processed to make Blood Meal. use of rounded knives when hides are manually
Animal fat will be processed and produce "Tallow" removed, and washing / preservation of hides and /
and will be storage for further transportation. or use of refrigeration or proper drying or salting to
reduce bacterial degradation during transport to the
Inedible waste materials from the slaughtered tannery.
animals will be processed and converted into a
mixed meat and bone meal. The product will be Curtail animal feeding 12 hours before slaughtering
stored in gunny bags. The bags will be suitably to reduce manure production and reduce the risk of
sealed giving name of the company, date of contamination of the carcasses with manure and
manufacture and composition of product. The bags digestive tract content during slaughter.
will be stored in room temperature until they are Provide sufficient manure storage capacity until the
sold. manure is transported for agricultural and other
3. Manure Management uses.
Manure will be transported to the main manure storage Collect and compost stomach and intestinal contents
area for later application to the agricultural land as and manure (preferably removed in dry form
fertilizer. FFBL is also planning to install a Bio-Gas plant without mixing into the effluent, and provided it
in near future to fulfill the energy needs of the abattoir, does not come from diseased animals) for use as
and production of organic fertilizer, through manure. compost or other agricultural application. In future
FFBL will design the manure storage area to minimize when FFBL install bio-gas plant, this waste will be
odour and other air emissions and leachate from manure sent to bio-gas plant for production of electricity and
in line with good international practices. The manure organic fertilizer.
storage area will have slatted flooring and dry manure
scrapers which reduce ammonia emissions. Hard 6. Sludge from Wastewater Treatment
flooring will prevent leachate filtration to soils and The following measures will be implemented to further
groundwater. Manure storage areas will also be located reduce the volume of waste generated from wastewater
well away from any surface waters/or floodplains. treatment processes:
Further measures to reduce leachate and therefore risk
of groundwater contamination include protection Segregate wastewater containing manure and
against rainfall and, use of dry manure scraping (rather digestive tract content (e.g. from reception of live
than flushing with water). There is ample demand for animals, lairage, cleaning of trucks and specific
the manure due to the large areas of agricultural land in areas in the casing department). Screened materials
the project area. FFBL will develop a Manure from these areas can be used as fertilizers on
Management Plan, for those operations under its direct agricultural land or will be added in the manure
control, to ensure all requirements are met and water collected from livestock and then will be sent to
resources are protected. A system for recording manure bio-gas plant for production of electricity and
collection and application will also be described in the organic fertilizer.
plan. Increase the quality of the sludge for possible use as
4. Sick and Diseased Animals agricultural fertilizer by reducing or eliminating
Animal fitness will be judged at the time of pathogens such as E. coli, campylobacter, and
procurement / receipt at site by veterinary inspector. salmonella through controlled aerobic treatment
If animal judged not fit for halal slaughter by (compost) or anaerobic digestion (bio-gas).
veterinary inspector, it will not be accepted.
7.7.2.4. RESIDUAL IMPACTS
Animals that die during transport, and sick or dead
Proper implementation of the mitigation measures will
animals from quarantine pens, would be separated
minimize the residual impact from waste. Monitoring
and will be incinerated for final disposal.
and inspection will be undertaken to ensure the
5. Reprocess-able Solid Animal Waste mitigation measures implementation.
For reprocessing of solid animal by-products following
measures will be considered: 7.7.3. WASTEWATER
Specific control measures will be taken to segregate 7.7.3.1. POTENTIAL ISSUES
and manage high-risk tissues.
Meat processing wastewater typically has a high content
Enhance the quality and value of bovine hides for of organic material and consequently a high biochemical
sale to tanneries. Methods include prevention of oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand
Chapter 07 17
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(COD) due to the presence of blood, tallow, and mucosa. cleaning should be removed while in solid form.
Wastewater may have a high content of nitrogen (from
blood) and phosphorus, in addition to pathogenic and Stomach and intestine contents should be
non-pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and parasite eggs. removed and transported in a dry state by
Detergents and disinfectants, including acid, alkaline, pumps, screw conveyers or trolleys to outdoor
and neutral compounds, disinfectants, and liquid storage and collection points for further
paraffin, may enter the wastewater stream after recycling or land use.
application during facility-cleaning activities. Prevent direct runoff to water courses,
The wastewater can be a potential source of pollution to especially from lairage and manure storage
surface and groundwater resources of the area. areas.
Chapter 07 18
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The rest of emissions from standby generators will be of Bio-filters will be installed to control the odour.
less in concentration. The emissions from backup Odour monitoring should be undertaken on
generators include sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, regularly basis.
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulates. The
emission levels depend on the type and quality of fuel All process buildings will be constructed from high
and the manner in which it is burned. quality cladding, generally with a concrete protective
wall section along the base, in which all doors will
7.7.4.3 MITIGATION MEASURES be kept closed and only operated to facilitate access
to the buildings. This will reduce the risk of any loss
The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts
of fugitive emissions to atmosphere from these
on air quality during the proposed operation activities
buildings. The air from this enclosed area is
are:
continuously extracted to the bio filters. The bio
The following mitigation measures will be implemented: filter extraction system continuously removes
potentially odorous air from the process buildings
General Measures thus ensuring that these buildings are operated
Clean pens and livestock yards on a timely basis. under negative pressure so that the risk of escape of
fugitive is minimised.
Empty and clean fat traps frequently.
All screw conveyors used in the process areas will
Condensation of vapors from rendering process be covered with bolt-on covers. The covers are
combined with scrubbers. removed only to allow routine maintenance to be
Ammonia monitoring should be carried out on carried out.
Chapter 07 19
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Tallow oil from the decanter will be discharged into monitoring conducted at project site and trend shows
a closed bin. This bin will be removed and vapors the lowest acoustic level of 57dB and highest recorded
from the bin will be also extracted to the bio-filter level was 60.2dB during day time. The main source of
treatment system. noise at site is heavy vehicular movement on National
Highway.
All side sheeting on the main production building
will be constructed with double skin type of The NEQS and IFC/World Bank guidelines for noise
cladding. require that the sound level in residential areas should
not exceed 55 dB (A) during the day and 45 dB (A)
Operating procedures for the raw material area will during the night. An alternate criterion is the World
include instructions to all operators to ensure that Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
all access doors to the building are kept closed
except when in use, and to close access doors The existing daytime noise levels at eight locations show
immediately after delivery vehicles enter or leave that noise levels are not complying with NEQS defined
the airlock building. Separate personnel doors will limits due to heavy vehicular movement on National
be provided for the operators entering and leaving Highway.
the buildings and these doors are kept closed at all
times. These instructions and their implementation Noise level during operation phase of slaughterhouse
are designed to minimise fugitive emissions of will be limited to operational site. The only noise sources
potentially odorous air from these areas. during operation phase will be air compressors and
backup generators. Workers could be exposed to high
Emissions from Waste Water Treatment Plant: noise level, however only concerned staff will be
Continuous operation of proper conditions within working in the area with required personal protective
the aeration tanks is the best method of preventing equipment (PPE) to minimize/ reduce the noise
odours from the wastewater treatment plant. One of exposure. The control on occupational hazards
the most important process control parameters will including noise is discussed later in this section. The
be maintenance of a controlled inflow to the residential area is located about 2 to 3km away from the
biological system. This will prevent the biological proposed project site and there will be no significant
process from being overloaded and help to maintain impact on the community.
aerobic conditions in the system. Maintenance of
aerobic conditions in the treatment plant will reduce 7.7.5.3. MITIGATION MEASURES
the risk of unacceptable odour (fugitive emissions)
The following mitigation measure will be undertaken in
from the process. Another possible source of
order to further reduce the noise levels:
unacceptable odour at the wastewater treatment
plant is the balance tank where raw wastewater is Effective noise suppression design and plan will be
kept prior to treatment. All of these measures will made for all noise producing equipment;
be used to reduce the risk of odour from the
wastewater treatment plant. It will be ensured that generators, vehicles and other
potentially noisy equipment used are in good
7.7.4.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT condition. Noise from generators, vehicles and other
equipment and machinery will be kept to the
If the mitigation measures are effectively implemented, minimum through regular maintenance;
the residual impact of the proposed activities on the
areas air quality is expected to be low in significance. Noise monitoring will be carried out periodically.
Chapter 07 20
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to transport live animals. skin. Mild to moderate exposure to the gas can produce
headaches, burning in the throat, perspiration, nausea
The following mitigation measures will be implemented: and vomiting etc. Adequate maintenance of refrigeration
Journey management plan will be developed. lines is key to preventing such leaks. In addition, once
an ammonia leak is detected, monitoring and evacuation
To the extent possible, peak traffic times will be procedures must be carried out to prevent dangerous
avoided for traffic. exposures.
Nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited 7.7.9. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
where possible.
SAFETY
Vehicles will remain confined to defined access. This section discusses the occupational health and safety
impacts of operations of slaughterhouse. Occupational
Speed limit of 10 km/h will be maintained on the
health and safety hazards for meat processing are
section of the access road that is adjacent to the
similar to those of other industrial facilities. In addition,
village.
occupational health and safety issues that may be
Road signage relevant to the project traffic will be specifically associated with meat processing operations
posted, where necessary. include the following:
Abnormal events might include loss of power and the Slaughterhouse floor will be kept dry through
outbreak of fire. The facility will have its own backup regular housekeeping practices.
power supply using diesel generators to protect against Lifting, Carrying, Repetitive Work, and Work Postures
a loss of power and will be equipped with an automatic
fire detection system and fire hose system. Meat processing activities may include a variety of
situations in which workers can be exposed to lifting,
Ammonia leakage could occur from the refrigeration carrying, and repetitive work and work posture injuries.
system pipes. Ammonia gas is irritating to the eyes and Such situations include manual handling of live animals
Chapter 07 21
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in the stables, removal and handling of manure and All waste material will be properly managed and
other solid wastes, handling of carcasses including will be removed daily basis to avoid exposure to
pushing, pulling, hanging up, and taking down from the workers.
sliding rails, and manually lifting boxes with meat or
Chemicals
bones. Following will be followed to reduce the hazards
of work place: Exposure to chemicals (including gases and vapors) may
occur during handling of chemicals related to cleaning
Proper training will be provided for live animal and disinfecting process areas and lairage / livestock
handling methods including the use of structures yards. To avoid the chemical exposure to workers,
and equipment for handling and restraining proper PPE such as respiratory protection and impermeable
animals; clothing for use during disinfection of pens and lairage
areas will be provided and precautionary measures will
Lairage pens will be designed appropriately be taken during handling and storing of detergents.
(hydraulic platforms and gravity flow will be
utilized in the design) so that the animals can be Heat, Cold, and Radiation
calmly moved into the facility, and which allows for Workers may be exposed to fluctuating internal climatic
escape routes for the workers. conditions and cold from refrigerated rooms. Measures
to reduce exposure to heat and cold include equipping
Biological Hazards
cold stores and chill stores with strip curtains to avoid
Exposure to biological and microbiological agents may extensive drafts when doors are open; ensuring freezers
be associated with inhalation and ingestion of dust and can be opened from the inside; providing protective
aerosols during manure handling in the lairage, pens clothing in cold environments (e.g. refrigerated storage
and livestock yards, as well as through incidental rooms), ensuring workers are always equipped with
ingestion and dermal contact during carcass handling, proper working garments, including dry boots; and
intestine cleaning, handling of stomach contents, and minimizing the amount of time process workers are in
waste and wastewater management operations. hot or cold environments. Proper radiation shielding
Following mitigation measures will be followed to should be provided.
reduce the exposure of hazards:
Chapter 07 22
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Chapter 07 23
Chapter 08
The potential environmental and social impacts are monitoring parameters in order to:
identified from the planning stage of proposed project
through the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Ensure the complete implementation of all
process. The EIA has identified potential impacts that mitigation measures.
are likely to arise during the project. The EIA has Ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures.
examined in detail both negative and positive impacts
at each stage of the project covering both construction Define requirements for environmental monitoring
and operations phase. To minimize the effects of adverse and auditing.
impacts the EIA has recommended mitigation measures.
These mitigation measures include the use of alternative Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the
technologies, management and physical controls, or face of unanticipated environmental situations.
compensation in monetary terms. The proposed
Identify training requirements at various levels.
mitigation measures have been based on the
8.2 comPonEnts of thE EmP
understanding of the sensitivity and behavior of
environmental receptors in the project area, the
legislative controls that apply to the project and a review The EMP consists of the following:
of good industrial practices while operating in similar
environments. For residual impacts (impacts remaining Legislation and guidelines
after applying the recommended mitigation measures)
Organizational structure; roles and responsibilities
and for impacts in which there can be a level of
uncertainty in prediction at the EIA stage, monitoring Monitoring / Management plan
measures have been recommended to ascertain these
impacts during the course of the project. Environmental monitoring
Chapter 08 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 02
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 03
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 04
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 05
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
CC = Construction Contractor, CDC = Civil Design Contractor , FFBL = Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited
Chapter 08 06
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Chapter 08 07
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 08
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 09
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 10
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Systematically observe the activities undertaken by Ambient Air Quality The monitoring will be
the contractors or any other person associated with carried out at key locations covering both
the project. environmental receptors and workers occupational
exposures.
Verify that the activities are undertaken in compliance
with the EIA and other conditions identified by Noise measurement of noise levels within the
FFBL. slaughterhouse and the surroundings (boundary)
will be carried out on a quarterly basis to ensure that
Document and communicate the observations to the the noise levels are within the standards stated in
concerned person(s) at FFBL so that any corrective the EIA.
measures, if required, can be taken in a timely manner.
Effluent - sampling and analysis of effluent
Maintain a record of all incidents of environmental discharge after wastewater treatment into inland or
significance and related actions and corrective municipality sewerage line.
measures.
Groundwater as a good environmental practice,
Compliance monitoring will be the responsibility of all groundwater monitor wells may be established
teams involved in the operation i.e. FFBL and the around to monitor any unlikely change in
contractors. FFBL staff and contractors will carry out the groundwater properties.
inspections on a routine basis. This will also include
routine monitoring of effluent and emissions and
operational parameters to ensure effective operations of
slaughterhouse and auxiliary systems.
Chapter 08 12
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Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Weekly meetings
8.8.5 AUDIT REPORTS
FFBL will keep a record of all audits and inspections
The purpose of the kick-off meeting will be to present commissioned or undertaken by the company to check
the environmental management plan to the senior staff conformance with the EMP.
of the project team, contractors and stakeholders and
discuss its implementation. 8.9 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING
A daily meeting will be held to discuss the environmental Environmental training will help to ensure that the
conduct of the operation, non-compliances noted by the requirements of the EIA and EMP are clearly understood
field HSE Advisor, and their remedial measures. Minutes and followed by all project personnel throughout the
of the meeting will be recorded in the form of action project period.
tracking register.
Environmental training will form part of the
The purpose of the weekly HSE meeting will be to environmental management system. The training will be
review the weekly performance of the operation by directed towards all personnel for general environm
reviewing the number of non-conformances and the ental awareness.
environmental incidents that occurred during the week,
progress on daily action items, and to agree 8.9.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING
recommendations for additional controls, mitigation PROGRAMME
measures or monitoring requirements. The meeting will
be recorded in the form of a weekly HSE report. The key objective of training programme is to ensure
that the requirements of the EMP are clearly understood
Weekly and monthly HSE reports will be communicated and followed throughout the project. The trainings to
to the FFBL management and senior members of the the staff will help in communicating environmental
contractors. The report will include: related controls specified in the EIA and EMP.
Summary of weekly project activities.
8.9.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Non-compliances observed and mitigation FFBL Field HSE Representative and the contractors HSE
measures taken or required. Advisor will primarily be responsible for providing HSE
training to all project personnel on potential
8.8.2 SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER environmental issues of the project. Contractor will
The FFBL will maintain a register of complaints prepare a project specific training manual for this
regarding environment received from local communities purpose. Contractors on their part will be required to
and measures taken to mitigate these concerns. All provide induction training/ briefing to all their staff
Chapter 08 13
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
before the start of any activity in the project area. When a specified percentage of staff is newly
inducted in the project;
8.9.3 TRAINING LOG When any non-compliance is repeatedly reported,
A training log will be maintained by FFBL and contractors. refresher training will be provided regarding that
The training log will include; issue;
Topic When any incident/accident of minor or major
nature occurs;
Date, time and location
Arrival of new contractor / sub contractor;
Trainer
Start of any new process / activity.
Participants
Chapter 08 14
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Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Chapter 08 15
Chapter 09
Conclusion
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
09 - ConClusion
Pakistan has not been able to exploit its large livestock activities are undertaken as proposed and described in
population to become a major player in the international this report, and the recommended mitigation and
halal meat trade, as meat slaughtered in the traditional environmental management measures are adopted, the
abattoirs fails to meet international standards. project will not result in any long-term or significant
Considering potential and massive opportunities for impacts on the environment or local community.
Pakistan, to tap into and network with international
distributors, to cater the demand for Halal meat
globally. The project will encompass a modern
state-of-the-art halal meat slaughtering facility with the
objective of processing high quality meat, value added
products and by-products with special focus on
international markets. The project will provide ad
ditional income and gainful employment to the nearby
villagers and animal producers. It will also help to
encourage development of the ancillary industries
around the abattoir based on utilization of slaughter
house wastes such as offal (casings/surgical sutures/pet
foods), bones (bone meal), tertiary animal by-products
(like gelatin, gums used by the pharmaceutical, food and
cosmetic industry), meat meal/ hoof and horn meal etc
(animal feed industry), processed hide/pelt (leather
industry), gut-contents (manure for agricultural crops as
organic fertilizer and can be used for bio-gas generation
in near future) etc. The proposed project will help to
increase Pakistans export potential through meat and
value added quality meat products.
Chapter 09 01
Chapter 10
Reference
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
10 - RefeRences
1. Baseline Survey Report of Costal Areas Badin and 18. Khan, M. Z., Ghalib, S. A., Siddiqui, S., Yasmeen, G.,
Thatta Distict, Abbas, D., Farooq, R., Fatima, T. and Zehra, A. 2012.
Current status and distribution of the Reptiles of
2.. Climate Classification of Pakistan. Kazi, 1952. Sindh. Journal of Basic and Applied Science.
3. District Census Report Thatta District. 19. National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
4. EPA (1999), Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet for Water and Noise, 2011.
Sequencing Batch Reactors 20. Memon, S. H. and Bhatti, M. A. 2005. Important
5. Field Guide book large and medium sized Trees, shrubs and Herbs. Forest and Wildlife
mammals of Pakistan Department, Govt. of Sindh.
Chapter 10 01
Annexure
Annexure I
Project Team
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
1. Ms. Tasneem Ilyas EIA Expert EIA Expert and Technical Review
3. Ms. Ammara Naqvi EIA/HSE Expert, Project Description, Impact Assessment and Mitigation
Measures, Environmental Management Plan
9. Mr. Nawab Abid Water and soil baseline Field visits and Environmental Baseline,
Stakeholder Consultation.
10. Mr. Mumtaz Hassan Water Pollution Expert Geology and Hydrogeology
Annexure I 01
Annexure II
Installation of only the strictly necessary single The mix of water and solids is pumped into the
modules container of the sieve.
Easy to use and operate There is a drum made of Johnson filter mesh inside
the container of the screen.
Lowest energy consumption and maintenance
This drum rotation is driven by an electric geared
Highest treatment capacity and contaminants motor.
elimination
Effluent passes through the filter mesh from the
Highest capacity to cope with an increase of loads outside to the inside.
or different flows and loads
Solids are retained in the mesh
Minimal production of sludge
The rotation of the mesh makes these solids being
No consumption of chemical products separated by an outer scraper.
Improvements in aeration devices and controls have Effluent without solids goes out from the lower part
allowed sequencing batch reactor to successfully of the sieve and is lead by gravity along a pipe into
compete with conventional activated sludge systems. a container.
Sequential batch reactors can achieve equalization,
primary clarification, biological treatment, and Separated solids are collected into a hopper after
secondary clarification in a single reactor. which they are sent by gravity to a container.
Annexure II 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
means of pressurized water spray by nozzles placed create turbulent streams that may hinder the process of
on the same axis of the drum. flotation. The layer of floated particles on the surface is
raked by a scraping system made of plastic material that
c. Aerated Homogenization
takes them out to a waste way.
Once coarse solids have been removed, it is
recommended to implement a homogenization process The D.A.F. unit will operate with a flow up to 50 m3/h,
previous to the treatment in order to achieve an optimal with a HRT over 30 minutes and a raising speed of
yield of the flotation unit. This will also avoid having particles below 2.5 m/h.
load peaks and bad odor coming from the waste water.
The homogenization is achieved by aeration by blower A2.2 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
and a diffusers grid placed on the floor of the tank. The
aims of performing this step of the process are the a. Biological Treatment Sequential Batch Reactor
following: (S.B.R.)
Water flow free of solids enters the biological reactor in
Water is homogenized in order to get uniform water which the process of oxidative biotic degradation will be
for the biological treatment. In addition, this will performed. The main reasons for choosing a biological
avoid having overloads and peak flows. water treatment type S.B.R. to treat waste water coming
from slaughterhouses are the following:
Water aeration reduces polluted load by means of
biological oxidation and brings forward the High capacity for flows and loads treatment
biological process. Moreover, this avoids getting fat
crusts or settling of solids in the buffer tank. Minimal sludge production
The high volume of this tank makes possible to Highest resistance to cope with specific loads
regulate the flow towards the SBR unit.
Highest operating flexibility
d. Fine Solids Separation by Means of Rotary
Screen This system guarantees the best separation of sludge
A self-cleaning rotary screen will be installed in order to and clean liquid
remove all solid particles bigger than 0,25 mm. This Highest guarantee of the quality of clean liquid
equipment will be placed in front of the flotation unit to
avoid obstruction. In addition, this process of screening The features of the S.B.R. unit are:
enhances further biological treatment as it reduces the
load of solids in the SBR. Sequential Batch Reactor (S.B.R.) consisting of two
biological reactors. The foreseen cycle for the
e. De-sanding-Degreasing (Flotation) by Means reactors is 23-24 hours.
of D.A.F. Unit
Effluent free of solids enters the flotation chamber. It is The unit will better work with low loads in order to
necessary to modify both the dimensions and the flow achieve high reduction of organic matter and
to get a more uniform flow so that heavy particles (sand) minimize the amount of biological sludge to be
are settled in the floor of the tank, from which they will purged.
be discharged periodically by a pneumatic valve.
Oxygenation will be performed by means of a set of
Grease and flocs flotation is performed by the injection internal rotary pistons blowers and membrane
of micro bubbles sized 30 micron that adhere to flocs and diffusers placed on the floor of the tank.
suspended solids floating them up to the surface.
Oxygenation is controlled by an oxygen control
The creation of these micro bubbles is performed by a probe + drive which may act on the blower
multi-stage pump that operates on a pressurization tank. operation in order to get only the necessary air. By
This tank takes both water and air creating a mix inside doing this, the consumption of the strongest motor
the tank and the pipe that leads it to the flotation unit. is optimized and problems resulting from an
Further pressurization generates a solution of air in excessive aeration will be avoided.
water that will act as a floater while it raises up to the
Agitation is done by two agitators especially
surface. This pressurization-saturation-depressurization
intended for waste water and active sludge in order
process is performed within a recirculation line using
to keep anoxic conditions in the cycle to achieve
part of the clean liquid from the plant. By means of this
nitrification - de-nitrification.
process we achieve a smaller bubble as long as we seek
to get a low-speed lifting of bubbles. The higher the Clean liquid discharge is performed after decanting
raising speed is the shorter the time for the bubbles to by means of a time valve that can be modified and a
reach the surface. This means a less efficient effect of floating surface skimmer (maximum clean liquid
suspension. Even more, a too high speed of the bubbles
Annexure II 02
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Annexure II 03
Annexure III
Annexure III 01
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
Annexure III 02
Annexure IV
Annexure IV 01