D 5.4 Skill Builder Subtracting Integers Symbolically To subtract an integer without tiles, we add the opposite integer. —3 and 3, -6 and 6, and —15 and 15 are opposite integers. To subtract: (~4) ~ (-3) ‘Add the opposite integer. The opposite of —3 is 3. And, (-4) +3 =-1 So, (~4) = (-3) We can use algebra tiles to check: ooos Take away —3: ane One @ remains. So, (4) = (-3) = 4. Subtract. a) 6 - (-2): The opposite of -2is__ ‘Add the opposi =__ So, 6 — (-2) b) 3 - (4): The opposite of 4is__. Add the opposite: So,3-@)=__ ©) (-8)- (-5): The opposite of —5is__. ‘Add the opposite: So, d) (-9) - (4); The opposite of 4is__. ‘Add the opposite:D 5.4 Subtracting Polynomials LISTEN Use different strategies to subtract polynomials. ‘To subtract a polynomial, we subtract each term of the polynomial. (_Example 1 | Subtracting Polynomials with Algebra Tiles Use algebra tiles to model (3b? — 2b ~ 1) ~ (2b? ~ b + 2), Write a subtraction sentence. Solutio Model: 36? — 2b — TCO g To subtract —2b? — b + 2, take away 2 There are no | or Gi to take away, So, add 2 zero pairs of each tile: Ty = | ae So, z tiles also model 3b? — 2b ~ 1 eal Take away the tiles for —2 WEE, and 2 Ol. The remaining tiles represent: 5b? — b — 3 The subtraction sentence js: (3? — 26 ~ 1) - (-26? - b + 2) = 5b? b - 34. Use algebra tiles to model each difference. Sketch the tiles that remain, then write the difference. a) (4p + 3) — 2p +1) Remaining tiles So, (4p + 3) - (2p + 1)= b) (St + 1) - (-2t +3) ‘Remember to add zero pairs when there are not enough tiles to subtract. Remaining tiles: _ So, (5 + 1) ~ (-2t + 3) = ©) (Ge? + 2e — 4) ~ (4e? + 3e — 2) Remaining tiles: So, (3e? + 2e — 4) — (4e? + 3e - 2) = ‘To subtract integers without tiles, we can add the opposite integer. To subtract polynomials without tiles, we can add the opposite terms. Example 2 | Subtracting Polynomials Symbolically Subtract: (5K? + 2k — 6) — (3k? ~ 4k + 1) Solution (-5k2 + 2k — 6) — (3K - 4k +1) Remove the brackets from the first term. = 5K? + 2k — 6 — (BK? - 4k + 1) ‘Add the opposite of each term in brackets. -5k2 + 2k- 6 +(-3K2 + 4k- 1) Remove the brackets. = 5K + 2k- 6 - 3K + Ak 1 Group like terms. 5k — 3K2 + 2k + 4k - 6-1 Add the coefficients of like terms. = -8k2 + 6k-71. Subtract. a) (8f — 3) ~ (7F +5) 2 — (f+5) =8f-3+ t b) (2 + 5g — 79°) — (9g ~ 4g? + 2) x Remove the brackets from the first term. ‘The opposite of 7fis: The opposite of 5 is: Add the opposites. Remove the brackets. Group like terms. Add the coefficients of like terms. ‘Remember to write the polynomial in descending order. 1. Write the subtraction sentence modelled by each set of tiles. “(ir ‘on 2. Use algebra tiles to model each difference. ‘Sketch the tiles that remain, then write the difference, a) (Br + 2) — (-2r + 3) Remaining tiles So, Gr + 2)—(-2r+3 b) (—4¥ + 5v~1)- (37 + 4v—2) Remaining tiles: So, (-4 + 5v— 1)- (32 + 4-2)3. Write the opposite of each term. a) -9: b) 3r 4, Subtract. a) (4p + 1) - (p + 10) -@ +10) 4p+it b) (Bh? + 5h — 4) - (h? - 4h + 6) ©) (4g? + 3) ~ Bq - g? + 3) 92% dt Remove the brackets from the first term. The opposite of pis: ___ The opposite of 10 is: Add the opposites. Remove the brackets. Group like terms. ‘Add the coefficients of like terms Remove the brackets from the first term. ‘Add the opposites. Remove the brackets. Group like terms. ‘Add the coefficients of lke terms. 5. Check each solution. Identify any errors and correct them. (72 + 3x +7) - Be - 4) a) (7x? + 3x + 7) — (3x? - 4) = T+ 3x4 7-304 = Tt - 32 + BK HT 4 = 4d + 3x43 b) (Ba? — 2a + 4) — (2a? + 3) 3a? — 2a + 4 - 2a? - 3 3a? - 2a? - 2a + 4-3 =al+2a-3 (a? - 2a + 4) - (2a? + 3)Can you... * Recognize, write, describe, and classify polynomials? * Represent polynomials using tiles, pictures, and algebraic expressions? * Simplify polynomials by combining like terms? * Add and subtract polynomials? ‘1.Is the polynomial a monomial, binomial, or trinomial? a) -9 The polynomial has___ term, so it is a b) 37-5 The polynomial has__ terms, so it is a ©) 2st-s41 The polynomial has___ terms, so it is a d) -a2 +2a The polynomial has__ terms, so it is a 2, Write the polynomial represented by each set of tiles. a) Use the variable a. we" = — bb) Use the variable r. aan ©) Use the variable w. Ww 3. Simplify each tile model. ‘Write the polynomial that the remaining tiles represent. a age ae CT TUIE* a a Remaining tiles Polynomial:Remaining tiles: Polynomial: 4, simplify each polynomial. a) 5e+ 4 Group like terms. Add the coefficients of like terms. b) 4c? - 3d + 11 - oe? + Sd - 13 EEE 5. sketch tiles to model each sum. Then write the sum. a) (av - 4) + (-2v + 7) Remaining tiles’ So, (4v ~ 4) + (-2v + 7) = b) (6u? — 5u ~ 7) + (-3u2 + 3u + 7) Remaining tiles: So, (6u? 6. Add. a) Gt + 11) +(-7t- 4) Su ~ 7) + (32 + Bu +7, b) (10/2 — 9) + (-37 + 4y - 2) 3th nr) +32 + ay- 2 7. Find the perimeter of this rectangle. Perimeter fi 3s+4 43-5 aeeeUse algebra tiles to model each difference. ‘Sketch the tiles that remain, then write the difference, a) (Sn — 6) — (-n ~ 3) Remaining tiles: So, (51 — 6) — (=n = 3) = b) (- + 3v-5) - (-v + dv +2) Remaining tiles: So, (- + 3v— 5) = (= + ay + 2) 9. Subtract. a) (11h + 3) — Gh - 2) Remove the brackets from the first term. ~ (9h - 2) Add the opposites. +( Remove the brackets. Group like terms. I Add the coefficients of like terms. 11j-7)- (127 gj- 3)