DESIGN OF R.C.C.

CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

DATA - SECTION B-B
Height of embankment above G.L. = 3.7 m
Density of soil e = 18 kN/m3
SBC of soil qa = 150 kN/m2 300 mm surcharge hs = 1.20
Coeffcient of friction = 0.5 m
Angle of Repose (Angle of shearing resistance ) = 30 deg
Surcharge Pressure Ws = 21.6 kN/m2
Equivalent height of surcharge hs = 1.2 m
Grade of Concrete = 30 N/mm2 W2
Grade of Steel = 415 N/mm2 3.7 m Pa1 h' =
Earth pressure coeifficients h = 5.7 m W1 6.90
Ca = 0.333 Pa2 m
Cp = 3 W3

h/2
PRELIMINARY PROPORTIONS h/3
Minimum depth of foundation = 0.9 m 2m 600 mm
Provide depth of foundation = 2 m
Overall depth of Wall 'h' = 5.7 m W4
Thickness of Base Slab = 552 mm 560
Provide Thickness of Base Slab = 560 mm mm 1.6 X = 2.3
Stem Thickness ( Assume) = 600 mm m m Ca x e x h
Stem Thickness at Top = 300 mm Ca x e x hs = Ca x Ws
Required Width of Base Slab 'W' = 3.450 m 3.9 m
Required Projection 'X' = 2.30 m
Provide Required Width of Base Slab 'W' = 3.9 m
Provide Projection 'X' = 2.3 m

STABILITY AGAINST OVERTURNING (a) Forces on Wall (With preliminary proportions)

Force due to Active Pressure Pa = 143 kN
Pa1 = 41 kN
Pa2 = 97 kN
Overturning Moment Mo = 302.2 kN-m (per m length of wall)
 Force (kN) Distance from Heel Moment (kN-m)
W1 = 228.2 1 = 228
W2 = 38.55 2.15 = 83
W3 = 5.4 1.90 = 10
W4 = 54.6 1.95 = 106
Wi = 327 Mw = 428

Distance of vertical force from Heel Xw = Mw/Wi = 1.308 m

Stabilising Moment at Toe Mr = Wi ( W-Xw) = 847 kN-m (per m length of wall)
(FS) overturning = 0.9 Mr/Mo = 2.5 Overturning Check Statisfied
Mo = 302.16 kN-m/m
SOIL PRESSURE AT FOOTING BASE 1.308
Resultant vertical reaction = R = Wi = 327 kN m
Distance from heel Lr = (Mw + Mo)/R = 2.232 m
Eccentricity e = Lr - W/2 = 0.510 m OK W = 327 kN/m
Pressure at Base
Pmax = 150 kN/m2 < than SBC hence ok
Pmin = 18 kN/m2 150 18
kN/m2 kN/m2
STABILITY AGAINST SLIDING 1.95 m
Sliding Force Pa = Pa1 +Pa2 = 139 kN R=W
Resisting Force F = R ( Ignoring passive pressure = 164 kN Xr = 2.235 m
on toe side) (b) Pressure distribution diagram
(FS)Sliding = 0.9F/Pa cos = 1.06
Shear Key Has to be Designed
0.3 m neglect 1.6 m
Size of Shear Key
Height = 300 mm
Breadth = 300 mm h1 1.7
Distance from Toe = 3500 mm h2 = 4.02 2 m
Pp = Cp x e x (h22-h12)/2 = 358 kN h1
Therefore, h2
(FS)Sliding = 3.39 Stabilty Check satisfied Pp 30deg 0.3 m

0.3 m

Toe 3.5 Heel

m
3.9 m
(c) Design of Shear Key
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB

The net pressures, acting upward, are obtained by reducing the uniformly distributed
self weight of the toe slab from the gross pressures at the base. 0.6
Self weight loading = 14 kN/m2 1.6 m 1.95
m m
Effective depth 'd' = 475 mm
Vu = 1.5 x (136+85)/2 x (1.6-0.475) = 186.1 kN/m 14 128.12
Mu = 1.5 x [(85x1.6x/2)+(136-85)x0.5x1.6x1.6x2/3] = 228.0 kN-m/m kN/m2 kN/m2

k = Mu/bd2 = 1.010 N/mm2

pt = 0.292 %
Ast = 1386 mm2/m 18
Dia of Bar = 16 201 mm 150 kN/m2
Spacing = 145 mm kN/m2
Provided spacing = 125 mm
Check for shear 99 80
Tv = 0.39 N/mm 2
kN/m 2
kN/m2
Tc = 0.416 N/mm2
Provide Nominal Shear Reinforcement 110
kN/m2
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH 136 85
Ld = ( x s) / (4 x Tbd) 136
kN/m2 48
= Dia of bar = 16 mm 85 kN/m2
s = 0.87 x fy = 361.05 kN/m2
Tbd = Design bond stress N/mm2 = 2.4
Therefore, Net soil pressures acting along base slab
Ld = 602 mm

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

The distributed loading acting downward on the heel slab is given by
1) Overburden + Surcharge @18 x(6.9 - 0.56) = 114.12 kN/m2
2) Heel slab @ 25 x 0.56 = 14 kN/m2
Vu = 1.5 x (110+48)/2 x 1.95 = 231.1 kN/m
Mu = 1.5 x [(48x1.95x1.95/2+(110-48)x0.5 x 1.95x1.95x2/3] 215.5 kN-m/m

k = Mu/bd2 = 0.955 N/mm2

pt = 0.275 %
Ast = 1307 mm2/m
Dia of Bar = 16 201 mm
Spacing = 154 mm
Provided Spacing = 125 mm
Check for shear
Tv = 0.49 N/mm2
Tc = 0.42 N/mm2
Provide Shear Reinforcement

Ld = 602 mm

DESIGN OF VERTICAL STEM

Height of cantilever above base 'h' = 5.14 m
Effective depth = 540 mm
Bending Moment Mu = 1.5[Ca x Ws x h2/2 + Ca x e x h3/6] = 346.4 kN-m/m
k = Mu/bd 2
= 1.19
pt = 0.346 %
Ast = 1867 mm2/m
Dia of Bar = 16 201 mm
Spacing = 108 mm
Provided Spacing = 100 mm
Check for shear at Base
Critical section is at d = 0.54 m above base i.e at Zs = 5.14 - 0.54m = 4.6 m below top edge
Shear force at critical section = 1.5 x[ Ca x Ws x Zs + Ca x s x Zs 2/2] = 144.9 kN/m
Tv = 0.268 N/mm2
Tc = 0.395 N/mm2
Provide Nominal Shear Reinforcement

TEMPERATURE AND SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT

Provide two-thirds of (Horizontal) bars near the front face remaining one-third near the rear face.
For the lowermost one-third height of the stem above base,
Ast = (0.0012 x 1000 x 600) x 2/3 = 480 mm2/m

Bar Dia = 10 mm
Spacing Required = 164 mm
Provided Spacing = 150 mm

Provide
10 dia @150C/C near front face and In the lowermost one-third height of the wall
10 dia @150C/C near rear face

10 dia @225C/C near front face and In the midlle one-third height of the wall
10 dia @225C/C near front face and

10 dia @300C/C near front face and In the top one-third height of the wall
10 dia @300C/C near front face and
SUMMARY 300 mm
300 mm

Fck = 30 N/mm2
Fy = 415 N/mm2
SBC of soil = 150 kN/m2
Depth of foundation = 2 m Y10 @ 300 mm C/C Y10 @ 300 mm C/C 1700
Thickness of Base Slab = 560 mm mm
Stem Thickness Bottom = 600 mm Y16 @ 200 mm C/C
Stem Thickness at Top = 300 mm

FS against overturning = 2.5 OK 3700 mm

Pmax = 150 OK
Pmin = 18 Y10 @ 225 mm C/C Y10 @ 225 mm C/C 1700
FS against sliding = 3.39 OK mm
Y16 @ 150 mm C/C

Y10 @ 150 mm C/C Y10 @ 150 mm C/C

Y12 @ 150 mm C/C Y16 @ 100 mm C/C

1440 mm Y16 @ 125 mm C/C

Y12 @ 125 mm C/C

560
mm

Y12 @ 125 mm C/C

Y16 @ 125 mm C/C 300 mm

3500 mm 300 mm

3900 mm
1) Legend

Values to be entered by user

Results shown by program

2) All advice or information from the program is intended for those who will evaluate the significance
and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application
No liability (including that for negligence shall be taken for its use and application.

3) Figures are indicative only

4) Reference: "Reinforced Concrete Design", by S Unnikrishnan Pillai Devdas Menon, Second Edition,2004, Tata McG
e significance

Second Edition,2004, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications,