Problems # 1

Assuming an idealized rock consisting of uniform spheres

a) Calculate the maximal porosity for the cubic packing

b) Calculate the porosity for cubic two grain sizes packing, how much is the
porosity reduction of this packing?
 Problems # 2

Two wells are located 2500 ft apart. The static well pressure at the top of
perforations (9332 ft subsea) in well A is 4365 psia and at the top of perforations
(9672 ft subsea) in well B is 4372 psia. The reservoir fluid gradient is 0.25 psi/ft,
reservoir permeability is 245 md, and reservoir fluid viscosity is 0.63 cP.

a. Correct the two static pressure to a datum level of 9100 ft subsea

b. In what direction is the fluid flowing between the wells?
c. What is the average effective pressure gradient between the wells?
d. What is the fluid velocity?
Problems # 3

1. Base on the interpreted results of SEM analysis identify the type of clays morphology
of reservoir rock

Sample # 1

Sample # 2
Sample # 3

Sample # 4
Sample # 5

Sample # 6
2. A 10 pound block of dry ice is placed in a 50 cu ft tank that contains air at atmospheric
pressure 14.7 psia and 75 oF. What will be the final pressure of the sealed tank when all the dry
ice has evaporated and cooled the gas to 45 oF?
Problems # 4
1. Develop a production rate profile for 1 year assuming that no boundary effects emerge (transient
flow). Do this in increments of 2 months for follow well parameter
pwf= 3500 psi
pi= 5500 psi
pb=2500 psi
k=12 md
h=60 ft
co=1.4 x 10-5 psi-1
cw=3 x 10-6 psi-1
cf=2.8 x 10-6 psi-1
ct= 1.29 x 10-5 psi-1
B=1.15 res bbl/STB
=1.7 cp
=0.2
Sw= 0.30
rw=0.328 ft

Assuming reservoir boundary at 3000 ft, estimate the time of transient infinite flow (to reach the pseudo
steady state)
2. Calculate the IPR curve for zero skin effect of the above well assuming steady state radial flow
(constant pe=5500 psi, re=3000 ft). Calculate the well productivity index
3. Calculate the IPR curve for zero skin effect of the above well assuming pseudo steady state radial
flow for average reservoir pressure in increments of 500 psi from initial 5500 to 3500 psi. Calculate
the well productivity index.
Problems # 5
Given gas well with following parameters:
T=180 oF
pi= 4500 psi
zi=0.945
i=0.0244 cp
rw=0.328 ft
re=3000 ft
k=12 md
h=60 ft
1. Calculate gas flow rate assuming steady state radial flow, zero skin effect , average =0.022 cp,
average z=0.93 and pwf=3500 psi
2. Calculate gas flow rate assuming pseudo steady state for increment 500 psi from initial 5500 to
3500 psi
3. Repeat exercise 1 and 2 taking in consideration pseudo skin effect, D=10 -3
Problems # 6

1. If the permeability impairment k/ks is 8, the damage penetration is 3 ft, and rw=0.328 ft, calculate the
well skin effect. What should the k/ks be for the same skin effect if the penetration of the damage are 1,
2 , and 4 ft respectively?
2. What is the ratio of pressure drop due to damage within the near-wellbore zone to the total pressure
drop for steady state radial flow, re=3000 ft, rw= 0.328 ft and S=1, 5, and 10 respectively
3.A drilling mud has a dynamic fluid loss coefficient of 10 in3/in2-hr . During 20 hr that the formation is
exposed to this drilling mud, the shear rate at the wall is 50 sec-1 and b is 5x10-7 cm3/cm2. What is the
depth of drilling filtrate invasion assuming that =0.19? What is the skin factor if the filtrate reduces the
peameability to 50% of the original value? The drainage radius is 660 ft and rw=0.328 ft
4. Repeat exercise 1 of problems # 4 for oil well skin effect S=1, 5, 10. Compare the results
5. Repeat exercise 2 of problems # 4 for oil well skin effect S=1, 5, 10. Compare the results
6. Repeat exercises of problems #5 for gas well skin effect S=1, 5, 10 and pseudo skin effect D=10-3.
Compare the results
Problems # 7
1. A well with wellbore radius of 0.328 ft and drainage radius of 750 ft has a perforation skin effect of 3.
In addition, a damage zone where the permeability is 10% of the original permeability extends 9 in. from
the wellbore. Calculate the productivity improvement that can be obtained by removing the damage,
and the skin effect before and after damage removal
2. Based on primary reaction, calculate the gravimetric and volumetric dissolving powers of 3 wt% HF
reacting with
a) orthoclase feldspar
b) kaolinite
c) montmorillonite
3. Calculate the specific reaction rate of 3 wt% HF with orthoclase feldspar at 120 oC
4. Determine which overall reaction rate is higher at 100 oF: the reaction between 3 wt% HF and illite
with a specific surface area of 4000 m2/kg or the reaction between 3 wt% HF and
Albite with a specific surface area of 20 m2/kg
5. A 3 wt% HF/12 wt% HCl treatment is injected without an HCl preflush into a sandstone reservoir
containing 10% CaCO3. If half of HF is consumed in reaction with CaCO3 to form CaF2, what will be the
net porosity change, considering that all CaCO3 is dissolved in the region contacted by acid. The density
of CaF2 is 2.5 g/cm3
6. A preflush 15 wt% HCl is injected ahead of HF/HC mixture to dissolve carbonate minerals and
establish a low-pH environment. The sandstone has a porosity of 0.2 containing 12% volume calcite
CaC03 is to be acidized. If the HCl preflush is to remove all carbonate to a distance of 1 ft from the
wellbore, what minimum preflush volume is required per foot of formation thickness? The well bore
radius is 0.328.
7. A 3 wt% HF/12 wt% HCl with solution density of 1.075 g/cc used to treat a sandstone reservoir at
50oC. The reservoir rock consists of 85% quartz, 10% Na-feldspare and 5% kaolinite. Calculate the
relative reaction rates of sandstone minerals. The specific surface area of the minerals are
approximately 20 m2/kg for the quartz and feldspare and 8000 m2/kg for the clay.
Problems # 8
1. Select the acid formulation or formulation to be used in the following formation:
a) k=200md, =0.2, 5% carbonate, 5% feldspar, 10% kaolinite, 80 % quartz
b) k=5md, =0.15, 10% carbonate, 5% feldspar, 5% kaolinite, 80% quartz
c) k=30md, =0.25,20% carbonate, 5% chlorite, 75% quartz
2. In a core flood , NAc,F=0.024 and NDa,S=0.6. How many pore volumes of acid must be injected for the
fast reacting front to break through at the end of core?
3. In a core flood in a 12 in-long core, the dimensionless acid concentration at the fast-reacting mineral
front is 0.7 when the front has moved 3 in. into the core. What is the dimensionless acid concentration
at the front when the front has progressed 6 in.? 9 in.?
4. In a core flood in a 6 in-long core, the fast-reacting mineral front breaks through at the end of the
core after 50 pore volumes have been injected. The dimensionless acid concentration after
breakthrough is 0.8. calculate the NAc,F and NDa,S
5. In a core flood of a 1 in-diameter by 6 in-long core, the acid flux is 0.04 ft/min. From this experiment,
it was found that NDa,S =0.9 and NAc,F = 0.02. For this formation and acid concentration and an injection
rate of 0.1 bpm/ft, calculate and plot the acid volume as a function of the distance from the wellbore.
Assume radial flow.
6. For a particular sandstone, after all carbonate have been dissolved, the permeability is 10 md and the
porosity is 0.15. The remaining minerals are 5 vol% clay, which reacts rapidly with HF. Calculate the
permeability of this sandstone after all clays have been removed .
7. For the data given below for a matrix acidizing treatment, construct a diagnostic plot. What do you
conclude about this treatment?

8. Calculate the HCL preflush volume needed to remove all carbonate to a distance of 6 in. from the
wellbore in radial flow. The acid is a 10 wt% solution with specific gravity of 1.05. The formation contains
7 vol% CaCO3 and has a porosity of 0.19. Repeat for a distance of 1 foot from wellbore.