1.2.3 Chapter 12.2 & 12.

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) summarized his study of

force and motion in several laws of motion.

Newtons first law of motion the state of motion of an

object does not change as long as the net force acting
on the object is zero
If an object is in motion, it will stay in motion (with
the same speed and direction) unless a net force
acts on it
If an object is at rest, it stays at rest unless a net
force acts on it
Sometimes called the law of inertia
Why we wear seat belts!
An objects inertia depends on its mass. The
greater the mass means the greater the inertia.
Example: Soccer ball sits still until you kick it.
Friction makes it slow down.

Inertia-tendency of an object to resist any change in its

motion
An object at rest tends to remain at rest
An object in motion tends to remain in motion with
the same direction and speed
the more mass an object has = the greater its
inertia
the greater the inertia = the greater the force
needed to change its velocity

Newtons Second Law of Motion the acceleration of

an object is equal to the net force acting on it divided
by the objects mass
 Acceleration is always in the direction of the force
Acceleration is determined by the size of the force
and the mass of the object
Larger force = greater acceleration
i.e. the harder you throw a ball, the more the ball
accelerates
Larger mass will require greater force to achieve
the same acceleration (i.e. softball vs. baseball)
Expressed in equation: Force = mass x
acceleration or Acceleration = Net force/Mass
Fg = mg same as F=ma just that a refers to
acceleration due to gravity which is 9.8 m/s/s
F = ma a = F/m m = F/a
Units: F = kg . m/s 2
1N = 1 kg . m/s2
m = kg a = m/s2

Falling objects-
Because of gravitational attraction, an object near
Earths surface falls with an acceleration of about
9.8 m/s2 in a vacuum (regardless of mass).
However, the observed acceleration of an object is
usually less because of the effects of air resistance.

Newtons Third Law of Motion Whenever one object

exerts a force on a second object, the second object
exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object
Also called action-reaction law
i.e. bumper cars, balloon on a string, pressing
your hand against a wall
The two forces are equal in size and opposite in
direction (do not produce a net force of zero
because they act on different objects)
Not all action-reaction forces produce motion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9wQVIEdKh8

Samples:
1. Inertia is the tendency of an object to continue its
current state of motion. Which of the following best
describes the relationship b/w inertia and mass?
A. a greater mass means that something is easier to slow
down or speed up.
B. The amount of inertia something has is equal to its
mass.
C. The greater the mass of an object, the greater the
inertia it has.
D. The greater the mass of an object, the less inertia it
has.

2. Newtons first law of motion describes the tendency

of objects in motion to continue in motion and the
objects at rest to remain at rest. What term is used to
describe this behavior?
A. velocity b. acceleration c. displacement d.
inertia
3. What concept is being
illustrated in the image to the left?
A. W=PxT b. inertia
c. F=ma d. velocity

4. A passenger in a car that

suddenly stops will
a. lean forward b. lean backward
c. lean to the right d. feel no motion.

5. Identify the force needed to accelerate a car from

0m/s to 30m/s in 10s if the mass of the car is 2000kg.
A. 6.7N b. 667N c. 6,000N d. 600,000N

6. Dennis was riding his bike down a hill and he ran

straight into a mailbox. Identify the statement that
most closely describes Dennis motion immediately
following his crash.
A. He flies over the handlebars. B. He falls off the
back of his bike.
C. He falls sideways off his bike. D. He flies upward
into the air.

7. How much force is required to give an object with a

mass of 20kg an acceleration of 12 m/s2 ?

8. Jamond is sitting on a raft with a

basketball next to his feet. He rows his
raft across the river. If he hits the dock
head-on to stop, what will happen to the
ball?
A. It will roll backwards.
B. It will roll forward toward the front of the raft.
C. It will roll sideways.
D. It will stop along with the raft.

9. The weight of an object is less on the moon b/c

A. objects on the moon experience a greater
acceleration due to gravity.
B. objects on the moon experience a lesser
acceleration due to gravity
C. there are fewer frictional forces on the moon.
D. there are more frictional forces on the moon.

10. J.R. hits a baseball w/ an acceleration of 40 m/s2 .

The mass of the baseball is 0.5kg. What is the force of
the swing?

11. Caitlin hits a golf ball that has a mass of 0.45kg.

The acceleration of the ball is 41 m/s2 . What is the
force of Caitlins swing?

12. What is the acceleration of a 500kg crate when it

hits a wall w/ a force of 1000N?

13. 4 racing cars are equipped with equally powerful

engines. Which one of the racing cars described below
will accelerate the faster as their engines provide the
same net force?
A. 1000kg car B. 900kg car C. 800kg car
D. 700kg car

14. An acorn fell from the tree to the ground. The

force of gravity creates a constant acceleration of 9.8
m/s2 . What was the acorns final velocity if it fell for 3
seconds? A. 29.4m/s B. 9.8m/s C. 19.6m/s D.
96.0m/s

15. If the force acting on an object equals 150N and

the mass of the object is 0.04kg, what is its
acceleration?
A. 190 m/s2 B. 110 m/s2 C. 45 m/s2 D. 3,750
m/s2
16. If a 9N force is applied to an object and its
acceleration is 3.3m/s/s, what is the mass of the
object?
A. 0.35kg B. 2.7kg C. 5.7kg D. 12.3kg

17. If a 5N force acting on an object is 750N and the

object is accelerating at 5 m/s2 , what is the mass of
the object?
A. 745kg B. 150kg C. 8kg D. 1.5kg

18. A net force of 18N causes a rolling cart to

accelerate at a rate of 4.5 m/s2 . What is the mass of
the cart?
A. 4kg B. 6.3kg C. 8.1kg D. 13.5kg

19. Using the graphic below, how many Newtons?

20. When I am standing in front of the class, the force

of gravity is pulling me towards the ground. The
ground is pushing back with an equal and opposite
force. This is an example of
A Newtons 1st law. B. Newtons 2nd law
C. Newtons 3rd law D. the law of gravitation.
21. When an ice skater pushes the skate blade back
against the ice, the skater glides forward. This is
explained by which one of the following:
A. the law of inertia
B. a body in motion tending to stay in motion
C. every action having an equal & opposite reaction

D. negative acceleration being = to positive

acceleration.
22. Which statement most correctly
describes the diagram to the left?
A. Acceleration is proportional to
the net force on an object.
B. For every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
C. Acceleration is inversely
proportional to the mass of an
object.
D. Momentum is
proportional to the
mass of an object.

23. A box weighing 40N rests on the floor. What is the

net force on the box? A 0N B. 1N C. 40N D.
80N

24. A book resting on the table exerts a 10N force.

What force does the table exert on the book?