Ticket 1

1. Similarities and differences between CPs and DPs. Derive I know that you are right.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
After paying her the money, I never saw her and I wondered that the common chances of the day
shouldnt have helped us to meet. It could only be evident that she was immensely on her guard
against them and, in addition to this, the house was so big that we were lost in it.
3. Give examples of gerundial constructions. Discuss their syntax.

Ticket 2
1. Syntactic characteristics of That-Clauses. Represent It surprised me that you left
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
It was necessary to Pauls soreness to believe for the hour in the intensity of his grievance. It was
doubtless that he descended the stairs without taking leave of Miss Fancourt, who hadnt been in view
at the moment he quitted the room. He walked a long time, going astray, paying no attention.
3. Give examples of participial constructions. Discuss their syntax.

Ticket 3
1. The Classification of subordinate clauses. Represent I regret it that he couldnt make it.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
It was impossible to regard her as a perfectly well-conducted young lady; she was wanting in a certain
indispensable delicacy. It would therefore simplify matters greatly to be able to treat her as the object
of one of those sentiments which are called by romancers lawless passions. But Daisy, on this
occasion, continued to present herself as an inscrutable combination of audacity and innocence.
3. Obligatory control. Define and illustrate it.

Ticket 4
1. Types of negative sentences. Represent He has not done it.
2. Analyze the following text syntactically:
He flattered himself on the following day that there was no smiling among the servants when he, at
least, asked for Mrs. Miller at her hotel. She was one of those American ladies who, while residing
abroad, make a point, in their own phrase, of studying European society; and she had on this occasion
collected several specimens of her diversely born fellow-mortals to serve as text book. Her daughter,
on the other hand, was not a young lady to wait to be spoken to.
3. Give examples of raising infinitives.

Ticket 5
1. The Extraposition structure. Structural motivation for its existence. Represent It annoys me that he
is right.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
When Daisy came to take leave of Mrs. Walker, this lady repaired the weakness of which she had been
guilty at the moment of the young girls arrival. She turned her back straight upon Mrs. Miller and left
her to depart with grace. Daisy turned very pale but Mrs. Miller appeared to have felt an impulse to
draw attention to her own observance of them.
3. Give examples of gerunds with the function of Prepositional Objects
Ticket 6
1. The Extraposition structure. Functional motivation for its existence. Represent It amazed me that
she passed the test.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
Advising with me, often, she was sometimes more conservative even than I, and I more than once
smiled at her archaeological zeal, declaring that I believe she had married the Count because he was
like a statue of the Decadence. I had a constant invitation to spend my days at the Villa; so I finally
grew to have a painters passion for the place.
3. The syntax of control constructions.

Ticket 7
1. Types of negative sentences. Represent Tom couldnt do it.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
The Count certainly chose to make a mystery of the Juno, but this seemed a natural incident. I was
willing to wait for permission to approach her, and in the meantime I was glad to find that there was a
limit to his constitutional apathy. But as the days elapsed I began to be conscious that his enjoyment
was not communicative, but strangely cold and shy and somber. That he should admire a marble
goddess was no reason for his despising mankind.
3. The syntax of raising constructions

Ticket 8
1. Differences between it-subjects and it-objects in extraposition structures. Represent I regretted it
that he left so early.
2. Analyse the following texts syntactically:
Though I was sure that Jeffrey Aspern was assumed to have never been in the house, some note of his
poetic voice seemed to abide thereby some roundabout implication; b) My eagerness to find the poets
letters amused Mrs. Prest and I was certain that she judged my interest to be a fine case of monomania.
3. The syntax of participial constructions.

Ticket 9
1. The syntactic structure of THAT-complements. Represent Tom thinks that Mary left.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
H. wondered what they were talking about, and perceived that it must be something important, for the
stranger was not a man who would take an interest in anything else. H. was immensely struck with
him, could see he was remarkable, and felt slightly aggrieved that he should be a stranger.
3. The syntax of gerundial constructions.

Ticket 10
1. Explain the asymmetry between Subject and Object Extraposition in English. Relate it to other
focus-related rules. Derive I regret it that he couldnt come.
2. When she got home from the factory that night she decided to take the book of the shareholders and
to carry it off to her own room, without saying anything to Hunter about her plan. While studying the
book, it seemed to her that there were two people whom she might approach; these were Mrs
Carrington, who had been a prominent methodist, and Mrs Wingfield, who might have turned out to
be a bit crazy but was nevertheless known to be generous.
3. The distribution of the Accusative + Infinitive construction.
Ticket 11
1. Discuss the functional structure of control constructions. Derive I tried to study.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
It might surely happen that Mrs Wingfield was too crazy, but it was even more likely to turn out that
Mrs Carrington was too sane. Rosa could also remember having met both ladies some thirty years ago
and having felt a marked preference for Mrs Wingfield. It was her name which she now looked up in
the telephone directory, to discover to her surprise that Mrs Wingfield lived nearby. Rosa took this to
be a sign of good omen.
3. Give examples of different syntactic functions of that-complements.

Ticket 12
1. Discuss the functional structure of raising constructions. Derive He seems to be smart.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
It was necessary to Pauls soreness to believe for the hour in the intensity of his grievance. It was
doubtless that he descended the stairs without taking leave of Miss Fancourt, who hadnt been in view
at the moment he quitted the room. He walked a long time, going astray, paying no attention.
3. Give examples of topicalization and clause shift and relate them to the phenomenon of
extraposition.

Ticket 13

1. The Classification of Infinitive Clauses. Derive I arranged for him to leave the country.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
He had a pleasant sense that she would be very approachable for consolatory purposes. He felt then,
for the instant, quite ready to sacrifice his aunt, conversationally; to admit that she was a proud, rude
woman, and to declare that they neednt mind her. But before he had time to commit himself to this
mixture of gallantry and impiety, the young lady gave an exclamation.
3. Give examples of negative quantifiers in sentences

Ticket 14
1. The classification of gerundial complements. Derive I depend on him doing the job.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically; comment on the underlined phrases:
It was impossible to regard her as a perfectly well-conducted young lady; she was wanting in a certain
indispensable delicacy. It would therefore simplify matters greatly to be able to treat her as the object
of one of those sentiments which are called by romancers lawless passions. But Daisy, on this
occasion, continued to present herself as an inscrutable combination of audacity and innocence.
3. Types of negative sentences

Ticket 15
1. The syntax of participial complements. Derive Mary saw him stealing the flowers.
2. Analyze the following text syntactically:
He flattered himself on the following day that there was no smiling among the servants when he, at
least, asked for Mrs. Miller at her hotel. She was one of those American ladies who, while residing
abroad, make a point, in their own phrase, of studying European society; and she had on this occasion
collected several specimens of her diversely born fellow-mortals to serve as text book. Her daughter,
on the other hand, was not a young lady to wait to be spoken to.
3. Negativity tests.
Ticket 16
1. The syntax of the PRO-TO construction. Derive I want to pass.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
When Daisy came to take leave of Mrs. Walker, this lady repaired the weakness of which she had been
guilty at the moment of the young girls arrival. She turned her back straight upon Mrs. Miller and left
her to depart with grace. Daisy turned very pale but Mrs. Miller appeared to have felt an impulse to
draw attention to her own observance of them.
3. The subjunctive in that-complements.

Ticket 17
1. The syntax of FOR-TO infinitives. Derive I arranged for him to leave.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
Advising with me, often, she was sometimes more conservative even than I, and I more than once
smiled at her archaeological zeal, declaring that I believe she had married the Count because he was
like a statue of the Decadence. I had a constant invitation to spend my days at the Villa; so I finally
grew to have a painters passion for the place.
3. The Sequence of Tenses in That-complements.

Ticket 18
1. Comments on it in Subject Extraposition structures. Derive It amazes me that they passed the exam.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
The Count certainly chose to make a mystery of the Juno, but this seemed a natural incident. I was
willing to wait for permission to approach her, and in the meantime I was glad to find that there was a
limit to his constitutional apathy. But as the days elapsed I began to be conscious that his enjoyment
was not communicative, but strangely cold and shy and somber. That he should admire a marble
goddess was no reason for his despising mankind.
3. Give examples of absolute participial constructions; why is the participle, generally, subjectless?

Ticket 19
1. Polarity items. Derive I dont like syntax at all.
2. Analyse the following texts syntactically:
a) Though I was sure that Jeffrey Aspern was assumed to have never been in the house, some note of
his poetic voice seemed to abide thereby some roundabout implication; b) My eagerness to find the
poets letters amused Mrs. Prest and I was certain that she judged my interest to be a fine case of
monomania.
3. The classification of infinitive complements.

Ticket 20
1. The Case Resistance Principle. Discuss and illustrate. Derive I am afraid that he cant make it.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
H. wondered what they were talking about, and perceived that it must be something important, for the
stranger was not a man who would take an interest in anything else. H. was immensely struck with
him, could see he was remarkable, and felt slightly aggrieved that he should be a stranger.
3. Give examples of Nom+Part constructions. Derive one sentence.
Ticket 21
1. Types of control. Derive Mary knew that it damaged John to do it.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
The close logic of this speech and the quaint self-possession with which the little bedridden speaker
delivered it struck H. as amazing and confirmed his idea that the brother and sister were a most
extraordinary pair. It had a terrible effect on poor Lady Aurora, while Paul, not seeing that she had
been sufficiently snubbed by his sister, inflicted a fresh humiliation in saying: Rosys right, its no use
trying to buy yourself off.
3. Comment on the following paradigm:
I learned that John sold the house / *I learned about that John sold the house

Ticket 22
1. Extraposition from Object position. Derive I regret it that he is not here.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
She got up quickly when Paul had ceased speaking; the movement suggested she had taken offence
and he would have liked to show her he thought she had been rather roughly used. But she gave him
no chance, not glancing at him for a moment. Then he saw he was mistaken and that if she had flushed
considerably it was only with the excitement of pleasure.
3. Give examples of participial constructions; discuss case-assignment to the subject.

Ticket 23
1. Can we include the phenomenon of that-deletion into a wider class of phenomena? Discuss. Derive
He said that he would leave her.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
It may easily be believed that he criticized his inclination even while he gave himself up to it, and that
he often wondered he should find so much to attract in a girl. When he himself was not letting his
imagination wander among the haunts of the aristocracy, he was absorbed in the struggles of millions
whose life flowed in the same current as his and who had the power to chain his sympathy.
3. Give examples of participles and gerunds functioning as attributes.

Ticket 24
1. The syntax of participial clauses. Derive I saw him doing his homework.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
a) And then I ventured to add that, if they were poor, it was all the more reason for them to let me rent
their rooms. I was confident they must have had a second kitchen, where my servant, who is a handy
fellow, could cook my meals; b) But such criticisms had never been formulated yet and she had not
troubled to ask herself whether they were just or the expression of her being envious of a younger
woman.
3. Factors favouring that-deletion.
Ticket 25
1. Similarities and differences between gerunds and participles. Discuss and illustrate. Derive He was
found sleeping.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
His having the courage to disinter from The Times in the reading-room of the British Museum a report
of his mothers trial for the murder of Lord Purvis, which was very copious; his resolution in going
through every syllable of the ghastly record had been an achievement of comparatively recent years.
There were certain things Pinnie knew that appalled him; and there were others he found she was
honestly ignorant of.
3. The Double-access reading (SOT).

Ticket 26
1. Differences between not and nt. Derive He hasnt done it.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
a) The old woman spoke no English, and how much she was aware of where she was and what was
going on around her Rosa was unable to decide; b) when, afterwards I found myself at the side of the
great man for half an hour, the result of him being so affable was a still livelier desire that he should
find out about the justice I done him in my review.
3. Define and illustrate obligatory and non-obligatory control.

Ticket 27
1. Do-Support. Comment on the syntactic contexts for Do-Support. Derive I did not fail the exam.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
There was not a country in the world he appeared not to have ransacked, and to H. his trophies
represented a wonderfully long purse. The whole establishment, from the low-voiced inexpressive
valet who, after he had poured brandy into tall tumblers, solemnized the popping of soda-water corks,
to the quaint little silver receptacle in which he was invited to deposit the ashes of his cigar, was such
a revelation for our appreciative youth that he felt himself depressed.
3. Discuss the difference between: Tom saw Mary cross the street / Tom saw Mary crossing the street.

Ticket 28
1. Explain in what way Extraposition is a focus-related rule. Derive It surprised me that they liked
syntax.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
a) what Nina needed was a confident and an accomplice who would be able to advise her, and it had
for a long time been clear that Rosa Keep was the only one she could trust in such a capacity; b) it had
been essential for me to take Mrs. Prest into my confidence, for it was she who found the short cut and
loosed the Gordian knot.
3. Give examples of PRO-gerunds functioning as subjects.

Ticket 29
1. Similarities and differences between DPs and CPs. Derive The students regret that the exam is
today.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
H. didnt mind, with the poor, going into questions of their state it even gave him at times a strange
savage satisfaction; but he saw that in discussing them with the rich the interest must inevitably be
less: the rich couldnt consider poverty in the light of experience. It came over H. that if he found this
deficient perspective in Lady Auroras deep conscientiousness it would be a queer enough business.
3. Give examples of PRO- participles functioning as adverbials of time.
Ticket 30
1. Varieties of control. Derive I want to leave right now.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
One evening in November he had after discharging himself of a considerable indebtedness to Pinnie
still a sovereign in his pocket a sovereign that seemed to spin there under the equal breath of a dozen
different uses. He had come out for a walk with a vague intention of pushing as far as Audley Court;
and lurking within this nebulous design was a sense of how nice it would be to take something to
Rose.
3. Discuss the following: Growing a beard was illegal / *It was illegal growing a beard.

Ticket 31
1. Explain why gerunds are DPs. Derive Mary reading the book upset me.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
Simply make the ladies take you in on the footing of a lodger. And she offered to show me their
house and row me there in her gondola. I let her know that I had already been to look at it half a dozen
times, and that it had charmed me to hover about the place.
3. Discuss the following: He failed entirely to comprehend it / He failed to entirely comprehend it.

Ticket 32
1. The categorial status of infinitive complements. Derive I would like to come to your party.
2. Analyse the following text syntactically:
The architects being so devoted to the image of a house which he had created and believed in made
him nervous of being stopped or forced to accept change; b) My eagerness to find the poets letters
amused Mrs. Prest and I was certain that she judged my interest to be a fine case of monomania.
3. Discuss the following: The shooting of the attacker was an ugly episode/ Shooting the attacker was
an ugly episode.