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6. Design a pneumatic valve circuit to give the sequence A+, followed by B+ and then
simultaneously followed by A- and B- .
7. A force of 400N is required to open a process control valve. What area of diaphragm will
be needed with a diaphragm actuator to open the valve with a control gauge pressure of
70kPa ?
8. A pneumatic system is operated at a pressure of 1000kPa. What diameter cylinder will be
required to move a load requiring a force of 12Kn?
9. A hydraulic cylinder is to be used to move a work piece in a manufacturing operation
through a distance of 50mm in 10s. a force of 1OKN is required to move the work piece .
determine the required working pressure and hydraulic liquid flow rate if a cylinder with
a piston diameter of 100 mm is available .
10. An actuator has a stem movement which at full travel is 40mm. it is mounted with a
linear plug process control valve which has a minimum flow rate of 0 and a maximum
flow rate of 20m3 /s. what will be the flow rate, when the stem movement is, a-10mm, b-
20mm
11. An actuator has a stem movement which at full travel is 40mm.it is mounted on a process
control valve with a equal percentage plug and which has a minimum low rate of 0.2
m3/s. and a maximum flow rate of 4 m3/s.what will be the flow rate when the stem
movement is, a-10mm b-20mm
12. What is the process control valve size for a valve a valve that is required to control the
flow of water when the maximum flow required is 0.002 m3/s. and the permissible
pressure drop across the valve at this flow rate is100 kPa? The density of the water
is1000kg/m3.
DIGITAL LOGIC
1. Explain what is meant by sequential control and illustrate your answer by
an example.
2. Explain what logic gates might be used to control the following situations:
(a) The issue of tickets at an automatic ticket machine at a railway
station
(b) A safety lock system for the operation of a machine tool
(c) A boiler shut down switch when the temperature reaches, say, 60
and the circulating pump is off.
(d) A signal to start a lift moving when the lift door is closed and a button
has been pressed to select the floor.
3. For the time signals as shown A and B in below
figure, which will be the output signal if A and B
are inputs to
(a) an AND gate
(b) an OR gate
7. Below figure shows the timing diagram for the S and R inputs for an SR flip-
flop. Complete the diagram by adding Q output.
1. What are the logic functions used for switches (a) in series, (b) in parallel?
2. Draw the ladder rungs to represent:
(a) Two switches are normally open and both have to be closed for a motor to operate.
actuator.
push-button start switch, and the motor remains on until another spring-return push-button stop
switch is pressed.
3. Write the program instructions corresponding to the latch program shown in Figure.
4. The production process may only be performed when the operator activates two spring activated
safety switches. The switches have to be depressed and held closed together by the operator using
both hands. (a) What is the truth table? (b) What is the Boolean logic expression? (c) What is the
logic network diagram (in ISO symbol terminology)? (d) What is the ladder logic diagram? Assume X1
and X2 are the first and second switches and Y is the output
5. Devise a timing circuit that will switch on an output for 1s then off for 20s, then on for 1s, then off
6. Devise a timing circuit that will switch on an output for 10s then switch it off.
7. Devise a circuit that can be used to start a motor and then after a delay of 100s start a pump. When
the motor is switched off there should be a delay of 10s before the pump is switched off.
Micro-Processors
1. Explain, for a microprocessor, the roles of :
(a) accumulator, (b) status (c) memory address, (d) program counter registers.
3. Draw a block diagram of a basic microcontroller and explain the each subsystem.
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