Atoll 3.2.1 Crosswave

CrossWave Propagation Model
Version 4.3.0
Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 1

Training Programme
1. CrossWave Overview
2. Installing CrossWave
3. Configuring CrossWave
4. About Micro-cell Propagation Modelling
5. Using the Point Analysis Tool
6. CrossWave Model Calibration
7. Analysing CrossWave Performance
8. CrossWave Model Key Points

CrossWave Overview (1/3)
CrossWave is the Atoll version of the Orange Labs propagation model

Developed by Orange Labs
Distributed and supported by Forsk as an option to Atoll
High performance universal propagation model

All wireless technologies supported from 200 MHz to 5 GHz
GSM, UMTS, CDMA, LTE, WiFi, WiMAX...
Any kind of cell type
Macro-cell, micro-cell, pico-cell...
All propagation situations and environments
Urban or rural areas , mountainous, hilly or flat areas...
Proven and field-tested

Statistically pre-calibrated using measurements from different countries and environment types
Possibility to tune the model using CW measurements

CrossWave provides realistic modelling by combining the 3 following propagation phenomena:

Vertical and horizontal diffraction
Horizontal guided propagation (canyon effect)
Reflection on mountains

CrossWave supports the same type of geo data files as the other propagation models in Atoll
Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
Clutter classes
Clutter heights (DHM)
Additionally, it also supports specific geo data maps for more accurate calculations (optional)
3D building vectors (.tab format)
Line vectors (.tab format) for railway track predictions
Morphologies, facets and graphs (CrossWave-specific data)
Crosswave will pre process the Geo data to use in the propagation model

Training Programme

CrossWave installation
The model is an independent software with its own installation setup
Setup_CrossWaveXXX.rYYYY.exe enables you to install the XXX version of the CrossWave model (build YYYY)
on the Atoll platform
The recommended installation folder is: C:\Program Files\CrossWave
Each new version is backward compatible with previous versions
CrossWave uses a software-based security system, which requires a valid license. Two types are available:
Stand-alone license (based on the MAC address of the computer)
Floating license (using a license server)
After installation
The CrossWave propagation model is directly available in Atoll
Some specific advanced settings can be configured in the CrossWave.ini

configuration file (available in the installation folder)

Training Programme

Starting with CrossWave
Geo Tab Settings
Calculation Tab Settings
Propagation Tab Settings
Advanced Tab Settings

Starting with CrossWave (1/2)
CrossWave integrates seamlessly into Atoll alongside other propagation models
CrossWave settings can be accessed from the Parameters explorer

Recommendation: duplicate the default Atoll CrossWave Model and rename it
To access the
CrossWave settings
CrossWave version (to be specified for any demand to

the Forsk support team)

Starting with CrossWave (2/2)
CrossWave settings
Four different tabs are defined:
Geo
To specify the geo data to be used by the
model
Calculation
To define options affecting the path loss
matrices calculation
Propagation
To set specific propagation parameters
(indoor, horizontal propagation, environment
effects...)
Advanced
For railway calculation mode and the
antenna relocation settings

Geo Tab Settings (1/15)
Inputs definition (1/2)

This source is mandatory
Clutter classes
Clutter heights
Clutter heights data specified in
the project
Not used by CrossWave in areas
where 3D building vectors are
available
3D building vectors
Optional but highly recommended
in urban areas
There is no need to import this
type of data into the Atoll
platform
The import can be done via the
CrossWave settings

Inputs definition (2/2)

Clutter classes
Each clutter class has to be
mapped to a certain type
(water, forest, building, or
other) for specific optimisation
(maritime, forest)
If there is no data available for a
class, specify the type as
undefined
Selecting Building type allows
you to specify outdoor to indoor
propagation losses
The average height of each clutter
class is taken from the Atoll clutter
classes properties
Clutter heights
3D building vectors

Building clutter type configuration

(optional)
In the Undefined configuration,
CrossWave will use a pre calibrated
method to calculate losses.
For a manual configuration, the two
following columns should be filled:
Outside->Inside (dB): additional
loss to receivers located inside the
building as the signal passes
through the building walls.
Inside->Inside (dB/m): additional
path loss as the signal propagates
inside the building

How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (1/3)

3D building vector files must be in the MapInfo .TAB format
Valid 3D Building vectors files contain at least two columns:

Polygon_Type: valid values in this column include Buildings, Forest, Water, or Bridge
AMSL or AGL: define buildings heights (Above Mean Sea Level or Above Ground Level)
By default, values are in meters
To use values in feet, the column names must be AMSL_FEET or AGL_FEET
In addition, the following optional column can be used to improve specific diffraction modelling close to
bridges:
Bridge_Thickness: contains the thickness of the bridge deck (in meters) from the top of the bridge polygon.
If the value is 0, the bridge is not considered as an obstacle
If there is no value, or if the value exceeds the bridge polygon height, the bridge polygon is considered
as a solid building

How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (2/3) Error when adding
the 3D building
vector file !
Document -> Properties -> Coordinates

Get the Atoll
Coordinate System
code
Update the Atoll.ini file

How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (3/3)
Go back to the
CrossWave settings
Select once again the
vector file to be added
The 3D building vector

file is now available

CrossWaves accuracy depends on the available geo data
Minimum requirements Standard configuration Advanced configuration Optimum configuration
DTM
Clutter classes
Building raster
(clutter heights)
3D building vectors
CrossWave model accuracy
From imported geo data, you can generate CrossWave-specific geo data
Morphologies
Graphs
Facets

CrossWave-specific geo data (1/3)

Morphologies
Representation of the ground specific to the CrossWave model
Generated from DTM and clutter classes
Used by the model to determine in which geographical context the prediction is performed (special
optimisation coefficients are applied depending on context)
Highly recommended: improve model speed calculation and accuracy
Morphologies creation from clutter classes and DTM
FOREST-RELIEF
OPEN_FLAT
FOREST-FLAT
URBAN_FLAT
SUBURBAN_FLAT
Clutter classes imported from the Atoll platform


Facets
Allow to model reflection phenomena on mountains in a macro-cellular context
Generated from DTM
Facet calculation is only relevant if the project area terrain is hilly enough to generate reflections
If the terrain is not hilly enough, the model considers that reflection is not significant ant the facets
generator displays a warning message
Limitations:
The transmitter and the receiver must not
be in visibility (no line of sight)
Facets are not available in urban
environment when 3D building vectors are
used


Graphs
Allow to model guided propagation (canyon effect) in urban environments (micro-cellular context)
Generated from 3D building vectors

Generating morphologies (1/2)

Each clutter class has to be mapped to one of the default CrossWave-specific clutter classes
Open, Forest, Suburban, Urban, Dense Urban
A pre-processing is then required to generate morphologies

This has to be done only once
Define the file to be

generated and its location
Start generating
the morphologies

Generating morphologies (2/2)

10 different morphologies can be generated according to the available DTM and clutter classes maps
Definition of the different morphologies

Dense urban: high density collective or individual construction, areas with dense development (city centres,
groups of skycrapers, or high towers)
Urban: average density collective or individual construction, areas with medium development (groups of
medium towers, areas including buildings with large footprints, or dense industrial areas)
Suburban: low density collective or individual construction (residential estates, villages, or medium industrial
areas)
Forest: high vegetation and forested land with a closed tree canopy
Open: areas with little or no habitation or vegetation (agricultural fields, parks, water areas, motorways)

Generating facets

Start generating
the facets
RESULTS
Case 2: file generated
Case 1: file not generated (flat area)

Generating graphs
Start generating
the graphs
RESULT: .TAB file that enables CrossWave to model the canyon effect

Low resolution mode

Reduces processing time at the
expense of result detail
Default clutter height

If no surface information data
sources are available in your project
(3D building vectors, clutter classes,
clutter heights), specify an average
surface height

Calculation Tab Settings (1/3)
Profiles Profiles extraction:

- If radial mode is NOT selected:
CrossWave extracts a profile for each bin of the matrix (increases

computation time!)
- If radial mode is selected (recommended), then:
CrossWave associates a profile with several points (depending on

the resolution)
To achieve that, CrossWave selects the closest profile by

orthogonal projection
Ex: In a square calculation zone of n pixels long:
dA
dB
The radial mode is the only parameter

recommended to use in this tab
4n-4 profiles in radial-mode
n profiles extracted, otherwise

Dual resolution mode (not recommended)
Dual resolution mode allows you to reduce processing time by

using a lower resolution matrix beyond a specified distance from
the transmitter.
This setting can be used to simulate an extended matrix if the

transmitter is only configured in Atoll with a main matrix.
When working with CrossWave dual resolution mode:
The Distance threshold represents the distance from which the

model changes the path loss matrix resolution, using one of these
two methods:
- If the Use 2 * automatic resolution option is selected,

CrossWave doubles the resolution specified in the
transmitters properties.
- Otherwise, CrossWave uses the user-defined secondary

resolution.

Antenna backward calculation (not recommended)
Feature to reduce the calculation area behind the antenna

(increases processing speed):
Calculated pixels
Non calculated pixels
Boundary of the zone to be

calculated
Azimuth
Azimuthally distance
Recoil distance (user
defined value)
Note: Recoil distance limited to 30% of the distance along the

azimuth.

Propagation Tab Settings (1/5)
3D building propagation
Options available only if the calculation area contains 3D building vector information
To assume the receiver is

Additional extraction distance placed on the bridge (if not
behind the receiver to take selected, the model considers
into account potential than the receiver is under the
reflections due to buildings bridge, at ground level)
beyond the receiver
(in meters, 0 by default, the
value must be contained in the
interval [0-300])
To specify the distance beyond

which the graphs component is
no longer used
(in meters, 1500 by default, the
value must be contained in the
interval [0-2000])

Parameters
Select Calculate on water to include areas over

water in the propagation results. If not selected, no
calculation is performed for water areas
To take into account horizontal diffraction instead of

vertical diffraction when the signal is mainly
diffracted on the side of the obstacle
If the receiver is assumed to be on top of building,

there wont be any building penetration loss

Parameters
Use clutter types (with clutter heights): If clutter

classes and clutter heights are selected in the Geo tab,
this option specifies whether the clutter height data
models buildings or vegetation in association with the
clutter type assignments
Specify an Additional loss (in dB) if a correction has to

be added to the total loss of the model (i.e. offset)
Environment effects
Forest optimisation: to calculate path loss attenuation

through vegetation instead of considering it as an
obstacle that causes diffraction. This option provides
improved propagation results.
Maritime optimisation: provides a specific optimisation

in case of propagation over water surfaces.

Indoor propagation settings (1/2)
To activate the building penetration

feature (if the option is not ticked,
CrossWave only calculates outdoor
pixels):
Select Model-defined losses to use

default penetration values (which
take into account incidence angles
and frequency band)
Select User-defined losses to use

your own values for building
penetration loss
If the project contains 3D building

vector files with penetration values,
you can select Losses from 3D
building vectors
Select Losses from clutter classes

settings to use the penetration loss
values that are defined in the
CrossWave Clutter Settings dialogue
box

Indoor propagation settings (2/2)

CrossWave can calculate outdoor coverage for transmitters
that are located inside buildings.
Inside -> Outside: specifies the additional loss (in dB) to

receivers located outside the building as the signal passes
through the building walls
Inside -> inside: specifies the additional loss (in dB/m) as the
signal propagates inside the building
Another option is to define the losses in the 3D vector file. In

this configuration, Losses from 3D building vectors should be
enabled.

Penetration Loss With 3D Vector Data (Optional) (1/2)
Penetration losses can be manually defined in the 3D Vector file by adding new columns
Outdoor to Indoor coverage:
Activate calculation and Losses from 3D building vectors should be enabled
Additional columns are required in the vector file
Out_In_<low>_<high>_Mhz: Outside to Inside additional loss from frequency low to frequency high
In_In_<low>_<high>_Mhz: Inside to Inside additional loss from frequency low to frequency high
If no specific frequency range is needed, the fields Outside_Inside and Inside_Inside can be used instead
Indoor to Outdoor coverage

Losses from 3D building vectors should be enabled
Additional columns are required in the vector file
Dep_In_Out_<low>_<high>_Mhz: Inside to Outside additional loss from frequency low to frequency high
Dep_In_In_< <low>_<high>_Mhz: Inside to Inside additional loss from frequency low to frequency high
If no specific frequency range is needed, the fields Dep_Outside_Inside and Dep_Inside_Inside can be used
Multiple frequency ranges can be considered by adding the fields with different frequency range.

Penetration Loss With 3D Vector Data (Optional) (2/2)
Outdoor to Indoor example
Mandatory configuration to consider outdoor to indoor losses from 3D

vector file
Additional columns to cover two frequency ranges from 800 to 1000

MHz and from 1800 to 2200 MHz
Mandatory configuration to
consider indoor to outdoor
losses from 3D vector file

Advanced Tab Settings (1/2)
To audit antenna location and work with railways coverage
To audit antennas location

If the option is ticked, CrossWave will:
1. Check all in-building transmitters
2. Calculate a new (Dx;Dy) or height for each inside antenna
3. Generate a text file named AntennaCorrection.txt in the result
directory
Roof
distance Facade distance
Note: When using this option, CrossWave does not

calculate any matrix but only creates a text file.
Do not forget to clear this option after having used it...
To work with train option

Enables to calculate corrections along vectors while the
receiver is in a train

Railways coverage setup

Use railway tracks to enable railway mode
Calculate only along railway tracks in the area defined by the Track width
Track width: width of the area along railway track
50 m
Train type: different indoor propagation applied

In Settings, add Railway data in a .tab format

Railway track data

Use a linear mapinfo file (.tab)
Add the field Train_Type to considerer different penetration conditions (train, train_tunnel,
train_viaduct)
The RX level displayed corresponds to an indoor level in side the train

Training Programme

About Micro-cell Propagation Modelling
CrossWave operates in both micro-cellular and macro-cellular contexts

CrossWave automatically determines for each transmitter whether it is in a micro-cellular context or not
according to the following criteria:
The antenna height must be inferior to the height of 50% of buildings within a 200m square
A minimum of 30 buildings is required within this 200m radius
Depending on the transmitter context, CrossWave uses different input data
Micro-cellular context Macro-cellular context
Morphologies used Morphologies used

Graphs used
Graphs ignored
(3D building vectors needed)
Facets used
Facets ignored
(if existing and if no 3D building vectors nearby)
Micro-cell-specific coefficients are used Macro-cell-specific coefficients are used
When calibrating CrossWave, it is recommended to include CW measurements from calibration sites in a

micro-cellular context
Allows to fine-tune the pre-calibrated coefficients associated to this context
Training Programme

Using the Point Analysis Tool (1/2)
The Point Analysis tool allows you to get, at any point on the map, valuable information such as:
The profile between a reference transmitter and a receiver
The value of signal levels of the surrounding transmitters
A quality and interference analysis for any technology
Elements in the profile view are displayed with specific colors

Forest are displayed in green, bridges in black, and water in blue
Macro-cell transmitters are displayed in red while micro-cell transmitters are displayed in orange

Using the Point Analysis Tool (2/2)
You can also generate a detailed

report with the following items
General Information
The name, frequency, azimuth,
tilt and type of the transmitter
(micro/macro)
Transmitter-Receiver
Location, distance, and angles
between the transmitter and
the receiver
Diffraction Edges
The positive and negative
diffraction edges between the
transmitter and the receiver
Result Information
The path loss summary for the
profile

Training Programme

CrossWave Calibration Overview
Requirements
Guidelines for CW Measurements
Working with CW Measurements
CW Measurements Pre-processing
Calibration / Verification Stations
CrossWave Tuning

CrossWave Calibration Overview (1/2)
CrossWave can work without calibration with reasonable accuracy

Models default parameters are obtained from a high number of CW measurements around the world
However, tuning CrossWave allows to boost its performance, especially in complex environments
Atoll enables you to use available CW measurements to tune CrossWave and make it as close to real
propagation measures as possible
The CrossWave model calibration process entails three main procedures:

Collecting CW (Continuous Wave) measurement data
Site location
Constructing test platform
Drive test
Importing the CW measurement data into Atoll

Calibration sites must be created in Atoll first
Calibrating the model

CrossWave Calibration Overview (2/2)
Multi-frequency calibration
A single CrossWave model can operate
over multiple frequency bands
You can calibrate a unique model for
900MHz and 2100 MHz, for instance
The same propagation model can
therefore be allocated to all
transmitters, regardless of their
frequency band
Performance on each frequency band

separately is similar to the one obtained
with two separate mono-frequency
propagation models
CW measurements at 2100MHz
Dual-frequency calibration (900/2100

MHz, for example) increases accuracy
for predictions on an intermediate CW measurements at 900MHz
frequency band (1800Mhz) as
CrossWave can extrapolate propagation
coefficients

Requirements (1/2)
Accurate and recent geo data

DTM and clutter classes
Resolution 20m for urban areas, 50 m for rural areas
Default clutter heights should be defined
3D building vector maps and/or DHM raster maps

Pre-processed geo data (morphologies, facets, graphs)
CW measurements
Site selection (for each area type frequency band)
8 recommended (6 minimum ) sites for calibration
1 or 2 sites for verification
Selection of different area types representative of the studied city

All main clutter classes should be represented
CW surveys must be performed by stringently following guidelines

Requirements (2/2)
Drive Test data

Possible but not recommended!
Conversion to CW measurements is needed
Downsides
Real network is measured interference
Several frequencies are measured
Directional antennas accuracy of pattern (only a few points are relevant)
Low sampling rate for each measured station (Lee criterion cant be met)
Signal measured over a short distance from the transmitter (model will not be calibrated for interference
evaluation)
It is not recommended to use Drive Test data to calibrate a propagation model

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Site Preselection Criteria
Surrounding
Very representative of area type
Major clutter classes equally represented
No major obstruction within a radius of 150 to 200m from the CW sites
Low diffraction within a 10km radius (rural zones)
Enough roads all around the site
Inspection on site
Possibility to set up omnidirectional antenna
No obstacle on any side
Panoramic photographs
Report site details: precise height, coordinates...

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Survey Route Criteria
Distance
Up to noise floor of the receiver
Rural 10kms / Suburban 2kms / Urban 1km
Equal number of samples near and far in all directions
Clutter
Routes through major clutter classes
Avoid forests and lakes between transmitter and receiver
Maps
Supply vector maps of survey routes to import in Atoll
Check that survey routes and roads (vector data or scanned maps) match!

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Radio Criteria (1/2)
Frequency
3 contiguous unused channels for GSM
1 unused carrier for UMTS
Only one channel must be measured
Interference must be checked before each drive
Equipment data
Antenna patterns + downtilt + azimuth (if not perfectly
omnidirectional)
Antenna height + transmit power + transmission gain

(antenna) and losses (feeder)
Receiver height + sensitivity + reception gain and losses

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Radio Criteria (2/2)
Signal measurement
Lee criterion: at least 36 samples over 40 (for f 900 MHz)
Maximum vehicle speed depends on equipments sampling rate
Sampling Rate Sampling Rate

at 900 MHz at 2100 MHz Max. Speed (km/h)
(samples per second) (samples per second)
45 100 60
68 150 90
90 200 120
113 250 150
Averaging samples over 40 aims to remove fast fading effect !
Measurements after averaging

At least 5000 points per site (typically between 10000 and 20000 points)
In addition, CrossWave requires a minimum of 1000 measurements for each morphology

If that minimum requirement is not met for one or several morphologies, the model uses default parameters
for those morphologies

Working With CW Measurements (1/8)
Creating a CW measurement path
By copying pasting X,Y, measurement
By importing any ASCII format file

Standard import as in Excel
Option of importing any additional information
related to CW measurement points
Definition and storage of import configurations

CW Measurements: Table
List of all measurement points with their attributes and additional information
Coordinates of the Signal measured

measurement values
points
Altitude, clutter classes and
heights, distance, etc. read
from the geo data
Standard content management and tools (filters, copy-paste, etc...)

CW Measurements: Properties
For predictions along the CW measurement

path, you can either use existing path loss
matrices or recalculate them by choosing your
default CrossWave model
The points can be displayed according to
any data contained in the measurement
table
CW Measurements: Calculations and Statistics
To calculate the
predicted signal level of
the reference (and any
other optionally added)
transmitter along the
considered path.
Note: This can also be
run from top folders.
To compare statistics
between measured and
predicted signal levels.
Note: This can also be
run from top folders.

CW Measurements: Filter (at folder level)
Distance, Clutter
measurements classes
values, and filtering
azimuth filtering
Advanced filter
on additional
survey data

CW Measurements: Filtering Assistant and Filtering Zones
Tool to filter the data

path in a more
advanced way than in
the filter dialogue
available at the folder
level (previous slide)
Tool to exclude some points from the measurement path

according to a drawn polygon (all points within the polygon
will be filtered out)

BEFORE
CW Measurements: Smoothing
Create a sliding window to smooth the

measured signal strength
AFTER
Smoothing can be used to limit fading effect

Smoothing keeps the number of measurement points unchanged
Smoothing cannot be used to average gross CW measurements

CW Measurements: Synchronise the Table, the Map and the CW Measurements tool
Synchronisation:
- Map
- Table
- CW Measurements tool
Measured signal level

Analysis of a
specific CW Predicted signal level
measurement
path
Display of any
attribute related
to a given path

CW Measurements Pre-processing
Automatic filtering of inconsistent measurement points (e.g. inside buildings) during calibration
No need of manual filtering in Atoll (contrary to the Standard Propagation Model)
Moreover, CrossWave is more robust to close distance measurements and obstructions
You can, all the same, use general filters like min/max signal level before calibration
Its recommended, for instance, to filter out all values below the receiver sensitivity

Calibration / Verification Stations
Calibration stations
Stations so that measurements cover the whole area
Avoid keeping stations with a lot of common points
Verification stations
Stations so that measurements are inside covered
area (not at edges!)
Major part of their covered areas are also covered by

calibration stations
How many?
BRU_CAL_1 would be a good verification site in that
If 7-8 measured stations: particular case
6 for calibration; 1-2 for verification
If < 7 measured stations:

All stations used for calibration
Verification performed with same stations

CrossWave Tuning (1/5)
Launching the automatic tuning

It can be useful to duplicate your CrossWave model before launching the automatic tuning
It allows you to compare both standard and tuned models afterwards
Tuning options
CW measurements
files to be used for
model tuning
Launch the tuning process

Before launching the tuning process, you

can select one of the two following modes:
Standard tuning
A purely mathematical method to calibrate
the model
Provides the best results in terms of mean
error and standard deviation
No quality control of the tuned coefficients
(some of them can therefore be unrealistic)
Advanced tuning (recommended)

Amounts to calibrate a pre-calibrated
model
Coefficients are checked to avoid
inconsistencies
Unrealistic values are discarded and default
coefficients are used instead
This tuning mode can show poorer results
than in standard tuning mode, but proves
much more robust
A model tuned with the advanced method
can be easily reused in other similar areas

Tuning options:
Use CW measurements path quality control:
Ignore inconsistent CW measurement
paths.
If a CW measurement path is discarded by
the quality control option, it wont be
considered during the tuning.
Do not consider indoor pixels for raster areas:

Ignore measurement points that are
located inside clutter classes that are
associated with the "Building" clutter type.

Tuning results
User can perform several
calibrations and select the best Tuning parameters
one
Try different scenario for
calibration/verification sites Global performance of the model
Standard or advanced mode
Results split by:
CW measurement file
Morphology : helps users to
determine if more than one
model is needed for the area Performance per morphology
thanks to the performance
available per morphology
Performance per CW measurement path
Select which tuning results to be

used by the calibrated model

Commit tuning results

After incorporating the tuning results, the User tuned option is automatically enabled in the CrossWave
Propagation settings to use the tuned coefficients instead of the coefficients provided by the default
model

Training Programme

Analysing CrossWave Performance (1/5)
CrossWave can generate an analysis report that provides comparison metrics between prediction
results and actual measurements

After the analysis, a report is displayed in the CrossWave Analysis window

This report can be exported in CSV or Microsoft Excel format

Example:
Export in Microsoft Excel format

Displaying errors between the measured and predicted signal levels (1/2)
Recalculate the predicted signal values (P) with your tuned CrossWave model
Display the error (P M) between the CW measurements values (M) and the predicted values (P)

Displaying errors between the measured and predicted signal levels (2/2)
Allows you to see at a glance all the areas where the predicted signal is significantly different from the
measured value

Training Programme

CrossWave Model Key Points
Accurate and fast, both in tuning and prediction computations

Easy filtering process in Atoll compared to others COST-HATA models
Easy tuning (no parameter consistency checking, clutter offset extrapolation)
Statistically pre-calibrated using measurements from different environment types (rural/urban,

micro/macro, indoor/outdoor...)
If CW measurements are missing in some environments (e.g. forest), model can use its default coefficients
Can be updated with new measurements (e.g. 2.6 GHz for LTE)
Versatile - compatible with all technologies/frequencies
Models propagation over water and forest using specific coefficients
Good modelling of mountainous areas using facets
Indoor coverage
With indoor antennas or outdoor antennas

Thank you

Atoll 3.2.1 Crosswave

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CrossWave Propagation Model

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 1

4. About Micro-cell Propagation Modelling

5. Using the Point Analysis Tool

6. CrossWave Model Calibration

7. Analysing CrossWave Performance

8. CrossWave Model Key Points

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 2

CrossWave is the Atoll version of the Orange Labs propagation model

High performance universal propagation model

Proven and field-tested

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 3

CrossWave provides realistic modelling by combining the 3 following propagation phenomena:

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 4

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 5

4. About Micro-cell Propagation Modelling

5. Using the Point Analysis Tool

6. CrossWave Model Calibration

7. Analysing CrossWave Performance

8. CrossWave Model Key Points

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 6

The recommended installation folder is: C:\Program Files\CrossWave

Each new version is backward compatible with previous versions

Some specific advanced settings can be configured in the CrossWave.ini

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 7

4. About Micro-cell Propagation Modelling

5. Using the Point Analysis Tool

6. CrossWave Model Calibration

7. Analysing CrossWave Performance

8. CrossWave Model Key Points

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 8

Starting with CrossWave

Geo Tab Settings

Calculation Tab Settings

Propagation Tab Settings

Advanced Tab Settings

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 9

CrossWave integrates seamlessly into Atoll alongside other propagation models

CrossWave settings can be accessed from the Parameters explorer

CrossWave version (to be specified for any demand to

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 10

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 11

Inputs definition (1/2)

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 12

Inputs definition (2/2)

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 13

Building clutter type configuration

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 14

How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (1/3)

Valid 3D Building vectors files contain at least two columns:

Forsk 2015 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 15

Document -> Properties -> Coordinates

Update the Atoll.ini file

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How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (3/3)

The 3D building vector

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CrossWaves accuracy depends on the available geo data

Minimum requirements Standard configuration Advanced configuration Optimum configuration

CrossWave model accuracy

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CrossWave-specific geo data (1/3)

Morphologies creation from clutter classes and DTM